Links between economic and financial theory in graduate health administration education.

PubMed

Pink, G H; Coyte, P C

1989-01-01

The curricula of graduate health administration programs have, historically, not articulated the theoretical links between health economics and health finance, although an understanding of these links could enhance comprehension of both disciplines. We provide a pedagogical approach that can be used to clarify these interconnections. It compares the standard neoclassical microeconomic concept of the hospital with the financial concept of the hospital, for the purpose of relating the optimal output decision in microeconomic theory to the optimal investment decision in financial theory. This approach can be taught in an advanced course in either economics or finance.

Rearing environment differentially modulates cocaine self-administration after opioid pretreatment: A behavioral economic analysis.

PubMed

Hofford, Rebecca S; Beckmann, Joshua S; Bardo, Michael T

2016-10-01

Research has shown that previous experiences during development, especially if stressful, can alter an organism's response to opioids later in life. Given the previous literature on opioid modulation of cocaine self-administration, the current study raised rats in either an enriched condition (EC) or isolated condition (IC) and employed behavioral economics to study the effects of naltrexone and morphine on cocaine self-administration. EC and IC rats were trained to lever press for cocaine using a within-session demand procedure. This procedure measured cocaine consumption under changing cocaine price by decreasing the dose of cocaine earned throughout a session. Rats were able to self-administer cocaine on a FR1; every 10min the cocaine dose was systematically decreased (0.75-0.003mg/kg/infusion cocaine). After reaching stability on this procedure, rats were randomly pretreated with 0, 0.3, 1, or 3mg/kg naltrexone once every 3days, followed by random pretreatments of 0, 0.3, 1, or 3mg/kg morphine once every 3days. Economic demand functions were fit to each rat's cocaine consumption from each pretreatment, and appropriate mathematical parameters were extracted and analyzed. Naltrexone decreased the essential value of cocaine in IC rats only. However, morphine decreased the essential value of cocaine and the consumption of cocaine at zero price in both EC and IC rats. These results indicate that environmental experiences during development should be considered when determining the efficacy of opioid drugs, especially for the treatment of substance abuse. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Facilities and Equipment for Home Economics Education: Consumer and Homemaking, Occupational Home Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Home Economics Education Section.

Suggestions and recommendations presented in this guide are intended to provide teachers, administrators, and architects who plan and equip home economics departments with the objectives and an overview of home economics education programs so that functional facilities will be designed. The first section, consumer and homemaking education, lists…

Functional digestive disorders (FDD) in the year 2000--economic impact.

PubMed

Fullerton, S

1998-01-01

The objective of this study is to quantify the future worldwide economic impact of functional gastrointestinal disease and to describe international differences that might exist between major industrialized countries. This study employs an econometric projection using data from the only known survey of national economic impact of functional gastrointestinal disease. Economic costs from this survey are combined with country specific population estimates, health care spending characteristics, and growth rates to estimate economic impact for major industrial countries. The estimated economic impact of functional gastrointestinal disease for eight major industrial countries is over 41 billion U.S. dollars annually. This estimate includes both direct and indirect costs of disease. The economic impact of functional gastrointestinal disease is large. Economic estimates are useful in policy decision making regarding the allocation of health care resources.

How Do Business and Government Interact? Combining Perspectives from Economics, Political Science, Public Administration, and Practitioners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Neill, Patrick B.; Harsell, Dana Michael

2015-01-01

The authors describe the theoretical preparation provided to students in advance of a limited-duration experiential learning experience in Washington DC in a Master's level course for students in Business or Public Administration. The students consider theoretical perspectives from economics, political science, and public administration with…

Determinants of Maths Performance of First-Year Business Administration and Economics Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laging, Angela; Voßkamp, Rainer

2017-01-01

This paper examines the determinants of mathematics performance of first-year students enrolled in several business administration and economics study programmes at the beginning of the first semester (T1) and nine weeks later (T2). A simple model of educational production, which is developed in accordance with the model of Schrader and Helmke…

The behavioral economics of drug self-administration: A review and new analytical approach for within-session procedures

PubMed Central

Bentzley, Brandon S.; Fender, Kimberly M.; Aston-Jones, Gary

2012-01-01

Rationale Behavioral-economic demand curve analysis offers several useful measures of drug self-administration. Although generation of demand curves previously required multiple days, recent within-session procedures allow curve construction from a single 110-min cocaine self-administration session, making behavioral-economic analyses available to a broad range of self-administration experiments. However, a mathematical approach of curve fitting has not been reported for the within-session threshold procedure. Objectives We review demand curve analysis in drug self-administration experiments and provide a quantitative method for fitting curves to single-session data that incorporates relative stability of brain drug concentration. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine, and then tested with the threshold procedure in which the cocaine dose was sequentially decreased on a fixed ratio-1 schedule. Price points (responses/mg cocaine) outside of relatively stable brain cocaine concentrations were removed before curves were fit. Curve-fit accuracy was determined by the degree of correlation between graphical and calculated parameters for cocaine consumption at low price (Q0) and the price at which maximal responding occurred (Pmax). Results Removing price points that occurred at relatively unstable brain cocaine concentrations generated precise estimates of Q0 and resulted in Pmax values with significantly closer agreement with graphical Pmax than conventional methods. Conclusion The exponential demand equation can be fit to single-session data using the threshold procedure for cocaine self-administration. Removing data points that occur during relatively unstable brain cocaine concentrations resulted in more accurate estimates of demand curve slope than graphical methods, permitting a more comprehensive analysis of drug self-administration via a behavioral-economic framework. PMID:23086021

Public sector administration of ecological economics systems using mediated modeling.

PubMed

van den Belt, Marjan; Kenyan, Jennifer R; Krueger, Elizabeth; Maynard, Alison; Roy, Matthew Galen; Raphael, Ian

2010-01-01

In today's climate of government outsourcing and multiple stakeholder involvement in public sector management and service delivery, it is more important than ever to rethink and redesign the structure of how policy decisions are made, implemented, monitored, and adapted to new realities. The traditional command-and-control approach is now less effective because an increasing amount of responsibility to deliver public goods and services falls on networks of nongovernment agencies. Even though public administrators are seeking new decision-making models in an increasingly more complex environment, the public sector currently only sparsely utilizes Mediated Modeling (MM). There is growing evidence, however, that by employing MM and similar tools, public interest networks can be better equipped to deal with their long-term viability while maintaining the short-term needs of their clients. However, it may require a shift in organizational culture within and between organizations to achieve the desired results. This paper explores the successes and barriers to implementing MM and similar tools in the public sector and offers insights into utilizing them through a review of case studies and interdisciplinary literature. We aim to raise a broader interest in MM and similar tools among public sector administrators at various administrative levels. We focus primarily, but not exclusively, on those cases operating at the interface of ecology and socio-economic systems.

Management of business economic growth as function of resource rents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prljić, Stefan; Nikitović, Zorana; Stojanović, Aleksandra Golubović; Cogoljević, Dušan; Pešić, Gordana; Alizamir, Meysam

2018-02-01

Economic profit could be influenced by economic rents. However natural resource rents provided different impact on the economic growth or economic profit. The main focus of the study was to evaluate the economic growth as function of natural resource rents. For such a purpose machine learning approach, artificial neural network, was used. The used natural resource rents were coal rents, forest rents, mineral rents, natural gas rents and oil rents. Based on the results it is concluded that the machine learning approach could be used as the tool for the economic growth evaluation as function of natural resource rents. Moreover the more advanced approaches should be incorporated to improve more the forecasting accuracy.

The status of PhD education in economic, social, and administrative sciences between 2005 and 2008.

PubMed

Farley, Joel F; Wang, Chi-Chuan; Blalock, Susan J

2010-09-10

To describe the funding, education, enrollment, and graduation patterns from economic, social, and administrative sciences PhD programs in colleges and schools of pharmacy in the United States. Economic, social, and administrative sciences PhD programs were identified from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Web site. A 41-item online survey instrument was sent to the director of graduate studies of each identified program. Only programs offering a PhD degree were included in the study. Of the 26 programs surveyed, 20 (77%) provided useable responses to the survey instrument. Approximately 91% of PhD programs guarantee funding to incoming students with an average commitment of 2.9 years. On average, students were paid a stipend of $18,000 per year for commitments to research and teaching assistantships, each averaging approximately 2 years in length. Programs admitted an average of 3.5 students per year and graduated approximately 85% of entering students. The majority of students are non-US citizens and accept positions in either academic or industrial positions after graduation. Most economic, social, and administrative sciences PhD programs guarantee funding to incoming PhD candidates. Programs offering funding packages significantly below the average may be at a competitive disadvantage. It is unclear whether the number of students graduating from PhD programs is adequate to fulfill academic and industrial needs.

Policy responses during the Trump administration to older people's growing economic risk exposure.

PubMed

Tolson, Michele E; Weller, Christian E

2018-04-10

Economic risk exposure through increased labor market volatility and growing caregiving responsibilities has risen for older Americans. At the same time, key protections such as unemployment insurance and Social Security have declined, while other protections-particularly in the private market-are limited or nonexistent. Social policy can lower the chance of risk exposure and the associated costs, especially with respect to unemployment and caregiving. In virtually all instances, however, the Trump administration has already moved to weaken existing protections. And it has offered either no proposals or very limited proposals to increase protections in the private sector As a result, an aging population will increasingly face rising economic risks on their own.

Chronic clenbuterol administration negatively alters cardiac function.

PubMed

Sleeper, Margaret M; Kearns, Charles F; McKeever, Kenneth H

2002-04-01

Chronic administration of pharmacological levels of beta2-agonists have been shown to have toxic effects on the heart; however, no data exist on cardiac function after chronic clenbuterol administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of therapeutic levels of clenbuterol on cardiac performance. Twenty unfit Standardbred mares were divided into four experimental groups: clenbuterol (2.4 microg.kg(-1) twice daily 5 d.wk(-1)) plus exercise (20 min at 50% .VO(2max)) (CLENEX; N = 6), clenbuterol (CLEN; N = 6), exercise (EX; N = 4), and control (CON; N = 4). M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (2.5-MHz sector scanner transducer) were used to measure cardiac size and function before and immediately after an incremental exercise test, before and after 8 wk of drug and/or exercise treatments. After treatment, CLENEX and CLEN demonstrated significantly higher left ventricular internal dimension (LVD) at end diastole (+23.7 +/- 4.8%; +25.6 +/- 4.1%), LVD at end systole (+29.2 +/- 8.7%; +40.1 +/- 7.9%), interventricular septal wall thickness (IVS) at end diastole (+28.9 +/- 11.0%; +30.7 +/- 7.0%), IVS at end systole (+29.2 +/- 8.7%; +40.1 +/- 7.9%), and left ventricular posterior wall systolic thickness (+43.1 +/- 14.%; +45.8 +/- 14.1%). CLENEX and CLEN had significantly increased aortic root dimensions (+29.9 +/- 6.1%; +24.0 +/- 1.7%), suggesting increased risk of aortic rupture. Taken together, these data indicate that chronic clenbuterol administration may negatively alter cardiac function.

SELF-ADMINISTRATION AND BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS OF SECOND-GENERATION SYNTHETIC CATHINONES IN MALE RATS

PubMed Central

Huskinson, S.L.; Naylor, J.E.; Townsend, E.A.; Rowlett, J.K.; Blough, B.E.; Freeman, K.B.

2016-01-01

Rationale Synthetic cathinones have become increasingly available as drugs of abuse. Distribution of these drugs is made possible by altering the chemical structures of prohibited cathinones and marketing them under misleading labels. Very little is known about the relative reinforcing effectiveness of new synthetic cathinones relative to known drugs of abuse. Objective We examined self-administration of three second-generation synthetic cathinones: alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (alpha-PVP), 4-methyl-N-ethylcathinone (4-MEC), and 4-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-MePPP) relative to methamphetamine. Method Male, Sprague-Dawley rats, implanted with intravenous catheters, were trained to self-administer methamphetamine (0.05 mg/kg/injection) under a fixed-ratio schedule. Following training, various doses of methamphetamine (0.006-0.1 mg/kg/injection), alpha-PVP (0.0015-0.1 mg/kg/injection), 4-MEC (0.1-3.2 mg/kg/injection), or 4-MePPP (0.1-0.8 mg/kg/injection) were available for self-administration in separate groups, followed by a behavioral-economics evaluation of their reinforcing effectiveness. Results For all drugs, at least one dose functioned as a reinforcer. Alpha-PVP and 4-MePPP maintained the highest numbers of infusions per session and both were more effective reinforcers relative to methamphetamine. 4-MEC and methamphetamine were not significantly different in terms of infusions per session or reinforcing effectiveness. Conclusion Emerging synthetic cathinones whose primary pharmacological mechanism is to block dopamine uptake but with little effects on monoamine release or serotonin uptake may have a greater degree of abuse potential compared with known abused stimulants. PMID:27896377

The Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP) Discipline in US Schools and Colleges of Pharmacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alkhateeb, Fadi M.; Latif, David A.; Adkins, Rachel

2013-01-01

Schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States have struggled over the past several decades with identifying a consistent title for the broad body of knowledge related to the social, economic, behavioral, and administrative aspects of pharmacy. This paper examines the educational background and professional experience of those teaching…

Brief debrisoquin administration to assess central dopaminergic function in children.

PubMed

Riddle, M A; Shaywitz, B A; Leckman, J F; Anderson, G M; Shaywitz, S E; Hardin, M T; Ort, S I; Cohen, D J

1986-03-17

Central dopaminergic (DA) function in children was assessed by monitoring plasma-free homovanillic acid (pHVA) levels after brief (18 hour) administration with debrisoquin sulfate, a peripherally active antihypertensive agent that blocks peripheral, but not central, HVA production. Brief debrisoquin administration resulted in marked reductions in pHVA in each of six patients studied. In five of the six patients, post-debrisoquin pHVA levels remained relatively stable over the six-hour period of observation. No significant cardiovascular or behavioral side effects of debrisoquin were observed. The brief debrisoquin administration method appears to be a safe, simple, and potentially valid peripheral technique for evaluating aspects of central dopaminergic function in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. Additional work is needed to further establish this method's validity and reliability.

EFFECT OF SINGLE AND REPEATED TETRACYCLINE ADMINISTRATION ON THE PHAGOCYTIC FUNCTION OF RETICULENDOTHELIAL SYSTEMS

DTIC Science & Technology

It was previously established that single administration of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline to white mice stimulates the absorptive function of...upon repeated administration. The effect of single and repeated administration of chlortetracycline, tetracycline, and oxytetracycline on the absorptive function of mouse RES were studied.

Economic Pressure and Children's Psychological Functioning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robila, Mihaela; Krishnakumar, Ambika

2006-01-01

We examined the mediating role of family dynamics (marital quality, parental depression) in the link between economic pressure and child psychological functioning using the data from the National Survey of Family and Households (NSFH). From the initial multiethnic probability sample, we used a subsample of 2998 parents with a focal child 5 to 17…

Functional impairment and the economic consequences of female breast cancer.

PubMed

Chirikos, Thomas N; Russell-Jacobs, Anita; Jacobsen, Paul B

2002-01-01

Recent trends in breast cancer diagnosis and mortality suggest that long-term survivors are now more likely to be functionally impaired and, hence, more likely to experience adverse economic outcomes. This study tests whether women who have survived breast cancer for at least five years exhibit more, or more severe, functional impairments than otherwise similar women without breast cancer. It also tests whether women with more severe impairments experience poorer economic outcomes attributable to their functional status. A group of 105 breast cancer survivors was interviewed to obtain data on health and economic changes in the five-year period since diagnosis and initial treatment. An age- and work-matched group of 105 women without cancer was also interviewed to obtain the same data over the same time period. Key changes in the functional status of the subjects as well as economic outcomes such as changes in market earnings, household income, and insurance coverage were measured. Whether impairment is more severe in the breast cancer group than the comparison group was then tested statistically; whether economic outcomes are more adverse in more impaired than less impaired women regardless of their breast cancer status was also tested. The analysis turned up statistically significant evidence in regard to each of these relationships. Breast cancer survivors were more likely than controls to be functionally impaired at the five-year benchmark. Impaired women, in turn, were more likely to reduce work effort and experience downturns in market earnings, among other things. Policy and research implications are discussed.

Students' Understanding of the Function-Derivative Relationship When Learning Economic Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ariza, Angel; Llinares, Salvador; Valls, Julia

2015-01-01

The aim of this study is to characterise students' understanding of the function-derivative relationship when learning economic concepts. To this end, we use a fuzzy metric (Chang 1968) to identify the development of economic concept understanding that is defined by the function-derivative relationship. The results indicate that the understanding…

Catalogue of Workforce Information Sources: Decision Making Assistance for Regional Economic Development. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Labor, 2009

2009-01-01

In early 2006, The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), Employment and Training Administration (ETA) began an initiative called Workforce Innovation in Regional Economic Development (WIRED) to help regions create competitive conditions, integrate economic and workforce development activities, and demonstrate that talent development can successfully…

22 CFR 103.7 - Initiation of administrative enforcement proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Initiation of administrative enforcement proceedings. 103.7 Section 103.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS REGULATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION AND THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION...

22 CFR 103.7 - Initiation of administrative enforcement proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Initiation of administrative enforcement proceedings. 103.7 Section 103.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS REGULATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION AND THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION...

32 CFR 22.715 - Grants administration office functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Grants administration office functions. 22.715 Section 22.715 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND... Department of Defense (OIG, DoD), 400 Army-Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202). (4) Issuing timely management...

32 CFR 22.715 - Grants administration office functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Grants administration office functions. 22.715 Section 22.715 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND... Department of Defense (OIG, DoD), 400 Army-Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202). (4) Issuing timely management...

32 CFR 22.715 - Grants administration office functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Grants administration office functions. 22.715 Section 22.715 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND... Department of Defense (OIG, DoD), 400 Army-Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202). (4) Issuing timely management...

32 CFR 22.715 - Grants administration office functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Grants administration office functions. 22.715 Section 22.715 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND... Department of Defense (OIG, DoD), 400 Army-Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202). (4) Issuing timely management...

Economics of influenza vaccine administration timing for children.

PubMed

Lee, Bruce Y; Tai, Julie H Y; Bailey, Rachel R; Smith, Kenneth J; Nowalk, Andrew J

2010-03-01

To determine how much should be invested each year to encourage and operationalize the administration of influenza vaccine to children before November and how late the vaccine should be offered each year. Monte Carlo decision analytic computer simulation models. The children's influenza vaccination timing model quantified the incremental economic value of vaccinating a child earlier in the influenza season and the incremental cost of delaying vaccination. The children's monthly influenza vaccination decision model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating versus not vaccinating for every month of the influenza season. Getting children vaccinated by the end of October rather than when they are currently getting vaccinated could save society between $6.4 million and $9.2 million plus 653 and 926 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and third-party payers between $4.1 million and $6.1 million plus 647 to 942 QALYs each year. Decision makers may want to continue offering influenza vaccination to children at least through the end of December. Vaccinating with trivalent inactivated virus vaccine was more cost-effective than vaccinating with live attenuated influenza vaccine for every month. Policymakers could invest up to $6 million to $9 million a year to get children vaccinated in September or October without expending any net costs.

22 CFR 103.7 - Initiation of administrative enforcement proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Initiation of administrative enforcement proceedings. 103.7 Section 103.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS... papers and documentary evidence must be submitted in English. (h) Waiver. The failure of the respondent...

Administrative skills for academy physicians.

PubMed

Aluise, J J; Schmitz, C C; Bland, C J; McArtor, R E

To function effectively within the multifaceted environment of the academic medical center, academic physicians need to heighten their understanding of the economics of the health care system, and further develop their leadership and managerial skills. A literature base on organizational development and management education is now available, which addresses the unique nature of the professional organization, including academic medical centers. This article describes an administration development curriculum for academic physicians. Competency statements, instructional strategies, and references provide health care educators with a model for developing administrative skills programs for academic physicians and other health care professionals. The continuing success of the academic medical center as a responsive health care system may depend on the degree to which academic physicians and their colleagues in other fields gain sophistication in self-management and organizational administration. Health care educators can apply the competencies and instructional strategies offered in this article to administrative development programs for physicians and other health professionals in their institutions.

22 CFR 103.8 - Final agency decision after administrative proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Final agency decision after administrative proceedings. 103.8 Section 103.8 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS REGULATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION AND THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION...

22 CFR 103.8 - Final agency decision after administrative proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Final agency decision after administrative proceedings. 103.8 Section 103.8 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS REGULATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION AND THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION...

Using machine-learning methods to analyze economic loss function of quality management processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dzedik, V. A.; Lontsikh, P. A.

2018-05-01

During analysis of quality management systems, their economic component is often analyzed insufficiently. To overcome this issue, it is necessary to withdraw the concept of economic loss functions from tolerance thinking and address it. Input data about economic losses in processes have a complex form, thus, using standard tools to solve this problem is complicated. Use of machine learning techniques allows one to obtain precise models of the economic loss function based on even the most complex input data. Results of such analysis contain data about the true efficiency of a process and can be used to make investment decisions.

7 CFR 3700.4 - Authority to act for the Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority to act for the Administrator. 3700.4 Section 3700.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS § 3700.4 Authority to act for the...

7 CFR 3700.4 - Authority to act for the Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Authority to act for the Administrator. 3700.4 Section 3700.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS § 3700.4 Authority to act for the...

7 CFR 3700.4 - Authority to act for the Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Authority to act for the Administrator. 3700.4 Section 3700.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS § 3700.4 Authority to act for the...

7 CFR 3700.4 - Authority to act for the Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Authority to act for the Administrator. 3700.4 Section 3700.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS § 3700.4 Authority to act for the...

7 CFR 3700.4 - Authority to act for the Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Authority to act for the Administrator. 3700.4 Section 3700.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS § 3700.4 Authority to act for the...

Administrative skills for academic physicians.

PubMed

Aluise, J J; Scmitz, C C; Bland, C J; McArtor, R E

1989-01-01

To function effectively within the multifaceted environment of the academic medical center, academic physicians need to heighten their understanding of the economics of the health care system, and further develop their leadership and managerial skills. A literature base on organizational development and management education now exists that addresses the unique nature of the professional organization, including academic medical centers. This article describes an administration development curriculum for academic physicians. Competency statements, instructional strategies and references provide the academic physician with guidelines for expanding their professional expertise to include organizational and management skills. The continuing success of the academic medical center as a responsive health care system may depend upon the degree to which academic physicians gain sophistication in self-management and organizational administration.

Higher Educational Consortia Organization: Functional Structures of Administration and Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lepchenske, George L.

The administrative and functional organization of higher education consortia are discussed. The need for cooperation between individual institutions has been established; one lone institution cannot encompass all knowledge generated. The rapid growth of consortia has generated extensive services, funding sources, developmental activities,…

The Historical Role of the Production Function in Economics and Business

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, David; Vaughan, Richard

2011-01-01

The production function explains a basic technological relationship between scarce resources, or inputs, and output. This paper offers a brief overview of the historical significance and operational role of the production function in business and economics. The origin and development of this function over time is initially explored. Several…

Assessment of central dopaminergic function using plasma-free homovanillic acid after debrisoquin administration.

PubMed

Riddle, M A; Leckman, J F; Cohen, D J; Anderson, M; Ort, S I; Caruso, K A; Shaywitz, B A

1986-01-01

Central dopaminergic (DA) function in children and adults was assessed by monitoring plasma-free levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (pHVA) before and after a single oral dose and chronic oral administration of debrisoquin. Debrisoquin inhibits peripheral metabolism of dopamine to HVA and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. By reducing peripheral formation of HVA through the use of debrisoquin, the remaining HVA in plasma more accurately reflects central DA activity. Debrisoquin administration resulted in marked reductions of pHVA in each of 12 patients studied. Eleven of the 12 subjects tolerated debrisoquin without physical or behavioral side effects. The debrisoquin administration method appears to be a safe and potentially valid technique for evaluating aspects of central dopaminergic function in children and adults.

Short-term estriol administration modulates hypothalamo-pituitary function in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA).

PubMed

Genazzani, Alessandro D; Podfigurna-Stopa, Agnieszka; Czyzyk, Adam; Katulski, Krzysztof; Prati, Alessia; Despini, Giulia; Angioni, Stefano; Simoncini, Tommaso; Meczekalski, Blazej

2016-01-01

To evaluate the influence of short-term estriol administration (10 d) on the hypothalamus-pituitary function and gonadotropins secretion in patients affected by functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). Controlled clinical study on patients with FHA (n = 12) in a clinical research environment. Hormonal determinations and gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone [LH] and FSH) response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) bolus (10 μg) at baseline condition and after 10 d of therapy with 2 mg/d of estriol per os. Measurements of plasma LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, insulin, cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine. After treatment, the FHA patients showed a statistically significant increase of both LH and FSH plasma levels and the significant increase of their responses to the GnRH bolus. Estriol short-term therapy modulates within 10 d of administration the neuroendocrine control of the hypothalamus-pituitary unit and induces the recovery of both gonadotropins synthesis and secretion in hypogonadotropic patients with FHA.

13 CFR 303.5 - Eligible administrative expenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... 303.5 Section 303.5 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES § 303.5 Eligible administrative expenses. In accordance with applicable Federal cost principles, Planning Investments may be used...

21 CFR 13.15 - Separation of functions; ex parte communications; administrative support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Separation of functions; ex parte communications... HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PUBLIC HEARING BEFORE A PUBLIC BOARD OF INQUIRY General Provisions § 13.15 Separation of functions; ex parte communications; administrative support. (a) The proceeding of a Board are...

5 CFR 841.405 - Economic assumptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Economic assumptions. 841.405 Section 841... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Government Costs § 841.405 Economic assumptions. The determinations of the normal cost percentage will be based on the economic assumptions...

5 CFR 841.405 - Economic assumptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Economic assumptions. 841.405 Section 841... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Government Costs § 841.405 Economic assumptions. The determinations of the normal cost percentage will be based on the economic assumptions...

5 CFR 841.405 - Economic assumptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Economic assumptions. 841.405 Section 841... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Government Costs § 841.405 Economic assumptions. The determinations of the normal cost percentage will be based on the economic assumptions...

5 CFR 841.405 - Economic assumptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Economic assumptions. 841.405 Section 841... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Government Costs § 841.405 Economic assumptions. The determinations of the normal cost percentage will be based on the economic assumptions...

5 CFR 841.405 - Economic assumptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Economic assumptions. 841.405 Section 841... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Government Costs § 841.405 Economic assumptions. The determinations of the normal cost percentage will be based on the economic assumptions...

Potential Functions and the Characterization of Economics-Based Information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haven, Emmanuel

2015-10-01

The formulation of quantum mechanics as a diffusion process by Nelson (Phys Rev 150:1079-1085, 1966) provides for an interesting approach on how we may transit from classical mechanics into quantum mechanics. Besides the presence of the real potential function, another type of potential function (often denoted as `quantum potential') forms an intrinsic part of this theory. In this paper we attempt to show how both types of potential functions can have a use in a resolutely macroscopic context like financial asset pricing. We are particularly interested in uncovering how the `quantum potential' can add to the economics-based relevant information which is already supplied by the real potential function.

Challenges and opportunities in healthcare volunteer management: insights from volunteer administrators.

PubMed

Rogers, Sean E; Rogers, Carmen M; Boyd, Karen D

2013-01-01

Volunteer administrators from 105 hospitals in five states in the northeast and southern United States provided open-ended survey responses about what they perceived to be the most pressing challenges and opportunities facing healthcare volunteer management. Taken together, these 105 hospitals used a total of 39,008 volunteers and 5.3 million volunteer hours during a 12-month period between 2010 and 2011. A qualitative content analysis of administrator responses suggests that primary challenges include volunteer recruitment and retention, administrative issues, and operational difficulties brought about by the current economic crisis. Key opportunities include more explicitly linking the volunteer function to hospital outcomes and community impact, expanding volunteer recruitment pools and roles and jobs, and developing organizational support for volunteers and making the volunteer management function more efficient and effective.

Determinants of Grades in Maths for Students in Economics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cappellari, Lorenzo; Lucifora, Claudio; Pozzoli, Dario

2012-01-01

This paper investigates the determinants of grades achieved in maths by first-year students in economics. We use individual administrative data from 1993 to 2005 to fit an educational production function. Our main findings suggest that good secondary school achievements and the type of school attended are significantly associated with maths…

Black Administrators and Administrative Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harper, Robert

1975-01-01

The stated objective of this paper is to keep the Black administrator out of court by creating an awareness of legal pitfalls: the discussion is divided into four sections--a brief overview of some of the functions of administrators and administrative agencies, sharing information with the public, the use of discretion, and limitations of the…

FDA actions against health economic promotions, 2002-2011.

PubMed

Neumann, Peter J; Bliss, Sarah K

2012-01-01

To investigate Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory actions against drug companies' health economic promotions from 2002 through 2011 to understand how frequently and in what circumstances the agency has considered such promotions false or misleading. We reviewed all warning letters and notices of violation ("untitled letters") issued by the FDA's Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising and Communications (DDMAC) to pharmaceutical companies from January 2002 through December 2011. We analyzed letters containing a violation related to "health economic promotion," defined according to one of several categories (e.g., implied claims of cost savings due to work productivity or economic claims containing unsupported statements about effectiveness or safety). We also collected information on factors such as the indication and type of media involved and whether the letter referenced Section 114 of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act. Of 291 DDMAC letters sent to pharmaceutical companies during the study period, 35 (12%) cited a health economic violation. The most common type of violation cited was an implied claim of cost savings due to work productivity or functioning (found in 20 letters) and economic claims containing unsubstantiated comparative claims of effectiveness, safety, or interchangeability (7 letters). The violations covered various indications, mostly commonly psychiatric disorders (6 letters) and pain (6 letters). No DDMAC letter pertained to Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act Section 114. The FDA has cited inappropriate health economic promotions in roughly 12% of the letters issued by the DDMAC. The letters highlight drug companies' interest in promoting the value of their products and the FDA's concerns in certain cases about the lack of supporting evidence. Copyright © 2012 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 2.68 - Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... committees concerned with agricultural science, education, and development activities, including library and... Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics § 2.68 Administrator, National Agricultural..., Education, and Economics to the Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service: (1) Prepare crop...

7 CFR 2.68 - Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... committees concerned with agricultural science, education, and development activities, including library and... Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics § 2.68 Administrator, National Agricultural..., Education, and Economics to the Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service: (1) Prepare crop...

Self-administration of the synthetic cathinone MPDV enhances reward function via a nicotinic receptor dependent mechanism.

PubMed

Geste, Jean R; Pompilus, Marjory; Febo, Marcelo; Bruijnzeel, Adriaan W

2018-05-09

Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is an addictive synthetic drug with severe side effects. Previous studies have shown that MDPV has positive reinforcing properties. However, little is known about the effect of MDPV self-administration on the state of the brain reward system and the neuronal mechanisms by which MDPV mediates its effects. The goal of the present studies was to determine the effect of MDPV self-administration on reward function and the role of cholinergic neurotransmission in the reinforcing effects of MDPV. To study the effect of MDPV self-administration on the brain reward system, rats were prepared with intravenous catheters and intracranial self-stimulation electrodes (ICSS). For 10 days, the reward thresholds were assessed immediately before (23 h post prior session) and after 1 h of MDPV self-administration. The reward thresholds were decreased immediately after MDPV self-administration, which is indicative of a potentiation of brain reward function. The reward thresholds 23 h after MDPV intake gradually increased over time, which is indicative of anhedonia. Pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine decreased the self-administration of MDPV and completely prevented the decrease in reward thresholds. A control study with palatable chocolate pellets showed that responding for a natural reinforcer does not affect the state of the brain reward system. Furthermore, mecamylamine did not affect responding for food pellets. In conclusion, the self-administration of MDPV potentiates reward function and nAChR blockade prevents the reward enhancing effects of MDPV self-administration. Preventing the MDPV-induced increase in cholinergic neurotransmission might be a safe approach to diminish MDPV abuse. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Change in economic difficulties and physical and mental functioning: Evidence from British and Finnish employee cohorts.

PubMed

Lallukka, Tea; Ferrie, Jane E; Rahkonen, Ossi; Shipley, Martin J; Pietiläinen, Olli; Kivimäki, Mika; Marmot, Michael G; Lahelma, Eero

2013-09-01

The main aims of this longitudinal study were to (i) examine associations between changes in economic difficulties and health functioning among middle-aged employees and (ii) assess whether the associations remained after considering conventional domains of socioeconomic position. The associations were tested in two European welfare state occupational cohorts to strengthen the evidence base and improve generalizability. Data came from two cohorts: the Finnish Helsinki Health Study (baseline 2000-2002, follow-up 2007, N = 6328) and the British Whitehall II Study (baseline 1997-1999, follow-up 2003-2004, N = 4350). Responses to the survey item "finding it hard to afford adequate food and clothes and pay bills" repeated at baseline and follow-up were used to examine persistent, increasing, and decreasing economic difficulties. Poor physical and mental health functioning were denoted as being in the lowest quartile of the Short Form 36 physical and mental component summary. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for sex, age, childhood economic difficulties, household income at baseline and follow-up, employment status at follow-up, and baseline health functioning. We observed strong sex- and age-adjusted associations between increasing [odds ratio (OR) range 1.69-2.96] and persistent (OR range 2.54-3.21) economic difficulties and poorer physical and mental health functioning in both British and Finnish occupational cohorts. These associations remained after full adjustments. Those reporting decreasing difficulties over follow-up also had poorer functioning (OR range 1.30-1.61) compared to those who did not have difficulties at baseline, possibly reflecting residual effects of economic difficulties at baseline. Changes in economic difficulties are associated with poorer physical and mental health functioning independent of income, employment status, and baseline health functioning.

