Sample records for address cost sharing

  1. 32 CFR 37.415 - Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation? 37.415 Section 37.415 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Competition Phase...

  2. 32 CFR 37.415 - Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation? 37.415 Section 37.415 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Competition Phase...

  3. 32 CFR 37.415 - Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation? 37.415 Section 37.415 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Competition Phase...

  4. 32 CFR 37.415 - Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation? 37.415 Section 37.415 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Competition Phase...

  5. 32 CFR 37.415 - Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Should I address cost sharing in the announcement or solicitation? 37.415 Section 37.415 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Competition Phase...

  6. Cost Sharing-Past, Present-and Future?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hardy, Robert B.

    2000-01-01

    Addresses ongoing issues in research cost sharing between government and universities in the context of the current Presidential Review Directive on the Government-University Research Partnership. Issues include the procurement vs. assistance conundrum, systemic shifting of costs of research from the government to universities, and the failure of…

  7. Shared address collectives using counter mechanisms

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Blocksome, Michael; Dozsa, Gabor; Gooding, Thomas M

    A shared address space on a compute node stores data received from a network and data to transmit to the network. The shared address space includes an application buffer that can be directly operated upon by a plurality of processes, for instance, running on different cores on the compute node. A shared counter is used for one or more of signaling arrival of the data across the plurality of processes running on the compute node, signaling completion of an operation performed by one or more of the plurality of processes, obtaining reservation slots by one or more of the pluralitymore » of processes, or combinations thereof.« less

  8. 14 CFR 1260.54 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... cash and non-cash contributions shall be governed by § 1260.123, Cost Sharing or Matching. The... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost sharing. 1260.54 Section 1260.54... Special Conditions § 1260.54 Cost sharing. Cost Sharing October 2000 (a) NASA and the Recipient will share...

  9. 36 CFR 230.6 - Project costs and cost share requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Project costs and cost share... Project costs and cost share requirements. (a) The CFP Federal contribution cannot exceed 50 percent of the total project costs. (b) Allowable project and cost share costs will include the purchase price...

  10. 36 CFR 230.6 - Project costs and cost share requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Project costs and cost share... Project costs and cost share requirements. (a) The CFP Federal contribution cannot exceed 50 percent of the total project costs. (b) Allowable project and cost share costs will include the purchase price...

  11. 36 CFR 230.6 - Project costs and cost share requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Project costs and cost share... Project costs and cost share requirements. (a) The CFP Federal contribution cannot exceed 50 percent of the total project costs. (b) Allowable project and cost share costs will include the purchase price...

  12. 10 CFR 602.12 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost sharing. 602.12 Section 602.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OTHER HEALTH STUDIES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 602.12 Cost sharing. Cost sharing is not required, nor will it be considered, as a criterion in...

  13. 10 CFR 603.530 - Acceptable cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Evaluation Cost Sharing § 603.530 Acceptable cost sharing. The contracting officer may accept any cash or in... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Acceptable cost sharing. 603.530 Section 603.530 Energy..., they represent meaningful cost sharing that demonstrates the recipient's commitment to the success of...

  14. 42 CFR 447.52 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... agency imposes cost sharing under § 447.54, the process by which hospital emergency room services are... State option, cost sharing imposed for any service (other than for drugs and non-emergency services... group under § 447.56(a), and (iii) For cost sharing imposed for non-emergency services furnished in an...

  15. 40 CFR 35.6235 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... § 35.6285 (c), (d), and (f) regarding credit, excess cash cost share contributions/over match, and... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cost sharing. 35.6235 Section 35.6235... Cooperative Agreements § 35.6235 Cost sharing. A State must provide at least ten percent of the direct and...

  16. How do high cost-sharing policies for physician care affect inpatient care use and costs among people with chronic disease?

    PubMed

    Xin, Haichang

    2015-01-01

    Rapidly rising health care costs continue to be a significant concern in the United States. High cost-sharing strategies thus have been widely used to address rising health care costs. Since high cost-sharing policies can reduce needed care as well as unneeded care use, it raises the concern whether these policies for physician care are a good strategy for controlling costs among chronically ill patients, especially whether utilization and costs in inpatient care will increase in response. This study examined whether high cost sharing in physician care affects inpatient care utilization and costs differently between individuals with and without chronic conditions. Findings from this study will contribute to the insurance benefit design that can control care utilization and save costs of chronically ill individuals. Prior studies suffered from gaps that limit both internal validity and external validity of their findings. This study has its unique contributions by filling these gaps jointly. The study used data from the 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative sample, with a cross-sectional study design. Instrumental variable technique was used to address the endogeneity between health care utilization and cost-sharing levels. We used negative binomial regression to analyze the count data and generalized linear models for costs data. To account for national survey sampling design, weight and variance were adjusted. The study compared the effects of high cost-sharing policies on inpatient care utilization and costs between individuals with and without chronic conditions to answer the research question. The final study sample consisted of 4523 individuals; among them, 752 had hospitalizations. The multivariate analysis demonstrated consistent patterns. Compared with low cost-sharing policies, high cost-sharing policies for physician care were not associated with a greater increase in inpatient care utilization (P = .86 for chronically ill

  17. Centrally managed unified shared virtual address space

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wilkes, John

    Systems, apparatuses, and methods for managing a unified shared virtual address space. A host may execute system software and manage a plurality of nodes coupled to the host. The host may send work tasks to the nodes, and for each node, the host may externally manage the node's view of the system's virtual address space. Each node may have a central processing unit (CPU) style memory management unit (MMU) with an internal translation lookaside buffer (TLB). In one embodiment, the host may be coupled to a given node via an input/output memory management unit (IOMMU) interface, where the IOMMU frontendmore » interface shares the TLB with the given node's MMU. In another embodiment, the host may control the given node's view of virtual address space via memory-mapped control registers.« less

  18. 7 CFR 634.24 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.24 Cost sharing... participant's water rights, cannot be considered a part of the participant's share of the cost. (b) The... offsite water quality, and (2) The matching share requirements would place a burden on the landowner or...

  19. 7 CFR 634.24 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.24 Cost sharing... participant's water rights, cannot be considered a part of the participant's share of the cost. (b) The... offsite water quality, and (2) The matching share requirements would place a burden on the landowner or...

  20. 7 CFR 634.24 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.24 Cost sharing... participant's water rights, cannot be considered a part of the participant's share of the cost. (b) The... offsite water quality, and (2) The matching share requirements would place a burden on the landowner or...

  1. 33 CFR 239.8 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... to provide additional cost sharing to reflect special local benefits or betterments. Such additional... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cost sharing. 239.8 Section 239.8... RESOURCES POLICIES AND AUTHORITIES: FEDERAL PARTICIPATION IN COVERED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNELS § 239.8 Cost...

  2. 40 CFR 35.6235 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Core Program... indirect costs of all activities covered by the Core Program Cooperative Agreement. Indian Tribes are not required to share in the cost of Core Program activities. The State must provide its cost share with non...

  3. 7 CFR 1467.10 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS WETLANDS RESERVE PROGRAM § 1467.10 Cost-share... easement, 30-year contract, or restoration cost-share agreement, NRCS will offer to pay at least 50 percent... entity may receive, directly or indirectly, for one or more restoration cost-share agreements, for any...

  4. 42 CFR 447.53 - Cost sharing for drugs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cost sharing for drugs. 447.53 Section 447.53... and Cost Sharing § 447.53 Cost sharing for drugs. (a) The agency may establish differential cost sharing for preferred and non-preferred drugs. The provisions in § 447.56(a) shall apply except as the...

  5. 7 CFR 634.27 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.27 Cost-share... essential for meeting the water quality objectives in the project area. (c) Basis for cost-share payment. (1...) Average cost, or (ii) Actual cost not to exceed average cost. (2) If the average cost at the time of...

  6. 7 CFR 634.27 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.27 Cost-share... essential for meeting the water quality objectives in the project area. (c) Basis for cost-share payment. (1...) Average cost, or (ii) Actual cost not to exceed average cost. (2) If the average cost at the time of...

  7. 7 CFR 634.27 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.27 Cost-share... essential for meeting the water quality objectives in the project area. (c) Basis for cost-share payment. (1...) Average cost, or (ii) Actual cost not to exceed average cost. (2) If the average cost at the time of...

  8. 7 CFR 634.27 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.27 Cost-share... essential for meeting the water quality objectives in the project area. (c) Basis for cost-share payment. (1...) Average cost, or (ii) Actual cost not to exceed average cost. (2) If the average cost at the time of...

  9. 7 CFR 634.27 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAM Participant RCWP Contracts § 634.27 Cost-share... essential for meeting the water quality objectives in the project area. (c) Basis for cost-share payment. (1...) Average cost, or (ii) Actual cost not to exceed average cost. (2) If the average cost at the time of...

  10. 7 CFR 636.7 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.7 Cost-share payments. (a) NRCS may... costs to develop fish and wildlife habitat. The cost-share payment to a participant will be reduced...

  11. 7 CFR 636.7 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.7 Cost-share payments. (a) NRCS may... costs to develop fish and wildlife habitat. The cost-share payment to a participant will be reduced...

  12. 7 CFR 636.7 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.7 Cost-share payments. (a) NRCS may... costs to develop fish and wildlife habitat. The cost-share payment to a participant will be reduced...

  13. 7 CFR 636.7 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.7 Cost-share payments. (a) NRCS may... costs to develop fish and wildlife habitat. The cost-share payment to a participant will be reduced...

  14. 7 CFR 624.7 - Cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Cost-sharing. 624.7 Section 624.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION § 624.7 Cost-sharing. (a) Except as provided in...

  15. 7 CFR 624.7 - Cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Cost-sharing. 624.7 Section 624.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION § 624.7 Cost-sharing. (a) Except as provided in...

  16. 7 CFR 624.7 - Cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cost-sharing. 624.7 Section 624.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION § 624.7 Cost-sharing. (a) Except as provided in...

  17. 7 CFR 624.7 - Cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Cost-sharing. 624.7 Section 624.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION § 624.7 Cost-sharing. (a) Except as provided in...

  18. 42 CFR 438.108 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost sharing. 438.108 Section 438.108 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS MANAGED CARE Enrollee Rights and Protections § 438.108 Cost sharing. The contract must...

  19. 7 CFR 624.7 - Cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost-sharing. 624.7 Section 624.7 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION § 624.7 Cost-sharing. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the Federal contribution toward the implementation of emergency measures may...

  20. Cost-sharing in Medicaid: Assumptions, Evidence, and Future Directions

    PubMed Central

    Powell, Victoria; Saloner, Brendan; Sabik, Lindsay M.

    2015-01-01

    Several states have received waivers to expand Medicaid to poor adults under the Affordable Care Act using more cost-sharing than the program traditionally allows. We synthesize literature of the effects of cost-sharing, focusing on studies of low-income US populations from 1995–2014. Literature suggests cost-sharing has a deterrent effect on initiation of treatments, and can reduce utilization of ongoing treatments. Further, cost-sharing may be difficult for low-income populations to understand; patients often lack sufficient information to choose medical treatment; and cost-sharing may be difficult to balance within the budgets of poor adults. Gaps in the literature include evidence of long-term effects of cost-sharing on health and financial wellbeing, evidence related to effectiveness of cost-sharing combined with patient education, and evidence related to targeted programs that use financial incentives for wellness. Literature underscores the need for evaluation of the effects of cost-sharing on health status and spending, particularly among the poorest adults. PMID:26602175

  1. 48 CFR 716.303 - Cost-sharing contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-sharing contracts. 716.303 Section 716.303 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES TYPES OF CONTRACTS Cost Reimbursement Contracts 716.303 Cost-sharing...

  2. 48 CFR 716.303 - Cost-sharing contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cost-sharing contracts. 716.303 Section 716.303 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES TYPES OF CONTRACTS Cost Reimbursement Contracts 716.303 Cost-sharing...

  3. 45 CFR 63.22 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost sharing. 63.22 Section 63.22 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GRANT PROGRAMS ADMINISTERED BY THE OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR PLANNING AND EVALUATION Financial Provisions § 63.22 Cost sharing. Policy...

  4. 42 CFR 457.560 - Cumulative cost-sharing maximum.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cumulative cost-sharing maximum. 457.560 Section... State Plan Requirements: Enrollee Financial Responsibilities § 457.560 Cumulative cost-sharing maximum... writing and orally if appropriate of their individual cumulative cost-sharing maximum amount at the time...

  5. 7 CFR 636.7 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVES PROGRAM § 636.7 Cost-share payments. (a) NRCS... establishing conservation practices to develop fish and wildlife habitat. The cost-share payment to a...

  6. 7 CFR 1410.40 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... such contract. (g) CCC may make cost-share payments for thinning of existing tree stands to benefit... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost-share payments. 1410.40 Section 1410.40... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM § 1410.40 Cost...

  7. 7 CFR 1467.10 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... restrictions on the costs of establishing or installing conservation practices or activities specified in the... easement, 30-year contract, or restoration cost-share agreement, NRCS will offer to pay at least 50 percent... entity may receive, directly or indirectly, for one or more restoration cost-share agreements, for any...

  8. Cost Sharing in Medicaid: Assumptions, Evidence, and Future Directions.

    PubMed

    Powell, Victoria; Saloner, Brendan; Sabik, Lindsay M

    2016-08-01

    Several states have received waivers to expand Medicaid to poor adults under the Affordable Care Act using more cost sharing than the program traditionally allows. We synthesize literature on the effects of cost sharing, focusing on studies of low-income U.S. populations from 1995 to 2014. Literature suggests that cost sharing has a deterrent effect on initiation of treatments, and can reduce utilization of ongoing treatments. Furthermore, cost sharing may be difficult for low-income populations to understand, patients often lack sufficient information to choose medical treatment, and cost sharing may be difficult to balance within the budgets of poor adults. Gaps in the literature include evidence of long-term effects of cost sharing on health and financial well-being, evidence related to effectiveness of cost sharing combined with patient education, and evidence related to targeted programs that use financial incentives for wellness. Literature underscores the need for evaluation of the effects of cost sharing on health status and spending, particularly among the poorest adults. © The Author(s) 2015.

  9. 42 CFR 423.782 - Cost-sharing subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-sharing subsidy. 423.782 Section 423.782... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM VOLUNTARY MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG BENEFIT Premiums and Cost-Sharing Subsidies... cents. (c) When the out-of-pocket cost for a covered Part D drug under a Part D sponsor's plan benefit...

  10. 42 CFR 600.520 - General cost-sharing protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... income. (b) Cost-sharing protections to ensure enrollment of Indians. A State must ensure that standard health plans meet the standards in accordance with 45 CFR 156.420(b)(1) and (d). (c) Cost-sharing... 156.420(c) and (e); and (2) The cost-sharing reduction standards in accordance with 45 CFR 156.420(a...

  11. An Update on Physician Practice Cost Shares

    PubMed Central

    Dayhoff, Debra A.; Cromwell, Jerry; Rosenbach, Margo L.

    1993-01-01

    The 1988 physicians' practice costs and income survey (PPCIS) collected detailed costs, revenues, and incomes data for a sample of 3,086 physicians. These data are utilized to update the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) cost shares used in calculating the medicare economic index (MEI) and the geographic practice cost index (GPCI). Cost shares were calculated for the national sample, for 16 specialty groupings, for urban and rural areas, and for 9 census divisions. Although statistical tests reveal that cost shares differ across specialties and geographic areas, sensitivity analysis shows that these differences are small enough to have trivial effects in computing the MEI and GPCI. These results may inform policymakers on one aspect of the larger issue of whether physician payments should vary by geographic location or specialty. PMID:10130573

  12. Physician response to the United Mine Workers' cost-sharing program: the other side of the coin.

    PubMed Central

    Fahs, M C

    1992-01-01

    The effect of cost sharing on health services utilization is analyzed from a new perspective, that is, its effects on physician response to cost sharing. A primary data set was constructed using medical records and billing files from a large multispecialty group practice during the three-year period surrounding the introduction of cost sharing to the United Mine Workers Health and Retirement Fund. This same group practice also served an equally large number of patients covered by United Steelworkers' health benefit plans, for which similar utilization data were available. The questions addressed in this interinsurer study are: (1) to what extent does a physician's treatment of medically similar cases vary, following a drop in patient visits as a result of cost sharing? and (2) what is the impact, if any, on costs of care for other patients in the practice (e.g., "spillover effects" such as cost shifting)? Answers to these kinds of questions are necessary to predict the effects of cost sharing on overall health care costs. A fixed-effects model of physician service use was applied to data on episodes of treatment for all patients in a private group practice. This shows that the introduction of cost sharing to some patients in a practice does, in fact, increase the treatment costs to other patients in the same practice who remain under stable insurance plans. The analysis demonstrates that when the economic effects of cost sharing on physician service use are analyzed for all patients within a physician practice, the findings are remarkably different from those of an analysis limited to those patients directly affected by cost sharing. PMID:1563952

  13. 7 CFR 634.24 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... designated management agency will annually set maximum individual BMP cost-share levels for the project area... offsite water quality, and (2) The matching share requirements would place a burden on the landowner or... shared must have a positive effect on water quality by reducing the amount of agricultural nonpoint...

  14. 7 CFR 634.24 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... designated management agency will annually set maximum individual BMP cost-share levels for the project area... offsite water quality, and (2) The matching share requirements would place a burden on the landowner or... shared must have a positive effect on water quality by reducing the amount of agricultural nonpoint...

  15. 45 CFR 156.130 - Cost-sharing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS HEALTH INSURANCE ISSUER STANDARDS UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, INCLUDING STANDARDS RELATED TO EXCHANGES Essential Health Benefits Package § 156.130 Cost-sharing requirements. (a) Annual limitation on cost sharing. (1...

  16. 45 CFR 156.130 - Cost-sharing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS HEALTH INSURANCE ISSUER STANDARDS UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, INCLUDING STANDARDS RELATED TO EXCHANGES Essential Health Benefits Package § 156.130 Cost-sharing requirements. (a) Annual limitation on cost sharing. (1...

  17. 50 CFR 85.40 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Use/Acceptance of Funds § 85.40 Cost sharing. (a) The Federal share shall not exceed 75% of total... grant objectives and represent the current market value of noncash contributions furnished as part of...

  18. 45 CFR 152.21 - Premiums and cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Premiums and cost-sharing. 152.21 Section 152.21...-EXISTING CONDITION INSURANCE PLAN PROGRAM Benefits § 152.21 Premiums and cost-sharing. (a) Limitation on... benefits must be at least 65 percent of such costs. (2) The out-of-pocket limit of coverage for cost...

