BackgroundInterferon alpha (IFN?) therapy has been widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) for decades. Nucleos(t)ide analogues are also increasingly used to treat CHB recently. More and more studies are being carried out concerning the clearance or seroconversion of HBsAg, which is recognized as an ideal goal of CHB therapy. This study ...

Chronic hepatitis B is a major cause of liver disease worldwide, ranking as the first cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is usually used as a qualitative marker for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBsAg clearance is the closest to cure outcome as one can expect to ...

Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels reflect intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA and may be a valuable addition to HBV DNA in the management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Among HBeAg-negative CHB patients with low HBV DNA levels, HBsAg quantification may help distinguish those with active CHB from ...

BackgroundSpontaneous delayed clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic HBV infection is a rare event. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in chronic HBV infection and to determine the characteristics and clinical outcomes of ...

A total of 69 persons were investigated for assessment of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Three groups, each consisting of 20 normal persons, 20HBsAg carriers, and 20 convalescent hepatitis B patients, were studied for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and leukocyte migration inhibition with purified ...

Human T-helper lymphocyte clones specific for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) proliferate on stimulation with HBsAg in vitro. Antibodies specific for HBsAg, but no other antibodies, augment this proliferative response. In the presence of antibodies to HBsAg, the maximum response could be ...

COMMENTARY ON: Clearance of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a cohort Chronically Infected with Hepatitis B Virus. Simonetti J, Bulkow L, McMahon BJ, Homan C, Snowball M, Negus S, Williams J, Livingston SE. Hepatology. 2009 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print]. Copyright 2009. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Abstract: Some ...

Some individuals who are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) eventually lose hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been demonstrated to occur in a few patients after loss of HBsAg. Neither factors associated with loss of HBsAg nor the incidence of HCC thereafter have been clearly ...

In a multicenter study a new, fully automated Roche Diagnostics Elecsys HBsAg II screening assay with improved sensitivity to HBsAg mutant detection was compared to well-established HBsAg tests: AxSYM HBsAg V2 (Abbott), Architect HBsAg (Abbott), Advia Centaur HBsAg (Bayer) ...

Nucleos(t)ide analogues strongly inhibit viral replication in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, but knowledge of their long-term effect on serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels and HBsAg loss is lacking. Seventy-five CHB patients with virological response (VR) to ETV or TDF were included. HBsAg decline 2 years after VR ...

BackgroundTypically, DNA immunization via the intramuscular route induces specific, Th1-dominant immune responses. However, plasmids expressing viral proteins fused to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) primed Th2-biased responses and were able to induced effective protection against viral challenge in the woodchuck model. Thus, we addressed the question in the mouse model how the Th1/Th2 ...

Antibodies are thought to exert antiviral activities by blocking viral entry into cells and/or accelerating viral clearance from circulation. In particular, antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) confer protection, by binding circulating virus. Here, we used mathematical modeling to gain information about viral dynamics during and ...

Previous studies of cellular immunity in asymptomatic HBV carriers have been limited to evaluation of responses to plasma-derived HBsAg preparations. We have explored the specificity of cellular immune responses to HBV antigens in these subjects using an indirect T-lymphocyte migration inhibitory factor assay and three antigen preparations (recombinant nucleocapsid antigen ...

The tip clearance flows of transonic compressor rotors are important because they have a significant

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) gathered data about local clearance dust results to characterize and assess the likelihood of achieving the HUD Interim Guidelines Clearance Standards for a wide variety of housing units, components and surfa...

Novel hydrophobic absorbents were synthesized by immobilizing butyl derivative onto the highly cross-linked agarose beads manufatured in China, which are used as matrix. The effect of the spacer arm length (3C, 8C and 10C) and ligand density (from 13 to 45 micromol/mL) on the hydrophobicity were investigated using purified Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed by CHO ...

We performed a quantitative study of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, including new parameters such as pre-S1 antigen (Ag), pre-S2 Ag, and anti-HBx, in 88 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. New IMx assays for HBsAg and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-HBc detection were also used. The population studied was composed of 65 chronic ...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis world wide. Recently, however, there has been quite dramatic improvement in the understanding of HBV associated liver disease and its treatment. It has become clear that high viral replication is a major risk factor for the development of both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. ...

Summary.? Serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) levels have been suggested to predict interferon response in chronic hepatitis B. A few data are available on the role of HBsAg measurement in nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) treatment. We retrospectively investigated the relation between HBsAg changes and main treatment outcomes ...

The standard hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) vaccine fails to induce anti-hepatitis B surface Abs in 5-10% of healthy subjects, a phenomenon known as HBsAg nonresponsiveness, which is closely related to HLA class II alleles and impaired Th cell responses to HBsAg in these subjects. We hypothesized that GM-CSF, a potent adjuvant in ...

... PROJECT' INIIAL AIMS WERE FULLY ACHIEVED IN THE FORM OF A COMBINED AORADIOGRAPHIC AND RENAL CLEARANCE STUDY OF ...