The Academic, Administrative, Economic, Social, and Psychological Problems Faced by Students of Textile and Clothing Major at King Abdul-Aziz University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alsubyani, Noor Abdulhadi

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to investigate the academic, administrative, economic, social, and psychological problems faced by students of Textile and fabric major at King Abdul-Aziz University. To achieve this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a sample of students in the Textile and fabric major, after the use of…

13 CFR 305.5 - Project administration by District Organization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Project administration by District Organization. 305.5 Section 305.5 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLIC WORKS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS Requirements for Approved Projects...

Clinical and economic analysis of delayed administration of antithymocyte globulin for induction therapy in kidney transplantation.

PubMed

McGillicuddy, John W; Taber, David J; Pilch, Nicole A; Kohout, Ryan K; Bratton, Charles F; Chavin, Kenneth D; Baliga, Prabhakar K

2013-03-01

The increasing number of marginal deceased kidney donors and an aging recipient population, prolonged hospitalization, and increased costs have destabilized the economic viability of kidney transplants. To determine if a delay in the administration of the day-of-discharge dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin would result in equivalent clinical outcomes with cost savings. Single-center, prospective, observational before-and-after study of adult kidney transplant recipients who received induction with rabbit antithymocyte globulin.Intervention-Patients who received a transplant between June 2006 and February 2009 and received rabbit antithymocyte globulin served as the control group. Patients who received a transplant between March 2009 and August 2010 and received rabbit antithymocyte globulin had the day-of-discharge dose delayed to the following day and administered in the clinic. A total of 231 patients (146 in the control group, 85 in the study group) were included. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. Patients who had delayed administration of rabbit antithymocyte globulin had shorter stays (3.9 vs 3.1 days, P< .001) and reduced inpatient costs for rabbit antithymocyte globulin (mean $860/patient); these changes were achieved without affecting acute rejection rates (5% vs 5%, P> .99) or readmission rates. In conclusion, delayed inpatient administration of rabbit antithymocyte globulin provided identical clinical outcomes while helping to reduce inpatient costs and increase timely discharges.

75 FR 4982 - Redelegation of Functions; Delegation of Authority to Drug Enforcement Administration Official

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-01

... which were vested in the Attorney General by the Controlled Substances Act and subsequently delegated to...-certification (21 CFR 1314.40). Redelegation of Authority The Attorney General has delegated his functions under...(b)). The Attorney General has also authorized the Administrator to redelegate any of his functions...

10 CFR 580.04 - Administrative procedures. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative procedures. [Reserved] 580.04 Section 580.04 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) CURTAILMENT PRIORITIES FOR ESSENTIAL AGRICULTURAL USES § 580.04 Administrative procedures. [Reserved] ...

Administration of intravenous morphine for acute pain in the emergency department inflicts an economic burden in Europe

PubMed Central

Casamayor, Montserrat; Hennebert, Marc; Brazzi, Luca; Prosen, Gregor

2018-01-01

Background Acute pain is among the leading causes of referral to the emergency department (ED) in industrialized countries. Its management mainly depends on intensity. Moderate-to-severe pain is treated with intravenous (IV) administered opioids, of which morphine is the most commonly used in the ED. We have estimated the burden of IV administration of morphine in the five key European countries (EU5) using a micro-costing approach. Scope A structured literature review was conducted to identify clinical guidelines for acute pain management in EU5 and clinical studies conducted in the ED setting. The data identified in this literature review constituted the source for all model input parameters, which were clustered as analgesic (morphine), material used for IV morphine administration, nurse workforce time and management of morphine-related adverse events and IV-related complications. Findings The cost per patient of IV morphine administration in the ED ranges between €18.31 in Spain and €28.38 in Germany. If costs associated with the management of morphine-related adverse events and IV-related complications are also considered, the total costs amount to €121.13–€132.43. The main driver of those total costs is the management of IV-related complications (phlebitis, extravasation and IV prescription errors; 73% of all costs) followed by workforce time (14%). Conclusions IV morphine provides effective pain relief in the ED, but the costs associated with the IV administration inflict an economic burden on the respective national health services in EU5. An equally rapid-onset and efficacious analgesic that does not require IV administration could reduce this burden. PMID:29675049

Economic Downturns, Retirement and Long-Term Cognitive Function Among Older Americans.

PubMed

Hessel, Philipp; Riumallo-Herl, Carlos J; Leist, Anja K; Berkman, Lisa F; Avendano, Mauricio

2018-04-16

Workers approaching retirement may be particularly vulnerable to economic downturns. This study assesses whether exposure to economic downturns around retirement age leads to poorer cognitive function in later life. Longitudinal data for 13,577 individuals in the Health and Retirement Study were linked to unemployment rates in state of residence. Random- and fixed-effect models were used to examine whether downturns at 55-64 years of age were associated with cognitive functioning levels and decline at ≥65 years, measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. Longer exposure to downturns at 55-64 years of age was associated with lower levels of cognitive function at ≥65 years. Compared to individuals experiencing only up to 1 year in a downturn at 55-64 years of age, individuals experiencing two downturns at these ages had 0.09 point (95% Confidence Interval [CI, -0.17, -0.02]) lower cognitive functioning scores at ≥65 years (3 years: b = -0.17, 95%CI [-0.29, -0.06]; 4 years: b = -0.14, 95%CI [-0.25, -0.02]; ≥5 years: b = -0.22, 95%CI [-0.38, -0.06]). Downturns at 55-64 years of age were not associated with rates of cognitive decline. Exposure to downturns around retirement is associated with a long-lasting decline in cognitive function in later life. Policies mitigating the impact of downturns on older workers may help to maintain cognitive function in later life.

The Contingency of Cocaine Administration Accounts for Structural and Functional Medial Prefrontal Deficits and Increased Adrenocortical Activation

PubMed Central

Anderson, Rachel M.; Cosme, Caitlin V.; Glanz, Ryan M.; Miller, Mary C.; Romig-Martin, Sara A.; LaLumiere, Ryan T.

2015-01-01

The prelimbic region (PL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in the relapse of drug-seeking behavior. Optimal mPFC functioning relies on synaptic connections involving dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons, whereas prefrontal dysfunction resulting from elevated glucocorticoids, stress, aging, and mental illness are each linked to decreased apical dendritic branching and spine density in pyramidal neurons in these cortical fields. The fact that cocaine use induces activation of the stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis raises the possibility that cocaine-related impairments in mPFC functioning may be manifested by similar changes in neuronal architecture in mPFC. Nevertheless, previous studies have generally identified increases, rather than decreases, in structural plasticity in mPFC after cocaine self-administration. Here, we use 3D imaging and analysis of dendritic spine morphometry to show that chronic cocaine self-administration leads to mild decreases of apical dendritic branching, prominent dendritic spine attrition in PL pyramidal neurons, and working memory deficits. Importantly, these impairments were largely accounted for in groups of rats that self-administered cocaine compared with yoked-cocaine- and saline-matched counterparts. Follow-up experiments failed to demonstrate any effects of either experimenter-administered cocaine or food self-administration on structural alterations in PL neurons. Finally, we verified that the cocaine self-administration group was distinguished by more protracted increases in adrenocortical activity compared with yoked-cocaine- and saline-matched controls. These studies suggest a mechanism whereby increased adrenocortical activity resulting from chronic cocaine self-administration may contribute to regressive prefrontal structural and functional plasticity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stress, aging, and mental illness are each linked to decreased prefrontal plasticity. Here, we show that chronic

Supplementary Administration of Everolimus Reduces Cardiac Systolic Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

PubMed

Tsujimura, Kazuma; Ota, Morihito; Chinen, Kiyoshi; Nagayama, Kiyomitsu; Oroku, Masato; Nishihira, Morikuni; Shiohira, Yoshiki; Abe, Masami; Iseki, Kunitoshi; Ishida, Hideki; Tanabe, Kazunari

2017-05-26

BACKGROUND The effect of everolimus, one of the mammalian targets of rapamycin inhibitors, on cardiac function was evaluated in kidney transplant recipients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-six participants who underwent kidney transplant between March 2009 and May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. To standardize everolimus administration, the following criteria were used: (1) the recipient did not have a donor-specific antigen before kidney transplantation; (2) the recipient did not have proteinuria and uncontrollable hyperlipidemia after kidney transplantation; and (3) acute rejection was not observed on protocol biopsy 3 months after kidney transplantation. According to these criteria, everolimus administration for maintenance immunosuppression after kidney transplantation was included. Cardiac function was compared between the treatment group (n=30) and non-treatment group (n=46). RESULTS The mean observation periods of the treatment and non-treatment groups were 41.3±12.6 and 43.9±19.8 months, respectively (p=0.573). The mean ejection fraction and fractional shortening of the treatment and non-treatment groups after kidney transplant were 66.5±7.9% vs. 69.6±5.5% (p=0.024) and 37.1±6.2% vs. 39.3±4.7% (p=0.045), respectively. In the treatment group, the mean ejection fraction and fractional shortening before and after kidney transplantation did not differ significantly (p=0.604 and 0.606, respectively). In the non-treatment group, the mean ejection fraction and fractional shortening before and after kidney transplantation differed significantly (p=0.004 and 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Supplementary administration of everolimus after kidney transplantation can reduce cardiac systolic function.

77 FR 19178 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-30

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economic Development Administration Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy AGENCY: Economic Development Administration... to John Cobb, Program Analyst, Office of Regional Affairs, Room 7009, Economic Development...

A Comparative Study of the Roles and Functions of School Principals and Bilingual Program Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanchez,Gilbert; Cali, Alfred J.

This study was designed to compare time allocations to major functions actually performed and idealized by bilingual administrators and principals; to rank specific procedures used in accomplishing these functions; to determine staffing patterns, and program and organizational characteristics; and to isolate personal/professional demographics of…

Role and Function of the Minority Administrator

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Joyce H.

1977-01-01

Examines the history of administrator selection in urban areas and delineates the role of the minority administrator today. Presented at the First Annual Conference on The Minorities' Right to Post-Secondary Education, October 18, 1974. (HMV)

Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for web-based administration.

PubMed

Crisp, Catrina C; Fellner, Angela N; Pauls, Rachel N

2015-02-01

Web-based questionnaires are becoming increasingly valuable for clinical research. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is the gold standard for evaluating female sexual function; yet, it has not been validated in this format. We sought to validate the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for web-based administration. Subjects enrolled in a web-based research survey of sexual function from the general population were invited to participate in this validation study. The first 151 respondents were included. Validation participants completed the web-based version of the FSFI followed by a mailed paper-based version. Demographic data were collected for all subjects. Scores were compared using the paired t test and the intraclass correlation coefficient. One hundred fifty-one subjects completed both web- and paper-based versions of the FSFI. Those subjects participating in the validation study did not differ in demographics or FSFI scores from the remaining subjects in the general population study. Total web-based and paper-based FSFI scores were not significantly different (mean 20.31 and 20.29 respectively, p = 0.931). The six domains or subscales of the FSFI were similar when comparing web and paper scores. Finally, intraclass correlation analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between total and subscale scores, r = 0.848-0.943, p < 0.001. Web-based administration of the FSFI is a valid alternative to the paper-based version.

75 FR 24781 - Task Force on Space Industry Workforce and Economic Development

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-06

... of May 3, 2010 Task Force on Space Industry Workforce and Economic Development Memorandum for the... Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration[,] the Chair of the Council of Economic... Policy[, and] the Director of the National Economic Council My Administration is committed to...

Audience Production Functions: A New Look at the Economics of Broadcasting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gandy, Oscar H., Jr.

Because broadcasting is an industry that produces goods and services for sale, any government action which would limit its technical and economic efficiency represents a serious threat. Program violence raises much criticism; at the same time, the industry recognizes its audience-producing value. An audience production function estimate was…

Public Finance Administration. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reed, B. J.; Swain, John W.

This book is intended for the nonexpert in finance who has a public administration background. It opens with a broad introduction to public finance administration and how this job is related to public budgeting, the practice of public-sector accounting, and the economic concepts of money and value. Issues surrounding public revenue, its sources,…

Estriol administration modulates luteinizing hormone secretion in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.

PubMed

Genazzani, Alessandro D; Meczekalski, Blazej; Podfigurna-Stopa, Agnieszka; Santagni, Susanna; Rattighieri, Erica; Ricchieri, Federica; Chierchia, Elisa; Simoncini, Tommaso

2012-02-01

To evaluate the influence of estriol administration on the hypothalamus-pituitary function and gonadotropins secretion in patients affected by functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). Controlled clinical study. Patients with FHA in a clinical research environment. Twelve hypogonadotropic patients affected by FHA. Pulsatility study of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test (10 μg in bolus) at baseline condition and after 8 weeks of therapy with 2 mg/day of estriol. Measurements of plasma LH, FSH, estradiol (E(2)), androstenedione (A), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), cortisol, androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT(3)), free thyroxine (fT(4)), and insulin, and pulse detection. After treatment, the FHA patients showed a statistically significant increase of LH plasma levels (from 0.7 ± 0.1 mIU/mL to 3.5 ± 0.3 mIU/mL) and a statistically significant increase of LH pulse amplitude with no changes in LH pulse frequency. In addition, the LH response to the GnRH bolus was a statistically significant increase. Estriol administration induced the increase of LH plasma levels in FHA and improved GnRH-induced LH secretion. These findings suggest that estriol administration modulates the neuroendocrine control of the hypothalamus-pituitary unit and induces the recovery of LH synthesis and secretion in hypogonadotropic patients with FHA. Copyright © 2012 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Economic Understanding and BEC National Level Students. Research Papers in Economics Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Barrie

The implementation of a unified national system of non-degree courses in business administration, the Business Economic Council (BEC) courses, replaced the ordinary national diploma and certificate courses in business administration in British colleges in the 1970's. Widespread faculty concern that these new courses have not been providing…

Social and economic conditions in childhood and the progression of functional health problems from midlife into old age

PubMed Central

Agahi, Neda; Shaw, Benjamin A; Fors, Stefan

2014-01-01

Background Childhood living conditions have been found to predict health and mortality in midlife and in old age. This study examines the associations between social and economic childhood conditions and the onset and progression of functional health problems from midlife into old age, and the extent to which potential associations are mediated by educational attainment and smoking. Methods Data from the Level of Living Survey and the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old were merged to create a longitudinal data set with five repeated measures from 1968 to 2004 (n=1765, aged 30–50 years and free from functional health problems at baseline). Multilevel regression models were used to analyse retrospective reports of social and economic conditions in childhood (eg, conflicts or economic problems in the family) in relation to the progression of functional health problems over the 36-year period. Results Results showed that social and economic disadvantages in childhood were associated with an earlier onset and a faster progression of functional health problems from midlife into old age. Subsequent models showed that differences in educational attainment, but not smoking, explained much of the association between childhood disadvantages and trajectories of functional health problems. Conclusions According to these results, adverse social and economic conditions in childhood affect the development of functional health problems from midlife into old age indirectly through less favourable life careers, including lower education. Creating equal opportunities for educational attainment may help reduce the long-term effects of disadvantaged childhood conditions and postpone functional health problems. PMID:24759781

13 CFR 301.3 - Economic distress levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Economic distress levels. 301.3 Section 301.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Economic Distress Criteria § 301.3 Economic distress...

13 CFR 301.3 - Economic distress levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Economic distress levels. 301.3 Section 301.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Economic Distress Criteria § 301.3 Economic distress...

13 CFR 301.3 - Economic distress levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Economic distress levels. 301.3 Section 301.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Economic Distress Criteria § 301.3 Economic distress...

13 CFR 301.3 - Economic distress levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Economic distress levels. 301.3 Section 301.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Economic Distress Criteria § 301.3 Economic distress...

System administrator`s guide to CDPS. Version 1.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Didier, B.T.; Portwood, M.H.

The System Administrator`s Guide to CDPS is intended for those responsible for setting up and maintaining the hardware and software of a Common Mapping Standard (CMS) Date Production System (CDPS) installation. This guide assists the system administrator in performing typical administrative functions. It is not intended to replace the Ultrix Documentation Set that should be available for a DCPS installation. The Ultrix Documentation Set will be required to provide details on referenced Ultrix commands as well as procedures for performing Ultrix maintenance functions. There are six major sections in this guide. Section 1 introduces the system administrator to CDPS andmore » describes the assumptions that are made by this guide. Section 2 describes the CDPS platform configuration. Section 3 describes the platform preparation that is required to install the CDPS software. Section 4 describes the CPS software and its installation procedures. Section 5 describes the CDS software and its installation procedures. Section 6 describes various operation and maintenance procedures. Four appendices are also provided. Appendix A contains a list of used acronyms. Appendix B provides a terse description of common Ultrix commands that are used in administrative functions. Appendix C provides sample CPS and CDS configuration files. Appendix D provides a required list and a recommended list of Ultrix software subsets for installation on a CDPS platform.« less

Lung function in children in relation to ethnicity, physique and socio-economic factors

PubMed Central

Lum, Sooky; Bountziouka, Vassiliki; Sonnappa, Samatha; Wade, Angie; Cole, Tim J; Harding, Seeromanie; Wells, Jonathan CK; Griffiths, Chris; Treleaven, Philip; Bonner, Rachel; Kirkby, Jane; Lee, Simon; Raywood, Emma; Legg, Sarah; Sears, Dave; Cottam, Philippa; Feyeraband, Colin; Stocks, Janet

2015-01-01

Question Can ethnic differences in spirometry be attributed to differences in physique and socio-economic factors? Methods Assessments were undertaken in 2171 London primary school-children on two occasions a year apart whenever possible, as part of the Size and Lung function In Children study. Measurements included spirometry, detailed anthropometry, 3-D photonic scanning for regional body shape, body composition, information on ethnic ancestry, birth and respiratory history, socio-economic circumstances and tobacco smoke exposure. Results Technically acceptable spirometry was obtained from 1901 children (mean age: 8.3yrs (range: 5.2-11.8yrs), 46% boys, 35% White; 29% Black-African origin; 24% South-Asian; 12% Other/mixed) on 2767 test occasions. After adjusting for sex, age and height, FEV1 was 1.32, 0.89 and 0.51 z-score units lower in Black, South-Asian and Other ethnicity children respectively, when compared with White children, with similar decrements for FVC (p<0.001 for all). Although further adjustment for sitting height and chest width reduced differences attributable to ethnicity by up to 16%, significant differences persisted after adjusting for all potential determinants including socio-economic circumstances. Answer Ethnic differences in spirometric lung function persist despite adjusting for a wide range of potential determinants, including body physique and socio-economic circumstances, emphasising the need to use ethnic-specific equations when interpreting results. PMID:26493801

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF TAT-HKII PEPTIDE ADMINISTRATION ARE INDEPENDENT OF IMPAIRED VASCULAR FUNCTION AND ENSUING ISCHEMIA

PubMed Central

Nederlof, Rianne; Xie, Chaoqin; Eerbeek, Otto; Koeman, Anneke; Milstein, Dan MJ; Hollmann, Markus W; Mik, Egbert G; Warley, Alice; Southworth, Richard; Akar, Fadi G.; Zuurbier, Coert J

2013-01-01

Rationale We have shown that partial dissociation of HKII from mitochondria in the intact heart using low dose (200 nM) TAT-HKII prevents the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) whereas high-dose (10 μM) TAT-HKII administration results in rapid myocardial dysfunction, mitochondrial depolarization and disintegration. In this issue of Circulation Research, Pasdois et al argue that the deleterious effects of TAT-HKII administration on cardiac function are likely due to vasoconstriction and ensuing ischemia. Objective To investigate whether altered vascular function and ensuing ischemia recapitulate the deleterious effects of TAT-HKII in intact myocardium. Methods and Results Using a variety of complementary techniques, including mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) imaging, high-resolution optical action potential (AP) mapping, analysis of lactate production, NADH epifluorescence, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and electron microscopy, we provide direct evidence that refutes the notion that acute myocardial dysfunction by high-dose TAT-HKII peptide administration is a consequence of impaired vascular function. Moreover, we demonstrate that low-dose TAT-HKII treatment, which abrogates the protective effects of IPC, is not associated with ischemia or ischemic-injury. Conclusions Our findings challenge the notion that the effects of TAT-HKII are attributable to impaired vascular function and ensuing ischemia; thereby, lending further credence to the role of mitochondria bound HKII as a critical regulator of cardiac function, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and cardioprotection by IPC. PMID:23329797

76 FR 27739 - California Disaster #CA-00170 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment to the Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of California..., Washington, DC 20416. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The notice of the Administrator's economic injury disaster...

78 FR 73581 - Massachusetts Disaster #MA-00057 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-06

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts... given that as a result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury...

Epidemiologic and Economic Burden Attributable to First Spinal Fusion Surgery: Analysis From an Italian Administrative Database.

PubMed

Cortesi, Paolo A; Assietti, Roberto; Cuzzocrea, Fabrizio; Prestamburgo, Domenico; Pluderi, Mauro; Cozzolino, Paolo; Tito, Patrizia; Vanelli, Roberto; Cecconi, Davide; Borsa, Stefano; Cesana, Giancarlo; Mantovani, Lorenzo G

2017-09-15

Retrospective large population based-study. Assessment of the epidemiologic trends and economic burden of first spinal fusions. No adequate data are available regarding the epidemiology of spinal fusion surgery and its economic impact in Europe. The study population was identified through a data warehouse (DENALI), which matches clinical and economic data of different Healthcare Administrative databases of the Italian Lombardy Region. The study population consisted of all subjects, resident in Lombardy, who, during the period January 2001 to December 2010, underwent spinal fusion surgery (ICD-9-CM codes: 81.04, 81.05, 81.06, 81.07, and 81.08). The first procedure was used as the index event. We estimated the incidence of first spinal fusion surgery, the population and surgery characteristics and the healthcare costs from the National Health Service's perspective. The analysis was performed for the entire population and divided into the main groups of diagnosis. The analysis identified 17,772 [mean age (SD): 54.6 (14.5) years, 55.3% females] spinal fusion surgeries. Almost 67% of the patients suffered from a lumbar degenerative disease. The incidence rate of interventions increased from 11.5 to 18.5 per 100,000 person-year between 2001 and 2006, and was above 20.0 per 100,000 person-year in the last 4 years. The patients' mean age increased during the observational time period from 48.1 to 55.9 years; whereas the median hospital length of stay reported for the index event decreased. The average cost of the spinal fusion surgery increased during the observational period, from &OV0556; 4726 up to &OV0556; 9388. The study showed an increasing incidence of spinal fusion surgery and costs from 2001 to 2010. These results can be used to better understand the epidemiological and economic burden of these interventions, and help to optimize the resources available considering the different clinical approaches accessible today. 4.

Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin Administration on Sexual Functions in Healthy Women: A Laboratory Paradigm.

PubMed

Kruger, Tillmann H C; Deiter, Frank; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Jung, Stefanie; Schippert, Cordula; Kahl, Kai G; Heinrichs, Markus; Schedlowski, Manfred; Hartmann, Uwe

2018-06-01

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has a variety of physiological functions in maternal behavior and attachment including sexual behavior. Based on animal research and our previous human studies, we set out to investigate intranasal administration of OXT and hypothesized that OXT should be able to modulate sexual function in women. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover laboratory setting, the acute effects of intranasal administered OXT (24 international units) on sexual drive, arousal, orgasm, and refractory aspects of sexual behavior were analyzed in 27 healthy females (mean age ± SD, 27.52 ± 8.04) together with physiological parameters using vaginal photoplethysmography. Oxytocin administration showed no effect on subjective sexual parameters (eg, postorgasmic tension; P = 0.051). Physiological parameters (vaginal photoplethysmography amplitude and vaginal blood volume) showed a response pattern towards sexual arousal but were not affected by OXT. Using a well-established laboratory paradigm, we did not find that intranasal OXT influences female sexual parameters. Also, sexual drive and other functions were not affected by OXT. These findings indicate that OXT is not able to significantly increase subjective and objective parameters of sexual function in a setting with high internal validity; however, this might be different in a more naturalistic setting.

78 FR 40819 - Washington Disaster # WA-00038 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-08

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Washington, dated 06/27... given that as a result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury...

78 FR 49318 - Colorado Disaster # CO-00055 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-13

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Colorado, dated 08/06/2013... given that as a result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury...

76 FR 27738 - Connecticut Disaster #CT-00021 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Connecticut, dated 05/04... hereby given that as a result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury...

78 FR 61442 - California Disaster #CA-00213 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of California, dated 09/26... given that as a result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury...

78 FR 56979 - Oregon Disaster #OR-00051 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-16

... Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Oregon, dated 09/06/2013. Incident... result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury disaster loans may be...

78 FR 44186 - Colorado Disaster # CO-00058 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Colorado, dated 07/15/2013... given that as a result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury...

Lifestyle incongruity, stress and immune function in indigenous Siberians: the health impacts of rapid social and economic change.

PubMed

Sorensen, Mark V; Snodgrass, James J; Leonard, William R; McDade, Thomas W; Tarskaya, Larissa A; Ivanov, Kiundiul I; Krivoshapkin, Vadim G; Alekseev, Vladimir P

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of economic and cultural change on immune function and psychosocial stress in an indigenous Siberian population. We examined Epstein-Barr virus antibodies (EBV), an indirect biomarker of cell-mediated immune function, in venous whole blood samples collected from 143 Yakut (Sakha) herders (45 men and 98 women) in six communities using a cross-sectional study design. We modeled economic change through the analysis of lifestyle incongruity (LI), calculated as the disparity between socioeconomic status and material lifestyle, computed with two orthogonal scales: market and subsistence lifestyle. EBV antibody level was significantly negatively associated with both a market and a subsistence lifestyle, indicating higher cell-mediated immune function associated with higher material lifestyle scores. In contrast, LI was significantly positively associated with EBV antibodies indicating lower immune function, and suggesting higher psychosocial stress, among individuals with economic status in excess of material lifestyle. Individuals with lower incongruity scores (i.e., economic status at parity with material resources, or with material resources in excess of economic status) had significantly lower EBV antibodies. The findings suggest significant health impacts of changes in material well-being and shifting status and prestige markers on health during the transition to a market economy in Siberia. The findings also suggest that relative, as opposed to absolute, level of economic status or material wealth is more strongly related to stress in the Siberian context.

Losartan administration reduces fibrosis but hinders functional recovery after volumetric muscle loss injury.

PubMed

Garg, Koyal; Corona, Benjamin T; Walters, Thomas J

2014-11-15

Losartan is a Food and Drug Administration approved antihypertensive medication that is recently emerging as an antifibrotic therapy. Previously, losartan has been successfully used to reduce fibrosis and improve both muscle regeneration and function in several models of recoverable skeletal muscle injuries, such as contusion and laceration. In this study, the efficacy of losartan treatment in reducing fibrosis and improving regeneration was determined in a Lewis rat model of volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. VML has been defined as the traumatic or surgical loss of skeletal muscle with resultant functional impairment. It is among the top 10 causes for wounded service members to be medically retired from the military. This study shows that, after several weeks of recovery, VML injury results in little to no muscle regeneration, but is marked by persistent inflammation, chronic upregulation of profibrotic markers and extracellular matrix (i.e., collagen type I), and fat deposition at the defect site, which manifest irrecoverable deficits in force production. Losartan administration at 10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) was able to modulate the gene expression of fibrotic markers and was also effective at reducing fibrosis (i.e., the deposition of collagen type I) in the injured muscle. However, there were no improvements in muscle regeneration, and deleterious effects on muscle function were observed instead. We propose that, in the absence of regeneration, reduction in fibrosis worsens the ability of the VML injured muscle to transmit forces, which ultimately results in decreased muscle function.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Functional Literacy and Corporate Agendas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hyslop-Margison, Emery J.; Margison, Judith Ann

This paper examines the conception of functional literacy advanced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a 29-member organization of leading industrialized countries, as part of its 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS). The paper suggests that embedded within this conception of literacy and the discourse…

77 FR 76585 - Oregon Disaster #OR-00045 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-28

... Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Oregon, dated 12/12/2012. Incident: Pole... result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury disaster loans may be...

76 FR 23639 - Oklahoma Disaster #OK-00046 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-27

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Oklahoma, dated 04/19/2011... hereby given that as a result of the Administrator's EIDL declaration, applications for economic injury...

Behavioral Economics and Social Policy: Designing Innovative Solutions for Programs Supported by the Administration for Children and Families. OPRE Report No. 2014-16a

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richburg-Hayes, Lashawn; Anzelone, Caitlin; Dechausay, Nadine; Datta, Saugato; Fiorillo, Alexandra; Potok, Louis; Darling, Matthew; Balz, John

2014-01-01

The Behavioral Interventions to Advance Self-Sufficiency (BIAS) project is the first major opportunity to use a behavioral economics lens to look at programs that serve poor and vulnerable people in the United States. Sponsored by the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation of the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) within the U.S.…

13 CFR 301.3 - Economic distress levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Economic distress levels. 301.3 Section 301.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND PROPOSAL AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Economic Distress Criteria § 301.3...

Building a Research Administration Infrastructure at the Department Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chun, Maria B. J.

2010-01-01

Due to the current economic crisis, research administrators at public universities are grappling with declining state funding and are faced with identifying other potential sources of revenue to support operations. Research administrators at all levels are forced to do more with less. Department level research administrators must be innovative…

Consumer and Family Economics. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Home Economics Curriculum Center.

This consumer and family economics curriculum guide was developed for use in home economics education in Texas. At the beginning is a list of the competencies and the subcompetencies that are the essential elements and the subelements prescribed in the Texas Administrative Codes for Vocational Home Economics. The conceptual outline as shown in the…

Foundations of Occupational Home Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weis, Susan F.; And Others

This text is proposed as a foundation for occupational home economics. Intended for teachers, state and local supervisors, teacher educators, advisory council members, and vocational administrators, it provides an overview of the nature of home economics education, and explains how society's changing view of paid employment and women's roles…

Administration of recombinant activated factor VII in the intensive care unit after complex cardiovascular surgery: clinical and economic outcomes.

PubMed

Uber, Walter E; Toole, John M; Stroud, Martha R; Haney, Jason S; Lazarchick, John; Crawford, Fred A; Ikonomidis, John S

2011-06-01

Refractory bleeding after complex cardiovascular surgery often leads to increased length of stay, cost, morbidity, and mortality. Recombinant activated factor VII administered in the intensive care unit can reduce bleeding, transfusion, and surgical re-exploration. We retrospectively compared factor VII administration in the intensive care unit with reoperation for refractory bleeding after complex cardiovascular surgery. From 1501 patients who underwent cardiovascular procedures between December 2003 and September 2007, 415 high-risk patients were identified. From this cohort, 24 patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they either received factor VII in the intensive care unit (n = 12) or underwent reoperation (n = 12) for refractory bleeding. Preoperative and postoperative data were collected to compare efficacy, safety, and economic outcomes. In-hospital survival for both groups was 100%. Factor VII was comparable with reoperation in achieving hemostasis, with both groups demonstrating decreases in chest tube output and need for blood products. Freedom from reoperation was achieved in 75% of patients receiving factor VII, whereas reoperation was effective in achieving hemostasis alone in 83.3% of patients. Prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and median operating room time were significantly less (P < .05) in patients who received factor VII. Both groups had no statistically significant differences in other efficacy, safety, or economic outcomes. Factor VII administration in the intensive care unit appears comparable with reoperation for refractory bleeding after complex cardiovascular surgical procedures and might represent an alternative to reoperation in selected patients. Future prospective, randomized controlled trials might further define its role. Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Determinants of Grades in Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Pauline

Interest in the relationship between student characteristics and interests and economics grades led to the administration of a questionnaire to 565 students enrolled in principles of economics classes. The students who completed the questionnaire were among 1,000 students in 27 sections of macro and micro principles courses at Southeast Missouri…

Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration on human encoding and recall memory function: a pharmacological FMRI study.

PubMed

Bossong, Matthijs G; Jager, Gerry; van Hell, Hendrika H; Zuurman, Lineke; Jansma, J Martijn; Mehta, Mitul A; van Gerven, Joop M A; Kahn, René S; Ramsey, Nick F

2012-03-01

Deficits in memory function are an incapacitating aspect of various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Animal studies have recently provided strong evidence for involvement of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in memory function. Neuropsychological studies in humans have shown less convincing evidence but suggest that administration of cannabinoid substances affects encoding rather than recall of information. In this study, we examined the effects of perturbation of the eCB system on memory function during both encoding and recall. We performed a pharmacological MRI study with a placebo-controlled, crossover design, investigating the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhalation on associative memory-related brain function in 13 healthy volunteers. Performance and brain activation during associative memory were assessed using a pictorial memory task, consisting of separate encoding and recall conditions. Administration of THC caused reductions in activity during encoding in the right insula, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the left middle occipital gyrus and a network-wide increase in activity during recall, which was most prominent in bilateral cuneus and precuneus. THC administration did not affect task performance, but while during placebo recall activity significantly explained variance in performance, this effect disappeared after THC. These findings suggest eCB involvement in encoding of pictorial information. Increased precuneus activity could reflect impaired recall function, but the absence of THC effects on task performance suggests a compensatory mechanism. These results further emphasize the eCB system as a potential novel target for treatment of memory disorders and a promising target for development of new therapies to reduce memory deficits in humans.

76 FR 59111 - Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant..., Pub. L. 97-375 and Pub. L. 105-153), we are announcing a meeting of the Bureau of Economic Analysis...

77 FR 21081 - Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis. ACTION: Notice of Public Meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant..., Pub. L. 97-375 and Pub. L. 105-153), we are announcing a meeting of the Bureau of Economic Analysis...

76 FR 9743 - Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-22

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY..., Pub. L. 97-375 and Pub. L. 105-153), we are announcing a meeting of the Bureau of Economic Analysis...

77 FR 60965 - Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-05

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant..., Pub. L. 97-375 and Pub. L. 105-153), we are announcing a meeting of the Bureau of Economic Analysis...