  19. 42 CFR 423.6 - Cost-sharing in beneficiary education and enrollment-related costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-sharing in beneficiary education and enrollment-related costs. 423.6 Section 423.6 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... BENEFIT General Provisions § 423.6 Cost-sharing in beneficiary education and enrollment-related costs. The...

  20. 14 CFR 151.43 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 151... United States share of project costs. (a) The United States share of the allowable costs of a project is... part, the United States share of the costs of an approved project for airport development (regardless...

  1. 14 CFR 151.43 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 151... United States share of project costs. (a) The United States share of the allowable costs of a project is... part, the United States share of the costs of an approved project for airport development (regardless...

  2. 14 CFR 151.43 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 151... United States share of project costs. (a) The United States share of the allowable costs of a project is... part, the United States share of the costs of an approved project for airport development (regardless...

  3. 14 CFR 151.43 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 151... United States share of project costs. (a) The United States share of the allowable costs of a project is... part, the United States share of the costs of an approved project for airport development (regardless...

  4. 14 CFR 151.43 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 151... United States share of project costs. (a) The United States share of the allowable costs of a project is... part, the United States share of the costs of an approved project for airport development (regardless...

  5. 7 CFR 632.17 - Cost-share rates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... level required to obtain participation if the main benefits of reclamation are offsite (in the public... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost-share rates. 632.17 Section 632.17 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING RURAL ABANDONED MINE PROGRAM Qualifications § 632.17 Cost-share rates. (a...

  6. How might immunization rates change if cost sharing is eliminated?

    PubMed

    Shen, Angela K; O'Grady, Michael J; McDevitt, Roland D; Pickreign, Jeremy D; Laudenberger, Laura K; Esber, Allahna; Shortridge, Emily F

    2014-01-01

    There is a debate regarding the effect of cost sharing on immunization, particularly as the Affordable Care Act will eliminate cost sharing for recommended vaccines. This study estimates changes in immunization rates and spending associated with extending first-dollar coverage to privately insured children for four childhood vaccines. We used the 2008 National Immunization Survey and peer-reviewed literature to generate estimates of immunization status for each vaccine by age group and insurance type. We used the Truven Health Analytics 2006 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database of line-item medical claims to estimate changes in immunization rates that would result from eliminating cost sharing, and we used the Kaiser Family Foundation/Health Research and Educational Trust Employer Health Benefits Survey to determine the prevalence of coverage for patients with first-dollar coverage, patients who face office visit cost sharing, and patients who face cost sharing for all vaccine cost components. We assumed that once cost sharing is removed, coverage rates in plans that impose cost sharing will rise to the level of plans that do not. We estimate that immunization rates would increase modestly and result in additional direct spending of $26.0 million to insurers/employers. Further, these payers would have an additional $11.0 million in spending associated with eliminating cost sharing for children already receiving immunizations. The effects of eliminating cost sharing for vaccines vary by vaccine. Overall, immunization rates will rise modestly given high insurance coverage for vaccinations, and these increases would be more substantial for those currently facing cost sharing. However, in addition to the removal of cost sharing for immunizations, these findings suggest other strategies to consider to further increase immunization rates.

  7. 47 CFR 27.1174 - Termination of Cost-Sharing Obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... § 27.1174 Termination of Cost-Sharing Obligations. The cost-sharing plan will sunset for all AWS and... AWS band (i.e., 2110-2150 MHz, 2160-2175 MHz, or 2175-2180 MHz) in which the relocated FMS link was located terminates. AWS or MSS (including MSS/ATC) entrants that trigger a cost-sharing obligation prior...

  8. 47 CFR 27.1174 - Termination of Cost-Sharing Obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... § 27.1174 Termination of Cost-Sharing Obligations. The cost-sharing plan will sunset for all AWS and... AWS band (i.e., 2110-2150 MHz, 2160-2175 MHz, or 2175-2180 MHz) in which the relocated FMS link was located terminates. AWS or MSS (including MSS/ATC) entrants that trigger a cost-sharing obligation prior...

  9. How Patient Cost-Sharing Trends Affect Adherence and Outcomes

    PubMed Central

    Eaddy, Michael T.; Cook, Christopher L.; O’Day, Ken; Burch, Steven P.; Cantrell, C. Ron

    2012-01-01

    Objective We sought to assess the relationship between patient cost sharing; medication adherence; and clinical, utilization, and economic outcomes. Methodology: We conducted a literature review of articles and abstracts published from January 1974 to May 2008. Articles were identified using PubMed, Ovid, medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The following terms were used in the search: adherence, compliance, copay, cost sharing, costs, noncompliance, outcomes, hospitalization, utilization, economics, income, and persistence. Results: We identified and included 160 articles in the review. Although the types of interventions, measures, and populations studied varied widely, we were able to identify relatively clear relationships between cost sharing, adherence, and outcomes. Of the articles that evaluated the relationship between changes in cost sharing and adherence, 85% showed that an increasing patient share of medication costs was significantly associated with a decrease in adherence. For articles that investigated the relationship between adherence and outcomes, the majority noted that increased adherence was associated with a statistically significant improvement in outcomes. Conclusion: Increasing patient cost sharing was associated with declines in medication adherence, which in turn was associated with poorer health outcomes. PMID:22346336

  10. Coping with Prescription Drug Cost Sharing: Knowledge, Adherence, and Financial Burden

    PubMed Central

    Reed, Mary; Brand, Richard; Newhouse, Joseph P; Selby, Joe V; Hsu, John

    2008-01-01

    Objective Assess patient knowledge of and response to drug cost sharing. Study Setting Adult members of a large prepaid, integrated delivery system. Study Design/Data Collection Telephone interviews with 932 participants (72 percent response rate) who reported knowledge of the structures and amounts of their prescription drug cost sharing. Participants reported cost-related changes in their drug adherence, any financial burden, and other cost-coping behaviors. Actual cost sharing amounts came from administrative databases. Principal Findings Overall, 27 percent of patients knew all of their drug cost sharing structures and amounts. After adjustment for individual characteristics, additional patient cost sharing structures (tiers and caps), and higher copayment amounts were associated with reporting decreased adherence, financial burden, or other cost-coping behaviors. Conclusions Patient knowledge of their drug benefits is limited, especially for more complex cost sharing structures. Patients also report a range of responses to greater cost sharing, including decreasing adherence. PMID:18370979

  11. 32 CFR 37.545 - May I accept costs of prior research as cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May I accept costs of prior research as cost... DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Pre-Award Business Evaluation Cost Sharing § 37.545 May I accept costs of prior research as cost sharing? No, you may not count any...

  12. 7 CFR 632.31 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... out the contract, the land user is indebted to the United States for the cost of the misused material... contract. The cost-share payment is to be determined by one of the following methods: (1) Average cost. (2) Actual cost but not more than the average cost. (3) Specified maximum cost. If the average cost or the...

  13. 7 CFR 632.31 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... out the contract, the land user is indebted to the United States for the cost of the misused material... contract. The cost-share payment is to be determined by one of the following methods: (1) Average cost. (2) Actual cost but not more than the average cost. (3) Specified maximum cost. If the average cost or the...

  14. 7 CFR 632.31 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... out the contract, the land user is indebted to the United States for the cost of the misused material... contract. The cost-share payment is to be determined by one of the following methods: (1) Average cost. (2) Actual cost but not more than the average cost. (3) Specified maximum cost. If the average cost or the...

  15. 7 CFR 632.31 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... out the contract, the land user is indebted to the United States for the cost of the misused material... contract. The cost-share payment is to be determined by one of the following methods: (1) Average cost. (2) Actual cost but not more than the average cost. (3) Specified maximum cost. If the average cost or the...

  16. 7 CFR 632.31 - Cost-share payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... out the contract, the land user is indebted to the United States for the cost of the misused material... contract. The cost-share payment is to be determined by one of the following methods: (1) Average cost. (2) Actual cost but not more than the average cost. (3) Specified maximum cost. If the average cost or the...

  17. Consumer Cost-Sharing in Marketplace vs. Employer Health Insurance Plans, 2015.

    PubMed

    Gabel, Jon; Whitmore, Heidi; Green, Matthew; Stromberg, Sam; Oran, Rebecca

    2015-12-01

    Using data from 49 states and Washington, D.C., we analyzed changes in cost-sharing under health plans offered to individuals and families through state and federal exchanges from 2014 to 2015. We examined eight vehicles for cost-sharing, including deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, and out-of-pocket limits, and compared findings with cost-sharing under employer-based insurance. We found cost-sharing under marketplace plans remained essentially unchanged from 2014 to 2015. Stable premiums during that period do not reflect greater costs borne by enrollees. Further, 56 percent of enrollees in marketplace plans attained cost-sharing reductions in 2015. However, for people without cost-sharing reductions, average copayments, deductibles, and out-of-pocket limits under catastrophic, bronze, and silver plans are considerably higher than under employer-based plans on average, while cost-sharing under gold plans is similar employer-based plans on average. Marketplace plans are far more likely than employer-based plans to require enrollees to meet deductibles before they receive coverage for prescription drugs.

  18. Cost Sharing, Health Care Expenditures, and Utilization: An International Comparison.

    PubMed

    Perkowski, Patryk; Rodberg, Leonard

    2016-01-01

    Health systems implement cost sharing to help reduce health care expenditure and utilization by discouraging the use of unnecessary health care services. We examine cost sharing in 28 countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development from 1999 through 2009 in the areas of medical care, hospital care, and pharmaceuticals. We investigate associations between cost sharing, health care expenditures, and health care utilization and find no significant association between cost sharing and health care expenditures or utilization in these countries. © The Author(s) 2015.

  19. Impact of type 2 diabetes medication cost sharing on patient outcomes and health plan costs.

    PubMed

    Thornton Snider, Julia; Seabury, Seth; Lopez, Janice; McKenzie, Scott; Goldman, Dana P

    2016-06-01

    To study the association between cost sharing for diabetes medications, adherence, hospitalization rates, and healthcare costs, with relationship to patient risk. A retrospective claims analysis of data from 35 large, private, self-insured employers (2004 to 2012). We examined outcomes for 92,410 patients aged 18 to 64 years with a type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis who filled at least 1 T2D prescription. First, we examined the relationship between adherence, measured as the proportion of days covered, and cost sharing, measured as the out-of-pocket cost to purchase a pre-specified bundle of T2D prescriptions. We then examined the association between adherence and hospital days. Simulations showed the effect of increased cost sharing on adherence and inpatient utilization. A $10 increase in out-of-pocket cost was associated with a 1.9% reduction in adherence (P < .01). In turn, a 10% reduction in adherence was associated with a 15% increase in per-patient hospital days (0.17 days; P < .01). For the average plan, switching from low to high cost sharing reduced per-patient medication costs by $242 and increased per-patient hospitalization costs by $342, for a net increase of $100 in plan costs. Increases in per-patient costs were greater for high-risk patients, such as those with heart failure ($1328). Increased cost sharing for T2D medication was associated with reductions in pharmacy costs, but higher total costs for patients with T2D. This problem is particularly acute for patients with 1 or more cardiovascular comorbidities. The results suggest that increased diabetes cost sharing may hamper efforts to lower the total cost of diabetes care.

  20. 7 CFR 625.9 - 10-year restoration cost-share agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false 10-year restoration cost-share agreements. 625.9... CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES HEALTHY FORESTS RESERVE PROGRAM § 625.9 10-year... 10-year cost-share agreement and its terms are incorporated therein. (b) A 10-year cost-share...

  1. 49 CFR 19.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  2. 49 CFR 19.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  3. 49 CFR 19.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  4. 49 CFR 19.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  5. 49 CFR 19.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  6. 48 CFR 52.216-12 - Cost-Sharing Contract-No Fee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....216-12 Cost-Sharing Contract—No Fee. As prescribed in 16.307(f), insert the following clause in... nonprofit organization. Cost-Sharing Contract—No Fee (APR 1984) (a) The Government shall not pay to the... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-Sharing Contract-No...

  7. 14 CFR 152.205 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 152... share of project costs. (a) Airport development. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the following is the United States share of the allowable cost of an airport development project...

  8. 14 CFR 152.205 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 152... share of project costs. (a) Airport development. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the following is the United States share of the allowable cost of an airport development project...

  9. 14 CFR 152.205 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 152... share of project costs. (a) Airport development. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the following is the United States share of the allowable cost of an airport development project...

  10. 14 CFR 152.205 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 152... share of project costs. (a) Airport development. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the following is the United States share of the allowable cost of an airport development project...

  11. 14 CFR 152.205 - United States share of project costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false United States share of project costs. 152... share of project costs. (a) Airport development. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the following is the United States share of the allowable cost of an airport development project...

  12. 22 CFR 145.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  13. 22 CFR 145.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  14. 22 CFR 145.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  15. 22 CFR 145.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  16. 22 CFR 145.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  17. 42 CFR 431.57 - Waiver of cost-sharing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...-sharing amounts be nominal. (b) For nonemergency services furnished in a hospital emergency room, the... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Waiver of cost-sharing requirements. 431.57 Section... Requirements § 431.57 Waiver of cost-sharing requirements. (a) Sections 1916(a)(3) and 1916(b)(3) of the Act...

  18. 42 CFR 431.57 - Waiver of cost-sharing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...-sharing amounts be nominal. (b) For nonemergency services furnished in a hospital emergency room, the... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Waiver of cost-sharing requirements. 431.57 Section... Requirements § 431.57 Waiver of cost-sharing requirements. (a) Sections 1916(a)(3) and 1916(b)(3) of the Act...

  19. 42 CFR 431.57 - Waiver of cost-sharing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...-sharing amounts be nominal. (b) For nonemergency services furnished in a hospital emergency room, the... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Waiver of cost-sharing requirements. 431.57 Section... Requirements § 431.57 Waiver of cost-sharing requirements. (a) Sections 1916(a)(3) and 1916(b)(3) of the Act...

  20. A Cost-Sharing Exemption Program for Patients With Mental Illness in Taiwan: Who Enrolls?

    PubMed

    Huang, Hsin-Hui; Chen, Chuan-Yu; Chou, Yiing-Jenq; Huang, Nicole

    2015-11-01

    The purpose of this study was to identify patient and provider characteristics associated with enrollment in a cost-sharing exemption program among people newly diagnosed as having schizophrenia. The study used a nationally representative sample from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) program. Enrollment in a cost-sharing exemption program among 1,824 individuals with schizophrenia was observed for one year and three years after the individuals received a diagnosis of schizophrenia for the first time. Generalized estimating equations were applied to estimate the effect of various patient and physician characteristics on the odds of enrollment. The one-year and three-year program enrollment rates were 52% and 58%, respectively. People ages 35 or older were significantly more likely to enroll compared with younger people. People with low incomes and people who were hospitalized for schizophrenia were significantly more likely to enroll. Regarding provider characteristics, patients cared for by psychiatrists (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.10) or by psychiatric institutions (AOR=1.10) were significantly more likely to enroll in the cost-sharing exemption program within the first year of diagnosis. The results suggest that enrollment in the NHI's cost-sharing exemption program by people newly diagnosed as having schizophrenia was relatively low. The role of providers must not be overlooked. Effective strategies targeting high-risk subgroups for nonparticipation are necessary in addressing mental health parity.

  1. 2 CFR 215.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  2. 2 CFR 215.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  3. 2 CFR 215.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the...

  4. The role of personal values in children's costly sharing and non-costly giving.

    PubMed

    Abramson, Lior; Daniel, Ella; Knafo-Noam, Ariel

    2018-01-01

    This study examined whether children's values, global and abstract motivations serving as guiding principles, are organized similarly to those of adults, whether values can predict individual differences in children's sharing behaviors, and whether the normative nature of the situation influences the expression of these individual differences. Children (N=243, ages 5-12years) participated in a values ranking task as part of a visit to a science museum. The majority of children (n=150) also participated in a task examining costly sharing (i.e., sharing that results in giving up part of one's own resources) and non-costly giving (i.e., giving that does not influence one's own share). Starting from 5years of age, children showed a structure of values similar to that of adolescents and adults, specifically contrasting preferences for opposing values (i.e., self-transcendence with self-enhancement and openness to change with conservation). Importance given to self-transcendence values related positively to costly sharing but not to non-costly giving, indicating that in situations where it is more normative to share, individual differences in values are less expressed in children's actual sharing. In addition, children's sex and age moderated the relation between values and behavior. Children's values are an important aspect of their developing personalities. Taking them into consideration can greatly promote the research of prosocial and normative development as well as our understanding of individual differences in children's behavior. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Price elasticity and medication use: cost sharing across multiple clinical conditions.

    PubMed

    Gatwood, Justin; Gibson, Teresa B; Chernew, Michael E; Farr, Amanda M; Vogtmann, Emily; Fendrick, A Mark

    2014-11-01

    To address the impact that out-of-pocket prices may have on medication use, it is vital to understand how the demand for medications may be affected when patients are faced with changes in the price to acquire treatment and how price responsiveness differs across medication classes.  To examine the impact of cost-sharing changes on the demand for 8 classes of prescription medications. This was a retrospective database analysis of 11,550,363 commercially insured enrollees within the 2005-2009 MarketScan Database. Patient cost sharing, expressed as a price index for each medication class, was the main explanatory variable to examine the price elasticity of demand. Negative binomial fixed effect models were estimated to examine medication fills. The elasticity estimates reflect how use changes over time as a function of changes in copayments. Model estimates revealed that price elasticity of demand ranged from -0.015 to -0.157 within the 8 categories of medications (P  less than  0.01 for 7 of 8 categories). The price elasticity of demand for smoking deterrents was largest (-0.157, P  less than  0.0001), while demand for antiplatelet agents was not responsive to price (P  greater than 0.05). The price elasticity of demand varied considerably by medication class, suggesting that the influence of cost sharing on medication use may be related to characteristics inherent to each medication class or underlying condition.

  6. 75 FR 54590 - Notice of 2010 National Organic Certification Cost-Share Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    ...] Notice of 2010 National Organic Certification Cost-Share Program AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service... Certification Cost-Share Funds. The AMS has allocated $22.0 million for this organic certification cost-share... National Organic Certification Cost- Share Program is authorized under 7 U.S.C. 6523, as amended by section...

