Sample records for adriatic sea gulf

  1. Underwater noise assessment in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) using an MSFD approach.

    PubMed

    Codarin, Antonio; Picciulin, Marta

    2015-12-30

    In the marine environment, underwater noise is one of the most widespread input of man-made energy. Recently, the European Commission has stressed the necessity of establishing threshold levels as a target for the descriptor 11.2.1 "Continuous low frequency sounds" in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). In 2012, a monthly underwater noise monitoring programme was conducted in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy); the collected acoustic samples (frequency range: 10-20,000 Hz) were analysed in the 1/3 octave bands. The stations have been further clustered following the 63 and 125 Hz bands noise levels. Average SPL levels resulted similar to those previously computed for proximate areas, indicating that the Adriatic Sea sub-region experiences high noise pressure in the marine waters. In its turn this claims for a scientific and technical international cooperation, as requested by the EU programme. No seasonal variation in local noise levels has been found. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Carbon Dioxide Variability in the Gulf of Trieste (GOT) in the Northern Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Turk, D.; McGillis, W. R.; Malacic, V.; Degrandpre, M.

    2008-12-01

    Coastal marine regions such as the Gulf of Trieste GOT in the Northern Adriatic Sea serve as the link between carbon cycling on land and the ocean interior and potentially contribute large uncertainties in the estimate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake. This system may be either a sink or a source for atmospheric CO2. Understanding the sources and sinks as a result of biological and physical controls for air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes in coastal waters may substantially alter the current view of the global carbon budget for unique terrestrial and ocean regions such as the GOT. GOT is a semi-enclosed Mediterranean basin situated in the northern part of Adriatic Sea. It is one of the most productive regions in the Mediterranean and is affected by extreme fresh river input, phytoplankton blooms, and large changes of air-sea exchange during Bora high wind events. The unique combination of these environmental processes and relatively small size of the area makes the region an excellent study site for investigations of air-sea interaction, and changes in biology and carbon chemistry. However, there is a dearth of current data or information from the region. Here we present the first measurements of air and water CO2 flux in the GOT. The aqueous CO2 was measured at the Coastal Oceanographic buoy Piran, Slovenia using the SAMI CO2 sensor during spring and late summer and fall 2007. CO2 measurements were combined with hydrological and biological observations to evaluate the processes that control carbon cycling in the region.

  3. The role of forcing agents on biogeochemical variability along the southwestern Adriatic coast: The Gulf of Manfredonia case study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Specchiulli, Antonietta; Bignami, Francesco; Marini, Mauro; Fabbrocini, Adele; Scirocco, Tommaso; Campanelli, Alessandra; Penna, Pierluigi; Santucci, Angela; D'Adamo, Raffaele

    2016-12-01

    This study investigates how multiple forcing factors such as rivers, surface marine circulation and winds affect hydrology and biogeochemical processes in the Gulf of Manfredonia and the seas around the Gargano peninsula, in the south-western Adriatic Sea. The study adopted an integrated approach, using in situ and remote sensing data, as well as the output of current models. The data reveal variability in the area's hydrography induced by local freshwater sources, the Western Adriatic Current (WAC) flowing from the north along the Italian coast, and the current patterns under different wind regimes. Specifically, exchange with offshore waters in the gulf induces variability in salinity and biogeochemical content, even within the same season, i.e. winter, in our case. This strong dependence on physical and biogeochemical factors makes the Manfredonia-Gargano ecosystem vulnerable to climate change, which could compromise its important role as a nursery area for the Adriatic Sea.

  4. Unmixing the young fossil record using radiocarbon-calibrated amino-acid racemization (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tomašových, Adam; Gallmetzer, Ivo; Haselmair, Alex; Kaufman, Darrell S.; Vidović, Jelena; Zuschin, Martin

    2017-04-01

    Marine coastal habitats globally have been affected by eutrophication, hypoxia, habitat alteration, overfishing, and resource exploitation over recent decades. However, reconstruction of past natural ecosystem states is compromised by short-term archives and biotic surveys limited to the past decades and/or by low stratigraphic resolution of fossil assemblages in sedimentary cores due to slow sedimentation and bioturbation. In the northern Adriatic Sea, which was affected by eutrophication, algal blooms and mucilage blooms, and hypoxia during the second half of the 20th century, the composition of natural baseline states of benthic ecosystems and their responses to natural and anthropogenic disturbances over longer, centennial scales are poorly known. In this study, we evaluate the timing and forcing of past hypoxia events in the northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste) based on the production history of the opportunistic, hypoxia-tolerant bivalve Corbula gibba, using 210Pb data, radiocarbon dating, amino acid racemization, and distribution of foraminifers in 1.5-m-thick sediment cores that capture the past 500 yr. Corbula gibba tolerates eutrophied and polluted conditions and survives seasonal hypoxic and mass mortality events affecting most of the benthic macrofauna in the northern Adriatic Sea. In the aftermath of such events, it can achieve density of thousands of individuals/1 m2 and can contribute with more than 80% of individuals to the bivalve assemblage. Unmixing the stratigraphic record of cores on the basis of 311 shells of C. gibba, we show that production of this species underwent major decadal-scale fluctuations since the 18th century, with outbreaks corresponding to density of more than 1000 individuals per square meter. A positive correlation between abundances of hypoxia-tolerant foraminifers and C. gibba, the temporal coincidence between the peak in abundance at 1980 and several hypoxic crises in the Gulf of Trieste in 1974, 1980, and 1983, and the

  5. Phosphorus regeneration and burial in near-shore marine sediments (the Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ogrinc, N.; Faganeli, J.

    2006-05-01

    According to bioassay studies and high dissolved nutrient N/P ratios in the seawater column, phosphorus (P) is thought to control marine productivity in the northern Adriatic Sea. P in near-shore marine sediments of the Gulf of Trieste, the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea, was investigated using pore water P distributions, and benthic P flux studies under oxic and anoxic conditions. The data show that P regeneration is up to three-fold more extensive in sediments overlain by oxygen-depleted waters and proceeds in parallel with Fe and Mn enhanced benthic fluxes. It appears from the incubation experiments that degradation of sedimentary organic matter is the main contribution to the flux of P at the sediment-water interface, while the release of phosphate adsorbed on the iron oxide surface is of minor importance. It appears that about 50% of P in the Gulf of Trieste is retained within in the sediments, probably bonded to clay minerals and carbonate grains or precipitated as fluoroapatite. In these sediments total P (P tot) is preserved preferentially over organic C (C org). P regenerated from surficial sediments contributes about 1/3 of the P that is assimilated by benthic microalgae. The phytoplankton P requirement should be entirely supplied from fresh-water sources. These results suggest that oxygen depletion in coastal areas caused by eutrophication enhances P regeneration from sediments, providing the additional P necessary for increased biological productivity. The development of anoxic bottom waters in coastal areas enhances the recycling of P, exacerbating the nutrient requirement in the area. A geochemical record of P burial in a longer sedimentary sequence revealed an increasing trend of P tot and organic P (P org) contents occurring approximately 50 years BP (after 1950), probably due to increasing use of inorganic fertilizers and detergents in the area.

  6. Surface Lagrangian transport in the Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) from drifters, HF radar and models: implications for fishery and Marine Protected Areas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Griffa, Annalisa; Carlson, Daniel; Berta, Maristella; Sciascia, Roberta; Corgnati, Lorenzo; Mantovani, Carlo; Fredji, Erick; Magaldi, Marcello; Zambianchi, Enrico; Poulain, Pierre Marie; Russo, Aniello; Carniel, Sandro

    2017-04-01

    Surface transport in the Adriatic Sea is investigated using data from historic drifter data, HF radar and virtual particles computed from a numerical model. Alongshore coastal currents and cyclonic gyres are the primary circulation features that connect regions in the Adriatic Sea. Their strength is highly dependent on the wind, with Southeasterly Sirocco winds driving eastward cross-Adriatic transport from the Italian coasts and Northwesterly Mistral winds enhancing east-to-west transport. Results from the analysis show that Cross-Adriatic connection percentages were higher for east-to-west transport, with westward (eastward) transport observed mostly in the northern (southern) arms of the central and southern gyres. These pathways of patterns influence the connection between Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and between spawning and nursery areas for small pelagic fish. Percentage connections between MPAs are computed, showing that while the highest percentages occur through boundary currents, significant percentages also occur through cross-gyre transport, suggesting the concept of cell-based ecosystems. The nursery area of the Manfredonia Gulf has limited retention properties, and eggs and larvae are likely to reach the Gulf mostly from remote spawning areas through current transport

  7. The Adriatic Sea: A Long-Standing Laboratory for Sea Level Studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vilibić, Ivica; Šepić, Jadranka; Pasarić, Mira; Orlić, Mirko

    2017-10-01

    The paper provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of Adriatic Sea level research covered by the literature. It discusses changes occurring over millennial timescales and documented by a variety of natural and man-made proxies and post-glacial rebound models; mean sea level changes occurring over centennial to annual timescales and measured by modern instruments; and daily and higher-frequency changes (with periods ranging from minutes to a day) that are contributing to sea level extremes and are relevant for present-day flooding of coastal areas. Special tribute is paid to the historic sea level studies that shaped modern sea level research in the Adriatic, followed by a discussion of existing in situ and remote sensing observing systems operating in the Adriatic area, operational forecasting systems for Adriatic storm surges, as well as warning systems for tsunamis and meteotsunamis. Projections and predictions of sea level and related hazards are also included in the review. Based on this review, open issues and research gaps in the Adriatic Sea level studies are identified, as well as the additional research efforts needed to fill the gaps. The Adriatic Sea, thus, remains a laboratory for coastal sea level studies for semi-enclosed, coastal and marginal seas in the world ocean.

  8. Burried MIS 5 abrasion platforms in the Bay of Koper (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic) confirm long-term subsidence of the Northern Adriatic region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Trobec, Ana; Šmuc, Andrej; Poglajen, Sašo; Vrabec, Marko

    2016-04-01

    The youngest seafloor sediments of the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic) are represented by an up to several 100 meters thick succession of Pliocene to Quaternary continental and shallow-marine deposits recording numerous transgressive-regressive cycles. These sediments are separated from older lithologies (mainly Eocene flysch) by an erosional unconformity. Previous geophysical campaigns conducted in the Italian part of the Gulf of Trieste revealed a complex undulating morphology of the unconformity characterised by numerous morphological steps in the flysch appearing between 40 and 200 m below sea level. From correlation with onshore well data from the Friuli and Veneto area it is assumed that the highest system of these unconformities located at approximately 40 mbsl represents a marine abrasion platform formed during the MIS 5 period sea-level highstand. We present the first observations of these abrasion platforms in the Bay of Koper in the southern (Slovenian) part of the Gulf of Trieste. A series of perpendicular sub-bottom sonar profiles with a spacing of 250-500 meters was acquired in the Bay of Koper between 2009 and 2012 with the Innomar parametric sediment echo sounder SES-2000. Along the northern coast of the bay several acoustic facies were resolved, including the top erosional unconformity surface of the flysch. On this surface we located platforms at 35 ms (platform A), 40 ms (platform B) and 50 ms (platform C) of two-way-travel time. The top of abrasion platform B coincides with the top of a sediment progradational wedge which overlies abrasion platform C. No progradational wedge is developed at the top of platform A. Due to signal attenuation and multiples sub-bottom profiles could not be interpreted below 53 ms TWT time. We used a sound velocity of 1650 m/s for the time to depth conversion, which places the platforms at the depth of 28, 33 and 41 mbsl, respectively. Assuming that the abrasion platforms are a remnant of the MIS 5 highstand, this

  9. Carbonate chemistry dynamics and biological processes along a river-sea gradient (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ingrosso, Gianmarco; Giani, Michele; Cibic, Tamara; Karuza, Ana; Kralj, Martina; Del Negro, Paola

    2016-03-01

    In this paper we investigated, for two years and with a bi-monthly frequency, how physical, chemical, and biological processes affect the marine carbonate system in a coastal area characterized by high alkalinity riverine discharge (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea). By combining synoptic measurements of the carbonate system with in situ determinations of the primary production (14C incorporation technique) and secondary prokaryotic carbon production (3H-leucine incorporation) along a river-sea gradient, we showed that the conservative mixing between river endmember and off-shore waters was the main driver of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) distribution and seasonal variation. However, during spring and summer seasons also the influence of biological uptake and release of DIC was significant. In the surface water of June 2012, the spreading and persistence of nutrient-rich freshwater stimulated the primary production (3.21 μg C L- 1 h- 1) and net biological DIC decrease (- 100 μmol kg- 1), reducing the dissolved CO2 concentration and increasing the pHT. Below the pycnocline of August 2012, instead, an elevated bacterial carbon production rate (0.92 μg C L- 1 h- 1) was related with net DIC increase (92 μmol kg- 1), low dissolved oxygen concentration, and strong pHT reduction, suggesting the predominance of bacterial heterotrophic respiration over primary production. The flux of carbon dioxide estimated at the air-sea interface exerted a low influence on the seasonal variation of the carbonate system. A complex temporal and spatial dynamic of the air-sea CO2 exchange was also detected, due to the combined effects of seawater temperature, river discharge, and water circulation. On annual scale the system was a sink of atmospheric CO2. However, in summer and during elevated riverine discharges, the area close to the river's mouth acted as a source of carbon dioxide. Also the wind speed was crucial in controlling the air-sea CO2

  10. The effect of lagoons on Adriatic Sea tidal dynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ferrarin, Christian; Maicu, Francesco; Umgiesser, Georg

    2017-11-01

    In this study the effects that lagoons exert on the barotropic tidal dynamics of a regional sea, the Adriatic Sea, were numerically explored. This semi-enclosed basin is one of the places with the highest tidal range in the Mediterranean Sea and is characterised by the presence of several lagoons in its northern part. The tidal dynamics of a system comprising the whole Adriatic Sea and the lagoons of Venice, Marano-Grado and Po Delta were investigated using an unstructured hydrodynamic model. Numerical experiments with and without lagoons reveal that even if the considered shallow water bodies represent only the 0.5 and 0.002% of the Adriatic Sea surface and volume, respectively, they significantly affect the entire Northern Adriatic Sea tidal dynamics by enhancing tidal range (by 5%) and currents (by 10%). The inclusion of lagoons in the computation improved the model performance by 25% in reproducing tidal constituents in the Adriatic Sea. The back-effect of the lagoons on the open-sea tide is due to the waves radiating from the co-oscillating lagoons into the adjacent sea. This is the first time these processes are shown to be relevant for the Adriatic Sea, thus enhancing the understanding of the tidal dynamics in this regional sea. These findings may also apply to other coastal seas with connections to lagoons, bays and estuaries.

  11. On the analysis of an extreme Bora wind event over the northern Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Colucci, R. R.; Pucillo, A.

    2010-09-01

    On 10th March 2010 a severe Bora wind event affected the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, northeastern Italy, in particular the gulf of Trieste area (northern Adriatic Sea). Such event has been driven by a widespread westward moving cold pool aloft, coming from the Western Asia, that brought an intense potential vorticity anomaly over the western Mediterranean Sea. It determined a deep cyclogenesis involving all the troposphere. The pressure gradient force in the lowest layers forced a northeastern wind to blow with noticeable strength over the gulf of Trieste area and the Karstic region. The mean ground wind velocity has reached values above 27 m/s (about 100 km/h) for several hours, and maximum gusts exceeded 42 m/s (about 150 km/h) over Trieste town. The northeastern sector of the Adriatic Sea is frequently affected by strong Bora events in particular during the winter semester. This is a characteristic local wind mostly influenced by the orography of the Karstic relieves to the east of Trieste town. The target of this work is to assess the climatological relevance of such an event by comparing it with the most representative events of the past. It has been possible thanks to the long term archive of meteorological observations in Trieste site (I.R. Accademia di Commercio e Nautica, Regio Comitato Talassografico Italiano, Ministero dell'Agricoltura e Foreste, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche): we have found out that this is one of the ten strongest Bora event along the 1871-2010 period. Considerations about the trend and frequency of severe Bora events have been proposed.

  12. Double-diffusive layers in the Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carniel, Sandro; Sclavo, Mauro; Kantha, Lakshmi; Prandke, Hartmut

    2008-01-01

    A microstructure profiler was deployed to make turbulence measurements in the upper layers of the southern Adriatic Sea in the Mediterranean during the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) DART06A (Dynamics of the Adriatic in Real Time) winter cruise in March 2006. Measurements in the Po river plume along the Italian coast near the Gargano promontory displayed classic double-diffusive layers and staircase structures resulting from the relatively colder and fresher wintertime Po river outflow water masses overlying warmer and more saline water masses from the Adriatic Sea. We report here on the water mass and turbulence structure measurements made both in the double-diffusive interfaces and the adjoining mixed layers in the water columns undergoing double-diffusive convection (DDC). This dataset augments the relatively sparse observations available hitherto on the diffusive layer type of DDC. Measured turbulence diffusivities are consistent with those from earlier theoretical and experimental formulations, suggesting that the wintertime Po river plume is a convenient and easily accessible place to study double diffusive convective processes of importance to mixing in the interior of many regions of the global oceans.

  13. Multi-objective spatial tools to inform maritime spatial planning in the Adriatic Sea.

    PubMed

    Depellegrin, Daniel; Menegon, Stefano; Farella, Giulio; Ghezzo, Michol; Gissi, Elena; Sarretta, Alessandro; Venier, Chiara; Barbanti, Andrea

    2017-12-31

    This research presents a set of multi-objective spatial tools for sea planning and environmental management in the Adriatic Sea Basin. The tools address four objectives: 1) assessment of cumulative impacts from anthropogenic sea uses on environmental components of marine areas; 2) analysis of sea use conflicts; 3) 3-D hydrodynamic modelling of nutrient dispersion (nitrogen and phosphorus) from riverine sources in the Adriatic Sea Basin and 4) marine ecosystem services capacity assessment from seabed habitats based on an ES matrix approach. Geospatial modelling results were illustrated, analysed and compared on country level and for three biogeographic subdivisions, Northern-Central-Southern Adriatic Sea. The paper discusses model results for their spatial implications, relevance for sea planning, limitations and concludes with an outlook towards the need for more integrated, multi-functional tools development for sea planning. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  14. Airborne Hyperspectral and Satellite Multispectral Imagery of the Mississippi Gulf Coast Region

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-12-01

    interest to NRLSSC include the Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi, Eastern Pacific, Arabian Sea , Persian Gulf, Mediterranean Sea , Adriatic Sea and many...suspended constituents in the sea (Roesler and Boss, 2002). Visible light wavelengths are very short as stated above. Suspended sediments range in...detection of underwater objects like mines. Suspended sediments are an environmental condition of interest. Remote sensors provide an opportunity

  15. Adriatic storm surges and related cross-basin sea-level slope

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Međugorac, Iva; Orlić, Mirko; Janeković, Ivica; Pasarić, Zoran; Pasarić, Miroslava

    2018-05-01

    Storm surges pose a severe threat to the northernmost cities of the Adriatic coast, with Venice being most prone to flooding. It has been noted that some flooding episodes cause significantly different effects along the eastern and western Adriatic coasts, with indications that the difference is related to cross-basin sea-level slope. The present study aims to determine specific atmospheric conditions under which the slope develops and to explore connection with increased sea level along the two coastlines. The analysis is based on sea-level time series recorded at Venice and Bakar over the 1984-2014 interval, from which 38 most intensive storm-surge episodes were selected, and their meteorological backgrounds (ERA-Interim) were studied. The obtained sea-level extremes were grouped into three categories according to their cross-basin sea-level slope: storm surges that slope strongly westward (W type), those that slope eastward (E type) and ordinary storm surges (O type). Results show that the slope is controlled by wind action only, specifically, by the wind component towards a particular coast and by the cross-basin shear of along-basin wind. Meteorological fields were used to force an oceanographic numerical model in order to confirm the empirically established connection between the atmospheric forcing and the slope. Finally, it has been found that the intensity of storm surges along a particular Adriatic coast is determined by an interplay of sea-level slopes in the along and cross-basin directions.

  16. Distribution and fate of legacy and emerging contaminants along the Adriatic Sea: A comparative study.

    PubMed

    Combi, Tatiane; Pintado-Herrera, Marina G; Lara-Martin, Pablo A; Miserocchi, Stefano; Langone, Leonardo; Guerra, Roberta

    2016-11-01

    The spatial distributions and fates of selected legacy and emerging compounds were investigated and compared in surface sediments sampled along the Adriatic mud-wedge and in deep-sea regions from the southern Adriatic basin. Results indicated that the concentrations of legacy contaminants (PAHs, PCBs and DDTs) and emerging contaminants (tonalide, galaxolide, EHMC, octocrylene, BP3 and NP) ranged from 0.1 to 572 ng g -1 and from Adriatic, highlighting the importance of the Po River as the major contributor for the inputs of legacy and emerging contaminants to sediments in the Adriatic Sea. Nevertheless, the prevalence of some UV filters and fragrances in the central and southern Adriatic indicates that the proximity to tourist areas and WWTPs discharges seems to affect the distribution of those compounds. The accumulation of contaminants in the deep-sea areas supports the inference that this region may act as an important repository for contaminants within the Adriatic Sea. Estimated annual contaminant accumulation reveals that both, legacy and emerging contaminants accumulate preferentially in the northern Adriatic (40-60% of the total annual contaminant accumulation), where the presence of legacy, and to a lesser extent emerging contaminants, are likely to pose an immediate or long-term hazard to resident biota. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Harris, C.K.; Sherwood, C.R.; Signell, R.P.; Bever, A.J.; Warner, J.C.

    2008-01-01

    Sediment dispersal in the Adriatic Sea was evaluated using coupled three-dimensional circulation and sediment transport models, representing conditions from autumn 2002 through spring 2003. The calculations accounted for fluvial sources, resuspension by waves and currents, and suspended transport. Sediment fluxes peaked during southwestward Bora wind conditions that produced energetic waves and strengthened the Western Adriatic Coastal Current. Transport along the western Adriatic continental shelf was nearly always to the south, except during brief periods when northward Sirocco winds reduced the coastal current. Much of the modeled fluvial sediment deposition was near river mouths, such as the Po subaqueous delta. Nearly all Po sediment remained in the northern Adriatic. Material from rivers that drain the Apennine Mountains traveled farther before deposition than Po sediment, because it was modeled with a lower settling velocity. Fluvial sediment delivered to areas with high average bed shear stress was more highly dispersed than material delivered to more quiescent areas. Modeled depositional patterns were similar to observed patterns that have developed over longer timescales. Specifically, modeled Po sediment accumulation was thickest near the river mouth with a very thin deposit extending to the northeast, consistent with patterns of modern sediment texture in the northern Adriatic. Sediment resuspended from the bed and delivered by Apennine Rivers was preferentially deposited on the northern side of the Gargano Peninsula, in the location of thick Holocene accumulation. Deposition here was highest during Bora winds when convergences in current velocities and off-shelf flux enhanced delivery of material to the midshelf. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.

  18. Coccolithophore diversity and dynamics at a coastal site in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cerino, Federica; Malinverno, Elisa; Fornasaro, Daniela; Kralj, Martina; Cabrini, Marina

    2017-09-01

    Two years-data (May 2011-February 2013) obtained from a monthly sampling carried out at the coastal long term Ecological Research station C1-LTER in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) were analysed to describe the seasonal dynamics and diversity of coccolithophore assemblages and to assess their relationship with environmental forcing. Coccolithophores represented 10.7% of the total Utermöhl phytoplankton that were mainly dominated by small (<10 μm) flagellates and diatoms (62.2% and 24.8% of total abundances, respectively). Coccolithophore abundances obtained by polarized light microscopy analysis ranged from 0.2 to 35.3 · 104 coccospheres L-1 with a mean value of 5.2 · 104 coccospheres L-1. A marked seasonal pattern was observed with a main peak in December-February (2.5-31.5 · 104 coccospheres L-1), in correspondence of the winter mixing, mainly due to Emiliania huxleyi, and a secondary peak in May-June (0.7-15.0 · 104 coccospheres L-1), coinciding with the increase of the light intensity and the beginning of the seasonal stratification, dominated by holococcolithophores and small Syracosphaera species. The most abundant taxa were E. huxleyi and holococcolithophores, followed by Acanthoica quattrospina, Syracosphaera species and other minor species. Statistical analyses recognized four distinct groups, corresponding to seasonal variations of environmental conditions. Considering the two years, some species displayed a recurrent seasonal pattern highlighting possible species-specific ecological requirements, while others showed an interannual variability probably due to local factors.

  19. Intense air-sea exchanges and heavy orographic precipitation over Italy: The role of Adriatic sea surface temperature uncertainty

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stocchi, Paolo; Davolio, Silvio

    2017-11-01

    Strong and persistent low-level winds blowing over the Adriatic basin are often associated with intense precipitation events over Italy. Typically, in case of moist southeasterly wind (Sirocco), rainfall affects northeastern Italy and the Alpine chain, while with cold northeasterly currents (Bora) precipitations are localized along the eastern slopes of the Apennines and central Italy coastal areas. These events are favoured by intense air-sea interactions and it is reasonable to hypothesize that the Adriatic sea surface temperature (SST) can affect the amount and location of precipitation. High-resolution simulations of different Bora and Sirocco events leading to severe precipitation are performed using a convection-permitting model (MOLOCH). Sensitivity experiments varying the SST initialization field are performed with the aim of evaluating the impact of SST uncertainty on precipitation forecasts, which is a relevant topic for operational weather predictions, especially at local scales. Moreover, diagnostic tools to compute water vapour fluxes across the Italian coast and atmospheric water budget over the Adriatic Sea have been developed and applied in order to characterize the air mass that feeds the precipitating systems. Finally, the investigation of the processes through which the SST influences location and intensity of heavy precipitation allows to gain a better understanding on mechanisms conducive to severe weather in the Mediterranean area and in the Adriatic basin in particular. Results show that the effect of the Adriatic SST (uncertainty) on precipitation is complex and can vary considerably among different events. For both Bora and Sirocco events, SST does not influence markedly the atmospheric water budget or the degree of moistening of air that flows over the Adriatic Sea. SST mainly affects the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer, thus influencing the flow dynamics and the orographic flow regime, and in turn, the precipitation pattern.

  20. Sediment dynamics in the Adriatic Sea investigated with coupled models

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sherwood, Christopher R.; Book, Jeffrey W.; Carniel, Sandro; Cavaleri, Luigi; Chiggiato, Jacopo; Das, Himangshu; Doyle, James D.; Harris, Courtney K.; Niedoroda, Alan W.; Perkins, Henry; Poulain, Pierre-Marie; Pullen, Julie; Reed, Christopher W.; Russo, Aniello; Sclavo, Mauro; Signell, Richard P.; Traykovski, Peter A.; Warner, John C.

    2004-01-01

    Several large research programs focused on the Adriatic Sea in winter 2002-2003, making it an exciting place for sediment dynamics modelers (Figure 1). Investigations of atmospheric forcing and oceanic response (including wave generation and propagation, water-mass formation, stratification, and circulation), suspended material, bottom boundary layer dynamics, bottom sediment, and small-scale stratigraphy were performed by European and North American researchers participating in several projects. The goal of EuroSTRATAFORM researchers is to improve our ability to understand and simulate the physical processes that deliver sediment to the marine environment and generate stratigraphic signatures. Scientists involved in the Po and Apennine Sediment Transport and Accumulation (PASTA) experiment benefited from other major research programs including ACE (Adriatic Circulation Experiment), DOLCE VITA (Dynamics of Localized Currents and Eddy Variability in the Adriatic), EACE (the Croatian East Adriatic Circulation Experiment project), WISE (West Istria Experiment), and ADRICOSM (Italian nowcasting and forecasting) studies.

  1. Bioaccumulation of arsenic species in rays from the northern Adriatic Sea.

    PubMed

    Šlejkovec, Zdenka; Stajnko, Anja; Falnoga, Ingrid; Lipej, Lovrenc; Mazej, Darja; Horvat, Milena; Faganeli, Jadran

    2014-12-01

    The difference in arsenic concentration and speciation between benthic (Pteromylaeus bovinus, Myliobatis aquila) and pelagic rays (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste) in relation to their size (age) was investigated. High arsenic concentrations were found in both groups with tendency of more efficient arsenic accumulation in benthic species, particularly in muscle (32.4 to 362 µg·g-1 of total arsenic). This was attributed to species differences in arsenic access, uptake and retention. In liver most arsenic was present in a form of arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid and arsenoipids, whereas in muscle mainly arsenobetaine was found. The good correlations between total arsenic/arsenobetaine and size reflect the importance of accumulation of arsenobetaine with age. Arsenobetaine is an analogue of glycine betaine, a known osmoregulator in marine animals and both are very abundant in mussels, representing an important source of food for benthic species P. bovinus and M. aquila.

  2. Bioaccumulation of Arsenic Species in Rays from the Northern Adriatic Sea

    PubMed Central

    Šlejkovec, Zdenka; Stajnko, Anja; Falnoga, Ingrid; Lipej, Lovrenc; Mazej, Darja; Horvat, Milena; Faganeli, Jadran

    2014-01-01

    The difference in arsenic concentration and speciation between benthic (Pteromylaeus bovinus, Myliobatis aquila) and pelagic rays (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste) in relation to their size (age) was investigated. High arsenic concentrations were found in both groups with tendency of more efficient arsenic accumulation in benthic species, particularly in muscle (32.4 to 362 µg·g−1 of total arsenic). This was attributed to species differences in arsenic access, uptake and retention. In liver most arsenic was present in a form of arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid and arsenoipids, whereas in muscle mainly arsenobetaine was found. The good correlations between total arsenic/arsenobetaine and size reflect the importance of accumulation of arsenobetaine with age. Arsenobetaine is an analogue of glycine betaine, a known osmoregulator in marine animals and both are very abundant in mussels, representing an important source of food for benthic species P. bovinus and M. aquila. PMID:25470025

  3. Seasonal changes in technological and nutritional quality of Mytilus galloprovincialis from suspended culture in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic Sea).

    PubMed

    Bongiorno, Tiziana; Iacumin, Lucilla; Tubaro, Franco; Marcuzzo, Eva; Sensidoni, Alessandro; Tulli, Francesca

    2015-04-15

    Nutritional quality parameters, microbiological and technological quality indicators (condition index, meat yield and water-holding capacity) of blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, reared in the North Adriatic Sea were characterised at monthly intervals over a 1 year period. Contents of protein (7.5-11.6 g/100 g), lipid (1.0-2.2 g/100 g) and ash (2.2-3.3 g/100 g) varied significantly accordingly to condition index (6-15%). n-3 PUFAs were the predominant fatty acids (38.7-45.9% of fatty acids) and docosahesaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were the most abundant (167 and 93.3 mg/100 g, respectively). Glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids accounted for 40% of total amino acids. All samples exhibited limited concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn, as well as Na. M. galloprovincialis from the North Adriatic Sea showed the highest technological and nutritional quality, considering also the inter-annual variability, in late spring, which corresponds to the period immediately before gamete release. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Modeling the influence of climate change on the mass balance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Adriatic Sea.