The major hydrophilic region (MHR) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) harbors conformational B-cell epitopes and is the major target of neutralizing antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Mutant HBsAg (mtHBsAg) with amino acid substitutions such as G145R is known to affect the binding of specific anti-HB antibodies and their detection by ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We investigated the efficacy of entecavir, a cyclopentyl guanosine nucleoside analogue, as monoprophylaxis in patients with chronic hepatitis B who received a liver transplant. METHODS: We studied data from 80 consecutive patients who received a liver transplant (47 from living donors and 33 from deceased donors) for hepatitis B-related disease and entecavir monotherapy as ...

Chronic viral hepatitis must be distinguished from other chronic liver disorders. The clinical picture associated with typical biochemical findings provides no definite information about the causative agent. An important factor, both for the patient and for the individuals in contact with him, is the evaluation of his infectivity. From 172 chronic hepatitis disorders the serological diagnosis ...

Tri-methyl chitosan synthesis accompanies polymer chain scission, which may affect the carrier and adjuvant properties of the polymer. The main objective of this study was to synthesize the tri-methylated chitosan using mild (TMC-M) and conventional (TMC) method and compare their efficacy as nasal vaccine delivery vehicle. During in vitro studies TMC-M nanoparticles showed the lowest nasal ...

The present study was carried out on 124 serum samples of acute hepatitis B, 51 with chronic HBV infection, and 41 chronic HBsAg carriers. Sera were tested by ELISA for HBV markers and anti-delta (anti-HDV). Delta infection (anti-HDV) in acute HB was found to be 16.9% (21 out of 124), 23.5% in chronic HB cases (12 out of 51), and 21.9% among chronic HBsAg ...

A structural support system for the core of a nuclear reactor which achieves relatively restricted clearances at operating conditions and yet allows sufficient clearance between fuel assemblies at refueling temperatures. Axially displaced spacer pads having variable between pad spacing and a temperature compensated radial restraint ...

T helper-1 (Th-1)-type immune responses play an important role in viral clearance during infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA can activate toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signals and act as potent adjuvants to induce Th-1-type immune responses. Here, a mini-plasmid with 812 base pairs in length was constructed and used as a ...

Presently available marketed alum adsorbed hepatitis B vaccine used for prophylactic immunization, can effectively elicit humoral immunity but is poor inducer of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Besides, conventional alum-adjuvant vaccines require multiple injections to achieve long-lasting protective immune responses. Therefore, as a result of insufficient immunization, ...

Liver-related mortality is increased in the setting of HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. However, interactions between HIV and HBV to explain this observation have not been described. We hypothesized that HIV infection of hepatocytes directly affects the life cycle of HBV. We infected human hepatic cell lines expressing HBV (Hep3B and AD38 cells) or not expressing HBV (Huh7, HepG2, and AD43 ...

The question of whether metabolic drug clearance is decreased in elderly people has been the subject of considerable debate and is very important because clearance is a determinant of dosing. Drug clearance has been shown to be consistently impaired for flow-limited (high-clearance) drugs, but there have been ...

... Proper Name: Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Mouse Monoclonal IgM); Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Human) Tradename: ABBOTT PRISM HBsAg ...

South East Asia has some of the highest prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (>or=8%) in the world, and the emergence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutant strains is a growing problem. Assays with the highest levels of sensitivity, including mutant detection, should be used for routine HBsAg screening. In this large multicenter ...

... which is a known reproductive toxin, photosensitizer and ... with the Ortho Summit� System Additional specificity ... performed with the Genetic Systems� HBsAg EIA ...

The evaluation of the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires the precise definition of the various clinical conditions that can be encountered (i.e. inactive carrier state or subject with liver disease activity). This can be achieved by repeat monitoring of ALT, serum HBV-DNA levels (over a period of at least 1 year, according to international ...

At the conclusion of most lead hazard control interventions in federally assisted housing built before 1978, a certified clearance examiner must verify that the lead hazard control work was completed as specified and that the area is safe for residents, a process referred to as clearance. This study explores the experience of 14 grantees participating in ...

Carboplatin clearance depends on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and Calvert's formula is frequently used to achieve a target area under the time vs concentration curve (mg ml(-1) min). Creatinine clearance is a substitute for GFR when creatinine values are determined by the Jaffé method, which is being replaced by the enzymatic ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decrease gradually during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We investigated the association between levels of HBsAg and HBsAg seroclearance. METHODS: We studied data from 46 patients who underwent spontaneous seroclearance of HBsAg ...

The purpose of the case study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and of immune-enzyme assay (IEA) in indicating the HBsAg in the blood of children with viral hepatitis. The study was based on a simultaneous indication of HBsAg by RIA and IEA in 98 samples of blood serum (plasma). It was shown that both assays are ...

Contents: Prevalence and incidence of HBsAg in a sample of 128,000 volunteer blood donors; Questionnaire survey of HBsAg positives, anti-HBs positives and controls; A comparison of HBsAg carriers and control donors; Antigenic subspecificities testing; Pre...

Mutations in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) involving amino acid substitution within the immunodominant �a� determinant may affect the performance of commercial HBsAg assays. The performances of four HBsAg assays that recently received Conformit� Europ�ene marking, Advia Centaur HBsAg (Bayer), ...