  7. The effects of patient cost sharing on inpatient utilization, cost, and outcome.

    PubMed

    Xu, Yuan; Li, Ning; Lu, Mingshan; Dixon, Elijah; Myers, Robert P; Jelley, Rachel J; Quan, Hude

    2017-01-01

    Health insurance and provider payment reforms all over the world beg a key empirical question: what are the potential impacts of patient cost-sharing on health care utilization, cost and outcomes? The unique health insurance system and rich electronic medical record (EMR) data in China provides us a unique opportunity to study this topic. Four years (2010 to 2014) of EMR data from one medical center in China were utilized, including 10,858 adult patients with liver diseases. We measured patient cost-sharing using actual reimbursement ratio (RR) which is allowed us to better capture financial incentive than using type of health insurance. A rigorous risk adjustment method was employed with both comorbidities and disease severity measures acting as risk adjustors. Associations between RR and health use, costs and outcome were analyzed by multivariate analyses. After risk adjustment, patients with more generous health insurance coverage (higher RR) were found to have longer hospital stay, higher total cost, higher medication cost, and higher ratio of medication to total cost, as well as higher number and likelihood that specific procedures were performed. Our study implied that patient cost-sharing affects health care services use and cost. This reflects how patients and physicians respond to financial incentives in the current healthcare system in China, and the responses could be a joint effect of both demand and supply side moral hazard. In order to contain cost and improve efficiency in the system, reforming provide payment and insurance scheme is urgently needed.

  8. 50 CFR 80.12 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS § 80.12 Cost sharing. Federal...

  9. 23 CFR 505.13 - Federal Government's share of project cost.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Federal Government's share of project cost. 505.13... Government's share of project cost. (a) Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and... eligible costs. (b) A FFGA for the project shall not exceed 80 percent of the eligible project cost. A...

  10. 23 CFR 505.13 - Federal Government's share of project cost.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Federal Government's share of project cost. 505.13... Government's share of project cost. (a) Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and... eligible costs. (b) A FFGA for the project shall not exceed 80 percent of the eligible project cost. A...

  11. 23 CFR 505.13 - Federal Government's share of project cost.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Federal Government's share of project cost. 505.13... Government's share of project cost. (a) Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and... eligible costs. (b) A FFGA for the project shall not exceed 80 percent of the eligible project cost. A...

  12. 23 CFR 505.13 - Federal Government's share of project cost.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Federal Government's share of project cost. 505.13... Government's share of project cost. (a) Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and... eligible costs. (b) A FFGA for the project shall not exceed 80 percent of the eligible project cost. A...

  13. 7 CFR 1484.50 - What cost share contributions are eligible?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... section, eligible contributions are: (1) Cash; (2) Compensation paid to personnel; (3) The cost of... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What cost share contributions are eligible? 1484.50... MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Contributions and Reimbursements § 1484.50 What cost share...

  14. 10 CFR 420.34 - Matching contributions or cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Matching contributions or cost-sharing. 420.34 Section 420.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Implementation of Special Projects Financial Assistance § 420.34 Matching contributions or cost-sharing. DOE may require (as set...

  15. 10 CFR 420.34 - Matching contributions or cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Matching contributions or cost-sharing. 420.34 Section 420.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Implementation of Special Projects Financial Assistance § 420.34 Matching contributions or cost-sharing. DOE may require (as set...

  16. 10 CFR 420.34 - Matching contributions or cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Matching contributions or cost-sharing. 420.34 Section 420.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Implementation of Special Projects Financial Assistance § 420.34 Matching contributions or cost-sharing. DOE may require (as set...

  17. 10 CFR 420.34 - Matching contributions or cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Matching contributions or cost-sharing. 420.34 Section 420.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Implementation of Special Projects Financial Assistance § 420.34 Matching contributions or cost-sharing. DOE may require (as set...

  18. 10 CFR 420.34 - Matching contributions or cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Matching contributions or cost-sharing. 420.34 Section 420.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Implementation of Special Projects Financial Assistance § 420.34 Matching contributions or cost-sharing. DOE may require (as set...

  19. 10 CFR 603.575 - Repayment of Federal cost share.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Repayment of Federal cost share. 603.575 Section 603.575 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Pre-Award Business Evaluation Accounting, Payments, and Recovery of Funds § 603.575 Repayment of Federal cost share...

  20. 36 CFR 230.43 - Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices. 230.43 Section 230.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE AND PRIVATE FORESTRY ASSISTANCE Forest Land Enhancement Program § 230.43 Cost-share...

  1. 36 CFR 230.43 - Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices. 230.43 Section 230.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE AND PRIVATE FORESTRY ASSISTANCE Forest Land Enhancement Program § 230.43 Cost-share...

  2. 36 CFR 230.43 - Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices. 230.43 Section 230.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE AND PRIVATE FORESTRY ASSISTANCE Forest Land Enhancement Program § 230.43 Cost-share...

  3. 36 CFR 230.43 - Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cost-share assistance-prohibited practices. 230.43 Section 230.43 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE AND PRIVATE FORESTRY ASSISTANCE Forest Land Enhancement Program § 230.43 Cost-share...

  4. 34 CFR 75.604 - Availability of cost-sharing funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Availability of cost-sharing funds. 75.604 Section 75... Must Be Met by a Grantee? Construction § 75.604 Availability of cost-sharing funds. A grantee shall... facility. (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3 and 3474) ...

  5. 34 CFR 658.41 - What are the cost-sharing requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are the cost-sharing requirements? 658.41 Section... PROGRAM What Conditions Must Be Met by a Grantee? § 658.41 What are the cost-sharing requirements? (a) The grantee's share may be derived from cash contributions from private sector corporations or foundations in...

  6. 42 CFR 447.70 - General alternative cost sharing protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General alternative cost sharing protections. 447.70 Section 447.70 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under...

  7. 42 CFR 447.70 - General alternative cost sharing protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General alternative cost sharing protections. 447.70 Section 447.70 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under...

  8. 42 CFR 447.70 - General alternative cost sharing protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General alternative cost sharing protections. 447.70 Section 447.70 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under...

  9. 42 CFR 447.70 - General alternative cost sharing protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General alternative cost sharing protections. 447.70 Section 447.70 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under...

  10. 48 CFR 3416.303 - Cost-sharing contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-sharing contracts. 3416.303 Section 3416.303 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES TYPES OF CONTRACTS Cost-Reimbursement Contracts 3416.303...

  11. 47 CFR 27.1166 - Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... licensed frequency band may seek full reimbursement through the clearinghouse of compensable costs, up to... are expected to act in good faith in satisfying the cost-sharing obligations under §§ 27.1160 through... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan. 27...

  12. 47 CFR 27.1166 - Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... licensed frequency band may seek full reimbursement through the clearinghouse of compensable costs, up to... are expected to act in good faith in satisfying the cost-sharing obligations under §§ 27.1160 through... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan. 27...

  13. Recent proposals to limit Medigap coverage and modify Medicare cost sharing.

    PubMed

    Linehan, Kathryn

    2012-02-24

    As policymakers look for savings from the Medicare program, some have proposed eliminating or discouraging "first-dollar coverage" available through privately purchased Medigap policies. Medigap coverage, which beneficiaries obtain to protect themselves from Medicare's cost-sharing requirements and its lack of a cap on out-of-pocket spending, may discourage the judicious use of medical services by reducing or eliminating beneficiary cost sharing. It is estimated that eliminating such coverage, which has been shown to be associated with higher Medicare spending, and requiring some cost sharing would encourage beneficiaries to reduce their service use and thus reduce pro­gram spending. However, eliminating first-dollar coverage could cause some beneficiaries to incur higher spending or forego necessary services. Some policy proposals to eliminate first-dollar coverage would also modify Medicare's cost sharing and add an out-of-pocket spending cap for fee-for-service Medicare. This paper discusses Medicare's current cost-sharing requirements, Medigap insurance, and proposals to modify Medicare's cost sharing and eliminate first-dollar coverage in Medigap plans. It reviews the evidence on the effects of first-dollar coverage on spending, some objections to eliminating first-dollar coverage, and results of research that has modeled the impact of eliminating first-dollar coverage, modifying Medicare's cost-sharing requirements, and adding an out-of-pocket limit on beneficiaries' spending.

  14. 44 CFR 206.47 - Cost-share adjustments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Cost-share adjustments. 206.47 Section 206.47 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE The Declaration Process § 206.47 Cost...

  15. 42 CFR 422.6 - Cost-sharing in enrollment-related costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM General Provisions § 422.6 Cost-sharing in... for the drug benefit). (c) Applicability. The fee assessment also applies to those demonstrations for...

  16. 10 CFR 600.30 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... requirement does not apply to: (1) An award under the small business innovation research program or the small..., taking into consideration any technological risk relating to the activity. (d) Cost share shall be...

  17. 47 CFR 27.1180 - The cost-sharing formula.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... § 27.1180 The cost-sharing formula. (a) An AWS licensee that relocates a BRS system with which it... forth in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) C is the actual cost of relocating the system, and includes... equipment; engineering costs (design/path survey); installation; systems testing; FCC filing costs; site...

  18. 45 CFR 2541.240 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost... costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  19. 45 CFR 2541.240 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost... costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  20. 45 CFR 2541.240 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost... costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  1. 45 CFR 2541.240 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost... costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  2. 45 CFR 2541.240 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost... costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  3. 76 FR 54999 - Notice of 2011 National Organic Certification Cost-Share Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-06

    ...] Notice of 2011 National Organic Certification Cost-Share Program AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service... for the National Organic Certification Cost- Share Program. SUMMARY: This Notice invites all States of...) for the allocation of National Organic Certification Cost-Share Funds. Beginning in Fiscal Year 2008...

  4. How Will the Affordable Care Act's Cost-Sharing Reductions Affect Consumers' Out-of-Pocket Costs in 2016?

    PubMed

    Collins, Sara R; Gunja, Munira; Beutel, Sophie

    2016-03-01

    Health insurers selling plans in the Affordable Care Act's market­places are required to reduce cost-sharing in silver plans for low- and moderate-income people earning between 100 percent and 250 percent of the federal pov­erty level. In 2016, as many as 7 million Americans may have plans with these cost-sharing reductions. In the largest markets in the 38 states using the federal website for marketplace enrollment, the cost-sharing reductions substantially lower projected out-of-pocket costs for people who qualify for them. However, the degree to which consumers' out-of-pocket spending will fall varies by plan and how much health care they use. This is because insurers use deductibles, out-of-pocket limits, and copayments in different combinations to lower cost-sharing for eligible enrollees. In 2017, marketplace insurers will have the option of offering standard plans, which may help simplify consumers' choices and lead to more equal cost-sharing.

  5. 10 CFR 470.16 - Cost sharing and funds from other sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost sharing and funds from other sources. 470.16 Section... § 470.16 Cost sharing and funds from other sources. Proposers are encouraged to offer to share in the... other entities to obtain supplemental funding. ...

  6. On Proportionate and Truthful International Alliance Contributions: An Analysis of IncentiveCompatible Cost Sharing Mechanisms to Burden Sharing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-03-23

    Therefore, the mecha- nism induces a stable cost sharing scheme wherein a subset of colluding players will not all benefit . In a subset of colluding...goods are not divisible and are not excludable. Cost sharing mechanisms specific to public goods have been researched extensively in the literature...Jackson & Moulin [1992] consider the sharing of cost for an indivisible public project among many players, and their work was extended by Bag [1997] to

  7. 14 CFR 1260.123 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If NASA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property for cost.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  8. 14 CFR 1260.123 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If NASA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property for cost.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  9. 14 CFR 1260.123 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If NASA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property for cost.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  10. 14 CFR 1260.123 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If NASA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property for cost.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  11. Patient cost sharing and medical expenditures for the Elderly.

    PubMed

    Fukushima, Kazuya; Mizuoka, Sou; Yamamoto, Shunsuke; Iizuka, Toshiaki

    2016-01-01

    Despite the rapidly aging population, relatively little is known about how cost sharing affects the elderly's medical spending. Exploiting longitudinal claims data and the drastic reduction of coinsurance from 30% to 10% at age 70 in Japan, we find that the elderly's demand responses are heterogeneous in ways that have not been previously reported. Outpatient services by orthopedic and eye specialties, which will continue to increase in an aging society, are particularly price responsive and account for a large share of the spending increase. Lower cost sharing increases demand for brand-name drugs but not for generics. These high price elasticities may call for different cost-sharing rules for these services. Patient health status also matters: receiving medical services appears more discretionary for the healthy than the sick in the outpatient setting. Finally, we found no evidence that additional medical spending improved short-term health outcomes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. 32 CFR 3.6 - Limitations on cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THAN CONTRACTS, GRANTS, OR COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS FOR PROTOTYPE PROJECTS § 3.6 Limitations on cost... prototype project and cost-sharing is the reason for using OT authority, then the non-Federal amounts... the OT agreement becomes effective. Costs that were incurred for a prototype project by the business...

  13. Social inequalities and pharmaceutical cost sharing in Italian regions.

    PubMed

    Terraneo, Marco; Sarti, Simone; Tognetti Bordogna, Mara

    2014-01-01

    In recent years, Italian citizens have increasingly been asked to share pharmaceutical costs, but at the same time, households' medicines expenditure has decreased. Cost-sharing policies have to be assessed not just in terms of limitation of moral hazard and revenue to the state, but also for equal opportunities for citizen users accessing health services. The aim of this article is to analyze how Italian co-payment policies ("ticket") on medicines may affect pharmaceutical expenditure of households, considering territorial and social groups variation. We reviewed the per capita private spending on medicines of Italian regions, separating pharmaceutical outlay and "ticket." Across the period 2001-2010 we found that the overall per capita private spending on medicines remained substantially stable, although medicine expenditure decreases while the "ticket" increases. When cost sharing rises, out-of-pocket spending on medicines by poorer families seems to remain unchanged; however, poorer families seem to reduce their pharmaceutical expenditure. Our analysis suggests that applying co-payment in Italy is partly successful, in terms of greater revenue to the health system, but in the last few years, cost-sharing increases would seem to have rebounded negatively on more vulnerable families, due to the economic crisis.

  14. 26 CFR 16A.126-1 - Certain cost-sharing payments-in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Certain cost-sharing payments-in general. 16A... CERTAIN CONSERVATION COST-SHARING PAYMENTS § 16A.126-1 Certain cost-sharing payments—in general. (a... average annual income derived from the affected property prior to receipt of the improvement or an amount...

  15. 26 CFR 16A.126-1 - Certain cost-sharing payments-in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Certain cost-sharing payments-in general. 16A... CERTAIN CONSERVATION COST-SHARING PAYMENTS § 16A.126-1 Certain cost-sharing payments—in general. (a... average annual income derived from the affected property prior to receipt of the improvement or an amount...

  16. 26 CFR 16A.126-1 - Certain cost-sharing payments-in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Certain cost-sharing payments-in general. 16A... CERTAIN CONSERVATION COST-SHARING PAYMENTS § 16A.126-1 Certain cost-sharing payments—in general. (a... average annual income derived from the affected property prior to receipt of the improvement or an amount...

  17. 38 CFR 43.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  18. 43 CFR 12.64 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  19. 7 CFR 3016.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  20. 36 CFR 1207.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  1. 40 CFR 31.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  2. 7 CFR 3016.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  3. 38 CFR 43.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  4. 43 CFR 12.64 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  5. 32 CFR 33.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  6. 7 CFR 3016.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  7. 43 CFR 12.64 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  8. 38 CFR 43.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  9. 32 CFR 33.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  10. 43 CFR 12.64 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  11. 40 CFR 31.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  12. 38 CFR 43.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  13. 40 CFR 31.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  14. 38 CFR 43.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  15. 7 CFR 3016.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  16. 7 CFR 3016.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  17. 32 CFR 33.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  18. 32 CFR 33.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  19. 32 CFR 33.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  20. 40 CFR 31.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  1. 36 CFR 1207.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  2. 43 CFR 12.64 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  3. 40 CFR 31.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  4. 36 CFR 1207.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  5. 15 CFR 24.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  6. 45 CFR 92.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  7. 14 CFR 1273.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  8. 29 CFR 1470.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  9. 45 CFR 92.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  10. 29 CFR 1470.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  11. 13 CFR 143.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  12. 29 CFR 1470.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  13. 45 CFR 92.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  14. 14 CFR 1273.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  15. 45 CFR 92.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  16. 45 CFR 92.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  17. 15 CFR 24.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  18. 13 CFR 143.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  19. 13 CFR 143.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  20. 13 CFR 143.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  1. 15 CFR 24.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  2. 14 CFR 1273.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  3. 15 CFR 24.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  4. 14 CFR 1273.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  5. 29 CFR 1470.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  6. 29 CFR 1470.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  7. 13 CFR 143.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost sharing or.... Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  8. 78 FR 5781 - Cost-Sharing Rates for Pharmacy Benefits Program of the TRICARE Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-28

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Cost-Sharing Rates for Pharmacy Benefits Program of... to cost-sharing rates to the TRICARE Pharmacy Benefits Program. SUMMARY: This notice is to advise interested parties of cost-sharing rate change for the Pharmacy Benefits Program. DATES: The cost-sharing...

  9. 23 CFR 505.13 - Federal Government's share of project cost.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS OF NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION AND RATING § 505.13 Federal Government's share of project cost. (a) Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Federal Government's share of project cost. 505.13...

  10. Visualisation and interaction design solutions to address specific demands in shared home care.

    PubMed

    Scandurra, Isabella; Hägglund, Maria; Koch, Sabine

    2006-01-01

    When care professionals from different organisations are involved in patient care, their different views on the care process may not be meaningfully integrated. To use visualisation and interaction design solutions addressing the specific demands of shared care in order to support a collaborative work process. Participatory design, comprising interdisciplinary seminar series with real users and iterative prototyping, was applied. A set of interaction and visualisation design solutions to address care professionals' requirements in shared home care is presented, introducing support for identifying origin of information, holistic presentation of information, user group specific visualisation, avoiding cognitive overload, coordination of work and planning, and quick overviews. The design solutions are implemented in an integrated virtual health record system supporting cooperation and coordination in shared home care for the elderly. The described requirements are, however, generalized to comprise all shared care work. The presented design considerations allow healthcare professionals in different organizations to share patient data on mobile devices. Visualization and interaction design facilitates specific work situations and assists in handling specific demands in shared care. The user interface is adapted to different user groups with similar yet distinct needs. Consequently different views supporting cooperative work and presenting shared information in holistic overviews are developed.