    PubMed

    Lamon, Lara; MacLeod, Matthew; Marcomini, Antonio; Hungerbühler, Konrad

    2012-05-01

    Climate forcing is forecasted to influence the Adriatic Sea region in a variety of ways, including increasing temperature, and affecting wind speeds, marine currents, precipitation and water salinity. The Adriatic Sea is intensively developed with agriculture, industry, and port activities that introduce pollutants to the environment. Here, we developed and applied a Level III fugacity model for the Adriatic Sea to estimate the current mass balance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Sea, and to examine the effects of a climate change scenario on the distribution of these pollutants. The model's performance was evaluated for three PCB congeners against measured concentrations in the region using environmental parameters estimated from the 20th century climate scenario described in the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) by the IPCC, and using Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis. We find that modeled fugacities of PCBs in air, water and sediment of the Adriatic are in good agreement with observations. The model indicates that PCBs in the Adriatic Sea are closely coupled with the atmosphere, which acts as a net source to the water column. We used model experiments to assess the influence of changes in temperature, wind speed, precipitation, marine currents, particulate organic carbon and air inflow concentrations forecast in the IPCC A1B climate change scenario on the mass balance of PCBs in the Sea. Assuming an identical PCBs' emission profile (e.g. use pattern, treatment/disposal of stockpiles, mode of entry), modeled fugacities of PCBs in the Adriatic Sea under the A1B climate scenario are higher because higher temperatures reduce the fugacity capacity of air, water and sediments, and because diffusive sources to the air are stronger. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Thermohaline variability in the Adriatic and Northern Ionian Seas observed from the Argo floats during 2010-2014

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kovačević, Vedrana; Ursella, Laura; Gačić, Miroslav; Notarstefano, Giulio; Menna, Milena; Bensi, Manuel; Civitarese, Giuseppe; Poulain, Pierre-Marie

    2015-04-01

    The Adriatic Sea is the northernmost basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMed). At its southern end, the basin communicates with the adjacent Ionian Sea through the 80 km wide and 850 m deep Strait of Otranto. Due to the river discharge in the north and due to the strong winter cooling, the Adriatic is both a dilution basin and the dense water formation region. The basin-wide circulation is cyclonic. The circulation is however, energetic also at smaller spatial and temporal scales, and several circulation cells and mesoscale features are regularly observed equally along the littoral and in the open sea. The North Adriatic Dense Water (NAdDW) formed during winter is the densest water of the whole Mediterranean Sea (up to 1060 kg/m3). It flows as a density driven bottom current from the northern shelf toward south, filling the deep layers of the middle and southern Adriatic pits. The deep open-sea area of the South Adriatic Pit (SAP, 1200 m) feels the influence of a water mass exchange through the Strait of Otranto. Specifically, it receives salty and warm surface and Levantine Intermediate Waters from the Ionian Sea. Through the open-sea winter convection that homogenizes and ventilates 400-800 m thick upper water column, this salty water contributes to the formation of the Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW, 1029.17-1029.20 kg/m3), which is not as dense as the NAdDW. Both dense waters eventually mix and spill across the sill ventilating the deep and bottom layers of the Ionian Sea, and driving the deep thermohaline cell of the EMed. Thermohaline properties of the Adriatic Sea vary at wide spatial and temporal scales, and this in turn affects the properties of its dense waters. The long-term scales are of a particular interest, as they are often associated with the biogeochemical and biotic variability such as intrusion of alien species into the Adriatic Sea and interconnection with the adjacent Ionian basin. Due to the extremely variable meteo- and climatic conditions

  6. A high resolution Adriatic-Ionian Sea circulation model for operational forecasting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ciliberti, Stefania Angela; Pinardi, Nadia; Coppini, Giovanni; Oddo, Paolo; Vukicevic, Tomislava; Lecci, Rita; Verri, Giorgia; Kumkar, Yogesh; Creti', Sergio

    2015-04-01

    A new numerical regional ocean model for the Italian Seas, with focus on the Adriatic-Ionian basin, has been implemented within the framework of Technologies for Situational Sea Awareness (TESSA) Project. The Adriatic-Ionian regional model (AIREG) represents the core of the new Adriatic-Ionian Forecasting System (AIFS), maintained operational by CMCC since November 2014. The spatial domain covers the Adriatic and the Ionian Seas, extending eastward until the Peloponnesus until the Libyan coasts; it includes also the Tyrrhenian Sea and extends westward, including the Ligurian Sea, the Sardinia Sea and part of the Algerian basin. The model is based on the NEMO-OPA (Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean - Ocean PArallelise), version 3.4 (Madec et al. 2008). NEMO has been implemented for AIREG at 1/45° resolution model in horizontal using 121 vertical levels with partial steps. It solves the primitive equations using the time-splitting technique for solving explicitly the external gravity waves. The model is forced by momentum, water and heat fluxes interactively computed by bulk formulae using the 6h-0.25° horizontal-resolution operational analysis and forecast fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) (Tonani et al. 2008, Oddo et al. 2009). The atmospheric pressure effect is included as surface forcing for the model hydrodynamics. The evaporation is derived from the latent heat flux, while the precipitation is provided by the Climate Prediction Centre Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) data. Concerning the runoff contribution, the model considers the estimate of the inflow discharge of 75 rivers that flow into the Adriatic-Ionian basin, collected by using monthly means datasets. Because of its importance as freshwater input in the Adriatic basin, the Po River contribution is provided using daily average observations from ARPA Emilia Romagna observational network. AIREG is one-way nested into the Mediterranean Forecasting

  7. Carbonate system variability in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic Sea)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cantoni, Carolina; Luchetta, Anna; Celio, Massimo; Cozzi, Stefano; Raicich, Fabio; Catalano, Giulio

    2012-12-01

    The seasonal variability of the carbonate system in the waters of the Gulf of Trieste (GoT) was studied at PALOMA station from 2008 to 2009, in order to highlight the effects of biological processes, meteorological forcings and river loads on the dynamics of pHT, CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate ion concentration (CO3=), aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) and total alkalinity (AT). During winter, low seawater temperature (9.0 ± 0.4 °C) and a weak biological activity (-10.7 < AOU < 15.7 μmol O2 kg-1) in a homogeneous water column led to the lowest average values of pCO2 (328 ± 19 μatm) and ΩAr (2.91 ± 0.14). In summer, the water column in the area acted as a two-layer system, with production processes prevailing in the upper layer (average AOU = -29.3 μmol O2 kg-1) and respiration processes in the lower layer (average AOU = 26.8 μmol O2 kg-1). These conditions caused the decrease of DIC (50 μmol kg-1) and the increase of ΩAr (1.0) values in the upper layer, whereas opposite trends were observed in the bottom waters. In August 2008, during a hypoxic event (dissolved oxygen DO = 86.9 μmol O2 kg-1), the intense remineralisation of organic carbon caused the rise of pCO2 (1043 μatm) and the decreases of pHT and ΩAr values down to 7.732 and 1.79 respectively. On an annual basis, surface pCO2 was mainly regulated by the pronounced seasonal cycle of seawater temperature. In winter, surface waters in the GoT were under-saturated with respect to atmospheric CO2, thus acting as a sink of CO2, in particular when strong-wind events enhanced air-sea gas exchange (FCO2 up to -11.9 mmol m-2 d-1). During summer, the temperature-driven increase of pCO2 was dampened by biological CO2 uptake, as consequence a slight over-saturation (pCO2 = 409 μatm) turned out. River plumes were generally associated to higher AT and pCO2 values (up to 2859 μmol kg-1 and 606 μatm respectively), but their effect was highly variable in space and time

  8. The importance of modeling nonhydrostatic processes for dense water reproduction in the Southern Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bellafiore, Debora; McKiver, William J.; Ferrarin, Christian; Umgiesser, Georg

    2018-05-01

    Dense water (DW) formation commonly occurs in the shallow Northern Adriatic Sea during winter outbreaks, when there is a combination of the cooling of surface waters by the winds and high salinity as a result of reduced river inputs. These DWs subsequently propagate southwards over a period of weeks/months, eventually arriving in the Southern Adriatic Sea. The investigation is based on a new nonhydrostatic (NH) formulation of the 3D finite element model SHYFEM that is validated for a number of theoretical test cases. Subsequently this model is used to simulate, through high-resolution numerical simulations, an extreme DW event that occurred in the Adriatic Sea in 2012. We perform both hydrostatic (HY) and NH simulations in order to explicitly see the impact of NH processes on the DW dynamics. The modeled results are compared to observations collected in the field campaign of March-April 2012 in the Southern Adriatic Sea. The NH run correctly reproduces the across isobath bottom-trapped gravity current characterizing the canyon DW pathways. It also more accurately captures the frequency and intensity of dense water cascading pulsing events, as the inclusion of NH processes produces stronger currents with different DW mixing characteristics. Finally, the NH run simulates internal gravity waves (IGW), generated during the cascading at the edge of the canyon, which propagate downslope. This IGW activity is not captured in the HY case.

  9. Matching oceanography and genetics at the basin scale. Seascape connectivity of the Mediterranean shore crab in the Adriatic Sea.

    PubMed

    Schiavina, M; Marino, I A M; Zane, L; Melià, P

    2014-11-01

    Investigating the interactions between the physical environment and early life history is crucial to understand the mechanisms that shape the genetic structure of marine populations. Here, we assessed the genetic differentiation in a species with larval dispersal, the Mediterranean shore crab (Carcinus aestuarii) in the Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean), and we investigated the role of oceanic circulation in shaping population structure. To this end, we screened 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci from 431 individuals collected at eight different sites. We found a weak, yet significant, genetic structure into three major clusters: a northern Adriatic group, a central Adriatic group and one group including samples from southern Adriatic and Ionian seas. Genetic analyses were compared, under a seascape genetics approach, with estimates of potential larval connectivity obtained with a coupled physical-biological model that integrates a water circulation model and a description of biological traits affecting dispersal. The cross-validation of the results of the two approaches supported the view that genetic differentiation reflects an oceanographic subdivision of the Adriatic Sea into three subbasins, with circulation patterns allowing the exchange of larvae through permanent connections linking north Adriatic sites and ephemeral connections like those linking the central Adriatic with northern and southern locations. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  10. A Self-Organizing Maps approach to assess the wave climate of the Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barbariol, Francesco; Marcello Falcieri, Francesco; Scotton, Carlotta; Benetazzo, Alvise; Bergamasco, Andrea; Bergamasco, Filippo; Bonaldo, Davide; Carniel, Sandro; Sclavo, Mauro

    2015-04-01

    The assessment of wave conditions at sea is fruitful for many research fields in marine and atmospheric sciences and for the human activities in the marine environment. To this end, in the last decades the observational network, that mostly relies on buoys, satellites and other probes from fixed platforms, has been integrated with numerical models outputs, which allow to compute the parameters of sea states (e.g. the significant wave height, the mean and peak wave periods, the mean and peak wave directions) over wider regions. Apart from the collection of wave parameters observed at specific sites or modeled on arbitrary domains, the data processing performed to infer the wave climate at those sites is a crucial step in order to provide high quality data and information to the community. In this context, several statistical techniques has been used to model the randomness of wave parameters. While univariate and bivariate probability distribution functions (pdf) are routinely used, multivariate pdfs that model the probability structure of more than two wave parameters are hardly managed. Recently, the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) technique has been successfully applied to represent the multivariate random wave climate at sites around the Iberian peninsula and the South America continent. Indeed, the visualization properties offered by this technique allow to get the dependencies between the different parameters by visual inspection. In this study, carried out in the frame of the Italian National Flagship Project "RITMARE", we take advantage of the SOM technique to assess the multivariate wave climate over the Adriatic Sea, a semi-enclosed basin in the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea, where winds from North-East (called "Bora") and South-East (called "Sirocco") mainly blow causing sea storms. By means of the SOM techniques we can observe the multivariate character of the typical Bora and Sirocco wave features in the Adriatic Sea. To this end, we used both observed and

  11. Foraminiferal record of anthropogenic environmental changes in the northeastern Adriatic Sea (Panzano Bay, Gulf of Trieste, Italy)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vidovic, Jelena; Cosovic, Vlasta; Kern, Vieana; Gallmetzer, Ivo; Haselmair, Alexandra; Zuschin, Martin

    2016-04-01

    The northern Adriatic Sea is one of the world's largest modern epicontinental seas and a young marine ecosystem that has been subject to various natural and anthropogenic processes during the Holocene: marine transgression, regional climate fluctuations, urbanisation and pollution. The Gulf of Trieste, located in the northeastern part, presents the area of particular interest, as it is a shallow and sheltered embayment, prone to the accumulation of pollutants, populated for at least the last 2000 years and with recent anthropogenic pressure coming from several rivers, ports and industrial zones. The aim of this multidisciplinary study is to provide a high-resolution record of these processes using benthic foraminiferal assemblages, geochemical proxies (trace metals, nutrients and pollutants), sedimentological (sedimentation rates) and time-averaging data (from dated mollusc shells). One core of 1.5 m length was taken at the sampling station Panzano Bay, northernmost part of the Gulf of Trieste, at the water depth of 12.5 m. The sedimentation rate is estimated to be 2.5 mm/year, based on 210Pb sediment dating, while dating of the molluscs shells revealed the age at the bottom of the core to be approximately 500 years. The core was sliced into smaller subsamples, and four sediment fractions of each subsample (63, 125, 250 and 500 μm) were analysed for standard properties of the foraminiferal community (faunal composition, absolute and relative abundances of species, biodiversity indices), in order to make comparison with relevant physical and geochemical properties of the sediment. The results concerning changes in foraminiferal species composition, their abundance and biodiversity, supported by statistical analyses (cluster analysis, NMDS, PCA), allow identification of three major foraminiferal associations: 1) 80-150 cm - the oldest association is dominated by opportunistic genera ans species, characteristic for unstable environments: Valvulineria sp. (25

  12. Measurements of Sediment Transport in the Western Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sherwood, C. R.; Hill, P. S.

    2003-12-01

    Instrumented bottom tripods were deployed at two depths (10 and 20 m) off the mouth of the Chienti River in the western Adriatic Sea from November 2002 to May 2003 as part of the EuroSTRATAFORM Po and Apennine Sediment Transport and Accumulation (PASTA) Experiment. Waves, currents, and proxies for suspended-sediment concentrations were measured with upward-looking acoustic Doppler current meters, downward looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profilers, single-point acoustic Doppler velocimeters, and acoustic and optical backscatter sensors. Flow was dominated by the western Adriatic coastal current (WACC) during the experiment. Mean southward alongshore velocity 2 m below the surface was 0.10 m/s at the 10-m site and 0.23 m/s at the 20-m site, and flow was modulated by tides, winds, and fluctuating riverflow. The largest waves (3 m significant height) were generated by winds from the southeast during a Sirocco event in late November that generated one of the few episodes of sustained northward flow and sediment transport. Most of the time, however, sediment resuspension and transport was dominated by Bora events, when downwelling-favorable winds from the northeast generated waves that resuspended sediment and simultaneously enhanced southward flow in the WACC. Mean flow near the bottom was slightly offshore at the 20-m site (0.01 m/s at 3 m above the bottom), but there was no significant correlation between downwelling and wave-induced resuspension, and cross-shelf sediment fluxes were small. The combination of persistent southward flow with low rates of cross-shelf leakage makes the WACC an efficient conduit for sediment past the Chienti region. If these observations are representative of typical winter conditions along the entire western Adriatic, they may help explain the enigmatic development of Holocene shelf-edge clinoforms that have formed hundreds of kilometers south of the Po River, which provides most of the sediment to the Adriatic Sea. Future data

  13. Turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under moderate wind forcing and different water column stratification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Marcello Falcieri, Francesco; Kantha, Lakshmi; Benetazzo, Alvise; Bergamasco, Andrea; Bonaldo, Davide; Barbariol, Francesco; Malačič, Vlado; Sclavo, Mauro; Carniel, Sandro

    2016-03-01

    The oceanographic campaign CARPET2014 (Characterizing Adriatic Region Preconditionig EvenTs), (30 January-4 February 2014) collected the very first turbulence data in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) under moderate wind (average wind speed 10 m s-1) and heat flux (net negative heat flux ranging from 150 to 400 W m-2). Observations consisted of 38 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) casts and 478 microstructure profiles (grouped into 145 ensembles) with three sets of yoyo casts, each lasting for about 12 consecutive hours. Averaging closely repeated casts, such as the ensembles, can lead to a smearing effect when in the presence of a vertical density structure with strong interfaces that can move up or down between subsequent casts under the influence of tides and internal waves. In order to minimize the smearing effect of such displacements on mean quantities, we developed an algorithm to realign successive microstructure profiles to produce sharper and more meaningful mean profiles of measured turbulence parameters. During the campaign, the water column in the gulf evolved from well-mixed to stratified conditions due to Adriatic waters intruding at the bottom along the gulf's south-eastern coast. We show that during the warm and relatively dry winter, the water column in the Gulf of Trieste, even under moderate wind forcing, was not completely mixed due to the influence of bottom waters intruding from the open sea. Inside the gulf, two types of water intrusions were found during yoyo casts: one coming from the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea (i.e. cooler, fresher and more turbid) and one coming from the open sea in front of the Po Delta (i.e. warmer, saltier and less turbid). The two intrusions had different impacts on turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate profiles. The former, with high turbidity, acted as a barrier to wind-driven turbulence, while the latter, with low sediment concentrations and a smaller vertical density gradient, was not

  14. Oil spill model coupled to an ultra-high-resolution circulation model: implementation for the Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Korotenko, K.

    2003-04-01

    An ultra-high-resolution version of DieCAST was adjusted for the Adriatic Sea and coupled with an oil spill model. Hydrodynamic module was developed on base of th low dissipative, four-order-accuracy version DieCAST with the resolution of ~2km. The oil spill model was developed on base of particle tracking technique The effect of evaporation is modeled with an original method developed on the base of the pseudo-component approach. A special dialog interface of this hybrid system allowing direct coupling to meteorlogical data collection systems or/and meteorological models. Experiments with hypothetic oil spill are analyzed for the Northern Adriatic Sea. Results (animations) of mesoscale circulation and oil slick modeling are presented at wabsite http://thayer.dartmouth.edu/~cushman/adriatic/movies/

  15. Impact of tides in a baroclinic circulation model of the Adriatic Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guarnieri, A.; Pinardi, N.; Oddo, P.; Bortoluzzi, G.; Ravaioli, M.