78 FR 10599 - Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-14

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY..., Pub. L. 97-375 and Pub. L. 105-153), we are announcing a meeting of the Bureau of Economic Analysis...

75 FR 8922 - Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant..., Pub. L. 97-375 and Pub. L. 105-153), we are announcing a meeting of the Bureau of Economic Analysis...

75 FR 49890 - Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-16

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant..., Pub. L. 97-375 and Pub. L. 105-153), we are announcing a meeting of the Bureau of Economic Analysis...

77 FR 58901 - California Disaster #CA-00192; Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13290] California Disaster CA-00192; Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of California, dated 09/14...

77 FR 58901 - California Disaster #CA-00193; Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13291] California Disaster CA-00193; Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of California, dated 09/14...

Family economic strengthening and mental health functioning of caregivers for AIDS-affected children in rural Uganda.

PubMed

Wang, Julia Shu-Huah; Ssewamala, Fred M; Han, Chang-Keun

In sub-Saharan Africa, many extended families assume the role of caregivers for children orphaned by AIDS (AIDS-affected children). The economic and psychological stress ensued from caregiving duties often predispose caregivers to poor mental health outcomes. Yet, very few studies exist on effective interventions to support these caregivers. Using data from a randomized controlled trial called Suubi-Maka ( N = 346), this paper examines whether a family economic strengthening intervention among families caring for AIDS-affected children (ages 12-14) in Uganda would improve the primary caregivers' mental health functioning. The Suubi-Maka study comprised of a control condition ( n = 167) receiving usual care for AIDS-affected children, and a treatment condition ( n = 179) receiving a family economic strengthening intervention, including matched savings accounts, and financial planning and management training to incentivize families to save money for education and/or family-level income generating projects. This paper uses data from baseline/pre-intervention (wave 1) interviews with caregivers and 12-month post-intervention initiation (wave 2). The caregiver's mental health measure adapted from previous studies in sub- Saharan Africa had an internal consistency of .88 at wave 1 and .90 at wave 2. At baseline, the two study groups did not significantly differ on caregiver's mental health functioning. However, at 12-month follow-up, multiple regression analysis located significant differences between the two study groups on mental health functioning. Specifically, following the intervention, caregivers in the treatment condition reported positive improvements on their mental health functioning, especially in the symptom areas of obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and psychoticism. Findings point to a need for programs and policies aimed at supporting caregivers of AIDS-affected children to begin to consider incorporating family-level economic

Family economic strengthening and mental health functioning of caregivers for AIDS-affected children in rural Uganda

PubMed Central

Wang, Julia Shu-Huah; Ssewamala, Fred M.; Han, Chang-Keun

2015-01-01

In sub-Saharan Africa, many extended families assume the role of caregivers for children orphaned by AIDS (AIDS-affected children). The economic and psychological stress ensued from caregiving duties often predispose caregivers to poor mental health outcomes. Yet, very few studies exist on effective interventions to support these caregivers. Using data from a randomized controlled trial called Suubi-Maka (N = 346), this paper examines whether a family economic strengthening intervention among families caring for AIDS-affected children (ages 12–14) in Uganda would improve the primary caregivers’ mental health functioning. The Suubi-Maka study comprised of a control condition (n = 167) receiving usual care for AIDS-affected children, and a treatment condition (n = 179) receiving a family economic strengthening intervention, including matched savings accounts, and financial planning and management training to incentivize families to save money for education and/or family-level income generating projects. This paper uses data from baseline/pre-intervention (wave 1) interviews with caregivers and 12-month post-intervention initiation (wave 2). The caregiver’s mental health measure adapted from previous studies in sub- Saharan Africa had an internal consistency of .88 at wave 1 and .90 at wave 2. At baseline, the two study groups did not significantly differ on caregiver’s mental health functioning. However, at 12-month follow-up, multiple regression analysis located significant differences between the two study groups on mental health functioning. Specifically, following the intervention, caregivers in the treatment condition reported positive improvements on their mental health functioning, especially in the symptom areas of obsession–compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and psychoticism. Findings point to a need for programs and policies aimed at supporting caregivers of AIDS-affected children to begin to consider incorporating family

13 CFR 302.11 - Economic development information clearinghouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Economic development information clearinghouse. 302.11 Section 302.11 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE § 302.11 Economic development...

13 CFR 302.11 - Economic development information clearinghouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Economic development information clearinghouse. 302.11 Section 302.11 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE § 302.11 Economic development...

13 CFR 302.11 - Economic development information clearinghouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Economic development information clearinghouse. 302.11 Section 302.11 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE § 302.11 Economic development...

13 CFR 302.11 - Economic development information clearinghouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Economic development information clearinghouse. 302.11 Section 302.11 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE § 302.11 Economic development...

13 CFR 302.11 - Economic development information clearinghouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Economic development information clearinghouse. 302.11 Section 302.11 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE § 302.11 Economic development...

75 FR 56058 - Establishment of the Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee and Intention To Recruit New...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-15

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration Establishment of the Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee and Intention To Recruit New Members AGENCY: Economics and... Committee (the ``Committee') within the Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA), is in the public...

32 CFR 552.18 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... economical operation, administration, service, and supply of all individuals, units, and activities assigned... authorize labor representatives to enter the installation to distribute organizational literature and.... If a labor representative is denied entry for any reason, such denial will be reported to the Labor...

75 FR 54661 - Alaska Disaster #AK-00018 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-08

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12292] Alaska Disaster AK-00018 Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Alaska, dated 08/27/2010. Incident...

78 FR 67209 - Florida Disaster #FL-00094 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-08

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13804] Florida Disaster FL-00094 Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Florida, dated 10/31/2013...

13 CFR 303.7 - Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Economic Development Strategies. 303.7 Section 303.7 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES § 303.7 Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies. (a) General. CEDS are designed...

13 CFR 303.7 - Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Economic Development Strategies. 303.7 Section 303.7 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES § 303.7 Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies. (a) General. CEDS are designed...

13 CFR 303.7 - Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Economic Development Strategies. 303.7 Section 303.7 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES § 303.7 Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies. (a) General. CEDS are designed...

13 CFR 303.7 - Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Economic Development Strategies. 303.7 Section 303.7 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES § 303.7 Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies. (a) General. CEDS are designed...

13 CFR 303.7 - Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Economic Development Strategies. 303.7 Section 303.7 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES § 303.7 Requirements for Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies. (a) General. CEDS are designed...

Economic turmoil, new administration to affect revenue cycle in 2009.

PubMed

2009-01-01

Healthcare revenue cycle leaders willface some pressing issues in 2009, including continuing economic turmoil, increasing numbers of underinsured patients, avoiding unreimbursable medical errors, and implementation of ICD-10.

13 CFR 108.120 - Economic development primary mission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Economic development primary mission. 108.120 Section 108.120 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Economic development primary mission. The primary mission of a NMVC Company must be economic development of...

13 CFR 108.120 - Economic development primary mission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Economic development primary mission. 108.120 Section 108.120 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Economic development primary mission. The primary mission of a NMVC Company must be economic development of...

13 CFR 108.120 - Economic development primary mission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Economic development primary mission. 108.120 Section 108.120 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Economic development primary mission. The primary mission of a NMVC Company must be economic development of...

13 CFR 108.120 - Economic development primary mission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Economic development primary mission. 108.120 Section 108.120 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Economic development primary mission. The primary mission of a NMVC Company must be economic development of...

13 CFR 108.120 - Economic development primary mission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Economic development primary mission. 108.120 Section 108.120 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Economic development primary mission. The primary mission of a NMVC Company must be economic development of...

77 FR 71667 - Alaska Disaster #AK-00026 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-03

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13393] Alaska Disaster AK-00026 Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Alaska, dated 11/21/2012. Incident: 2012...

Adult Roles & Functions. A Nonlaboratory Home Economics Course for Eleventh and Twelfth Graders.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West Virginia State Vocational Curriculum Lab., Cedar Lakes.

This competency-based curriculum guide is designed for a non-laboratory course in home economics for eleventh and twelfth grades. It was developed and field tested by twenty-nine teachers in high schools in West Virginia. The Adult Roles and Functions curriculum is organized in two sections. The teacher's section contains information on teaching…

13 CFR 307.6 - Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements. 307.6 Section 307.6 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.6 Economic...

13 CFR 307.6 - Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements. 307.6 Section 307.6 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.6 Economic...

13 CFR 307.6 - Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements. 307.6 Section 307.6 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.6 Economic...

13 CFR 307.6 - Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements. 307.6 Section 307.6 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.6 Economic...

13 CFR 307.6 - Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Economic Adjustment Assistance post-approval requirements. 307.6 Section 307.6 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.6 Economic...

Economic Techniques of Occupational Health and Safety Management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sidorov, Aleksandr I.; Beregovaya, Irina B.; Khanzhina, Olga A.

2016-10-01

The article deals with the issues on economic techniques of occupational health and safety management. Authors’ definition of safety management is given. It is represented as a task-oriented process to identify, establish and maintain such a state of work environment in which there are no possible effects of hazardous and harmful factors, or their influence does not go beyond certain limits. It was noted that management techniques that are the part of the control mechanism, are divided into administrative, organizational and administrative, social and psychological and economic. The economic management techniques are proposed to be classified depending on the management subject, management object, in relation to an enterprise environment, depending on a control action. Technoeconomic study, feasibility study, planning, financial incentives, preferential crediting of enterprises, pricing, profit sharing and equity, preferential tax treatment for enterprises, economic regulations and standards setting have been distinguished as economic techniques.

The impact of tetrahydrobiopterin administration on endothelial function before and after smoking cessation in chronic smokers.

PubMed

Taylor, Beth A; Zaleski, Amanda L; Dornelas, Ellen A; Thompson, Paul D

2016-03-01

Cardiovascular disease mortality is reduced following smoking cessation but the reversibility of specific atherogenic risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction is less established. We assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in 57 chronic smokers and 15 healthy controls, alone and after oral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) administration, to assess the extent to which reduced bioactivity of BH4, a cofactor for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme (eNOS), contributes to smoking-associated reductions in FMD. Thirty-four smokers then ceased cigarette and nicotine use for 1 week, after which FMD (±BH4 administration) was repeated. Brachial artery FMD was calculated as the peak dilatory response observed relative to baseline (%FMD). Endothelium-independent dilation was assessed by measuring the dilatory response to sublingual nitroglycerin (%NTG). Chronic smokers exhibited reduced %FMD relative to controls: (5.6±3.0% vs. 8.1±3.7%; P<0.01) and %NTG was not different between groups (P=0.22). BH4 administration improved FMD in both groups (P=0.03) independent of smoking status (P=0.78) such that FMD was still lower in smokers relative to controls (6.6±3.3% vs. 9.8±3.2%; P<0.01). With smoking cessation, FMD increased significantly (from 5.0±2.9 to 7.8±3.2%;P<0.01); %NTG was not different (P=0.57) and BH4 administration did not further improve FMD (P=0.33). These findings suggest that the blunted FMD observed in chronic smokers, likely due at least in part to reduced BH4 bioactivity and eNOS uncoupling, can be restored with smoking cessation. Post-cessation BH4 administration does not further improve endothelial function in chronic smokers, unlike the effect observed in nonsmokers, indicating a longer-term impact of chronic smoking on vascular function that is not acutely reversible.

The anabolic steroid nandrolone alters cannabinoid self-administration and brain CB1 receptor density and function.

PubMed

Struik, Dicky; Fadda, Paola; Zara, Tamara; Zamberletti, Erica; Rubino, Tiziana; Parolaro, Daniela; Fratta, Walter; Fattore, Liana

2017-01-01

Clinical and pre-clinical observations indicate that anabolic-androgenic steroids can induce neurobiological changes that alter the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. In this study, we investigated the effect of the anabolic steroid nandrolone on the rewarding properties of the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN) in rats. Lister Hooded male rats were treated intramuscularly with nandrolone (15mg/kg) or vehicle for 14 consecutive days, and then allowed to self-administer WIN (12.5μg/kg/infusion) intravenously. After reaching stable drug intake, self-administration behavior was extinguished to examine drug- and cue-induced reinstatement of cannabinoid-seeking behavior. Other behavioral parameters presumed to influence drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors were examined to gain more insight into the behavioral specificity of nandrolone treatment. Finally, animals were sacrificed for analysis of CB 1 receptor density and function in selected brain areas. We found that nandrolone-treated rats self-administered up to 2 times more cannabinoid than vehicle-treated rats, but behaved similarly to control rats when tested for drug- and cue-induced reinstatement of cannabinoid-seeking behavior. Enhanced cannabinoid intake by nandrolone-treated rats was not accompanied by changes in locomotor activity, sensorimotor gating, or memory function. However, our molecular data show that after chronic WIN self-administration nandrolone-treated rats display altered CB 1 receptor density and function in selected brain areas. We hypothesize that increased cannabinoid self-administration in nandrolone-treated rats results from a nandrolone-induced decrease in reward function, which rats seem to compensate by voluntarily increasing their cannabinoid intake. Altogether, our findings corroborate the hypothesis that chronic exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids induces dysfunction of the reward pathway in rats and might represent a potential risk factor for abuse of

13 CFR 307.3 - Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.3 Section 307.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.3 Use of Economic...

13 CFR 307.3 - Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.3 Section 307.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.3 Use of Economic...

13 CFR 307.3 - Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.3 Section 307.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.3 Use of Economic...

13 CFR 307.3 - Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.3 Section 307.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.3 Use of Economic...

13 CFR 307.3 - Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Use of Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.3 Section 307.3 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.3 Use of Economic...

Intranasal Nerve Growth Factor administration improves cerebral functions in a child with severe traumatic brain injury: A case report.

PubMed

Chiaretti, Antonio; Conti, Giorgio; Falsini, Benedetto; Buonsenso, Danilo; Crasti, Matteo; Manni, Luigi; Soligo, Marzia; Fantacci, Claudia; Genovese, Orazio; Calcagni, Maria Lucia; Di Giuda, Daniela; Mattoli, Maria Vittoria; Cocciolillo, Fabrizio; Ferrara, Pietro; Ruggiero, Antonio; Staccioli, Susanna; Colafati, Giovanna Stefania; Riccardi, Riccardo

2017-01-01

Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes neural recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) supporting neuronal growth, differentiation and survival of brain cells and up-regulating the neurogenesis-associated protein Doublecortin (DCX). Only a few studies reported NGF administration in paediatric patients with severe TBI. A four-year-old boy in a persistent unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) was treated with intranasal murine NGF administration 6 months after severe TBI. The patient received four cycles of intranasal NGF (0.1 mg/kg, twice a day for 10 consecutive days). NGF administration improved functional [Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT); Single photon emission/Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)] assessment, electrophysiological [Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Visual Evoked Potential (VEP)] studies and clinical conditions. He showed improvements in voluntary movements, facial mimicry, phonation, attention and verbal comprehension, ability to cry, cough reflex, oral motility, feeding capacity, and bowel and urinary functions. After NGF administration, raised levels of both NGF and DCX were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patient. No side effects were reported. Although further studies are needed for better understanding the neuroprotective role of this neurotrophin, intranasal NGF administration appears to be a promising and safe rescuing strategy treatment in children with neurological impairment after TBI.

Measurement issues associated with using survey data matched with administrative data from the Social Security Administration.

PubMed

Davies, Paul S; Fisher, T Lynn

2009-01-01

Researchers using survey data matched with administrative data benefit from the rich demographic and economic detail available from survey data combined with detailed programmatic data from administrative records. The research benefits of using these matched data are too numerous to mention. But there are drawbacks as well, and those drawbacks have received less systematic attention from researchers. We focus on survey data matched with administrative data from the Social Security Administration and address the strengths and weaknesses of each in four specific areas: (1) program participation and benefits, (2) disability and health information, (3) earnings, and (4) deferred compensation. We discuss the implications of these strengths and weaknesses for decisions that researchers must make regarding the appropriate data source and definition for the concepts in question. From this discussion, some general conclusions are drawn about measurement issues associated with using matched survey and administrative data for research, policy evaluation, and statistics.

77 FR 27020 - Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-08

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting... Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census Bureau) is giving notice of a meeting of the Federal Economic... Statistics Administration's (ESA) two statistical agencies, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the...

76 FR 72160 - Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-22

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting... Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census Bureau) is giving notice of a meeting of the Federal Economic... Statistics Administration's (ESA) two statistical agencies, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the...

77 FR 70992 - Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting... Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census Bureau) is giving notice of a meeting of the Federal Economic... Statistics Administration's (ESA) two statistical agencies, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the...

78 FR 30269 - Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-22

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting... Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census Bureau) is giving notice of a meeting of the Federal Economic... Statistics Administration's (ESA) two statistical agencies, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the...

75 FR 71671 - Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting... Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census Bureau) is giving notice of a meeting of the Federal Economic... Statistics Administration's (ESA) two statistical agencies, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the...

78 FR 68024 - Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-13

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting... Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census Bureau) is giving notice of a meeting of the Federal Economic... Statistics Administration's (ESA) two statistical agencies, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the...

The future of hospital economic health.

PubMed

Gerber, David R; Bekes, Carolyn E; Parrillo, Joseph E

2006-03-01

To evaluate factors which may influence the economic future of academic medical centers (AMCs). A literature search was performed to identify publications which reviewed the areas of revenue sources for AMCs, costs and expenses incurred by these institutions, and mechanisms for optimizing institutional economic stability. Data were reviewed and evaluated in two primary contexts: hospital revenues and organizational and administrative factors influencing hospital economic health. Increasing economic stress will require AMCs to make efforts both to increase revenue through a variety of mechanisms and to minimize expenses without compromising their mission or impairing worker morale.

Effect of phenylephrine bolus administration on left ventricular function during postural hypotension in anesthetized patients.

PubMed

Goertz, A W; Schmidt, M; Lindner, K H; Seefelder, C; Georgieff, M

1993-01-01

To investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) phenylephrine (PHE) bolus administration on left ventricular function in patients who developed postural hypotension during isoflurane anesthesia in the head-up tilt (reverse Trendelenburg) position. Prospective "before-after" trial. Operation theater of a university medical center. 15 ASA physical status I and II patients without cardiovascular disorders. The anesthetized patients were tilted from a supine horizontal to a 30-degree reverse-Trendelenburg position. Once a steady state was achieved, PHE 3 micrograms/kg was administered as an IV bolus dose. Transesophageal echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function. We measured blood pressure (BP); heart rate; left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic area, diameter, and wall thickness; and ejection time at baseline and after tilt, immediately before and for a period of 3 minutes after PHE injection. We calculated fractional area change (FAC), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf), and end-systolic wall stress. Head-up tilt caused a reduction of mean arterial pressure [from 68 to 54 mmHg (mean)], end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular area (from 9.7 to 6.5 cm2 and from 19.2 to 13.1 cm2, respectively) and end-systolic wall stress (from 56 to 33 10(3).dyne/cm2). FAC and mVcf remained unaltered. PHE administration restored baseline values or overcompensated the changes caused by tilt. FAC slightly decreased in response to PHE (from 0.51 to 0.43), end-systolic wall stress increased to 83 10(3).dyne/cm2, and mVcf remained unchanged. PHE bolus administration effectively restored BP and cardiac filling, which were reduced after head-up tilt, without causing a relevant impairment of left ventricular function or an increase in end-systolic wall stress above the upper normal limit.

Intravenous Nicotine Self-Administration in Smokers: Dose-Response Function and Sex Differences.

PubMed

Jensen, Kevin P; DeVito, Elise E; Valentine, Gerald; Gueorguieva, Ralitza; Sofuoglu, Mehmet

2016-07-01

Sex differences in the sensitivity to nicotine may influence vulnerability to tobacco dependence. The goal of this study was to investigate the dose-response function for the reinforcing and subjective effects of intravenous nicotine in male and female smokers. Tobacco-dependent subjects (12 male and 14 female) participated in four experimental sessions in which they received sample infusions of saline and nicotine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 mg doses) in a randomized double-blind crossover design. During each session, subjects first received the sample infusions, and heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and subjective stimulatory, pleasurable and aversive responses were monitored. Immediately following the sample infusions, subjects self-administered either nicotine or saline in six double-blind forced-choice trials. A sex by dose interaction was observed in the nicotine choice paradigm. Nicotine self-administration rate was negatively correlated with nicotine dose in males (males displayed choice preference for low doses of nicotine over high doses of nicotine), but no significant relationship between dose and choice preference was evident in females. Relative to placebo, sample doses of nicotine increased heart rate and blood pressure, and induced stimulatory, pleasurable, and aversive subjective effects. Diastolic blood pressure increased dose dependently in males, but not in females. These findings, which demonstrate sex differences in nicotine self-administration for doses that are near to the reinforcement threshold, suggest that male and female smokers may respond differently to the changes in nicotine doses available for self-administration.

7 CFR 2.68 - Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics... Statistics Service. (a) Delegations. Pursuant to § 2.21 (a)(3) and (a)(8), subject to reservations in § 2.21..., Education, and Economics to the Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service: (1) Prepare crop...

Administrative and Supervisory Support Functions for the Implementation of Effective Educational Programs for Low Income Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gersten, Russell; Carnine, Douglas

An attempt to identify methods of human resource management that emerge as schools and classrooms become more effective, this literature review emphasizes the importance of administrator "support functions," which include feedback to teachers, monitoring of teacher and student performance, incentives for teachers, and visible commitment…

Quantification of flash flood economic risk using ultra-detailed stage-damage functions and 2-D hydraulic models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrote, J.; Alvarenga, F. M.; Díez-Herrero, A.

2016-10-01

The village of Pajares de Pedraza (Segovia, Spain) is located in the floodplain of the Cega River, a left bank tributary of the Douro River. Repeated flash flood events occur in this small village because of its upstream catchment area, mountainous character and impermeable lithology, which reduce concentration time to just a few hours. River overbank flow has frequently caused flooding and property damage to homes and rural properties, most notably in 1927, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2013 and 2014. Consequently, a detailed analysis was carried out to quantify the economic risk of flash floods in peri-urban and rural areas. Magnitudes and exceedance probabilities were obtained from a flood frequency analysis of maximum discharges. To determine the extent and characteristics of the flooded area, we performed 2D hydraulic modeling (Iber 2.0 software) based on LIDAR (1 m) topography and considering three different scenarios associated with the initial construction (1997) and subsequent extension (2013) of a linear defense structure (rockfill dike or levee) to protect the population. Specific stage-damage functions were expressly developed using in situ data collection for exposed elements, with special emphasis on urban-type categories. The average number of elements and their unit value were established. The relationship between water depth and the height at which electric outlets, furniture, household goods, etc. were located was analyzed; due to its effect on the form of the function. Other nonspecific magnitude-damage functions were used in order to compare both economic estimates. The results indicate that the use of non-specific magnitude-damage functions leads to a significant overestimation of economic losses, partly linked to the use of general economic cost data. Furthermore, a detailed classification and financial assessment of exposed assets is the most important step to ensure a correct estimate of financial losses. In both cases, this should include a

Are economic recessions at the time of leaving school associated with worse physical functioning in later life?

PubMed Central

Hessel, Philipp; Avendano, Mauricio

2015-01-01

Purpose This paper examines whether economic conditions at the time of leaving school or college are associated with physical functioning at old age among cohorts in 11 European countries. Methods Data came from 10,338 participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) aged 50-74 who left school or college between 1956 and 1986. Data on functional limitations, as well as employment, marriage and fertility retrospective histories were linked to national unemployment rates during the year individuals left school. Models included country-fixed effects and controls for early-life circumstances. Results Higher unemployment rates during the school-leaving year were associated with fewer functional limitations at ages 50-74 among men (RR[Rate ratio]=0.63, 95%CI=0.47-0.83), but more physical functioning limitations among women (RR=1.30, 95%CI=1.13-1.50), particularly with (post-)secondary education. Economic conditions at the age of leaving school were associated with several labor market, marriage, fertility and health behavior outcomes, but controlling for these factors did not attenuate associations. Results were similar in models that controlled for selection into higher education due to measured covariates. Conclusions Worse economic conditions during the school-leaving year predicted better health at old age among men but worse health among women. Both selection and causation mechanisms may explain this association. PMID:24051367

7 CFR 7.1 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Administration. 7.1 Section 7.1 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture SELECTION AND FUNCTIONS OF FARM SERVICE AGENCY STATE AND COUNTY COMMITTEES § 7.1 Administration. (a) The regulations in this part apply to the election and functions of the...

76 FR 29724 - Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-23

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of the Census Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee Meeting... Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau) is giving notice of a meeting of the Federal Economic Statistics... Administration's (ESA) two statistical agencies, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the Census Bureau, and...

Economic Estimation of the Losses Caused by Surface Water Pollution Accidents in China From the Perspective of Water Bodies’ Functions

PubMed Central

Yao, Hong; You, Zhen; Liu, Bo

2016-01-01

The number of surface water pollution accidents (abbreviated as SWPAs) has increased substantially in China in recent years. Estimation of economic losses due to SWPAs has been one of the focuses in China and is mentioned many times in the Environmental Protection Law of China promulgated in 2014. From the perspective of water bodies’ functions, pollution accident damages can be divided into eight types: damage to human health, water supply suspension, fishery, recreational functions, biological diversity, environmental property loss, the accident’s origin and other indirect losses. In the valuation of damage to people’s life, the procedure for compensation of traffic accidents in China was used. The functional replacement cost method was used in economic estimation of the losses due to water supply suspension and loss of water’s recreational functions. Damage to biological diversity was estimated by recovery cost analysis and damage to environmental property losses were calculated using pollutant removal costs. As a case study, using the proposed calculation procedure the economic losses caused by the major Songhuajiang River pollution accident that happened in China in 2005 have been estimated at 2263 billion CNY. The estimated economic losses for real accidents can sometimes be influenced by social and political factors, such as data authenticity and accuracy. Besides, one or more aspects in the method might be overestimated, underrated or even ignored. The proposed procedure may be used by decision makers for the economic estimation of losses in SWPAs. Estimates of the economic losses of pollution accidents could help quantify potential costs associated with increased risk sources along lakes/rivers but more importantly, highlight the value of clean water to society as a whole. PMID:26805869

Economic Estimation of the Losses Caused by Surface Water Pollution Accidents in China From the Perspective of Water Bodies' Functions.

PubMed

Yao, Hong; You, Zhen; Liu, Bo

2016-01-22

The number of surface water pollution accidents (abbreviated as SWPAs) has increased substantially in China in recent years. Estimation of economic losses due to SWPAs has been one of the focuses in China and is mentioned many times in the Environmental Protection Law of China promulgated in 2014. From the perspective of water bodies' functions, pollution accident damages can be divided into eight types: damage to human health, water supply suspension, fishery, recreational functions, biological diversity, environmental property loss, the accident's origin and other indirect losses. In the valuation of damage to people's life, the procedure for compensation of traffic accidents in China was used. The functional replacement cost method was used in economic estimation of the losses due to water supply suspension and loss of water's recreational functions. Damage to biological diversity was estimated by recovery cost analysis and damage to environmental property losses were calculated using pollutant removal costs. As a case study, using the proposed calculation procedure the economic losses caused by the major Songhuajiang River pollution accident that happened in China in 2005 have been estimated at 2263 billion CNY. The estimated economic losses for real accidents can sometimes be influenced by social and political factors, such as data authenticity and accuracy. Besides, one or more aspects in the method might be overestimated, underrated or even ignored. The proposed procedure may be used by decision makers for the economic estimation of losses in SWPAs. Estimates of the economic losses of pollution accidents could help quantify potential costs associated with increased risk sources along lakes/rivers but more importantly, highlight the value of clean water to society as a whole.

A usability study of CPOE's medication administration functions: impact on physician-nurse cooperation.

PubMed

Beuscart-Zéphir, Marie Catherine; Pelayo, Sylvia; Degoulet, Patrice; Anceaux, Françoise; Guerlinger, Sandra; Meaux, Jean-Jacques

2004-01-01

Implementation of CPOE systems in Healthcare Institutions has proven efficient in reducing medication errors but it also induces hidden side-effects on Doctor-Nurse cooperation. We propose a usability engineering approach to this problem. An extensive activity analysis of the medication ordering and administration process was performed in several departments of 3 different hospitals. Two of these hospitals are still using paper-based orders, while the 3rd one is in the roll-out phase of medication functions of its CPOE system. We performed a usability assessment of this CPOE system. The usability assessment uncovered usability problems for the entry of medication administration time scheduling by the physician and revealed that the information can be ambiguous for the nurse. The comparison of cooperation models in both situation shows that users tend to adopt a distributed decision making paradigm in the paper-based situation, while the CPOE system supports a centralized decision making process. This analysis can support recommendation for the re-engineering of the Human-Computer Interface.

Economic cost for implementation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 1271 in an egg donor program.

PubMed

Baker, Valerie L; Gvakharia, Marina O; Rone, Heather M; Manalad, James R; Adamson, G David

2008-09-01

To assess the economic cost of implementing the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 1271 for infectious screening of egg donors in our practice during the first year. Physicians and employees of our practice were surveyed to ascertain the scope of duties and the number of hours spent to implement the regulations. The economic cost to the practice and the cost of additional laboratories were calculated. Private practice. Egg donors and recipient couples who underwent treatment in our center from May 25, 2005 (the day regulations became effective) to May 25, 2006; and physicians, administrators, and staff who were employed by the practice during this time frame. Using a questionnaire, structured interviews were conducted for all physicians and employees of our practice. The information regarding number of hours was provided to our chief financial officer, who calculated the cost to the practice. The cost that recipient couples paid for laboratory tests that would not otherwise be required to meet American Society for Reproductive Medicine guidelines and the cost of an external audit were also added to the overall practice costs to determine a total cost associated with the regulations in the first year. List of activities associated with implementation of the regulations, personnel hours involved to implement the regulations, and economic cost to the practice and to recipient couples. The total number of personnel hours spent by our practice in preparation for implementation of the regulations was 623.3 hours. In the first year, 675.2 additional hours were required to implement the regulations for 40 donors who cycled during this time. The economic cost to the practice for both preparation and implementation of the regulations was $219, 838, and the cost of additional laboratory work borne by the recipient couples was $15,880. Thus, the total cost was calculated to be $235,718 at 1 year after implementation of the

28 CFR 104.43 - Determination of presumed economic loss for decedents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Determination of presumed economic loss... of presumed economic loss for decedents. In reaching presumed determinations for economic loss for...-time outside the home, economic loss may be determined with reference to replacement services and...

28 CFR 104.43 - Determination of presumed economic loss for decedents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Determination of presumed economic loss... of presumed economic loss for decedents. In reaching presumed determinations for economic loss for...-time outside the home, economic loss may be determined with reference to replacement services and...

28 CFR 104.43 - Determination of presumed economic loss for decedents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Determination of presumed economic loss... of presumed economic loss for decedents. In reaching presumed determinations for economic loss for...-time outside the home, economic loss may be determined with reference to replacement services and...

50 CFR 680.6 - Crab economic data report (EDR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Crab economic data report (EDR). 680.6... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) SHELLFISH FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OFF ALASKA General § 680.6 Crab economic data report (EDR). Persons participating in the CR crab fisheries are...

50 CFR 680.6 - Crab economic data report (EDR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Crab economic data report (EDR). 680.6... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) SHELLFISH FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OFF ALASKA General § 680.6 Crab economic data report (EDR). Persons participating in the CR crab fisheries are...

50 CFR 680.6 - Crab economic data report (EDR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Crab economic data report (EDR). 680.6... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) SHELLFISH FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OFF ALASKA General § 680.6 Crab economic data report (EDR). (a) Requirements. (1) Any owner or leaseholder of a...

50 CFR 680.6 - Crab economic data report (EDR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Crab economic data report (EDR). 680.6... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) SHELLFISH FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OFF ALASKA General § 680.6 Crab economic data report (EDR). Persons participating in the CR crab fisheries are...

50 CFR 680.6 - Crab economic data report (EDR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Crab economic data report (EDR). 680.6... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) SHELLFISH FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OFF ALASKA General § 680.6 Crab economic data report (EDR). (a) Requirements. (1) Any owner or leaseholder of a...

ACHP | News | ACHP Chairman Nau Speaks on "The Economic Potential of

Science.gov Websites

"The Economic Potential of Preserving America" ACHP Chairman Nau Speaks on "The Economic Potential of Preserving America" Delivered at the Economic Development Administration's National Conference Session on Entrepreneurship in Economic Development, May 8, 2003, Washington, DC It's a pleasure

13 CFR 307.2 - Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.2 Section 307.2 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.2 Criteria for...

13 CFR 307.2 - Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.2 Section 307.2 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.2 Criteria for...

13 CFR 307.2 - Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.2 Section 307.2 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.2 Criteria for...

13 CFR 307.2 - Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.2 Section 307.2 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.2 Criteria for...

13 CFR 307.2 - Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Criteria for Economic Adjustment Assistance Investments. 307.2 Section 307.2 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTS General § 307.2 Criteria for...

33 CFR 5.07 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Administration. 5.07 Section 5.07... § 5.07 Administration. Any authority vested in the Commandant by this part may be delegated by him to... appropriate for the functioning, organization, and internal administration of the Auxiliary. ...

33 CFR 5.07 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Administration. 5.07 Section 5.07... § 5.07 Administration. Any authority vested in the Commandant by this part may be delegated by him to... appropriate for the functioning, organization, and internal administration of the Auxiliary. ...

33 CFR 5.07 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Administration. 5.07 Section 5.07... § 5.07 Administration. Any authority vested in the Commandant by this part may be delegated by him to... appropriate for the functioning, organization, and internal administration of the Auxiliary. ...

33 CFR 5.07 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Administration. 5.07 Section 5.07... § 5.07 Administration. Any authority vested in the Commandant by this part may be delegated by him to... appropriate for the functioning, organization, and internal administration of the Auxiliary. ...