  11. Cost sharing and branded antidepressant initiation among patients treated with generics.

    PubMed

    Buxbaum, Jason D; Chernew, Michael E; Bonafede, Machaon; Vlahiotis, Anna; Walter, Deborah; Mucha, Lisa; Fendrick, A Mark

    2018-04-01

    To determine the relationship between consumer cost sharing for branded antidepressants and the initiation of branded therapy among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) filling a prescription for generic MDD medication.  Retrospective cross-sectional analyses. Patients aged 18 to 64 years with MDD who filled a generic antidepressant were identified in commercial claims data for 2012 to 2014. For each year-specific analysis, an average cost-sharing index for branded antidepressants at the level of the plan was computed. Multivariable models were used to estimate the relationship between plan-level cost sharing for branded antidepressant medications and the filling of branded prescriptions, with demographic and clinical variables as covariates. For patients with MDD filling a generic prescription, increases in branded cost sharing were associated with significant decreases in the likelihood of filling a branded antidepressant in each year (P <.001). Results in 2012 imply that a shift from the 0th to 90th percentile in the branded cost-sharing index corresponded with a 9.5% decrease in the relative likelihood of a branded fill among patients receiving a generic antidepressant. The corresponding figures for 2013 and 2014 were 9.3% and 3.5%, respectively. In MDD, patients and clinicians who dutifully adhere to guidelines requiring a trial of first-line medication may ultimately require therapy with alternate agents to achieve adequate disease control. A "reward the good soldier" benefit design would lower cost sharing for higher-tier evidence-based therapies when clinically indicated. Results suggest that narrowing the gap in cost sharing between branded and generic medications following a trial of a generic agent might improve access to second-line treatment in MDD.

  12. Cost Sharing-Just When I Thought I Knew All the Answers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Paoletti, Charles R.

    2000-01-01

    Discusses issues in the recent debate on cost sharing within the federal government-university partnership, the historical roots of cost sharing, and limitations on the recovery of costs under federally funded research. Notes that the Presidential Review Directive process is working toward a set of guiding principles and recommendations to enhance…

  13. 78 FR 5164 - Notice of Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-24

    ...] Notice of Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share Program AGENCY... Departments of Agriculture for the Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share Program... organic certification cost-share funds. The AMS has allocated $1.425 million for this organic...

  14. 10 CFR 455.102 - Energy conservation measure cost-share credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Energy conservation measure cost-share credit. 455.102 Section 455.102 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION GRANT PROGRAMS FOR SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS... Energy conservation measure cost-share credit. To the extent a State provides in its State Plan, DOE may...

  15. 10 CFR 455.102 - Energy conservation measure cost-share credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Energy conservation measure cost-share credit. 455.102 Section 455.102 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION GRANT PROGRAMS FOR SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS... Energy conservation measure cost-share credit. To the extent a State provides in its State Plan, DOE may...

  16. 10 CFR 455.102 - Energy conservation measure cost-share credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Energy conservation measure cost-share credit. 455.102 Section 455.102 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION GRANT PROGRAMS FOR SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS... Energy conservation measure cost-share credit. To the extent a State provides in its State Plan, DOE may...

  17. 76 FR 55000 - Notice of Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-06

    ...] Notice of Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share Program AGENCY... Departments of Agriculture for the Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share Program... organic certification cost-share funds. The AMS has allocated $1.5 million for this organic certification...

  18. Health benefits of reduced patient cost sharing in Japan.

    PubMed

    Nishi, Akihiro; McWilliams, J Michael; Noguchi, Haruko; Hashimoto, Hideki; Tamiya, Nanako; Kawachi, Ichiro

    2012-06-01

    To assess the effect on out-of-pocket medical spending and physical and mental health of Japan's reduction in health-care cost sharing from 30% to 10% when people turn 70 years of age. Study data came from a 2007 nationally-representative cross-sectional survey of 10 293 adults aged 64 to 75 years. Physical health was assessed using a 16-point scale based on self-reported data on general health, mobility, self-care, activities of daily living and pain. Mental health was assessed using a 24-point scale based on the Kessler-6 instrument for nonspecific psychological distress. The effect of reduced cost sharing was estimated using a regression discontinuity design. For adults aged 70 to 75 years whose income made them ineligible for reduced cost sharing, neither out-of-pocket spending nor health outcomes differed from the values expected on the basis of the trend observed in 64- to 69-year-olds. However, for eligible adults aged 70 to 75 years, out-of-pocket spending was significantly lower (P < 0.001) and mental health was significantly better (P < 0.001) than expected. These differences emerged abruptly at the age of 70 years. Moreover, the mental health benefits were similar in individuals who were and were not using health-care services (P = 0.502 for interaction). The improvement in physical health after the age of 70 years in adults eligible for reduced cost-sharing tended to be greater than in non-eligible adults (P = 0.084). Reduced cost sharing was associated with lower out-of-pocket medical spending and improved mental health in older Japanese adults.

  19. 10 CFR 605.13 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Cost sharing. 605.13 Section 605.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS THE OFFICE OF ENERGY RESEARCH FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM... evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 605.10(d)(5). ...

  20. 10 CFR 605.13 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cost sharing. 605.13 Section 605.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS THE OFFICE OF ENERGY RESEARCH FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM... evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 605.10(d)(5). ...

  1. 10 CFR 602.12 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Cost sharing. 602.12 Section 602.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OTHER HEALTH STUDIES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... the evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 602.9(d)(5). ...

  2. 10 CFR 602.12 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Cost sharing. 602.12 Section 602.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OTHER HEALTH STUDIES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... the evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 602.9(d)(5). ...

  3. 10 CFR 605.13 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost sharing. 605.13 Section 605.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS THE OFFICE OF ENERGY RESEARCH FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM... evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 605.10(d)(5). ...

  4. 10 CFR 605.13 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Cost sharing. 605.13 Section 605.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS THE OFFICE OF ENERGY RESEARCH FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM... evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 605.10(d)(5). ...

  5. 10 CFR 602.12 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Cost sharing. 602.12 Section 602.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OTHER HEALTH STUDIES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... the evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 602.9(d)(5). ...

  6. 10 CFR 605.13 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Cost sharing. 605.13 Section 605.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS THE OFFICE OF ENERGY RESEARCH FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM... evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 605.10(d)(5). ...

  7. 10 CFR 602.12 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cost sharing. 602.12 Section 602.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OTHER HEALTH STUDIES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... the evaluation and selection process unless otherwise provided under § 602.9(d)(5). ...

  8. 7 CFR 625.9 - 10-year restoration cost-share agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false 10-year restoration cost-share agreements. 625.9... CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES HEALTHY FORESTS RESERVE PROGRAM § 625.9 10-year restoration cost-share agreements. (a) The restoration plan developed under § 625.12 forms the basis for the...

  9. An Introduction to Cost Sharing: Why Good Deeds Do Not Go Unpunished.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Seligman, Richard P.

    2000-01-01

    Examines the concept of cost sharing between grantor agencies and grantee institutions and identifies problems encountered, including use of cost sharing to leverage funds by both funding agencies and grantee institutions; and various grantee institution costing, accounting, and auditing issues, such as effort reporting, the Cost Accounting…

  10. Trends in Cost-Sharing in the US and Potential International Implications

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taylor, Barrett J.; Morphew, Christopher C.

    2015-01-01

    "Cost­-sharing" refers to the principle that a variety of sources contribute to the cost of higher education. This study utilizes university-­level data from the United States to explore the increasing shift of cost burdens from governments to students. Panel regression results suggest that the share of expenditures drawn from tuition…

  11. 40 CFR 35.6235 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cost sharing. 35.6235 Section 35.6235 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Core Program...

  12. 40 CFR 35.6235 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cost sharing. 35.6235 Section 35.6235 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Core Program...

  13. 40 CFR 35.6235 - Cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cost sharing. 35.6235 Section 35.6235 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Core Program...

  14. Eliminating cost-sharing requirements for colon cancer screening in Medicare.

    PubMed

    Howard, David H; Guy, Gery P; Ekwueme, Donatus U

    2014-12-15

    Medicare beneficiaries do not have to pay for screening colonoscopies but must pay coinsurance if a polyp is removed via polypectomy. Likewise, beneficiaries do not have to pay for fecal occult blood tests but are liable for cost-sharing for diagnostic colonoscopies after a positive test. Legislative and regulatory requirements related to colorectal cancer screening are described, and on the basis of Medicare claims, it is estimated that Medicare spending would increase by $48 million annually if Medicare were to waive cost-sharing requirements for these services. The economic impact on Medicare if beneficiaries were not responsible for any cost-sharing requirements related to colorectal cancer screening services is described. © 2014 American Cancer Society.

  15. 14 CFR § 1273.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to the period to which the cost... costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind contributions may count... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  16. 34 CFR 74.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If the Secretary authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings, and...

  17. 34 CFR 74.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If the Secretary authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings, and...

  18. 34 CFR 74.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If the Secretary authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings, and...

  19. 22 CFR 226.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If USAID authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  20. 22 CFR 226.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If USAID authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  1. 34 CFR 74.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If the Secretary authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings, and...

  2. 22 CFR 226.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If USAID authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  3. 34 CFR 74.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If the Secretary authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings, and...

  4. 22 CFR 226.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... accordance with the applicable cost principles. If USAID authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  5. How do high cost-sharing policies for physician care affect total care costs among people with chronic disease?

    PubMed

    Xin, Haichang; Harman, Jeffrey S; Yang, Zhou

    2014-01-01

    This study examines whether high cost-sharing in physician care is associated with a differential impact on total care costs by health status. Total care includes physician care, emergency room (ER) visits and inpatient care. Since high cost-sharing policies can reduce needed care as well as unneeded care use, it raises the concern whether these policies are a good strategy for controlling costs among chronically ill patients. This study used the 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data with a cross-sectional study design. Difference in difference (DID), instrumental variable technique, two-part model, and bootstrap technique were employed to analyze cost data. Chronically ill individuals' probability of reducing any overall care costs was significantly less than healthier individuals (beta = 2.18, p = 0.04), while the integrated DID estimator from split results indicated that going from low cost-sharing to high cost-sharing significantly reduced costs by $12,853.23 more for sick people than for healthy people (95% CI: -$17,582.86, -$8,123.60). This greater cost reduction in total care among sick people likely resulted from greater cost reduction in physician care, and may have come at the expense of jeopardizing health outcomes by depriving patients of needed care. Thus, these policies would be inappropriate in the short run, and unlikely in the long run to control health plans costs among chronically ill individuals. A generous benefit design with low cost-sharing policies in physician care or primary care is recommended for both health plans and chronically ill individuals, to save costs and protect these enrollees' health status.

  6. How Low-Income Subsidy Recipients Respond to Medicare Part D Cost Sharing.

    PubMed

    Stuart, Bruce; Hendrick, Franklin B; Xu, Jing; Dougherty, J Samantha

    2017-06-01

    To determine the magnitude and mechanisms of response to Medicare Part D cost sharing by low-income subsidy (LIS) recipients using oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and statins. Medicare data for a 5 percent random sample of beneficiaries with diabetes enrolled in fee-for-service Part D drug plans in 2008. We evaluated the impact of differences between generic and brand cost sharing rates among cohorts of LIS and non-LIS recipients to determine if wider price spreads increased the generic dispensing rate (GDR) and reduced total drug use and cost. We found little association between cost sharing and aggregate OHA and statin use. In adjusted analyses, non-LIS beneficiaries who paid 46 percent of total OHA costs had 2.5 percent fewer OHA days supply than full benefit dual eligibles who paid just 5 percent of their therapy costs. For statins, the difference in days supply between those facing the lowest and highest cost sharing was 4.6 percent. Higher cost sharing was associated with filling fewer but larger prescriptions for both generics and brands. Higher generic and brand copays had little association with OHA and statin use among LIS recipients. This implies that modest changes in required cost sharing for these medicines would have very little substantive impact on generic dispensing or utilization patterns among LIS recipients and thus would have little effect on total program spending. At the same time, any increases in out-of-pocket costs would be expected to shift costs and place greater financial burden on low-income beneficiaries, particularly those in poor health. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  7. 32 CFR 37.550 - May I accept intellectual property as cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the same cost of lost opportunity to a recipient as contributions of cash or tangible assets. The... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May I accept intellectual property as cost... Cost Sharing § 37.550 May I accept intellectual property as cost sharing? (a) In most instances, you...

  8. 24 CFR 84.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... applicable cost principles. If HUD authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  9. 24 CFR 84.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... applicable cost principles. If HUD authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  10. 20 CFR 435.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... SSA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  11. 20 CFR 435.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... SSA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  12. 20 CFR 435.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... SSA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  13. 24 CFR 84.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... applicable cost principles. If HUD authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  14. 24 CFR 84.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... applicable cost principles. If HUD authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  15. 20 CFR 435.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... SSA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  16. 20 CFR 435.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... SSA authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  17. 24 CFR 84.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... applicable cost principles. If HUD authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  18. Carbon Emission Reduction with Capital Constraint under Greening Financing and Cost Sharing Contract.

    PubMed

    Qin, Juanjuan; Zhao, Yuhui; Xia, Liangjie

    2018-04-13

    Motivated by the industrial practices, this work explores the carbon emission reductions for the manufacturer, while taking into account the capital constraint and the cap-and-trade regulation. To alleviate the capital constraint, two contracts are analyzed: greening financing and cost sharing. We use the Stackelberg game to model four cases as follows: (1) in Case A1, the manufacturer has no greening financing and no cost sharing; (2) in Case A2, the manufacturer has greening financing, but no cost sharing; (3) in Case B1, the manufacturer has no greening financing but has cost sharing; and, (4) in Case B2, the manufacturer has greening financing and cost sharing. Then, using the backward induction method, we derive and compare the equilibrium decisions and profits of the participants in the four cases. We find that the interest rate of green finance does not always negatively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. Meanwhile, the cost sharing from the retailer does not always positively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. When the cost sharing is low, both of the participants' profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are not less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance). When the cost sharing is high, both of the participants' profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance).

  19. Carbon Emission Reduction with Capital Constraint under Greening Financing and Cost Sharing Contract

    PubMed Central

    Qin, Juanjuan; Zhao, Yuhui; Xia, Liangjie

    2018-01-01

    Motivated by the industrial practices, this work explores the carbon emission reductions for the manufacturer, while taking into account the capital constraint and the cap-and-trade regulation. To alleviate the capital constraint, two contracts are analyzed: greening financing and cost sharing. We use the Stackelberg game to model four cases as follows: (1) in Case A1, the manufacturer has no greening financing and no cost sharing; (2) in Case A2, the manufacturer has greening financing, but no cost sharing; (3) in Case B1, the manufacturer has no greening financing but has cost sharing; and, (4) in Case B2, the manufacturer has greening financing and cost sharing. Then, using the backward induction method, we derive and compare the equilibrium decisions and profits of the participants in the four cases. We find that the interest rate of green finance does not always negatively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. Meanwhile, the cost sharing from the retailer does not always positively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. When the cost sharing is low, both of the participants’ profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are not less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance). When the cost sharing is high, both of the participants’ profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance). PMID:29652859

  20. Assessment of cost sharing in the Pima County Marketplace.

    PubMed

    Jennings, Nicholas B; Eng, Howard J

    2017-01-01

    The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act established health insurance marketplaces to allow consumers to make educated decisions about their health care coverage. During the first open enrollment period in 2013, the federally facilitated marketplace in Pima County, Arizona listed 119 plans, making it one of the most competitive markets in the country. This study compares these plans based on differences in consumer cost sharing, including deductibles, co-pays and premiums. Consumer costs were reviewed using specific cases including a normal delivery pregnancy, the management of Type II Diabetes, and the utilization of specialty drugs to treat Hepatitis C. Total cost of care was calculated as the cost of managing the condition or event plus the cost of monthly premiums, evaluated as a single individual age 27. Evaluating a plan on premium alone is not sufficient as cost sharing can dramatically raise the cost of care. A rating system and better cost transparency tools could provider easier access to pertinent information for consumers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. High deductible health plans: does cost sharing stimulate increased consumer sophistication?

    PubMed

    Gupta, Neal; Polsky, Daniel

    2015-06-01

    To determine whether increased cost sharing in health insurance plans induces higher levels of consumer sophistication in a non-elderly population. This analysis is based on the collection of survey and demographic data collected from enrollees in the RAND health insurance experiment (HIE). During the RAND HIE, enrollees were randomly assigned to different levels of cost sharing (0, 25, 50 and 95%). The study population compromises about 2000 people enrolled in the RAND HIE, between the years 1974 and 1982. Effects on health-care decision making were measured using the results of a standardized questionnaire, administered at the beginning and end of the experiment. Points of enquiry included whether or not enrollees' (i) recognized the need for second opinions (ii) questioned the effectiveness of certain therapies and (iii) researched the background/skill of their medical providers. Consumer sophistication was also measured for regular health-care consumers, as indicated by the presence of a chronic disease. We found no statically significant changes (P < 0.05) in the health-care decision-making strategies between individuals randomized to high cost sharing plans and low cost sharing plans. Furthermore, we did not find a stronger effect for patients with a chronic disease. The evidence from the RAND HIE does not support the hypothesis that a higher level of cost sharing incentivizes the development of consumer sophistication. As a result, cost sharing alone will not promote individuals to become more selective in their health-care decision-making. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  2. 47 CFR 27.1180 - The cost-sharing formula.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... system with which it interferes is entitled to pro rata reimbursement based on the cost-sharing formula... system, and includes, but is not limited to, such items as: Radio terminal equipment (TX and/or RX...; monitoring or control equipment; engineering costs (design/path survey); installation; systems testing; FCC...

  3. 22 CFR 518.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... applicable cost principles. If a Federal awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property...

  4. 22 CFR 518.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... applicable cost principles. If a Federal awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property...

  5. 15 CFR 14.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    .... If DoC authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  6. 15 CFR 14.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... If DoC authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  7. 22 CFR 518.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... applicable cost principles. If a Federal awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property...

  8. 22 CFR 518.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... applicable cost principles. If a Federal awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property...

  9. 15 CFR 14.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    .... If DoC authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  10. 15 CFR 14.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    .... If DoC authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  11. 22 CFR 518.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. (2... applicable cost principles. If a Federal awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property...

  12. 15 CFR 14.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    .... If DoC authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition... acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost... method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which...

  13. Addressing Challenges to the Shared Use of School Recreational Facilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spengler, John O.; Connaughton, Daniel P.; Carroll, Michael S.

    2011-01-01

    The shared use of school recreational facilities holds the potential to offer activity opportunities for many people, especially those in low-income, minority, and under-resourced communities. School facilities are usually easily accessible and offer safe, free or low cost, and convenient recreation and sport opportunities. However, a number of…

  14. 48 CFR 1516.303-73 - Types of cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., cost matching, or other in-kind contributions. (b) In-kind contributions represent non-cash... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Types of cost-sharing. 1516... CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES TYPES OF CONTRACTS Cost-Reimbursement Contracts 1516.303-73 Types of...

  15. 33 CFR 241.5 - Procedures for estimating the alternative cost-share.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FLOOD CONTROL COST-SHARING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ABILITY TO PAY.... Determine the maximum possible reduction in the level of non-Federal cost-sharing for any project. (1) Calculate the ratio of flood control benefits (developed using the Water Resources Council's Principles and...