    2013-01-01

    AbstractThe impact of tides in the circulation of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is investigated by means of a nested baroclinic numerical ocean model. Tides are introduced using a modified Flather boundary condition at the open edge of the domain. The results show that tidal amplitudes and phases are reproduced correctly by the baroclinic model and tidal harmonic constants errors are comparable with those resulting from the most consolidated barotropic models. Numerical experiments were conducted to estimate and assess the impact of (i) the modified Flather lateral boundary condition; (ii) tides on temperature, salinity, and stratification structures in the basin; and (iii) tides on mixing and circulation in general. Tides induce a different momentum advective component in the basin, which in turn produces a different distribution of water masses in the basin. Tides impact on mixing and stratification in the River Po region (northwestern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>) and induce semidiurnal fluctuations of salinity and temperature, in all four seasons for the former and summer alone for the latter. A clear presence of internal tides was evidenced in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> basin, corroborating previous findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4325156','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4325156"><span>Bacterial Diversity in the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> during a Strong, Deep Winter Convection Year</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Korlević, M.; Pop Ristova, P.; Garić, R.; Amann, R.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is the deepest part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and represents a key area for both the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the deep eastern Mediterranean. It has a role in dense water formation for the eastern Mediterranean deep circulation cell, and it represents an entry point for water masses originating from the Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The biodiversity and seasonality of bacterial picoplankton before, during, and after deep winter convection in the oligotrophic South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> waters were assessed by combining comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). The picoplankton communities reached their maximum abundance in the spring euphotic zone when the maximum value of the chlorophyll a in response to deep winter convection was recorded. The communities were dominated by Bacteria, while Archaea were a minor constituent. A seasonality of bacterial richness and diversity was observed, with minimum values occurring during the winter convection and spring postconvection periods and maximum values occurring under summer stratified conditions. The SAR11 clade was the main constituent of the bacterial communities and reached the maximum abundance in the euphotic zone in spring after the convection episode. Cyanobacteria were the second most abundant group, and their abundance strongly depended on the convection event, when minimal cyanobacterial abundance was observed. In spring and autumn, the euphotic zone was characterized by Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. Bacteroidetes clades NS2b, NS4, and NS5 and the gammaproteobacterial SAR86 clade were detected to co-occur with phytoplankton blooms. The SAR324, SAR202, and SAR406 clades were present in the deep layer, exhibiting different seasonal variations in abundance. Overall, our data demonstrate that the abundances of particular bacterial clades and the overall bacterial richness and diversity are greatly impacted by strong winter convection. PMID:25548042</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.8124V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.8124V"><span>Geomorphology of submerged river channels indicates Late Quaternary tectonic activity in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste, Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vrabec, M.; Slavec, P.; Poglajen, S.; Busetti, M.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>We use multibeam and parametric subbottom sonar data, complemented with multichannel and high-resolution single-channel seismic profiles, to investigate <span class="hlt">sea</span>-bottom morphology and subbottom sediment structure in the south-eastern half of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste, northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The study area comprises 180 km2 of predominantly flat seabed with the water depth from 20 to 25 m. Pre-Quaternary basement consists of Mesozoic-Paleogene carbonate platform unit, overlain by Eocene marls and sandstones, covered by up to 300 m thick Quaternary sediments of predominantly continental origin. The uppermost few meters of sediment consist of Holocene fine-grained marine deposits. Structurally, the investigated area belongs to the imbricated rim of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate and is dissected by several NE-dipping low-angle thrusts with up to several kms of displacement. The thrusts are cut by younger NE-SW-trending steeply dipping faults with sinistral and/or normal offset, mapped onshore. The continuation of those faults into the offshore area is suggested by mismatch of thrust structures between parallel seismic profiles. Geodetic data on present-day tectonic activity is controversial. Whereas the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate is currently moving northwards towards Eurasia at the rate of 2-4 mm/yr, the GNSS data show no measurable deformation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste. On the other hand, onshore precise-levelling data suggest localized vertical motions in the range of 1 mm/yr, interpreted as an indication of thrust activity. High-resolution swath bathymetry revealed several current-related erosional and depositional features such as gullies and megadunes with up to 5 m of relief. The most conspicuous seabed morphological features are pre-Holocene river channels preserved in low-erosion submarine environment, which make excellent markers for studying the long-term geomorphological evolution of the area. The WNW-ESE-trending paleo-Rižana river is characterized by highly sinuous meandering</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1412947R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1412947R"><span>An operational coupled wave-current forecasting system for the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Russo, A.; Coluccelli, A.; Deserti, M.; Valentini, A.; Benetazzo, A.; Carniel, S.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Since 2005 an <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (AdriaROMS) is being producing operational short-term forecasts (72 hours) of some hydrodynamic properties (currents, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, temperature, salinity) of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> at 2 km horizontal resolution and 20 vertical s-levels, on a daily basis. The main objective of AdriaROMS, which is managed by the Hydro-Meteo-Clima Service (SIMC) of ARPA Emilia Romagna, is to provide useful products for civil protection purposes (<span class="hlt">sea</span> level forecasts, outputs to run other forecasting models as for saline wedge, oil spills and coastal erosion). In order to improve the forecasts in the coastal area, where most of the attention is focused, a higher resolution model (0.5 km, again with 20 vertical s-levels) has been implemented for the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> domain. The new implementation is based on the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport Modeling System (COAWST)and adopts ROMS for the hydrodynamic and Simulating WAve Nearshore (SWAN) for the wave module, respectively. Air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> fluxes are computed using forecasts produced by the COSMO-I7 operational atmospheric model. At the open boundary of the high resolution model, temperature, salinity and velocity fields are provided by AdriaROMS while the wave characteristics are provided by an operational SWAN implementation (also managed by SIMC). Main tidal components are imposed as well, derived from a tidal model. Work in progress is oriented now on the validation of model results by means of extensive comparisons with acquired hydrographic measurements (such as CTDs or XBTs from <span class="hlt">sea</span>-truth campaigns), currents and waves acquired at observational sites (including those of SIMC, CNR-ISMAR network and its oceanographic tower, located off the Venice littoral) and satellite-derived wave-heights data. Preliminary results on the forecast waves denote how, especially during intense storms, the effect of coupling can lead to significant variations in the wave</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OcSci..14..237V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OcSci..14..237V"><span>Wintertime dynamics in the coastal northeastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: the NAdEx 2015 experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vilibić, Ivica; Mihanović, Hrvoje; Janeković, Ivica; Denamiel, Cléa; Poulain, Pierre-Marie; Orlić, Mirko; Dunić, Natalija; Dadić, Vlado; Pasarić, Mira; Muslim, Stipe; Gerin, Riccardo; Matić, Frano; Šepić, Jadranka; Mauri, Elena; Kokkini, Zoi; Tudor, Martina; Kovač, Žarko; Džoić, Tomislav</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The paper investigates the wintertime dynamics of the coastal northeastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and is based on numerical modelling and in situ data collected through field campaigns executed during the winter and spring of 2015. The data were collected with a variety of instruments and platforms (acoustic Doppler current profilers, conductivity-temperature-depth probes, glider, profiling float) and are accompanied by the atmosphere-ocean ALADIN/ROMS modelling system. The research focused on the dense-water formation (DWF), thermal changes, circulation, and water exchange between the coastal and open <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. According to both observations and modelling results, dense waters are formed in the northeastern coastal <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> during cold bora outbreaks. However, the dense water formed in this coastal region has lower densities than the dense water formed in the open <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> due to lower salinities. Since the coastal area is deeper than the open <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, the observations indicate (i) balanced inward-outward exchange at the deep connecting channels of denser waters coming from the open <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> DWF site and less-dense waters coming from the coastal region and (ii) outward flow of less-dense waters dominating in the intermediate and surface layers. The latter phenomenon was confirmed by the model, even if it significantly underestimates the currents and transports in the connecting channels. The median residence time of the coastal area is estimated to be approximately 20 days, indicating that the coastal area may be renewed relatively quickly by the open <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> waters. The data that were obtained represent a comprehensive marine dataset that can be used to calibrate atmospheric and oceanic numerical models and point to several interesting phenomena to be investigated in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997612','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997612"><span>Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste sediments (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>): potential impacts of maritime traffic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bajt, Oliver</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>) is one of the most urbanized and industrialized areas in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, with intense maritime traffic experienced at multiple ports. The impact of maritime traffic on contamination by hydrocarbons in this area was assessed. Concentrations of hydrocarbons were higher near the expected contamination sources and still elevated in the adjacent offshore areas. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were mainly of petrogenic origin, with some contribution of biogenic origin. A continuous contamination by aliphatic hydrocarbons and degradation processes were hypothesized. Concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were generally greater near the contamination sources. Compared to the prevailing pyrolytic origin, the petrogenic PAH origin seemed to be less important, but not negligible. Results revealed that intensive maritime traffic is a probable source of contamination by hydrocarbons in the investigated area, which is largely limited to areas near the contamination sources.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/467647-tri-modular-model-computation-meteorological-oceanographic-fields-adriatic-sea','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/467647-tri-modular-model-computation-meteorological-oceanographic-fields-adriatic-sea"><span>A tri-modular model for the computation of the meteorological and oceanographic fields in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lionello, P.; Pernigotti, D.; Zampato, L.</p> <p>1994-12-31</p> <p>The purpose of this research program is the construction of the modelling framework to describe and predict the development of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> and of the atmosphere in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region. There are two time scales that are considered: the medium range time scale of the weather-surge-oceanwave forecast and the interseasonal time scale of the thermohaline circulation in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The phenomenology associated with the medium range is represented by the intense storms that take place in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, in spite of its relatively small extension, when the presence of a pressure minimum over Italy generates an intense Sciroccomore » wind which, channeled by the mountain ridges surrounding the basin, blows along its whole length. Because of the long fetch, approximately 1,000 Km., this situation produces high ocean waves and the storm surge that is associated with the flooding of Venice. The interseasonal phenomenology is represented by the formation of dense water in the Northern part of the basin during winter. This is presumably caused by Bora, a strong South-Westerly wind, cold and dry, which produces cooling and evaporation in the shallow water coastal region of the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. The complex orography surrounding the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and the short duration of this phenomena require a model framework capable of high space and time resolution on a limited area. This is the motivation for addressing these issues in a coupled model framework consisting of a limited area atmospheric circulation model, an ocean circulation model, and a ocean wave model with high resolution both in space and time.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28779887','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28779887"><span>Small plastic debris in sediments from the Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Types, occurrence and distribution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mistri, Michele; Infantini, Vanessa; Scoponi, Marco; Granata, Tommaso; Moruzzi, Letizia; Massara, Francesca; De Donati, Miriam; Munari, Cristina</p> <p>2017-11-15</p> <p>This is the first survey to investigate the occurrence and extent of microplastic contamination in sediments collected along a coast-open <span class="hlt">sea</span> 140km-long transect in the Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Plastic debris extracted from 64 samples of sediments were counted, weighted and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Several types of plastic particles were observed in 100% of the stations. Plastic particles ranged from 1 to 30mm in length. The primary shape types by number were filaments (69.3%), followed by fragments (16.4%), and film (14.3%). Microplastics (1-5mm) accounted for 65.1% of debris, mesoplastics (5-20mm) made up 30.3% of total amount, while macro debris (>20mm) accounted for 4.6% of total plastics collected. Identification through FT-IR spectroscopy evidenced the presence of 6 polymer types: the majority of plastic debris were nylon, polyethylene and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. Our data are a baseline for microplastic research in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912963S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912963S"><span>Common behaviour of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Black <span class="hlt">Seas</span> level in the 20th century as response to a Mediterranean forcing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Scarascia, Luca; Stanica, Adrian; Dinu, Irina; Lionello, Piero</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Black <span class="hlt">Seas</span> are two marginal <span class="hlt">seas</span>, both connected with the Eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, through the Otranto and Bosporus straits respectively. This contribution aims to evidence the fraction of the interannual <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variability that is common to the two basins, likely an effect of the common forcing produced by Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. In order to identify the common signal, the effect of the main local factors (wind, inverse barometer effect, steric effects, river runoff) determining the larger fraction of the interannual <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variability have been identified and subtracted. Using 7 and 5 tide gauge timeseries located along the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span> coasts respectively, provided by PSMSL (Permanent Service of Mean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level), two seamless timeseries representing the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level of the basins from 1900 to 2009 have been produced. The comparison with satellite data, between 1993 and 2009, confirms that these reconstructions are representative of the actual <span class="hlt">sea</span> level in the two basins (values are 0.87 for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and 0.72 for the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). When considering local factors, for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> the annual cycle of inverse barometer effect, steric contribution due to local temperature and salinity variations, and wind set-up have been computed. For the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the wind factor (negligible in this case) has been replaced by the Danube river contribution estimated from the available discharge data of Sulina (one of the exits of the Danube delta). After subtracting these local factors from the observed <span class="hlt">sea</span> level of each basin, the correlation between the residual time series amounts to 0.47, suggesting the presence of a common factor acting at Mediterranean scale, which can be attributed to the effect of the large-scale circulation on the mass exchange between the Mediterranean and the two local basins. The present analysis is still unable to explain a non-negligible fraction of interannual variability of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level of the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. This is likely</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.8950T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.8950T"><span>Fluxes and burial of particulate organic carbon along the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> mud-wedge (Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tesi, T.; Langone, L.; Giani, M.; Ravaioli, M.; Miserocchi, S.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Clinoform-shaped deposits are ubiquitous sedimentological bodies of modern continental margins, including both carbonate and silicoclastic platforms. They formed after the attainment of the modern <span class="hlt">sea</span> level high-stand (mid-late Holocene) when river outlets and shoreline migrated landward. As clinoform-shape deposits are essential building blocks of the infill of sedimentary basins, they are sites of intense organic carbon (OC) deposition and account for a significant fraction of OC burial in the ocean during interglacial periods. In this study, we focused on sigmoid clinoforms that are generally associated with low-energy environments. In particular, we characterized the modern accumulation and burial of OC along the late-Holocene sigmoid in the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). This sedimentary body consists of a mud wedge recognizable on seismic profiles as a progradational unit lying on top the maximum flooding surface that marks the time of maximum landward shift of the shoreline attained around 5.5 kyr cal BP. In the last two decades, several projects have investigated sediment dynamics and organic geochemistry along the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> mud wedge (e.g., PRISMA, EURODELTA, EuroSTRATAFORM, PASTA, CIPE, VECTOR). All these studies increased our understanding of strata formation and organic matter cycling in this epicontinental margin. The overarching goal of this study was to combine the results gained during these projects with newly acquired data to assess fluxes to seabed and burial efficiency of organic carbon along the uppermost strata of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> mud-wedge. Our study benefited of an extensive number of radionuclide-based (Pb-210, and Cs-137) sediment accumulation rates and numerous biogeochemical data of surface sediments and sediment cores (organic carbon, total nitrogen, radiocarbon measurements, carbon stable isotopes, and biomarkers). In addition, because the accumulation of river-borne sediment may or may not be linked to a specific source, another</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812051S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812051S"><span>The role of local and external factors in determining the interannual <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variability of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Black <span class="hlt">Seas</span> during the 20th century.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Scarascia, Luca; Lionello, Piero</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are two semienclosed basins connected to the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by the Otranto and the Bosporus straits, respectively. This work aims to reconstruction the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level for both basins in the 20th century and to investigate main sources of interannual variability. Using 7 tide gauge timeseries located along the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast and 5 along the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span> coast, provided by the PSMSL (Permanent service of mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level), a seamless <span class="hlt">sea</span> level timeseries (1900-2009) has been obtained for each basin on the basis of statistical procedure involving PCA and Least Square Method. The comparison with satellite data in the period 1993 - 2009 confirms that these are reliable representations of the observed <span class="hlt">sea</span> level for the whole basin, showing a great agreement with a correlation value of 0.87 and 0.72 for <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span> respectively. The <span class="hlt">sea</span> level has been decomposed in various contributions in order to analyze the role of the factors responsible for its interannual variability. The annual cycles of the local effect of pressure (inverse barometer effect IB), of the steric effect due to temperature and salinity variation and of the wind effect have been computed. The largest contribute for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is due to the wind, whilst inverse barometer effect plays a minor role and the steric effect seems to be almost negligible. For the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, on the contrary, wind effect is negligible, and the largest source of variability is due to the Danube river, which is estimated from the available discharge data of Sulina (one of the exits of the Danube delta. Steric and IB effects play both a minor role in this basin. A linear regression model, built considering as predictor the SLP gradient identified at large scale after having carried out the correlation analysis, is capable to explain a further percentage of variability (about 20-25%) of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level after subtracting all the factors considered above. Finally, residual <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels show a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMNG31A3787M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMNG31A3787M"><span>Self-Organizing Maps method in recent <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> environmental studies: applications and perspectives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mihanovic, H.; Vilibic, I.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Herein we present three recent oceanographic studies performed in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>), where Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method, an unsupervised neural network method capable of recognizing patterns in various types of datasets, was applied to environmental data. The first study applied the SOM method to a long (50 years) series of thermohaline, dissolved oxygen and nutrient data measured over a deep (1200 m) Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit, in order to extract characteristic deep water mass patterns and their temporal variability. Low-dimensional SOM solutions revealed that the patterns were not sensitive to nutrients but were determined mostly by temperature, salinity and DO content; therefore, the water masses in the region can be traced by using no nutrient data. The second study encompassed the classification of surface current patterns measured by HF radars over the northernmost part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, by applying the SOM method to the HF radar data and operational mesoscale meteorological model surface wind fields. The major output from this study was a high correlation found between characteristic ocean current distribution patterns with and without wind data introduced to the SOM, implying the dominant wind driven dynamics over a local scale. That nominates the SOM method as a basis for generating very fast real-time forecast models over limited domains, based on the existing atmospheric forecasts and basin-oriented ocean experiments. The last study classified the <span class="hlt">sea</span> ambient noise distributions in a habitat area of bottlenose dolphin, connecting it to the man-made noise generated by different types of vessels. Altogether, the usefulness of the SOM method has been recognized in different aspects of basin-scale ocean environmental studies, and may be a useful tool in future investigations of understanding of the multi-disciplinary dynamics over a basin, including the creation of operational environmental forecasting systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA512124','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA512124"><span>Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Nested Modeling of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> During Winter and Spring 2001</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-10-15</p> <p>Breivik and Saetra, 2001]. Here major axis decorrelation scales are much longer for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> simulation forced by the coarser-resolution...Volkert, The MAP special observing period, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 433–462, 2001. Breivik , O., and O. Saetra, Real time assimilation of HF radar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17254613','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17254613"><span>Towards an operational use of space imagery for oil pollution monitoring in the Mediterranean basin: a demonstration in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ferraro, Guido; Bernardini, Annalia; David, Matej; Meyer-Roux, Serge; Muellenhoff, Oliver; Perkovic, Marko; Tarchi, Dario; Topouzelis, Kostas</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>Studies of operational pollution carried out by European commission - Joint Research Centre in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> for the years 1999-2004 are briefly introduced. The specific analysis of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> for the same period demonstrates that this area has been characterized by a relevant number of illegal discharges from ships. After setting the historical background of the project AESOP (aerial and satellite surveillance of operational pollution in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>), the content, partners and aim of the project are presented. Finally, the results of the first phase of the AESOP project are presented. The results seem very encouraging. For the first time in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, real time detection of oil spills in satellite images and an immediate verification by the Coast Guard has been undertaken. An exploratory activity has also been carried out in collaboration with the University of Ljubljana to use automatic information system (AIS) to identify the ships detected in the satellite images.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712030G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712030G"><span>Molluscan shell communities: a window into the ecological history of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gallmetzer, Ivo; Haselmair, Alexandra; Tomasovych, Adam; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The historical ecology approach used in the present study sheds light on the younger ecological history of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, targeting the period of the last 500 to 1500 years. We focus on down-core changes in molluscan death assemblages, where differences between community structures serve as a proxy for ecological shifts over time. The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, with its densely populated shoreline, is among the most degraded marine ecosystems worldwide and is therefore particularly suited to study ecosystem modification under human pressure. Multiple cores of 1.5 m length and diameters of 90 and 160 mm were taken at seven sampling stations throughout the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, covering different sediment types, nutrient conditions and degrees of exploitation. For the mollusc analyses, the cores were sliced into smaller subsamples and analysed for species composition, abundance, taxonomic similarity, evidence for ecological interactions (i.e., frequencies of drilling predation) and taphonomic condition of shells. Sediment analyses include granulometry and radiometric sediment dating using Pb 210. Sediment age analysis revealed one-order-of-magnitude differences in sedimentation rates between stations (34 mm/yr at the Po delta, Italy, 1.5 mm/yr at Brijuni islands, Croatia). In total, 114 bivalve and 112 gastropod species were recorded. Bivalve assemblages showed significant interregional differences that are strongly correlated with sedimentation rates and sediment composition. Down-core changes in molluscan communities are conspicuous in all cores, particularly in the uppermost core sections. This information, together with radiometric shell dating for selected species, helps to specify the timing of major ecological changes in the past and define pristine benthic communities as references for future conservation and management efforts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014OcDyn..64.1803M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014OcDyn..64.1803M"><span>Verification of an ensemble prediction system for storm surge forecast in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mel, Riccardo; Lionello, Piero</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>In the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, storm surges present a significant threat to Venice and to the flat coastal areas of the northern coast of the basin. <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level forecast is of paramount importance for the management of daily activities and for operating the movable barriers that are presently being built for the protection of the city. In this paper, an EPS (ensemble prediction system) for operational forecasting of storm surge in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is presented and applied to a 3-month-long period (October-December 2010). The <span class="hlt">sea</span> level EPS is based on the HYPSE (hydrostatic Padua <span class="hlt">Sea</span> elevation) model, which is a standard single-layer nonlinear shallow water model, whose forcings (mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level pressure and surface wind fields) are provided by the ensemble members of the ECMWF (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) EPS. Results are verified against observations at five tide gauges located along the Croatian and Italian coasts of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Forecast uncertainty increases with the predicted value of the storm surge and with the forecast lead time. The EMF (ensemble mean forecast) provided by the EPS has a rms (root mean square) error lower than the DF (deterministic forecast), especially for short (up to 3 days) lead times. Uncertainty for short lead times of the forecast and for small storm surges is mainly caused by uncertainty of the initial condition of the hydrodynamical model. Uncertainty for large lead times and large storm surges is mainly caused by uncertainty in the meteorological forcings. The EPS spread increases with the rms error of the forecast. For large lead times the EPS spread and the forecast error substantially coincide. However, the EPS spread in this study, which does not account for uncertainty in the initial condition, underestimates the error during the early part of the forecast and for small storm surge values. On the contrary, it overestimates the rms error for large surge values. The PF (probability forecast) of the EPS</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.4819L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.4819L"><span>Modeling the drift of plastics in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liubartseva, Svitlana; Coppini, Giovanni; Lecci, Rita; Creti, Sergio</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Recently, plastic pollution at <span class="hlt">sea</span> has become widely recognized as an acute environmental problem. Distribution of plastics in the marine environment is controlled by (1) locations and time-varying intensity of inputs; (2) the dynamics of the upper mixed layer of the ocean, where the majority of plastics float; and (3) the sinks of plastics. In the present work, we calculate the plastic concentrations at the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface and fluxes onto the coastline (2009-2015) that originated from terrestrial and maritime inputs. We construct a Markov chain model based on coupling the MEDSLIK-II model (De Dominicis et al., 2013) with the daily <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Forecasting System (AFS) ocean currents simulations (1/45° horizontal resolution) (Guarneri et al., 2010) and ECMWF surface wind analyses (0.25° horizontal and 6-h temporal resolutions). We assume that the coastline is the main sink of plastics in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Liubartseva et al., 2015). Our calculations have shown that the mean particle half-life in the basin approximately equals 43.7 days, which allows us to define the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> as a highly dissipative system with respect to floating plastics. On long-term time-mean scales, the most polluted <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface area (more than 10 g/km2 floating plastics) is represented by an elongated band shifted to the Italian coastline and narrowed from northwest to southeast. That corresponds to the spatial distributions of plastic inputs, and indicates a tight connection with patterns of the general <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> circulation, including the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coastal Current and the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> gyre. On seasonal time-mean scales, we indicate the winter plastics' expansion into the basin's interior, spring trapping in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, summer cleansing the middle and southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and autumn spreading into the southeastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Distinctive coastal "hot spot" is found on the Po Delta coastline that receives a plastic flux of 70 kg/(kmṡday). Complex source-receptor relationships</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018377','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018377"><span>Seismicity of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Console, R.; Di, Giovambattista R.; Favali, P.; Presgrave, B.W.; Smriglio, G.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate was previously considered to be a unique block, tectonically active only along its margins. The seismic sequences that took place in the basin from 1986 to 1990 give new information about the geodynamics of this area. Three subsets of well recorded events were relocated by the joint hypocentre determination technique. On the whole, this seismic activity was concentrated in a belt crossing the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> around latitude 42??, in connection with regional E-W fault systems. Some features of this seismicity, similar to those observed in other well known active margins of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> plate, support a model of a southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> lithospheric block, detached from the Northern one. Other geophysical information provides evidence of a transitional zone at the same latitude. ?? 1993.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3767Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3767Z"><span>The eSurge-Venice project: how satellite data can improve the storm surge forecasting in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zecchetto, Stefano; Vignudelli, Stefano; Donlon, Craig; De Biasio, Francesco; Della Valle, Antonio; Umgiesser, Georg; Bajo, Marco</p> <p></p> <p>The Data User Element (DUE) program of the European Space Agency (ESA) is funding two projects (eSurge and eSurge-Venice) aimed to demonstrate the improvement of the storm surge forecasting through the use of Earth Observation (EO) data. eSurge-Venice (http://www.esurge-venice.eu/), is specifically focused on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Venice, northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The project objectives are: a) Select a number of Storm Surge Events occurred in the Venice lagoon since 1999; b) Provide the available satellite EO data related to the Storm Surge Events, mainly satellite winds and altimeter data, as well as all the available in-situ data and model forecasts; c) Provide a demonstration Near Real Time service (eSurge-Venice live) of EO data products and services in support of operational and experimental forecasting and warning services; d) Run a number of re-analysis cases, both for historical and contemporary storm surge events, to demonstrate the usefulness of EO data. Present storm surge models use atmospheric model wind fields as forcing. These are know to underestimate the wind in small basins like the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (~1000 km by 300 km), where the orography plays an important role in shaping the winds. Therefore there is the need to verify and tune the atmospheric model wind fields used in the storm surge modeling, an activity which can easily done using satellite scatterometer winds. The project is now in the middle of his life, and promising preliminary results have been achieved using satellite scatterometer wind data to forge the atmospheric model wind fields forcing the storm surge model. This contribution will present the methodology adopted to tune the model wind fields according to the bias with scatterometer winds and the improvements induced in the storm surge model hindcast.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29190825','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29190825"><span>Spillover of the Atlantic bluefin tuna offspring from cages in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: A multidisciplinary approach and assessment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Džoić, Tomislav; Beg Paklar, Gordana; Grbec, Branka; Ivatek-Šahdan, Stjepan; Zorica, Barbara; Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja; Čikeš Keč, Vanja; Lepen Pleić, Ivana; Mladineo, Ivona; Grubišić, Leon; Verley, Philippe</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>During routine monitoring of commercial purse seine catches in 2011, 87 fingerling specimens of scombrids were collected in the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA control region locus inferred that specimens belonged to the Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (N = 29), bullet tuna, Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) (N = 30) and little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus, Rafinesque, 1810 (N = 28). According to previously published growth parameters, the age of the collected specimens was estimated at approximately 30-40 days, suggesting they might have been spawned in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, contrary to the current knowledge. A coupled modelling system with hydrodynamic (ROMS) and individual based model (IBM-Ichthyop) was set up to determine the location of the spawning event. Numerical simulations with the IBM model, both backward and forward in time, indicate commercial tuna cages in the middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastal area as possible spawning location. The two other non-commercial species likely opportunistically use the positive environmental (abiotic and biotic) conditions to spawn in the same area.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5708836','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5708836"><span>Spillover of the Atlantic bluefin tuna offspring from cages in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: A multidisciplinary approach and assessment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>During routine monitoring of commercial purse seine catches in 2011, 87 fingerling specimens of scombrids were collected in the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA control region locus inferred that specimens belonged to the Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (N = 29), bullet tuna, Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) (N = 30) and little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus, Rafinesque, 1810 (N = 28). According to previously published growth parameters, the age of the collected specimens was estimated at approximately 30–40 days, suggesting they might have been spawned in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, contrary to the current knowledge. A coupled modelling system with hydrodynamic (ROMS) and individual based model (IBM—Ichthyop) was set up to determine the location of the spawning event. Numerical simulations with the IBM model, both backward and forward in time, indicate commercial tuna cages in the middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastal area as possible spawning location. The two other non-commercial species likely opportunistically use the positive environmental (abiotic and biotic) conditions to spawn in the same area. PMID:29190825</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMS...139..183S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMS...139..183S"><span>Sedimentological, biogeochemical and mineralogical facies of Northern and Central Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Spagnoli, Federico; Dinelli, Enrico; Giordano, Patrizia; Marcaccio, Marco; Zaffagnini, Fabio; Frascari, Franca</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>The aim of this work was to identify sedimentary facies, i.e. facies having similar biogeochemical, mineralogical and sedimentological properties, in present and recent fine sediments of the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> with their spatial and temporal variations. Further aims were to identify the transportation, dispersion and sedimentation processes and provenance areas of sediments belonging to the facies. A Q-mode factor analysis of mineralogical, granulometric, geochemical (major and trace elements) and biochemical (organic carbon and total nitrogen) properties of surficial and sub-surficial sediments sampled in the PRISMA 1 Project has been used to identify the sedimentary facies. On the whole, four facies were identified: 1) Padanic Facies, made up of fine siliciclastic sediments which reach the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> mainly from the Po River and are distributed by the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> hydrodynamic in a parallel belt off the Italian coast. Southward, this facies gradually mixes with sediments from the Apennine rivers and with biogenic autochthonous particulate; 2) Dolomitic Facies, made up of dolomitic sediments coming from the eastern Alps. This facies is predominant north of the Po River outfalls and it mixes with Padanic Facies sediments in front of the Po River delta; 3) Mn-carbonate Facies, made up of very fine sediments, rich in coccolithophores and secondary Mn-oxy-hydroxides resulting from the reworking of surficial fine sediments in shallow areas and subsequent deposition in deeper areas; 4) Residual Facies, made up of coarse siliciclastic sediments and heavy minerals resulting from the action of waves and coastal currents; this facies is present mainly in inshore areas. The zoning of the facies, resulting from this study, will make possible the identification, through further investigation, on a greater scale, of more accurate facies borders and the recognition of sub-facies, resulting from secondary or weaker biogeochemical processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5516990','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5516990"><span>Responses of molluscan communities to centuries of human impact in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Haselmair, Alexandra; Tomašových, Adam; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In sediment cores spanning ~500 years of history in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste, down-core changes in molluscan community structure are characterized by marked shifts in species and functional composition. Between the 16th and 19th century, a strong heavy metal contamination of the sediments, most notably by Hg, together with the effects of natural climatic oscillations (increased sedimentation and organic enrichment) drive community changes. Since the early 20th century up to 2013, the combined impacts of cultural eutrophication, frequent hypoxic events and intensifying bottom trawling replace heavy metal contamination and climatic factors as the main drivers. The pollution-tolerant and opportunistic bivalve Corbula gibba and the scavenging gastropod Nassarius pygmaeus significantly increase in abundance during the 20th century, while species more sensitive to disturbances and hypoxia such as Turritella communis and Kurtiella bidentata become rare or absent. An infaunal life habit and scavenging emerge as the dominant life strategies during the late 20th century. Down-core shifts in the proportional abundances of molluscan species and functional groups represent a sensitive proxy for past ecological changes and reveal a century-long anthropogenic impact as the main driver behind these processes in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, offering also a unique perspective for other shallow marine ecosystems worldwide. PMID:28723935</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712908M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712908M"><span>A long and winding road: Skeletonema sp transport by Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Waters to the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marcello Falcieri, Francesco; Bernardy Aubry, Fabrizio; Barbariol, Francesco; Benetazzo, Alvise; Bergamasco, Andrea; Boldrin, Alfredo; Bonaldo, Davide; Carniel, Sandro; Finotto, Stefania; Sclavo, Mauro</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The semi enclosed <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a sub basin of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> located in its northeastern part; it has a shallow northern part (average depth of 40 m) and a deep Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit (SAP) that reaches 1200m. The presence of a wide continental shelf exposed to strong heat and momentum fluxes during winter months makes the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> a formation site of dense waters, generally referred to as Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Water (NAdDW). Once produced, it moves south as a quasi-geostrophically adjusted vein , flowing along the Italian coast and enters the SAP giving origin to descent and cascading dense shelf water bringing into the deep layers oxygen, nutrients and organic compound. In February 2012 a long and intense cold air outbreak, with strong Bora winds, interested the northern part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> causing a drop in water temperature to less than 6 °C and an increase in density to values as high as 1030.2 kg/m3 (likely the maximum values since 1929). This resulted in a massive production of NAdDW. In order to study the behavior of the NAdDW vein, a rapid response 2 legs cruise (ODW2012) was organized in the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. During the cruise, along with physical and chemical measurements, water and phytoplankton samples were collected at different depths. Usual abundance and distribution with a general decrease in phytoplankton abundance from the surface to the bottom were found in all stations with one exception. The bottom sample of a station located roughly 40 km at 120 m depth in front of Gargano showed a significantly high dominance (40%) of the small diatom Skeletonema sp whose flowering is typical in the surface waters of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> in late winter. The physical parameters of the water column showed signs of the passage of the dense water vein (lower temperature and higher dissolved oxygen concentrations) hence it was hypothesized that those diatoms were actively transported by the NAdDW near-bottom stream. A further</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PrOce.161...87S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PrOce.161...87S"><span>Spatio-temporal reproducibility of the microbial food web structure associated with the change in temperature: Long-term observations in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Šolić, Mladen; Grbec, Branka; Matić, Frano; Šantić, Danijela; Šestanović, Stefanija; Ninčević Gladan, Živana; Bojanić, Natalia; Ordulj, Marin; Jozić, Slaven; Vrdoljak, Ana</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Global and atmospheric climate change is altering the thermal conditions in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and, consequently, the marine ecosystem. Along the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature (SST) increased by an average of 1.03 °C during the period from 1979 to 2015, while in the recent period, starting from 2008, a strong upward almost linear trend of 0.013 °C/month was noted. Being mainly oligotrophic, the middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is characterized by the important role played by the microbial food web in the production and transfer of biomass and energy towards higher trophic levels. It is very important to understand the effect of warming on microbial communities, since small temperature increases in surface seawater can greatly modify the microbial role in the global carbon cycle. In this study, the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) procedure was used to analyse the time series of a number of microbial parameters at two stations with different trophic status in the central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The results show that responses of the microbial food web (MFW) structure to temperature changes are reproducible in time. Furthermore, qualitatively similar changes in the structure of the MFW occurred regardless of the trophic status. The rise in temperature was associated with: (1) the increasing importance of microbial heterotrophic activities (increase bacterial growth and bacterial predator abundance, particularly heterotrophic nanoflagellates) and (2) the increasing importance of autotrophic picoplankton (APP) in the MFW.