Basic Transportation Economics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kneafsey, J. T.

1972-01-01

Transportation economics is an integral part of all transportation activities. Refined, detailed, and careful economic analyses consider conduct-performance methodology and the specifications of production, cost and demand functions.

Economic insecurity during the Great Recession and metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

PubMed Central

Niedzwiedz, Claire L; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Reeves, Aaron; McKee, Martin; Stuckler, David

2017-01-01

Background Economic insecurity correlates with adverse health outcomes, but the biological pathways involved are not well understood. We examine how changes in economic insecurity relate to metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers. Methods Blood analyte data were taken from 6520 individuals (aged 25–59 years) participating in Understanding Society. Economic insecurity was measured using an indicator of subjective financial strain and by asking participants whether they had missed any bill, council tax, rent or mortgage payments in the past year. We investigated longitudinal changes in economic insecurity (remained secure, increase in economic insecurity, decrease in economic insecurity, remained insecure) and the accumulation of economic insecurity. Linear regression models were calculated for nine (logged) biomarker outcomes related to metabolic, inflammatory, liver and kidney function (as falsification tests), adjusting for potential confounders. Results Compared with those who remained economically stable, people who experienced consistent economic insecurity (using both measures) had worsened levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and glycated haemoglobin. Increased economic insecurity was associated with adverse levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.955, 95% CI 0.929 to 0.982), triglycerides (1.077, 95% CI 1.018 to 1.139) and CRP (1.114, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.227), using the measure of financial strain. Results for the other measure were generally consistent, apart from the higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase observed among those experiencing persistent insecurity (1.200, 95% CI 1.110 to 1.297). Conclusion Economic insecurity is associated with adverse metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (particularly HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP), heightening risk for a range of health conditions. PMID:28855264

Representation of economic preferences in the structure and function of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex

PubMed Central

Fermin, Alan S. R.; Sakagami, Masamichi; Kiyonari, Toko; Li, Yang; Matsumoto, Yoshie; Yamagishi, Toshio

2016-01-01

Social value orientations (SVOs) are economic preferences for the distribution of resources – prosocial individuals are more cooperative and egalitarian than are proselfs. Despite the social and economic implications of SVOs, no systematic studies have examined their neural correlates. We investigated the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) structures and functions in prosocials and proselfs by functional magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated cooperative behavior in the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We found for the first time that amygdala volume was larger in prosocials and positively correlated with cooperation, while DLPFC volume was larger in proselfs and negatively correlated with cooperation. Proselfs’ decisions were marked by strong DLPFC and weak amygdala activity, and prosocials’ decisions were marked by strong amygdala activity, with the DLPFC signal increasing only in defection. Our findings suggest that proselfs’ decisions are controlled by DLPFC-mediated deliberative processes, while prosocials’ decisions are initially guided by automatic amygdala processes. PMID:26876988

28 CFR 104.43 - Determination of presumed economic loss for decedents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Determination of presumed economic loss... Determination of presumed economic loss for decedents. In reaching presumed determinations for economic loss for... prior earned income, or who worked only part time outside the home, economic loss may be determined with...

28 CFR 104.43 - Determination of presumed economic loss for decedents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Determination of presumed economic loss... Determination of presumed economic loss for decedents. In reaching presumed determinations for economic loss for... prior earned income, or who worked only part time outside the home, economic loss may be determined with...

Oxidative stress, HDL functionality and effects of intravenous iron administration in women with iron deficiency anemia.

PubMed

Meroño, Tomás; Dauteuille, Carolane; Tetzlaff, Walter; Martín, Maximiliano; Botta, Eliana; Lhomme, Marie; Saez, María Soledad; Sorroche, Patricia; Boero, Laura; Arbelbide, Jorge; Chapman, M John; Kontush, Anatol; Brites, Fernando

2017-04-01

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects around 20-30% of adults worldwide. An association between IDA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported. Oxidative stress, inflammation and low concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were implicated on endothelial dysfunction and CVD in IDA. We studied the effects of iron deficiency and of an intravenous iron administration on oxidative stress and HDL characteristics in IDA women. Two studies in IDA women are presented: a case-control study, including 18 patients and 18 age-matched healthy women, and a follow-up study 72hr after the administration of intravenous iron (n = 16). Lipids, malondialdehyde, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and HDL chemical composition and functionality (cholesterol efflux and antioxidative activity) were measured. Cell cholesterol efflux from iron-deficient macrophages to a reference HDL was also evaluated. IDA patients showed higher triglycerides and CETP activity and lower HDL-C than controls (all p < 0.001). HDL particles from IDA patients showed higher triglyceride content (+30%,p < 0.05) and lower antioxidative capacity (-23%,p < 0.05). Although HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was similar between the patients and controls, iron deficiency provoked a significant reduction in macrophage cholesterol efflux (-25%,p < 0.05). Arylesterase activity of PON-1 was significantly lower in IDA patients than controls (-16%,p < 0.05). The intravenous administration of iron was associated with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and an increase in arylesterase activity of PON-1 (-22% and +18%, respectively, p < 0.05). IDA is associated with oxidative stress and functionally deficient HDL particles. It remains to be determined if such alterations suffice to impair endothelial function in IDA. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 1316.10 - Administrative probable cause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administrative probable cause. 1316.10 Section 1316.10 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS, PRACTICES, AND PROCEDURES Administrative Inspections § 1316.10 Administrative probable cause. If the judge...

Reverse effects of DPI administration combined with glutamine supplementation on function of rat neutrophils induced by overtraining.

PubMed

Dong, Jingmei; Chen, Peijie; Liu, Qing; Wang, Ru; Xiao, Weihua; Zhang, Yajun

2013-04-01

To examine the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and the combined effect of glutamine supplementation and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) on the function of neutrophils induced by overtraining. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (C), overtraining group (E), DPI-administration group (D), glutamine-supplementation group (G), and combined DPI and glutamine group (DG). Blood was sampled from the orbital vein after rats were trained on treadmill for 11 wk. Cytokine and lipid peroxidation in blood plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The colocalization between gp91phox and p47phox of the NADPH oxidase was detected using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. The activity of NADPH oxidase was assessed by chemiluminescence. Neutrophils' respiratory burst and phagocytosis function were measured by flow cytometry. NADPH oxidase was activated by overtraining. Cytokine and lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and the activity of NADPH oxidase were markedly increased in Group E compared with group C. Neutrophil function was lower in group E than group C. Both lower neutrophils function and higher ROS production were reversed in Group DG. The glutamine and DPI interference alone in group D and group G was less effective than DPI and glutamine combined in group DG. Activation of NADPH oxidase is responsible for the production of superoxide anions, which leads to excessive ROS and is related to the decrease in neutrophil function induced by overtraining. The combined DPI administration and glutamine supplementation reversed the decreased neutrophil function after overtraining.

Economic insecurity during the Great Recession and metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study.

PubMed

Niedzwiedz, Claire L; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Reeves, Aaron; McKee, Martin; Stuckler, David

2017-10-01

Economic insecurity correlates with adverse health outcomes, but the biological pathways involved are not well understood. We examine how changes in economic insecurity relate to metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers. Blood analyte data were taken from 6520 individuals (aged 25-59 years) participating in Understanding Society. Economic insecurity was measured using an indicator of subjective financial strain and by asking participants whether they had missed any bill, council tax, rent or mortgage payments in the past year. We investigated longitudinal changes in economic insecurity (remained secure, increase in economic insecurity, decrease in economic insecurity, remained insecure) and the accumulation of economic insecurity. Linear regression models were calculated for nine (logged) biomarker outcomes related to metabolic, inflammatory, liver and kidney function (as falsification tests), adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with those who remained economically stable, people who experienced consistent economic insecurity (using both measures) had worsened levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and glycated haemoglobin. Increased economic insecurity was associated with adverse levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.955, 95% CI 0.929 to 0.982), triglycerides (1.077, 95% CI 1.018 to 1.139) and CRP (1.114, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.227), using the measure of financial strain. Results for the other measure were generally consistent, apart from the higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase observed among those experiencing persistent insecurity (1.200, 95% CI 1.110 to 1.297). Economic insecurity is associated with adverse metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (particularly HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP), heightening risk for a range of health conditions. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No

Economic insecurity during the Great Recession and metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study.

PubMed

Niedzwiedz, Claire L; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Reeves, Aaron; McKee, Martin; Stuckler, David

2017-08-28

Economic insecurity correlates with adverse health outcomes, but the biological pathways involved are not well understood. We examine how changes in economic insecurity relate to metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers. Blood analyte data were taken from 6520 individuals (aged 25-59 years) participating in Understanding Society. Economic insecurity was measured using an indicator of subjective financial strain and by asking participants whether they had missed any bill, council tax, rent or mortgage payments in the past year. We investigated longitudinal changes in economic insecurity (remained secure, increase in economic insecurity, decrease in economic insecurity, remained insecure) and the accumulation of economic insecurity. Linear regression models were calculated for nine (logged) biomarker outcomes related to metabolic, inflammatory, liver and kidney function (as falsification tests), adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with those who remained economically stable, people who experienced consistent economic insecurity (using both measures) had worsened levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and glycated haemoglobin. Increased economic insecurity was associated with adverse levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.955, 95% CI 0.929 to 0.982), triglycerides (1.077, 95% CI 1.018 to 1.139) and CRP (1.114, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.227), using the measure of financial strain. Results for the other measure were generally consistent, apart from the higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase observed among those experiencing persistent insecurity (1.200, 95% CI 1.110 to 1.297). Economic insecurity is associated with adverse metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (particularly HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP), heightening risk for a range of health conditions. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No

47 CFR 52.15 - Central office code administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... functions. The NANPA shall perform its CO Code administration functions in accordance with the published... by telecommunications carriers to perform internal administrative or operational functions necessary... another telecommunications carrier or non-carrier entity for the purpose of providing telecommunications...

Morphological and functional manifestations of rat adrenal-cortex response to sodium bromide administration under hypodynamic stress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirichek, L. T.; Zholudeva, V. I.

1979-01-01

Functional and morphological manifestations of adrenal cortex response to hypodynamia (2-hr immobilization on an operating table) under the influence of bromine preparations were studied. The sodium bromide was administered intraperitoneally in 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg doses once and repeatedly during ten days. The adrenal gland was evaluated functionally by ascorbic acid and cholesterol content and morphologically by coloring it with hematoxylin-eosin and Sudans for lipid revealing at freezing. Results are displayed in two tables and microphotographs. They are summarized as follows: the bromine weakens the functional state of the adrenal cortex in intact rats, causing changes similar to those under stress. During immobilization combined with preliminary bromine administration, a less pronounced stress reaction is noticeable.

Biphasic alterations in serotonin-1B (5-HT1B) receptor function during abstinence from extended cocaine self-administration.

PubMed

O'Dell, Laura E; Manzardo, Ann M; Polis, Ilham; Stouffer, David G; Parsons, Loren H

2006-12-01

Alterations in 5-HT1B receptor function during cocaine abstinence were evaluated in rats given either limited- or extended access (LA and EA, respectively) to cocaine self-administration. The locomotor response to the 5-HT1B/1A agonist RU24969 was significantly reduced in cocaine-experienced animals relative to cocaine-naïve controls following 6 h of abstinence but became sensitized over the subsequent 14 days of abstinence. Both the early phase subsensitivity and later phase supersensivity to RU 24969-induced activity were greater in EA versus LA animals. Intra-nucleus accumbens administration of the 5-HT1B agonist CP 93, 129 produced significantly greater increases in dialysate dopamine levels in EA versus control animals following 14 days of abstinence. However, there was no difference between EA and cocaine-naïve control animals in the augmentation of cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens DA produced by intra-VTA CP 93, 129. Collectively these findings demonstrate that 5-HT1B receptor function is persistently altered by cocaine self-administration.

Economic Outcomes with Anatomic versus Functional Diagnostic Testing for Coronary Artery Disease

PubMed Central

Mark, Daniel B.; Federspiel, Jerome J.; Cowper, Patricia A.; Anstrom, Kevin J.; Hoffmann, Udo; Patel, Manesh R.; Davidson-Ray, Linda; Daniels, Melanie R.; Cooper, Lawton S.; Knight, J. David; Lee, Kerry L.; Douglas, Pamela S.

2016-01-01

Background The PROMISE trial found that initial use of ≥64-slice multidetector computed tomographic angiography (CTA) versus functional diagnostic testing strategies did not improve clinical outcomes in stable symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring noninvasive testing. Objective Economic analysis of PROMISE, a major secondary aim. Design Prospective economic study from the US perspective. Comparisons were made by intention-to-treat. Confidence intervals were calculated using bootstrap methods. Setting 190 U.S. centers Patients 9649 U.S. patients enrolled in PROMISE. Enrollment began July 2010 and completed September 2013. Median follow-up was 25 months. Measurements Technical costs of the initial (outpatient) testing strategy were estimated from Premier Research Database data. Hospital-based costs were estimated using hospital bills and Medicare cost-to-charge ratios. Physician fees were taken from the Medicare Fee Schedule. Costs were expressed in 2014 US dollars discounted at 3% and estimated out to 3 years using inverse probability weighting methods. Results The mean initial testing costs were: $174 for exercise ECG; $404 for CTA; $501 to $514 for (exercise, pharmacologic) stress echo; $946 to $1132 for (exercise, pharmacologic) stress nuclear. Mean costs at 90 days for the CTA strategy were $2494 versus $2240 for the functional strategy (mean difference $254, 95% CI −$634 to $906). The difference was associated with more revascularizations and catheterizations (4.25 per 100 patients) with CTA use. After 90 days, the mean cost difference between the arms out to 3 years remained small ($373). Limitations Cost weights for test strategies obtained from sources outside PROMISE. Conclusions CTA and functional diagnostic testing strategies in patients with suspected CAD have similar costs through three years of follow-up. PMID:27214597

Economic Outcomes With Anatomical Versus Functional Diagnostic Testing for Coronary Artery Disease.

PubMed

Mark, Daniel B; Federspiel, Jerome J; Cowper, Patricia A; Anstrom, Kevin J; Hoffmann, Udo; Patel, Manesh R; Davidson-Ray, Linda; Daniels, Melanie R; Cooper, Lawton S; Knight, J David; Lee, Kerry L; Douglas, Pamela S

2016-07-19

PROMISE (PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) found that initial use of at least 64-slice multidetector computed tomography angiography (CTA) versus functional diagnostic testing strategies did not improve clinical outcomes in stable symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring noninvasive testing. To conduct an economic analysis for PROMISE (a major secondary aim of the study). Prospective economic study from the U.S. perspective. Comparisons were made according to the intention-to-treat principle, and CIs were calculated using bootstrap methods. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01174550). 190 U.S. centers. 9649 U.S. patients enrolled in PROMISE between July 2010 and September 2013. Median follow-up was 25 months. Technical costs of the initial (outpatient) testing strategy were estimated from Premier Research Database data. Hospital-based costs were estimated using hospital bills and Medicare cost-charge ratios. Physician fees were taken from the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule. Costs were expressed in 2014 U.S. dollars, discounted at 3% annually, and estimated out to 3 years using inverse probability weighting methods. The mean initial testing costs were $174 for exercise electrocardiography; $404 for CTA; $501 to $514 for pharmacologic and exercise stress echocardiography, respectively; and $946 to $1132 for exercise and pharmacologic stress nuclear testing, respectively. Mean costs at 90 days were $2494 for the CTA strategy versus $2240 for the functional strategy (mean difference, $254 [95% CI, -$634 to $906]). The difference was associated with more revascularizations and catheterizations (4.25 per 100 patients) with CTA use. After 90 days, the mean cost difference between the groups out to 3 years remained small. Cost weights for test strategies were obtained from sources outside PROMISE. Computed tomography angiography and functional diagnostic testing strategies in patients with suspected CAD have

Understanding Your Local Economy: Economic Base Analysis and Local Development Strategies. Community Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weber, Bruce A.; And Others

Community decision makers selecting an economic development strategy most appropriate for their local community must begin with an understanding of how their local economy functions, what its economic base is, and how changes in that base may affect local economic structure and performance. The economic base approach emphasizes the roles of…

13 CFR 304.1 - Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility. 304.1 Section 304.1 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS § 304.1 Designation of...

13 CFR 304.1 - Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility. 304.1 Section 304.1 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS § 304.1 Designation of...

13 CFR 304.1 - Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility. 304.1 Section 304.1 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS § 304.1 Designation of...

13 CFR 304.1 - Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility. 304.1 Section 304.1 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS § 304.1 Designation of...

13 CFR 304.1 - Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Designation of Economic Development Districts: Regional eligibility. 304.1 Section 304.1 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS § 304.1 Designation of...

Administration of melatonin protects against acetylsalicylic acid-induced impairment of male reproductive function in mice

PubMed Central

Emami, Niloufar Hedayati; Lafout, Farzaneh Mahmoudi; Mohammadghasemi, Fahimeh

2018-01-01

Objective(s): Melatonin, an important hormone secreted by the epiphysis, is a powerful anti-oxidant with a high potential to neutralize medical toxins. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the beneficial effect of melatonin on epididymal sperm and reproductive parameters in mice treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Materials and Methods: Male adult mice were divided into four treatment groups: control, ASA, melatonin, and ASA+melatonin. Mice were administered ASA (50 mg/kg, orally) and/or melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), or vehicle control, for 14 days. Sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology were evaluated to assess fertility. A colorimetric assay was used to measure serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test was used to assess sperm chromatin integrity. Sex hormone levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Compared to the control group, ASA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in sperm parameters (P<0.05), as well as a decrease in the integrity of sperm chromatin (P<0.01). ASA treatment also reduced serum testosterone and TAC levels (P<0.05). Co-administration of melatonin with ASA significantly improved epididymal sperm parameters and increased serum testosterone and TAC levels compared to the ASA-treated group. LH level was not different in the combined treatment group compared to control or ASA treatment. Conclusion: Short-term administration of ASA (50 mg/kg) has adverse effects on male reproductive function in mice. Co-administration of melatonin protects against ASA-induced impairment of male reproductive function by preventing the reduction in serum TAC and testosterone levels seen with ASA treatment alone. PMID:29456808

Vascular delay and administration of basic fibroblast growth factor augment latissimus dorsi muscle flap perfusion and function.

PubMed

Carroll, S M; Carroll, C M; Stremel, R W; Heilman, S J; Steffen, J M; Tobin, G R; Barker, J H

2000-03-01

Ischemia of the distal latissimus dorsi muscle flap occurs when the entire muscle is acutely elevated. Although this level of ischemia may not be critical if the muscle is to be used as a conventional muscle flap, the ischemia causes decreased distal muscle function if it is used for dynamic muscle flap transfer. This experiment was designed to determine whether or not the administration of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), combined with a sublethal ischemic insult (i.e., vascular delay), would further augment muscle perfusion and function. Both latissimus dorsi muscles of nine canines were subjected to a bipedicle vascular delay procedure immediately followed by thoracodorsal intraarterial injection of 100 microg of bFGF on one side and by intraarterial injection of vehicle on the other. Ten days later, both latissimus dorsi muscles were raised as thoracodorsally based island flaps, with perfusion determined by laser-Doppler fluximetry. The muscles were wrapped around silicone chambers, simulating cardiomyoplasty, and stimulating electrodes were placed around each thoracodorsal nerve. The muscles were then subjected to an experimental protocol to determine muscle contractile function. At the end of the experiment, latissimus dorsi muscle biopsies were obtained for measurement of bFGF expression. The results demonstrated that the administration of 100 microg of bFGF immediately after the vascular delay procedure increases expression of native bFGF. In the distal and middle muscle segments, it also significantly increased muscle perfusion by approximately 20 percent and fatigue resistance by approximately 300 percent. The administration of growth factors may serve as an important adjuvant to surgical procedures using dynamic muscle flap transfers.

Review of the Modular Administrative Structure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grand Valley State Colleges, Allendale, MI. Office of Institutional Analysis.

The modular administrative structure implemented at Grand Valley State Colleges in 1973 is described as a system in which administrative affairs are divided into functional self-contained units called modules, each of which has a head or acting head who is responsible for the management of the functions contained within the module. A long-range…

Modeling the Economic and Epidemiologic Impact of Hookworm Vaccine and Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in Brazil, a High Transmission Setting

PubMed Central

Bartsch, Sarah M.; Hotez, Peter J.; Hertenstein, Daniel L.; Diemert, David J.; Zapf, Kristina M.; Bottazzi, Maria Elena; Bethony, Jeffrey M.; Brown, Shawn T.; Lee, Bruce Y.

2017-01-01

Background Although mass drug administration (MDA) has helped reduce morbidity attributed to soil-transmitted helminth infections in children, its limitations for hookworm infection have motivated the development of a human hookworm vaccine to both improve morbidity control and ultimately help block hookworm transmission leading to elimination. However, the potential economic and epidemiologic impact of a preventive vaccine has not been fully evaluated. Methods We developed a dynamic compartment model coupled to a clinical and economics outcomes model representing both the human and hookworm populations in a high transmission region of Brazil. Experiments simulated different implementation scenarios of MDA and vaccination under varying circumstances. Results Considering only intervention costs, both annual MDA and vaccination were highly cost-effective (ICERs ≤$790/DALY averted) compared to no intervention, with vaccination resulting in lower incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs ≤$444/DALY averted). From the societal perspective, vaccination was economically dominant (i.e., less costly and more effective) than annual MDA in all tested scenarios, except when vaccination was less efficacious (20% efficacy, 5 year duration) and MDA coverage was 75%. Increasing the vaccine's duration of protection and efficacy, and including a booster injection in adulthood all increased the benefits of vaccination (i.e., resulted in lower hookworm prevalence, averted more disability-adjusted life years, and saved more costs). Assuming its target product profile, a pediatric hookworm vaccine drastically decreased hookworm prevalence in children to 14.6% after 20 years, compared to 57.2% with no intervention and 54.1% with MDA. The addition of a booster in adulthood further reduced the overall prevalence from 68.0% to 36.0%, nearly eliminated hookworm infection in children. Conclusion Using a human hookworm vaccine would be cost-effective and in many cases economically

Modeling the economic and epidemiologic impact of hookworm vaccine and mass drug administration (MDA) in Brazil, a high transmission setting.

PubMed

Bartsch, Sarah M; Hotez, Peter J; Hertenstein, Daniel L; Diemert, David J; Zapf, Kristina M; Bottazzi, Maria Elena; Bethony, Jeffrey M; Brown, Shawn T; Lee, Bruce Y

2016-04-27

Although mass drug administration (MDA) has helped reduce morbidity attributed to soil-transmitted helminth infections in children, its limitations for hookworm infection have motivated the development of a human hookworm vaccine to both improve morbidity control and ultimately help block hookworm transmission leading to elimination. However, the potential economic and epidemiologic impact of a preventive vaccine has not been fully evaluated. We developed a dynamic compartment model coupled to a clinical and economics outcomes model representing both the human and hookworm populations in a high transmission region of Brazil. Experiments simulated different implementation scenarios of MDA and vaccination under varying circumstances. Considering only intervention costs, both annual MDA and vaccination were highly cost-effective (ICERs ≤ $790/DALY averted) compared to no intervention, with vaccination resulting in lower incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs ≤ $444/DALY averted). From the societal perspective, vaccination was economically dominant (i.e., less costly and more effective) versus annual MDA in all tested scenarios, except when vaccination was less efficacious (20% efficacy, 5 year duration) and MDA coverage was 75%. Increasing the vaccine's duration of protection and efficacy, and including a booster injection in adulthood all increased the benefits of vaccination (i.e., resulted in lower hookworm prevalence, averted more disability-adjusted life years, and saved more costs). Assuming its target product profile, a pediatric hookworm vaccine drastically decreased hookworm prevalence in children to 14.6% after 20 years, compared to 57.2% with no intervention and 54.1% with MDA. The addition of a booster in adulthood further reduced the overall prevalence from 68.0% to 36.0% and nearly eliminated hookworm infection in children. Using a human hookworm vaccine would be cost-effective and in many cases economically dominant, providing both health

A Guide to Functional Literacy for Literacy Administrators and Workers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tripathi, Virenda

This guide provides an overview and practical suggestions for the literacy administrator and worker. Chapters deal with: an overview of the problem of illiteracy; adult learner characteristics; methods of teaching languages to illiterate adults; the organization, administration, and supervision of literacy classes; patterns of adult education;…

Chronic administration of sildenafil improves erectile function in a rat model of chronic renal failure

PubMed Central

Gurbuz, Nilgun; Kol, Arif; Ipekci, Tumay; Ates, Erhan; Baykal, Asli; Usta, Mustafa F

2015-01-01

The relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic renal failure (CRF) has been reported in several studies. This study aimed to investigate whether the chronic use of sildenafil could enhance the erectile capacity in CRF-induced rats. In addition, we assessed the effect of that treatment on certain molecules, which have been suggested to play crucial roles in erectile physiology and CRF-related ED as well. Three groups of animals were utilized: (1) age-matched control rats, (2) CRF-induced rats, (3) CRF-induced rats treated with chronic administration of sildenafil (5 mg kg−1 p.o. for 6 weeks [treatment started after 6 weeks of CRF induction]). At 3 months, all animals underwent cavernosal nerve stimulation (CNS) to assess erectile function. Penile tissue advanced glycation end products (AGE's)/5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, malondialdehyde (MDA), cGMP (ELISA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) (Western blot) analyses were performed in all rat groups. CRF-induced rats had a significant decrease in erectile function when compared to control rats (P < 0.05). The increase in both intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and area under the curve of CRF-induced rats treated with sildenafil (Group 3) was greater than CRF-induced rats (Group 2). Additionally, sildenafil treatment decreased AGE, MDA and iNOS levels, while it preserved nNOS and cGMP contents in CRF-induced penile tissue. Decreased AGE, MDA, iNOS and increased nNOS, cGMP levels at the sildenafil-treated group increased both ICP and Total ICP to CNS, which led to improve erectile function in CRF-induced rats. The results of the present study revealed the therapeutic effect of chronic sildenafil administration on erectile function in CRF-induced rats. PMID:25652632

78 FR 26679 - Massachusetts Disaster #MA-00055 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-07

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

78 FR 66983 - Massachusetts Disaster #MA-00056 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-07

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

Behavioral Economic Laboratory Research in Tobacco Regulatory Science.

PubMed

Tidey, Jennifer W; Cassidy, Rachel N; Miller, Mollie E; Smith, Tracy T

2016-10-01

Research that can provide a scientific foundation for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tobacco policy decisions is needed to inform tobacco regulatory policy. One factor that affects the impact of a tobacco product on public health is its intensity of use, which is determined, in part, by its abuse liability or reinforcing efficacy. Behavioral economic tasks have considerable utility for assessing the reinforcing efficacy of current and emerging tobacco products. This paper provides a narrative review of several behavioral economic laboratory tasks and identifies important applications to tobacco regulatory science. Behavioral economic laboratory assessments, including operant self-administration, choice tasks and purchase tasks, can be used generate behavioral economic data on the effect of price and other constraints on tobacco product consumption. These tasks could provide an expedited simulation of the effects of various tobacco control policies across populations of interest to the FDA. Tobacco regulatory research questions that can be addressed with behavioral economic tasks include assessments of the impact of product characteristics on product demand, assessments of the abuse liability of novel and potential modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs), and assessments of the impact of conventional and novel products in vulnerable populations.

Cocaine self-administration disrupts mesolimbic dopamine circuit function and attenuates dopaminergic responsiveness to cocaine.

PubMed

Siciliano, Cody A; Ferris, Mark J; Jones, Sara R

2015-08-01

Dopaminergic projections from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have long been implicated in encoding associations between reward availability and environmental stimuli. As such, this circuit is instrumental in guiding behaviors towards obtaining maximal rewards based on previous experience. Cocaine acts on the dopamine system to exert its reinforcing effects and it is thought that cocaine-induced dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission contributes to the difficulty that cocaine addicts exhibit in selecting environmentally appropriate behaviors. Here we used cocaine self-administration combined with in vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry in anesthetised rats to examine the function of the ventral tegmental area to NAc projection neurons. Over 5 days of cocaine self-administration (fixed-ratio 1; 1.5 mg/kg/injection; 40 injections/day), animals increased their rate of intake. Following cocaine self-administration, there was a marked reduction in ventral tegmental area-stimulated NAc dopamine release. Additionally, there was a decreased augmentation of stimulated dopamine overflow in response to a cocaine challenge. These findings demonstrate that cocaine induces a hypodopaminergic state, which may contribute to the inflexible drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors observed in cocaine abusers. Additionally, tolerance to the ability of cocaine to elevate dopamine may lead to increased cocaine intake in order to overcome decreased effects, another hallmark of cocaine abuse. © 2015 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Probability of Return of Spontaneous Circulation as a Function of Timing of Vasopressor Administration in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

PubMed

Hubble, Michael W; Johnson, Christopher; Blackwelder, Jamie; Collopy, Kevin; Houston, Sara; Martin, Melisa; Wilkes, Delbert; Wiser, Jonina

2015-01-01

Vasopressors (epinephrine and vasopressin) are associated with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Recent retrospective studies reported a greater likelihood of ROSC when vasopressors were administered within the first 10 minutes of arrest. However, it is unlikely that the relationship between ROSC and the timing of vasopressor administration is a binary function (i.e., ≤10 vs. >10 minutes). More likely, this relationship is a function of time measured on a continuum, with diminishing effectiveness even within the first 10 minutes of arrest, and potentially, some lingering benefit beyond 10 minutes. However, this relationship remains undefined. To develop a model describing the likelihood of ROSC as a function of the call receipt to vasopressor interval (CRTVI) measured on a continuum. We conducted a retrospective study of cardiac arrest using the North Carolina Prehospital Care Reporting System (PREMIS). Inclusionary criteria were all adult patients suffering a witnessed, nontraumatic arrest during January-June 2012. Chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze the relationships between ROSC and CRTVI; patient age, race, and gender; endotracheal intubation (ETI); automated external defibrillator (AED) use; presenting cardiac rhythm; and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A multivariate logistic regression model calculated the odds ratio (OR) of ROSC as a function of CRTVI while controlling for potential confounding variables. Of the 1,122 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 542 (48.3%) experienced ROSC. ROSC was less likely with increasing CRTVI (OR = 0.96, p < 0.01). Compared to patients with shockable rhythms, patients with asystole (OR = 0.42, p < 0.01) and pulseless electrical activity (OR = 0.52, p < 0.01) were less likely to achieve ROSC. Males (OR = 0.64, p = 0.02) and patients receiving bystander CPR (OR = 0.42, p < 0.01) were less likely to attain ROSC, although emergency medical services response times were significantly longer among

Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage - 2004

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

Administration ( DTSA ) • Department of Energy (DOE) • Department of Justice (DOJ) • Department of State, including the Bureau of Intelligence and...Threat Reduction Agency DTSA Defense Technology Security Administration EAR Export Administration Regulations 18 EEA Economic Espionage Act of 1996

75 FR 28313 - Mississippi Disaster #MS-00038 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Mississippi, dated 05/13... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

76 FR 66768 - Delaware Disaster #DE-00012, Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Delaware, dated 10/20/2011... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

75 FR 28313 - Alabama Disaster #AL-00032 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Alabama, dated 05/13/2010... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

75 FR 28310 - Florida Disaster # FL-00056 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Florida, dated 05/13/2010... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

75 FR 8414 - Tennessee Disaster # TN-00036 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-24

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Tennessee, dated 02/16..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

78 FR 57923 - Colorado Disaster #CO-00058 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Colorado, dated 09/12... INFORMATION: The notice of the Economic Injury declaration for the State of Colorado dated 07/15/2013, is...

78 FR 53492 - California Disaster #CA-00208 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-29

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of California, dated 08/19... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

75 FR 44994 - Florida Disaster # FL-00056 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-30

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of FLORIDA, dated.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The notice of an Economic Injury declaration for the State of Florida dated 05/13...

75 FR 27845 - Louisiana Disaster #LA-00032 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... of Economic Injury AGENCY: Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Louisiana, dated 05/10...: The notice of an Economic Injury declaration for the State of Louisiana dated 05/05/2010, is hereby...

A fuzzy cost-benefit function to select economical products for processing in a closed-loop supply chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pochampally, Kishore K.; Gupta, Surendra M.; Cullinane, Thomas P.

2004-02-01

The cost-benefit analysis of data associated with re-processing of used products often involves the uncertainty feature of cash-flow modeling. The data is not objective because of uncertainties in supply, quality and disassembly times of used products. Hence, decision-makers must rely on "fuzzy" data for analysis. The same parties that are involved in the forward supply chain often carry out the collection and re-processing of used products. It is therefore important that the cost-benefit analysis takes the data of both new products and used products into account. In this paper, a fuzzy cost-benefit function is proposed that is used to perform a multi-criteria economic analysis to select the most economical products to process in a closed-loop supply chain. Application of the function is detailed through an illustrative example.

The Administrative Power Grab

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sorenson, Richard D.

2007-01-01

Administrative power for some school teachers can be an aphrodisiac that can be applied negatively, especially when a leader has devastating instinct for the weaknesses of others. A leader's intellect and heart closes shop and ceases to function when drunk on power. In this article, the author describes how the use of administrative power can be…

Effects of oral administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and a nutraceutical on thyroid function in dogs with osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Sauvé, Frédéric; Paradis, Manon; Refsal, Kent R; Moreau, Maxim; Beauchamp, Guy; Dupuis, Jacques

2003-06-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of meloxicam; carprofen; and a slow-acting disease modifying osteoarthritis agent, that contains chondroitin sulfate, purified glucosamine, and manganese ascorbate (CS-G-M), on thyroid function in dogs. Forty-six healthy (except for osteoarthritis) euthyroid dogs were blindly assigned to 3 treatment groups: meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M. Each group received the recommended dose of the drug for 60 days. Sixteen other osteoarthritic euthyroid dogs, which received a placebo, were used as a control group to validate the study. For all groups, blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, and 60 to evaluate the serum total and free thyroxine, and endogenous thyrotropin concentrations. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups at each time or within each group over a 60-day period for all parameters. Moreover, none of these values were within the hypothyroid range. Based on the results of this study, the administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M did not affect canine thyroid function evaluation.