  16. 33 CFR 241.5 - Procedures for estimating the alternative cost-share.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FLOOD CONTROL COST-SHARING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ABILITY TO PAY.... Determine the maximum possible reduction in the level of non-Federal cost-sharing for any project. (1) Calculate the ratio of flood control benefits (developed using the Water Resources Council's Principles and...

  17. 33 CFR 241.5 - Procedures for estimating the alternative cost-share.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FLOOD CONTROL COST-SHARING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ABILITY TO PAY.... Determine the maximum possible reduction in the level of non-Federal cost-sharing for any project. (1) Calculate the ratio of flood control benefits (developed using the Water Resources Council's Principles and...

  18. 33 CFR 241.5 - Procedures for estimating the alternative cost-share.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FLOOD CONTROL COST-SHARING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ABILITY TO PAY.... Determine the maximum possible reduction in the level of non-Federal cost-sharing for any project. (1) Calculate the ratio of flood control benefits (developed using the Water Resources Council's Principles and...

  19. 33 CFR 241.5 - Procedures for estimating the alternative cost-share.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FLOOD CONTROL COST-SHARING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ABILITY TO PAY.... Determine the maximum possible reduction in the level of non-Federal cost-sharing for any project. (1) Calculate the ratio of flood control benefits (developed using the Water Resources Council's Principles and...

  20. 47 CFR 27.1180 - The cost-sharing formula.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...-sharing formula. (a) An AWS licensee that relocates a BRS system with which it interferes is entitled to... this section. (b) C is the actual cost of relocating the system, and includes, but is not limited to... (design/path survey); installation; systems testing; FCC filing costs; site acquisition and civil works...

  1. 47 CFR 27.1180 - The cost-sharing formula.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...-sharing formula. (a) An AWS licensee that relocates a BRS system with which it interferes is entitled to... this section. (b) C is the actual cost of relocating the system, and includes, but is not limited to... (design/path survey); installation; systems testing; FCC filing costs; site acquisition and civil works...

  2. 32 CFR 32.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 32.23 Section 32.23 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) Are allowable under the applicable cost...

  3. 32 CFR 32.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 32.23 Section 32.23 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) Are allowable under the applicable cost...

  4. 32 CFR 32.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 32.23 Section 32.23 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) Are allowable under the applicable cost...

  5. 32 CFR 32.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 32.23 Section 32.23 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) Are allowable under the applicable cost...

  6. 32 CFR 32.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 32.23 Section 32.23 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) Are allowable under the applicable cost...

  7. Trends in cost sharing among selected high income countries--2000-2010.

    PubMed

    Hossein, Zare; Gerard, Anderson

    2013-09-01

    Many high income countries increased their level of patient cost sharing between 2000 and 2010 as one component of their policy agenda to reduce the level of health care spending. We use data from the OECD, European Observatory, and country-specific resources to analyze trends in the UK, Germany, Japan, France, and the United States. Some forms of cost sharing-deductibles, co-insurance, or co-payments-increased in all these countries, with the highest rates of increase occurring in the pharmaceutical sector. In spite of higher levels of cost-sharing, out-of-pocket spending as a percentage of total spending remained unchanged in most of these countries because they instituted programs to protect certain categories of individuals by creating out-of-pocket limits, exempting people with certain chronic diseases, or eliminating cost sharing for certain demographic groups and low-income people. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  8. How low can you go? The impact of reduced benefits and increased cost sharing.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jason S; Tollen, Laura

    2002-01-01

    Amid escalating health care costs and a managed care backlash, employers are considering traditional cost control methods from the pre-managed care era. We use an actuarial model to estimate the premium-reducing effects of two such methods: increasing employee cost sharing and reducing benefits. Starting from a baseline plan with rich benefits and low cost sharing, estimated premium savings as a result of eliminating five specific benefits were about 22 percent. The same level of savings was also achieved by increasing cost sharing from a 15 dollars copayment with no deductible to 20 percent coinsurance and a 250 dollars deductible. Further increases in cost sharing produced estimated savings of up to 50 percent. We discuss possible market- and individual-level effects of the proliferation of plans with high cost sharing and low benefits.

  9. 36 CFR § 1207.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  10. 41 CFR 105-71.124 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  11. 41 CFR 105-71.124 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  12. 41 CFR 105-71.124 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  13. 41 CFR 105-71.124 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  14. 41 CFR 105-71.124 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind contributions applicable to... towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third party in-kind... records of grantees and subgrantee or cost-type contractors. These records must show how the value placed...

  15. 7 CFR 1410.41 - Levels and rates for cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Levels and rates for cost-share payments. 1410.41... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM § 1410.41 Levels and rates for cost-share payments. (a) As determined by the Deputy Administrator, CCC...

  16. 44 CFR 13.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  17. 29 CFR 97.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  18. 45 CFR 1157.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  19. 44 CFR 13.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  20. 24 CFR 85.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  1. 45 CFR 1157.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  2. 29 CFR 97.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  3. 29 CFR 97.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  4. 49 CFR 18.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  5. 49 CFR 18.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  6. 29 CFR 97.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  7. 49 CFR 18.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  8. 24 CFR 85.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  9. 29 CFR 97.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  10. 34 CFR 80.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  11. 44 CFR 13.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  12. 24 CFR 85.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  13. 44 CFR 13.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  14. 34 CFR 80.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  15. 44 CFR 13.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  16. 24 CFR 85.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  17. 34 CFR 80.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  18. 34 CFR 80.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  19. 24 CFR 85.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  20. 45 CFR 1157.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  1. 49 CFR 18.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  2. 45 CFR 1157.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  3. 34 CFR 80.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent feasible...

  4. 45 CFR 1157.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third party in-kind... contributions counted towards other Federal costs-sharing requirements. Neither costs nor the values of third... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  5. 78 FR 52131 - Notice of Funds Availability: Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-22

    ...] Notice of Funds Availability: Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost-Share Program... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This Organic Certification Cost-Share Program is part of the Agricultural Management... Wyoming. The AMS has allocated $1,352,850 for this organic certification cost- share program in Fiscal...

  6. Consumer cost sharing and use of biopharmaceuticals for rheumatoid arthritis.

    PubMed

    Robinson, James C

    2013-06-01

    To evaluate the effect of consumer cost sharing on use of physician-administered and patient self-administered specialty drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Multivariate statistical analysis of probability and use of physician-administered specialty drugs, patient self-injected specialty drugs, non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and symptom relief drugs. Analyses were conducted for patients enrolling in preferred provider organization (PPO) plans and health maintenance organization (HMO) plans with different cost-sharing requirements, adjusted for patient demographics, health status, and geographical location. Professional, facility, and pharmaceutical claims for beneficiaries of CalPERS, the public employee insurance purchasing alliance in California, for 2008-2009. Consumer cost-sharing requirements were obtained for each type of drug and service for each type of insurance plan. PPO insurance enrollees face substantially higher cost sharing for physician-administered specialty drugs, compared with HMO enrollees in CalPERS. PPO patients with rheumatoid arthritis are only half as likely as HMO enrollees to choose a physician-administered specialty drug (4.2% vs 9.3%) (P ≤.05), and use 25% less of the drugs if they use any ($10,356 vs $13,678) (P ≤.05). They are 30% more likely to use a self-administered specialty drug than are HMO enrollees (29.3% vs 22.1%) (P ≤.05), and use 35% more of the drugs if any ($16,015 vs $12,378) (P ≤.05). Consumer cost sharing reduces the use of physician-administered specialty drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. The higher use of patient self-administered specialty drugs suggests that the disincentives for use of physician-administered drugs were offset by an increased incentive to use self-administered drugs.

  7. The Role of Medicare's Inpatient Cost-Sharing in Medicaid Entry.

    PubMed

    Keohane, Laura M; Trivedi, Amal N; Mor, Vincent

    2018-04-01

    To isolate the effect of greater inpatient cost-sharing on Medicaid entry among Medicare beneficiaries. Medicare administrative data (years 2007-2010) were linked to nursing home assessments and area-level socioeconomic indicators. Medicare beneficiaries who are readmitted to a hospital must pay an additional deductible ($1,100 in 2010) if their readmission occurs more than 59 days following discharge. In a regression discontinuity analysis, we take advantage of this Medicare benefit feature to test whether beneficiaries with greater cost-sharing have higher rates of Medicaid enrollment. We identified 221,248 Medicare beneficiaries with an initial hospital stay and a readmission 53-59 days later (no deductible) or 60-66 days later (charged a deductible). Among beneficiaries in low-socioeconomic areas with two hospitalizations, those readmitted 60-66 days after discharge were 21 percent more likely to join Medicaid compared with those readmitted 53-59 days following their initial hospitalization (absolute difference in adjusted risk of Medicaid entry: 3.7 percent vs. 3.1 percent, p = .01). Increasing Medicare cost-sharing requirements may promote Medicaid enrollment among low-income beneficiaries. Potential savings from an increased cost-sharing in the Medicare program may be offset by increased Medicaid participation. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  8. Does a One-Size-Fits-All Cost-Sharing Approach Incentivize Appropriate Medication Use? A Roundtable on the Fairness and Ethics Associated with Variable Cost Sharing.

    PubMed

    Graff, Jennifer S; Shih, Chuck; Barker, Thomas; Dieguez, Gabriela; Larson, Cheryl; Sherman, Helen; Dubois, Robert W

    2017-06-01

    Tiered formularies, in which patients pay copays or coinsurance out-of-pocket (OOP), are used to manage costs and encourage more efficient health care resource use. Formulary tiers are typically based on the cost of treatment rather than the medical appropriateness for the patient. Cost sharing may have unintended consequences on treatment adherence and health outcomes. Use of higher-cost, higher-tier medications can be due to a variety of factors, including unsuccessful treatment because of lack of efficacy or side effects, patient clinical or genetic characteristics, patient preferences to avoid potential side effects, or patient preferences based on the route of administration. For example, patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be required to fail low-cost generic treatments before obtaining coverage for a higher-tier tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor for which they would have a larger financial burden. Little is known about stakeholders' views on the acceptability of greater patient cost sharing if the individual patient characteristics lead to the higher-cost treatments. To identify and discuss the trade-offs associated with variable cost sharing in pharmacy benefits. To discuss the trade-offs associated with variable cost sharing in pharmacy benefits, we convened an expert roundtable of patient, payer, and employer representatives (panelists). Panelists reviewed background white papers, including an ethics framework; actuarial analysis; legal review; and stakeholder perspectives representing health plan, employer, and patient views. Using case studies, panelists were asked to consider (a) when it would be more (or less) acceptable to require higher cost sharing; (b) the optimal distribution of financial burdens across patients, all plan members, and employers; and (c) the existing barriers and potential solutions to align OOP costs with medically appropriate treatments. Panelists felt it was least acceptable for patients to have greater OOP costs if the

  9. 44 CFR 206.47 - Cost-share adjustments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cost-share adjustments. 206.47 Section 206.47 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE The Declaration Process § 206.47...

  10. 44 CFR 206.47 - Cost-share adjustments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cost-share adjustments. 206.47 Section 206.47 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE The Declaration Process § 206.47...

  11. 44 CFR 206.47 - Cost-share adjustments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-share adjustments. 206.47 Section 206.47 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE The Declaration Process § 206.47...

  12. 44 CFR 206.47 - Cost-share adjustments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cost-share adjustments. 206.47 Section 206.47 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE The Declaration Process § 206.47...

  13. 23 CFR 646.210 - Classification of projects and railroad share of the cost.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Classification of projects and railroad share of the... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad-Highway Projects § 646.210 Classification of projects and railroad share of the cost. (a) State laws requiring railroads to share in the cost of work for...

  14. Extrinsic Rewards Diminish Costly Sharing in 3-Year-Olds.

    PubMed

    Ulber, Julia; Hamann, Katharina; Tomasello, Michael

    2016-07-01

    Two studies investigated the influence of external rewards and social praise in young children's fairness-related behavior. The motivation of ninety-six 3-year-olds' to equalize unfair resource allocations was measured in three scenarios (collaboration, windfall, and dictator game) following three different treatments (material reward, verbal praise, and neutral response). In all scenarios, children's willingness to engage in costly sharing was negatively influenced when they had received a reward for equal sharing during treatment than when they had received praise or no reward. The negative effect of material rewards was not due to subjects responding in kind to their partner's termination of rewards. These results provide new evidence for the intrinsic motivation of prosociality-in this case, costly sharing behavior-in preschool children. © 2016 The Authors. Child Development © 2016 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

  15. 47 CFR 27.1160 - Cost-sharing requirements for AWS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cost-sharing requirements for AWS. 27.1160...-sharing requirements for AWS. Frequencies in the 2110-2150 MHz and 2160-2180 MHz bands listed in § 101.147 of this chapter have been reallocated from Fixed Microwave Services (FMS) to use by AWS (as reflected...

  16. 47 CFR 27.1160 - Cost-sharing requirements for AWS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-sharing requirements for AWS. 27.1160...-sharing requirements for AWS. Frequencies in the 2110-2150 MHz and 2160-2180 MHz bands listed in § 101.147 of this chapter have been reallocated from Fixed Microwave Services (FMS) to use by AWS (as reflected...

  17. 32 CFR 37.535 - How do I value cost sharing related to real property or equipment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How do I value cost sharing related to real... Evaluation Cost Sharing § 37.535 How do I value cost sharing related to real property or equipment? You rarely should accept values for cost sharing contributions of real property or equipment that are in...

  18. 7 CFR 631.12 - Cost-share payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... resource management systems or a practice or an identifiable unit according to specifications will be made... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost-share payments. 631.12 Section 631.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

  19. Consumer cost sharing in private health insurance: on the threshold of change.

    PubMed

    Goff, Veronica

    2004-05-14

    Employers are asking employees to pay more for health care through higher premium contributions, share of contribution, and out-of-pocket maximums, along with variations in deductibles, co-pays, and coinsurance based on choice of providers, networks, drugs, and other services. This issue brief examines consumer cost-sharing trends in private insurance, discusses the outlook for cost sharing in employment-based benefits, and considers public policies to support health care markets for consumers.

  20. Effects of cost sharing on seeking outpatient care: a propensity-matched study in Germany and Switzerland.

    PubMed

    Huber, Carola A; Rüesch, Peter; Mielck, Andreas; Böcken, Jan; Rosemann, Thomas; Meyer, Peter C

    2012-08-01

    Several studies have assessed the effect of cost sharing on health service utilization (HSU), mostly in the USA. Results are heterogeneous, showing different effects. Whereas previous studies compared insurants within one health care system but different modes of insurance, we aimed at comparing two different health care systems in Europe: Germany and Switzerland. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of cost sharing depending on socio-demographic factors as well as health status. Two representative samples of 5197 Swiss insurants with and 5197 German insurants without cost sharing were used to assess the independent association between cost sharing and the use of outpatient care. To minimize confounding, we performed cross-sectional analyses between propensity score matched Swiss and German insurants. We investigated subgroups according to health and socio-economic status to assess a potential social gradient in HSU. We found a significant association between health insurance scheme and the use of outpatient services. German insurants without cost sharing (visit rate: 4.8 per year) consulted a general practitioner or specialist more frequently than Swiss insurants with cost sharing (visit rate: 3.0 per year; P < 0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that vulnerable populations were differently affected by cost sharing. In the group of respondents with poor health and low socio-economic status, the cost-sharing effect was strongest. Cost-sharing models reduce HSU. The challenge is to create cost-sharing models which do not preclude vulnerable populations from seeking essential health care. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  1. Impact of cost sharing on prescription drugs used by Medicare beneficiaries.

    PubMed

    Goedken, Amber M; Urmie, Julie M; Farris, Karen B; Doucette, William R

    2010-06-01

    Incentive-based prescription drug cost sharing can encourage seniors to use generic medications. Little information exists about prescription drug cost sharing and generic use in employer-sponsored plans after the implementation of Medicare Part D. To compare prescription drug cost sharing across prescription insurance type for Medicare beneficiaries after Medicare Part D, to assess the impact of that cost sharing on the number of medications used, and to examine how generic utilization rates differ before and after Medicare Part D and across the type of insurance. This longitudinal study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older used Web-based surveys administered in 2005 and 2007 by Harris Interactive((R)) to collect information on prescription drug coverage and medication use. Co-payment plans were categorized as low, medium, or high co-payment plans. Multiple regression was used to assess the impact of co-payment rank on the number of prescription drugs. t-Tests and analysis of variance were used to compare generic use over time and between coverage types. One thousand two hundred twenty and 1024 respondents completed the baseline and follow-up surveys, respectively. Among 3-tier co-payment plans, brand drug co-payments were higher for Part D plans ($26 for preferred brand and $55 for nonpreferred brand) than employer-based plans ($20 for preferred brand and $39 for nonpreferred brand). Co-payment was not a significant predictor for the number of prescription drugs. Generic use was lowest among beneficiaries in employer plans both before and after Part D. In 2007, generic use among beneficiaries with Part D was not significantly different from the generic use for beneficiaries with no drug coverage. Medicare beneficiaries in Part D had higher cost sharing amounts than those with employer coverage, but higher cost sharing was not significantly linked to lower prescription use. Generic use for Part D beneficiaries was higher than that for beneficiaries

  2. 10 CFR 603.530 - Acceptable cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...-kind contributions that meet all of the following criteria. (a) In the contracting officer's judgment, they represent meaningful cost sharing that demonstrates the recipient's commitment to the success of..., as described in 48 CFR part 31.208-18, that meet all of the criteria in paragraphs (a) through (e) of...

  3. Cost Sharing in Education: Public Finance, School and Household Perspectives. Education Research Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Penrose, Perran

    This report examines cost sharing, a term that combines the concepts of direct-cost recovery and indirect contributions from pupils, their parents, and sponsors. Such contributions may be voluntary, quasi-compulsory, or even compulsory. For the study reported here, cost sharing is used when the subject under discussion is not restricted to…

  4. 26 CFR 16A.126-1 - Certain cost-sharing payments-in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... CERTAIN CONSERVATION COST-SHARING PAYMENTS § 16A.126-1 Certain cost-sharing payments—in general. (a... certain conservation, reclamation and restoration programs may exclude all or a portion of those payments... purposes of conservation, (iii) Any government payment to the taxpayer which is in the nature of rent or...