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS23B1193T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS23B1193T"><span>Towards integrated assessment of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> sediment budget using remote sensing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taramelli, A.; Filipponi, F.; Valentini, E.; Zucca, F.; Gutierrez, O. Q.; Liberti, L.; Cordella, M.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Understanding the factors influencing sediment fluxes is a key issue to interpret the evolution of coastal sedimentation under natural and human impact and relevant for the natural resources management. Despite river plumes represent one of the major gain in sedimentary budget of littoral cells, knowledge of factors influencing complex behavior of coastal plumes, like river discharge characteristics, wind stress and hydro-climatic variables, has not been yet fully investigated. Use of Earth Observation data allows the identification of spatial and temporal variations of suspended sediments related to river runoff, seafloor erosion, sediment transport and deposition processes. Objective of the study is to investigate sediment fluxes in northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by linking suspended sediment patterns of coastal plumes to hydrologic and climatic forcing regulating the sedimentary cell budget and geomorphological evolution in coastal systems and continental shelf waters. Analysis of Total Suspended Matter (TSM) product, derived from 2002-2012 MERIS time series, was done to map changes in spatial and temporal dimension of suspended sediments, focusing on turbid plume waters and intense wind stress conditions. From the generated multi temporal TSM maps, dispersal patterns of major freshwater runoff plumes in northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> were evaluated through spatial variability of coastal plumes shape and extent. Additionally, sediment supply from river distributary mouths was estimated from TSM and correlated with river discharge rates, wind field and wave field through time. Spatial based methodology has been developed to identify events of wave-generated resuspension of sediments, which cause variation in water column turbidity, occurring during intense wind stress and extreme metocean conditions, especially in the winter period. The identified resuspension events were qualitatively described and compared with to hydro-climatic variables. The identification of spatial and</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1413900G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1413900G"><span>Modelling the baroclinic circulation with tidal components in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guarnieri, A.; Pinardi, N.; Oddo, P.; Bortoluzzi, G.; Ravaioli, M.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The impact of tides in the circulation of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> has been investigated by means of a nested baroclinic numerical ocean model. Tides have been introduced using a modified Flather boundary condition at the open side of the domain. The results show that tidal amplitudes and phases are reproduced correctly by the baroclinic model and the tidal harmonic constants errors are comparable with those resulting from the most consolidated barotropic models. Numerical experiments were conducted to estimate and assess the impact of (i) the modified Flather lateral boundary condition, (ii) the tides on temperature, salinity and stratification structures in the basin, and (iii) the tides on mixing and circulation in general. Tides induce a different momentum advective component in the basin which in turn produces a different distribution of water masses in the basin. Tides impact on mixing and stratification in the Po river region (north-western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>) and induce fluctuations of salinity and temperature on semidiurnal frequencies in all seasons for the first and only winter for the second.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSR...137...57S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSR...137...57S"><span>Good practices for common sole assessment in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Genetic and morphological differentiation of Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) from S. aegyptiaca (Chabanaud, 1927) and stock identification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sabatini, Laura; Bullo, Marianna; Cariani, Alessia; Celić, Igor; Ferrari, Alice; Guarniero, Ilaria; Leoni, Simone; Marčeta, Bojan; Marcone, Alessandro; Polidori, Piero; Raicevich, Saša; Tinti, Fausto; Vrgoč, Nedo; Scarcella, Giuseppe</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>In the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> two cryptic species of sole coexist, the common and Egyptian sole. Soles are one of the most valuable demersal fishery resources in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, so a correct species identification is crucial in order to perform stock assessment and implement effective management measures based on reliable and accurate data. In this study specimens collected during fishery-independent and fishery-dependent activities in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> were analyzed and identified coupling morphological and genetic approaches. A comparison of these two methods for the sole species identification was carried out to assess the most effective, accurate and practical diagnostic morphological key-character(s). Results showed that external characters, in particular features of the posterior dorsal and anal fins, are valid and accurate morphological markers. Based on these traits, a practical identification key of the two sibling species was proposed. Moreover, it was possible to estimate the extent of the error due to species misidentification introduced in the common sole stock assessment carried out in the Northern-central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (GSA17). A 5% bias in the correct identification of common sole specimens was detected. However, this bias was shown not to affect the common sole stock assessment. Moreover, the genetic profiling of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> common sole allowed estimating genetic diversity and assessing population structure. Significant divergence between common soles inhabiting the eastern part of the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and those collected from the other areas of the basin was confirmed. Therefore, the occurrence of genetically differentiated subpopulations supports the need to implement independent stock assessments and management measures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363227','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363227"><span>Toxin levels and profiles in microalgae from the north-Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>--15 years of studies on cultured species.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pistocchi, Rossella; Guerrini, Franca; Pezzolesi, Laura; Riccardi, Manuela; Vanucci, Silvana; Ciminiello, Patrizia; Dell'Aversano, Carmela; Forino, Martino; Fattorusso, Ernesto; Tartaglione, Luciana; Milandri, Anna; Pompei, Marinella; Cangini, Monica; Pigozzi, Silvia; Riccardi, Elena</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is the area of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> where eutrophication and episodes related to harmful algae have occurred most frequently since the 1970s. In this area, which is highly exploited for mollusk farming, the first occurrence of human intoxication due to shellfish consumption occurred in 1989, nearly 10 years later than other countries in Europe and worldwide that had faced similar problems. Until 1997, <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> mollusks had been found to be contaminated mostly by diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins) that, along with paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., saxitoxins), constitute the most common marine biotoxins. Only once, in 1994, a toxic outbreak was related to the occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastal waters. Moreover, in the past 15 years, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> has been characterized by the presence of toxic or potentially toxic algae, not highly widespread outside Europe, such as species producing yessotoxins (i.e., Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedrum), recurrent blooms of the potentially ichthyotoxic species Fibrocapsa japonica and, recently, by blooms of palytoxin-like producing species of the Ostreopsis genus. This review is aimed at integrating monitoring data on toxin spectra and levels in mussels farmed along the coast of the Emilia-Romagna region with laboratory studies performed on the species involved in the production of those toxins; toxicity studies on toxic or potentially toxic species that have recently appeared in this area are also reviewed. Overall, reviewed data are related to: (i) the yessotoxins producing species P. reticulatum, G. spinifera and L. polyedrum, highlighting genetic and toxic characteristics; (ii) <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> strains of Alexandrium minutum, Alexandrium ostenfeldii and Prorocentrum lima whose toxic profiles are compared with those of strains of different geographic origins; (iii) F</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSD...470104F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSD...470104F"><span>Fish and fishery historical data since the 19th century in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Mediterranean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fortibuoni, Tomaso; Libralato, Simone; Arneri, Enrico; Giovanardi, Otello; Solidoro, Cosimo; Raicevich, Saša</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Historic data on biodiversity provide the context for present observations and allow studying long-term changes in marine populations. Here we present multiple datasets on fish and fisheries of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> covering the last two centuries encompassing from qualitative observations to standardised scientific monitoring. The datasets consist of three groups: (1) early naturalists' descriptions of fish fauna, including information (e.g., presence, perceived abundance, size) on 255 fish species for the period 1818-1936 (2) historical landings from major Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> fish markets (Venice, Trieste, Rijeka) for the period 1902-1968, Italian official landings for the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (1953-2012) and landings from the Lagoon of Venice (1945-2001) (3) trawl-survey data from seven surveys spanning the period 1948-1991 and including Catch per Unit of Effort data (kgh-1 and/or nh-1) for 956 hauls performed at 301 stations. The integration of these datasets has already demonstrated to be useful to analyse historical marine community changes over time, and its availability through open-source data portal will facilitate analyses in the framework of marine historical ecology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28895949','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28895949"><span>Fish and fishery historical data since the 19th century in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Mediterranean.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fortibuoni, Tomaso; Libralato, Simone; Arneri, Enrico; Giovanardi, Otello; Solidoro, Cosimo; Raicevich, Saša</p> <p>2017-09-12</p> <p>Historic data on biodiversity provide the context for present observations and allow studying long-term changes in marine populations. Here we present multiple datasets on fish and fisheries of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> covering the last two centuries encompassing from qualitative observations to standardised scientific monitoring. The datasets consist of three groups: (1) early naturalists' descriptions of fish fauna, including information (e.g., presence, perceived abundance, size) on 255 fish species for the period 1818-1936; (2) historical landings from major Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> fish markets (Venice, Trieste, Rijeka) for the period 1902-1968, Italian official landings for the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (1953-2012) and landings from the Lagoon of Venice (1945-2001); (3) trawl-survey data from seven surveys spanning the period 1948-1991 and including Catch per Unit of Effort data (kgh -1 and/or nh -1 ) for 956 hauls performed at 301 stations. The integration of these datasets has already demonstrated to be useful to analyse historical marine community changes over time, and its availability through open-source data portal will facilitate analyses in the framework of marine historical ecology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25974111','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25974111"><span>Mass Mortality Events in the NW <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Phase Shift from Slow- to Fast-Growing Organisms.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Di Camillo, Cristina Gioia; Cerrano, Carlo</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Massive outbreaks are increasing all over the world, which are likely related to climate change. The North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, a sub-basin of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, is a shallow semi-closed <span class="hlt">sea</span> receiving high nutrients inputs from important rivers. These inputs sustain the highest productive basin of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Moreover, this area shows a high number of endemisms probably due to the high diversity of environmental conditions and the conspicuous food availability. Here, we documented two massive mortalities (2009 and 2011) and the pattern of recovery of the affected biocoenoses in the next two years. Results show an impressive and fast shift of the benthic assemblage from a biocoenosis mainly composed of slow-growing and long-lived species to a biocoenosis dominated by fast-growing and short-lived species. The sponge Chondrosia reniformis, one of the key species of this assemblage, which had never been involved in previous massive mortality events in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, reduced its coverage by 70%, and only few small specimens survived. All the damaged sponges, together with many associated organisms, were detached by rough-<span class="hlt">sea</span> conditions, leaving large bare areas on the rocky wall. Almost three years after the disease, the survived specimens of C. reniformis did not increase significantly in size, while the bare areas were colonized by fast-growing species such as stoloniferans, hydrozoans, mussels, algae, serpulids and bryozoans. Cnidarians were more resilient than massive sponges since they quickly recovered in less than one month. In the study area, the last two outbreaks caused a reduction in the filtration efficiency of the local benthic assemblage by over 60%. The analysis of the times series of wave heights and temperature revealed that the conditions in summer 2011 were not so extreme as to justify severe mass mortality, suggesting the occurrence of other factors which triggered the disease. The long-term observations of a benthic assemblage in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712282G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712282G"><span>Variability of PAHs and trace metals in the sediments in relation to environmental characteristics of the bottom layer in the middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grilli, Federica; Frapiccini, Emanuela; Campanelli, Alessandra; Guicciardi, Stefano; Marini, Mauro; Marasovic, Ivona; Grbec, Branka; Skejić, Sanda; Ujević, Ivana; Lušić, Jelena</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>In the framework of the project PERSEUS (Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern EUropean <span class="hlt">Seas</span>), two interdisciplinary surveys were carried out in April 2013 and April 2014 in the middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> along the Pescara-Sibenik transect (Jabuka Pits area) and Vieste-Split transect (Palagruza Sill area) with Croatian research vessel "Bios II" and the Italian research vessel "G. Dallaporta", respectively. The main objective of these research cruises was the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region for collecting physical, chemical and biological data in order to get a better understanding of whole <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> ecosystem. The two transects are already recognised as a key areas for the interception and the study of dense water modification (Zore-Armanda, 1963; Marini et al., 2006; Grilli et al., 2013). Due to seasonal circulation patterns, they are characterized by high temporal variability of the thermohaline structure (Grbec and Morović, 1997; Vilibić, et al., 2004) and other oceanographic parameters. Long term oceanographic records from the Middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> enable better understanding of the ecosystem response to changes of atmospheric and <span class="hlt">sea</span> conditions through physical, chemical and biological processes (Marasović et al., 1995). Several oceanographic parameters relevant and useful for the ecosystem assessment of the two areas (temperature, salinity, density, fluorescence, oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll, phyto- and zoo-plankton as well as selected pollutants , trace metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons-PAHs in sediments) were collected. In the present work, the variations of PAHs and trace metals concentration in the marine sediments are presented in relation to the physical and chemical characteristics of the bottom layer. A constant influx of metal induces more intense accumulation of anthropogenic metals, especially Cd, in sediment from Jabuka Pit, and the metal content slightly increases</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1614411B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1614411B"><span>Performance analysis of coupled and uncoupled hydrodynamic and wave models in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Busca, Claudia; Coluccelli, Alessandro; Valentini, Andrea; Benetazzo, Alvise; Bonaldo, Davide; Bortoluzzi, Giovanni; Carniel, Sandro; Falcieri, Francesco; Paccagnella, Tiziana; Ravaioli, Mariangela; Riminucci, Francesco; Sclavo, Mauro; Russo, Aniello</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The complex dynamics of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are the result of geographical position, orography and bathymetry, as well as rivers discharge and meteorological conditions that influence, more strongly, the shallow northern part. Such complexity requires a constant monitoring of marine conditions in order to support several activities (marine resources management, naval operations, emergency management, shipping, tourism, as well as scientific ones). Platforms, buoys and mooring located in <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> supply almost continuously real time punctual information, which can be spatially extended, with some limitations, by drifters and remote sensing. Operational forecasting systems represent valid tools to provide a complete tridimensional coverage of the area, with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The Hydro-Meteo-Clima Service of the Emilia-Romagna Environmental Agency (ARPA-SIMC, Bologna, Italy) and the Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences of Università Politecnica delle Marche (DISVA-UNIVPM, Ancona, Italy), in collaboration with the Institute of Marine Science of the National Research Council (ISMAR-CNR, Italy) operationally run several wave and hydrodynamic models on the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The main implementations are based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), the wave model Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN), and the coupling of the former two models in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) system. Horizontal resolutions of the different systems range from the 2 km of AdriaROMS to the 0.5 km of the recently implemented northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> COAWST. Forecasts are produced every day for the subsequent 72 hour with hourly resolution. All the systems compute the fluxes exchanged through the interface with the atmosphere from the numerical weather prediction system named COSMO-I7, an implementation for Italy of the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) model, at 7 km horizontal resolution. Considering the several operational</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1616839F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1616839F"><span>Towards a coastal ocean forecasting system in Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Northern Ionian <span class="hlt">seas</span> based on unstructured-grid model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Federico, Ivan; Oddo, Paolo; Pinardi, Nadia; Coppini, Giovanni</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Northern Ionian Forecasting System (SANIFS) operational chain is based on a nesting approach. The large scale model for the entire Mediterranean basin (MFS, Mediterranean Forecasting system, operated by INGV, e.g. Tonani et al. 2008, Oddo et al. 2009) provides lateral open boundary conditions to the regional model for <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Ionian <span class="hlt">seas</span> (AIFS, <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Ionian Forecasting System) which provides the open-<span class="hlt">sea</span> fields (initial conditions and lateral open boundary conditions) to SANIFS. The latter, here presented, is a coastal ocean model based on SHYFEM (Shallow HYdrodynamics Finite Element Model) code, which is an unstructured grid, finite element three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (e.g. Umgiesser et al., 2004, Ferrarin et al., 2013). The SANIFS hydrodynamic model component has been designed to provide accurate information of hydrodynamics and active tracer fields in the coastal waters of Southern Eastern Italy (Apulia, Basilicata and Calabria regions), where the model is characterized by a resolution of about of 200-500 m. The horizontal resolution is also accurate in open-<span class="hlt">sea</span> areas, where the elements size is approximately 3 km. During the development phase the model has been initialized and forced at the lateral open boundaries through a full nesting strategy directly with the MFS fields. The heat fluxes has been computed by bulk formulae using as input data the operational analyses of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Short range pre-operational forecast tests have been performed in different seasons to evaluate the robustness of the implemented model in different oceanographic conditions. Model results are validated by means of comparison with MFS operational results and observations. The model is able to reproduce the large-scale oceanographic structures of the area (keeping similar structures of MFS in open <span class="hlt">sea</span>), while in the coastal area significant improvements in terms of reproduced structures and dynamics are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp...30G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp...30G"><span>Long-Term Trends, Variability and Extremes of In Situ <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Surface Temperature Measured Along the Eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coast and its Relationship to Hemispheric Processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grbec, Branka; Matić, Frano; Beg Paklar, Gordana; Morović, Mira; Popović, Ružica; Vilibić, Ivica</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>This paper examines long-term series of in situ <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature (SST) data measured at nine coastal and one open <span class="hlt">sea</span> stations along the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> for the period 1959-2015. Monthly and yearly averages were used to document SST trends and variability, while clustering and connections to hemispheric indices were achieved by applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method. Both PCA and SOM revealed the dominance of temporal changes with respect to the effects of spatial differences in SST anomalies, indicating the prevalence of hemispheric processes over local dynamics, such as bora wind spatial inhomogeneity. SST extremes were connected with blocking atmospheric patterns. A substantial warming between 1979 and 2015, in total exceeding 1 °C, was preceded by a period with a negative SST trend, implying strong multidecadal variability in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. The strongest connection was found between yearly SST and the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, while North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic/West Russia (EAWR) patterns were found to also affect February SST values. Quantification of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> SST and their connection to hemispheric indices allow for more precise projections of future SST, considered to be rather important for <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> thermohaline circulation, biogeochemistry and fisheries, and sensitive to ongoing climate change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4993G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4993G"><span>Historical ecology of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Down-core changes in molluscan death assemblages as indicators of ecological shifts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gallmetzer, Ivo; Haselmair, Alexandra; Tomasovych, Adam; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Modern marine ecological studies investigating ecosystem responses to environmental changes are normally restricted to annual or decadal time scales. The historical ecology approach used in the present study aims to shed light on the younger ecological history of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, targeting the period of the last 500 to 2000 years that have experienced major anthropogenic ecosystem impacts. Our investigations focus on down-core changes in death assemblages of benthic hard-part producers (molluscs, foraminifera, ostracods), where the degree of variation between different community structures serves as a proxy for ecological shifts. The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, with its densely populated shoreline, lists among the most degraded marine ecosystems worldwide and is therefore particularly suited to study ecosystem modification under human pressure. Another advantage of this study area is the availability of historical data from marine surveys dating back to the 1930s.We incorporate these data in our analyses of more recent ecological shifts. More than 50 cores of 1.5 m length and diameters of 90 and 160 mm were taken at seven sampling stations throughout the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, covering different sediment types, nutrient conditions and degrees of exposure to bottom trawling. The cores were sliced into smaller subsamples and analysed for species composition, abundance, taxonomic similarity, evidence for ecological interactions (i.e., frequencies of drilling predation) and taphonomic condition of shells. First results concerning down-core changes in species composition and abundance point to significant differences within single cores as well as between sites. The radiometric dating of the sediments revealed substantial differences in sedimentation rates and in the ratio between sediment depth and age. This information, together with carbon-calibrated amino acid- racemisation (AAR) of shells from selected species, will help to specify the timing of major</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5595044','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5595044"><span>Fish and fishery historical data since the 19th century in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Mediterranean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fortibuoni, Tomaso; Libralato, Simone; Arneri, Enrico; Giovanardi, Otello; Solidoro, Cosimo; Raicevich, Saša</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Historic data on biodiversity provide the context for present observations and allow studying long-term changes in marine populations. Here we present multiple datasets on fish and fisheries of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> covering the last two centuries encompassing from qualitative observations to standardised scientific monitoring. The datasets consist of three groups: (1) early naturalists’ descriptions of fish fauna, including information (e.g., presence, perceived abundance, size) on 255 fish species for the period 1818–1936; (2) historical landings from major Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> fish markets (Venice, Trieste, Rijeka) for the period 1902–1968, Italian official landings for the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (1953–2012) and landings from the Lagoon of Venice (1945–2001); (3) trawl-survey data from seven surveys spanning the period 1948–1991 and including Catch per Unit of Effort data (kgh−1 and/or nh−1) for 956 hauls performed at 301 stations. The integration of these datasets has already demonstrated to be useful to analyse historical marine community changes over time, and its availability through open-source data portal will facilitate analyses in the framework of marine historical ecology. PMID:28895949</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20012898','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20012898"><span>Submarine wastewater discharges: dispersion modelling in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scroccaro, Isabella; Ostoich, Marco; Umgiesser, Georg; De Pascalis, Francesca; Colugnati, Luigi; Mattassi, Giorgio; Vazzoler, Marina; Cuomo, Marco</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>-marine forcings and concentration values at the points corresponding to the positions of the submarine outfalls. Model results show that during autumn 2007 the discharges of the submarine outfalls of the Venice province seem to have no impact on the surface water quality, while there are some visible effects in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste. This reflects the behaviour of the experimental data collected by ARPAV and ARPA FVG and monitoring campaigns both on water and shellfish quality. Further results have been elaborated to identify the area of influence of each discharge point; scenarios were developed with imposed concentrations. The results seem to highlight that the two discharges of the Veneto region are not noticeable, while the discharges of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (in particular the Servola and Barcola ones) are perceptible. This study represents a new step towards the study of the microbiological pollution dispersion and impact due to the discharges of the submarine outfalls of the Veneto and Friuli Venezia-Giulia regions (nine considered discharge points). With the 3D version of the finite element model SHYFEM, the information obtained from the hydrodynamic circulation has been linked to the classical methods of analysis, to assess possible risks connected to the microbiological parameter Escherichia coli. In future studies the time scale for microbiological parameters' decay could be linked to various environmental parameters such as light climate, temperature, and salinity. Interesting information would come from the study of new scenarios with different configurations of the discharge of the pipelines and/or the treatment plants and in particular from the improvements of the 3D version of the SHYFEM model, to take the stratification process into account which occurs during spring-summer, since the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a very complex ecosystem, both as physical and ecological processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17121008','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17121008"><span>Marine radioecology and waste management in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Franić, Zdenko; Petrinec, Branko</p> <p>2006-09-01</p> <p>This paper gives a review of marine radioecology research in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> area carried out by the Radiation Protection Unit of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health. Measurements of radioactivity in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> started in 1963 as a part of an extended monitoring programme of radioactivity in Croatian environment. The main sources of radioactive contamination of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are the fallout from past nuclear weapon testing conducted in the atmosphere and the Chernobyl accident. In 2005, the activity concentrations of fission radionuclides were detectable at very low levels in all environmental samples collected on the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. The 90Sr data obtained from long-term monitoring were used to estimate the upper limit of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> seawater turnover time, which turned out to be (3.4 +/- 0.4) years. Detailed knowledge about seawater circulation, including the turnover time is essential for planning an overall communal and other wastewater management on the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast. The paper concludes with the prospects for future marine radioecological investigations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JAfES..43..334B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JAfES..43..334B"><span>The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Basins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bosworth, William; Huchon, Philippe; McClay, Ken</p> <p>2005-10-01</p> <p>We here summarize the evolution of the greater Red <span class="hlt">Sea-Gulf</span> of Aden rift system, which includes the <span class="hlt">Gulfs</span> of Suez and Aqaba, the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden marine basins and their continental margins, and the Afar region. Plume related basaltic trap volcanism began in Ethiopia, NE Sudan (Derudeb), and SW Yemen at ˜31 Ma, followed by rhyolitic volcanism at ˜30 Ma. Volcanism thereafter spread northward to Harrats Sirat, Hadan, Ishara-Khirsat, and Ar Rahat in western Saudi Arabia. This early magmatism occurred without significant extension, and continued to ˜25 Ma. Much of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden region was at or near <span class="hlt">sea</span> level at this time. Starting between ˜29.9 and 28.7 Ma, marine syn-tectonic sediments were deposited on continental crust in the central <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. At the same time the Horn of Africa became emergent. By ˜27.5-23.8 Ma a small rift basin was forming in the Eritrean Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. At approximately the same time (˜25 Ma), extension and rifting commenced within Afar itself. At ˜24 Ma, a new phase of volcanism, principally basaltic dikes but also layered gabbro and granophyre bodies, appeared nearly synchronously throughout the entire Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, from Afar and Yemen to northern Egypt. This second phase of magmatism was accompanied in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by strong rift-normal extension and deposition of syn-tectonic sediments, mostly of marine and marginal marine affinity. Sedimentary facies were laterally heterogeneous, being comprised of inter-fingering siliciclastics, evaporite, and carbonate. Throughout the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the principal phase of rift shoulder uplift and rapid syn-rift subsidence followed shortly thereafter at ˜20 Ma. Water depths increased dramatically and sedimentation changed to predominantly Globigerina-rich marl and deepwater limestone. Within a few million years of its initiation in the mid-Oligocene the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden continental rift linked the Owen fracture zone (oceanic crust) with the Afar plume. The principal driving force for extension</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1915048B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1915048B"><span>Framing topographic Rossby waves in the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bonaldo, Davide; Orlic, Mirko; Bergamasco, Andrea; Benetazzo, Alvise; Carniel, Sandro</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Topographic Rossby Waves (TRWs) are oscillatory phenomena associated with modulations induced by seabed morphology in the potential vorticity field. These features could be confined to a single layer or could involve the whole water column, and they are controlled by a combination of the bathymetric gradient and the uniform rotation in the same way as planetary Rossby waves are controlled by the meridional modulation of the Coriolis parameter. In terms of deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> circulation, TRWs provide a fundamental contribution by radiating large amounts of energy along and off a continental shelf. Under favorable conditions TRWs can be triggered by a number of factors, such as intense vorticity injections from the wind or the bathymetric perturbations - e.g., a promontory or a canyon crossing the path of a current. In this work we combine observational data and numerical model fields for detecting the presence of TRWs along the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Margin (SAM, Eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) and investigating their dynamics during an episode of dense water downflow in spring 2012. Starting from the observation of high-intensity velocity pulses with a period of approximately 2 days, we carry out a sequence of operations on the results of a high-resolution, ocean currents-waves coupled numerical modelling experiment aiming to reproduce dense water formation and migration in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in winter-spring 2012. First, we apply a wavelet analysis to modelled velocity time series at several locations off the Italian coast and along the SAM in order to identify the spatial and temporal extent of the pulsing episodes. Then, the properties of the oscillations are assessed via rotary analysis; the propagation of the band-filtered signal along the continental margin is characterized by extracting wave length and propagation velocity, therefore allowing the comparison against theoretical dispersion relations associated with the bathymetry of the SAM. Our results show that the observed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005GMS...161..111D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005GMS...161..111D"><span><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Atlantic coast <span class="hlt">sea</span> level change</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Douglas, Bruce C.