Effects of oral administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and a nutraceutical on thyroid function in dogs with osteoarthritis

PubMed Central

Sauvé, Frédéric; Paradis, Manon; Refsal, Kent R.; Moreau, Maxim; Beauchamp, Guy; Dupuis, Jacques

2003-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of meloxicam; carprofen; and a slow-acting disease modifying osteoarthritis agent, that contains chondroitin sulfate, purified glucosamine, and manganese ascorbate (CS-G-M), on thyroid function in dogs. Forty-six healthy (except for osteoarthritis) euthyroid dogs were blindly assigned to 3 treatment groups: meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M. Each group received the recommended dose of the drug for 60 days. Sixteen other osteoarthritic euthyroid dogs, which received a placebo, were used as a control group to validate the study. For all groups, blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, and 60 to evaluate the serum total and free thyroxine, and endogenous thyrotropin concentrations. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups at each time or within each group over a 60-day period for all parameters. Moreover, none of these values were within the hypothyroid range. Based on the results of this study, the administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M did not affect canine thyroid function evaluation. PMID:12839241

34 CFR 99.60 - What functions has the Secretary delegated to the Office and to the Office of Administrative Law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What functions has the Secretary delegated to the Office and to the Office of Administrative Law Judges? 99.60 Section 99.60 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education FAMILY EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS AND PRIVACY What Are the Enforcement Procedures? § 99.60 What functions has the Secretary...

76 FR 19515 - California Disaster # CA-00170 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-07

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of California, dated 03/31..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

78 FR 65745 - Oregon Disaster #OR-00051 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-01

... Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Oregon, dated 09/06/2013...: The notice of the Economic Injury declaration for the State of Oregon dated 09/06/2013 is hereby...

78 FR 61442 - Idaho Disaster #ID-00027 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

... Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of Idaho, dated 09/25/2013. Incident..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

Administrative Claims Data for Economic Analyses in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Challenges and Opportunities

PubMed Central

Preussler, Jaime M.; Mau, Lih-Wen; Majhail, Navneet S; Meyer, Christa L.; Denzen, Ellen; Edsall, Kristen C.; Farnia, Stephanie H.; Silver, Alicia; Saber, Wael; Burns, Linda J.; Vanness, David J.

2017-01-01

There is an increasing need for the development of approaches to measure quality, costs and resource utilization patterns among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients. Administrative claims data provide an opportunity to examine service utilization and costs, particularly from the payer’s perspective. However, because administrative claims data are primarily designed for reimbursement purposes, challenges arise when using it for research. We use a case study with data derived from the 2007–2011 Truven Health MarketScan Research database to discuss opportunities and challenges for the use of administrative claims data to examine the costs and service utilization of allogeneic HCT and chemotherapy alone for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Starting with a cohort of 29,915 potentially eligible patients with a diagnosis of AML, we were able to identify 211 patients treated with HCT and 774 treated with chemotherapy only where we were sufficiently confident of the diagnosis and treatment path to allow analysis. Administrative claims data provide an avenue to meet the need for health care costs, resource utilization, and outcome information. However, when using these data, a balance between clinical knowledge and applied methods is critical to identifying a valid study cohort and accurate measures of costs and resource utilization. PMID:27184624

Professional Education Programme for Land Management and Land Administration in Cambodia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Setha, Vung; Mund, Jan-Peter

2008-01-01

Land management and land administration are defined as a system of planning, management and administration methods and techniques that aims to integrate ecological with social, economic and legal principles in the management of land for urban and rural development purposes. The main objective is to meet changing and developing human needs, while…

34 CFR 81.5 - Authority and responsibility of an Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authority and responsibility of an Administrative Law... PROVISIONS ACT-ENFORCEMENT General Provisions § 81.5 Authority and responsibility of an Administrative Law... the proceedings and the conduct of the parties to ensure a fair, expeditious, and economical...

22 CFR 101.4 - Economic and commercial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Economic and commercial reporting. 101.4 Section 101.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS § 101.4 Economic and commercial reporting. Officers of the Foreign Service shall prepare and...

22 CFR 101.4 - Economic and commercial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Economic and commercial reporting. 101.4 Section 101.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS § 101.4 Economic and commercial reporting. Officers of the Foreign Service shall prepare and...

22 CFR 101.4 - Economic and commercial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Economic and commercial reporting. 101.4 Section 101.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS § 101.4 Economic and commercial reporting. Officers of the Foreign Service shall prepare and...

22 CFR 101.4 - Economic and commercial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Economic and commercial reporting. 101.4 Section 101.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS § 101.4 Economic and commercial reporting. Officers of the Foreign Service shall prepare and...

22 CFR 101.4 - Economic and commercial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Economic and commercial reporting. 101.4 Section 101.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS § 101.4 Economic and commercial reporting. Officers of the Foreign Service shall prepare and...

7 CFR 7.1 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administration. 7.1 Section 7.1 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture SELECTION AND FUNCTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND CONSERVATION STATE, COUNTY AND COMMUNITY COMMITTEES § 7.1 Administration. (a) The regulations of this part are...

7 CFR 7.1 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Administration. 7.1 Section 7.1 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture SELECTION AND FUNCTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND CONSERVATION STATE, COUNTY AND COMMUNITY COMMITTEES § 7.1 Administration. (a) The regulations of this part are...

7 CFR 7.1 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Administration. 7.1 Section 7.1 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture SELECTION AND FUNCTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND CONSERVATION STATE, COUNTY AND COMMUNITY COMMITTEES § 7.1 Administration. (a) The regulations of this part are...

75 FR 32911 - Notice of Informational Meeting for the i6 Challenge Under EDA's Economic Adjustment Assistance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-10

... new, multi-agency innovation competition led by the Economic Development Administration (EDA), a... are in need of additional support, in order to strengthen regional innovation ecosystems. Applicants... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economic Development Administration Notice of Informational Meeting for the...

State University of New York. Central Administration Costs. Report 92-S-104.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Office of the Comptroller, Albany. Div. of Management Audit.

An evaluation was done of State University of New York (SUNY) Central Administration costs by comparing them to peer systems and by evaluating how economically its duties were carried out. Central Administration provides oversight and executive leadership to the system and manages budgeting, accounting, capital facilities, student affairs and…

Behavioral Economics Applied to Energy Demand Analysis: A Foundation

EIA Publications

2014-01-01

Neoclassical economics has shaped our understanding of human behavior for several decades. While still an important starting point for economic studies, neoclassical frameworks have generally imposed strong assumptions, for example regarding utility maximization, information, and foresight, while treating consumer preferences as given or external to the framework. In real life, however, such strong assumptions tend to be less than fully valid. Behavioral economics refers to the study and formalizing of theories regarding deviations from traditionally-modeled economic decision-making in the behavior of individuals. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has an interest in behavioral economics as one influence on energy demand.

Economic constraint and modes of consumption of addictive goods.

PubMed

Ben Lakhdar, Christian; Bastianic, Tanja

2011-09-01

To see how economic recession, or, more generally, how increased economic constraint amongst drug users may impact their behaviour regarding the mode of drug consumption. The theoretical framework is the theory of rational addiction - drug users are considered to be rational and well-informed about the way they use drugs and the consequences of using them. Surveys in the specialist literature dealing with the potential changes in the economic context of drugs users, and with the mechanisms of the bioavailability of psychoactive substances are examined in order to highlight one of the strategies drug users can implement to circumvent economic problems - namely a change in the mode of administration. An examination of ethnographic studies and French data are also used to test our assumptions. Changes in the mode of drug consumption can be the result of a maximization behaviour. Injection is the most effective way to reach a maximum bioavailability of substances. There is evidence in favour of the hypothesis that in times of economic recession, when the economic resources of drug users can decrease, they may prefer injection to other modes of administration in order to maximize the effect of what they have purchased. In times of economic recession, harm reduction policy has to be reinforced as injection behaviour can increase. As a result, economic and social policies should be an integral consideration for health policy issues. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

47 CFR 54.702 - Administrator's functions and responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... schools and libraries support mechanism, the rural health care support mechanism, the high cost support...) The Administrator may not make policy, interpret unclear provisions of the statute or rules, or..., on which applications for services will be posted on behalf of schools, libraries and rural health...

78 FR 57922 - New Mexico Disaster #NM-00034 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of New Mexico, dated 09/10..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

Does cortisol influence core executive functions? A meta-analysis of acute cortisol administration effects on working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting.

PubMed

Shields, Grant S; Bonner, Joseph C; Moons, Wesley G

2015-08-01

The hormone cortisol is often believed to play a pivotal role in the effects of stress on human cognition. This meta-analysis is an attempt to determine the effects of acute cortisol administration on core executive functions. Drawing on both rodent and stress literatures, we hypothesized that acute cortisol administration would impair working memory and set-shifting but enhance inhibition. Additionally, because cortisol is thought to exert different nongenomic (rapid) and genomic (slow) effects, we further hypothesized that the effects of cortisol would differ as a function of the delay between cortisol administration and cognitive testing. Although the overall analyses were nonsignificant, after separating the rapid, nongenomic effects of cortisol from the slower, genomic effects of cortisol, the rapid effects of cortisol enhanced response inhibition, g+ = 0.113, p=.016, but impaired working memory, g+ = -0.315, p=.008, although these effects reversed over time. Contrary to our hypotheses, there was no effect of cortisol administration on set-shifting. Thus, although we did not find support for the idea that increases in cortisol influence set-shifting, we found that acute increases in cortisol exert differential effects on working memory and inhibition over time. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ovarian function in the Nile hippopotamus and the effects of Depo-Provera administration.

PubMed

Graham, L H; Webster, T; Richards, M; Reid, K; Joseph, S

2002-01-01

The preliminary results of an investigation into the reproductive endocrinology of the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and the effects of the progestin Depo-Provera on ovarian function are presented. Faecal progestagen analysis indicated that hippos have an oestrous cycle of 29.2 +/- 0.9 days and faecal progestagen concentrations of 323.6 +/- 31.4 ng g(-1) during the luteal phase. Concentrations were higher (765.9 +/- 162.4 ng g(-1); P < 0.05) during pregnancy than during the luteal phase and remained high until parturition. A lactational anoestrus was usually, but not always, observed during nursing. The onset of puberty was observed in three animals and started at 2.5-3.5 years of age. After Depo-Provera treatment, increases in faecal progestagens indicative of ovulation were observed and were not significantly different from luteal concentrations observed before treatment (236.3 +/- 24.4 versus 340.1 +/- 47.9 ng g(-1), respectively); however, the duration of the luteal phase was shorter (P < 0.05) than before treatment (11.3 +/- 1.0 versus 18.9 +/- 1.0 days, respectively). Females returned to normal cyclicity at day 100.7 +/- 15.3 (range 70-116 days) after administration and one female conceived on day 100 after administration.

A Single Amphetamine Infusion Reverses Deficits in Dopamine Nerve-Terminal Function Caused by a History of Cocaine Self-Administration.

PubMed

Ferris, Mark J; Calipari, Erin S; Rose, Jamie H; Siciliano, Cody A; Sun, Haiguo; Chen, Rong; Jones, Sara R

2015-07-01

There are ∼ 1.6 million people who meet the criteria for cocaine addiction in the United States, and there are currently no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Amphetamine-based dopamine-releasing drugs have shown efficacy in reducing the motivation to self-administer cocaine and reducing intake in animals and humans. It is hypothesized that amphetamine acts as a replacement therapy for cocaine through elevation of extracellular dopamine levels. Using voltammetry in brain slices, we tested the ability of a single amphetamine infusion in vivo to modulate dopamine release, uptake kinetics, and cocaine potency in cocaine-naive animals and after a history of cocaine self-administration (1.5 mg/kg/infusion, fixed-ratio 1, 40 injections/day × 5 days). Dopamine kinetics were measured 1 and 24 h after amphetamine infusion (0.56 mg/kg, i.v.). Following cocaine self-administration, dopamine release, maximal rate of uptake (Vmax), and membrane-associated dopamine transporter (DAT) levels were reduced, and the DAT was less sensitive to cocaine. A single amphetamine infusion reduced Vmax and membrane DAT levels in cocaine-naive animals, but fully restored all aspects of dopamine terminal function in cocaine self-administering animals. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate pharmacologically induced, immediate rescue of deficits in dopamine nerve-terminal function in animals with a history of high-dose cocaine self-administration. This observation supports the notion that the DAT expression and function can be modulated on a rapid timescale and also suggests that the pharmacotherapeutic actions of amphetamine for cocaine addiction go beyond that of replacement therapy.

A Single Amphetamine Infusion Reverses Deficits in Dopamine Nerve-Terminal Function Caused by a History of Cocaine Self-Administration

PubMed Central

Ferris, Mark J; Calipari, Erin S; Rose, Jamie H; Siciliano, Cody A; Sun, Haiguo; Chen, Rong; Jones, Sara R

2015-01-01

There are ∼1.6 million people who meet the criteria for cocaine addiction in the United States, and there are currently no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Amphetamine-based dopamine-releasing drugs have shown efficacy in reducing the motivation to self-administer cocaine and reducing intake in animals and humans. It is hypothesized that amphetamine acts as a replacement therapy for cocaine through elevation of extracellular dopamine levels. Using voltammetry in brain slices, we tested the ability of a single amphetamine infusion in vivo to modulate dopamine release, uptake kinetics, and cocaine potency in cocaine-naive animals and after a history of cocaine self-administration (1.5 mg/kg/infusion, fixed-ratio 1, 40 injections/day × 5 days). Dopamine kinetics were measured 1 and 24 h after amphetamine infusion (0.56 mg/kg, i.v.). Following cocaine self-administration, dopamine release, maximal rate of uptake (Vmax), and membrane-associated dopamine transporter (DAT) levels were reduced, and the DAT was less sensitive to cocaine. A single amphetamine infusion reduced Vmax and membrane DAT levels in cocaine-naive animals, but fully restored all aspects of dopamine terminal function in cocaine self-administering animals. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate pharmacologically induced, immediate rescue of deficits in dopamine nerve-terminal function in animals with a history of high-dose cocaine self-administration. This observation supports the notion that the DAT expression and function can be modulated on a rapid timescale and also suggests that the pharmacotherapeutic actions of amphetamine for cocaine addiction go beyond that of replacement therapy. PMID:25689882

49 CFR 800.23 - Delegation to the administrative law judges, Office of Administrative Law Judges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Delegation to the administrative law judges, Office of Administrative Law Judges. 800.23 Section 800.23 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD AND DELEGATIONS OF AUTHORITY Delegations of...

Essays in Economics of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Romano, Teresa Foy

2014-01-01

This dissertation consists of three separate essays on the economics of education. In the first chapter, co-authored with Esteban Aucejo, studies the relative effectiveness of reducing absences to extending the school calendar on test score performance. Using administrative data for North Carolina public schools, we exploit a state policy that…

Differential Forms: A New Tool in Economics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mimkes, Jürgen

Econophysics is the transfer of methods from natural to socio-economic sciences. This concept has first been applied to finance1, but it is now also used in various applications of economics and social sciences [2,3]. The present paper focuses on problems in macro economics and growth. 1. Neoclassical theory [4, 5] neglects the “ex post” property of income and growth. Income Y(K, L) is assumed to be a function of capital and labor. But functions cannot model the “ex post” character of income. 2. Neoclassical theory is based on a Cobb Douglas function [6] with variable elasticity α, which may be fitted to economic data. But an undefined elasticity α leads to a descriptive rather than a predictive economic theory. The present paper introduces a new tool - differential forms and path dependent integrals - to macro economics. This is a solution to the problems above: 1. The integral of not exact differential forms is path dependent and can only be calculated “ex post” like income and economic growth. 2. Not exact differential forms can be made exact by an integrating factor, this leads to a new, well defined, unique production function F and a predictive economic theory.

75 FR 17792 - North Carolina Disaster # NC-00025 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-07

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of North Carolina, dated 03..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

75 FR 26813 - New Hampshire Disaster #NH-00016 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of New Hampshire, dated 05/04... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

76 FR 59176 - New Mexico Disaster #NM-00023 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of New Mexico, dated 09/13... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

78 FR 52599 - New Mexico Disaster #NM-00033 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of New Mexico, dated 08/13..., applications for economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally...

76 FR 35935 - New Mexico Disaster #NM-00019 Declaration of Economic Injury

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... Declaration of Economic Injury AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) declaration for the State of New Mexico, dated 06/10... economic injury disaster loans may be filed at the address listed above or other locally announced...

The Impact of Vocational and Technical Education on Manpower and Economic Development. Economic Development Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuttle, Francis T.; Alexander, Arch B.

Planners, administrators, economists, and all others involved with human resources and economic development are cautioned to never underestimate the role that vocational education can play in attracting new and expanding industries. Industrial expansion means new capital investments, a vital factor to the future well being of economically…

A Comparison of Academic Administrators and Enrollment Managers' Perceptions of Undergraduate Enrollment Management Functions at a Subset of Four-Year Public Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cesarini, Lisa McHugh

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of various enrollment management functions at a subset of four-year public institutions. Specifically, this study compared perceptions of academic administrators with enrollment managers as they related to the availability, need, and effectiveness of certain enrollment management functions. In…

Workforce Training and Economic Development Fund: 2015 Annual Progress Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iowa Department of Education, 2015

2015-01-01

The Department of Education, Division of Community Colleges, will annually provide the State Board of Education with The Workforce Training and Economic Development (WTED) Fund Annual Progress Report. Administration and oversight responsibility for the fund was transferred from the Iowa Economic Development Authority to the Iowa Department of…

Attenuation of cadmium-induced decline in spatial, habituation and recognition memory by long-term administration of almond and walnut supplementation: Role of cholinergic function.

PubMed

Batool, Zehra; Agha, Faiza; Ahmad, Saara; Liaquat, Laraib; Tabassum, Saiqa; Khaliq, Saima; Anis, Lubna; Sajid, Irfan; Emad, Shaista; Perveen, Tahira; Haider, Saida

2017-01-01

Excessive exposure of cadmium which is regarded as a neurotoxin can stimulate aging process by inducing abnormality in neuronal function. It has been reported that supplementation of almond and walnut attenuate age-related memory loss. Present study was designed to investigate the weekly administration of cadmium for one month on learning and memory function with relation to cholinergic activity. Cadmium was administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg/week. Whereas, almond and walnut was supplemented at the dose of 400 mg/kg/day along with cadmium administration to separate set of rats. At the end of experiment, memory function was assessed by Morris water maze, open field test and novel object recognition test. Results of the present study showed that cadmium administration significantly reduced memory retention. Reduced acetylcholine levels and elevated acetyl cholinesterase activity were also observed in frontal cortex and hippocampus of cadmium treated rats. Malondialdehyde levels were also significantly increased following the administration of cadmium. Daily supplementation of almond and walnut for 28 days significantly attenuated cadmium-induced memory impairment in rats. Results of the present study are discussed in term of cholinergic activity in cadmium-induced memory loss and its attenuation by nuts supplementation in rats.

[Effects of perioperative administration of celecoxib on pain management and recovery of function after total knee replacement].

PubMed

Shen, Bin; Tang, Xin; Yang, Jing; Li, Yong; Zhou, Zong-ke; Kang, Peng-de; Pei, Fu-xing

2009-01-15

To assess the effect of perioperative administration of a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (celecoxib) on pain management and recovery of function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Randomized, controlled trial conducted from January 2005 through February 2006, 60 patients underwent TKA for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis were randomly divided into group of perioperative, administration of celecoxib (Study group, n = 30) and postoperative administration of celecoxib (Control group, n = 30). Patients in Study group were given oral celecoxib 3 d before TKA, 200 mg twice daily, and extended to 5 d postoperatively; patients in Control group were given oral celecoxib 2 h after TKA, 200 mg twice daily, and extended to 5 d postoperatively. All operations were finished by the same surgeon group. The postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) consumption was significantly less in Study group than in Control group [(43 +/- 12) ml vs. (53 +/- 12) ml, P < 0.05]. The pain scores of postoperative 4, 8, 12 h, 1, 2 d in Study group were 6.1 +/- 1.2, 5.0 +/- 1.3, 4.3 +/- 1.1, 3.4 +/- 1.2, significantly less than in Control group (P < 0.05); There were no intergroup significant differences in the pain scores of postoperative 3, 4, 5 d (P > 0.05). There were no intergroup significant differences in respect to the side-effect occurrence, operation time and postoperative drainage, postoperative analgesic consumption (P > 0.05). The time to achieve 90 degrees knee flexion was significantly shorter in Study group than in Control group [(6.2 +/- 1.7) d vs. (8.6 +/- 1.8) d, P < 0.05]. Perioperative administration of the selective Celecoxib holds the effect of preemptive analgesia. Compared with postoperative administration, perioperative administration of celecoxib can alleviate the early postoperative pain score, reduce the consumption of postoperative analgesic, accelerate the recovery of joint motion and thus increase the patient satisfaction.

7 CFR 2.68 - Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics § 2.68 Administrator, National Agricultural...(b)(2), the following delegations of authority are made by the Under Secretary for Research... enumerative and objective measurement surveys, construction and maintenance of sampling frames, and related...

7 CFR 2.68 - Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics § 2.68 Administrator, National Agricultural...(b)(2), the following delegations of authority are made by the Under Secretary for Research... enumerative and objective measurement surveys, construction and maintenance of sampling frames, and related...

Effects of Testosterone Administration on Strategic Gambling in Poker Play

PubMed Central

van Honk, Jack; Will, Geert-Jan; Terburg, David; Raub, Werner; Eisenegger, Christoph; Buskens, Vincent

2016-01-01

Testosterone has been associated with economically egoistic and materialistic behaviors, but -defensibly driven by reputable status seeking- also with economically fair, generous and cooperative behaviors. Problematically, social status and economic resources are inextricably intertwined in humans, thus testosterone’s primal motives are concealed. We critically addressed this issue by performing a placebo-controlled single-dose testosterone administration in young women, who played a game of bluff poker wherein concerns for status and resources collide. The profit-maximizing strategy in this game is to mislead the other players by bluffing randomly (independent of strength of the hand), thus also when holding very poor cards (cold bluffing). The profit-maximizing strategy also dictates the players in this poker game to never call the other players’ bluffs. For reputable-status seeking these materialistic strategies are disadvantageous; firstly, being caught cold bluffing damages one’s reputation by revealing deceptive intent, and secondly, not calling the other players’ bluffs signals submission in blindly tolerating deception. Here we show that testosterone administration in this game of bluff poker significantly reduces random bluffing, as well as cold bluffing, while significantly increasing calling. Our data suggest that testosterone in humans primarily motivates for reputable-status seeking, even when this elicits behaviors that are economically disadvantageous. PMID:26727636

Effects of Testosterone Administration on Strategic Gambling in Poker Play.

PubMed

van Honk, Jack; Will, Geert-Jan; Terburg, David; Raub, Werner; Eisenegger, Christoph; Buskens, Vincent

2016-01-04

Testosterone has been associated with economically egoistic and materialistic behaviors, but -defensibly driven by reputable status seeking- also with economically fair, generous and cooperative behaviors. Problematically, social status and economic resources are inextricably intertwined in humans, thus testosterone's primal motives are concealed. We critically addressed this issue by performing a placebo-controlled single-dose testosterone administration in young women, who played a game of bluff poker wherein concerns for status and resources collide. The profit-maximizing strategy in this game is to mislead the other players by bluffing randomly (independent of strength of the hand), thus also when holding very poor cards (cold bluffing). The profit-maximizing strategy also dictates the players in this poker game to never call the other players' bluffs. For reputable-status seeking these materialistic strategies are disadvantageous; firstly, being caught cold bluffing damages one's reputation by revealing deceptive intent, and secondly, not calling the other players' bluffs signals submission in blindly tolerating deception. Here we show that testosterone administration in this game of bluff poker significantly reduces random bluffing, as well as cold bluffing, while significantly increasing calling. Our data suggest that testosterone in humans primarily motivates for reputable-status seeking, even when this elicits behaviors that are economically disadvantageous.

Understanding Interpersonal Function in Psychiatric Illness Through Multiplayer Economic Games

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Interpersonal factors play significant roles in the onset, maintenance, and remission of psychiatric conditions. In the current major diagnostic classification systems for psychiatric disorders, some conditions are defined by the presence of impairments in social interaction or maintaining interpersonal relationships; these include autism, social phobia, and the personality disorders. Other psychopathologies confer significant difficulties in the social domain, including major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychotic disorders. Still other mental health conditions, including substance abuse and eating disorders, seem to be exacerbated or triggered in part by the influence of social peers. For each of these and other psychiatric conditions, the extent and quality of social support is a strong determinant of outcome such that high social support predicts symptom improvement and remission. Despite the central role of interpersonal factors in psychiatric illness, the neurobiology of social impairments remains largely unexplored, in part due to difficulties eliciting and quantifying interpersonal processes in a parametric manner. Recent advances in functional neuroimaging, combined with multiplayer exchange games drawn from behavioral economics, and computational/quantitative approaches more generally, provide a fitting paradigm within which to study interpersonal function and dysfunction in psychiatric conditions. In this review, we outline the importance of interpersonal factors in psychiatric illness and discuss ways in which neuroeconomics provides a tractable framework within which to examine the neurobiology of social dysfunction. PMID:22579510

45 CFR 1336.70 - Technical assistance: Responsibilities of the Loan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Administrator will assure that competent management and technical assistance is available to the borrower consistent with the borrower's knowledge and experience and the nature and complexity of the economic...

45 CFR 1336.70 - Technical assistance: Responsibilities of the Loan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Administrator will assure that competent management and technical assistance is available to the borrower consistent with the borrower's knowledge and experience and the nature and complexity of the economic...

45 CFR 1336.70 - Technical assistance: Responsibilities of the Loan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Administrator will assure that competent management and technical assistance is available to the borrower consistent with the borrower's knowledge and experience and the nature and complexity of the economic...

45 CFR 1336.70 - Technical assistance: Responsibilities of the Loan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES THE ADMINISTRATION FOR NATIVE... consistent with the borrower's knowledge and experience and the nature and complexity of the economic...

45 CFR 1336.70 - Technical assistance: Responsibilities of the Loan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Administrator will assure that competent management and technical assistance is available to the borrower consistent with the borrower's knowledge and experience and the nature and complexity of the economic...

School Business Administration: A Planning Approach. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Candoli, I. Carl; And Others

Intended for both the student and the practitioner, this text examines the role and function of the school business administrator and offers practical information relevant to the job. The authors recognize that the function of school business administration has radically changed in response to social changes. They believe that conventional…

The Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture: New Damage Functions from a Meta-Analsis and the GGCMI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, F. C.; Baldos, U. L. C.; Hertel, T. W.; Diaz, D.

2016-12-01

Substantial advances have been made in recent years in understanding the effects of climate change on agriculture, but this is not currently represented in economic models used to quantify the benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the science regarding climate change impacts on agriculture in these models dates to the early 1990s or before. In this paper we derive new economic damage functions for the agricultural sector based on two methods for aggregating current scientific understanding of the impacts of warming on yields. We first present a new meta-analysis based on a review of the agronomic literature performed for the IPCC 5th Assessment Report and compare results from this approach with findings from the AgMIP Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI). We find yield impacts implied by the meta-analysis are generally more negative than those from the GGCMI, particularly at higher latitudes, but show substantial agreement in many areas. We then use both yield products as input to the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) computable general equilibrium (CGE) model in order to estimate the welfare consequences of these yield shocks and to produce two new economic damage functions. These damage functions are consistently more negative than the current representation of agricultural damages in Integrated Asessment Models (IAMs), in some cases substantially so. Replacing the existing damage functions with those based on more recent science increases the social cost of carbon (SCC) by between 43% (GGCMI) and 143% (Meta-Analysis). In addition to presenting a new mutli-crop, multi-model gridded yield impact prouct that complements the GGCMI, this is also the first end-to-end study that directly links the biophysical impacts of climate change to the SCC, something we believe essential to improving the integrity of IAMs going forward.

School Administrators as Change Agents; A Role Dilemma.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazard, William R.

The administrator's role in the change process is not all clear. Role conflict has been a barrier to administrators acting as change agents. Although the functions of executive, leader, maintainer, and policy implementer are common to most administrators, the total dimensions of administrative roles are seldom laid out in any job description. The…

Economic burden attributable to functional bowel disorders in Iran: a cross-sectional population-based study.

PubMed

Moghimi-Dehkordi, Bijan; Vahedi, Mohsen; Pourhoseingholi, Mohammad Amin; Khoshkrood Mansoori, Babak; Safaee, Azadeh; Habibi, Manijeh; Pourhoseingholi, Asma; Zali, Mohammad Reza

2011-10-01

While few population-based studies on the economic burden of functional bowel disorders (FBD) have been published from developing countries like Iran, this study aimed to estimate their direct and indirect costs for five groups of patients: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC), unspecified-FBD (U-FBD), functional abdominal bloating (FAB) and functional diarrhea (FD). Up to 18,180 adults randomly sampled from Tehran, Iran (2006-2007) were interviewed using two questionnaires based on the Rome III criteria to detect FBD patients and to estimate their medical expenses (such as visiting the doctor, drugs, hospitalization and laboratory tests) and productivity loss in the previous 6 months. All costs were converted to dollar purchasing power parity (PPP$) to facilitate cross-country comparisons. The mean total 6-month costs were approximately: 160, 147, 103, 96 and 42 PPP$ for IBS, FC, U-FBD, FAB and FD, respectively. The highest proportion of drug consumption was found in IBS patients. The highest mean duration of absence from work was seen in IBS patients (2.26 days). Overall, doctor visit costs accounted for approximately 1/3 of the total costs for FBD, followed by hospitalization. A higher indirect cost of illness was found in IBS (54 PPP$), whereas it was zero in FD. The economic burden of FBD seems to be moderately high in Iran and it imposes a relatively heavy financial burden on the Iranian national health system because of its high prevalence and its impact on quality of life, productivity and waste of resources. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2011 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

AASA Survey: Impact of the Economic Downturn on School Jobs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AASA, The School Superintendent's Association, 2009

2009-01-01

As part of an ongoing effort to gauge how school districts across the country are responding to the current economic downturn, the American Association of School Administrators (AASA) continues to assess various measures of economic impact. Earlier AASA surveys addressed trends in districts' initial responses to the downturn, districts'…

The Effect of the Oral Administration of Leucine on Endothelial Function, Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Healthy Subjects.

PubMed

Argyrakopoulou, Georgia; Kontrafouri, Paraskevi; Eleftheriadou, Ioanna; Kokkinos, Alexander; Arapostathi, Christina; Kyriaki, Despoina; Perrea, Despoina; Revenas, Constantinos; Katsilambros, Nicholas; Tentolouris, Nicholas

2018-06-11

The aim of our study was to investigate the potential differential effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia induced by glucose infusion alone and in combination with leucine consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals. Ten male volunteers were examined in random order twice. In one visit, they consumed 250 ml water (baseline) and 30 min later glucose was infused iv. In the other visit, they consumed 250 ml water with 25 g of leucine and 30 min later the same amount of glucose was infused. Serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and every 10 min after glucose infusion for 1 h. Endothelial function was evaluated by measurement of flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) at baseline, 10 and 60 min after glucose infusion. In both visits, glucose levels increased to the same degree, whereas insulin response was significantly higher after leucine administration. FMD values declined significantly compared to baseline 10 min after glucose infusion in the control visit (6.9±2.7 vs. 3.2±3.5%, respectively, p=0.006), while no significant change was observed when glucose infusion was followed by leucine consumption. Acute hyperglycaemia impairs endothelial function in healthy male individuals. Leucine administration prevents hyperglycaemia-mediated endothelial dysfunction probably due to enhanced insulin secretion. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

76 FR 64072 - Membership of the Economic Development Administration Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-17

... CONTACT: Ronda L. Holbrook, U.S. Department of Commerce, Human Resources Operations Center (DOCHROC... Management, OS, Office of the Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary for Administration, career. 4. Edith J. McCloud, Associate Director for Management, Minority Business Development Agency, career. Dated...

Effects of preoperative administration of carprofen on renal function and hemostasis in dogs undergoing surgery for fracture repair.

PubMed

Bergmann, Hannes M L; Nolte, Ingo J A; Kramer, Sabine

2005-08-01

To evaluate effects of preoperative administration of carprofen on renal function and hemostasis in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for fracture repair. 26 client-owned dogs. Anesthesia was induced with levomethadone, diazepam, and propofol and maintained by administration of isoflurane in oxygen-nitrous oxide. Carprofen (4 mg/kg, SC) was administered 1 hour before induction to 13 dogs (group 1) and after extubation to the other 13 dogs (group 2). All dogs also received carprofen (4 mg/kg, SC, q 24 h) for the first 4 days after surgery. Renal function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], urinary protein-to-urinary creatinine ratio [UP:UC], and results of urinalysis and biochemical analysis of plasma), hemostatic variables (bleeding time, platelet aggregation, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], and platelet count), and Hct were assessed before and at various time points after surgery. Analysis of results for renal function tests, most of the hemostatic and plasma biochemical variables, and Hct did not reveal significant differences between treatment groups. Values for GFR, UP:UC, PT, APTT, and platelet aggregation were outside reference ranges in many dogs before surgery and during the first 6 hours after surgery. In most dogs, these trauma-induced pathologic changes returned to within reference ranges during the 4-day period after surgery. Carprofen did not cause clinically relevant adverse effects in dogs anesthetized for fracture repair after 5 days of treatment, even when it was administered before surgery or given to patients with trauma-induced alterations in renal function or hemostasis.