  5. Impact of Cost-Sharing Increases on Continuity of Specialty Drug Use: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

    PubMed

    Li, Pengxiang; Hu, Tianyan; Yu, Xinyan; Chahin, Salim; Dahodwala, Nabila; Blum, Marissa; Pettit, Amy R; Doshi, Jalpa A

    2017-07-24

    To examine the impact of cost-sharing increases on continuity of specialty drug use in Medicare beneficiaries with multiple sclerosis (MS) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Five percent Medicare claims data (2007-2010). Quasi-experimental study examining changes in specialty drug use among a group of Medicare Part D beneficiaries without low-income subsidies (non-LIS) as they transitioned from a 5 percent cost-sharing preperiod to a ≥25 percent cost-sharing postperiod, as compared to changes among a disease-matched contemporaneous control group of patients eligible for full low-income subsidies (LIS), who faced minor cost sharing (≤$6.30 copayment) in both the pre- and postperiods. Key variables were extracted from Medicare data. Relative to the LIS group, the non-LIS group had a greater increase in incidence of 30-day continuous gaps in any Part D treatment from the lower cost-sharing period to the higher cost-sharing period (MS, absolute increase = 10.1 percent, OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.19-2.17; RA, absolute increase = 21.9 percent, OR = 2.75, 95% CI 2.15-3.51). The increase in Part D treatment gaps was not offset by increased Part B specialty drug use. Cost-sharing increases due to specialty tier-level cost sharing were associated with interruptions in MS and RA specialty drug treatments. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  6. Lack of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses to Address Healthy People 2020 Priority Areas.

    PubMed

    Neumann, Peter J; Farquhar, Megan; Wilkinson, Colby L; Lowry, Mackenzie; Gold, Marthe

    2016-12-01

    To examine the extent to which recently published cost-utility analyses (cost-effectiveness analyses using quality-adjusted life-years to measure health benefits) have covered the leading health concerns in the US Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2020 report. We examined data in the Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, a database containing 5000 published cost-utility analyses published in the MEDLINE literature through 2014. We focused on US-based cost-utility analyses published from 2011 through 2014 (n = 687). Two reviewers scanned abstracts and met for a consensus on categorization of cost-utility analyses that addressed the specific priorities listed in the 12 Healthy People 2020 areas (n = 120). Although 7.3% of recently published cost-utility analyses addressed key clinical preventive services, only about 2% of recently published cost-utility analyses covered each of the following Healthy People 2020 topics: reproductive and sexual health, nutrition/physical activity/obesity, maternal and infant health, and tobacco. Fewer than 1% addressed priorities such as injuries and violence, mental health or substance abuse, environmental quality, and oral health. Few cost-utility analyses have addressed Healthy People 2020 priority areas.

  7. Communal Sharing and the Provision of Low-Volume High-Cost Health Services: Results of a Survey.

    PubMed

    Richardson, Jeff; Iezzi, Angelo; Chen, Gang; Maxwell, Aimee

    2017-03-01

    This paper suggests and tests a reason why the public might support the funding of services for rare diseases (SRDs) when the services are effective but not cost effective, i.e. when more health could be produced by allocating funds to other services. It is postulated that the fairness of funding a service is influenced by a comparison of the average patient benefit with the average cost to those who share the cost. Survey respondents were asked to allocate a budget between cost-effective services that had a small effect upon a large number of relatively well patients and SRDs that benefited a small number of severely ill patients but were not cost effective because of their high cost. Part of the budget was always allocated to the SRDs. The budget share rose with the number sharing the cost. Sharing per se appears to characterise preferences. This has been obscured in studies that focus upon cost per patient rather than cost per person sharing the cost.

  8. Cost Sharing in Higher Education in Kenya: Examining the Undesired Policy Outcomes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ngolovoi, Mary S.

    2010-01-01

    Cost sharing in higher education is a policy that comes from the United States. The policy advocates that costs of higher education should be shared between the government, parents, students and/or donor organizations. Proponents of the policy (such as the World Bank) have over the years been advocating for its implementation in African countries.…

  9. Evolution of cooperation with shared costs and benefits

    PubMed Central

    Brown, Joel S; Vincent, Thomas L

    2008-01-01

    The quest to determine how cooperation evolves can be based on evolutionary game theory, in spite of the fact that evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) for most non-zero-sum games are not cooperative. We analyse the evolution of cooperation for a family of evolutionary games involving shared costs and benefits with a continuum of strategies from non-cooperation to total cooperation. This cost–benefit game allows the cooperator to share in the benefit of a cooperative act, and the recipient to be burdened with a share of the cooperator's cost. The cost–benefit game encompasses the Prisoner's Dilemma, Snowdrift game and Partial Altruism. The models produce ESS solutions of total cooperation, partial cooperation, non-cooperation and coexistence between cooperation and non-cooperation. Cooperation emerges from an interplay between the nonlinearities in the cost and benefit functions. If benefits increase at a decelerating rate and costs increase at an accelerating rate with the degree of cooperation, then the ESS has an intermediate level of cooperation. The game also exhibits non-ESS points such as unstable minima, convergent-stable minima and unstable maxima. The emergence of cooperative behaviour in this game represents enlightened self-interest, whereas non-cooperative solutions illustrate the Tragedy of the Commons. Games having either a stable maximum or a stable minimum have the property that small changes in the incentive structure (model parameter values) or culture (starting frequencies of strategies) result in correspondingly small changes in the degree of cooperation. Conversely, with unstable maxima or unstable minima, small changes in the incentive structure or culture can result in a switch from non-cooperation to total cooperation (and vice versa). These solutions identify when human or animal societies have the potential for cooperation and whether cooperation is robust or fragile. PMID:18495622

  10. Tax treatment of government cost-share payments

    Treesearch

    William C. Siegel

    2005-01-01

    Woodland owners who receive a cost-share payment from a federal or state government program generally must report the payment as part of their gross income. However, under the provisions of Section 126 of the internal Revenue Code, the recipients can then choose to exclude from their income all or part of such payments that meet two requirements.

  11. 42 CFR 423.782 - Cost-sharing subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... subsidy eligible individuals are entitled to the following: (1) Elimination of the annual deductible under § 423.104(d)(1). (2) Reduction in cost-sharing for all covered Part D drugs covered under the PDP or MA-PD plan below the out-of-pocket limit (under § 423.104), including Part D drugs covered under the PDP...

  12. 42 CFR 423.782 - Cost-sharing subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... individuals. Full subsidy eligible individuals are entitled to the following: (1) Elimination of the annual deductible under § 423.104(d)(1). (2) Reduction in cost-sharing for all covered Part D drugs covered under the PDP or MA-PD plan below the out-of-pocket limit (under § 423.104), including Part D drugs covered...

  13. 42 CFR 423.782 - Cost-sharing subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... individuals. Full subsidy eligible individuals are entitled to the following: (1) Elimination of the annual deductible under § 423.104(d)(1). (2) Reduction in cost-sharing for all covered Part D drugs covered under the PDP or MA-PD plan below the out-of-pocket limit (under § 423.104), including Part D drugs covered...

  14. 42 CFR 423.782 - Cost-sharing subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... individuals. Full subsidy eligible individuals are entitled to the following: (1) Elimination of the annual deductible under § 423.104(d)(1). (2) Reduction in cost-sharing for all covered Part D drugs covered under the PDP or MA-PD plan below the out-of-pocket limit (under § 423.104), including Part D drugs covered...

  15. First-dollar cost-sharing for skilled nursing facility care in medicare advantage plans.

    PubMed

    Keohane, Laura M; Grebla, Regina C; Rahman, Momotazur; Mukamel, Dana B; Lee, Yoojin; Mor, Vincent; Trivedi, Amal

    2017-08-29

    The initial days of a Medicare-covered skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay may have no cost-sharing or daily copayments depending on beneficiaries' enrollment in traditional Medicare or Medicare Advantage. Some policymakers have advocated imposing first-dollar cost-sharing to reduce post-acute expenditures. We examined the relationship between first-dollar cost-sharing for a SNF stay and use of inpatient and SNF services. We identified seven Medicare Advantage plans that introduced daily SNF copayments of $25-$150 in 2009 or 2010. Copays began on the first day of a SNF admission. We matched these plans to seven matched control plans that did not introduce first-dollar cost-sharing. In a difference-in-differences analysis, we compared changes in SNF and inpatient utilization for the 172,958 members of intervention and control plans. In intervention plans the mean annual number of SNF days per 100 continuously enrolled inpatients decreased from 768.3 to 750.6 days when cost-sharing changes took effect. Control plans experienced a concurrent increase: 721.7 to 808.1 SNF days per 100 inpatients (adjusted difference-in-differences: -87.0 days [95% CI (-112.1,-61.9)]). In intervention plans, we observed no significant changes in the probability of any SNF service use or the number of inpatient days per hospitalized member relative to concurrent trends among control plans. Among several strategies Medicare Advantage plans can employ to moderate SNF use, first-dollar SNF cost-sharing may be one influential factor. Not applicable.

  16. Exploring the cost and value of private versus shared bedrooms in nursing homes.

    PubMed

    Calkins, Margaret; Cassella, Christine

    2007-04-01

    There is debate about the relative merits and costs of private versus shared bedrooms in nursing homes, particularly in light of the current efforts at creating both cost-efficient and person-centered care facilities. The purpose of this project was to explore the extent to which there is evidence-based information that supports the merits of three different bedroom configurations: traditional shared, enhanced shared, and private. We developed a framework of four broad domains that were related to the different bedroom configurations: psychosocial, clinical, operational, and construction or building factors. Within each dimension, we identified individual factors through the literature, interviews, and focus groups, with the goal of determining the breadth, depth, and quality of evidence supporting the benefits of one configuration over another. The vast majority of factors identified in this study, regardless of whether there was solid empirical data, information from the focus groups, or other anecdotal evidence, indicated better outcomes associated with private rooms over shared rooms in nursing homes. Cost estimates suggest that construction cost (plus debt service) differences range from roughly $20,506 per bed for a traditional shared room to $36,515 for a private one, and that such differences are recouped in less than 2 years if beds are occupied, and in less than 3 months if a shared bed remains unoccupied at average private-pay room costs. Despite limited empirical evidence in some areas, this project provides the foundation for an evidence-based life-cycle costing perspective regarding the relative merits of different bedroom configurations.

  17. Elimination of Cost Sharing for Screening Mammography in Medicare Advantage Plans.

    PubMed

    Trivedi, Amal N; Leyva, Bryan; Lee, Yoojin; Panagiotou, Orestis A; Dahabreh, Issa J

    2018-01-18

    The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required most insurers and the Medicare program to eliminate cost sharing for screening mammography. We conducted a difference-in-differences study of biennial screening mammography among 15,085 women 65 to 74 years of age in 24 Medicare Advantage plans that eliminated cost sharing to provide full coverage for screening mammography, as compared with 52,035 women in 48 matched control plans that had and maintained full coverage. In plans that eliminated cost sharing, adjusted rates of biennial screening mammography increased from 59.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.9 to 65.0) in the 2-year period before cost-sharing elimination to 65.4% (95% CI, 61.8 to 69.0) in the 2-year period thereafter. In control plans, the rates of biennial mammography were 73.1% (95% CI, 69.2 to 77.0) and 72.8% (95% CI, 69.7 to 76.0) during the same periods, yielding a difference in differences of 5.7 percentage points (95% CI, 3.0 to 8.4). The difference in differences was 9.8 percentage points (95% CI, 4.5 to 15.2) among women living in the areas with the highest quartile of educational attainment versus 4.3 percentage points (95% CI, 0.2 to 8.4) among women in the lowest quartile. As indicated by the difference-in-differences estimates, after the elimination of cost sharing, the rate of biennial mammography increased by 6.5 percentage points (95% CI, 3.7 to 9.4) for white women and 8.4 percentage points (95% CI, 2.5 to 14.4) for black women but was almost unchanged for Hispanic women (0.4 percentage points; 95% CI, -7.3 to 8.1). The elimination of cost sharing for screening mammography under the ACA was associated with an increase in rates of use of this service among older women for whom screening is recommended. The effect was attenuated among women living in areas with lower educational attainment and was negligible among Hispanic women. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging.).

  18. 7 CFR 3430.52 - Cost sharing and matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cost sharing and matching. 3430.52 Section 3430.52 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE COMPETITIVE AND NONCOMPETITIVE NON-FORMULA FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS-GENERAL AWARD...

  19. Gauging the feasibility of cost-sharing and medical student interest groups to reduce interview costs.

    PubMed

    Lieber, Bryan A; Wilson, Taylor A; Bell, Randy S; Ashley, William W; Barrow, Daniel L; Wolfe, Stacey Quintero

    2014-11-01

    Indirect costs of the interview tour can be prohibitive. The authors sought to assess the desire of interviewees to mitigate these costs through ideas such as sharing hotel rooms and transportation, willingness to stay with local students, and the preferred modality to coordinate this collaboration. A survey link was posted on the Uncle Harvey website and the Facebook profile page of fourth-year medical students from 6 different medical schools shortly after the 2014 match day. There were a total of 156 respondents to the survey. The majority of the respondents were postinterview medical students (65.4%), but preinterview medical students (28.2%) and current residents (6.4%) also responded to the survey. Most respondents were pursuing a field other than neurosurgery (75.0%) and expressed a desire to share a hotel room and/or transportation (77.4%) as well as stay in the dorm room of a medical student at the program in which they are interviewing (70.0%). Students going into neurosurgery were significantly more likely to be interested in sharing hotel/transportation (89.2% neurosurgery vs 72.8% nonneurosurgery; p = 0.040) and in staying in the dorm room of a local student when on interviews (85.0% neurosurgery vs 57.1% nonneurosurgery; p = 0.040) than those going into other specialties. Among postinterview students, communication was preferred to be by private, email identification-only chat room. Given neurosurgery resident candidates' interest in collaborating to reduce interview costs, consideration should be given to creating a system that could allow students to coordinate cost sharing between interviewees. Moreover, interviewees should be connected to local students from neurosurgery interest groups as a resource.

  20. 22 CFR 226.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-award Requirements Financial and Program Management § 226.23 Cost sharing or... volunteer services shall be consistent with those paid for similar work in the recipient's organizations. In...

  1. 28 CFR 70.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the Department authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities... donation. (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  2. 2 CFR 215.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  3. 28 CFR 70.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... the Department authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities... donation. (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  4. 28 CFR 70.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the Department authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities... donation. (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  5. 28 CFR 70.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the Department authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities... donation. (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  6. 43 CFR 12.923 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... to acquire equipment, buildings, or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  7. 43 CFR 12.923 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... to acquire equipment, buildings, or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  8. 43 CFR 12.923 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... to acquire equipment, buildings, or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  9. 43 CFR 12.923 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... to acquire equipment, buildings, or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  10. 28 CFR 70.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... the Department authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities... donation. (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  11. 43 CFR 12.923 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects... to acquire equipment, buildings, or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and...

  12. 10 CFR 603.525 - Value and reasonableness of the recipient's cost sharing contribution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Value and reasonableness of the recipient's cost sharing contribution. 603.525 Section 603.525 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Pre-Award Business Evaluation Cost Sharing § 603.525 Value and reasonableness of the...

  13. 36 CFR 1206.50 - What types of funding and cost sharing arrangements does the Commission make?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... opportunity announcements. (2) Cost sharing may include cash or in-kind contributions provided by the... cost sharing arrangements does the Commission make? 1206.50 Section 1206.50 Parks, Forests, and Public... RECORDS COMMISSION Applying for NHPRC Grants § 1206.50 What types of funding and cost sharing arrangements...

  14. 20 CFR 437.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Matching or cost sharing. 437.24 Section 437.24 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS... grant or subgrant, as follows: (1) Awards for capital expenditures. If the purpose of the grant or...

  15. 40 CFR 30.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... personnel, the EPA Award Official authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction or.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  16. 40 CFR 30.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... personnel, the EPA Award Official authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction or.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  17. 40 CFR 30.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... personnel, the EPA Award Official authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction or.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  18. 40 CFR 30.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... personnel, the EPA Award Official authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction or.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  19. 40 CFR 30.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... personnel, the EPA Award Official authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction or.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  20. Mammography Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries After Elimination of Cost Sharing.

    PubMed

    Sabatino, Susan A; Thompson, Trevor D; Guy, Gery P; de Moor, Janet S; Tangka, Florence K

    2016-04-01

    We examined mammography use before and after Medicare eliminated cost sharing for screening mammography in January 2011. Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined changes in mammography use between 2010 and 2013 among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65-74 years. Logistic regression and predictive margins were used to examine changes in use after adjusting for covariates. In 2013, 74.7% of women reported a mammogram within 2 years, a 3.5 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, -0.3, 7.2) compared with 2010. Increases occurred among women aged 65-69 years, unmarried women, and women with usual sources of care and 2-5 physician visits in the prior year. After adjustment, mammography use increased in 2013 versus 2010 (74.8% vs. 71.3%, P=0.039). Interactions between year and income, insurance, race, or ethnicity were not significant. There was a modest increase in mammography use from 2010 to 2013 among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65-74 years, possibly consistent with an effect of eliminating Medicare cost sharing during this time. Findings suggest that eliminating cost sharing might increase use of recommended screening services.

  1. ACA-mandated elimination of cost sharing for preventive screening has had limited early impact.

    PubMed

    Mehta, Shivan J; Polsky, Daniel; Zhu, Jingsan; Lewis, James D; Kolstad, Jonathan T; Loewenstein, George; Volpp, Kevin G

    2015-07-01

    The Affordable Care Act eliminated patient cost sharing for evidence-based preventive care, yet the impact of this policy on colonoscopy and mammography rates is unclear. We examined the elimination of cost sharing among small business beneficiaries of Humana, a large national insurer. This was a retrospective interrupted time series analysis of whether the change in cost-sharing policy was associated with a change in screening utilization, using grandfathered plans as a comparison group. We compared beneficiaries in small business nongrandfathered plans that were required to eliminate cost sharing (intervention) with those in grandfathered plans that did not have to change cost sharing (control). There were 63,246 men and women aged 50 to 64 years eligible for colorectal cancer screening, and 30,802 women aged 50 to 64 years eligible for breast cancer screening. The primary outcome variables were rates of colonoscopy and mammography per person-month, with secondary analysis of colonoscopy rates coded as preventive only. There was no significant change in the level or slope of colonoscopy and mammography utilization for intervention plans relative to the control plans. There was also no significant relevant change among those colonoscopies coded as preventive. The results suggest that the implementation of the policy is not having its intended effects, as cost sharing rates for colonoscopy and mammography did not change substantially, and utilization of colonoscopy and mammography changed little, following this new policy approach.

  2. 29 CFR 95.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  3. 29 CFR 95.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  4. 29 CFR 95.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  5. 29 CFR 95.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  6. 29 CFR 95.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  7. 43 CFR 404.40 - What is the non-Federal share of operation, maintenance, and replacement costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Cost-Sharing § 404.40 What is the non-Federal share of operation, maintenance, and replacement costs? You are required to pay 100 percent of the operation, maintenance, and replacement costs of any rural... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What is the non-Federal share of operation...