</p> <p></p> <p>Twentieth-century relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise shows considerable variability along the U.S. East and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coasts. Local rates of rise lie in the range of about 1.5 to more than 4 mm per year for records from Key West, Florida, to New York City. Rates of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico can be much higher. In Texas and Louisiana, long-term water levels are rising up to about 10 mm per year. This is having disastrous consequences in the form of wetlands loss in the region, estimated to be as much as 65 km2 per year in the Mississippi Delta area of Louisiana alone. Beach erosion is also significant along both the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and Atlantic coasts, resulting in ever-increasing exposure of fixed structures to the damaging impacts of storms. The especially high rates of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise in Louisiana and Texas are a result of their particular geomorphology, and anthropogenic alterations in the form of sediment diversion and withdrawal of underground fluids. The average long-term local rate of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise on the rest of the U.S. East and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coasts when corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment is about 2 mm per year, in conformity with 20th century global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. U.S. East and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coast tide gauge records also have regionally coherent low frequency (decadal and longer) variations that need to be understood because of their impact on wetlands loss, and to enable accurate determination of long-term trends of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JGRC..118.3999M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JGRC..118.3999M"><span>A nonstationary analysis for the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> extreme <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Masina, Marinella; Lamberti, Alberto</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>The historical data from the Trieste, Venice, Porto Corsini, and Rimini tide gauges have been used to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in extreme high water levels in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. A detailed analysis of annual mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level evolution at the three longest operating stations shows a coherent behavior both on a regional and global scale. A slight increase in magnitude of extreme water elevations, after the removal of the regularized annual mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level necessary to eliminate the effect of local subsidence and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, is found at the Venice and Porto Corsini stations. It seems to be mainly associated with a wind regime change occurred in the 1990s, due to an intensification of Bora wind events after their decrease in frequency and intensity during the second half of the 20th century. The extreme values, adjusted for the annual mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level trend, are modeled using a time-dependent GEV distribution. The inclusion of seasonality in the GEV parameters considerably improves the data fitting. The interannual fluctuations of the detrended monthly maxima exhibit a significant correlation with the variability of the large-scale atmospheric circulation represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation indices. The different coast exposure to the Bora and Sirocco winds and their seasonal character explain the various seasonal patterns of extreme <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels observed at the tide gauges considered in the present analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5949B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5949B"><span>Comparison of hydrothermal activity between the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> rift margins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ball, Philip; Incerpi, Nicolò; Birkle, Peter; Lacsamana, Elizabeth; Manatschal, Gianreto; Agar, Susan; Zhang, Shuo; Borsato, Ron</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Detailed field studies, and access to high-quality seismic reflection and refraction data have led to an improved understanding of the architecture and evolution of magma poor and magma rich margins. Associated with the spatial-temporal evolution of the rift, it is evident that there are evolving, extensive, fluid-rock interactions due to the infiltration of fluids within the sediment, basement and lithospheric mantle. Key questions therefore arise: What are the different fluid-rock reactions that can be typed to different geodynamic stages of the rift evolution? What are their compositions and how do they interact with their environment (basement, sediments, evaporites, hydrosphere, and magmatism)? What are the implications for the evolution of the margin rheology, thermal structure, depositional environments/organic matter maturity, and reservoir quality? The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> paleo-rifted margin is preserved in both SE Switzerland and northern Italy. The field exposures provide a unique opportunity to study the fluid flow history of a hyperextended magma poor extensional margin. Analysis of breccias, cement veins and replacement minerals reveal that the margin records a complex, long-lasting history of dolomitization, calcification and silicification during the Jurassic rifting. The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by contrast is a young rifted margin. It differs from the paleo-<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> margin by several characteristics: volcanism is more evident, and syn-tectonic sediments, including evaporites (halite and anhydrite) are thicker. Several core and fluid samples are available from both onshore and offshore wells, which reveal rift-related hydrothermal alteration. In addition, we find evidence for the presence of an extreme dynamic hydraulic system with infiltration of surface water into sub-salt units during Late Pleistocene. In this study we present results from petrographic and geochemical analysis of basement and sedimentary rocks from <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> field-derived samples and core/subsurface fluid</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5788366','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5788366"><span>Elasmobranch bycatch in the Italian <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> pelagic trawl fishery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fortuna, Caterina Maria; Moro, Fabrizio; Sala, Antonello</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Elasmobranchs are among the most threatened long-lived marine species worldwide, and incidental capture is a major source of mortality. The northern central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, though one of the most overfished basins of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, supports a very valuable marine biodiversity, including elasmobranchs. This study assesses the impact of the northern central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> pelagic trawl fishery on common smooth-hound (Mustelus mustelus), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), common eagle ray (Myliobatis aquila), and pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) by examining incidental catches recorded between 2006 and 2015. The distribution of bycatch events was evaluated using geo-referenced data. Generalized Linear Models were computed to standardize the catch of the four species and to predict the relative abundance of bycatch events. Data analysis shows that most bycatch events involving all four species occurred in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The models predicted significant, distinct temporal patterns of standardized catches in line with previous investigations. Water depth, season, and fishing region were the best predictors to explain bycatch events. The present data suggest that the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> may be an important nursery area for several elasmobranchs. They also highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of the interactions between elasmobranchs and fisheries to develop and apply suitable, ad hoc management measures. PMID:29377920</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377920','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377920"><span>Elasmobranch bycatch in the Italian <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> pelagic trawl fishery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bonanomi, Sara; Pulcinella, Jacopo; Fortuna, Caterina Maria; Moro, Fabrizio; Sala, Antonello</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Elasmobranchs are among the most threatened long-lived marine species worldwide, and incidental capture is a major source of mortality. The northern central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, though one of the most overfished basins of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, supports a very valuable marine biodiversity, including elasmobranchs. This study assesses the impact of the northern central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> pelagic trawl fishery on common smooth-hound (Mustelus mustelus), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), common eagle ray (Myliobatis aquila), and pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) by examining incidental catches recorded between 2006 and 2015. The distribution of bycatch events was evaluated using geo-referenced data. Generalized Linear Models were computed to standardize the catch of the four species and to predict the relative abundance of bycatch events. Data analysis shows that most bycatch events involving all four species occurred in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The models predicted significant, distinct temporal patterns of standardized catches in line with previous investigations. Water depth, season, and fishing region were the best predictors to explain bycatch events. The present data suggest that the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> may be an important nursery area for several elasmobranchs. They also highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of the interactions between elasmobranchs and fisheries to develop and apply suitable, ad hoc management measures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NHESS..17...45F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NHESS..17...45F"><span>Coastal ocean forecasting with an unstructured grid model in the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and northern Ionian <span class="hlt">seas</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Federico, Ivan; Pinardi, Nadia; Coppini, Giovanni; Oddo, Paolo; Lecci, Rita; Mossa, Michele</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>SANIFS (Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System) is a coastal-ocean operational system based on the unstructured grid finite-element three-dimensional hydrodynamic SHYFEM model, providing short-term forecasts. The operational chain is based on a downscaling approach starting from the large-scale system for the entire Mediterranean Basin (MFS, Mediterranean Forecasting System), which provides initial and boundary condition fields to the nested system. The model is configured to provide hydrodynamics and active tracer forecasts both in open ocean and coastal waters of southeastern Italy using a variable horizontal resolution from the open <span class="hlt">sea</span> (3-4 km) to coastal areas (50-500 m). Given that the coastal fields are driven by a combination of both local (also known as coastal) and deep-ocean forcings propagating along the shelf, the performance of SANIFS was verified both in forecast and simulation mode, first (i) on the large and shelf-coastal scales by comparing with a large-scale survey CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto and then (ii) on the coastal-harbour scale (Mar Grande of Taranto) by comparison with CTD, ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler) and tide gauge data. Sensitivity tests were performed on initialization conditions (mainly focused on spin-up procedures) and on surface boundary conditions by assessing the reliability of two alternative datasets at different horizontal resolution (12.5 and 6.5 km). The SANIFS forecasts at a lead time of 1 day were compared with the MFS forecasts, highlighting that SANIFS is able to retain the large-scale dynamics of MFS. The large-scale dynamics of MFS are correctly propagated to the shelf-coastal scale, improving the forecast accuracy (+17 % for temperature and +6 % for salinity compared to MFS). Moreover, the added value of SANIFS was assessed on the coastal-harbour scale, which is not covered by the coarse resolution of MFS, where the fields forecasted by SANIFS</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710443Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710443Z"><span>Microbial processes and organic priority substances in marine coastal sediments (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zoppini, Annamaria; Ademollo, Nicoletta; Amalfitano, Stefano; Dellisanti, Walter; Lungarini, Silvia; Miserocchi, Stefano; Patrolecco, Luisa; Langone, Leonardo</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>PERSEUS EU FP7 Project aims to identify the interacting patterns of natural and human-derived pressures to assess their impact on marine ecosystems and, using the objectives and principles of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as a vehicle, to design an effective and innovative research governance framework based on sound scientific knowledge. In the frame of this Project (subtask 1.3.3 ADREX: <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Ionian <span class="hlt">Seas</span> Experiment), monitoring surveys were conducted in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Italy) in order to study the variation of structural and functional characteristics of native bacterial communities and the occurrence of selected classes of organic priority substances in sediments. The study area represents a good natural laboratory sensitive to climate variability and human pressure, owing to the semi-enclosed nature of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and to the increasing trend of human activities in the coastal regions. During the cruise ADRI-13 (November 2013) and ADRI-14 (October 2014) we sampled several coastal sites from the mouth of the Po River to the Otranto strait. Surface sediments were collected in all areas, while sediment cores were sampled in selected sites. Microbes associated with marine sediments play an important role in the C-flux being responsible for the transformation of organic detritus (autochthonous and allochthonous) into biomass. The sediment bacterial abundance was determined by epifluorescence microscopy and the rate of bacterial carbon production by measuring the 3H-leucine uptake rates. The community respiration rate was estimated by the measurement of the electron transport system (ETS) activity. The sediment contamination level was determined by measuring the concentration of contaminants included in the list of organic priority substances: PAHs, bisphenol A (BPA), alkylphenols (APs). The extraction/clean-up of PAHs, BPA and APs was performed by ultrasonic bath with the appropriate solvents, followed by analytical determination with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23079700','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23079700"><span>Environmental impacts of tourism in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gladstone, William; Curley, Belinda; Shokri, Mohammad Reza</p> <p>2013-07-30</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> possess diverse coastal and marine environments that support rapidly expanding mass tourism. Despite the associated environmental risks, there is no analysis of the tourism-related literature or recent analysis of impacts. Environmental issues reported in 101 publications (25 from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, 76 from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) include 61 purported impacts (27 from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, 45 from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> literature includes quantitative studies (68% publications) and reviews (32%), and addresses mostly land reclamation and artificial habitats. Most <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> studies come from Iran and UAE (64%). Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> literature includes quantitative studies (81%) and reviews (11%), with most studies occurring in Egypt (70%). The most published topics relate to coral breakage and its management. A full account of tourism's environmental impacts is constrained by limited tourism data, confounding of impacts with other coastal developments, lack of baseline information, shifting baselines, and fragmentation of research across disciplines. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917596C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917596C"><span>Benthic contributions to <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Mediterranean biogeochemical cycles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Capet, Arthur; Lazzari, Paolo; Spagnoli, Federico; Bolzon, Giorgio; Solidoro, Cosimo</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The 3D biogeochemical BFM-OGSTM implementation currently exploited operationally in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Services Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Monitoring and Forecasting Centre (CMEMS-Med-MFC; Lazzari et al., 2010) has been complemented with a benthic component. The approach followed that of (Capet et al 2016) and involved a vertically integrated benthic module accounting for the effect of environmental bottom conditions on diagenetic rates (aerobic mineralization, denitrification, nitrification) through transfer functions as well as the effect of waves and bottom currents on sediment deposition and resuspension. A balanced climatological year is simulated for various values of the resuspension parameters, using specifically calibrated transfer functions for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and generic formulations for the rest of the Mediterranean basin. The results serves the mapping of distinct provinces of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> based on the benthic contributions biogeochemical budgets and the seasonal variability of benthic-pelagic fluxes. The differences with the non-benthic reference simulation are highlighted in details regarding the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, and more generally for the entire Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Lazzari, P., Teruzzi, A., Salon, S., Campagna, S., Calonaci, C., Colella, S., Tonani, M., Crise, A. (2010). Pre-operational short-term forecasts for Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> biogeochemistry. Ocean Science, 6(1), 25-39. Capet, A., Meysman, F. J., Akoumianaki, I., Soetaert, K., & Grégoire, M. (2016). Integrating sediment biogeochemistry into 3D oceanic models: A study of benthic-pelagic coupling in the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Ocean Modelling, 101, 83-100.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA474282','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA474282"><span>Multi-Model Super-Ensemble Ocean Prediction: An Operational Example Using a Kalman Filter in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>0602435N 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Michel Rixen, Jeffery W. Book, Paul J. Martin, Nadia Pinardi, Paolo Oddo, Jacopo Chiggiato , Nello Russo 5e. TASK...PREDICTION: AN OPERATIONAL EXAMPLE USING A KALMAN FILTER IN THE <span class="hlt">ADRIATIC</span> <span class="hlt">SEA</span> M. Rixen J, . Book 2, P. Martin 2, N. Pinardi 3, p. Oddo 3, j. Chiggiato ’, N</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ECSS...77..113C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ECSS...77..113C"><span>Microphytobenthic primary production as 14C uptake in sublittoral sediments of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>): Methodological aspects and data analyses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cibic, Tamara; Blasutto, Oriana; Burba, Nicoletta; Fonda Umani, Serena</p> <p>2008-03-01</p> <p>From January 2003 to December 2004 microphytobenthic primary production was estimated both from in situ (MPPs) and in the laboratory (MPPp) 14C-incubation of slurries collected in a coastal site of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). MPPs values varied from -7.54 ± 3.12 to 34.59 ± 7.66 mg C m -2 h -1 over the whole period. The lowest MPPs were observed in November 2003 and August 2004, while the highest MPPs in July 2003 and May 2004, in correspondence with high PAR at the bottom. Significant correlations between MPPs and the microphytobenthic biomass (BIOM) ( r = 0.75, p < 0.001), between MPPs and PAR at the bottom ( r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and between MPPs and OXY ( r = 0.50, p < 0.05) were revealed. MPPp values were higher than MPPs ones in 15 out of 23 observations, with the highest MPPp recorded in July 2003. At 17 m depth a seasonal pattern of sampling months was revealed by the cluster analysis. The role of abiotic parameters in determining this seasonal pattern was highlighted by the PCA, with the first axis correlated with MPPs and PAR, and the second one with temperature. Applying the fuzzy sets it resulted that spring months showed a higher degree of membership with MPPs, summer months with temperature and autumn-winter months with OXY. The microphytobenthic community did not seem to be photosynthetically active throughout the study period. From August-September to December low or negative MPPs values were recorded. We infer that during these months a shift from the autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism of the benthic microalgae occurred in correspondence with low PAR and/or high temperature at the bottom. Despite the progressive lowering of the trophy of the study area occurred during the last 20 years, we found higher primary production values than those estimated two decades earlier.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS..115....1G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS..115....1G"><span>Recent changes in the marine ecosystems of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Giani, Michele; Djakovac, Tamara; Degobbis, Danilo; Cozzi, Stefano; Solidoro, Cosimo; Umani, Serena Fonda</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>This review of studies on long term series on river discharges, oceanographic features, plankton, fish and benthic compartments, collected since the 1970s revealed significant changes of mechanisms and trophic structures in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> ecosystems. A gradual increase of eutrophication pressure occurred during the 1970s until the mid 1980s, followed by a reversal of the trend, particularly marked in the 2000s. This trend was ascribed to the combination of a reduction of the anthropogenic impact, mainly due to a substantial decrease of the phosphorus loads, and of climatic modifications, resulting in a decline of atmospheric precipitations and, consequently, of the runoff in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Significant decreases of the phytoplankton abundances were observed after the mid 1980s, concurrently with changes in the species composition of the communities, with an evident shift toward smaller cells or organism sizes. Moreover, changes in the zooplankton community were also observed. A decrease of demersal fishes, top predators and small pelagic fishes was ascribed to both overfishing and a demise of eutrophication. Macrozoobenthic communities slowly recovered in the last two decades after the anoxia events of the 1970s and 1980s. An increasing number of non-autochthonous species has been recorded in the last decades moreover the increasing seawater temperature facilitated the spreading of thermophilic species.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.5785R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.5785R"><span>Low dissolved oxygen and its impact on benthic assemblages and ecosystem function in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> - an experimental approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Riedel, Bettina; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>No other environmental parameter in shallow coastal ecosystems worldwide has changed as dramatically as dissolved oxygen (DO). Nearly 400 hypoxic (<2 ml l-1) and anoxic areas have been identified and the number is expected to increase. Such "dead zones" cause cascading effects from the molecular to the ecosystem level. Ultimately, biodiversity loss and disrupted ecosystem function (e.g. filter- and suspension-feeding capacity, bioturbation) can change structurally complex and diverse benthic and pelagic communities into far simpler, depauperated ones (homogenization). The Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a recognized case study for repeated seasonal low DO events. The onset and extent of catastrophic events, however, is difficult to predict, hindering full documentation in the field. Present knowledge about the behavioural responses and mortalities of benthic organisms is not commensurate with the crucial role this fauna plays in coastal ecosystems. Our research strives to learn about system function by studying system dysfunction Using a specially developed underwater-chamber (EAGU) - equipped with camera, flashes and a sensor array - we experimentally recreate small-scale anoxias in a community setting. In a first project we focused on the well-developed macroepifauna in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste, Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. The in situ experiments successfully mimicked full-scale low DO events and revealed a clear sequence of species-specific behaviours and mortalities correlated to specific oxygen thresholds. The present project will incorporate key representatives of the macroinfauna and meiofauna and will include sediment geochemistry. We will also take the EAGU concept one step further by evaluating post-anoxia developments such as decomposition, scavenging/predation and the recovery of the benthos as a whole. This yield of new details (e.g. never observed behaviours and interactions, i.e. predator-prey interactions), at a finer and more nuanced scale of resolution than ever</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26774440','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26774440"><span>Regional approach to modeling the transport of floating plastic debris in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liubartseva, S; Coppini, G; Lecci, R; Creti, S</p> <p>2016-02-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> surface concentrations of plastics and their fluxes onto coastlines are simulated over 2009-2015. Calculations incorporate combinations of terrestrial and maritime litter inputs, the Lagrangian model MEDSLIK-II forced by AFS ocean current simulations, and ECMWF wind analyses. With a relatively short particle half-life of 43.7 days, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is defined as a highly dissipative basin where the shoreline is, by construction, the main sink of floating debris. Our model results show that the coastline of the Po Delta receives a plastic flux of approximately 70 kg(km day)(-1). The most polluted <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface area (>10 g km(-2) floating debris) is represented by an elongated band shifted to the Italian coastline and narrowed from northwest to southeast. Evident seasonality is found in the calculated plastic concentration fields and the coastline fluxes. Complex source-receptor relationships among the basin's subregions are quantified in impact matrices. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AdSR...14...77B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AdSR...14...77B"><span>Sensitivity of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level forecasting to the horizontal resolution and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface forcing for different configurations of an oceanographic model of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bressan, Lidia; Valentini, Andrea; Paccagnella, Tiziana; Montani, Andrea; Marsigli, Chiara; Stefania Tesini, Maria</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>At the Hydro-meteo-climate service of the Regional environmental agency of Emilia-Romagna, Italy (Arpae-SIMC), the oceanographic numerical model AdriaROMS is used in the operational forecasting suite to compute <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, temperature, salinity and 3-D current fields of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (northern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). In order to evaluate the performance of the <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level forecast and to study different configurations of the ROMS model, two marine storms occurred on the Emilia Romagna coast during the winter 2015-2016 are investigated. The main focus of this study is to analyse the sensitivity of the model to the horizontal resolution and to the meteorological forcing. To this end, the model is run with two different configurations and with two horizontal grids at 1 and 2 km resolution. To study the influence of the meteorological forcing, the two storms have been reproduced by running ROMS in ensemble mode, forced by the 16-members of the meteorological ensemble COSMO-LEPS system. Possible optimizations of the model set-up are deduced by the comparison of the different run outputs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA462744','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA462744"><span>Internal Tidal Hydrodynamics and Ambient Characteristics of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (ITHACA)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2006-12-31</p> <p>document atmospheric conditions along the line extending from the coast to the open <span class="hlt">sea</span>. 2.1. Measuring sites Position of meteorological measuring sites...idealized case, they are perpendicular to the straight shoreline. However, along the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> irregularly shaped coast there is a number of...Cvitan, 2003; Belusic et al., 2004; Belusic and Klaic, 2004, 2006), southwestward, downslope windstorm , which frequently blows over the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1384M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1384M"><span>Gas seepage in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matilde Ferrante, Giulia; Donda, Federica; Volpi, Valentina; Tinivella, Umberta</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>In the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the occurrence of gas seepage has been widely documented. However, the origin of seeping gas was not clearly constrained. Geophysical data with different scale of resolution, i.e. multichannel seismic profiles, CHIRP and morpho-bathymetry data collected in 2009 and 2014 by OGS reveal that several the gas-enriched fluid vents are deeply rooted. In fact, the entire Plio-Quaternary succession is characterized by widespread seismic anomalies represented by wipe-out zones and interpreted as gas chimneys. They commonly root at the base of the Pliocene sequence but also within the Paleogene succession, where they appear to be associated to deep-seated, Mesozoic-to-Paleogene faults. These chimneys originate and terminate at different stratigraphic levels; they also commonly reach the seafloor, where rock outcrops interpreted as authigenic carbonate deposits have been recognized. In places, gas is then capable to escape in the water column as shown by numerous gas flares. On going studies are addressed to: 1. re-examining the structural setting of the study area, in order to verify a possible structural control on chimney distribution and gas migration; 2. performing geochemical analysis on gas which have been sampled in some key emission points; 3. a quantitative analysis of some selected boreholes well logs (made available through the public VidePi database (www.videpi.com)) aimed to estimate the amount of gas present in sediments. This work presents the preliminary results regarding the latter aspect of our research. In a first instance, for each selected borehole the geophysical logs have been digitized. This procedure consists in a manual picking of curves, in a set system of reference. Static corrections for vertical offset are made at this stage. Logs are then divided by type and converted in common scales, amplifications and units. Every log is resampled in order to cut high frequencies not useful in the comparison with seismic data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16318867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16318867"><span>Interannual variability of surface heat fluxes in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in the period 1998-2001 and comparison with observations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chiggiato, Jacopo; Zavatarelli, Marco; Castellari, Sergio; Deserti, Marco</p> <p>2005-12-15</p> <p>Surface heat fluxes of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are estimated for the period 1998-2001 through bulk formulae with the goal to assess the uncertainties related to their estimations and to describe their interannual variability. In addition a comparison to observations is conducted. We computed the components of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface heat budget by using two different operational meteorological data sets as inputs: the ECMWF operational analysis and the regional limited area model LAMBO operational forecast. Both results are consistent with previous long-term climatology and short-term analyses present in the literature. In both cases we obtained that the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> loses 26 W/m2 on average, that is consistent with the assessments found in the literature. Then we conducted a comparison with observations of the radiative components of the heat budget collected on offshore platforms and one coastal station. In the case of shortwave radiation, results show a little overestimation on the annual basis. Values obtained in this case are 172 W/m2 when using ECMWF data and 169 W/m2 when using LAMBO data. The use of either Schiano's or Gilman's and Garrett's corrections help to get even closer values. More difficult is to assess the comparison in the case of longwave radiation, with relative errors of an order of 10-20%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=344899','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=344899"><span>New data on Eimeria dicentrarchi (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a common parasite of farmed European <span class="hlt">sea</span> bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the mid-eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This study extends the original description of Eimeria dicentrarchi Daoudi and Marquès, 1987, a common coccidian parasite of European <span class="hlt">sea</span> bass from the mid-eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, by providing insights into the parasite’s site of infection, development and pathogenicity. E. dicentrarchi was found in vario...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1511613S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1511613S"><span>Spatial and temporal variability of thermohaline properties in the Bay of Koper (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soczka Mandac, Rok; Žagar, Dušan; Faganeli, Jadran</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>In this study influence of fresh water discharge on the spatial and temporal variability of thermohaline (TH) conditions is explored for the Bay of Koper (Bay). The Bay is subject to different driving agents: wind stress (bora, sirocco), tidal and seiches effect, buoyancy fluxes, general circulation of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and discharge of the Rizana and Badaševica rivers. These rivers have torrential characteristics that are hard to forecast in relation to meteorological events (precipitation). Therefore, during episodic events the spatial and temporal variability of TH properties in the Bay is difficult to determine [1]. Measurements of temperature, salinity and turbidity were conducted monthly on 35 sampling points in the period: June 2011 - December 2012. The data were processed and spatial interpolated with an objective analysis method. Furthermore, empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF) [2] was applied to investigate spatial and temporal TH variations. Strong horizontal and vertical stratification was observed in the beginning of June 2011 due to high fresh water discharge of the Rizana (31 m3/s) and Badaševica (2 m3/s) rivers. The horizontal gradient (ΔT = 6°C) was noticed near the mouth of the Rizana river. Similar pattern was identified for salinity field on the boundary of the front where the gradient was ΔS = 20 PSU. Vertical temperature gradient was ΔT = 4°C while salinity gradient was ΔS = 18 PSU in the subsurface layer at depth of 3 m. Spatial analysis of the first principal component (86% of the total variance) shows uniform temperature distribution in the surface layer (1m) during the studied period. Furthermore, temporal variability of temperature shows seasonal variation with a minimum in February and maximum in August. This confirms that episodic events have a negligible effect on spatial and temporal variation of temperature in the subsurface layer. Further analysis will include application of EOF on the salinity, density and total</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMS...173...81S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMS...173...81S"><span>Impact of the 3 °C temperature rise on bacterial growth and carbon transfer towards higher trophic levels: Empirical models for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Šolić, Mladen; Krstulović, Nada; Šantić, Danijela; Šestanović, Stefanija; Kušpilić, Grozdan; Bojanić, Natalia; Ordulj, Marin; Jozić, Slaven; Vrdoljak, Ana</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (including the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) has been identified as a 'hotspot' for climate change, with the prediction of the increase in water temperature of 2-4 °C over the next few decades. Being mainly oligotrophic, and strongly phosphorus limited, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is characterized by the important role of the microbial food web in production and transfer of biomass and energy towards higher trophic levels. We hypothesized that predicted 3 °C temperature rise in the near future might cause an increase of bacterial production and bacterial losses to grazers, which could significantly enlarge the trophic base for metazoans. This empirical study is based on a combined 'space-for-time substitution' analysis (which is performed on 3583 data sets) and on an experimental approach (36 in situ grazing experiments performed at different temperatures). It showed that the predicted 3 °C temperature increase (which is a result of global warming) in the near future could cause a significant increase in bacterial growth at temperatures lower than 16 °C (during the colder winter-spring period, as well as in the deeper layers). The effect of temperature on bacterial growth could be additionally doubled in conditions without phosphorus limitation. Furthermore, a 3 °C increase in temperature could double the grazing on bacteria by heterotrophic nanoflagellate (HNF) and ciliate predators and it could increase the proportion of bacterial production transferred to the metazoan food web by 42%. Therefore, it is expected that global warming may further strengthen the role of the microbial food web in a carbon cycle in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031996','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031996"><span>February 2003 marine atmospheric conditions and the bora over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dorman, C.E.; Carniel, S.; Cavaleri, L.; Sclavo, M.; Chiggiato, J.; Doyle, J.; Haack, T.; Pullen, J.; Grbec, B.; Vilibic, I.; Janekovic, I.; Lee, C.; Malacic, V.; Orlic, M.; Paschini, E.; Russo, A.; Signell, R.P.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>A winter oceanographic field experiment provided an opportunity to examine the atmospheric marine conditions over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Mean February winds are from a northeasterly direction over most of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and a more northerly direction along the western coast. Wind speeds are fastest in jets over the NE coast during bora events and weakest in the mid-northwestern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Diurnal air temperature cycles are smallest on the NE coast and largest in the midwestern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. The maximum <span class="hlt">sea</span>-air difference is +10??C on the eastern coast and near zero on the midwestern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Boras are northeasterly (from) wind events that sweep off Croatia and Slovenia, bringing slightly colder and drier air over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. The main bora season is December to March. Winter 2002-2003 was normal for bora events. Synoptic-scale temporal variations are correlated over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Fastest Bora winds and highest wind stress over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> is concentrated in four topographically controlled jets. The strongest is the Senj Jet, while the Trieste Jet extends across the entire northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Between each two jets is a weak wind zone. The greatest mean net heat loss is in bora jets in the NE <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, where it was -438 W m-2 and is weakest in the midwestern northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, where it was near zero. Wind stress is concentrated over the NE half of <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> in four bora jets, while wind stress is weak in the NW <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. There is significant variation in wind stress mean and standard deviation structure over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> with each bora event. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1114110T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1114110T"><span>Carbon Dioxide in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Turk, D.; Malacic, V.; Degrandpre, M. D.; McGillis, W. R.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Coastal marine regions such as the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (GOT) in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> serve as the link between carbon cycling on land and the ocean interior and potentially contribute large uncertainties in the estimate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake. This system may be either a sink or a source for atmospheric CO2. Understanding the sources and sinks as a result of biological and physical controls for air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> carbon dioxide fluxes in coastal waters may substantially alter the current view of the global carbon budget for unique terrestrial and ocean regions such as the GOT. GOT is a semi-enclosed Mediterranean basin situated in the northern part of <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. It is one of the most productive regions in the Mediterranean and is affected by extreme fresh river input, phytoplankton blooms, and large changes of air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> exchange during Bora high wind events. The unique combination of these environmental processes and relatively small size of the area makes the region an excellent study site for investigations of air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interaction, and changes in biology and carbon chemistry. Here we investigate biological (phytoplankton blooms) and physical (freshwater input and winds) controls on the temporal variability of pCO2 in the GOT. The aqueous CO2 was measured at the Coastal Oceanographic buoy VIDA, Slovenia using the SAMI CO2 sensor. Our results indicate that: 1) The GOT was a sink for atmospheric CO2 in late spring of 2007; 2) Aqueous pCO2 was influenced by fresh water input from rivers entering the GOT and biological production associated with high nutrient input; 3) Surface water pCO2 showed a strong correlation with SST when river plumes where not present at the buoy location, and reasonable correlation with SSS during the presence of the plume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19434348','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19434348"><span>Levels of total mercury in marine organisms from <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Perugini, Monia; Visciano, Pierina; Manera, Maurizio; Zaccaroni, Annalisa; Olivieri, Vincenzo; Amorena, Michele</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>The presence of total mercury in fish, crustacean and cephalopod from <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, was investigated. The highest concentrations were observed in decreasing order in: Norway lobster (0.97 +/- 0.24 mg/kg; mean +/- SE), European hake (0.59 +/- 0.14 mg/kg), red mullet (0.48 +/- 0.09 mg/kg), blue whiting (0.38 +/- 0.09 mg/kg), Atlantic mackerel (0.36 +/- 0.08 mg/kg) and European flying squid (0.25 +/- 0.03 mg/kg). A significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between the levels of total mercury in Norway lobster and those detected in all other species. The 25% of all samples exceeded the maximum limit fixed by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. The results show that fish and fishery products can exceed the maximum levels and stress the need of more information for consumers in particular for people that eat large amount of fish.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMNH31A1596G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMNH31A1596G"><span>Modeling land subsidence due to shallow-water hydrocarbon production: A case study in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gambolati, G.; Castelletto, N.; Ferronato, M.; Janna, C.; Teatini, P.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>One major environmental concern of subsurface fluid withdrawal is land subsidence. The issue of a reliable estimate and prediction of the expected anthropogenic land subsidence is particularly important whenever the production of hydrocarbon (oil and gas) occurs from large reservoirs located close to deltaic zones (e.g., Mississippi, Po, Nile, Niger, Yellow rivers) or shallow-water with low-lying coastlands (e.g., Northern Caspian <span class="hlt">sea</span>, Dutch Wadden <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). In such cases even a small reduction of the ground elevation relative to the mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level may impact seriously on human settlements and natural environment. The monitoring of the ongoing land subsidence has been significantly improved over the last decade by SAR-based interferometry. These measurements can be quite effectively used to map the process and calibrate geomechanical models for predicting the future event. However, this powerful methodology cannot be implemented off-shore. Although permanent GPS stations can be established to monitor the movement of the production facilities usually installed above the gravity center of a reservoir, an accurate characterization of the settlement bowl affecting the <span class="hlt">sea</span> bottom, with a possible migration toward the shore, is a challenge still today. In the present communication the case study of the Riccione gas reservoir is discussed. The field is located in the near-shore northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, approximately 15 km far from the coastline, where the seawater height is about 20 m. The gas-bearing strata are 1100 m deep and are hydraulically connected to a relatively weak aquifer. Production of 70% of the cumulative reserves as of 2006 yielded a pore pressure decrease of 60 bars. Reliable geometry and geomechanical properties of the depleted formations were detected with the aid of a 3D seismic survey and a borehole equipped with radioactive markers, respectively. The latter pointed out that the Riccione formations are characterized by an unusually high oedometer</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JMS....67..119C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JMS....67..119C"><span>An ecological model of the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Analysis of ecosystem structure and fishing impacts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Coll, Marta; Santojanni, Alberto; Palomera, Isabel; Tudela, Sergi; Arneri, Enrico</p> <p>2007-08-01</p> <p>A trophic mass-balance model was developed to characterise the food web structure and functioning of the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and to quantify the ecosystem impacts of fishing during the 1990s. Forty functional groups were described, including target and non-target fish and invertebrate groups, and three detritus groups (natural detritus, discards and by-catch of cetaceans and marine turtles). Results highlighted that there was an important coupling between pelagic-benthic production of plankton, benthic invertebrates and detritus. Organisms located at low and medium trophic levels, (i.e. benthic invertebrates, zooplankton and anchovy), as well as dolphins, were identified as keystone groups of the ecosystem. Jellyfish were an important element in terms of consumption and production of trophic flows within the ecosystem. The analysis of trophic flows of zooplankton and detritus groups indirectly underlined the importance of the microbial food web in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Fishing activities inflicted notable impacts on the ecosystem during the 1990s, with a high gross efficiency of the fishery, a high consumption of fishable production, high exploitation rates for various target and non target species, a low trophic level of the catch and medium values of primary production required to sustain the fishery. Moreover, the analysis of Odum's ecological indicators highlighted that the ecosystem was in a low-medium developmental stage. Bottom trawling ( Strascico), mid-water trawling ( Volante) and beam trawling ( Rapido) fleets had the highest impacts on both target and non target ecological groups. On the contrary, purse seining ( Lampara) showed medium to low impacts on the ecosystem; cetaceans, marine turtles and <span class="hlt">sea</span> birds were not significantly involved in competition with fishing activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636186','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636186"><span>Status of faecal pollution in ports: A basin-wide investigation in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luna, Gian Marco; Manini, Elena; Turk, Valentina; Tinta, Tinkara; D'Errico, Giuseppe; Baldrighi, Elisa; Baljak, Vanja; Buda, Donatella; Cabrini, Marina; Campanelli, Alessandra; Cenov, Arijana; Del Negro, Paola; Drakulović, Dragana; Fabbro, Cinzia; Glad, Marin; Grilec, Dolores; Grilli, Federica; Jokanović, Sandra; Jozić, Slaven; Kauzlarić, Vesna; Kraus, Romina; Marini, Mauro; Mikuš, Josip; Milandri, Stefania; Pećarević, Marijana; Perini, Laura; Quero, Grazia Marina; Šolić, Mladen; Lušić, Darija Vukić; Zoffoli, Silvia</p> <p>2018-04-07</p> <p>Ports are subject to a variety of anthropogenic impacts, and there is mounting evidence of faecal contamination through several routes. Yet, little is known about pollution in ports by faecal indicator bacteria (FIB). FIB spatio-temporal dynamics were assessed in 12 ports of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, a semi-enclosed basin under strong anthropogenic pressure, and their relationships with environmental variables were explored to gain insight into pollution sources. FIB were abundant in ports, often more so than in adjacent areas; their abundance patterns were related to salinity, oxygen, and nutrient levels. In addition, a molecular method, quantitative (q)PCR, was used to quantify FIB. qPCR enabled faster FIB determination and water quality monitoring that culture-based methods. These data provide robust baseline evidence of faecal contamination in ports and can be used to improve the management of routine port activities (dredging and ballast water exchange), having potential to spread pathogens in the <span class="hlt">sea</span>. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70121472','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70121472"><span>Economic vulnerability to <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise along the northern U.S. <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Thatcher, Cindy A.; Brock, John C.; Pendleton, Elizabeth A.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coast of the United States has been identified as highly vulnerable to <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise, based on a combination of physical and societal factors. Vulnerability of human populations and infrastructure to projected increases in <span class="hlt">sea</span> level is a critical area of uncertainty for communities in the extremely low-lying and flat northern <span class="hlt">gulf</span> coastal zone. A rapidly growing population along some parts of the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coastline is further increasing the potential societal and economic impacts of projected <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise in the region, where observed relative rise rates range from 0.75 to 9.95 mm per year on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. A 1-m elevation threshold was chosen as an inclusive designation of the coastal zone vulnerable to relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise, because of uncertainty associated with <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise projections. This study applies a Coastal Economic Vulnerability Index (CEVI) to the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico region, which includes both physical and economic factors that contribute to societal risk of impacts from rising <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. The economic variables incorporated in the CEVI include human population, urban land cover, economic value of key types of infrastructure, and residential and commercial building values. The variables are standardized and combined to produce a quantitative index value for each 1-km coastal segment, highlighting areas where human populations and the built environment are most at risk. This information can be used by coastal managers as they allocate limited resources for ecosystem restoration, beach nourishment, and coastal-protection infrastructure. The study indicates a large amount of variability in index values along the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coastline, and highlights areas where long-term planning to enhance resiliency is particularly needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5096412','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5096412"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> snakes (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) in their westernmost extent: an updated and illustrated checklist and key to the species in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rezaie-Atagholipour, Mohsen; Ghezellou, Parviz; Hesni, Majid Askari; Dakhteh, Seyyed Mohammad Hashem; Ahmadian, Hooman; Vidal, Nicolas</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is known as the westernmost distribution limit for <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes, except for Hydrophis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) that reaches southeastern Africa. Previous identification guides for <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and its adjacent waters in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman were based on old data and confined mostly to written descriptions. Therefore, a series of field surveys were carried out in 2013 and 2014 through Iranian coastal waters of both <span class="hlt">gulfs</span> to provide a comprehensive sampling of <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes in the area. This paper presents an illustrated and updated checklist and identification tool for <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, which are based on new material and a review of the literature. This checklist includes ten species of marine hydrophiines, of which one, Microcephalophis cantoris (Günther, 1864), is a new record for the area. All specimens examined herein are deposited and available at the Zoological Museum of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman province, Iran. PMID:27843383</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-002394&hterms=water+Mexico&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dwater%2BMexico','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-002394&hterms=water+Mexico&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dwater%2BMexico"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS: Mississippi Sediments in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS image collected on January 15, 2002 clearly shows the discharge from the Mississippi River into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. In summertime, much of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor under the brownish colored water goes without dissolved oxygen. Credit: Provided by the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015OcDyn..65..817M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015OcDyn..65..817M"><span>Severe flooding along the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast: the case of 1 December 2008</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Međugorac, Iva; Pasarić, Miroslava; Orlić, Mirko</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>This paper addresses an extraordinary storm surge in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> that was more pronounced on the eastern than on the western shore. On 1 December 2008, <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> monitoring stations detected exceptionally high <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels; the oldest Croatian tide gauge station recorded the highest water level in its operating history at the time. Apart from the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, large portion of the Dalmatian Coast was also exposed to high water levels, while Venice experienced a less-dramatic event. This marine storm was different from the capital storm of 4 November 1966 during which the surge had the highest impact ahead of Venice and along the north-western coastline. The 2008 event is studied here in detail, and the mechanisms that resulted in the different flooding of the two shores are identified. The study is based on hourly <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, air pressure and wind data measured along both basin sides together with ECMWF reanalysis fields. Four components of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level evolution are identified: the storm surge, tide, <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> seiche and, low-frequency variability. The 2008 event was the outcome of a fine interplay between the first three components, which were all superimposed on the raised <span class="hlt">sea</span> level due to low-frequency variability. The marine storm differed from the 1966 storm in the atmospheric forcing and relative timing of all contributing processes. The 2008 flooding of the eastern coast was mainly due to the Sirocco-wind shear, whereas the 1966 flooding of the western coast was due to the combined effect of almost uniform Sirocco and bottom slope.