21 CFR 1316.09 - Application for administrative inspection warrant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application for administrative inspection warrant. 1316.09 Section 1316.09 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS, PRACTICES, AND PROCEDURES Administrative Inspections § 1316.09 Application for...

The Economics of America's Energy Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmons, Henry

This is an Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) pamphlet which reviews economic and technical considerations for the future development of energy sources. Included are sections on petroleum, synthetic fuels, oil shale, nuclear power, geothermal power, and solar energy. Also presented are data pertaining to U.S. energy production…

Co-administration of delta- and mu-opioid receptor agonists promotes peripheral opioid receptor function

PubMed Central

Schramm, Cicely L.; Honda, Christopher N.

2010-01-01

Enhancement of peripheral opioid analgesia following tissue injury or inflammation in animal models is well-documented, but clinical results of peripheral opioid therapy remain inconsistent. Previous studies in the central nervous system have shown that co-administration of μ- and δ-opioid receptor agonists can enhance analgesic outcomes; however, less is known about the functional consequences of opioid receptor interactions in the periphery. The present study examines the effects of intraplantar injection of the μ- and δ-opioid receptor agonists, morphine and deltorphin, alone and in combination on behavioral tests of nociception in naïve rats and on potassium-evoked release of CGRP from sciatic nerves of naïve rats. Neither drug alone affected nociceptive behaviors or CGRP release. Two separate measures of mechanical nociceptive sensitivity remained unchanged after co-administration of the two drugs. In contrast, when deltorphin was co-injected with morphine, dose-dependent and peripherally-restricted increases in paw withdrawal latencies to radiant heat were observed. Similarly, concentration-dependent inhibition of CGRP release was observed when deltorphin and morphine were administered in sequence prior to potassium stimulation. However, no inhibition was observed when morphine was administered prior to deltorphin. All combined opioid effects were blocked by co-application of antagonists. Deltorphin exposure also enhanced the in vivo and in vitro effects of another μ-opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO. Together, these results suggest that under normal conditions, δ-opioid receptor agonists enhance the effect of μ-opioid receptor agonists in the periphery, and local co-administration of δ- and μ-opioid receptor agonists may improve results of peripheral opioid therapy for the treatment of pain. PMID:20970925

Database Administration: Concepts, Tools, Experiences, and Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leong-Hong, Belkis; Marron, Beatrice

The concepts of data base administration, the role of the data base administrator (DBA), and computer software tools useful in data base administration are described in order to assist data base technologists and managers. A study of DBA's in the Federal Government is detailed in terms of the functions they perform, the software tools they use,…

13 CFR 123.302 - What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.302 Section 123.302 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.302 What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan? Your economic injury loan will have an interest rate of 4 percent per annum...

13 CFR 123.302 - What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.302 Section 123.302 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.302 What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan? Your economic injury loan will have an interest rate of 4 percent per annum...

13 CFR 123.302 - What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.302 Section 123.302 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.302 What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan? Your economic injury loan will have an interest rate of 4 percent per annum...

13 CFR 123.302 - What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.302 Section 123.302 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.302 What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan? Your economic injury loan will have an interest rate of 4 percent per annum...

Assessment of eco-environmental quality of Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone.

PubMed

Ma, He; Shi, Longyu

2016-05-01

Regional eco-environmental quality is the key and foundation to the sustainable socio-economic development of a region. Eco-environmental quality assessment can reveal the capacity of sustainable socio-economic development in a region and the degree of coordination between social production and the living environment. As part of a new development strategy for Fujian Province, the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone (hereafter referred to as the Economic Zone) provides an important guarantee for the development of China's southeastern coastal area. Based on ecological and remote sensing data on the Economic Zone obtained in 2000, 2005, and 2010, this study investigated county-level administrative regions with a comprehensive index of eco-environmental indicators. An objective weighting method was used to determine the importance of each indicator. This led to the development of an indicator system to assess the eco-environmental quality of the economic zone. ArcGIS software was used to assess the eco-environmental quality of the economic zone based on each indicator. The eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of the county-level administrative regions was calculated. The overall eco-environmental quality of the Economic Zone during the period studied is described and analyzed. The results show that the overall eco-environmental quality of the Economic Zone is satisfactory, but significant intraregional differences still exist. The key to improving the overall eco-environmental quality of this area is to restore vegetation and preserve biodiversity.

An Evaluation with Respect to e-Learning and Economic Analysis of the Graduate Program Offered in Anadolu University's Institute of Educational Sciences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bayrak, Coskun; Kesim, Eren

2005-01-01

In this study, an e-learning platform was formed to enable school teachers and administrators to attend graduate programs in the field of educational administration, supervision, planning and economics. In this framework, for the non-thesis educational administration, supervision, planning and economics graduate programs to be conducted in the…

[A bit of business administration--no problem for physicians: Master of Business Administration as panacea?].

PubMed

Tecklenburg, A; Liebeneiner, J

2010-08-01

Medical professionals with additional economic qualifications are in high demand. For doctors who aim for leading positions at medical institutions the most popular additional qualification is a Master of Business Administration (MBA). The demands on executive managers in hospitals have without any doubt changed in recent years requiring them to be trained in basic economic understanding, human resource management etc. in addition to having excellent medical training. However, MBA programs differ from one academic institution to the next. Due to the lack of standardized schedules in MBA programs it cannot be ascertained whether a candidate received adequate training and can offer the skills necessary for a higher level medical profession. In this paper the author suggests that specific training in individually required skills would be more reasonable and effective rather than encouraging medical staff to pursue academic studies leading to an MBA.

Critical Issues that Face Tertiary Education Institutions and Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Gareth

1983-01-01

Issues of the university's role in social and economic progress, educational demand, employment needs and patterns, changes in instructional methods, research, and managing change without growth are discussed. The need to extract long-term policy needs from the multiplicity of short-term administrative demands is examined. (MSE)

PDP-11 Meeting School District Administrative Data Processing Challenges.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technological Horizons in Education, 1983

1983-01-01

Elmhurst Community Unit School District 205 (Illinois) is currently using a Digital PDP-11/70 computer system and administrative software to handle administrative functions with ease and efficiency. These functions include production of reports and payroll, student scheduling, reporting grades and student progress, and maintaining student…

13 CFR 123.303 - How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.303 Section 123.303 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.303 How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan? (a) You can only use the loan proceeds for working capital necessary to...

13 CFR 123.303 - How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.303 Section 123.303 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.303 How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan? (a) You can only use the loan proceeds for working capital necessary to...

[Spatio-temporal change of sand-fixing function and its driving forces in desertification control ecological function area of Hunshandake, China].

PubMed

Shen, Lu; Tian, Mei-rong; Gao, Ji-xi; Qian, Jin-ping

2016-01-01

Soil erosion is an important ecological and environmental problem in Hunshandake Desert, and the sand-fixing function determines the degree of ecological security in the entire region. In order to clarify the situation of windbreak and sand fixation in Hunshandake area, and to guide the prevention and treatment of desertification on regional scale, based on the meteorological and remote sensing data, this paper quantitatively analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of windbreak and sand fixation ability between 2000-2010 by the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model, meanwhile, the driving forces for each county ( or banner) in the functional zone were analyzed with the method of principal component analysis. The results showed that there was a fluctuation of the sand fixing capacity in Hunshandake over time, generally rendering a decline trend. The coniferous forest and grassland had strong windbreak and sand fixation capacity in unit area among the various land categories. In terms of spatial distribution, the windbreak and sand fixation function in western and southeastern region was weak and needed to be strengthened with ecological restoration efforts. Through the study of the social driving forces of each administrative region in the function zone, there were 3 main social driving forces of soil erosion in the administrative functions: the intensity of input-output, the level of economic development and the level of agriculture-husbandry development.

HEALTH CARE ECONOMICS IN ROMANIA--DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTION.

PubMed

Tamba, B I; Azoicăi, Doina; Druguş, Daniela

2016-01-01

Health economics refers to the analysis of medical institutions considering their economic and social efficacy, but also the regularity and the relationships that govern the phenomena and the processes from the field of health with the final purpose of achieving better results with the minimum of resources; it represents the study of health price in its complexity. The economics of the population's health needs and in particular the health needs in case of the poor groups of the population, consider health to be the main component of global human vulnerability. Health economics tries to change the simple interpretation of health price and disease cost into a wider consideration of a system administration similar to educational and social economics and the study of health in the context of the multiple specializations of the macro economy of the national group, as it is an instrument in the country's great economics symphony.

Influence of 4-week multi-strain probiotic administration on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers.

PubMed

Bagga, Deepika; Aigner, Christoph Stefan; Reichert, Johanna Louise; Cecchetto, Cinzia; Fischmeister, Florian Ph S; Holzer, Peter; Moissl-Eichinger, Christine; Schöpf, Veronika

2018-05-30

Experimental investigations in rodents have contributed significantly to our current understanding of the potential importance of the gut microbiome and brain interactions for neurotransmitter expression, neurodevelopment, and behaviour. However, clinical evidence to support such interactions is still scarce. The present study used a double-blind, randomized, pre- and post-intervention assessment design to investigate the effects of a 4-week multi-strain probiotic administration on whole-brain functional and structural connectivity in healthy volunteers. Forty-five healthy volunteers were recruited for this study and were divided equally into three groups (PRP: probiotic, PLP: placebo, and CON: control). All the participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and diffusion MRI brain scans twice during the course of study, at the beginning (time point 1) and after 4 weeks (time point 2). MRI data were acquired using a 3T whole-body MR system (Magnetom Skyra, Siemens, Germany). Functional connectivity (FC) changes were observed in the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and middle and superior frontal gyrus network (MFGN) in the PRP group as compared to the PLP and CON groups. PRP group showed a significant decrease in FC in MFGN (in frontal pole and frontal medial cortex) and in DMN (in frontal lobe) as compared to CON and PLP groups, respectively. Further, significant increase in FC in SN (in cingulate gyrus and precuneus cortex) was also observed in PRP group as compared to CON group. The significance threshold was set to p < 0.05 FWE corrected. No significant structural differences were observed between the three groups. This work provides new insights into the role of a multi-strain probiotic administration in modulating the behaviour, which is reflected as changes in the FC in healthy volunteers. This study motivates future investigations into the role of probiotics in context of major depression and stress disorders.

Functional consequences of cocaine expectation: findings in a non-human primate model of cocaine self-administration.

PubMed

Porrino, Linda J; Beveridge, Thomas J R; Smith, Hilary R; Nader, Michael A

2016-05-01

Exposure to stimuli and environments associated with drug use is considered one of the most important contributors to relapse among substance abusers. Neuroimaging studies have identified neural circuits underlying these responses in cocaine-dependent subjects. But these studies are often difficult to interpret because of the heterogeneity of the participants, substances abused, and differences in drug histories and social variables. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the functional effects of exposure to cocaine-associated stimuli in a non-human primate model of cocaine self-administration, providing precise control over these variables, with the 2-[(14) C]deoxyglucose method. Rhesus monkeys self-administered 0.3 mg/kg/injection cocaine (n = 4) under a fixed-interval 3-minute (FI 3-min) schedule of reinforcement (30 injections/session) for 100 sessions. Control animals (n = 4) underwent identical schedules of food reinforcement. Sessions were then discontinued for 30 days, after which time, monkeys were exposed to cocaine- or food-paired cues, and the 2-[(14) C]deoxyglucose experiment was conducted. The presentation of the cocaine-paired cues resulted in significant increases in functional activity within highly restricted circuits that included portions of the pre-commissural striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, rostral temporal cortex and limbic thalamus when compared with control animals presented with the food-paired cues. The presentation of cocaine-associated cues increased brain functional activity in contrast to the decreases observed after cocaine consumption. Furthermore, the topography of brain circuits engaged by the expectation of cocaine is similar to the distribution of effects during the earliest phases of cocaine self-administration, prior to the onset of neuroadaptations that accompany chronic cocaine exposure. © 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Does the Size of the Effect of Adverse Events at High Ages on Daily-Life Physical Functioning Depend on the Economic Conditions Around Birth?

PubMed

Scholte, Robert; van den Berg, Gerard J; Lindeboom, Maarten; Deeg, Dorly J H

2017-01-01

This paper considers determinants of physical functional limitations in daily-life activities at high ages. Specifically, we quantify the extent to which the impact of adverse life events on this outcome is larger in case of exposure to adverse economic conditions early in life. Adverse life events include bereavement, severe illness in the family, and the onset of chronic diseases. We use a longitudinal data set of individuals born in the first decades of the 20th century. The business cycle around birth is used as an indicator of economic conditions early in life. We find that the extent to which functional limitations suffer from the onset of chronic diseases is larger if the individual was born in a recession. The long-run effect of economic conditions early in life on functional limitations at high ages runs primarily via this life event. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Intramuscular Administration of a Synthetic CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide Modulates Functional Responses of Neutrophils of Neonatal Foals

PubMed Central

Cohen, Noah D.; Bourquin, Jessica R.; Bordin, Angela I.; Kuskie, Kyle R.; Brake, Courtney N.; Weaver, Kaytee B.; Liu, Mei; Felippe, M. Julia B.; Kogut, Michael H.

2014-01-01

Neutrophils play an important role in protecting against infection. Foals have age-dependent deficiencies in neutrophil function that may contribute to their predisposition to infection. Thus, we investigated the ability of a CpG-ODN formulated with Emulsigen to modulate functional responses of neutrophils in neonatal foals. Eighteen foals were randomly assigned to receive either a CpG-ODN with Emulsigen (N = 9) or saline intramuscularly at ages 1 and 7 days. At ages 1, 3, 9, 14, and 28, blood was collected and neutrophils were isolated from each foal. Neutrophils were assessed for basal and Rhodococcus equi-stimulated mRNA expression of the cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-8 using real-time PCR, degranulation by quantifying the amount of β-D glucuronidase activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using flow cytometry. In vivo administration of the CpG-ODN formulation on days 1 and 7 resulted in significantly (P<0.05) increased IFN-γ mRNA expression by foal neutrophils on days 3, 9, and 14. Degranulation was significantly (P<0.05) lower for foals in the CpG-ODN-treated group than the control group at days 3 and 14, but not at other days. No effect of treatment on ROS generation was detected. These results indicate that CpG-ODN administration to foals might improve innate and adaptive immune responses that could protect foals against infectious diseases and possibly improve responses to vaccination. PMID:25333660

The Academic and Administrative Interface in Scandinavian Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karlsson, Curt

1996-01-01

Evolution of the relationship between academic and administrative functions in Swedish universities is traced over 30 years. Attention is given to a shift toward administrative power during a period of university democratization, and partial restoration of academic leadership in the 1990s. Two distinct patterns of administrative structure are…

48 CFR 42.202 - Assignment of contract administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Assignment of contract administration. (a) Delegating functions. As provided in agency procedures... appropriate) of any functions withheld from or additional functions delegated to the CAO. (c) Delegating...

48 CFR 42.202 - Assignment of contract administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Assignment of contract administration. (a) Delegating functions. As provided in agency procedures... appropriate) of any functions withheld from or additional functions delegated to the CAO. (c) Delegating...

Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function.

PubMed

Parker, Lindsay M; Damanhuri, Hanafi A; Fletcher, Sophie P S; Goodchild, Ann K

2015-04-16

Hypotensive drugs have been used to identify central neurons that mediate compensatory baroreceptor reflex responses. Such drugs also increase blood glucose. Our aim was to identify the neurochemical phenotypes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) and adrenal chromaffin cells activated following hydralazine (HDZ; 10mg/kg) administration in rats, and utilize this and SPN target organ destination to ascribe their function as cardiovascular or glucose regulating. Blood glucose was measured and adrenal chromaffin cell activation was assessed using c-Fos immunoreactivity (-ir) and phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase, respectively. The activation and neurochemical phenotype of SPN innervating the adrenal glands and celiac ganglia were determined using the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit, in combination with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Blood glucose was elevated at multiple time points following HDZ administration but little evidence of chromaffin cell activation was seen suggesting non-adrenal mechanisms contribute to the sustained hyperglycemia. 16±0.1% of T4-T11 SPN contained c-Fos and of these: 24.3±1.4% projected to adrenal glands and 29±5.5% projected to celiac ganglia with the rest innervating other targets. 62.8±1.4% of SPN innervating adrenal glands were activated and 29.9±3.3% expressed PPE mRNA whereas 53.2±8.6% of SPN innervating celiac ganglia were activated and 31.2±8.8% expressed PPE mRNA. CART-ir SPN innervating each target were also activated and did not co-express PPE mRNA. Neurochemical coding reveals that HDZ administration activates both PPE+SPN, whose activity increase glucose mobilization causing hyperglycemia, as well as CART+SPN whose activity drive vasomotor responses mediated by baroreceptor unloading to raise vascular tone and heart rate. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automation of orbit determination functions for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-supported satellite missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mardirossian, H.; Heuerman, K.; Beri, A.; Samii, M. V.; Doll, C. E.

1989-01-01

The Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) provides spacecraft trajectory determination for a wide variety of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-supported satellite missions, using the Tracking Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) and Ground Spaceflight and Tracking Data Network (GSTDN). To take advantage of computerized decision making processes that can be used in spacecraft navigation, the Orbit Determination Automation System (ODAS) was designed, developed, and implemented as a prototype system to automate orbit determination (OD) and orbit quality assurance (QA) functions performed by orbit operations. Based on a machine-resident generic schedule and predetermined mission-dependent QA criteria, ODAS autonomously activates an interface with the existing trajectory determination system using a batch least-squares differential correction algorithm to perform the basic OD functions. The computational parameters determined during the OD are processed to make computerized decisions regarding QA, and a controlled recovery process isactivated when the criteria are not satisfied. The complete cycle is autonomous and continuous. ODAS was extensively tested for performance under conditions resembling actual operational conditions and found to be effective and reliable for extended autonomous OD. Details of the system structure and function are discussed, and test results are presented.

Factors Contributing to Financial Aid Administrators' Job Satisfaction: NASFAA 2008 Financial Aid Administrators' Job Satisfaction Survey Results

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NJ1), 2008

2008-01-01

In what kind of job environment are financial aid administrators (FAA) currently working? How satisfied are they with their jobs? What motivates them and what factors are considered morale dampers? How are financial aid (FA) functions viewed by campus' top administrators? Does FA get similar respect and appreciation from their campus peer offices…

The Economics of Cognitive Impairment: Volunteering and Cognitive Function in the HILDA Survey.

PubMed

Hosking, Diane E; Anstey, Kaarin J

2016-01-01

The economic impact of older-age cognitive impairment has been estimated primarily by the direct and indirect costs associated with dementia care. Other potential costs associated with milder cognitive impairment in the community have received little attention. To quantify the cost of nonclinical cognitive impairment in a large population-based sample in order to more fully inform cost-effectiveness evaluations of interventions to maintain cognitive health. Volunteering by seniors has economic value but those with lower cognitive function may contribute fewer hours. Relations between hours volunteering and cognitive impairment were assessed using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data. These findings were extrapolated to the Australian population to estimate one potential cost attributable to nonclinical cognitive impairment. In those aged ≥60 years in HILDA (n = 3,127), conservatively defined cognitive impairment was present in 3.8% of the sample. Impairment was defined by performance ≥1 standard deviation below the age- and education-adjusted mean on both the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Backwards Digit Span test. In fully adjusted binomial regression models, impairment was associated with the probability of undertaking 1 h 9 min less volunteering a week compared to being nonimpaired (β = -1.15, 95% confidence interval -1.82 to -0.47, p = 0.001). In the population, 3.8% impairment equated to probable loss of AUD 302,307,969 per annum estimated by hours of volunteering valued by replacement cost. Nonclinical cognitive impairment in older age impacts upon on the nonmonetary economy via probable loss of volunteering contribution. Valuing loss of contribution provides additional information for cost-effectiveness evaluations of research and action directed toward maintaining older-age cognitive functioning. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

An economic and financial review of Airbus Indsutrie

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-09-04

This report was prepared for the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC). It examines the economics of Airbus Industre (AI) civil transport programs and the potential effects of AI's presence on both the market for...

Choose, rate or squeeze: Comparison of economic value functions elicited by different behavioral tasks

PubMed Central

Pessiglione, Mathias

2017-01-01

A standard view in neuroeconomics is that to make a choice, an agent first assigns subjective values to available options, and then compares them to select the best. In choice tasks, these cardinal values are typically inferred from the preference expressed by subjects between options presented in pairs. Alternatively, cardinal values can be directly elicited by asking subjects to place a cursor on an analog scale (rating task) or to exert a force on a power grip (effort task). These tasks can vary in many respects: they can notably be more or less costly and consequential. Here, we compared the value functions elicited by choice, rating and effort tasks on options composed of two monetary amounts: one for the subject (gain) and one for a charity (donation). Bayesian model selection showed that despite important differences between the three tasks, they all elicited a same value function, with similar weighting of gain and donation, but variable concavity. Moreover, value functions elicited by the different tasks could predict choices with equivalent accuracy. Our finding therefore suggests that comparable value functions can account for various motivated behaviors, beyond economic choice. Nevertheless, we report slight differences in the computational efficiency of parameter estimation that may guide the design of future studies. PMID:29161252

2015 Veteran Economic Opportunity Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

to their spouses or children versus positioning themselves for economic mobility and success. The reality is that 92% of Veterans use the benefit...Traditional Student (Department of Education): Students who are older, attend school part-time, married, have children , and/or work. • Portable...through its Administration of Children and Families (ACF) program, developed the National Directory of New Hires (NDNH) database. The NDNH files contain

Aggregating Polytomous DIF Results over Multiple Test Administrations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zwick, Rebecca; Ye, Lei; Isham, Steven

2018-01-01

In typical differential item functioning (DIF) assessments, an item's DIF status is not influenced by its status in previous test administrations. An item that has shown DIF at multiple administrations may be treated the same way as an item that has shown DIF in only the most recent administration. Therefore, much useful information about the…

Ecological and socio-economic functions across tropical land use systems after rainforest conversion.

PubMed

Drescher, Jochen; Rembold, Katja; Allen, Kara; Beckschäfer, Philip; Buchori, Damayanti; Clough, Yann; Faust, Heiko; Fauzi, Anas M; Gunawan, Dodo; Hertel, Dietrich; Irawan, Bambang; Jaya, I Nengah S; Klarner, Bernhard; Kleinn, Christoph; Knohl, Alexander; Kotowska, Martyna M; Krashevska, Valentyna; Krishna, Vijesh; Leuschner, Christoph; Lorenz, Wolfram; Meijide, Ana; Melati, Dian; Nomura, Miki; Pérez-Cruzado, César; Qaim, Matin; Siregar, Iskandar Z; Steinebach, Stefanie; Tjoa, Aiyen; Tscharntke, Teja; Wick, Barbara; Wiegand, Kerstin; Kreft, Holger; Scheu, Stefan

2016-05-19

Tropical lowland rainforests are increasingly threatened by the expansion of agriculture and the extraction of natural resources. In Jambi Province, Indonesia, the interdisciplinary EFForTS project focuses on the ecological and socio-economic dimensions of rainforest conversion to jungle rubber agroforests and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Our data confirm that rainforest transformation and land use intensification lead to substantial losses in biodiversity and related ecosystem functions, such as decreased above- and below-ground carbon stocks. Owing to rapid step-wise transformation from forests to agroforests to monoculture plantations and renewal of each plantation type every few decades, the converted land use systems are continuously dynamic, thus hampering the adaptation of animal and plant communities. On the other hand, agricultural rainforest transformation systems provide increased income and access to education, especially for migrant smallholders. Jungle rubber and rubber monocultures are associated with higher financial land productivity but lower financial labour productivity compared to oil palm, which influences crop choice: smallholders that are labour-scarce would prefer oil palm while land-scarce smallholders would prefer rubber. Collecting long-term data in an interdisciplinary context enables us to provide decision-makers and stakeholders with scientific insights to facilitate the reconciliation between economic interests and ecological sustainability in tropical agricultural landscapes. © 2016 The Authors.

Ecological and socio-economic functions across tropical land use systems after rainforest conversion

PubMed Central

Rembold, Katja; Allen, Kara; Beckschäfer, Philip; Buchori, Damayanti; Clough, Yann; Faust, Heiko; Fauzi, Anas M.; Gunawan, Dodo; Hertel, Dietrich; Irawan, Bambang; Jaya, I. Nengah S.; Klarner, Bernhard; Kleinn, Christoph; Knohl, Alexander; Kotowska, Martyna M.; Krashevska, Valentyna; Krishna, Vijesh; Leuschner, Christoph; Lorenz, Wolfram; Meijide, Ana; Melati, Dian; Nomura, Miki; Pérez-Cruzado, César; Qaim, Matin; Siregar, Iskandar Z.; Steinebach, Stefanie; Tjoa, Aiyen; Tscharntke, Teja; Wick, Barbara; Wiegand, Kerstin; Kreft, Holger; Scheu, Stefan

2016-01-01

Tropical lowland rainforests are increasingly threatened by the expansion of agriculture and the extraction of natural resources. In Jambi Province, Indonesia, the interdisciplinary EFForTS project focuses on the ecological and socio-economic dimensions of rainforest conversion to jungle rubber agroforests and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Our data confirm that rainforest transformation and land use intensification lead to substantial losses in biodiversity and related ecosystem functions, such as decreased above- and below-ground carbon stocks. Owing to rapid step-wise transformation from forests to agroforests to monoculture plantations and renewal of each plantation type every few decades, the converted land use systems are continuously dynamic, thus hampering the adaptation of animal and plant communities. On the other hand, agricultural rainforest transformation systems provide increased income and access to education, especially for migrant smallholders. Jungle rubber and rubber monocultures are associated with higher financial land productivity but lower financial labour productivity compared to oil palm, which influences crop choice: smallholders that are labour-scarce would prefer oil palm while land-scarce smallholders would prefer rubber. Collecting long-term data in an interdisciplinary context enables us to provide decision-makers and stakeholders with scientific insights to facilitate the reconciliation between economic interests and ecological sustainability in tropical agricultural landscapes. PMID:27114577

21 CFR 1316.07 - Requirement for administrative inspection warrant; exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Requirement for administrative inspection warrant; exceptions. 1316.07 Section 1316.07 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS, PRACTICES, AND PROCEDURES Administrative Inspections § 1316.07 Requirement for...

5 CFR 551.206 - Administrative exemption criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Administrative exemption criteria. An administrative employee is an employee whose primary duty is the performance of office or non-manual work directly related to the management or general business operations, as distinguished from production functions, of the employer or the employer's customers and whose primary duty...

5 CFR 551.206 - Administrative exemption criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Administrative exemption criteria. An administrative employee is an employee whose primary duty is the performance of office or non-manual work directly related to the management or general business operations, as distinguished from production functions, of the employer or the employer's customers and whose primary duty...

5 CFR 551.206 - Administrative exemption criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Administrative exemption criteria. An administrative employee is an employee whose primary duty is the performance of office or non-manual work directly related to the management or general business operations, as distinguished from production functions, of the employer or the employer's customers and whose primary duty...

Social and Economic Analysis Branch: integrating policy, social, economic, and natural science

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schuster, Rudy; Walters, Katie D.

2015-01-01

The Fort Collins Science Center's Social and Economic Analysis Branch provides unique capabilities in the U.S. Geological Survey by leading projects that integrate social, behavioral, economic, and natural science in the context of human–natural resource interactions. Our research provides scientific understanding and support for the management and conservation of our natural resources in support of multiple agency missions. We focus on meeting the scientific needs of the Department of the Interior natural resource management bureaus in addition to fostering partnerships with other Federal and State managers to protect, restore, and enhance our environment. The Social and Economic Analysis Branch has an interdisciplinary group of scientists whose primary functions are to conduct both theoretical and applied social science research, provide technical assistance, and offer training to support the development of skills in natural resource management activities. Management and research issues associated with human-resource interactions typically occur in a unique context and require knowledge of both natural and social sciences, along with the skill to integrate multiple science disciplines. In response to these challenging contexts, Social and Economic Analysis Branch researchers apply a wide variety of social science concepts and methods which complement our rangeland/agricultural, wildlife, ecology, and biology capabilities. The goal of the Social and Economic Analysis Branch's research is to enhance natural-resource management, agency functions, policies, and decisionmaking.

From Manpower Supply to Economic Revival: Governance and Financing of Chinese Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Chenzhi

2000-01-01

Describes main trends in the administration and financing of higher education in China over two decades and analyzes the resource allocation under the reform policies of administrative decentralization and financing diversification. Points out the economic significance of overcoming diseconomies of scale and inefficiencies. (SLD)

Peripheral apelin-13 administration inhibits gastrointestinal motor functions in rats: The role of cholecystokinin through CCK1 receptor-mediated pathway.

PubMed

Bülbül, Mehmet; Sinen, Osman; Birsen, İlknur; Nimet İzgüt-Uysal, V

2017-06-01

Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. The APJ receptor is widely expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues including stomach and small intestine. Apelin administration was shown to induce the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) which is a well-known alimentary hormone with its inhibitory actions on GI motor functions through CCK 1 receptors on vagal afferent fibers. We investigated whether; (i) peripherally injected apelin-13 alters GI motor functions, (ii) apelin-induced changes are mediated by APJ receptor or CCK 1 receptor and (iii) vagal afferents are involved in inhibitory effects of apelin. Solid gastric emptying (GE) and colon transit (CT) were measured, whereas duodenal phase III-like contractions were recorded in rats administered with apelin-13 (300μg/kg, ip). CCK 1 receptor antagonist lorglumide (10mg/kg, ip) or APJ receptor antagonist F13A (300μg/kg, ip) was administered 30min prior to the apelin-13 injections. Vagal afferent denervation was achieved by systemic administration of vanilloid receptor agonist capsaicin (125mg/kg, sc). Apelin-13 administration significantly (p<0.01) increased the CCK level in portal venous plasma samples. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, apelin-13 significantly delayed both GE (p<0.001) and CT (p<0.01). Pretreatment of lorglumide or F13A completely abolished the apelin-13-induced inhibitory effects on GE and CT, moreover, apelin-13 was found ineffective in rats underwent afferent denervation. F13A administration alone significantly accelerated the basal CT. Apelin-13 noticeably disturbed the duodenal fasting motor pattern by impairing phase III-like contractions while increasing the amplitudes of phase II contractions which were prevented by pretreatment of lorglumide and capsaicin. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, lorglumide and capsaicin significantly (p<0.05) reduced the apelin-13-induced increases in phase II motility index. Peripherally administered apelin-13 inhibits GI motor

[The actual approaches to the economic analysis of effectiveness of functioning of multi-profile curative preventive medical institution].

PubMed

Gaĭdarov, G M; Alekseeva, N Iu; Latysheva, E A

2010-01-01

The article deals with the technique of economic analysis of effectiveness of functioning of multi-profile curative preventive medical institution in the conditions of transition to the payment according the completed case of treatment. The necessity of the measures targeted to prevent the financial losses under the new form of payment for hospital care is proved.

Inverse Problems in Economic Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shananin, A. A.

2018-02-01

The problem of economic measurements is discussed. The system of economic indices must reflect the economic relations and mechanisms existing in society. An achievement of the XX century is the development of a system of national accounts and the gross domestic product index. However, the gross domestic product index, which is related to the Hamilton-Pontryagin function in extensive economic growth models, turns out to be inadequate under the conditions of structural changes. New problems of integral geometry related to production models that take into account the substitution of production factors are considered.

Nutritional and socio-economic determinants of cognitive function and educational achievement of Aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Malaysia.

PubMed

Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Mahdy, Mohammed A; Sallam, Atiya A; Ariffin, W A; Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M; Amran, Adel A; Surin, Johari

2011-10-01

A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among Aboriginal schoolchildren aged 7-12 years living in remote areas in Pos Betau, Pahang, Malaysia to investigate the potential determinants influencing the cognitive function and educational achievement of these children. Cognitive function was measured by intelligence quotient (IQ), while examination scores of selected school subjects were used in assessing educational achievement. Blood samples were collected to assess serum Fe status. All children were screened for soil-transmitted helminthes. Demographic and socio-economic data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Almost two-thirds (67·6 %) of the subjects had poor IQ and most of them (72·6 %) had insufficient educational achievement. Output of the stepwise multiple regression model showed that poor IQ was significantly associated with low household income which contributed the most to the regression variance (r2 0·059; P = 0·020). Low maternal education was also identified as a significant predictor of low IQ scores (r2 0·042; P = 0·043). With educational achievement, Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) was the only variable to show significant association (r2 0·025; P = 0·015). In conclusion, the cognitive function and educational achievement of Aboriginal schoolchildren are poor and influenced by household income, maternal education and IDA. Thus, effective and integrated measures to improve the nutritional and socio-economic status of rural children would have a pronounced positive effect on their education.

The Dean as Administrator: Roles, Functions and Attributes. A Compilation of Presentations from the Executive Development Series I: "Have You Ever Thought of Being a Dean?" (1980-1981). Volume I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of Colleges of Nursing, Washington, DC.

The role and attributes of deans of nursing as administrators of baccalaureate or higher degree programs are considered by six deans who contributed to a continuing education workshop series. In addition to outlining skills and attributes needed by administrators, Elizabeth Grossman examines five basic administrative functions: planning,…

Ethanol self-administration in serotonin transporter knockout mice: unconstrained demand and elasticity.