  8. Effects of a cost-sharing exemption on use of preventive services at one large employer.

    PubMed

    Busch, Susan H; Barry, Colleen L; Vegso, Sally J; Sindelar, Jody L; Cullen, Mark R

    2006-01-01

    In 2004, Alcoa introduced a new health benefit for a portion of its workforce, which eliminated cost sharing for preventive care while increasing cost sharing for many other services. In this era of increased consumerism, Alcoa's benefit redesign constituted an effort to reduce health care costs while preserving use of targeted services. Taking advantage of a unique natural experiment, we find that Alcoa was able to maintain rates of preventive service use. This evidence suggests that differential cost sharing can be used to preserve the use of critical health care services.

  9. 47 CFR 27.1166 - Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... frequency band may seek full reimbursement through the clearinghouse of compensable costs, up to the... act in good faith in satisfying the cost-sharing obligations under §§ 27.1160 through 27.1174. The... interference from MSS space-to-Earth downlink operations, but may elect to do so, in which case the MSS...

  10. 47 CFR 27.1166 - Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... frequency band may seek full reimbursement through the clearinghouse of compensable costs, up to the... act in good faith in satisfying the cost-sharing obligations under §§ 27.1160 through 27.1174. The... interference from MSS space-to-Earth downlink operations, but may elect to do so, in which case the MSS...

  11. 47 CFR 27.1166 - Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... frequency band may seek full reimbursement through the clearinghouse of compensable costs, up to the... act in good faith in satisfying the cost-sharing obligations under §§ 27.1160 through 27.1174. The... interference from MSS space-to-Earth downlink operations, but may elect to do so, in which case the MSS...

  12. 48 CFR 1816.303-70 - Cost-sharing contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... organizations is mandatory in any contract for basic or applied research resulting from an unsolicited proposal... the research, and the contractor has no means of recovering its shared costs on such projects. (2) The... contribution from non-Federal sources; (ii) The extent to which the particular area of research requires...

  13. 15 CFR 24.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Matching or cost sharing. 24.24 Section 24.24 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE... other employers for similar work in the same labor market. In either case, a reasonable amount for...

  14. 45 CFR 602.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  15. 10 CFR 600.224 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  16. 28 CFR 66.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  17. 45 CFR 602.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  18. 21 CFR 1403.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  19. 45 CFR 1183.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  20. 45 CFR 1183.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  1. 28 CFR 66.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  2. 20 CFR 437.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by other cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  3. 21 CFR 1403.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  4. 45 CFR 1174.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  5. 22 CFR 135.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  6. 45 CFR 602.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  7. 22 CFR 135.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  8. 45 CFR 1174.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  9. 10 CFR 600.224 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  10. 20 CFR 437.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by other cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  11. 22 CFR 135.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  12. 10 CFR 600.224 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  13. 28 CFR 66.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  14. 45 CFR 1174.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  15. 45 CFR 602.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  16. 10 CFR 600.224 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  17. 21 CFR 1403.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  18. 22 CFR 135.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  19. 10 CFR 600.224 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  20. 28 CFR 66.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  1. 45 CFR 1183.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  2. 45 CFR 1183.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  3. 45 CFR 1174.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  4. 45 CFR 1174.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  5. 21 CFR 1403.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  6. 45 CFR 1183.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  7. 22 CFR 135.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  8. 21 CFR 1403.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  9. 45 CFR 602.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... contractors. These records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To...

  10. 20 CFR 437.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by other cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  11. 28 CFR 66.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by others cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  12. 20 CFR 437.24 - Matching or cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... non-Federal grants or by other cash donations from non-Federal third parties. (2) The value of third... values of third party in-kind contributions may count towards satisfying a cost sharing or matching... records must show how the value placed on third party in-kind contributions was derived. To the extent...

  13. 32 CFR 34.13 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 34.13 Section 34.13 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... proper and efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) They are allowable under § 34...

  14. 32 CFR 34.13 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 34.13 Section 34.13 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... proper and efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) They are allowable under § 34...

  15. 32 CFR 34.13 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 34.13 Section 34.13 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... proper and efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) They are allowable under § 34...

  16. 32 CFR 34.13 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 34.13 Section 34.13 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... proper and efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) They are allowable under § 34...

  17. 32 CFR 34.13 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cost sharing or matching. 34.13 Section 34.13 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... proper and efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. (4) They are allowable under § 34...

  18. Impact of drug cost sharing on service use and adverse clinical outcomes in elderly receiving antidepressants.

    PubMed

    Wang, Philip S; Patrick, Amanda R; Dormuth, Colin; Maclure, Malcolm; Avorn, Jerry; Canning, Claire F; Schneeweiss, Sebastian

    2010-03-01

    physicians or psychiatrists for depression, hospitalizations with a depression diagnosis, or long-term care admissions. The cost-sharing policies studied may have contained non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing mental health service utilization. However, it is possible that the policies had effects that we were unable to detect, such as increasing rates of visits to social workers or psychologists or forcing patients to reduce other spending. Further, the sequential implementation of the policy changes, makes it difficult to estimate the effect of a direct change from full coverage to a coinsurance/income-based deductible policy. It may be possible to design policies to contain non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing other service utilization or adverse events. However, because undertreatment remains a serious problem among depressed elderly, well-designed prescription drug policies should be coupled with interventions to address under-treatment.

  19. Distribution and sharing of palliative care costs in rural areas of Canada.

    PubMed

    Dumont, Serge; Jacobs, Philip; Turcotte, Véronique; Turcotte, Stéphane; Johnston, Grace

    2014-01-01

    Few data are available on the costs occurring during the palliative phase of care and on the sharing of these costs in rural areas. This study aimed to evaluate the costs related to all resources used by rural palliative care patients and to examine how these costs were shared between the public healthcare system (PHCS), patients' families, and not-for-profit organizations (NFPOs). A prospective longitudinal study was undertaken of 82 palliative care patients and their main informal caregivers in rural areas of four Canadian provinces. Telephone interviews were completed at two-week intervals. The mean total cost per patient for a six-month participation in a palliative care program was CA$31,678 +/- 1,160. A large part of this cost was attributable to inpatient hospital stays and was assumed by the PHCS. The patient's family contributed less than a quarter of the mean total cost per patient, and this was mainly attributable to caregiving time.

  20. 47 CFR 24.253 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Termination of cost-sharing obligations. 24.253 Section 24.253 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  1. 47 CFR 24.253 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Termination of cost-sharing obligations. 24.253 Section 24.253 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  2. 47 CFR 24.253 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Termination of cost-sharing obligations. 24.253 Section 24.253 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  3. 47 CFR 24.253 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Termination of cost-sharing obligations. 24.253 Section 24.253 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  4. 48 CFR 48.104-4 - Sharing alternative-no-cost settlement method.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...-cost settlement method. 48.104-4 Section 48.104-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.104-4 Sharing alternative—no-cost settlement method. In selecting an appropriate mechanism for incorporating a VECP into a...

  5. Food-Sharing Networks in Lamalera, Indonesia: Status, Sharing, and Signaling

    PubMed Central

    Nolin, David A.

    2012-01-01

    Costly signaling has been proposed as a possible mechanism to explain food sharing in foraging populations. This sharing-as-signaling hypothesis predicts an association between sharing and status. Using exponential random graph modeling (ERGM), this prediction is tested on a social network of between-household food-sharing relationships in the fishing and sea-hunting village of Lamalera, Indonesia. Previous analyses (Nolin 2010) have shown that most sharing in Lamalera is consistent with reciprocal altruism. The question addressed here is whether any additional variation may be explained as sharing-as-signaling by high-status households. The results show that high-status households both give and receive more than other households, a pattern more consistent with reciprocal altruism than costly signaling. However, once the propensity to reciprocate and household productivity are controlled, households of men holding leadership positions show greater odds of unreciprocated giving when compared to households of non-leaders. This pattern of excessive giving by leaders is consistent with the sharing-as-signaling hypothesis. Wealthy households show the opposite pattern, giving less and receiving more than other households. These households may reciprocate in a currency other than food or their wealth may attract favor-seeking behavior from others. Overall, status covariates explain little variation in the sharing network as a whole, and much of the sharing observed by high-status households is best explained by the same factors that explain sharing by other households. This pattern suggests that multiple mechanisms may operate simultaneously to promote sharing in Lamalera and that signaling may motivate some sharing by some individuals even within sharing regimes primarily maintained by other mechanisms. PMID:22822299

  6. 47 CFR 27.1190 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Termination of cost-sharing obligations. 27.1190 Section 27.1190 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 1710-1755 MHz, 2110-2155 MHz, 2000-2020 MHz, and...

  7. 47 CFR 27.1174 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Termination of cost-sharing obligations. 27.1174 Section 27.1174 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 1710-1755 MHz, 2110-2155 MHz, 2000-2020 MHz, and...

  8. 45 CFR 2521.45 - What are the limitations on the Federal government's share of program costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... share are different—in type and amount—for member support costs and program operating costs. (a) Member support: The Federal share, including Corporation and other Federal funds, of member support costs, which... under § 2522.240(b)(1), and 85 percent of other member support costs. (2) If you are a professional...

  9. 36 CFR 1206.45 - What rules govern subgrant distribution, cost sharing, grant administration, and reporting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... distribution, cost sharing, grant administration, and reporting? 1206.45 Section 1206.45 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL RULES NATIONAL HISTORICAL..., cost sharing, grant administration, and reporting? (a) The Commission will annually establish guidance...

  10. 7 CFR 636.12 - Termination of cost-share agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Termination of cost-share agreements. 636.12 Section 636.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636...

  11. 7 CFR 636.12 - Termination of cost-share agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Termination of cost-share agreements. 636.12 Section 636.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636...

  12. 7 CFR 636.12 - Termination of cost-share agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Termination of cost-share agreements. 636.12 Section 636.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636...

  13. 7 CFR 636.12 - Termination of cost-share agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Termination of cost-share agreements. 636.12 Section 636.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636...

  14. 7 CFR 636.12 - Termination of cost-share agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Termination of cost-share agreements. 636.12 Section 636.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVES PROGRAM § 636...

  15. 47 CFR 27.1160 - Cost-sharing requirements for AWS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cost-sharing requirements for AWS. 27.1160 Section 27.1160 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 1710-1755 MHz, 2110-2155 MHz, 2000-2020 MHz, and 2180-2200 MHz...

  16. 41 CFR 105-72.303 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  17. 41 CFR 105-72.303 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  18. 41 CFR 105-72.303 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  19. 41 CFR 105-72.303 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  20. 41 CFR 105-72.303 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition.... (g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and... the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be...

  1. The Effect of Infrastructure Sharing in Estimating Operations Cost of Future Space Transportation Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sundaram, Meenakshi

    2005-01-01

    NASA and the aerospace industry are extremely serious about reducing the cost and improving the performance of launch vehicles both manned or unmanned. In the aerospace industry, sharing infrastructure for manufacturing more than one type spacecraft is becoming a trend to achieve economy of scale. An example is the Boeing Decatur facility where both Delta II and Delta IV launch vehicles are made. The author is not sure how Boeing estimates the costs of each spacecraft made in the same facility. Regardless of how a contractor estimates the cost, NASA in its popular cost estimating tool, NASA Air force Cost Modeling (NAFCOM) has to have a method built in to account for the effect of infrastructure sharing. Since there is no provision in the most recent version of NAFCOM2002 to take care of this, it has been found by the Engineering Cost Community at MSFC that the tool overestimates the manufacturing cost by as much as 30%. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a methodology to assess the impact of infrastructure sharing so that better operations cost estimates may be made.

  2. Medicaid Program; Disproportionate Share Hospital Payments--Treatment of Third Party Payers in Calculating Uncompensated Care Costs. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2017-04-03

    This final rule addresses the hospital-specific limitation on Medicaid disproportionate share hospital (DSH) payments under section 1923(g)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act (Act), and the application of such limitation in the annual DSH audits required under section 1923(j) of the Act, by clarifying that the hospital-specific DSH limit is based only on uncompensated care costs. Specifically, this rule makes explicit in the text of the regulation, an existing interpretation that uncompensated care costs include only those costs for Medicaid eligible individuals that remain after accounting for payments made to hospitals by or on behalf of Medicaid eligible individuals, including Medicare and other third party payments that compensate the hospitals for care furnished to such individuals. As a result, the hospital-specific limit calculation will reflect only the costs for Medicaid eligible individuals for which the hospital has not received payment from any source.

  3. Effects of Caps on Cost Sharing for Skilled Nursing Facility Services in Medicare Advantage Plans.

    PubMed

    Keohane, Laura M; Rahman, Momotazur; Thomas, Kali S; Trivedi, Amal N

    2018-03-12

    To evaluate a federal regulation effective in 2011 that limited how much that Medicare Advantage (MA) plans could charge for the first 20 days of care in a skilled nursing facility (SNF). Difference-in-differences retrospective analysis comparing SNF utilization trends from 2008-2012. Select MA plans. Members of 27 plans with mandatory cost sharing reductions (n=132,000) and members of 21 plans without such reductions (n=138,846). Mean monthly number of SNF admissions and days per 1,000 members; annual proportion of MA enrollees exiting the plan. In plans with mandated cost sharing reductions, cost sharing for the first 20 days of SNF care decreased from an average of $2,039 in 2010 to $992 in 2011. In adjusted analyses, plans with mandated cost-sharing reductions averaged 158.1 SNF days (95% confidence interval (CI)=153.2-163.1 days) per 1,000 members per month before the cost sharing cap. This measure increased by 14.3 days (95% CI=3.8-24.8 days, p=0.009) in the 2 years after cap implementation. However, increases in SNF utilization did not significantly differ between plans with and without mandated cost-sharing reductions (adjusted between-group difference: 7.1 days per 1,000 members, 95% CI=-6.5-20.8, p=.30). Disenrollment patterns did not change after the cap took effect. When a federal regulation designed to protect MA members from high out-of-pocket costs for postacute care took effect, the use of SNF services did not change. © 2018, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2018, The American Geriatrics Society.

  4. Lowering Cost Share May Improve Rates of Home Glucose Monitoring Among Patients with Diabetes Using Insulin.

    PubMed

    Xie, Yiqiong; Agiro, Abiy; Bowman, Kevin; DeVries, Andrea

    2017-08-01

    Not much is known about the extent to which lower cost share for blood glucose strips is associated with persistent filling. To evaluate the relationship between cost sharing for blood glucose testing strips and continued use of testing strips. This is a retrospective observational study using medical and pharmacy claims data integrated with laboratory hemoglobin A1c (A1c) values for patients using insulin and blood glucose testing strips. Diabetic patients using insulin who had at least 1 fill of blood glucose testing strips between 2010 and 2012 were included. Patients were divided into a low cost-share group (out-of-pocket cost percentage of total testing strip costs over a 1-year period from the initial fill < 20%; n = 3,575) and a high cost-share group (out-of-pocket cost percentage ≥ 20%; n = 3,580). We compared the likelihood of continued testing strip fills after the initial fill between the 2 groups by using modified Poisson regression models. Patients with low cost share had higher rates of continued testing strip fills compared with those with high cost share (89% vs. 82%, P < 0.001). Lower cost share was associated with greater probability of continued fills (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.07, P < 0.001). Other patient characteristics associated with continued fills included type 1 diabetes diagnosis, types of insulin regimens, and health insurance plan type. In a subset analysis of patients whose A1c values at baseline were above the target level (8%) set by the National Committee for Quality Assurance guidelines, we saw a slight increase in magnitude of relationship between cost share and continued fills (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.03-1.10, P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant association between cost share for testing strips and continued blood glucose self-monitoring. Among patients not achieving A1c control at baseline, there was an increase in the magnitude of relationship. Lowering cost share for testing strips can

  5. Screening Mammography for Free: Impact of Eliminating Cost Sharing on Cancer Screening Rates.

    PubMed

    Jena, Anupam B; Huang, Jie; Fireman, Bruce; Fung, Vicki; Gazelle, Scott; Landrum, Mary Beth; Chernew, Michael; Newhouse, Joseph P; Hsu, John

    2017-02-01

    To study the impact of eliminating cost sharing for screening mammography on mammography rates in a large Medicare Advantage (MA) health plan which in 2010 eliminated cost sharing in anticipation of the Affordable Care Act mandate. Large MA health maintenance organization offering individual-subscriber MA insurance and employer-supplemented group MA insurance. We investigated the impact on breast cancer screening of a policy that eliminated a $20 copayment for screening mammography in 2010 among 53,188 women continuously enrolled from 2007 to 2012 in an individual-subscriber MA plan, compared with 42,473 women with employer-supplemented group MA insurance in the same health maintenance organization who had full screening coverage during this period. We used differences-in-differences analysis to study the impact of cost-sharing elimination on mammography rates. Annual screening rates declined over time for both groups, with similar trends pre-2010 and a slower decline after 2010 among women whose copayments were eliminated. Among women aged 65-74 years in the individual-subscriber MA plan, 44.9 percent received screening in 2009 compared with 40.9 percent in 2012, while 49.5 percent of women in the employer-supplemented MA plan received screening in 2009 compared with 44.1 percent in 2012, that is, a difference-in-difference effect of 1.4 percentage points less decline in screening among women experiencing the cost-sharing elimination. Effects were concentrated among women without recent screening. There were no differences by neighborhood socioeconomic status or race/ethnicity. Eliminating cost sharing for screening mammography was associated with modesty lower decline in screening rates among women with previously low screening adherence. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  6. Impact of Drug Cost Sharing on Service Use and Adverse Clinical Outcomes In Elderly Receiving Antidepressants

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Philip S.; Patrick, Amanda R.; Dormuth, Colin; Maclure, Malcolm; Avorn, Jerry; Canning, Claire F.; Schneeweiss, Sebastian

    2010-01-01

    policy affected the rates of visits to physicians or psychiatrists for depression, hospitalizations with a depression diagnosis, or long-term care admissions. Discussion The cost-sharing policies studied may have contained non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing mental health service utilization. However, it is possible that the policies had effects that we were unable to detect, such as increasing rates of visits to social workers or psychologists or forcing patients to reduce other spending. Further, the sequential implementation of the policy changes, makes it difficult to estimate the effect of a direct change from full coverage to a coinsurance/income-based deductible policy. Implications for Health Policies It may be possible to design policies to contain non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing other service utilization or adverse events. However, because undertreatment remains a serious problem among depressed elderly, well-designed prescription drug policies should be coupled with interventions to address under-treatment. PMID:20571181