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934343"><span>Use of a Florida <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Barrier Island by Spring Trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Migrants and the Projected Effects of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise on Habitat Availability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lester, Lori A; Gutierrez Ramirez, Mariamar; Kneidel, Alan H; Heckscher, Christopher M</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Barrier islands on the north coast of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico are an internationally important coastal resource. Each spring hundreds of thousands of Nearctic-Neotropical songbirds crossing the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico during spring migration use these islands because they provide the first landfall for individuals following a trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migratory route. The effects of climate change, particularly <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, may negatively impact habitat availability for migrants on barrier islands. Our objectives were (1) to confirm the use of St. George Island, Florida by trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migrants and (2) to determine whether forested stopover habitat will be available for migrants on St. George Island following <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. We used avian transect data, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and simulation modelling to investigate the potential effects of three different <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise scenarios (0.28 m, 0.82 m, and 2 m) on habitat availability for trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migrants. We found considerable use of the island by spring trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migrants. Migrants were most abundant in areas with low elevation, high canopy height, and high coverage of forests and scrub/shrub. A substantial percentage of forest (44%) will be lost by 2100 assuming moderate <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise (0.82 m). Thus, as <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise progresses, less forests will be available for migrants during stopover. Many migratory bird species' populations are declining, and degradation of barrier island stopover habitat may further increase the cost of migration for many individuals. To preserve this coastal resource, conservation and wise management of migratory stopover areas, especially near ecological barriers like the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, will be essential as <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels rise.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4775044','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4775044"><span>Use of a Florida <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Barrier Island by Spring Trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Migrants and the Projected Effects of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise on Habitat Availability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lester, Lori A.; Gutierrez Ramirez, Mariamar; Kneidel, Alan H.; Heckscher, Christopher M.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Barrier islands on the north coast of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico are an internationally important coastal resource. Each spring hundreds of thousands of Nearctic-Neotropical songbirds crossing the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico during spring migration use these islands because they provide the first landfall for individuals following a trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migratory route. The effects of climate change, particularly <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, may negatively impact habitat availability for migrants on barrier islands. Our objectives were (1) to confirm the use of St. George Island, Florida by trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migrants and (2) to determine whether forested stopover habitat will be available for migrants on St. George Island following <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. We used avian transect data, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and simulation modelling to investigate the potential effects of three different <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise scenarios (0.28 m, 0.82 m, and 2 m) on habitat availability for trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migrants. We found considerable use of the island by spring trans-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> migrants. Migrants were most abundant in areas with low elevation, high canopy height, and high coverage of forests and scrub/shrub. A substantial percentage of forest (44%) will be lost by 2100 assuming moderate <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise (0.82 m). Thus, as <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise progresses, less forests will be available for migrants during stopover. Many migratory bird species’ populations are declining, and degradation of barrier island stopover habitat may further increase the cost of migration for many individuals. To preserve this coastal resource, conservation and wise management of migratory stopover areas, especially near ecological barriers like the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, will be essential as <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels rise. PMID:26934343</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29151679','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29151679"><span>Is it possible to implement a complex adaptive systems approach for marine systems? The experience of Italy and the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bigagli, Emanuele</p> <p>2017-11-15</p> <p>•This paper evaluates the implementation of the MSFD in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.•The MSFD is the first policy for marine complex adaptive systems in the EU.•Ecological and jurisdictional boundaries overlap and cross-border cooperation is low.•Integrative assessments of marine systems may be impossible to achieve.•Relative isolation of theoretical approaches and management practices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665634','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665634"><span>Characterization of microplastic litter in the gastrointestinal tract of Solea solea from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pellini, G; Gomiero, A; Fortibuoni, T; Ferrà, Carmen; Grati, F; Tassetti, A N; Polidori, P; Fabi, G; Scarcella, G</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Micro-plastic particles in the world's oceans represent a serious threat to both human health and marine ecosystems. Once released into the aquatic environment plastic litter is broken down to smaller pieces through photo-degradation and the physical actions of waves, wind, etc. The resulting particles may become so small that they are readily taken up by fish, crustaceans and mollusks. There is mounting evidence for the uptake of plastic particles by marine organisms that form part of the human food chain and this is driving urgent calls for further and deeper investigations into this pollution issue. The present study aimed at investigating for the first time the occurrence, amount, typology of microplastic litter in the gastrointestinal tract of Solea solea and its spatial distribution in the northern and central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. This benthic flatfish was selected as it is a species of high commercial interest within the FAO GFCM (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean) area 37 (Mediterranean and Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) where around 15% of the overall global Solea solea production originates. The digestive tract contents of 533 individuals collected in fall during 2014 and 2015 from 60 sampling sites were examined for microplastics. These were recorded in 95% of sampled fish, with more than one microplastic item found in around 80% of the examined specimens. The most commonly found polymers were polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, and polyamide, 72% as fragments and 28% as fibers. The mean number of ingested microplastics was 1.73 ± 0.05 items per fish in 2014 and 1.64 ± 0.1 in 2015. PVC and PA showed the highest densities in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, both inshore and off-shore while PE, PP and PET were more concentrated in coastal areas with the highest values offshore from the port of Rimini. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CSR...155...34C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CSR...155...34C"><span>Investigating the chlorophyll-a variability in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto (North-western Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) by a multi-temporal analysis of MODIS-Aqua Level 3/Level 2 data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ciancia, Emanuele; Coviello, Irina; Di Polito, Carmine; Lacava, Teodosio; Pergola, Nicola; Satriano, Valeria; Tramutoli, Valerio</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The analysis of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) variability on a long-term basis could allow detecting possible issues in the whole marine ecosystem functioning. The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto (Southern Italy), in the North-western Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>), has been affected by several environmental threats in the last decade, thus deserving the implementation of an adequate monitoring system able to provide accurate indications about the variability of the most relevant bio-optical parameters. In this context, the main objectives of this study are to investigate the long-term chl-a variability in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto and identify the occurrence of any past spatiotemporal anomalies by implementing the multi-temporal Robust Satellite Technique (RST) on a 12-year (2003-2015) period of MODIS/AQUA Level 3/Level 2 chlorophyll-a data. The achieved results show well-clustered near-surface positive chl-a anomalies during the January-February 2011 period. This detected offshore phytoplankton bloom may be related to sub-basin processes, such as the inflow of the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coastal Current (WACC), probably fostered by the cyclonic reversal of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) mechanism. Therefore, the RST approach proved successful in detecting chl-a anomalous variations with a high level of confidence regardless of the absolute value measured, thus suggesting its exportability in other areas with different site-setting conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ECSS...90..103G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ECSS...90..103G"><span>Humic acids contribution to sedimentary organic matter on a shallow continental shelf (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Giani, M.; Rampazzo, F.; Berto, D.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The shallow northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> receives large river runoff, predominantly from the Po River, which is the main allochthonous source of nutrients and organic matter. The origin and quality of organic matter deposited in the sediments can influence the degradation processes and oxygen consumption in the bottom waters as well as the fate of many pollutants. Therefore the humic acids (HA) were quantified in surface and sub-surface sediments collected in an area of the north-western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> platform south of Po River. HA showed to have a relevant contribution to sedimentary organic matter. HA content in sediments were positively correlated with the organic carbon concentration and negatively with redox potential and pH, particularly in sub-surface reduced sediments, suggesting their important role in the diagenetic processes taking place in anoxic conditions. Elemental composition of HA extracted from surface and sub-surface sediments showed a wide range of variation of the C org/N ratios which could be due to a mixed (terrestrial and marine) origin and/or an elevated bacteria degradation of nitrogen during diagenesis processes in sediments. The spectroscopic ratios A 2/A 4 and A 4/A 6 of HA confirmed a mixed origin with a high degree of condensation of the HA extracted from sediments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Ocgy...53..145K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Ocgy...53..145K"><span>Variability of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level and floods in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kulikov, E. A.; Medvedev, I. P.</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>The statistical analysis of the long-term data on the variability of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level has revealed the complicated character of the wave field structure. The wave field formed by the variable winds and the disturbances of the atmospheric pressure in the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a superposition of standing oscillations with random phases. The cross spectral analysis of the synchronous observation series of the level in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland has shown that the nodal lines of the standing dilatational waves are clearly traced with frequencies corresponding to the distance from the nodal line to the top of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> (a quarter of the wave length). Several areas of the water basin with clearly expressed resonant properties may be distinguished: the <span class="hlt">Gulfs</span> of Finland, Riga, and Bothnia, Neva Bay, etc. The estimations of the statistical correlation of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level oscillations with the variation of the wind and atmospheric pressure indicate the dominant role of the zonal wind component during the formation of the floods in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland. The probable reason for the extreme floods in St. Petersburg may be the resonance rocking of the eigenmode oscillations corresponding to the basic fundamental seiche mode of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland with a period of 27 h when the repeated atmospheric disturbances in the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> occur with a period of 1-2 days.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25388500','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25388500"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> snake harvest in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> of Thailand.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Van Cao, Nguyen; Thien Tao, Nguyen; Moore, Amelia; Montoya, Alfred; Redsted Rasmussen, Arne; Broad, Kenneth; Voris, Harold K; Takacs, Zoltan</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Conservation of <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes is virtually nonexistent in Asia, and its role in human-snake interactions in terms of catch, trade, and snakebites as an occupational hazard is mostly unexplored. We collected data on <span class="hlt">sea</span> snake landings from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand, a hotspot for <span class="hlt">sea</span> snake harvest by squid fishers operating out of the ports of Song Doc and Khanh Hoi, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam. The data were collected during documentation of the steps of the trading process and through interviewers with participants in the trade. Squid vessels return to ports once per lunar synodic cycle and fishers sell snakes to merchants who sort, package, and ship the snakes to various destinations in Vietnam and China for human consumption and as a source of traditional remedies. Annually, 82 t, roughly equal to 225,500 individuals, of live <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes are brought to ports. To our knowledge, this rate of harvest constitutes one of the largest venomous snake and marine reptile harvest activities in the world today. Lapemis curtus and Hydrophis cyanocinctus constituted about 85% of the snake biomass, and Acalyptophis peronii, Aipysurus eydouxii, Hydrophis atriceps, H. belcheri, H. lamberti, and H. ornatus made up the remainder. Our results establish a quantitative baseline for characteristics of catch, trade, and uses of <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes. Other key observations include the timing of the trade to the lunar cycle, a decline of <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes harvested over the study period (approximately 30% decline in mass over 4 years), and the treatment of <span class="hlt">sea</span> snake bites with rhinoceros horn. Emerging markets in Southeast Asia drive the harvest of venomous <span class="hlt">sea</span> snakes in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand and <span class="hlt">sea</span> snake bites present a potentially lethal occupational hazard. We call for implementation of monitoring programs to further address the conservation implications of this large-scale marine reptile exploitation. © 2014 Society for Conservation Biology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.A54A..05M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.A54A..05M"><span><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Air/<span class="hlt">Sea</span> Interaction: Measurements and Initial Data Characterization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>MacDonald, C.; Huang, C. H.; Roberts, P. T.; Bariteau, L.; Fairall, C. W.; Gibson, W.; Ray, A.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Corporate, government, and university researchers collaborated to develop an atmospheric boundary layer environmental observations program on an offshore platform in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The primary goals of this project were to provide data to (1) improve our understanding of boundary layer processes and air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interaction over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico; (2) improve regional-scale meteorological and air quality modeling; and (3) provide a framework for advanced offshore measurements to support future needs such as emergency response, exploration and lease decisions, wind energy research and development, and meteorological and air quality forecasting. In October 2010, meteorological and oceanographic sensors were deployed for an extended period (approximately 12 months) on a Chevron service platform (ST 52B, 90.5W, 29N) to collect boundary layer and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface data sufficient to support these objectives. This project has significant importance given the large industrial presence in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, sizeable regional population nearby, and the recognized need for precise and timely pollutant forecasts. Observations from this project include surface meteorology; sodar marine boundary layer winds; microwave radiometer profiles of temperature, relative humidity, and liquid water; ceilometer cloud base heights; water temperature and current profiles; <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature; wave height statistics; downwelling solar and infrared radiation; and air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> turbulent momentum and heat fluxes. This project resulted in the collection of an unprecedented set of boundary layer measurements over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico that capture the range of meteorological and oceanographic interactions and processes that occur over an entire year. This presentation will provide insight into the logistical and scientific issues associated with the deployment and operations of unique measurements in offshore areas and provide results from an initial data analysis of boundary layer processes over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRC..11512041B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRC..11512041B"><span>Impact of the spatial distribution of the atmospheric forcing on water mass formation in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>BéRanger, Karine; Drillet, Yann; Houssais, Marie-NoëLle; Testor, Pierre; Bourdallé-Badie, Romain; Alhammoud, Bahjat; Bozec, Alexandra; Mortier, Laurent; Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale; CréPon, Michel</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The impact of the atmospheric forcing on the winter ocean convection in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> was studied with a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. The major areas of focus are the Levantine basin, the Aegean-Cretan <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lion. Two companion simulations differing by the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric forcing were compared. The first simulation (MED16-ERA40) was forced by air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> fields from ERA40, which is the ECMWF reanalysis. The second simulation (MED16-ECMWF) was forced by the ECMWF-analyzed surface fields that have a horizontal resolution twice as high as those of ERA40. The analysis of the standard deviations of the atmospheric fields shows that increasing the resolution of the atmospheric forcing leads in all regions to a better channeling of the winds by mountains and to the generation of atmospheric mesoscale patterns. Comparing the companion ocean simulation results with available observations in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lion shows that MED16-ECMWF is more realistic than MED16-ERA40. In the eastern Mediterranean, although deep water formation occurs in the two experiments, the depth reached by the convection is deeper in MED16-ECMWF. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lion, deep water formation occurs only in MED16-ECMWF. This larger sensitivity of the western Mediterranean convection to the forcing resolution is investigated by running a set of sensitivity experiments to analyze the impact of different time-space resolutions of the forcing on the intense winter convection event in winter 1998-1999. The sensitivity to the forcing appears to be mainly related to the effect of wind channeling by the land orography, which can only be reproduced in atmospheric models of sufficient resolution. Thus, well-positioned patterns of enhanced wind stress and ocean surface heat loss are able to maintain a vigorous gyre circulation favoring efficient preconditioning of the area at the beginning of winter and to drive</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Geomo.203...60I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Geomo.203...60I"><span>The flooding of the San Matías <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>: The Northern Patagonia <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level curve</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Isla, Federico Ignacio</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Northern Patagonia is characterised by tectonic depressions below present <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. Some of them are today flooded by the <span class="hlt">sea</span>; others remain emerged although they are at altitudes of - 50 m (Bajo del Gualicho), - 35 m (Salinas Grandes) and - 7 m (Salina La Piedra). San Matías <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> also was such an emerged depression below contemporary mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level during the Late Pleistocene. It flooded between 11,500 and 11,000 years ago, when the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level surpassed the sill of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> (today 50 m below mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level) during postglacial <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise. In those days, shrublands extended on the slopes of the tectonic depression. In-situ pieces of woods dredged from the bottom of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> at depths of 70 m gave a conventional age of 11,310 ± 150 years BP. We used the wood, together with dated shells from the continental shelf, and shells and organic matter dated from the San Blas, Negro and Chubut coastal plains to construct a <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level curve. <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rise surpassed the present level somewhat before 6000 years BP, reaching a maximum stand of + 6 m. It has since gently diminished towards present <span class="hlt">sea</span> level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6674984-rospo-mare-adriatic-sea-oil-bearing-paleokarst-mediterranean-region','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6674984-rospo-mare-adriatic-sea-oil-bearing-paleokarst-mediterranean-region"><span>Rospo Mare (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) - An oil-bearing paleokarst in the Mediterranean region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Soudet, H.; Sorriaux, P.; Michaud, F.</p> <p>1990-05-01</p> <p>The oil-bearing paleokarst at Rospo Mare is located in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, 20 km off the Italian coast. The reservoir lies at a depth of 1,300 m and consists of a paleokarst of Oligocene to Miocene age that developed within Cretaceous limestones, now covered by 1,200 m of Miocene-Pliocene clastics. The oil column is about 140 m. The karstic nature of the reservoir was identified through vertical cored drill holes, which allowed us to analyze the various solution features and the sedimentary infill (speleothems, terra rossa, marine clays), as well as their vertical distribution. Observations concerning the upper part ofmore » the reservoir were compared to a paleokarst of the same age, outcropping widely onshore, in quarries located nearby. Erosion morphology at the top of the karst is highly irregular, including especially paleovalleys as well as many pit-shaped sink holes. Detailed knowledge of that morphology through geophysics helped optimizing the development of the field through horizontal drilling.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16054163','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16054163"><span>Effects of long-term dumping of harbor-dredged material on macrozoobenthos at four disposal sites along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simonini, R; Ansaloni, I; Cavallini, F; Graziosi, F; Iotti, M; Massamba N'siala, G; Mauri, M; Montanari, G; Preti, M; Prevedelli, D</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Sediment from harbors of the Emilia-Romagna (Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) were dredged and dumped in four disposal areas characterized by muddy bottoms. The long-term effects of the dumping on macrozoobenthic communities were investigated before and after 6 month, 8 month, 2 years and 4 years. The disposal of dredged material did not influence the granulometry and %TOC in the sediment, and no alterations in the structure of the macrobenthic communities were observed in the four areas. The lack of impact could be ascribed to the environmental characteristics and precautionary measures taken to minimize the effects of the dumping. It appears that: (1) the communities of the dumping areas are well adapted to unstable environments; (2) the sediments were disposed gradually and homogeneously over relatively large areas; Other factors that help to reduce the impact of sediment disposal are the low concentrations of contaminants in dredged materials and the similarity of sediment in the dredged and disposal areas. Off-shore discharge appears a sustainable strategy for the management of uncontaminated dredged sediments from the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> harbors.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSR...124...10M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSR...124...10M"><span>Mnemiopsis leidyi in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>: here to stay?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Malej, A.; Tirelli, V.; Lučić, D.; Paliaga, P.; Vodopivec, M.; Goruppi, A.; Ancona, S.; Benzi, M.; Bettoso, N.; Camatti, E.; Ercolessi, M.; Ferrari, C. R.; Shiganova, T.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Mnemiopsis leidyi has successfully made the transition from its native spatial range along the Atlantic coast of North and South America to many areas of the Eurasian <span class="hlt">seas</span>. In summer 2016, we observed M. leidyi at several sites within the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). Here we describe the spatio-temporal distribution of this invasive ctenophore and its morphological and biometric characteristics, and we present laboratory data on egg production and microscopic observations. M. leidyi was observed in the offshore, coastal and lagoon systems of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, at temperatures ranging from 13 °C to 29 °C and salinity from 11 and 38, from July to December 2016. Dense blooms were detected intermittently from mid-August to November 2016. Total length (TL) of M. leidyi ranged from 2.0 to 13.5 cm with overall dominance (68.9 ± 14.2%) of the 5-9 cm size fraction. In the eastern part of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, we always observed individuals with TL < 3 cm from August to November and cydippid larvae were found in net samples indicating successful reproduction throughout the studied period. Egg production under laboratory conditions (temperature 20-22 °C, salinity 37-38) was high, with mean of 4320 ± 3980 eggs ind.- 1 day- 1 and maximum of 13,512 eggs ind.- 1 day- 1.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014BGeo...11.2645N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014BGeo...11.2645N"><span>Picoplankton community structure before, during and after convection event in the offshore waters of the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Najdek, M.; Paliaga, P.; Šilović, T.; Batistić, M.; Garić, R.; Supić, N.; Ivančić, I.; Ljubimir, S.; Korlević, M.; Jasprica, N.; Hrustić, E.; Dupčić-Radić, I.; Blažina, M.; Orlić, S.</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>This paper documents the picoplankton community's response to changes in oceanographic conditions in the period between October 2011 and September 2012 at two stations belonging to the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit (SAP). The recorded data include the community's abundance, composition, prokaryotic production rates and bacterial metabolic capacity. The sampling period included an intense <span class="hlt">sea</span> cooling with formation of exceptional, record-breaking dense water. We documented an especially intense winter convection episode that completely diluted the core of Levantine intermediate waters (LIW) in a large area encompassing the SAP's center and its margin. During this convection event the whole picoplankton community had significantly higher abundances with a recorded picoeukaryotic peak at the SAP margin. In the post-convection phase in March, prokaryotic heterotrophic production strongly increased in the entire SAP area (up to 50 times; 456.8 nM C day-1). An autotrophic biomass increase (up to 5 times; 4.86 μg L-1) and a disruption of a close correspondence between prokaryotic heterotrophic biomass production and cell replication rates were observed only in the center of the SAP, which was not under the influence of LIW. At the SAP's margin such an effect was attenuated by LIW, since the waters affected by LIW were characterized by decreased concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, decreased autotrophic biomasses, and by increased bacterial biomass production balanced with cell replication rates as well as by the domination of Synechococcus among autotrophic picoplankton. The metabolic capacity was lowest in spring when autotrophic biomass largely increased, while the highest levels found in the pre-convection phase (October 2011) suggest that the system was more oligotrophic before than after the convection event. Furthermore, we showed that metabolic capacity is a trait of bacterial community independent of environmental conditions and tightly linked to cell replication</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27509403','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27509403"><span>Occurrence of the Leech, Pontobdella muricata Linnaeus, on Elasmobranch Species in the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bolognini, Luca; Leoni, Simone; Polidori, Piero; Grati, Fabio; Scarcella, Giuseppe; Pellini, Giulio; Domenichetti, Filippo; Ferrà, Carmen; Fabi, Gianna</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>This study provides a parasitological analysis of the elasmobranch species caught in the northern and central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Sixty-two marine leeches were recorded on 747 individuals of Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray), Myliobatis aquila Linnaeus, 1758 (common eagle ray), and Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled torpedo ray) caught in 56 hauls over a 5 yr period. All leeches were identified as Pontobdella muricata, which is a typical ectoparasite of benthic elasmobranchs. The prevalence of infection ranged from 7.11% on R. clavata to 12.00% on M. aquila. The intensity of infection, the preferential sites of attachment to the host, and the periodicity of infection were evaluated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007E%26PSL.261..104S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007E%26PSL.261..104S"><span>Late Quaternary changes in desert dust inputs to the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden from 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios in deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> cores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stein, Mordechai; Almogi-Labin, Ahuva; Goldstein, Steven L.; Hemleben, Christoph; Starinsky, Abraham</p> <p>2007-09-01</p> <p>Strontium isotope ratios of the HCL-insoluble residue ("ISR") and foraminifera of cores from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden are used to monitor effects of hydrothermal, fluvial and desert dust transport to these regions during the past ˜ 0.5 Ma. While the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden was open-ocean, during low glacial <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> was a semi-isolated basin, allowing the possibility to study the effects regional versus global inputs during glacial-interglacial cycles. The ISR from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden and the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> display different ranges of 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios of 0.7085-0.7107 and 0.7062-0.7085, respectively. These reflect mixtures between three components: granitic, hydrothermal and loess strontium with representative 87Sr/ 86Sr of ˜ 0.711; ˜ 0.706 and ˜ 0.7085, respectively. <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden ISR represent mixtures of the loess and "granitic" sources, while Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> ISR are mixtures of the loess and <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor "hydrothermal" sources. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, loess sources dominate during glacials, indicating intensification of the NE moonsonal wind regime, and granitic sources dominate during interglacials, reflecting wetter conditions related to an enhanced regional SW monsoon. Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> ISR show no clear glacial-interglacial distinction, but display a general temporal increase in 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios over the past 380 ka toward loess-like values, indicating increasing loess contributions toward the present day. The ranges of ISR 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden were distinct prior to the last glacial period (< 60 ka), when they converge at loess values. The increasing loess signal may be due to increasing aridity in the dust source regions, or increasing accumulation and availability of loess with progressive glacial cycles. Superimposed on the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> general trend are shifts to higher 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios following major climate transitions (at ˜ 10, ˜ 80, ˜ 130, ˜ 190, ˜ 240 and ˜ 330 ka BP) that coincide with sapropel episodes in the Eastern Mediterranean</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=STS049-81-047&hterms=flat+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dflat%2Bearth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=STS049-81-047&hterms=flat+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dflat%2Bearth"><span>STS-49 Earth observation of the Salton <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>STS-49 Earth observation taken aboard Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, shows the Salton <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California. The nearly cloud-free view follows the Colorado River Delta from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California (Mexico) to the Salton <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (California). The Colorado River enters its delta from the right (east), then turns directly south to form saline tidal flats at the edge of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Nearly all the water is used for irrigation. The United States (U.S.) / Mexican border shows clearly in the different field patterns and the intensity of the greenish color. The irrigated agricultural area offers a sharp contrast to the surrounding desert. The crew used a handheld HASSELBLAD camera with a 100-mm lens to record the image.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428839','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428839"><span>Population genomics meet Lagrangian simulations: Oceanographic patterns and long larval duration ensure connectivity among Paracentrotus lividus populations in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Ionian <span class="hlt">seas</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Paterno, Marta; Schiavina, Marcello; Aglieri, Giorgio; Ben Souissi, Jamila; Boscari, Elisa; Casagrandi, Renato; Chassanite, Aurore; Chiantore, Mariachiara; Congiu, Leonardo; Guarnieri, Giuseppe; Kruschel, Claudia; Macic, Vesna; Marino, Ilaria A M; Papetti, Chiara; Patarnello, Tomaso; Zane, Lorenzo; Melià, Paco</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Connectivity between populations influences both their dynamics and the genetic structuring of species. In this study, we explored connectivity patterns of a marine species with long-distance dispersal, the edible common <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchin Paracentrotus lividus , focusing mainly on the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>-Ionian basins (Central Mediterranean). We applied a multidisciplinary approach integrating population genomics, based on 1,122 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from 2b-RAD in 275 samples, with Lagrangian simulations performed with a biophysical model of larval dispersal. We detected genetic homogeneity among eight population samples collected in the focal <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>-Ionian area, whereas weak but significant differentiation was found with respect to two samples from the Western Mediterranean (France and Tunisia). This result was not affected by the few putative outlier loci identified in our dataset. Lagrangian simulations found a significant potential for larval exchange among the eight <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>-Ionian locations, supporting the hypothesis of connectivity of P. lividus populations in this area. A peculiar pattern emerged from the comparison of our results with those obtained from published P. lividus cytochrome b (cytb) sequences, the latter revealing genetic differentiation in the same geographic area despite a smaller sample size and a lower power to detect differences. The comparison with studies conducted using nuclear markers on other species with similar pelagic larval durations in the same <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>-Ionian locations indicates species-specific differences in genetic connectivity patterns and warns against generalizing single-species results to the entire community of rocky shore habitats.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24146599','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24146599"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>González-Muñoz, Ricardo; Simões, Nuno; Tello-Musi, José Luis; Rodríguez, Estefanía</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Seven <span class="hlt">sea</span> anemone species from coral reefs in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico are taxonomically diagnosed and images from living specimens including external and internal features, and cnidae are provided. Furthermore, the known distribution ranges from another 10 species are extended. No species records of <span class="hlt">sea</span> anemones have been previously published in the primary scientific literature for coral reefs in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and thus, this study represents the first inventory for the local actiniarian fauna.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSME14E0647M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSME14E0647M"><span>Sargassum-associated mobile fauna communities in the Caribbean, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, and Sargasso <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Martin, L.; Schell, J. M.; Goodwin, D.; Biggs, D.; Siuda, A. N.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Sargassum natans and S. fluitans are entirely pelagic, offering a pseudo-benthic structural habitat for an associated community of mobile fauna. In turn, the mobile fauna community supports foraging seabirds, fish, and turtles. Recent satellite observations suggest Sargassum in the Sargasso <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is seeded annually from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Furthermore, the Caribbean is in the midst of a Sargassum inundation that appears disconnected in origin from the Sargasso <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Sargassum and fauna were collected via dip net during spring and summer 2015 from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, Sargasso <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Eastern Caribbean to study the impacts that region, aggregation pattern (isolated clump, windrow, mat), and Sargassum variety morphology have on mobile fauna community composition. Sargassum from all three regions shared five common (frequency >10%) species: flatworm spp., Portunus sayi, Litiopa melanostoma, Leander tenuicornis, and Latreutes fucorum). The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> presented the most unique species (9 unique / 16 total) followed by the Sargasso <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (5 unique / 12 total) and the Caribbean (1 unique / 6 total). The majority of species unique to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico were juvenile fish while those in the Caribbean and Sargasso <span class="hlt">Sea</span> were benthic-like species residing on the Sargassum itself. Differences in the morphological forms of Sargassum had a marked effect on fauna diversity and abundance. In all three regions, fewer individuals and species were found on the broad-leafed, less compact S. natans VIII than on the denser S. natans I and S. fluitans III. This study identifies the differences in macrofauna abundance and diversity between varieties of Sargassum and highlights the potential for dramatic community changes that could result from largescale Sargassum blooms and species shifts. Any shift in these keystone communities could result in negative cascading effects on seabirds, economically important fish populations, and juvenile turtles which use the seaweed as a nursery</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3800810','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3800810"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>González-Muñoz, Ricardo; Simões, Nuno; Tello-Musi, José Luis; Rodríguez, Estefanía</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Seven <span class="hlt">sea</span> anemone species from coral reefs in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico are taxonomically diagnosed and images from living specimens including external and internal features, and cnidae are provided. Furthermore, the known distribution ranges from another 10 species are extended. No species records of <span class="hlt">sea</span> anemones have been previously published in the primary scientific literature for coral reefs in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and thus, this study represents the first inventory for the local actiniarian fauna. PMID:24146599</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...132...11M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...132...11M"><span>Oscillating <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> temperature and salinity regimes mapped using the Self-Organizing Maps method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matić, Frano; Kovač, Žarko; Vilibić, Ivica; Mihanović, Hrvoje; Morović, Mira; Grbec, Branka; Leder, Nenad; Džoić, Tomislav</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This paper aims to document salinity and temperature regimes in the middle and south <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by applying the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method to the available long-term temperature and salinity series. The data were collected on a seasonal basis between 1963 and 2011 in two dense water collecting depressions, Jabuka Pit and Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit, and over the Palagruža Sill. Seasonality was removed prior to the analyses. Salinity regimes have been found to oscillate rapidly between low-salinity and high-salinity SOM solutions, ascribed to the advection of Western and Eastern Mediterranean waters, respectively. Transient salinity regimes normally lasted less than a season, while temperature transient regimes lasted longer. Salinity regimes prolonged their duration after the major basin-wide event, the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, in the early 1990s. A qualitative relationship between high-salinity regimes and dense water formation and dynamics has been documented. The SOM-based analyses have a large capacity for classifying the oscillating ocean regimes in a basin, which, in the case of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, beside climate forcing, is an important driver of biogeochemical changes that impacts trophic relations, appearance and abundance of alien organisms, and fisheries, etc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Red+AND+Sea&id=ED159011','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Red+AND+Sea&id=ED159011"><span>Training Course on the Marine Ecology of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> & <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Programme (PERSGA).