This paper describes an attractive levitation concept that results in large guideway clearance and low magnetic drag and requires no feedback for stability. Dynamic stability is achieved by establishing alternating gradients of force, in which the spatial dependence of the attractive force between superconducting coils on the vehicle and iron rails in the ...

A low initial reactive rate for screening assays is important for time- and cost-effective infectious disease testing. Therefore, the new ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative screening assay, in conjunction with the new ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative Confirmatory assay, was introduced. As the role of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as ...

With the development of new drugs, there has been a significant progression in the treatment of viral hepatitis B over the past five years. Based on their effect mechanisms, the currently available seven different drugs can be classified either as those of the interferon group or those of the nucleoside analogue group. Despite the pharmacological advances, it is still rare to ...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the immunization status for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in febrile patients in two districts of the United Republic of Tanzania. Between February and March 2007, blood samples were collected in Pemba Island and Tosamaganga from 336 outpatients and sent to the Virology Laboratory in Rome (Italy) for ...

More than 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Broad repertoire and strong magnitude of HBV-specific T cell responses are thought to play key roles for virus control and clearance. Previous studies together with ours showed that heat shock protein gp96 as adjuvant induces antigen specific T cell responses, yet little is known for ...

Measurement of myocardial clearance rates between initial and delayed images is a major justification for adding computer quantification to the interpretation of exercise /sup 201/TI images. To clarify the range of normal thallium clearance and its relationship to the level of exercise achieved, exercise thallium images in 89 normal ...

Radioxenon clearance studies of bowel perfusion were obtained during laparotomy in a patient with mesenteric vascular insufficiency. These studies were obtained both before and immediately after bypass of the occluded superior mesenteric artery. Although clearance rates improved after the bypass surgery, normal rates were not achieved.

A study was conducted to determine if a surface material with antimicrobial properties combined with an effective disinfectant could achieve total clearance of bacterial contamination. Prior to beginning the project, new rubber picker fingers collected from three processing facilities were tested fo...

Representatives of the New Jersey Department of Health's Asbestos Control Service conducted final clearance evaluations at 79 schools where asbestos removal took place during the Summer of 1987. The evaluations entailed a thorough visual inspection of each abatement area by an ex...

Infections with Hepatitis viruses B and C pose major problems both short and long term respectively after HSCT. The key to prevention for Hepatitis B disease remains vaccination for HBV-na�ve patients and judicial use of anti-viral therapy in both pre- and post-transplant settings for HBV-infected patients. HBsAg positive grafts to HBV-na�ve recipients result in ...

The response of bulky, advanced Stage 1B and early Stage II carcinoma of the cervix to neutron brachytherapy (NT and radiotherapy) was studied using combined NT radiation and extrafascial hysterectomy with histologic evaluation. Scheduling of neutron therapy relative to external beam photon therapy, tumor volume, tumor stage, tumor histology, and clinical tumor clearance were ...

In this Letter we present data for a novel series of ICS for the treatment of asthma. 'Inhalation by design' principles have been applied to a series of highly potent steroidal GR agonists, with a focus on optimising the potential therapeutic index in human. Pharmacokinetic properties were tuned with high intrinsic clearance and low oral bioavailability in mind, to minimise ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) usually indicates the cure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconverters, lower serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels have been shown to be associated with HBsAg loss over time. However, little is known about their impacts on ...

The paper describes the operational requirements and methods of achieving remote operation of Combat Engineer Equipments for use by the UK Army during periods immediately prior to combat, possibly during combat and extensively in post conflict clearance o...

Maglev systems such as the recent and third generation. American. Maglev Star Inc. (AMS) system achieve large 6 to 8 inch clearances between the vehicle ...

Approximately 60 people are killed or seriously injured daily by anti-personnel land mines (APLs). The number of victims may seem insignificant given the world population, but each person killed or maimed presents a real physical and psychological barrier...

A simplified method for determining the clearance of iron from plasma, the uptake of iron by newly formed red cells, the direct measurement of plasma volume, and the indirect measurement of volume and red cell mass, was achieved by modification and synthe...

Malignant lymphoma of diffuse large cell type, was diagnosed in a 70-year-old man with tumors of the nasal cavity and right testis. He was treated with Epi-VEPA regimen and relapsed in the right thalamus just after achieving remission. Total cranial irradiation was effective, but multiple skin lesions were present at the time. He then suffered from renal failure and delayed ...

Potential health effects resulting from the accidental exposure of people to beryllium metal are of concern. To investigate the effects of relatively low levels of beryllium metal on lung clearance, we simultaneously exposed rats to beryllium metal and radioactive tracer particles. Exposure to beryllium metal aerosol to achieve estimated lung burdens of 9 ...

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. Notably, advances have been made in the development of quantitative HBsAg assays, which have allowed ...

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. Notably, advances have been made in the development of quantitative HBsAg assays, which have allowed ...

A remarkable increase in HA titers for weakly haemagglutinating Norwegian arbovirus strains, Uukuniemi and Runde viruses, was achieved by including treatment with the colloidal silica gel Aerosil in the antigen preparation scheme. By combining this procedure with sonication, the titers of sucrose-aceton extracted, infected suckling mouse brains could be increased several ...