  7. Breaking the Bank: Three Financing Models for Addressing the Drug Innovation Cost Crisis.

    PubMed

    Kleinke, J D; McGee, Nancy

    2015-05-01

    The introduction of innovative specialty pharmaceuticals with high prices has renewed efforts by public and private healthcare payers to constrain their utilization, increase patient cost-sharing, and compel government intervention on pricing. These efforts, although rational for individual payers, have the potential to undermine the public health impact and overall economic value of these innovations for society. The emerging archetypal example is the outcry over the cost of sofosbuvir, a drug proved to cure hepatitis C infection at a cost of $84,000 per person for a course of treatment (or $1000 per tablet). This represents a radical medical breakthrough for public health, with great promise for the long-term costs associated with this disease, but with major short-term cost implications for the budgets of healthcare payers. To propose potential financing models to provide a workable and lasting solution that directly addresses the misalignment of incentives between healthcare payers confronted with the high upfront costs of innovative specialty drugs and the rest of the US healthcare system, and to articulate these in the context of the historic struggle over paying for innovation. We describe 3 innovative financing models to manage expensive specialty drugs that will significantly reduce the direct, immediate cost burden of these drugs to public and private healthcare payers. The 3 financing models include high-cost drug mortgages, high-cost drugs reinsurance, and high-cost drug patient rebates. These models have been proved successful in other areas and should be adopted into healthcare to mitigate the high-cost of specialty drugs. We discuss the distribution of this burden over time and across the healthcare system, and we match the financial burden of medical innovations to the healthcare stakeholders who capture their overall value. All 3 models work within or replicate the current healthcare marketplace mechanisms for distributing immediate high-cost

  8. Breaking the Bank: Three Financing Models for Addressing the Drug Innovation Cost Crisis

    PubMed Central

    Kleinke, J.D.; McGee, Nancy

    2015-01-01

    Background The introduction of innovative specialty pharmaceuticals with high prices has renewed efforts by public and private healthcare payers to constrain their utilization, increase patient cost-sharing, and compel government intervention on pricing. These efforts, although rational for individual payers, have the potential to undermine the public health impact and overall economic value of these innovations for society. The emerging archetypal example is the outcry over the cost of sofosbuvir, a drug proved to cure hepatitis C infection at a cost of $84,000 per person for a course of treatment (or $1000 per tablet). This represents a radical medical breakthrough for public health, with great promise for the long-term costs associated with this disease, but with major short-term cost implications for the budgets of healthcare payers. Objectives To propose potential financing models to provide a workable and lasting solution that directly addresses the misalignment of incentives between healthcare payers confronted with the high upfront costs of innovative specialty drugs and the rest of the US healthcare system, and to articulate these in the context of the historic struggle over paying for innovation. Discussion We describe 3 innovative financing models to manage expensive specialty drugs that will significantly reduce the direct, immediate cost burden of these drugs to public and private healthcare payers. The 3 financing models include high-cost drug mortgages, high-cost drugs reinsurance, and high-cost drug patient rebates. These models have been proved successful in other areas and should be adopted into healthcare to mitigate the high-cost of specialty drugs. We discuss the distribution of this burden over time and across the healthcare system, and we match the financial burden of medical innovations to the healthcare stakeholders who capture their overall value. All 3 models work within or replicate the current healthcare marketplace mechanisms for

  9. 48 CFR 1516.303-75 - Amount of cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    .... 1516.303-75 Section 1516.303-75 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES TYPES OF CONTRACTS Cost-Reimbursement Contracts 1516.303-75 Amount of... market share position; (3) The time and risk necessary to achieve success; (4) If the results of the...

  10. The association of consumer cost-sharing and direct-to-consumer advertising with prescription drug use.

    PubMed

    Hansen, Richard A; Schommer, Jon C; Cline, Richard R; Hadsall, Ronald S; Schondelmeyer, Stephen W; Nyman, John A

    2005-06-01

    Previous research on the impact of various cost-sharing strategies on prescription drug use has not considered the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising. To explore the association of cost-containment strategies with prescription drug use and to determine if the association is moderated by DTC prescription drug advertising. The study population included 288 280 employees and dependents aged 18 to 65 years with employer-sponsored health insurance contributing to the MEDSTAT MarketScan administrative data set. Person-level enrollment and claims data were obtained for beneficiaries enrolled continuously during July 1997 through December 1998. Direct-to-consumer advertising data were obtained from Competitive Media Reporting and linked to the MEDSTAT enrollment files. Localized DTC advertising expenditures for one class of medication were evaluated and matched with prescription claims for eligible MEDSTAT contributors. The association of various types and levels of cost-sharing incentives with incident product use was evaluated, controlling for the level of DTC advertising, health status, and other demographic covariates. The relationship of cost-sharing amounts with drug use was modified by the level of DTC advertising in a geographic market. This relationship was dependent on the type of cost-sharing, distinguishing between co-payments for provider visits and co-payments for prescription drugs. Compared with low-advertising markets, individuals residing in markets with high levels of advertising and paying provider co-payments of $10.00 or more were more likely to use the advertised product. In the same markets, higher prescription drug co-payments were associated with a decreased likelihood of using the advertised product. A similar relationship was not observed for the nonadvertised competitor. Among insured individuals, response to cost-sharing strategies is moderated by DTC prescription drug advertising. The relative ability of cost-sharing strategies to

  11. Cost Sharing in Zambia's Public Universities: Prospects and Challenges

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Masaiti, Gift; Shen, Hong

    2013-01-01

    This research paper explores the concept of "cost sharing" which became more prominent in Zambia education with the advent of democratic form of governance in 1991. As a way of responding to the ever diminishing tax revenues, government through the education policy of 1996, allowed higher education institutions including public…

  12. 42 CFR 447.50 - Cost sharing: Basis and purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Cost Sharing § 447... the following four criteria: (A) Is a member of a tribe, band, or other organized group of Indians, including those tribes, bands, or groups terminated since 1940 and those recognized now or in the future by...

  13. Is Job Sharing Worthwhile? A Cost-Benefit Analysis in UK Universities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harris, Geoff

    1997-01-01

    Data from a survey of personnel directors in United Kingdom universities were used to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of job sharing from the institutions' perspective. Results show a 5% rise in productivity would raise the ratio of benefits to cost to 14.3 to 1. Retention of staff, reduction of stress, and reduced unemployment are also benefits.…

  14. 47 CFR 27.1190 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... relocation will sunset for all AWS entities fifteen years after the relocation sunset period for BRS relocation commences, i.e., fifteen years after the first AWS licenses are issued in any part of the 2150-2162 MHz band. AWS entrants that trigger a cost-sharing obligation prior to the sunset date must...

  15. 47 CFR 27.1190 - Termination of cost-sharing obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... relocation will sunset for all AWS entities fifteen years after the relocation sunset period for BRS relocation commences, i.e., fifteen years after the first AWS licenses are issued in any part of the 2150-2162 MHz band. AWS entrants that trigger a cost-sharing obligation prior to the sunset date must...

  16. Punishment in the form of shared cost promotes altruism in the cooperative dilemma games.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Chunyan; Zhu, Yuying; Chen, Zengqiang; Zhang, Jianlei

    2017-05-07

    One phenomenon or social institution often observed in multi-agent interactions is the altruistic punishment, i.e. the punishment of unfair behavior by others at a personal cost. Inspired by the works focusing on punishment and the intricate mechanism behind it, we theoretically study the strategy evolution in the framework of two-strategy game models with the punishment on defectors, moreover, the cost of punishing will be evenly shared among the cooperators. Theoretical computations suggest that larger punishment on defectors or smaller punishment cost incurred by cooperators will enhance the fixation of altruistic cooperation in the population. Through the replicate dynamics, the group size of the randomly selected individuals from the sufficiently large population will notably affect the strategy evolution in populations nested within a dilemma. By theoretical modeling the concept of shared cost for punishment from one point of view, our findings underscore the importance of punishment with shared cost as a factor in real-life decisions in an evolutionary game context. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. 7 CFR 631.7 - Conservation treatment eligible for cost sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... conservationist, in consultation with the state program committee, shall select the resource management systems....7 Section 631.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL... conservation systems, practices, or identifiable units eligible for GPCP cost sharing in the county. ...

  18. Approaches to pharmacy benefit management and the impact of consumer cost sharing.

    PubMed

    Olson, Bridget M

    2003-01-01

    Numerous mechanisms have been introduced to deliver prescription drug benefits while controlling pharmaceutical costs. An understanding of the most prominent mechanisms of benefit management is an important step in determining the most effective approach to take in future years. The aims of this review were to illustrate the mechanisms by which managed care has attempted to efficiently and equitably deliver pharmacy benefits and to discuss the impact of such programs, including consumer cost sharing. A review of the literature was conducted using the PreMedline and MEDLINE databases from the years 1966 to 2002, reference lists from relevant articles, and online sources, including news releases, conference materials, and pharmacy benefit management reports. Numerous pharmacy benefit management tools and their impact on utilization, expenditures, and health outcomes are reviewed, including disease state management; utilization management (ie, quantity limitations and prior authorization); drug utilization review; formulary management (ie, open and closed); delivery systems (ie, retail and mail order); and mechanisms for implementing consumer cost sharing (ie, generic incentives, multitiered copayments, and co-insurance). Although there is some evidence to suggest that certain benefit management tools have been successful in reducing health plan expenditures, a more thorough investigation of their potential unintended consequences is needed. Implementing adequate levels of consumer cost sharing is necessary if employers and health plans are to continue offering prescription drug benefits. It is important to remember, however, that quality health care cannot be forfeited for the sake of short-term cost savings.

  19. 26 CFR 1.482-7A - Methods to determine taxable income in connection with a cost sharing arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. They also share the cost of a conference facility that... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. USP also incurs costs related to field testing of the... Unrelated Third Party (UTP) enter into a cost sharing arrangement to develop new audio technology. In the...

  20. 26 CFR 1.482-7A - Methods to determine taxable income in connection with a cost sharing arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. They also share the cost of a conference facility that... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. USP also incurs costs related to field testing of the... Unrelated Third Party (UTP) enter into a cost sharing arrangement to develop new audio technology. In the...

  1. 26 CFR 1.482-7A - Methods to determine taxable income in connection with a cost sharing arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. They also share the cost of a conference facility that... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. USP also incurs costs related to field testing of the... Unrelated Third Party (UTP) enter into a cost sharing arrangement to develop new audio technology. In the...

  2. 26 CFR 1.482-7A - Methods to determine taxable income in connection with a cost sharing arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. They also share the cost of a conference facility that... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. USP also incurs costs related to field testing of the... Unrelated Third Party (UTP) enter into a cost sharing arrangement to develop new audio technology. In the...

  3. 26 CFR 1.482-7A - Methods to determine taxable income in connection with a cost sharing arrangement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. They also share the cost of a conference facility that... reasonable overhead costs attributable to the project. USP also incurs costs related to field testing of the... Unrelated Third Party (UTP) enter into a cost sharing arrangement to develop new audio technology. In the...

  4. Coordinating Cognition: The Costs and Benefits of Shared Gaze during Collaborative Search

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brennan, Susan E.; Chen, Xin; Dickinson, Christopher A.; Neider, Mark B.; Zelinsky, Gregory J.

    2008-01-01

    Collaboration has its benefits, but coordination has its costs. We explored the potential for remotely located pairs of people to collaborate during visual search, using shared gaze and speech. Pairs of searchers wearing eyetrackers jointly performed an O-in-Qs search task alone, or in one of three collaboration conditions: shared gaze (with one…

  5. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of shared care: protocol for a realist review.

    PubMed

    Hardwick, Rebecca; Pearson, Mark; Byng, Richard; Anderson, Rob

    2013-02-12

    Shared care (an enhanced information exchange over and above routine outpatient letters) is commonly used to improve care coordination and communication between a specialist and primary care services for people with long-term conditions. Evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of shared care is mixed. Informed decision-making for targeting shared care requires a greater understanding of how it works, for whom it works, in what contexts and why. This protocol outlines how realist review methods can be used to synthesise evidence on shared care for long-term conditions.A further aim of the review is to explore economic evaluations of shared care. Economic evaluations are difficult to synthesise due to problems in accounting for contextual differences that impact on resource use and opportunity costs. Realist review methods have been suggested as a way to overcome some of these issues, so this review will also assess whether realist review methods are amenable to synthesising economic evidence. Database and web searching will be carried out in order to find relevant evidence to develop and test programme theories about how shared care works. The review will have two phases. Phase 1 will concentrate on the contextual conditions and mechanisms that influence how shared care works, in order to develop programme theories, which partially explain how it works. Phase 2 will focus on testing these programme theories. A Project Reference Group made up of health service professionals and people with actual experience of long-term conditions will be used to ground the study in real-life experience. Review findings will be disseminated through local and sub-national networks for integrated care and long-term conditions. This realist review will explore why and for whom shared care works, in order to support decision-makers working to improve the effectiveness of care for people outside hospital. The development of realist review methods to take into account cost and

  6. 47 CFR 27.1162 - Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan. 27.1162 Section 27.1162 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 1710-1755 MHz, 2110-2155 MHz, 2000-2020 MHz, and...

  7. 47 CFR 27.1178 - Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan. 27.1178 Section 27.1178 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 1710-1755 MHz, 2110-2155 MHz, 2000-2020 MHz, and...

  8. 47 CFR 27.1182 - Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Reimbursement under the Cost-Sharing Plan. 27.1182 Section 27.1182 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 1710-1755 MHz, 2110-2155 MHz, 2000-2020 MHz, and...

  9. 47 CFR 24.241 - Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan. 24.241 Section 24.241 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  10. 47 CFR 24.241 - Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan. 24.241 Section 24.241 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  11. 47 CFR 24.241 - Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan. 24.241 Section 24.241 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  12. 47 CFR 24.241 - Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Administration of the Cost-Sharing Plan. 24.241 Section 24.241 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband PCS Policies Governing Microwave Relocation from the 1850-1990...

  13. Affordable Care Act's Mandate Eliminating Contraceptive Cost Sharing Influenced Choices Of Women With Employer Coverage.

    PubMed

    Carlin, Caroline S; Fertig, Angela R; Dowd, Bryan E

    2016-09-01

    Patient cost sharing for contraceptive prescriptions was eliminated for certain insurance plans as part of the Affordable Care Act. We examined the impact of this change on women's patterns of choosing prescription contraceptive methods. Using claims data for a sample of midwestern women ages 18-46 with employer-sponsored coverage, we examined the contraceptive choices made by women in employer groups whose coverage complied with the mandate, compared to the choices of women in groups whose coverage did not comply. We found that the reduction in cost sharing was associated with a 2.3-percentage-point increase in the choice of any prescription contraceptive, relative to the 30 percent rate of choosing prescription contraceptives before the change in cost sharing. A disproportionate share of this increase came from increased selection of long-term contraception methods. Thus, the removal of cost as a barrier seems to be an important factor in contraceptive choice, and our findings about long-term methods may have implications for rates of unintended pregnancy that require further study. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  14. 43 CFR 404.32 - Can Reclamation reduce the non-Federal cost-share required for an appraisal investigation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RECLAMATION RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM Cost-Sharing § 404.32 Can Reclamation reduce the non-Federal cost-share required for an...

  15. 7 CFR 1484.50 - What cost share contributions are eligible?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What cost share contributions are eligible? 1484.50 Section 1484.50 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS PROGRAMS TO HELP DEVELOP FOREIGN...

  16. Understanding Barriers to Participation in Cost-Share Programs For Pollinator Conservation by Wisconsin (USA) Cranberry Growers

    PubMed Central

    Gratton, Claudio

    2017-01-01

    The expansion of modern agriculture has led to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitat, resulting in a global decline in biodiversity, including bees. In many countries, farmers can participate in cost-share programs to create natural habitat on their farms for the conservation of beneficial insects, such as bees. Despite their dependence on bee pollinators and the demonstrated commitment to environmental stewardship, participation in such programs by Wisconsin cranberry growers has been low. The objective of this study was to understand the barriers that prevent participation by Wisconsin cranberry growers in cost-share programs for on-farm conservation of native bees. We conducted a survey of cranberry growers (n = 250) regarding farming practices, pollinators, and conservation. Although only 10% of growers were aware of federal pollinator cost-share programs, one third of them were managing habitat for pollinators without federal aid. Once informed of the programs, 50% of growers expressed interest in participating. Fifty-seven percent of growers manage habitat for other wildlife, although none receive cost-share funding to do so. Participation in cost-share programs could benefit from outreach activities that promote the programs, a reduction of bureaucratic hurdles to participate, and technical support for growers on how to manage habitat for wild bees. PMID:28763038

  17. Understanding Barriers to Participation in Cost-Share Programs For Pollinator Conservation by Wisconsin (USA) Cranberry Growers.

    PubMed

    Gaines-Day, Hannah R; Gratton, Claudio

    2017-08-01

    The expansion of modern agriculture has led to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitat, resulting in a global decline in biodiversity, including bees. In many countries, farmers can participate in cost-share programs to create natural habitat on their farms for the conservation of beneficial insects, such as bees. Despite their dependence on bee pollinators and the demonstrated commitment to environmental stewardship, participation in such programs by Wisconsin cranberry growers has been low. The objective of this study was to understand the barriers that prevent participation by Wisconsin cranberry growers in cost-share programs for on-farm conservation of native bees. We conducted a survey of cranberry growers (n = 250) regarding farming practices, pollinators, and conservation. Although only 10% of growers were aware of federal pollinator cost-share programs, one third of them were managing habitat for pollinators without federal aid. Once informed of the programs, 50% of growers expressed interest in participating. Fifty-seven percent of growers manage habitat for other wildlife, although none receive cost-share funding to do so. Participation in cost-share programs could benefit from outreach activities that promote the programs, a reduction of bureaucratic hurdles to participate, and technical support for growers on how to manage habitat for wild bees.

  18. 32 CFR 37.550 - May I accept intellectual property as cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... software) as cost sharing, because: (1) It is difficult to assign values to these intangible contributions... offer the use of commercially available software for which there is an established license fee for use of the product. The costs of the development of the software would not be a reasonable basis for...

  19. 32 CFR 37.550 - May I accept intellectual property as cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... offer the use of commercially available software for which there is an established license fee for use of the product. The costs of the development of the software would not be a reasonable basis for... software) as cost sharing, because: (1) It is difficult to assign values to these intangible contributions...

  20. The economics of time shared computing: Congestion, user costs and capacity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Agnew, C. E.

    1982-01-01

    Time shared systems permit the fixed costs of computing resources to be spread over large numbers of users. However, bottleneck results in the theory of closed queueing networks can be used to show that this economy of scale will be offset by the increased congestion that results as more users are added to the system. If one considers the total costs, including the congestion cost, there is an optimal number of users for a system which equals the saturation value usually used to define system capacity.

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