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Arab Organization for Education and Science, Cairo (Egypt).</p> <p></p> <p>This document presents a training course on the marine ecology of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> designed by the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) in collaboration with the Marine Science Department of UNESCO for the Program for Environmental Studies, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden (PERSGA). It was hosted by the Marine Science Station,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70123796','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70123796"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span>-level and environmental changes since the last interglacial in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Carpentaria, Australia: an overview</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Chivas, Allan R.; Garcı́a, Adriana; van der Kaars, Sander; Couapel, Martine; Holt, Sabine; Reeves, Jessica M.; Wheeler, David J.; Switzer, Adam D.; Murray-Wallace, Colin V.; Banerjee, Debabrata; Price, David M.; Wang, Sue X.; Pearson, Grant; Edgar, N. Terry; Beaufort, Luc; de Deckker, Patrick; Lawson, Ewan; Cecil, C. Blaine</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Carpentaria is an epicontinental <span class="hlt">sea</span> (maximum depth 70 m) between Australia and New Guinea, bordered to the east by Torres Strait (currently 12 m deep) and to the west by the Arafura Sill (53 m below present <span class="hlt">sea</span> level). Throughout the Quaternary, during times of low <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level, the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> was separated from the open waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, forming Lake Carpentaria, an isolation basin, perched above contemporaneous <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level with outlet channels to the Arafura <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. A preliminary interpretation is presented of the palaeoenvironments recorded in six sediment cores collected by the IMAGES program in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Carpentaria. The longest core (approx. 15 m) spans the past 130 ka and includes a record of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level/lake-level changes, with particular complexity between 80 and 40 ka when <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level repeatedly breached and withdrew from <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>/Lake Carpentaria. Evidence from biotic remains (foraminifers, ostracods, pollen), sedimentology and geochemistry clearly identifies a final marine transgression at about 9.7 ka (radiocarbon years). Before this transgression, Lake Carpentaria was surrounded by grassland, was near full, and may have had a surface area approaching 600 km×300 km and a depth of about 15 m. The earlier rise in <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level which accompanied the Marine Isotopic Stage 6/5 transgression at about 130 ka is constrained by sedimentological and biotic evidence and dated by optical- and thermoluminescence and amino acid racemisation methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...138..106G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...138..106G"><span>Review of the circulation in the Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gao, Jingsong; Wu, Guidan; Ya, Hanzheng</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Although Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> holds a significant geographical location and is rich in fishery resources, it has attracted only limited attention from researchers in recent decades. This study summarizes the conclusions based on the observations and model results regarding the circulation and cold water mass in the Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> to provide a reference for further research. Affected by wind and density gradient, the spring circulation may be <span class="hlt">gulf</span>-scale cyclonic and nested with an enclosed cyclonic gyre in the northern <span class="hlt">gulf</span> and unclosed cyclonic gyre in the southern <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of summer circulation remain controversial. Along with the results of a new numerical model, historical observations suggest that summer circulation is cyclonic and anticyclonic in the northern and southern <span class="hlt">gulfs</span>, respectively. The northern and southern <span class="hlt">gulfs</span> are mainly influenced by wind stress curl and South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> current, respectively. Similarly, although different views regarding the structure of winter circulation have been presented, a large amount of evidence supports the existence of two cyclonic gyres in the northern and southern <span class="hlt">gulfs</span>. In addition, a southwestward current off the northwestern coast of Hainan Island is present. The circulation structure in the fall is similar to that in winter. However, the cyclonic gyre in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> has a greater tendency to intrude northwards into the Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> in fall than in winter, and the currents off the coast of Vietnam and the northwestern coast of Hainan Island are weaker in fall than those in winter. Most studies indicate that winter boreal circulation is driven by the monsoon wind. The most recent observations and model results suggest that the current in the Qiongzhou Strait (QS) is eastward on certain days in the boreal summer and is affected by the difference between the <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels of the two ends of the QS and tidal rectification. Correspondingly, the volume transport is approximately -0.1 Sv (minus sign represents</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.6595R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.6595R"><span>Holocene development of the eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland coastal zone (Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ryabchuk, Daria; Sergeev, Alexander; Gusentsova, Tatiana; Gerasimov, Dmitry; Zhamoida, Vladimir; Amantov, Aleksey; Kulkova, Marianna; Sorokin, Peter</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>In 2011-2013 geoarcheological and marine geological research of the eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland coasts and near-shore bottom were undertaken. Researches were concentrated within several key-areas (Sestroretskaya Lowland, Narva-Luga Klint Bay and southern coastal zone of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (near Bolshaya Izhora village). Study areas can provide important information about <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland Holocene coastal development as since Ancylus time (about 10000 cal.BP). Development of numerous sand accretion forms (spits, bars, dunes) of different shape, age and genesis caused formation of lagoon systems, situated now on-land due to land uplift. Coasts of lagoons in Sestroretskaya Lowland and Narva-Luga Klint Bay were inhabited by Neolithic and Early Metal people. Analysis of coastal morphology and results of geological research (GIS relief analyses, ground penetrating radar, drilling, grain-size analyses, radiocarbon dating) and geoarcheological studies allowed to reconstruct the mechanism of large accretion bodies (bars and spits) and lagoon systems formation during last 8000 years. Geoarcheological studies carried out within eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland coasts permitted to find some features of the Neolithic - Early Metal settlements distribution. Another important features of the eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland coastal zone relief are the series of submarine terraces found in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> bottom (<span class="hlt">sea</span> water depths 10 to 2 m). Analyses of the submarine terraces morphology and geology (e.g. grain-size distribution, pollen analyses and organic matter dating) allow to suppose that several times during Holocene (including preAncylus (11000 cal.BP) and preLittorina (8500 cal.BP) regressions) the <span class="hlt">sea</span>-water level was lower than nowadays. During the maximal stage of the Littorina transgression (7600-7200 cal. BP) several open bays connected with the Littorina <span class="hlt">Sea</span> appeared in this area. The lagoon systems and sand accretion bodies (spits and bars) were formed during the following decreasing of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. Late</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4981H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4981H"><span>Historical ecology of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Field methods and coring device</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haselmair, Alexandra; Gallmetzer, Ivo; Tomasovych, Adam; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>For an ongoing study on the historical ecology of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the objective was to retrieve a high number of sediment cores at seven sampling stations spread across the entire basin. One set of cores is intended for sediment analyses including radiometric Pb-sediment-dating, grain size, TOC, TAC and heavy metal analyses. The other set of cores delivered enough shelly remains of endo- or epibenthic hard part producers (e.g. molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms) to enable the reconstruction of death assemblages in core layers from top to bottom. The down-core changes of such assemblages record ecological shifts in a marine environment that has endured strong human impacts over several centuries. A 1.5 m-long core could, according to the available sedimentation data for the area, cover up to 2000 or even more years of ecological history. The coring method had to meet the following requirements: a) deliver 1.5-m-long cores from different sediment settings (mud to sand, reflecting a wide range of benthic habitats in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>); b) enable quick and easy deployment to ensure that multiple cores can be taken at the individual sampling stations within a short time; c) be relatively affordable and allow handling by the researchers themselves, potentially using a small vessel in order to further contain the operating costs. Two types of UWITEC™ piston corers were used to meet these requirements. A model with 90 mm of diameter (samples for sediment analysis) and another one with 160 mm, specifically designed to obtain the large amount of material needed for shell analysis, successfully delivered a total of 54 cores. The device consists of a stabilizing tripod and the interchangeable coring cylinders. It is equipped with a so-called hammer action that makes it possible, at least for the smaller cylinder, to penetrate even harder sediments. A closing mechanism of the corer retains the sediment in the cylinder upon extraction; it works either</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1412999A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1412999A"><span>Climate change effects on environment (marine, atmospheric and terrestrial) and human perception in an Italian Region (Marche) and the nearby northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Appiotti, F.; Krzelj, M.; Marincioni, F.; Russo, A.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>An integrated analysis of recent climate change, including atmosphere, <span class="hlt">sea</span> and land, as well as some of the impacts on society, has been conducted on the Marche Region in central Italy and the northern portion of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The Marche Region is one of the 20 administrative divisions of Italy, located at a latitude approximately 43° North, with a total surface area of 9,366 km2 and 1,565,000 residents. The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is the northernmost area of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and it has peculiar relevance for several aspects (environment, tourism, fisheries, economy). The collected environmental data included meteorological stations (daily maximum and minimum air temperature, daily precipitation), oceanographic stations (<span class="hlt">sea</span> temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrient salts concentration, chlorophyll) and river flows, over the last 50 years. The collected social data include 800 questionnaires and interviews carried out on selected samples of residents, decision-makers and emergency managers. These questionnaires and interviews aimed at highlighting the perception of climate change risks. The trend analysis of air temperature and precipitation data detailed an overall temperature increase in all seasons and rainfall decreases in Winter, Spring and Summer with Autumn increases, influencing river flow changes. Marine data showed a relevant warming of the water column in the period after 1990 in comparison with the previous period, particularly in the cold season. Surface salinity increased in Spring and Summer and strongly decreased in Autumn and Winter (according with the precipitation and river flow changes). These last mentioned changes, combined with anthropogenic effects, also influenced the marine ecosystems, with changes of nutrient salts, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen. Changes in nutrient discharge from rivers influenced the average marine chlorophyll concentration reduction and the consequent average reduction of warm season hypoxic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/"><span>Coastal vulnerability assessment of the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico to <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise and coastal change</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pendleton, E.A.; Barras, J.A.; Williams, S.J.; Twichell, D.C.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map the relative vulnerability of the coast to future <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise along the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico from Galveston, TX, to Panama City, FL. The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise, historical shoreline change rate, mean tidal range, and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each variable are combined and an index value is calculated for 1-kilometer grid cells along the coast. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise might be the greatest. The CVI assessment presented here builds on an earlier assessment conducted for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Recent higher resolution shoreline change, land loss, elevation, and subsidence data provide the foundation for a better assessment for the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The areas along the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico that are likely to be most vulnerable to <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise are parts of the Louisiana Chenier Plain, Teche-Vermillion Basin, and the Mississippi barrier islands, as well as most of the Terrebonne and Barataria Bay region and the Chandeleur Islands. These very high vulnerability areas have the highest rates of relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise and the highest rates of shoreline change or land area loss. The information provided by coastal vulnerability assessments can be used in long-term coastal management and policy decision making.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17408735','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17408735"><span>Effect of copper on the scope for growth of clams (Tapes philippinarum) from a farming area in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Munari, Cristina; Mistri, Michele</p> <p>2007-09-01</p> <p>Copper is currently the most common biocide in antifouling paints. Levels of this metal were measured in the water, particulate matter and sediments from a shellfish farming area in the Sacca di Goro (Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) over one year. With respect to the 1980s, copper environmental level increased twofold. The release of copper from shellfish farmers' boats was also estimated to be > 250 kg Cu y(-1). Clams Tapes philippinarum were collected in the same area and seasonally exposed to a sublethal (10 microg Cu l(-1)) concentration of copper. Physiological traits were significantly affected by copper exposure (scope for growth declined as a result of reduced clearance rate, increased oxygen consumption and a generally lower absorption efficiency). The results of this study are cause for concern for shellfish farming activities at least in Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, where shellfish farming is a monoculture of T. philippinarum. A strict interpretation of the precautionary principle might suggest that more rigorous regulatory action to control copper inputs in the field would be justified.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18054129','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18054129"><span>127I and 129I/127I isotopic ratio in marine alga Fucus virsoides from the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Osterc, Andrej; Stibilj, Vekoslava</p> <p>2008-04-01</p> <p>The only stable iodine isotope is 127I and the natural 129I/127I ratio in the biosphere has increased from 10(-15)-10(-14) to 10(-10)-10(-9), mainly due to emissions from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. In Europe they are located at La Hague (France) and Sellafield (England), where the ratio of 129I/127I is up to 10(-4). The marine environment, i.e. the oceans, is the major source of iodine with average concentrations of around 60 mirogL(-1) iodine in seawater. Brown algae accumulate iodine at high levels of up to 1.0% of dry weight, and therefore they are an ideal bioindicator for studying the levels of 127I and 129I in the marine environment. A radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) method, developed at our laboratory, was used for 129I determination in the brown alga Fucus virsoides (Donati) J. Agardh, and the same technique of RNAA was used for total 127I determination. The samples were collected along the coast of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste and the West coast of Istria in the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in the period from 2005 to 2006. Values of the 129I/127I ratio up to 10(-9) were found, which is in agreement with the present average global distribution of 129I. The levels of stable iodine found were in the range from 235 to 506 microg g(-1) and the levels of 129I from 1.7 to 7.3 x 10(-3)Bq kg(-1) (2.6-10.9 x 10(-7) microg g(-1)), on a dry matter basis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHI33A..05B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHI33A..05B"><span>Describing River Plume Interactions in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Using High Resolution Satellite Turbidity And <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Surface Temperature Observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brando, V. E.; Braga, F.; Zaggia, L.; Carniel, S.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> surface temperature (SST) and turbidity (T) derived from Landsat-8 (L8) imagery were used to characterize river plumes in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (NAS). <span class="hlt">Sea</span> surface salinity (SSS) from an operational coupled ocean-wave model supported the interpretation of the plumes interaction with the receiving waters and among them. In this study we used L8 OLI and TIRS imagery of 19 November 2014 capturing a significant freshwater inflow into the NAS for mapping both T and SST at 30 meters resolution. Sharp fronts in T and SST delimited each single river plume. The isotherms and turbidity isolines coupling varied among the plumes due to differences in particle loads and surface temperatures in the discharged waters. Overall, there was a good agreement of the SSS, T, and SST fields at the mesoscale delineation of the major river plumes. Landsat-8 30m resolution enabled the identification of smaller plume structures and the description at small scale and sub-mesoscale of the plume dynamical regions for all plume structures, as well as their interactions in the NAS. Although this study presents data captured with a sensor having a revisiting time of 16 days, we expect that with the recent launch of ESA's Sentinel 2A and the forthcoming launch of Sentinel 2B the temporal resolution will increase reaching almost the 1-3 days revisit time normally associated with Ocean Colour Radiometry (OCR). Combined with their radiometric resolution similar to OCR missions, these developments will thus offer an opportunity to also describe the temporal evolution of plume structures at the sub-mesoscale.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JSR....89...12S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JSR....89...12S"><span>Common sole in the northern and central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Spatial management scenarios to rebuild the stock</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Scarcella, Giuseppe; Grati, Fabio; Raicevich, Saša; Russo, Tommaso; Gramolini, Roberto; Scott, Robert D.; Polidori, Piero; Domenichetti, Filippo; Bolognini, Luca; Giovanardi, Otello; Celić, Igor; Sabatini, Laura; Vrgoč, Nedo; Isajlović, Igor; Marčeta, Bojan; Fabi, Gianna</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The northern and central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> represents an important spawning and aggregation area for common sole (Solea solea) and provides for around 20% of the Mediterranean landings. In this area, this resource is mainly exploited with rapido trawl and set nets. The stock is not yet depleted and faces a situation of growth overfishing. The comparison between the spatial distribution by age of S. solea and the geographic patterns of the rapido trawl fishing effort evidenced an overlapping of this fishing activity with the area where juveniles concentrate (age groups 0-2). The majority of spawners inhabits specific offshore areas, here defined as ‘sole sanctuaries', where high concentrations of debris and benthic communities make difficult trawling with rapido. The aim of this study was to evaluate existing spatial management regimes and potential new spatial and temporal closures in the northern and central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> using a simple modelling tool. Two spatial simulations were carried out in order to verify the effectiveness of complementary methods for the management of fisheries: the ban of rapido trawling from October to December within 6 nautical miles and 9 nautical miles of the Italian coast. The focus of the simulation is that the effort of the rapido trawl is moved far from the coast during key sole recruitment periods, when the juveniles are moving from the inshore nursery area toward the offshore feeding grounds. The management scenarios showed that a change in selectivity would lead to a clear increase in the spawning stock biomass and an increase in landings of S. solea in the medium-term. The rapido trawl activity could be managed by using a different logic, bearing in mind that catches and incomes would increase with small changes in the spatial pattern of the fishing effort. The present study highlights the importance of taking into account spatial dimensions of fishing fleets and the possible interactions that can occur between fleets and target</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUSMPP31A..02V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUSMPP31A..02V"><span>Reconstruction of <span class="hlt">Sea</span>/Lake-Level Changes in an Active Strike-Slip Basin (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Cariaco, NE Venezuela)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>van Daele, M.; Audemard, F.; Beck, C.; de Batist, M.; van Welden, A.; Moernaut, J.; 2006 Shipboard Party, G.</p> <p>2008-05-01</p> <p>In January 2006, 76 high-resolution reflection seismic profiles were acquired in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Cariaco, Northeast Venezuela. In the upper 100 m of sedimentary infill, 17 unconformity-bounded sequences were identified and mapped throughout the basin. Up to now, no core or borehole information is available to provide age constraints on these units. The sedimentary infill is cut by several faults, Riedel faults in the central part and the El Pilar fault (one of the main faults of the South American-Caribbean plate boundary) in the southern part of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. The connection of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Cariaco with the adjacent Cariaco Basin occurs at a present-day water depth of ~ 55 m. This implies that the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> was disconnected from the world ocean and functioned as a lake during a large part of the last glacial. The main rivers entering the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> drain the coastal mountain ranges and tend to form pronounced deltas at their inlet. During times when the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> was a lake, periods with a dry climate resulted in dramatic lake-level lowstands and even complete desiccation/evaporation. The present-day depths of delta offlap breaks and the presence of lowstand/evaporite deposits can thus be used to estimate <span class="hlt">sea</span>/lake level at the time of their formation. Detailed analysis of these stratigraphic <span class="hlt">sea</span>/lake-level indicators allowed reconstructing the <span class="hlt">sea</span>/lake-level history for the period encompassed by the 17 identified sequences. This <span class="hlt">sea</span>/lake-level reconstruction also needed to be corrected for tectonic subsidence, affecting different parts of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> with different intensity. The reconstructed <span class="hlt">sea</span>/lake-level curve of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Cariaco was compared with the eustatic <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level curve and with results of previous paleoclimate studies in Venezuela. The striking coherence between the eustatic curve and the amplitudes and absolute heights of successive reconstructed lowstands and highstands compelled us to tune our record to the eustatic curve in order to achieve a rough age estimate for our units</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342092','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342092"><span>Occurrence of organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs) and pathologic findings in loggerhead <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles, Caretta caretta, from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Storelli, Maria M; Zizzo, Nicola</p> <p>2014-02-15</p> <p>Livers of 12 loggerhead <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles, Caretta caretta from the Eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) were analyzed for the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Pathological and microbiological studies were also carried out in order to provide a contribution to the knowledge of causes of Mediterranean turtle death. Boat-strike injuries, entanglement in derelict fishing nets and ingestion of hooks and monofilament lines are the causes of death most frequently observed. PCBs (average: 1,399 ng g(-1) fat basis) were the dominant chemicals, followed by PCDFs (average: 61 pg g(-1) fat basic) and PCDDs (average: 16 pg g(-1) fat basis). Hexachlorobiphenyl 153 accounted for the greatest proportion of the total PCBs, followed in order by PCB 138 and PCB 180 (14.1%). Mid-chlorinated, penta-through hepta-PCBs were among the top contributors to the sum of total PCBs, while the homolog pattern of PCCD/Fs was dominated by the tetra- to hexa-substituted congeners. In general the contamination level observed here was comparable with that reported in literature for specimens from different marine areas. Average TEQPCDD/Fs+Dl-PCBs concentration was 27.02 pg g(-1) wet weight (305.1 pg g(-1) lipid weight), with dioxin like-PCBs (93.4%) contributing much more to the total than PCDFs (3.9%) and PCDDs (2.7%). The appreciable concentration of TEQ would at first suggest that there are signs of potential threats to the health of these marine reptiles. Apart from PCBs, this is the first study documenting concentrations of PCDD/Fs in marine turtles from the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Further investigations are urgently needed to characterize their contamination level for a better future protection and conservation of this endangered animal. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28784270','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28784270"><span>Temporal evolution of the environmental quality of the Vallona Lagoon (Northern Mediterranean, <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maggi, Chiara; Berducci, Maria Teresa; Di Lorenzo, Bianca; Dattolo, Manuela; Cozzolino, Antonella; Mariotti, Silvia; Fabrizi, Valerio; Spaziani, Roberta; Virno Lamberti, Claudia</p> <p>2017-12-15</p> <p>Guidance Document 25/2010, suggests sediment and biota are the most suitable matrices for the trend monitoring purpose, because they integrate the pollution over time and space. So, from 2005 to 2014, the sediment and biota concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb) were analysed in the Vallona Lagoon (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy), widely used for intensive and extensive bivalve farming. The contamination levels in sediment and biota were compared with Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) and threshold levels (TL) for human health. The results identified critical issues related to Cd in sediment samples as well as to Hg and Pb in biota which were not only ascribable to the physiological and seasonal variability of organisms. The Cr and Ni levels in sediment were higher than the EQS. However, the concentration increases at biota stations close to sites where EQS excesses were observed in sediment were not verified. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20403816','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20403816"><span>226Ra activity in the mullet species Liza aurata and South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> marine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Antovic, N M; Antovic, I; Svrkota, N</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>(226)Ra activity in the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>-water, surface sediment, mud with detritus, seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) samples and the mullet (Mugilidae) species Liza aurata, as well as soil and sand from the Montenegrin Coast-was measured using the six-crystal gamma-coincidence spectrometer PRIPYAT-2M. The results are used for calculation of the absorbed (and annual effective) dose rates in air due to the (226)Ra gamma radiation. The absorbed dose rates ranged from 5.94 to 97.16 nGy h(-1) (soil) and from 0.65 to 7.65 nGy h(-1) (sand). In seawater (226)Ra activity is found to be from 0.08 to 0.15 Bq l(-1), while in whole L. aurata individuals from 0.58 to 1.97 Bq kg(-1). Annual intake of (226)Ra by human consumers of this fish species has been estimated to provide an effective dose of 0.006 mSv y(-1).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRC..107.3108P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRC..107.3108P"><span>Importance of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba for the formation of bottom water in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Plähn, Olaf; Baschek, Burkard; Badewien, Thomas H.; Walter, Maren; Rhein, Monika</p> <p>2002-08-01</p> <p>Conductivity-temperature-depth tracer and direct current measurements collected in the northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in February and March 1999 are used to study the formation of deep and bottom water in that region. Historical data showed that open ocean convection in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> can contribute to the renewal of intermediate or deep water but cannot ventilate the bottom water. The observations in 1999 showed no evidence for open ocean convection in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> during the winter 1998/1999. The overflow water from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba was found to be the densest water mass in the northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. An anomaly of the chlorofluorocarbon component CFC-12 observed in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and at the bottom of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> suggests a strong contribution of this water mass to the renewal of bottom water in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The CFC data obtained during this cruise are the first available for this region. Because of the new signal, it is possible for the first time to subdivide the deep water column into deep and bottom water in the northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The available data set also shows that the outflow water from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez is not dense enough to reach down to the bottom of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> but was found about 250 m above the bottom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcDyn..61..991G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcDyn..61..991G"><span>Eddy resolving modelling of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lions and Catalan <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Garreau, Pierre; Garnier, Valérie; Schaeffer, Amandine</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>The generation process of strong long-lived eddies flowing southwestwards along the Catalan slope was revealed through numerical modelling and in situ observations. Careful analyses of a particular event in autumn 2007 demonstrated a link between a "LATEX" eddy, which remained in the southwestern corner of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lions and a "CATALAN" eddy, which moved along the Catalan Shelf, since the death of the former gave birth to the latter. The origin of such eddies was found to be an accumulation of potential energy in the southwestern corner of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lions: under the influence of the negative wind stress curl associated with the Tramontane, a warm and less dense water body can be isolated and fed by a coastal current carrying warm water from the Catalan <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. In summer, this structure can grow and intensify to generate a strong anticyclonic eddy. After a long period of Tramontane, a burst of southeasterlies and northerlies appeared to detach the "LATEX" eddy, which flowed out of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lions, migrating along the Catalan continental slope and continued into the Balearic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> as the "CATALAN" eddy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T51A2889D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T51A2889D"><span>An Amphibious Seismic Study of the Crustal Structure of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Microplate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dannowski, A.; Kopp, H.; Schurr, B.; Improta, L.; Papenberg, C. A.; Krabbenhoeft, A.; Argnani, A.; Ustaszewski, K. M.; Handy, M.; Glavatovic, B.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The present-day structure of the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> area is controlled by two oppositely-vergent fold-and-thrust belt systems (Apennines and Dinarides). The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> continental domain is one of the most enigmatic segments of the Alpine-Mediterranean collision zone. It separated from the African plate during the Mesozoic extensional phase that led to the opening of the Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Basin widening and deepening peaked during Late Triassic-Liassic extension, resulting in the formation of the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> basin, bounded on either side by the Dinaric and Apulian shallow water carbonate platforms. Because of its present foreland position with respect to the Dinaric part of orogenic belt, the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> basin represents the only remnant of the Neotethyan margin and offers the unique opportunity to image a segment of Mesozoic passive margin in the Mediterranean. To study the deep crustal structure, the upper mantle and the shape of the plate margin, the German research vessel Meteor acquired 2D seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection data during an onshore-offshore experiment (cruise M86-3). We present two profiles: Profile P03 crossed Adria from the Gargano Promontory into Albania. A second profile (P01) was shot parallel to the coastlines, extending from the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> basin to a possible mid-<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> strike-slip fault that purportedly segments the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate. Two different approaches of travel time tomography are applied to the data set: A non-linear approach is used for the shorter profile P01. A linear approach is applied to profile P03 (360 km length) and allows for the integration of the 36 ocean bottom stations and 19 land stations. First results show a good resolution of the sedimentary part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region. The depth of the basement as well as the depth of the Moho discontinuity vary laterally and deepen towards the North-East, consistent with the notion of flexural loading of the externally propagating orogenic wedge of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27634739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27634739"><span>Plastic litter in sediments from the Croatian marine protected area of the natural park of Telaščica bay (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blašković, Andrea; Fastelli, Paolo; Čižmek, Hrvoje; Guerranti, Cristiana; Renzi, Monia</p> <p>2017-01-15</p> <p>This paper reports baseline levels of litter (macro, meso and microplastics) in sediments collected from different areas of the Croatian MPA of the Natural Park of Telaščica bay (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, GSA n. 17). The distribution of total abundance according to size, for all analysed locations evidences that microplastics are the dominant fraction concerning item's numbers. In all analysed samples no macroplastics were found, while microplastics are 88.71% and mesoplastics are 11.29% of the total. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS...96..245P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS...96..245P"><span>Functional structure of marine benthic assemblages using Biological Traits Analysis (BTA): A study along the Emilia-Romagna coastline (Italy, North-West <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Paganelli, Daniele; Marchini, Agnese; Occhipinti-Ambrogi, Anna</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The functional diversity index has shown that the functional diversity of the macrobenthic community increased along a spatial gradient of distance from the Po river delta (Emilia-Romagna coast, Italy, North-<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>), which suggests that riverine inputs have a detrimental effect on community functioning. This study focuses on two different depths along a southward gradient of increasing distance from the Po river delta where the Po river is the main source of freshwater and nutrient inputs in the North-<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. A Biological Traits Analysis (BTA) was used to examine a dataset of 156 soft-bottom macrobenthic species that were collected at eight stations in this area. Instead of comparing communities on the basis of their taxonomic composition, BTA uses a series of life history, morphological and behavioural characteristics of species to indicate aspects of their ecological functioning. The variability of the Emilia-Romagna dataset was governed by relatively few biological traits: growth form, trophic group, type of movement, habit, adult mobility and bioturbation activity. The community closer to the coastline was mainly composed of moderately mobile vermiform organisms with burrowing or tube-dwelling behaviour, and deposit feeding behaviour. However, the offshore community was mainly characterized by organisms with a laterally compressed or globose body and tube-dwelling behaviour; filter feeders and deposit feeders were dominant.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DyAtO..75...46G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DyAtO..75...46G"><span>Free and forced Rossby normal modes in a rectangular <span class="hlt">gulf</span> of arbitrary orientation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Graef, Federico</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>A free Rossby normal mode in a rectangular <span class="hlt">gulf</span> of arbitrary orientation is constructed by considering the reflection of a Rossby mode in a channel at the head of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Therefore, it is the superposition of four Rossby waves in an otherwise unbounded ocean with the same frequency and wavenumbers perpendicular to the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> axis whose difference is equal to 2mπ/W, where m is a positive integer and W the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>'s width. The lower (or higher) modes with small m (or large m) are oscillatory (evanescent) in the coordinate along the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>; these are elucidated geometrically. However for oceanographically realistic parameter values, most of the modes are evanescent. When the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is forced at the mouth with a single Fourier component, the response is in general an infinite sum of modes that are needed to match the value of the streamfunction at the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>'s entrance. The dominant mode of the response is the resonant one, which corresponds to forcing with a frequency ω and wavenumber normal to the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> axis η appropriate to a <span class="hlt">gulf</span> mode: η =- β sin α/(2ω) ± Mπ/W, where α is the angle between the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>'s axis and the eastern direction (+ve clockwise) and M the resonant's mode number. For zonal <span class="hlt">gulfs</span> ω drops out of the resonance condition. For the special cases η = 0 in which the free surface goes up and down at the mouth with no flow through it, or a flow with a sinusoidal profile, resonant modes can get excited for very specific frequencies (only for non-zonal <span class="hlt">gulfs</span> in the η = 0 case). The resonant mode is around the annual frequency for a wide range of <span class="hlt">gulf</span> orientations α ∈ [40°, 130°] or α ∈ [220°, 310°] and <span class="hlt">gulf</span> widths between 150 and 200 km; these include the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California and the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. If η is imaginary, i.e. a flow with an exponential profile, there is no resonance. In general less modes get excited if the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is zonally oriented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8310B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8310B"><span>On using scatterometer and altimeter data to improve storm surge forecasting in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bajo, Marco; Umgiesser, Georg; De Biasio, Francesco; Vignudelli, Stefano; Zecchetto, Stefano</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Satellite data are seldom used in storm surge forecasting. Among the most important issues related to the storm surge forecasting are the quality of the model wind forcing and the initial condition of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface elevation. In this work, focused on storm surge forecasting in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, satellite scatterometer wind data are used to correct the wind speed and direction biases of the ECMWF global atmospheric model by tuning the spatial fields, as an alternative to data assimilation. The capability of such an unbiased wind is tested against that of a high resolution wind, produced by a regional non-hydrostatic model. On the other hand, altimeter Total Water Level Envelope (TWLE) data, which provide the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level elevation, are used to improve the accuracy of the initial state of the model simulations. This is done by assimilating into a storm surge model the TWLE obtained by the altimeter observations along ground tracks, after subtraction of the tidal components. In order to test the methodology, eleven storm surge events recorded in Venice, from 2008 to 2012, have been simulated using different configurations of forcing wind and altimeter data assimilation. Results show that the relative error on the estimation of the maximum surge peak, averaged over the cases considered, decreases from 13% to 7% using both the unbiased wind and the altimeter data assimilation, while forcing the hydrodynamic model with the high resolution wind (no tuning), the altimeter data assimilation reduces the error from 9% to 6%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFMOS52A0900H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFMOS52A0900H"><span>Dispersal of Sediment in the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> during Energetic Wintertime Forcing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Harris, C. K.; Sherwood, C. R.; Mullenbach, B. L.; Pullen, J. D.