PubMed

Lamb, R J; Daws, L C

2013-10-01

Low serotonin function is associated with alcoholism, leading to speculation that increasing serotonin function could decrease ethanol consumption. Mice with one or two deletions of the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene have increased extracellular serotonin. To examine the relationship between SERT genotype and motivation for alcohol, we compared ethanol self-administration in mice with zero (knockout, KO), one (HET) or two copies (WT) of the SERT gene. All three genotypes learned to self-administer ethanol. The SSRI, fluvoxamine, decreased responding for ethanol in the HET and WT, but not the KO mice. When tested under a progressive ratio schedule, KO mice had lower breakpoints than HET or WT. As work requirements were increased across sessions, behavioral economic analysis of ethanol self-administration indicated that the decreased breakpoint in KO as compared to HET or WT mice was a result of lower levels of unconstrained demand, rather than differences in elasticity, i.e. the proportional decreases in ethanol earned with increasing work requirements were similar across genotypes. The difference in unconstrained demand was unlikely to result from motor or general motivational factors, as both WT and KO mice responded at high levels for a 50% condensed milk solution. As elasticity is hypothesized to measure essential value, these results indicate that KO value ethanol similarly to WT or HET mice despite having lower break points for ethanol. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society.

Prolonged administration of pyridostigmine impairs neuromuscular function with and without down-regulation of acetylcholine receptors.

PubMed

Richtsfeld, Martina; Yasuhara, Shingo; Fink, Heidrun; Blobner, Manfred; Martyn, J A Jeevendra

2013-08-01

The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine, is prophylactically administered to mitigate the toxic effects of nerve gas poisoning. The authors tested the hypothesis that prolonged pyridostigmine administration can lead to neuromuscular dysfunction and even down-regulation of acetylcholine receptors. Pyridostigmine (5 or 25 mg·kg·day) or saline was continuously administered via osmotic pumps to rats, and infused for either 14 or 28 days until the day of neuromuscular assessment (at day 14 or 28), or discontinued 24 h before neuromuscular assessment. Neurotransmission and muscle function were examined by single-twitch, train-of-four stimulation and 100-Hz tetanic stimulation. Sensitivity to atracurium and acetylcholine receptor number (quantitated by I-α-bungarotoxin) provided additional measures of neuromuscular integrity. Specific tetanic tensions (Newton [N]/muscle weight [g]) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at 14 (10.3 N/g) and 28 (11.1 N/g) days of 25 mg·kg·day pyridostigmine compared with controls (13.1-13.6 N/g). Decreased effective dose (0.81-1.05 vs. 0.16-0.45 mg/kg; P < 0.05) and decreased plasma concentration (3.02-3.27 vs. 0.45-1.37 μg/ml; P < 0.05) of atracurium for 50% paralysis (controls vs. 25 mg·kg·day pyridostigmine, respectively), irrespective of discontinuation of pyridostigmine, confirmed the pyridostigmine-induced altered neurotransmission. Pyridostigmine (25 mg·kg·day) down-regulated acetylcholine receptors at 28 days. Prolonged administration of pyridostigmine (25 mg·kg·day) leads to neuromuscular impairment, which can persist even when pyridostigmine is discontinued 24 h before assessment of neuromuscular function. Pyridostigmine has the potential to down-regulate acetylcholine receptors, but induces neuromuscular dysfunction even in the absence of receptor changes.

78 FR 7994 - Criteria Used To Order Administrative Detention of Food for Human or Animal Consumption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-05

... food safety principles embodied in the new criteria for administrative detention, and FDA's use of this... approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety... concludes that this final rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small...

The Carter Administration: Small Community and Rural Development Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Jimmy

The Carter Administration is adopting a Small Community and Rural Development Policy because: (1) rural America's human and natural resources are a mainstay of the nation's economy and way of life; (2) many rural areas are in the midst of significant economic and demographic change; (3) rural people and communities have greater unmet basic human…

Understanding the administrative regulation on occupational health and trend in China.

PubMed

Zhou, Zhijun

2018-03-27

With the immense economic growth and social development, China has gained worldwide attention. With the quick growth of industrialization, several international professionals are gaining interest in occupational management system and in the role of the Chinese Government in protecting the worker's health. The Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and the Work Safety Law are the two most important laws in China, which highlight the responsibilities of the employer, employee, governmental agencies, authorized occupational health service agency, and other stakeholders. The State Council comprises two departments, namely, the State Administration on Work Safety (SAWS) and the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), which are responsible for governing the occupational health work. A series of regulations and standards have been promulgated by the Chinese Government to encourage or instruct the employers to fulfill their responsibility; however, several issues persist related to occupational health work, including administrative, technological, and sociocultural aspects. At present, the Chinese Government wants to enhance the reform in both economic and administrative structures, and the adjustments for modifying and/or improving the occupational health regulatory system are expected. Notably, the occupational health work in China must be altered for better.

Understanding the administrative regulation on occupational health and trend in China

PubMed Central

Zhou, Zhijun

2017-01-01

With the immense economic growth and social development, China has gained worldwide attention. With the quick growth of industrialization, several international professionals are gaining interest in occupational management system and in the role of the Chinese Government in protecting the worker's health. The Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and the Work Safety Law are the two most important laws in China, which highlight the responsibilities of the employer, employee, governmental agencies, authorized occupational health service agency, and other stakeholders. The State Council comprises two departments, namely, the State Administration on Work Safety (SAWS) and the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), which are responsible for governing the occupational health work. A series of regulations and standards have been promulgated by the Chinese Government to encourage or instruct the employers to fulfill their responsibility; however, several issues persist related to occupational health work, including administrative, technological, and sociocultural aspects. At present, the Chinese Government wants to enhance the reform in both economic and administrative structures, and the adjustments for modifying and/or improving the occupational health regulatory system are expected. Notably, the occupational health work in China must be altered for better. PMID:29311440

Automation of orbit determination functions for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-supported satellite missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mardirossian, H.; Beri, A. C.; Doll, C. E.

1990-01-01

The Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) provides spacecraft trajectory determination for a wide variety of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-supported satellite missions, using the Tracking Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) and Ground Spaceflight and Tracking Data Network (GSTDN). To take advantage of computerized decision making processes that can be used in spacecraft navigation, the Orbit Determination Automation System (ODAS) was designed, developed, and implemented as a prototype system to automate orbit determination (OD) and orbit quality assurance (QA) functions performed by orbit operations. Based on a machine-resident generic schedule and predetermined mission-dependent QA criteria, ODAS autonomously activates an interface with the existing trajectory determination system using a batch least-squares differential correction algorithm to perform the basic OD functions. The computational parameters determined during the OD are processed to make computerized decisions regarding QA, and a controlled recovery process is activated when the criteria are not satisfied. The complete cycle is autonomous and continuous. ODAS was extensively tested for performance under conditions resembling actual operational conditions and found to be effective and reliable for extended autonomous OD. Details of the system structure and function are discussed, and test results are presented.

16 CFR 1000.28 - Directorate for Economic Analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Directorate for Economic Analysis. 1000.28... AND FUNCTIONS § 1000.28 Directorate for Economic Analysis. The Directorate for Economic Analysis, which is managed by the Associate Executive Director for Economic Analysis, is responsible for providing...

16 CFR 1000.28 - Directorate for Economic Analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Directorate for Economic Analysis. 1000.28... AND FUNCTIONS § 1000.28 Directorate for Economic Analysis. The Directorate for Economic Analysis, which is managed by the Associate Executive Director for Economic Analysis, is responsible for providing...

16 CFR 1000.28 - Directorate for Economic Analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Directorate for Economic Analysis. 1000.28... AND FUNCTIONS § 1000.28 Directorate for Economic Analysis. The Directorate for Economic Analysis, which is managed by the Associate Executive Director for Economic Analysis, is responsible for providing...

16 CFR 1000.28 - Directorate for Economic Analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Directorate for Economic Analysis. 1000.28... AND FUNCTIONS § 1000.28 Directorate for Economic Analysis. The Directorate for Economic Analysis, which is managed by the Associate Executive Director for Economic Analysis, is responsible for providing...

The School Finance Reform Movement: Implications for School Business Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, K. Forbis

In this speech, the author summarizes the economic and political issues relating to the current interest in school finance reform and discusses the research efforts of the National Educational Finance Project. He focuses on those efforts of direct relevance to school business administration -- cost differentials among educational programs,…

78 FR 14806 - Health Resources and Services Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Health Resources and Services Administration Statement of Organization, Functions and Delegations of Authority; Correction AGENCY: Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), HHS. ACTION: Notice; correction. SUMMARY: HRSA published a document in the Federal...

Administrative Manual. Ouachita Baptist University, July 1975.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ouachita Baptist Univ., ARadelphia, AR.

The July 1975 edition of this handbook is divided into main sections on the university itself, governance and policies, and current procedures. Specific policies described include those dealing with the organization and function of the Board of Trustees; administrative organization and function; faculty organization and function; faculty rights,…

13 CFR 123.300 - Is my business eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for an economic injury disaster loan? 123.300 Section 123.300 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.300 Is my business eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? (a) If your business is located in a declared...

Pathway to Self-Sufficiency: Social and Economic Development Strategies of Native American Communities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Human Development Services (DHHS), Washington, DC.

In fiscal year (FY) 1984 the Administration for Native Americans awarded 227 grants for social and economic development strategies (SEDS) which would help Native American communities move toward self-sufficiency. More than half the grants were primarily for economic development; approximately one-third were for improving tribal governments, and…

Emergency Medical Services Program Administration Prototype Curriculum: Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

The curriculum guide was developed for training administrators (new entrants and incumbents), at the college level, in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) program administration. It is designed to be comprehensive and to include all knowledge and skills needed to perform the functions and tasks involved in EMS administration and management. The brief…

Administration of L-thyroxine does not improve the response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis to clomiphene citrate in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.

PubMed

De Leo, V; la Marca, A; Lanzetta, D; Morgante, G

2000-05-01

To investigate the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea to determine whether the combination of L-thyroxine and clomiphene citrate produces a qualitative and quantitative increase in induced ovulatory cycles. Gynecological Endocrinology Research Center, University of Siena (Italy). 16 young women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and 15 women with normal cycles in early follicular phase. Administration of 50 microgram GnRH and 200 microgram TRH. The women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea were divided into groups A (n=8) and B (n=8). Both groups were given 100 mg/day clomiphene for 5 days/month for 3 months. Women in group A were also given 75 mcg/day thyroid hormone (L-thyroxine) for 3 months. Comparison of basal and stimulated levels of gonadotropins, TSH and Prl, in groups A and B. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of ovulatory cycles induced in the groups. Administration of clomiphene and clomiphene plus L-thyroxine was evaluated in the second and third months of treatment and was followed by a total of 11 ovulatory cycles, six in group A and five in group B. No significant difference was found between groups. Mean progesterone concentrations measured 16 days after the last clomiphene tablet were 5.5+/-1.2 ng/ml in group A and 5.1+/-1.3 ngl/ml in group B. Administration of L-thyroxine with clomiphene does not improve the response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis to clomiphene citrate or the number of ovulatory cycles and does not reduce luteal phase defects.

Consumer Economics, Book I [and] Book II. DECIDE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huffman, Ruth E.; And Others

This module, Consumer Economics, is one of five from Project DECIDE, which was created to design, develop, write, and implement materials to provide adult basic education administrators, instructors, para-professionals, and other personnel with curriculum to accompany the Indiana Adult Basic Education Curriculum Guide, "Learning for Everyday…

Social Status in Monkeys: Effects of Social Confrontation on Brain Function and Cocaine Self-Administration.

PubMed

Gould, Robert W; Czoty, Paul W; Porrino, Linda J; Nader, Michael A

2017-04-01

Individual differences in response to social stress and environmental enrichment may contribute to variability in response to behavioral and pharmacological treatments for drug addiction. In monkeys, social status influences the reinforcing effects of cocaine and the effects of some drugs on cocaine self-administration. In this study, we used male cynomolgus macaques (n=15) living in established social groups to examine the effects of social confrontation on the reinforcing effects of cocaine using a food-drug choice procedure. On the test day, a dominant or subordinate monkey was removed from his homecage and placed into another social pen; 30 min later he was studied in a cocaine-food choice paradigm. For the group, following social confrontation, sensitivity to cocaine reinforcement was significantly greater in subordinate monkeys compared with dominant animals. Examining individual-subject data revealed that for the majority of monkeys (9/15), serving as an intruder in another social group affected cocaine self-administration and these effects were dependent on the social rank of the monkey. For subordinate monkeys, sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine increased while sensitivity decreased in dominant monkeys. To investigate potential mechanisms mediating these effects, brain glucose metabolism was studied in a subset of monkeys (n=8) using [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG) with positron emission tomography. Dominant and subordinate monkeys displayed distinctly different patterns of brain glucose metabolism in their homecage, including areas associated with vigilance and stress/anxiety, respectively, and during social confrontation. These data demonstrate that, depending on an individual's social status, the same social experience can have divergent effects on brain function and cocaine self-administration. These phenotypic differences in response to social conditions support a personalized treatment approach to cocaine addiction.

Social Status in Monkeys: Effects of Social Confrontation on Brain Function and Cocaine Self-Administration

PubMed Central

Gould, Robert W; Czoty, Paul W; Porrino, Linda J; Nader, Michael A

2017-01-01

Individual differences in response to social stress and environmental enrichment may contribute to variability in response to behavioral and pharmacological treatments for drug addiction. In monkeys, social status influences the reinforcing effects of cocaine and the effects of some drugs on cocaine self-administration. In this study, we used male cynomolgus macaques (n=15) living in established social groups to examine the effects of social confrontation on the reinforcing effects of cocaine using a food-drug choice procedure. On the test day, a dominant or subordinate monkey was removed from his homecage and placed into another social pen; 30 min later he was studied in a cocaine-food choice paradigm. For the group, following social confrontation, sensitivity to cocaine reinforcement was significantly greater in subordinate monkeys compared with dominant animals. Examining individual-subject data revealed that for the majority of monkeys (9/15), serving as an intruder in another social group affected cocaine self-administration and these effects were dependent on the social rank of the monkey. For subordinate monkeys, sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine increased while sensitivity decreased in dominant monkeys. To investigate potential mechanisms mediating these effects, brain glucose metabolism was studied in a subset of monkeys (n=8) using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) with positron emission tomography. Dominant and subordinate monkeys displayed distinctly different patterns of brain glucose metabolism in their homecage, including areas associated with vigilance and stress/anxiety, respectively, and during social confrontation. These data demonstrate that, depending on an individual’s social status, the same social experience can have divergent effects on brain function and cocaine self-administration. These phenotypic differences in response to social conditions support a personalized treatment approach to cocaine addiction. PMID

College & University Budgeting. An Introduction for Faculty and Academic Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meisinger, Richard J., Jr.; Dubeck, Leroy W.

A budgeting handbook for academic administrators and faculty is presented. Economic and political influences on budgeting are considered, along with sources of funds for public and private colleges, and the chronology of the budget process. Multiyear summaries of the budget process in different types of colleges are included. Some major policy…

Standards for the Protection of Skin Barrier Function.

PubMed

Giménez-Arnau, Ana

2016-01-01

The skin is a vital organ, and through our skin we are in close contact with the entire environment. If we lose our skin we lose our life. The barrier function of the skin is mainly driven by the sophisticated epidermis in close relationship with the dermis. The epidermal epithelium is a mechanically, chemically, biologically and immunologically active barrier submitted to continuous turnover. The barrier function of the skin needs to be protected and restored. Its own physiology allows its recovery, but many times this is not sufficient. This chapter is focused on the standards to restore, treat and prevent barrier function disruption. These standards were developed from a scientific, academic and clinical point of view. There is a lack of standardized administrative recommendations. Still, there is a walk to do that will help to reduce the social and economic burden of diseases characterized by an abnormal skin barrier function. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

13 CFR 123.302 - What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What is the interest rate on an... ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.302 What is the interest rate on an economic injury disaster loan? Your economic injury loan will have an interest rate of 4 percent per annum...

28 CFR 0.100 - General functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General functions. 0.100 Section 0.100... Administration § 0.100 General functions. The following-described matters are assigned to, and shall be conducted, handled, or supervised by, the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration: (a) Functions vested...

Do economic recessions during early and mid-adulthood influence cognitive function in older age?

PubMed

Leist, Anja K; Hessel, Philipp; Avendano, Mauricio

2014-02-01

Fluctuations in the national economy shape labour market opportunities and outcomes, which in turn may influence the accumulation of cognitive reserve. This study examines whether economic recessions experienced in early and mid-adulthood are associated with later-life cognitive function. Data came from 12,020 respondents in 11 countries participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Cognitive assessments in 2004/2005 and 2006/2007 were linked to complete work histories retrospectively collected in 2008/2009 and to historical annual data on fluctuations in Gross Domestic Product per capita for each country. Controlling for confounders, we assessed whether recessions experienced at ages 25-34, 35-44 and 45-49 were associated with cognitive function at ages 50-74. Among men, each additional recession at ages 45-49 was associated with worse cognitive function at ages 50-74 (b=-0.06, CI -0.11 to -0.01). Among women, each additional recession at ages 25-44 was associated with worse cognitive function at ages 50-74 (b25-34=-0.03, CI -0.04 to -0.01; b35-44=-0.02, CI -0.04 to -0.00). Among men, recessions at ages 45-49 influenced risk of being laid-off, whereas among women, recessions at ages 25-44 led to working part-time and higher likelihood of downward occupational mobility, which were all predictors of worse later-life cognitive function. Recessions at ages 45-49 among men and 25-44 among women are associated with later-life cognitive function, possibly through more unfavourable labour market trajectories. If replicated in future studies, findings indicate that policies that ameliorate the impact of recessions on labour market outcomes may promote later-life cognitive function.

Do Economic Recessions During Early and Mid-Adulthood Influence Cognitive Function in Older Age?

PubMed Central

Leist, Anja K.; Hessel, Philipp; Avendano, Mauricio

2014-01-01

Background Fluctuations in the national economy shape labour market opportunities and outcomes, which in turn may influence the accumulation of cognitive reserve. This study examines whether economic recessions experienced in early and mid-adulthood are associated with later-life cognitive function. Method Data came from 12,020 respondents in 11 countries participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Cognitive assessments in 2004/5 and 2006/7 were linked to complete work histories retrospectively collected in 2008/9, and to historical annual data on fluctuations in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for each country. Controlling for confounders, we assessed whether recessions experienced at ages 25-34, 35-44 and 45-49 were associated with cognitive function at ages 50-74. Results Among men, each additional recession at ages 45-49 was associated with worse cognitive function at ages 50-74 (b = -0.06, Confidence Interval [CI] -0.11, -0.01). Among women, each additional recession at ages 25-44 was associated with worse cognitive function at ages 50-74 (b25-34 = -0.03, CI -0.04, -0.01; b35-44= -0.02, CI -0.04, -0.00). Among men, recessions at ages 45-49 influenced risk of being laid-off, whereas among women, recessions at ages 25-44 led to working part-time and higher likelihood of downward occupational mobility, which were all predictors of worse later-life cognitive function. Conclusions Recessions at ages 45-49 among men and 25-44 among women are associated with later-life cognitive function, possibly via more unfavourable labour market trajectories. If replicated in future studies, findings may indicate that policies that ameliorate the impact of recessions on labour market outcomes may promote later-life cognitive function. PMID:24258197

What Can Computer Technology Offer Special Education Administrators?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Case, Elizabeth J.; And Others

The paper provides an overview of fundamental uses of the microcomputer by special education administrators in a large-city school district. Microcomputer applications are suggested for the following applications: school-level administrative functions (e.g., tracking equipment repair, budget forecasting, and class scheduling); district-wide…

Management of invading pathogens should be informed by epidemiology rather than administrative boundaries.

PubMed

Thompson, Robin N; Cobb, Richard C; Gilligan, Christopher A; Cunniffe, Nik J

2016-03-24

Plant and animal disease outbreaks have significant ecological and economic impacts. The spatial extent of control is often informed solely by administrative geography - for example, quarantine of an entire county or state once an invading disease is detected - with little regard for pathogen epidemiology. We present a stochastic model for the spread of a plant pathogen that couples spread in the natural environment and transmission via the nursery trade, and use it to illustrate that control deployed according to administrative boundaries is almost always sub-optimal. We use sudden oak death (caused by Phytophthora ramorum ) in mixed forests in California as motivation for our study, since the decision as to whether or not to deploy plant trade quarantine is currently undertaken on a county-by-county basis for that system. However, our key conclusion is applicable more generally: basing management of any disease entirely upon administrative borders does not balance the cost of control with the possible economic and ecological costs of further spread in the optimal fashion.

[Administrative and reporting tasks of family physicians in Europe. Comparison with the Hungarian system].

PubMed

Rurik, Imre; Kalabay, László

2008-05-11

Administrative tasks are continuously increasing in the different health systems worldwide and also in the primary care. The administrative and reporting tasks of family physicians in Hungary are regulated by laws and rules. The aim of the study was to compare the recent Hungarian administrative tasks to those of other European countries in the primary care. Family physicians from 22 countries of the European General Practice Research Network were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding their countries. The results of their answers were presented and analyzed. Doctors are paid by capitation or fee for services, sometimes by the combination of both. They are obliged to prepare reports which depend on the respective countries, contain identification data of patients, diagnoses to be set up, and treatments. Administrative duties and the national characteristics of drug-prescriptions, referral systems to specialist or hospital were also analyzed. Conclusions were made in comparison with the European and Hungarian regulations. Reports needed by the Hungarian authorities are more complex and detailed, with many overlaps. The reasons why data are needed are often not clear and do not fit for the purpose. The time available for medical treatment is decreased by administrative duties making the gate-keeper function ineffective. There is no time for real prevention. Without official (governmental) version of primary care softwares, family physicians use too many softwares with different quality, which are not compatible with each other. It is suggested to check and modify the data obliged in reporting systems. Only data relevant in epidemiological or economical points of view should be reported with more focus to personal protection of privacy rights.

Amphetamine Self-Administration Attenuates Dopamine D2 Autoreceptor Function

PubMed Central

Calipari, Erin S; Sun, Haiguo; Eldeeb, Khalil; Luessen, Deborah J; Feng, Xin; Howlett, Allyn C; Jones, Sara R; Chen, Rong

2014-01-01

Dopamine D2 autoreceptors located on the midbrain dopaminergic neurons modulate dopamine (DA) neuron firing, DA release, and DA synthesis through a negative-feedback mechanism. Dysfunctional D2 autoreceptors following repeated drug exposure could lead to aberrant DA activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projection areas such as nucleus accumbens (NAcc), promoting drug-seeking and -taking behavior. Therefore, it is important to understand molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced changes in D2 autoreceptors. Here, we reported that 5 days of amphetamine (AMPH) self-administration reduced the ability of D2 autoreceptors to inhibit DA release in the NAcc as determined by voltammetry. Using the antibody-capture [35S]GTPγS scintillation proximity assay, we demonstrated for the first time that midbrain D2/D3 receptors were preferentially coupled to Gαi2, whereas striatal D2/D3 receptors were coupled equally to Gαi2 and Gαo for signaling. Importantly, AMPH abolished the interaction between Gαi2 and D2/D3 receptors in the midbrain while leaving striatal D2/D3 receptors unchanged. The disruption of the coupling between D2/D3 receptors and Gαi2 by AMPH is at least partially explained by the enhanced RGS2 (regulator of G-protein signaling 2) activity resulting from an increased RGS2 trafficking to the membrane. AMPH had no effects on the midbrain expression and trafficking of other RGS proteins such as RGS4 and RGS8. Our data suggest that midbrain D2/D3 receptors are more susceptible to AMPH-induced alterations. Reduced D2 autoreceptor function could lead to enhanced DA signaling and ultimately addiction-related behavior. RGS2 may be a potential non-dopaminergic target for pharmacological intervention of dysfunctional DA transmission and drug addiction. PMID:24513972

Amphetamine self-administration attenuates dopamine D2 autoreceptor function.

PubMed

Calipari, Erin S; Sun, Haiguo; Eldeeb, Khalil; Luessen, Deborah J; Feng, Xin; Howlett, Allyn C; Jones, Sara R; Chen, Rong

2014-07-01

Dopamine D2 autoreceptors located on the midbrain dopaminergic neurons modulate dopamine (DA) neuron firing, DA release, and DA synthesis through a negative-feedback mechanism. Dysfunctional D2 autoreceptors following repeated drug exposure could lead to aberrant DA activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projection areas such as nucleus accumbens (NAcc), promoting drug-seeking and -taking behavior. Therefore, it is important to understand molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced changes in D2 autoreceptors. Here, we reported that 5 days of amphetamine (AMPH) self-administration reduced the ability of D2 autoreceptors to inhibit DA release in the NAcc as determined by voltammetry. Using the antibody-capture [(35)S]GTPγS scintillation proximity assay, we demonstrated for the first time that midbrain D2/D3 receptors were preferentially coupled to Gαi2, whereas striatal D2/D3 receptors were coupled equally to Gαi2 and Gαo for signaling. Importantly, AMPH abolished the interaction between Gαi2 and D2/D3 receptors in the midbrain while leaving striatal D2/D3 receptors unchanged. The disruption of the coupling between D2/D3 receptors and Gαi2 by AMPH is at least partially explained by the enhanced RGS2 (regulator of G-protein signaling 2) activity resulting from an increased RGS2 trafficking to the membrane. AMPH had no effects on the midbrain expression and trafficking of other RGS proteins such as RGS4 and RGS8. Our data suggest that midbrain D2/D3 receptors are more susceptible to AMPH-induced alterations. Reduced D2 autoreceptor function could lead to enhanced DA signaling and ultimately addiction-related behavior. RGS2 may be a potential non-dopaminergic target for pharmacological intervention of dysfunctional DA transmission and drug addiction.

Neural signatures of economic parameters during decision-making: a functional MRI (FMRI), electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic monitoring study.

PubMed

Minati, Ludovico; Grisoli, Marina; Franceschetti, Silvana; Epifani, Francesca; Granvillano, Alice; Medford, Nick; Harrison, Neil A; Piacentini, Sylvie; Critchley, Hugo D

2012-01-01

Adaptive behaviour requires an ability to obtain rewards by choosing between different risky options. Financial gambles can be used to study effective decision-making experimentally, and to distinguish processes involved in choice option evaluation from outcome feedback and other contextual factors. Here, we used a paradigm where participants evaluated 'mixed' gambles, each presenting a potential gain and a potential loss and an associated variable outcome probability. We recorded neural responses using autonomic monitoring, electroencephalography (EEG) and functional neuroimaging (fMRI), and used a univariate, parametric design to test for correlations with the eleven economic parameters that varied across gambles, including expected value (EV) and amount magnitude. Consistent with behavioural economic theory, participants were risk-averse. Gamble evaluation generated detectable autonomic responses, but only weak correlations with outcome uncertainty were found, suggesting that peripheral autonomic feedback does not play a major role in this task. Long-latency stimulus-evoked EEG potentials were sensitive to expected gain and expected value, while alpha-band power reflected expected loss and amount magnitude, suggesting parallel representations of distinct economic qualities in cortical activation and central arousal. Neural correlates of expected value representation were localized using fMRI to ventromedial prefrontal cortex, while the processing of other economic parameters was associated with distinct patterns across lateral prefrontal, cingulate, insula and occipital cortices including default-mode network and early visual areas. These multimodal data provide complementary evidence for distributed substrates of choice evaluation across multiple, predominantly cortical, brain systems wherein distinct regions are preferentially attuned to specific economic features. Our findings extend biologically-plausible models of risky decision-making while providing

Opportunities for administrators to promote disease management.

PubMed

Kash, Bita A; Gamm, Larry D; Bolin, Jane Nelson; Peck, B Mitchell

2005-01-01

Studies of disease management (DM) have shown that patients who participate in such programs achieve better health status and make fewer emergency room visits. Private and government payers have recently increased their efforts to promote DM initiatives through financial incentives to healthcare providers. This article explores opportunities for administrators of health services organizations (HSO) to promote DM in the current political and economic environment. Our survey of professionals (DM leaders, physicians, and DM nurses) in six DM programs reveals these professionals' assessments of the key players and resources that they deem important to their respective DM programs. They view DM programs as heavily dependent on the support of physicians, nurses, and health plan leaders but relatively less so on the support of HSO administrators- a situation that may suggest opportunities for administrators to take on greater leadership in moving the HSO toward developing DM programs. Survey results also indicate a strong need for the integration of resources such as communication systems, electronic medical records, and DM reporting. Taken collectively, these needs suggest a number of strategies for the administrator to play a larger role in supporting the adoption and effective implementation of DM. In the article, we propose that DM programs can benefit substantially from an administrator who can demonstrate a thorough knowledge of DM-related government and private-payer initiatives and who has the ability to provide leadership to develop and implement viable DM programs. Valued contributions that the administrator should bring to the table include support of standardized DM processes, use of practice guidelines, and provision of pertinent information systems.

Environmental-Socio-Economic Monitoring as a Tool of Region’s Environmental-Economic System Management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galanina, T. V.; Baumgarten, M. I.; Mikhailov, V. G.; Koroleva, T. G.; Mikhailov, G. S.

2017-01-01

The paper deals with the region’s environmental-economic system management through a tool such as the environmental-socio-economic monitoring. The purpose of research - is analysis and development of theoretical assumptions of environmental-socio-economic monitoring system for the effective management of geographically distributed environmental-economic system. The main elements of environmental-socio-economic monitoring are identified, taking into account the characteristics of the studied area. The main result of the research is the development of multi-functional integrated monitoring system for the evaluation of the indicators "gross domestic product" and "gross national product", taking into account the influence of environmental factors. The results of the study conducted may be recommended to the regional and federal governments to support the effective, environment-friendly management decision-making consistent with the overall development concept.

Military Service, Childhood Socio-Economic Status, and Late-Life Lung Function: Korean War Era Military Service Associated with Smaller Disparities.

PubMed

Vable, Anusha M; Kiang, Mathew V; Basu, Sanjay; Rudolph, Kara E; Kawachi, Ichiro; Subramanian, S V; Glymour, M Maria

2018-03-02

Military service is associated with smoking initiation, but U.S. veterans are also eligible for special social, financial, and healthcare benefits, which are associated with smoking cessation. A key public health question is how these offsetting pathways affect health disparities; we assessed the net effects of military service on later life pulmonary function among Korean War era veterans by childhood socio-economic status (cSES). Data came from U.S.-born male Korean War era veteran (service: 1950-1954) and non-veteran participants in the observational U.S. Health and Retirement Study who were alive in 2010 (average age = 78). Veterans (N = 203) and non-veterans (N = 195) were exactly matched using coarsened exact matching on birth year, race, coarsened height, birthplace, childhood health, and parental and childhood smoking. Results were evaluated by cSES (defined as maternal education <8 yr/unknown or ≥8 yr), in predicting lung function, as assessed by peak expiratory flow (PEF), measured in 2008 or 2010. While there was little overall association between veterans and PEF [β = 12.8 L/min; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-12.1, 37.7); p = 0.314; average non-veteran PEF = 379 L/min], low-cSES veterans had higher PEF than similar non-veterans [β = 81.9 L/min; 95% CI: (25.2, 138.5); p = 0.005], resulting in smaller socio-economic disparities among veterans compared to non-veterans [difference in disparities: β = -85.0 L/min; 95% CI: (-147.9, -22.2); p = 0.008]. Korean War era military service appears to disproportionately benefit low-cSES veteran lung functioning, resulting in smaller socio-economic disparities among veterans compared with non-veterans.

Development of a computer-adaptive physical function instrument for Social Security Administration disability determination.

PubMed

Ni, Pengsheng; McDonough, Christine M; Jette, Alan M; Bogusz, Kara; Marfeo, Elizabeth E; Rasch, Elizabeth K; Brandt, Diane E; Meterko, Mark; Haley, Stephen M; Chan, Leighton

2013-09-01

To develop and test an instrument to assess physical function for Social Security Administration (SSA) disability programs, the SSA-Physical Function (SSA-PF) instrument. Item response theory (IRT) analyses were used to (1) create a calibrated item bank for each of the factors identified in prior factor analyses, (2) assess the fit of the items within each scale, (3) develop separate computer-adaptive testing (CAT) instruments for each scale, and (4) conduct initial psychometric testing. Cross-sectional data collection; IRT analyses; CAT simulation. Telephone and Internet survey. Two samples: SSA claimants (n=1017) and adults from the U.S. general population (n=999). None. Model fit statistics, correlation, and reliability coefficients. IRT analyses resulted in 5 unidimensional SSA-PF scales: Changing & Maintaining Body Position, Whole Body Mobility, Upper Body Function, Upper Extremity Fine Motor, and Wheelchair Mobility for a total of 102 items. High CAT accuracy was demonstrated by strong correlations between simulated CAT scores and those from the full item banks. On comparing the simulated CATs with the full item banks, very little loss of reliability or precision was noted, except at the lower and upper ranges of each scale. No difference in response patterns by age or sex was noted. The distributions of claimant scores were shifted to the lower end of each scale compared with those of a sample of U.S. adults. The SSA-PF instrument contributes important new methodology for measuring the physical function of adults applying to the SSA disability programs. Initial evaluation revealed that the SSA-PF instrument achieved considerable breadth of coverage in each content domain and demonstrated noteworthy psychometric properties. Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

School Administration: Persistent Dilemmas in Preparation and Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobson Stephen L., Ed.; Hickcox, Edward S., Ed.; Stevenson, Robert B., Ed.

Much of administrative preparation and practice centers on problem solving, developing alternative solutions, and selecting among competing alternatives for the most feasible solutions. Some of the persistent dilemmas resident in the training and the functioning of administrators are examined here by scholars and practitioners of educational…

A qualitative investigation of the health economic impacts of bariatric surgery for obesity and implications for improved practice in health economics.

PubMed

Campbell, Julie A; Ezzy, Douglas; Neil, Amanda; Hensher, Martin; Venn, Alison; Sharman, Melanie J; Palmer, Andrew J

2018-06-01

Obesity is an economic problem. Bariatric surgery is cost-effective for severe and resistant obesity. Most economic evaluations of bariatric surgery use administrative data and narrowly defined direct medical costs in their quantitative analyses. Demand far outstrips supply for bariatric surgery. Further allocation of health care resources to bariatric surgery (particularly public) could be stimulated by new health economic evidence that supports the provision of bariatric surgery. We postulated that qualitative research methods would elicit important health economic dimensions of bariatric surgery that would typically be omitted from the current economic evaluation framework, nor be reported and therefore not considered by policymakers with sufficient priority. We listened to patients: Focus group data were analysed thematically with software assistance. Key themes were identified inductively through a dialogue between the qualitative data and pre-existing economic theory (perspective, externalities, and emotional capital). We identified the concept of emotional capital where participants described life-changing desires to be productive and participate in their communities postoperatively. After self-funding bariatric surgery, some participants experienced financial distress. We recommend a mixed-methods approach to the economic evaluation of bariatric surgery. This could be operationalised in health economic model conceptualisation and construction, through to the separate reporting of qualitative results to supplement quantitative results. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

28 CFR 0.101 - Specific functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Specific functions. 0.101 Section 0.101 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration § 0.101 Specific functions. The Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration shall be...

13 CFR 123.303 - How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.303 Section 123.303 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.303 How can my business spend my... disaster event; (2) Make payments on loans owned by another federal agency (including SBA) or a Small...

13 CFR 123.303 - How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... economic injury disaster loan? 123.303 Section 123.303 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.303 How can my business spend my... disaster event; (2) Make payments on loans owned by another federal agency (including SBA) or a Small...

School Business Administration: A Planning Approach. Third Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Candoli, I. Carl; And Others

The school business administration function in the operation of American schools has undergone dramatic changes during the past several years. Changing demographics, high technology, the movement to professionalize school administration, and changes by the legislative and judicial systems have all had significant impact on the character of school…

Health economics education in undergraduate medical training: introducing the health economics education (HEe) website.

PubMed

Oppong, Raymond; Mistry, Hema; Frew, Emma

2013-09-13

In the UK, the General Medical Council clearly stipulates that upon completion of training, medical students should be able to discuss the principles underlying the development of health and health service policy, including issues relating to health economics. In response, researchers from the UK and other countries have called for a need to incorporate health economics training into the undergraduate medical curricula. The Health Economics education website was developed to encourage and support teaching and learning in health economics for medical students. It was designed to function both as a forum for teachers of health economics to communicate and to share resources and also to provide instantaneous access to supporting literature and teaching materials on health economics. The website provides a range of free online material that can be used by both health economists and non-health economists to teach the basic principles of the discipline. The Health Economics education website is the only online education resource that exists for teaching health economics to medical undergraduate students and it provides teachers of health economics with a range of comprehensive basic and advanced teaching materials that are freely available. This article presents the website as a tool to encourage the incorporation of health economics training into the undergraduate medical curricula.

Health economics education in undergraduate medical training: introducing the health economics education (HEe) website

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

In the UK, the General Medical Council clearly stipulates that upon completion of training, medical students should be able to discuss the principles underlying the development of health and health service policy, including issues relating to health economics. In response, researchers from the UK and other countries have called for a need to incorporate health economics training into the undergraduate medical curricula. The Health Economics education website was developed to encourage and support teaching and learning in health economics for medical students. It was designed to function both as a forum for teachers of health economics to communicate and to share resources and also to provide instantaneous access to supporting literature and teaching materials on health economics. The website provides a range of free online material that can be used by both health economists and non-health economists to teach the basic principles of the discipline. The Health Economics education website is the only online education resource that exists for teaching health economics to medical undergraduate students and it provides teachers of health economics with a range of comprehensive basic and advanced teaching materials that are freely available. This article presents the website as a tool to encourage the incorporation of health economics training into the undergraduate medical curricula. PMID:24034906

Estimating economic thresholds for pest control: an alternative procedure.

PubMed

Ramirez, O A; Saunders, J L

1999-04-01

An alternative methodology to determine profit maximizing economic thresholds is developed and illustrated. An optimization problem based on the main biological and economic relations involved in determining a profit maximizing economic threshold is first advanced. From it, a more manageable model of 2 nonsimultaneous reduced-from equations is derived, which represents a simpler but conceptually and statistically sound alternative. The model recognizes that yields and pest control costs are a function of the economic threshold used. Higher (less strict) economic thresholds can result in lower yields and, therefore, a lower gross income from the sale of the product, but could also be less costly to maintain. The highest possible profits will be obtained by using the economic threshold that results in a maximum difference between gross income and pest control cost functions.

Are there common mathematical structures in economics and physics?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mimkes, Jürgen

2016-12-01

Economics is a field that looks into the future. We may know a few things ahead (ex ante), but most things we only know, afterwards (ex post). How can we work in a field, where much of the important information is missing? Mathematics gives two answers: 1. Probability theory leads to microeconomics: the Lagrange function optimizes utility under constraints of economic terms (like costs). The utility function is the entropy, the logarithm of probability. The optimal result is given by a probability distribution and an integrating factor. 2. Calculus leads to macroeconomics: In economics we have two production factors, capital and labour. This requires two dimensional calculus with exact and not-exact differentials, which represent the "ex ante" and "ex post" terms of economics. An integrating factor turns a not-exact term (like income) into an exact term (entropy, the natural production function). The integrating factor is the same as in microeconomics and turns the not-exact field of economics into an exact physical science.

13 CFR 123.303 - How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How can my business spend my economic injury disaster loan? 123.303 Section 123.303 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.303 How can my business spend my...

16 CFR § 1000.28 - Directorate for Economic Analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Directorate for Economic Analysis. § 1000... ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS § 1000.28 Directorate for Economic Analysis. The Directorate for Economic Analysis, which is managed by the Associate Executive Director for Economic Analysis, is responsible for providing...

Economic Development and the Programming of Rural Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malassis, L.

Unesco's booklet is intended as a guide (1) for those involved in the planning and development of education in relation to rural and agricultural development and (2) for scientists, teachers, and administrators. In the document, rural development is considered in the context of overall economic growth and agricultural education in reference to the…

An Integrated Modular Approach to Teaching Introductory Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hallagan, William; Donnelly, John

1985-01-01

Described is the design and administration of a large two-semester course in principles of economics that permits both students and faculty some choice of both subject matter and meeting times. Students complete a standardized nine-week core and are then allowed to select topical modules. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed. (Author/RM)

Nurse-computer performance. Considerations for the nurse administrator.

PubMed

Mills, M E; Staggers, N

1994-11-01

Regulatory reporting requirements and economic pressures to create a unified healthcare database are leading to the development of a fully computerized patient record. Nursing staff members will be responsible increasingly for using this technology, yet little is known about the interaction effect of staff characteristics and computer screen design on on-line accuracy and speed. In examining these issues, new considerations are raised for nurse administrators interested in facilitating staff use of clinical information systems.

Population patterns in World’s administrative units

PubMed Central

Miramontes, Pedro; Cocho, Germinal

2017-01-01

Whereas there has been an extended discussion concerning city population distribution, little has been said about that of administrative divisions. In this work, we investigate the population distribution of second-level administrative units of 150 countries and territories and propose the discrete generalized beta distribution (DGBD) rank-size function to describe the data. After testing the balance between the goodness of fit and number of parameters of this function compared with a power law, which is the most common model for city population, the DGBD is a good statistical model for 96% of our datasets and preferred over a power law in almost every case. Moreover, the DGBD is preferred over a power law for fitting country population data, which can be seen as the zeroth-level administrative unit. We present a computational toy model to simulate the formation of administrative divisions in one dimension and give numerical evidence that the DGBD arises from a particular case of this model. This model, along with the fitting of the DGBD, proves adequate in reproducing and describing local unit evolution and its effect on the population distribution. PMID:28791153

An Economic Assessment of Electronic Text. Report Number Six of the Electronic Text Report Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carey, John

This report outlines economic components that will eventually contribute to large models of electronic text services in institutions of higher education, and provides a simple and practical assessment of economic issues associated with electronic text for college administrators, faculty, and planners. This assessment constitutes a layman's guide…

28 CFR 104.45 - Determination of presumed economic loss for claimants who suffered physical harm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for claimants who suffered physical harm. 104.45 Section 104.45 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF... Claimants. § 104.45 Determination of presumed economic loss for claimants who suffered physical harm. In reaching presumed determinations for economic loss for claimants who suffered physical harm (but did not...

28 CFR 104.45 - Determination of presumed economic loss for claimants who suffered physical harm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for claimants who suffered physical harm. 104.45 Section 104.45 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF... Claimants. § 104.45 Determination of presumed economic loss for claimants who suffered physical harm. In reaching presumed determinations for economic loss for claimants who suffered physical harm (but did not...

Project Real World: Economic Living Skills for High School Students. Module II, Your Economic Decisions and You.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal/Provincial Consumer Education and Plain Language Task Force (Canada).

Project Real World, a self-contained, activity-based Canadian consumer science program, provides students with systematic instruction in economic living skills. It gives students in grades 10-12 an orientation to the economic realities and opportunities in society. The program helps students function effectively within the rapidly changing…

The "Joint Venture" in International Business, Economics, and Foreign Languages at Appalachian State University: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothschild, Judith Rice

1982-01-01

A cooperative program of the economics and foreign languages departments offers three undergraduate majors: an economics B.A., with two foreign languages; a B.A. double major of economics and either French or Spanish, complemented by a second language; and a B.S. in business administration, individually designed, with one modern foreign language.…

77 FR 4854 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Second Quarter FY 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Second Quarter FY 2012 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

77 FR 25010 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans Interest Rate for Third Quarter FY 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-26

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans Interest Rate for Third Quarter FY 2012 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

78 FR 5555 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Second Quarter FY 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Second Quarter FY 2013 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

76 FR 44976 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Fourth Quarter FY 2011

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-27

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Fourth Quarter FY 2011 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

76 FR 66769 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for First Quarter FY 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for First Quarter FY 2012 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

77 FR 71668 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for First Quarter FY 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-03

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for First Quarter FY 2013 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

78 FR 26680 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Third Quarter FY 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-07

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Third Quarter FY 2013 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

78 FR 45283 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans Interest Rate for Fourth Quarter FY 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-26

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans Interest Rate for Fourth Quarter FY 2013 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

77 FR 46550 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Fourth Quarter FY 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Interest Rate for Fourth Quarter FY 2012 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

78 FR 65416 - Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans Interest Rate for First Quarter FY 2014

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loans Interest Rate for First Quarter FY 2014 In accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations 13--Business Credit and Assistance Sec. 123.512, the following interest rate is effective for Military Reservist Economic Injury...

21 CFR 1316.12 - Refusal to allow inspection with an administrative warrant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Refusal to allow inspection with an administrative warrant. 1316.12 Section 1316.12 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS, PRACTICES, AND PROCEDURES Administrative Inspections § 1316.12 Refusal to allow...

Development of a Computer-Adaptive Physical Function Instrument for Social Security Administration Disability Determination

PubMed Central

Ni, Pengsheng; McDonough, Christine M.; Jette, Alan M.; Bogusz, Kara; Marfeo, Elizabeth E.; Rasch, Elizabeth K.; Brandt, Diane E.; Meterko, Mark; Chan, Leighton

2014-01-01

Objectives To develop and test an instrument to assess physical function (PF) for Social Security Administration (SSA) disability programs, the SSA-PF. Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses were used to 1) create a calibrated item bank for each of the factors identified in prior factor analyses, 2) assess the fit of the items within each scale, 3) develop separate Computer-Adaptive Test (CAT) instruments for each scale, and 4) conduct initial psychometric testing. Design Cross-sectional data collection; IRT analyses; CAT simulation. Setting Telephone and internet survey. Participants Two samples: 1,017 SSA claimants, and 999 adults from the US general population. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure Model fit statistics, correlation and reliability coefficients, Results IRT analyses resulted in five unidimensional SSA-PF scales: Changing & Maintaining Body Position, Whole Body Mobility, Upper Body Function, Upper Extremity Fine Motor, and Wheelchair Mobility for a total of 102 items. High CAT accuracy was demonstrated by strong correlations between simulated CAT scores and those from the full item banks. Comparing the simulated CATs to the full item banks, very little loss of reliability or precision was noted, except at the lower and upper ranges of each scale. No difference in response patterns by age or sex was noted. The distributions of claimant scores were shifted to the lower end of each scale compared to those of a sample of US adults. Conclusions The SSA-PF instrument contributes important new methodology for measuring the physical function of adults applying to the SSA disability programs. Initial evaluation revealed that the SSA-PF instrument achieved considerable breadth of coverage in each content domain and demonstrated noteworthy psychometric properties. PMID:23578594

Educational Planning and Administration in Latin America: From Optimism to Uncertainty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bustos, Fabio M.

1991-01-01

Discusses the history of educational planning and administration in Latin America. Describes a period of educational expansion and diversification after World War II and one of disillusionment during the economic crisis of the 1980s. Urges an thorough review of the traditional approaches of educational planning in Latin America and a search for…

Organizational Trust in Times of Challenge: The Impact on Faculty and Administrators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoppes, Cherron R.; Holley, Karri A.

2014-01-01

Higher education institutions have faced increased social, cultural, economic, and political challenges in recent decades. In this study we used the socio-cultural construct of trust to understand how organizational responses to external challenges impact the relationship between faculty members and administrators. Using extensive interviews,…

7 CFR 4280.26 - Administration and operation of the Revolving Loan Fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... GRANTS Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant Programs § 4280.26 Administration and operation of the... Intermediary must permanently retain all Project review, approval, and monitoring authority and responsibility. This authority and responsibility cannot be delegated to any other person or entity. (b) Up to 10...

76 FR 81247 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Groundfish of the Gulf of Alaska; Amendment 88

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 679 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Groundfish of... Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Groundfish of the Gulf of Alaska; Amendment 88 AGENCY: National Marine... conservation, management, safety, and economic gains realized under the Central Gulf of Alaska Rockfish Pilot...

Effects of abacavir administration on structural and functional markers of platelet activation.

PubMed

Trevillyan, Janine M; Arthur, Jane F; Jing, Jing; Andrews, Robert K; Gardiner, Elizabeth E; Hoy, Jennifer F

2015-11-01

Current abacavir exposure has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Changes in platelet reactivity could plausibly explain the clinically observed pattern of association. To determine if platelet reactivity changed following abacavir exposure and whether this effect was reversible on cessation of the drug. In an open-label, interventional study abacavir, 600 mg daily, was added to a suppressive antiretroviral regimen in 20 adult HIV-positive men. Platelet function, estimated by the phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (P-VASP) assay and through measurement of the expression and shedding of platelet-specific receptors, was assessed at baseline, following 15 days of abacavir and at completion of a 28-day washout period. The VASP-index decreased significantly from 79.1% [interquartile range (IQR) 47.8-87.6] to 32.6% (IQR -11.5-51.0) following 15 days of abacavir administration (P = 0.010), and returned to baseline levels following the washout period (day 43 =76.3%; IQR 40.7-92.3). There was no change in resting (prostaglandin E1 alone) P-VASP but a slight increase in P-VASP within stimulated platelets (prostaglandin E1 and adenosine diphosphate). Integrin β3 levels decreased significantly [208.5 ng/ml (IQR 177.0-231.1) to 177.5 ng/ml (IQR 151.7-205) P < 0.001] and there was a nonsignificant trend towards decreased soluble glycoprotein VI levels [baseline; 72.5 ng/ml (95% CI 58.3-81.5) vs. day 15; 45.0 ng/ml (95% CI 33.0-98.2) P = 0.79]. Abacavir led to reversible changes in platelet function and structure. The clinical implications of these changes are uncertain; they may represent negative feedback mechanisms in response to an abacavir-associated prothrombotic state.

47 CFR 52.13 - North American Numbering Plan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) shall be an independent and impartial non-government... section. It shall assign and administer NANP resources in an efficient, effective, fair, unbiased, and non... additional functions, including but not limited to: (1) Ensuring the efficient and effective administration...

47 CFR 52.13 - North American Numbering Plan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) shall be an independent and impartial non-government... section. It shall assign and administer NANP resources in an efficient, effective, fair, unbiased, and non... additional functions, including but not limited to: (1) Ensuring the efficient and effective administration...

47 CFR 52.13 - North American Numbering Plan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) shall be an independent and impartial non-government... section. It shall assign and administer NANP resources in an efficient, effective, fair, unbiased, and non... additional functions, including but not limited to: (1) Ensuring the efficient and effective administration...

47 CFR 52.13 - North American Numbering Plan Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) shall be an independent and impartial non-government... section. It shall assign and administer NANP resources in an efficient, effective, fair, unbiased, and non... additional functions, including but not limited to: (1) Ensuring the efficient and effective administration...

An economic approach to environmental indices

EPA Science Inventory

This study uses the directional output distance function from economic productivity theory as an alternative approach to environmental index construction. We use the directional output distance function to aggregate multiple environmental objectives into one measure of environme...

Behavioral economic analysis of withdrawal- and cue-elicited craving for tobacco: an initial investigation.

PubMed

MacKillop, James; Brown, Courtney L; Stojek, Monika K; Murphy, Cara M; Sweet, Lawrence; Niaura, Ray S

2012-12-01

The role of craving in nicotine dependence remains controversial and may be a function of measurement challenges. The current study used behavioral economic approach to test the hypotheses that subjective craving from acute withdrawal and exposure to tobacco cues dynamically increases the relative value of cigarettes. Using a 2 (1-hr/12-hr deprivation) × 2 (neutral/tobacco cues) within-subjects design, 33 nicotine dependent adults completed 2 laboratory sessions. Assessment included subjective craving and behavioral economic indices of cigarette demand, namely Intensity (i.e., cigarette consumption at zero cost), O(max) (i.e., maximum total expenditure), Breakpoint (i.e., highest acceptable price for cigarettes), P(max) (i.e., price at which consumption becomes sensitive to price), and elasticity (i.e., price sensitivity). Behavioral economic indices were generated using a Cigarette Purchase Task in which participants selected between cigarettes for a subsequent 2-hr self-administration period and money. Main effects of deprivation and tobacco cues were present for subjective craving and multiple behavioral economic indices of cigarette demand. Interestingly, deprivation significantly increased Breakpoint (p ≤ .01) and P(max) (p ≤ .05) and had trend-level effects on Intensity and O(max) (p ≤ .10); whereas cues significantly reduced elasticity (p ≤ .01), reflecting lower sensitivity to increasing prices. Heterogeneous associations were evident among the motivational variables but with aggregations suggesting variably overlapping motivational channels. These findings further support a behavioral economic approach to craving and a multidimensional conception of acute motivation for addictive drugs. Methodological considerations, including potential order effects, and the need for further refinement of these findings are discussed.

On predicting future economic losses from tropical cyclones: Comparing damage functions for the Eastern USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geiger, Tobias; Levermann, Anders; Frieler, Katja

2015-04-01

Recent years have seen an intense scientific debate of what to expect from future tropical cyclone activity under climate change [1,2]. Besides the projection of cyclones' genesis points and trajectories it is the cyclone's impact on future societies that needs to be quantified. In our present work, where we focus on the Eastern USA, we start out with a comprehensive comparison of a variety of presently available and novel functional relationships that are used to link cyclones' physical properties with their damage caused on the ground. These so-called damage functions make use of high quality data sets consisting of gridded population data, exposed capital at risk, and information on the cyclone's extension and its translational and locally resolved maximum wind speed. Based on a cross-validation ansatz we train a multitude of damage functions on a large variety of data sets in order to evaluate their performance on an equally sized test sample. Although different damage analyses have been conducted in the literature [3,4,5,6], the efforts have so far primarily been focused on determining fit parameters for individual data sets. As our analysis consists of a wide range of damage functions implemented on identical data sets, we can rigorously evaluate which (type of) damage function (for which set of parameters) does best in reproducing damages and should therefore be used for future loss analysis with highest certainty. We find that the benefits of using locally resolved data input tend to be outweighed by the large uncertainties that accompany the data. More coarse and generalized data input therefore captures the diversity of cyclonic features better. Furthermore, our analysis shows that a non-linear relation between wind speed and damage outperforms the linear as well as the exponential relationship discussed in the literature. In a second step, the damage function with the highest predictive quality is implemented to predict potential future cyclone losses

Basic Economic Principles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tideman, T. N.

1972-01-01

An economic approach to design efficient transportation systems involves maximizing an objective function that reflects both goals and costs. A demand curve can be derived by finding the quantities of a good that solve the maximization problem as one varies the price of that commodity, holding income and the prices of all other goods constant. A supply curve is derived by applying the idea of profit maximization of firms. The production function determines the relationship between input and output.

Wildfire, timber salvage, and the economics of expediency

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; David N. Wear; Fred J. Stewart; Thomas P. Holmes

2006-01-01

Administrative planning rules and legal challenges can have significant economic impacts on timber salvage programs on public lands. This paper examines the costs of the delay in salvage caused by planning rules and the costs associated with the volume reductions forced by legal challenges in one case study. The fires on the Bitterroot National Forest in the northern...

14 CFR 294.33 - Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Federal Aviation Administration. 294.33 Section 294.33 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CANADIAN CHARTER AIR TAXI OPERATORS General Rules for Registrants § 294.33 Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation...

14 CFR 294.33 - Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Federal Aviation Administration. 294.33 Section 294.33 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CANADIAN CHARTER AIR TAXI OPERATORS General Rules for Registrants § 294.33 Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation...

14 CFR 294.33 - Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Federal Aviation Administration. 294.33 Section 294.33 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CANADIAN CHARTER AIR TAXI OPERATORS General Rules for Registrants § 294.33 Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation...

14 CFR 294.33 - Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Federal Aviation Administration. 294.33 Section 294.33 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CANADIAN CHARTER AIR TAXI OPERATORS General Rules for Registrants § 294.33 Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation...

14 CFR 294.33 - Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Federal Aviation Administration. 294.33 Section 294.33 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS CANADIAN CHARTER AIR TAXI OPERATORS General Rules for Registrants § 294.33 Compliance with the regulations of the Federal Aviation...

Low-Earth orbit satellite servicing economics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, R. F.; Cepollina, F. J.

1982-01-01

Servicing economics of low Earth orbit satellites were studied. The following topics are examined: the economic importance of the repair missions; comparison of mission cost as opposed to satellite modulation transfer functions over a 10 year period; the effect of satellite flight rate change due to changes in satellite failure rate; estimated satellite cost reduction with shuttle operation projects from the 1960's to the 1970's; design objectives of the multimission modular spacecraft; and the economic importance of the repair mission.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s Two Administrations: Successes and Failures of Domestic and Security Policies

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

administrations, Abe’s unrivaled political performance within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), the weakness of opposition parties, and an economic...political success and failure, domestic policy, security policy, pragmatism, political environment, normalization, Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 15...level, political influence from former administrations, Abe’s unrivaled political performance within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), the weakness

Can administrative claim file review be used to gather physical therapy, occupational therapy, and psychology payment data and functional independence measure scores? Implications for rehabilitation providers in the private health sector.

PubMed

Riis, Viivi; Jaglal, Susan; Boschen, Kathryn; Walker, Jan; Verrier, Molly

2011-01-01

Rehabilitation costs for spinal-cord injury (SCI) are increasingly borne by Canada's private health system. Because of poor outcomes, payers are questioning the value of their expenditures, but there is a paucity of data informing analysis of rehabilitation costs and outcomes. This study evaluated the feasibility of using administrative claim file review to extract rehabilitation payment data and functional status for a sample of persons with work-related SCI. Researchers reviewed 28 administrative e-claim files for persons who sustained a work-related SCI between 1996 and 2000. Payment data were extracted for physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and psychology services. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were targeted as a surrogate measure for functional outcome. Feasibility was tested using an existing approach for evaluating health services data. The process of administrative e-claim file review was not practical for extraction of the targeted data. While administrative claim files contain some rehabilitation payment and outcome data, in their present form the data are not suitable to inform rehabilitation services research. A new strategy to standardize collection, recording, and sharing of data in the rehabilitation industry should be explored as a means of promoting best practices.

Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-04

34Uruguay: Partido Colorado apoyó a Lacalle para segunda vuelta electoral," Agence France Presse, October 28, 2009. “Uruguay: Partido Independiente neutral...and economic posts in the administration are expected to be filled by leaders associated with Astori’s more centrist faction of the FA, the Líber

An Analysis of energy consumption and economic growth of Cobb-Douglas production function based on ECM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Wei-wei

2018-02-01

Energy is one of the important factors affecting economic growth, the motive force of the economic development of countries in the world, essential for the world economic development and people’s living material resources, an important resource of the relationship between the national economies. The paper sums up the evaluation and literatures on energy consumption and economic growth at home and abroad, thinks “southern talk” as the energy consumption and economic growth in the time division, makes a series of empirical tests on the relationship between total energy consumption and economic growth in China from 1978 to 1991 and from 1992 to 2016.The results show that total energy consumption is a one-way causal relationship between economic growths in china, Economic growth has a strong dependence on energy, there is a co-integration relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. However, economic growth depends on the energy consumption decreased year by year in China, The way of economic growth is changing from the extensive economic growth mode to intensive mode of economic growth.

Experimental Economics for Teaching the Functioning of Electricity Markets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guevara-Cedeno, J. Y.; Palma-Behnke, R.; Uribe, R.

2012-01-01

In the field of electricity markets, the development of training tools for engineers has been extremely useful. A novel experimental economics approach based on a computational Web platform of an electricity market is proposed here for the practical teaching of electrical engineering students. The approach is designed to diminish the gap that…

MRI with intrathecal MRI gadolinium contrast medium administration: a possible method to assess glymphatic function in human brain.

PubMed

Eide, Per Kristian; Ringstad, Geir

2015-11-01

Recently, the "glymphatic system" of the brain has been discovered in rodents, which is a paravascular, transparenchymal route for clearance of excess brain metabolites and distribution of compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has already been demonstrated that intrathecally administered gadolinium (Gd) contrast medium distributes along this route in rats, but so far not in humans. A 27-year-old woman underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intrathecal administration of gadobutrol, which distributed throughout her entire brain after 1 and 4.5 h. MRI with intrathecal Gd may become a tool to study glymphatic function in the human brain.

MRI with intrathecal MRI gadolinium contrast medium administration: a possible method to assess glymphatic function in human brain

PubMed Central

Ringstad, Geir

2015-01-01

Recently, the “glymphatic system” of the brain has been discovered in rodents, which is a paravascular, transparenchymal route for clearance of excess brain metabolites and distribution of compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has already been demonstrated that intrathecally administered gadolinium (Gd) contrast medium distributes along this route in rats, but so far not in humans. A 27-year-old woman underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intrathecal administration of gadobutrol, which distributed throughout her entire brain after 1 and 4.5 h. MRI with intrathecal Gd may become a tool to study glymphatic function in the human brain. PMID:26634147

Scientific and administrative activities at the Lunar Science Institute

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The scientific and administrative activities of the Lunar Science Institute during the period 15 July through 31 December 1973 are reported. The subjects discussed are: (1) contributions of the organization, (2) organization of the staff, (3) administration functions, and (4) scientific and professional meetings held at the institute.

13 CFR 123.301 - When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? 123.301 Section 123.301 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.301 When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? Your business is not...

13 CFR 123.301 - When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? 123.301 Section 123.301 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.301 When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? Your business is not...

13 CFR 123.301 - When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? 123.301 Section 123.301 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.301 When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? Your business is not...

13 CFR 123.301 - When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? 123.301 Section 123.301 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.301 When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? Your business is not...

13 CFR 123.301 - When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? 123.301 Section 123.301 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Economic Injury Disaster Loans § 123.301 When would my business not be eligible to apply for an economic injury disaster loan? Your business is not...

Inservice for Occupational and Consumer and Home Economics Instructors: Community College Home Economics Regional Workshops (California, May 26, 1986-February 28, 1987).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mount San Antonio Community Coll. District, Walnut, CA.

During fall 1986, a series of seven regional workshops were conducted for community college full- and part-time occupational and consumer and home economics instructors in California. The workshops were attended by a total of 319 instructors, 36 students, and 30 to 40 host college administrators and students. The workshops were designed to expand…

From Compassionate Conservatism to Obamacare: Funding for the Ryan White Program During the Obama Administration.

PubMed

Hatcher, William; Pund, Britten; Khatiashvili, Giorgi

2016-11-01

To examine President Obama's fiscal commitment to the Ryan White Program (formerly Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act), which provides funding for economically disadvantaged people and families affected by HIV. We analyzed budgetary request and congressional appropriation data from 2009 to 2016. The data are available from the Health Resources and Services Administration and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Increased coverage for people living with HIV/AIDS provided by the Affordable Care Act most likely led the Obama administration to request small increases and at times decreases in funding for the Ryan White Program. Congress passed either small increases or decreases in appropriations for the Ryan White Program. Decreases or small increases in the Ryan White Program funding risk progress made in treating HIV among economically disadvantaged patients.

Forecasted economic change and the self-fulfilling prophecy in economic decision-making

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

This study addresses the self-fulfilling prophecy effect, in the domain of economic decision-making. We present experimental data in support of the hypothesis that speculative forecasts of economic change can impact individuals’ economic decision behavior, prior to any realized changes. In a within-subjects experiment, participants (N = 40) played 180 trials in a Balloon Analogue Risk Talk (BART) in which they could make actual profit. Simple messages about possible (positive and negative) changes in outcome probabilities of future trials had significant effects on measures of risk taking (number of inflations) and actual profits in the game. These effects were enduring, even though no systematic changes in actual outcome probabilities took place following any of the messages. Risk taking also found to be reflected in reaction times revealing increasing reaction times with riskier decisions. Positive and negative economic forecasts affected reaction times slopes differently, with negative forecasts resulting in increased reaction time slopes as a function of risk. These findings suggest that forecasted positive or negative economic change can bias people’s mental model of the economy and reduce or stimulate risk taking. Possible implications for media-fulfilling prophecies in the domain of the economy are considered. PMID:28334031

20 CFR 422.1 - Organization and functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

....1 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES Organization and Functions of the Social Security Administration § 422.1 Organization and functions. (a) General. A complete description of the organization and functions of the Social Security Administration (pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552...

20 CFR 422.1 - Organization and functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

....1 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES Organization and Functions of the Social Security Administration § 422.1 Organization and functions. (a) General. A complete description of the organization and functions of the Social Security Administration (pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552...

Management of corporate socio-economic policy by the energy corporations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simpson, R.E. Jr.

1982-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the energy corporations in the mitigation of the socio-economic impacts of rapid development. The study employed an exploratory descriptive research design. The sample was limited to an in-depth study of the socio-economic managerial processes at the Standard Oil Company (Indiana) and the Standard Oil Company of California, two of the nation's largest and wealthiest energy corporations. Findings demonstrated that division managers believe that socio-economic expenses are a normal cost of doing business and can, in fact, lead to cost savings for the corporation. The study confirmed other research findingsmore » that corporate executive management has a further role to play in the design of administrative systems that govern the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of socio-economic policy. The study recommended the development of specific centralized corporate socio-economic policies for energy-impact development, decentralization of policy implementation, integration of trained socio-economic project managers into the formal authority hierarchy, inclusion of specific socio-economic criterion in the formal performance-evaluation system, incorporation of socio-economic expenses into the operating budget format, and the development of a formal corporate-level socio-economic policy-evaluation committee.« less

The economic burden of caregiving on families of children and adolescents with cancer: a population-based assessment.

PubMed

Pagano, Eva; Baldi, Ileana; Mosso, Maria Luisa; di Montezemolo, Luca Cordero; Fagioli, Franca; Pastore, Guido; Merletti, Franco

2014-06-01

Childhood cancer represents a relevant economic burden on families. The preferred tool to investigate family expenditure is the retrospective questionnaire, which is subject to recall errors and selection bias. Therefore, in the present study the economic burden of caregiving on families of children and adolescents (0-19 years of age) with cancer was analysed using administrative data as an alternative to retrospective questionnaires. Incident cases of cancer diagnosed in children and adolescents in 2000-2005 (N = 917) were identified from the Piedmont Childhood Cancer Registry and linked to available administrative databases to identify episodes of care during the 3 years after diagnosis (N = 13,433). The opportunity cost of informal caregiving was estimated as the value of the time spent by one of the parents, and was assumed to be equal to the number of days during which the child received inpatient care, day-care or outpatient radiotherapy. Factors affecting the level of economic burden of caregiving on families were analysed in a multivariable model. The economic burden of caregiving increased when care was supplied at the Regional Referral Centre, or when treatment complexity was high. Families with younger children had a higher level of economic burden of caregiving. Leukaemia required a higher family commitment than any other cancer considered. Estimates of the economic burden of caregiving on families of children and adolescents with cancer derived from administrative data should be considered a minimum burden. The estimated effect of the covariates is informative for healthcare decision-makers in planning support programmes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[Strategic planning: an important economic action for German hospitals].

PubMed

Wiese, Christoph H R; Zink, Wolfgang; Russo, Sebastian G

2011-11-01

In medical systems, economic issues and means of action are in the course of dwindling human (physicians and nurses) and financial resources are more important. For this reason, physicians must understand basic economic principles. Only in this way, there may be medical autonomy from social systems and hospital administrators. The current work is an approach to present a model for strategic planning of an anesthesia department. For this, a "strengths", "weaknesses", "opportunities", and "threats" (SWOT) analysis is used. This display is an example of an exemplary anaesthetic department. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.

Measuring Students' Self-Perceived Competence in Home Economics Core Areas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Frances M.

1990-01-01

Using the self-efficacy concept from Bandura's social learning theory, researchers developed an instrument to measure students' self-perceived competence in home economics core areas. Administration to all graduate students at a midwestern university during 1982-88 verified eight original competence areas and added a ninth. (SK)

East Europe Report, Economic and Industrial Affairs