</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>EuroSTRATAFORM aims to relate sediment delivery and reworking to seabed morphology and stratigraphy through observations and modeling of water column transport. The Po River dominates buoyancy and sediment input into the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, but small Apeninne rivers (the Chienti, Pescara, etc.) may produce locally important signals. Sedimentation is influenced by fluvial supply, resuspension by waves and currents, and transport by oceanographic currents forced by winds and buoyancy. Transport is likely highest during times of energetic forcing; including Bora events with northeasterly winds and Sirocco events with southeasterly winds. It is difficult, from field measurements alone, to characterize dispersal and convergence patterns over the relevant spatial scales. We applied a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model that includes fluvial delivery, transport, resuspension, and deposition of sediment to quantify sediment dispersal with a 2-km resolution over the entire <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Circulation calculations were driven by spatially- and temporally-varying wind fields for the Fall / Winter of 2002 / 2003 and realistic Po and Apennine river discharges. Waves were hindcast with the SWAN model. Dispersion of both resuspended and river-derived sediment was estimated for periods that contained intense Bora and Sirocco winds. Predicted sediment dispersal rates and patterns are sensitive to forcing winds, buoyancy flux, and wave patterns. Higher sediment flux was predicted during Bora conditions than during Sirocco conditions. Sirocco winds weaken the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coastal Current (WACC), and because they tend to concentrate over the Eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, they often fail to create especially energetic waves in the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Bora wind conditions, on the other hand, intensify the WACC and can build high wave energies over the northwestern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Most of the sediment transport occurs during Bora, with a net southward flux. These predictions will be compared to field observations</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919504G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919504G"><span>Dissolved lipid production in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (Mediterranean) in response to <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface warmin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gasparovic, Blazenka; Novak, Tihana; Godrijan, Jelena; Mlakar, Marina; MAric, Daniela; Djakovac, Tamara</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Marine dissolved organic matter (OM) represents one of the largest active pools of organic carbon in the global carbon cycle. Oceans and <span class="hlt">seas</span> are responsible for half of global primary production. Ocean warming caused by climate change is already starting to impact the marine life that necessary will have impact on ocean productivity. The partition of OM production by phytoplankton (major OM producer in <span class="hlt">seas</span> and ocens) in the conditions of rising temperatures may considerably change. This has implications for the export of organic matter from the photic zone. In this study, we set out to see how annual temperature changes between 10 and 30 C in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (Mediterranean) affect production of DOM and particularly dissolved lipids and lipid classes. We have sampled at two stations being oligotrophic and mesotrophic where we expected different system reaction to temperature changes. In addition, we performed microcosm incubations covering temperature range of the NA with nutrient amendments to test whether changes in the available nutrients would reflect those of dissolved OM in the NA. We have selected to work with extracellular OM produced during growth of diatom Chaetoceros curvisetus cultures according to the criteria that genera Chaetoceros are important component of the phytoplankton in the NA and are often among bloom-forming taxa. Details on the dissolved lipid and lipid classes production as plankton responce to rising temperature will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870036448&hterms=image+heterogeneity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dimage%2Bheterogeneity','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870036448&hterms=image+heterogeneity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dimage%2Bheterogeneity"><span>Space and time variability of the surface color field in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Barale, Vittorio; Mcclain, Charles R.; Malanotte-Rizzoli, Paola</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>A time series of coastal zone color scanner images for the years 1979 and 1980 was used to observe the spatial and temporal variability of bio-optical processes and circulation patterns of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> on monthly, seasonal, and interannual scales. The chlorophyll-like pigment concentrations derived from satellite data exhibited a high correlation with <span class="hlt">sea</span> truth measurements performed during seven surveys in the summer of both years. Comparison of the mean pigment fields indicates a general increase in concentration values and larger scales of coastal features from 1979 to 1980. This variability may be linked to the different patterns of nutrient influx due to coastal runoff in the 2 years. The distribution of surface features is consistent with the general cyclonic circulation pattern. The pigment heterogeneity appears to be governed by fluctuations of freshwater discharge, while the dominant wind fields do not appear to have important direct effects. The Po River presents a plume spreading predominantly in a southeastern direction, with scales positively correlated with its outflow. The spatial scales of the western coastal layer, in contrast, are negatively correlated with this outflow and the plume scales. Both results are consistent with, and may be rationalized by, recent theoretical and experimental results involving a dynamical balance between nonlinear advection and bottom friction, with alternate predominance of one of the two effects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999GeoRL..26...71P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999GeoRL..26...71P"><span>Pollutants from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> War serve as water mass tracer in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Plähn, Olaf; Rhein, Monika; Fine, Rana A.; Sullivan, Kevin F.</p> <p></p> <p>In 1995, concentrations of the chlorofluorocarbon compound CFC-12 in the outflow water from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> were 8-40 fold higher than normally caused by air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> gas exchange. At that time, the anomaly was restricted to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman north of 20°N, while in 1998 the signal had spread southwestward to 12°N. The sources of this CFC-12 input of about 6400 kg are most likely the fire extinguishers and solvents used during and after the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> War in 1991. This CFC-12 signal is a new feature of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Water (PGW) which can be used to track and quantify the spreading and dilution of PGW in the northern Indian Ocean. The contaminated PGW spreads southward with a mean velocity of 0.02-0.025 m s-1. At 20°N, the anomaly is diluted by a factor of more than two, and east of the island Socotra by a factor of four. A mean transport of less than 0.5·106 m³ s-1 is calculated for PGW assuming a mean dilution rate of 30% from the source signal in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman to the western Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.6006A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.6006A"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rise within the west of Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> using tide gauge and continuous GPS measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ayhan, M. E.; Alothman, A.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is connected to Indian Ocean and located in the south-west of the Zagros Trust Belt. To investigate <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variations within the west of Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, monthly means of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level at 13 tide gauges along the coast of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, available in the database of the Permanent Service for Mean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level (PSMSL), are studied. We analyzed individually the monthly means at each station, and estimated secular <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rate by a robust linear trend fitting. We computed the average relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise rate of 1.96 ± 0.21 mm/yr within the west of Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> based on 4 stations spanning longer than 19 years. Vertical land motions are included into the relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level measurements at the tide gauges. Therefore <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rates at the stations are corrected for vertical land motions using the ICE-5G v1.2 VM4 Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model then we found the average <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise rate of 2.27 mm/yr. Bahrain International GPS Service (IGS) GPS station, which is close to the Mina Sulman tide gauge station in Bahrain, is the only continuous GPS station accessible in the region. The weekly GPS time series of vertical component at Bahrain IGS-GPS station referring to the ITRF97 from 1999.2 to 2008.6 are downloaded from http://www-gps.mit.edu/~tah/. We fitted a linear trend with an annual signal and one break to the GPS vertical time series and found a vertical land motion rate of 0.48 ± 0.11 mm/yr. Assuming the vertical rate at Bahrain IGS-GPS station represents the vertical rate at each of the other tide gauge stations studied here in the region, we computed average <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise rate of 2.44 ± 0.21 mm/yr within the west of Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ClDy...42..401O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ClDy...42..401O"><span>Intraseasonal variability of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level and circulation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand: the role of the Madden-Julian Oscillation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oliver, Eric C. J.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Intraseasonal variability of the tropical Indo-Pacific ocean is strongly related to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Shallow <span class="hlt">seas</span> in this region, such as the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand, act as amplifiers of the direct ocean response to surface wind forcing by efficient setup of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. Intraseasonal ocean variability in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand region is examined using statistical analysis of local tide gauge observations and surface winds. The tide gauges detect variability on intraseasonal time scales that is related to the MJO through its effect on local wind. The relationship between the MJO and the surface wind is strongly seasonal, being most vigorous during the monsoon, and direction-dependent. The observations are then supplemented with simulations of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level and circulation from a fully nonlinear barotropic numerical ocean model (Princeton Ocean Model). The numerical model reproduces well the intraseasonal <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variability in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand and its seasonal modulations. The model is then used to map the wind-driven response of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level and circulation in the entire <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand. Finally, the predictability of the setup and setdown signal is discussed by relating it to the, potentially predictable, MJO index.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...143..311L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...143..311L"><span>Interannual (2009-2013) variability of winter-spring phytoplankton in the open South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Effects of deep convection and lateral advection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ljubimir, Stijepo; Jasprica, Nenad; Čalić, Marijeta; Hrustić, Enis; Dupčić Radić, Iris; Car, Ana; Batistić, Mirna</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (SA) is an entry point for water masses originating from the Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (IS) and a place of dense water formation for the eastern Mediterranean deep circulation cell. Water masses, entering the SA in larger amount during the winter, show decadal variability explained by different circulating regimes (cyclonic and anticyclonic) in the IS, referred to as "Bimodal Oscillating System" (BiOS). Sampling station was situated in the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit (SAP) with depth of 1200 m. Micro- and nano-phytoplankton abundances, community structure, chlorophyll a concentrations, physical and chemical properties are presented in the winter and spring months for five consecutive years (2009-2013) during different circulating regimes of BiOS. Vertical convective mixing was regularly observed in winter except in 2011 which had effect on nutrient availability and consequently on biomass of primary producers. Effect of strong vertical mixing in February 2012 resulted with exceptionally high phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a concentrations in March of 2012. Strong convective mixing resulted in higher diatom abundances, comparing to winter when mixing did not occur. No such bloom was observed during investigated spring.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193070','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193070"><span>Reconstructing Common Era relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level change on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast of Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Gerlach, Matthew J.; Engelhart, Simon E.; Kemp, Andrew C.; Moyer, Ryan P.; Smoak, Joseph M.; Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Cahill, Niamh</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>To address a paucity of Common Era data in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, we reconstructed ~ 1.1 m of relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level (RSL) rise over the past ~ 2000 years at Little Manatee River (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast of Florida, USA). We applied a regional-scale foraminiferal transfer function to fossil assemblages preserved in a core of salt-marsh peat and organic silt that was dated using radiocarbon and recognition of pollution, 137Cs and pollen chronohorizons. Our proxy reconstruction was combined with tide-gauge data from four nearby sites spanning 1913–2014 CE. Application of an Errors-in-Variables Integrated Gaussian Process (EIV-IGP) model to the combined proxy and instrumental dataset demonstrates that RSL fell from ~ 350 to 100 BCE, before rising continuously to present. This initial RSL fall was likely the result of local-scale processes (e.g., silting up of a tidal flat or shallow sub-tidal shoal) as salt-marsh development at the site began. Since ~ 0 CE, we consider the reconstruction to be representative of regional-scale RSL trends. We removed a linear rate of 0.3 mm/yr from the RSL record using the EIV-IGP model to estimate climate-driven <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level trends and to facilitate comparison among sites. This analysis demonstrates that since ~ 0 CE <span class="hlt">sea</span> level did not deviate significantly from zero until accelerating continuously from ~ 1500 CE to present. <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level was rising at 1.33 mm/yr in 1900 CE and accelerated until 2014 CE when a rate of 2.02 mm/yr was attained, which is the fastest, century-scale trend in the ~ 2000-year record. Comparison to existing reconstructions from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coast of Louisiana and the Atlantic coast of northern Florida reveal similar <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level histories at all three sites. We explored the influence of compaction and fluvial processes on our reconstruction and concluded that compaction was likely insignificant. Fluvial processes were also likely insignificant, but further proxy evidence is needed to fully test this hypothesis. Our results</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15725379','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15725379"><span>Genetic population structure of the lionfish Pterois miles (Scorpaenidae, Pteroinae) in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kochzius, Marc; Blohm, Dietmar</p> <p>2005-03-14</p> <p>The aim of this study is to reveal gene flow between populations of the coral reef dwelling lionfish Pterois miles in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Due to the fjord-like hydrography and topology of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba, isolation of populations might be possible. Analysis of 5' mitochondrial control region sequences from 94 P. miles specimens detected 32 polymorphic sites, yielding 38 haplotypes. Sequence divergence among different haplotypes ranged from 0.6% to 9.9% and genetic diversity was high (h=0.85, pi=1.9%). AMOVA indicates panmixia between the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, but analysis of migration pattern shows an almost unidirectional migration originating from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3934586','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3934586"><span>Harmful Algae Records in Venice Lagoon and in Po River Delta (Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bilaničovà, Dagmar; Marcomini, Antonio</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A detailed review of harmful algal blooms (HAB) in northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> lagoons (Po River Delta and Venice lagoon) is presented to provide “updated reference conditions” for future research and monitoring activities. In the study areas, the high mollusc production requires the necessity to identify better methods able to prevent risks for human health and socioeconomical interests. So, an integrated approach for the identification and quantification of algal toxins is presented by combining microscopy techniques with Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HR-TOF-MS). The method efficiency was first tested on some samples from the mentioned coastal areas, where Dinophysis spp. occurred during summer in the sites directly affected by seawaters. Although cell abundance was always <200 cells/L, the presence of Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), detected by HPLC-HR-TOF-MS, indicated the potential release of detectable amounts of toxins even at low cell abundance. PMID:24683360</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24683360','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24683360"><span>Harmful algae records in Venice lagoon and in Po River Delta (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Facca, Chiara; Bilaničovà, Dagmar; Pojana, Giulio; Sfriso, Adriano; Marcomini, Antonio</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A detailed review of harmful algal blooms (HAB) in northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> lagoons (Po River Delta and Venice lagoon) is presented to provide "updated reference conditions" for future research and monitoring activities. In the study areas, the high mollusc production requires the necessity to identify better methods able to prevent risks for human health and socioeconomical interests. So, an integrated approach for the identification and quantification of algal toxins is presented by combining microscopy techniques with Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HR-TOF-MS). The method efficiency was first tested on some samples from the mentioned coastal areas, where Dinophysis spp. occurred during summer in the sites directly affected by seawaters. Although cell abundance was always <200 cells/L, the presence of Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), detected by HPLC-HR-TOF-MS, indicated the potential release of detectable amounts of toxins even at low cell abundance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24317085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24317085"><span>Ecology and genetic structure of zoonotic Anisakis spp. from <span class="hlt">adriatic</span> commercial fish species.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mladineo, Ivona; Poljak, Vedran</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Consumption of raw or thermally inadequately treated fishery products represents a public health risk, with the possibility of propagation of live Anisakis larvae, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease anisakidosis, or anisakiasis. We investigated the population dynamics of Anisakis spp. in commercially important fish-anchovies (Anisakis), sardines (Sardina pilchardus), European hake (Merluccius merluccius), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), and Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)-captured in the main <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> fishing ground. We observed a significant difference in the numbers of parasite larvae (1 to 32) in individual hosts and between species, with most fish showing high or very high Anisakis population indices. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that commercial fish in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are parasitized by Anisakis pegreffii (95.95%) and Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (4.05%). The genetic structure of A. pegreffii in demersal, pelagic, and top predator hosts was unstructured, and the highest frequency of haplotype sharing (n = 10) was between demersal and pelagic fish.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSM.A23B..01K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSM.A23B..01K"><span>Air-<span class="hlt">Sea</span> Interaction in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Tehuantepec</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khelif, D.; Friehe, C. A.; Melville, W. K.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>Measurements of meteorological fields and turbulence were made during gap wind events in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Tehuantepec using the NSF C-130 aircraft. The flight patterns started at the shore and progressed to approximately 300km offshore with low-level (30m) tracks, stacks and soundings. Parameterizations of the wind stress, sensible and latent heat fluxes were obtained from approximately 700 5 km low-level tracks. Structure of the marine boundary layer as it evolved off-shore was obtained with stack patterns, aircraft soundings and deployment of dropsondes. The air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> fluxes approximately follow previous parameterizations with some evidence of the drag coefficient leveling out at about 20 meters/sec with the latent heat flux slightly increasing. The boundary layer starts at shore as a gap wind low-level jet, thins as the jet expands out over the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, exhibits a hydraulic jump, and then increases due to turbulent mixing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002GeoRL..29.2025B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002GeoRL..29.2025B"><span><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden eddies and their impact on Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bower, Amy S.; Fratantoni, David M.; Johns, William E.; Peters, Hartmut</p> <p>2002-11-01</p> <p>New oceanographic observations in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden in the northwestern Indian Ocean have revealed large, energetic, deep-reaching mesoscale eddies that fundamentally influence the spreading rates and pathways of intermediate-depth Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water (RSW). Three eddies were sampled in February 2001, two cyclonic and one anticyclonic, with diameters 150-250 km. Both cyclones had surface-intensified velocity structure with maxima ~0.5 m s-1, while the equally-energetic anticyclone appeared to be decoupled from the surface circulation. All three eddies reached nearly to the 1000-2000 m deep <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor, with speeds as high as 0.2-0.3 m s-1 extending through the depth range of RSW. Comparison of salinity and direct velocity measurements indicates that the eddies advect and stir RSW through the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. Anomalous water properties in the center of the anticyclonic eddy point to a possible formation site in the Somali Current System.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012BGD.....910331C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012BGD.....910331C"><span>CO2 exchange in a temperate marginal <span class="hlt">sea</span> of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: processes and carbon budget</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cossarini, G.; Querin, S.; Solidoro, C.</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>Marginal <span class="hlt">seas</span> play a potentially important role in the global carbon cycle; however, due to differences in the scales of variability and dynamics, marginal <span class="hlt">seas</span> are seldom fully accounted for in global models or estimates. Specific high-resolution studies may elucidate the role of marginal <span class="hlt">seas</span> and assist in the compilation of a complete global budget. In this study, we investigated the air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> exchange and the carbon cycle dynamics in a marginal sub-basin of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) by adopting a coupled transport-biogeochemical model of intermediate complexity including carbonate dynamics. The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a highly productive area owed to riverine fertilisation and is a site of intense dense water formation both on the northern continental shelf and in the southern sub-basin. Therefore, the study area may be an important site of CO2 sequestration in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The results of the model simulation show that the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, as a whole, is a CO2 sink with a mean annual flux of 36 mg m-2 day-1. The northern part absorbs more carbon (68 mg m-2 day-1) due to an efficient continental shelf pump process, whereas the southern part behaves similar to an open ocean. Nonetheless, the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> accumulates dense, southward-flowing, carbon-rich water produced on the northern shelf. During a warm year and despite an increase in aquatic primary productivity, the sequestration of atmospheric CO2 is reduced by approximately 15% due to alterations of the solubility pump and reduced dense water formation. The seasonal cycle of temperature and biological productivity modulates the efficiency of the carbon pump at the surface, whereas the intensity of winter cooling in the northern sub-basin leads to the export of C-rich dense water to the deep layer of the southern sub-basin and, subsequently, to the interior of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP53D..04V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP53D..04V"><span>Sclerochronology - tool for uncovering environmental drivers in a semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vilibic, I.; Peharda, M.; Dzoic, T.; Markulin, K.; Dunic, N.; Mihanovic, H.; Gacic, M.; Black, B.; Uvanovic, H.; Ezgeta-Balic, D.; Sepic, J.; Kovac, Z.; Zupan, I.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A number of proxy-based methods have been developed in detection of long-term environmental changes. Among them is sclerochronology which, through analysis of inter annular variations in widths of growth increments, has been advancing in recent decades. Albeit the main focus has been directed towards species living over centuries and in cold <span class="hlt">seas</span> (primarily Arctica islandica), application of sclerochronology in temperate <span class="hlt">seas</span> has potential to contribute toward better understanding of physical and environmental properties and processes in semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">seas</span>. Here, we are presenting the major results of the project SCOOL (Sclerochronology as a tool for detecting long-term <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> environmental changes, http://www.izor.hr/web/scool), aiming to relate relatively long-lived bivalve species Glycymeris pilosa to the major environmental drivers in a semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">sea</span> of the Mediterranean, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The open <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is known to be dominated by quasi-decadal oscillations in thermohaline and biogeochemical properties driven by the dense water formation, so a question has been posed to quantify its role in driving the bivalve growth with respect to other environmental drivers (like heat fluxes, river discharges, precipitation). It seems that these basin-wide oscillations are dominating over locally-driven processes, even in coastal regions that include very shallow northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> has been previously considered as quasi-separated from the basin-wide dynamics; such conclusions have been reached from multi-decadal in situ sampling series of different physical and chemical parameters. Therefore, sclerochronology is documented to be a reliable tool for detection of environmental drivers in a coastal temperate <span class="hlt">sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS..115...75C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS..115...75C"><span>Microbial degradation at a shallow coastal site: Long-term spectra and rates of exoenzymatic activities in the NE <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Celussi, Mauro; Del Negro, Paola</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The degradation of organic matter along the water column is mediated by enzymes released into the environment by planktonic organisms. Variations in enzymes profiles (types and levels of activity) reflect the trophic status of the environment and could be caused by shifts in the dominant species or in the level of enzyme expression by the same species in response to changes in the spectrum of organic substrates. To explore this issue, we examined the maximum rates of hydrolysis of 6 different enzymes (protease, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase) along the water column (4 depths) at a coastal station in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>), from 2000 to 2005. Most of the studied enzymes exhibited a pronounced seasonal variability with winter minima and maxima from April to October. During summer, alkaline phosphatase, lipase and protease reached the highest activities, while polysaccharide degradation prevailed in spring and autumn, associated to phytoplankton blooms. Phosphatase/protease activities ratio was generally low, indicating that microbial communities were rarely P-limited, possibly because of the use of organic P sources. A pronounced interannual variability of degradation patterns was found, with maximum rates of protease being the highest in most of the samples, followed by the alkaline phosphatase's ones. Water column features greatly affected hydrolysis rates, being degradation of linear polysaccharides, lipids, phosphorilated compounds and polypeptides significantly different at different depths during stratified condition. Mixing processes affected especially α-glucosidase activity, possibly as a consequence of resuspension of organic matter from the seabed. Large-impact phenomena such as the 2003 heat wave and mucilage influenced the degradation of specific substrates. Mucilage enhanced lipase, phosphatase and protease, whereas a pronounced inhibition characterised phosphatase and protease</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ESASP.734E..69G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ESASP.734E..69G"><span>Classification of Satellite Derived Chlorophyll a Space-Time Series by Means of Quantile Regression: An Application to the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Girardi, P.; Pastres, R.; Gaetan, C.; Mangin, A.; Taji, M. A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present the results of a classification of <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> waters, based on spatial time series of remotely sensed Chlorophyll type-a. The study was carried out using a clustering procedure combining quantile smoothing and an agglomerative clustering algorithms. The smoothing function includes a seasonal term, thus allowing one to classify areas according to “similar” seasonal evolution, as well as according to “similar” trends. This methodology, which is here applied for the first time to Ocean Colour data, is more robust with respect to other classical methods, as it does not require any assumption on the probability distribution of the data. This approach was applied to the classification of an eleven year long time series, from January 2002 to December 2012, of monthly values of Chlorophyll type-a concentrations covering the whole <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The data set was made available by ACRI (http://hermes.acri.fr) in the framework of the Glob-Colour Project (http://www.globcolour.info). Data were obtained by calibrating Ocean Colour data provided by different satellite missions, such as MERIS, <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS and MODIS. The results clearly show the presence of North-South and West-East gradient in the level of Chlorophyll, which is consistent with literature findings. This analysis could provide a sound basis for the identification of “water bodies” and of Chlorophyll type-a thresholds which define their Good Ecological Status, in terms of trophic level, as required by the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The forthcoming availability of Sentinel-3 OLCI data, in continuity of the previous missions, and with perspective of more than a 15-year monitoring system, offers a real opportunity of expansion of our study as a strong support to the implementation of both the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the UNEP-MAP Ecosystem Approach in the Mediterranean.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGR...105.6387B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGR...105.6387B"><span>Character and dynamics of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> outflows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bower, Amy S.; Hunt, Heather D.; Price, James F.</p> <p>2000-03-01</p> <p>Historical hydrographic data and a numerical plume model are used to investigate the initial transformation, dynamics, and spreading pathways of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> outflow waters where they enter the Indian Ocean. The annual mean transport of these outflows is relatively small (<0.4 Sv), but they have a major impact on the hydrographic properties of the Indian Ocean at the thermocline level because of their high salinity. They are different from other outflows in that they flow over very shallow sills (depth < 200 m) into a highly stratified upper ocean environment and they are located at relatively low latitudes (12°N and 26°N). Furthermore, the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow exhibits strong seasonal variability in transport. The four main results of this study are as follows. First, on the basis of observed temperature-salinity (T-S) characteristics of the outflow source and product waters we estimate that the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> outflows are diluted by factors of ˜2.5 and 4, respectively, as they descend from sill depth to their depth of neutral buoyancy. The high-dilution factor for the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> outflow results from the combined effects of large initial density difference between the outflow source water and oceanic water and low outflow transport. Second, the combination of low latitude and low outflow transport (and associated low outflow thickness) results in Ekman numbers for both outflows that are O(1). This indicates that they should be thought of as frictional density currents modified by rotation rather than geostrophic density currents modified by friction. Third, different mixing histories along the two channels that direct Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow water into the open ocean result in product waters with significantly different densities, which probably contributes to the multilayered structure of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> product waters. In both outflows, seasonal variations in source water and oceanic properties have some effect on the T-S of the product waters, but</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1816306F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1816306F"><span>Unstructured-grid coastal ocean modelling in Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Northern Ionian <span class="hlt">Seas</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Federico, Ivan; Pinardi, Nadia; Coppini, Giovanni; Oddo, Paolo</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System (SANIFS) is a short-term forecasting system based on unstructured grid approach. The model component is built on SHYFEM finite element three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The operational chain exploits a downscaling approach starting from the Mediterranean oceanographic-scale model MFS (Mediterranean Forecasting System, operated by INGV). The implementation set-up has been designed to provide accurate hydrodynamics and active tracer processes in the coastal waters of Southern Eastern Italy (Apulia, Basilicata and Calabria regions), where the model is characterized by a variable resolution in range of 50-500 m. The horizontal resolution is also high in open-<span class="hlt">sea</span> areas, where the elements size is approximately 3 km. The model is forced: (i) at the lateral open boundaries through a full nesting strategy directly with the MFS (temperature, salinity, non-tidal <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height and currents) and OTPS (tidal forcing) fields; (ii) at surface through two alternative atmospheric forcing datasets (ECMWF and COSMOME) via MFS-bulk-formulae. Given that the coastal fields are driven by a combination of both local/coastal and deep ocean forcings propagating along the shelf, the performance of SANIFS was verified first (i) at the large and shelf-coastal scales by comparing with a large scale CTD survey and then (ii) at the coastal-harbour scale by comparison with CTD, ADCP and tide gauge data. Sensitivity tests were performed on initialization conditions (mainly focused on spin-up procedures) and on surface boundary conditions by assessing the reliability of two alternative datasets at different horizontal resolution (12.5 and 7 km). The present work highlights how downscaling could improve the simulation of the flow field going from typical open-ocean scales of the order of several km to the coastal (and harbour) scales of tens to hundreds of meters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cosp...38..283A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cosp...38..283A"><span>Dtection of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise within the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Using Space Based GNSS Measurements and Insitu Tide Gauge data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alothman, Abdulaziz; Ayhan, Mehmet</p> <p></p> <p>In the 21st century, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise is expected to be about 30 cm or even more (up to 60 cm). Saudi Arabia has very long coasts of about 3400 km and hundreds of islands. Therefore, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level monitoring may be important in particular along coastal low lands on Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coasts. Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is connected to Indian Ocean and lying along a parallel course in the south-west of the Zagros Trust Belt. We expect vertical land motion within the area due to both tectonic structures of the Arabian Peninsula and oil production activities. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Continues observations were used to estimate the vertical crustal motion. Bahrain International GPS Service (IGS-GPS) station is the only continuous GPS station accessible in the region, and it is close to the Mina Sulman tide gauge station in Bahrain. The weekly GPS time series of vertical component at Bahrain IGS-GPS station referring to the ITRF97 from 1999.2 to 2008.6 are used in the computation. We fitted a linear trend with an annual signal and a break to the GPS vertical time series and found a vertical land motion rate of 0.46 0.11 mm/yr. To investigate <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variation within the west of Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, monthly means of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level at 13 tide gauges along the coast of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, available in the database of the Permanent Service for Mean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level (PSMSL), are studied. We analyzed separately the monthly mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level measurements at each station, and estimated secular <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rate by a robust linear trend fitting. We computed the average relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise rate of 1.96 0.21 mm/yr within the west of Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> based on 4 stations spanning longer than 19 years. <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rates at the stations are first corrected for vertical land motion contamination using the ICE-5G v1.2 VM4 Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model, and the average <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rate is found 2.27 0.21 mm/yr. Assuming the vertical rate at Bahrain IGS-GPS station represents the vertical rate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.9457K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.9457K"><span>The Istria yo-yo - evidence for millennial seismic cycle in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kázmér, Miklós; Vrabec, Marko; Székely, Balázs</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The Istria Peninsula in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Croatia and Slovenia) is considered to be a nearly aseismic part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate, as opposed to the seismically active frontal ranges of the highly active Dinaric orogen. New archaeoseismological data from the Medieval Eufrasius cathedral in Poreč on the west coast of Istria demonstrate two, previously unknown major earthquakes, which occured approx. a millennium apart. Evidence for slow coastal uplift alternating with rapid subsidence allows to identify the seismic cycle. A marine notch, otherwise an excellent marker of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, extends along a 240 km segment of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> rocky coast, from Trieste to Zadar. We interpret the following history of vertical displacements: (1) Slow uplift, evidenced by the 1-2 m high, roofed marine notch oversized with respect to the microtidal regime of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. 0.5-1 m deep notches were etched into the coast between ~3000 BC until the 4-6th century AD (Faivre et al., 2010). (2) Rapid submergence of the notch to 1-2 m depth below <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, dated by the construction of successive cathedrals of Poreč built on increasingly higher ground at the seaside (4-6th century AD); submergence of Cissa town on Pag island in 361 AD. (3) Slow uplift of less than 2 m between the construction of the last, Eufrasius cathedral in the 4-6th century AD and the ~1440 AD earthquake. No conspicuous notch were etched in the rocky shore during this period. (4) Rapid submergence of terrestrial sediments below <span class="hlt">sea</span> level after 1400 AD (Faivre et al., 2011). Major earthquake damage in Poreč cathedral just before 1440 AD. (5) Slow uplift after 1440 AD, corroborated by three decades of high-precision levelling and recent GPS data (Rezo et al., 2010). No conspicuous notch etched in the rocky shore during this period. (6) Next major earthquake with subsidence on land and uplift in the <span class="hlt">sea</span> with tsunami... when? In our interpretation of the seismic cycle, Istria is slowly raised</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Red+AND+Sea&id=ED159012','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Red+AND+Sea&id=ED159012"><span>Scientific Diving Training Course. Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> & <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Programme (PERSGA).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Arab Organization for Education and Science, Cairo (Egypt).</p> <p></p> <p>This document presents the scientific diving training course organized by the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) for the Program for Environmental Studies, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden (PERSGA). This course of six weeks duration aims to produce a person who is capable of carrying out scientific diving tasks in the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3280532','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3280532"><span>Toxin Levels and Profiles in Microalgae from the North-Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Sea—15 Years of Studies on Cultured Species</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pistocchi, Rossella; Guerrini, Franca; Pezzolesi, Laura; Riccardi, Manuela; Vanucci, Silvana; Ciminiello, Patrizia; Dell’Aversano, Carmela; Forino, Martino; Fattorusso, Ernesto; Tartaglione, Luciana; Milandri, Anna; Pompei, Marinella; Cangini, Monica; Pigozzi, Silvia; Riccardi, Elena</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is the area of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> where eutrophication and episodes related to harmful algae have occurred most frequently since the 1970s. In this area, which is highly exploited for mollusk farming, the first occurrence of human intoxication due to shellfish consumption occurred in 1989, nearly 10 years later than other countries in Europe and worldwide that had faced similar problems. Until 1997, <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> mollusks had been found to be contaminated mostly by diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins) that, along with paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., saxitoxins), constitute the most common marine biotoxins. Only once, in 1994, a toxic outbreak was related to the occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastal waters. Moreover, in the past 15 years, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> has been characterized by the presence of toxic or potentially toxic algae, not highly widespread outside Europe, such as species producing yessotoxins (i.e., Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedrum), recurrent blooms of the potentially ichthyotoxic species Fibrocapsa japonica and, recently, by blooms of palytoxin-like producing species of the Ostreopsis genus. This review is aimed at integrating monitoring data on toxin spectra and levels in mussels farmed along the coast of the Emilia-Romagna region with laboratory studies performed on the species involved in the production of those toxins; toxicity studies on toxic or potentially toxic species that have recently appeared in this area are also reviewed. Overall, reviewed data are related to: (i) the yessotoxins producing species P. reticulatum, G. spinifera and L. polyedrum, highlighting genetic and toxic characteristics; (ii) <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> strains of Alexandrium minutum, Alexandrium ostenfeldii and Prorocentrum lima whose toxic profiles are compared with those of strains of different geographic origins; (iii) F</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017773','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017773"><span>Late Quaternary transgressive large dunes on the sediment-starved <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> shelf</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Correggiari, A.; Field, M.E.; Trincardi, F.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> epicontinental basin is a low-gradient shelf where the late-Quaternary transgressive systems tract (TST) is composed of thin parasequences of backbarrier, shoreface and offshore deposits. The facies and internal architecture of the late-Quaternary TST in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> epicontinental basin changed consistently from early transgression to late transgression reflecting: (1) fluctuations in the balance between sediment supply and accommodation increase, and (2) a progressive intensification of the oceanographic regime, driven by the transgressive widening of the basin to as much as seven times its lowstand extent. One of the consequences of this trend is that high-energy marine bedforms such as sand ridges and sand waves characterize only areas that were flooded close to the end of the late-Quaternary <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise, when the wind fetch was maximum and bigger waves and stronger storm currents could form. We studied the morphology, sediment composition and sequence-stratigraphical setting of a field of asymmetric bedforms (typically 3 m high and 600 m in wavelength) in 20-24 m water depth offshore the Venice Lagoon in the sediment-starved North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> shelf. The sand that forms these large dunes derived from a drowned transgressive coastal deposit reworked by marine processes. Early cementation took place over most of the dune crests limiting their activity and preventing their destruction. Both the formation and deactivation of this field of sand dunes occurred over a short time interval close to the turn-around point that separates the late-Quaternary <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise and the following highstand and reflect rapid changes in the oceanographic regime of the basin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..649S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..649S"><span>Late Glacial to Holocene evolution and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level history of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik, <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara, Turkey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sabuncu, Asen; Kadir Eriş, K.; Kaslilar, Ayse; Namık Çaǧatay, M.; Gasperini, Luca; Filikçi, Betül</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik is an E-W elongated trans-tensional basin with a maximum depth of 113 m, located on the middle strand of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) in the south eastern part of the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara (SoM). While during the Holocene the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik changed in tandem with the water level changes in the SoM, it may have been different in the late glacial when the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara was lacustrine. Beside the tectonic activity related to the NAFZ, eustatic <span class="hlt">sea</span> level changes would have controlled the basin evolution and consequent sedimentary history during the different paleocanographic phases of the SoM. Considering the limited studies on the late glacial-Holocene stratigraph of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik, this study aims to investigate the depositional units and their environments with respect to different allogenic and autogenic controls. For these purposes, we analyzed over 300 2 - 7 kHz bandwidth high-resolution gridded seismic sub-bottom CHIRP profiles together with 70 kHz high resolution multibeam bathymetry with backscatter data. Four seismic stratigraphic units were defined and correlated with chronstratigraphic units in five piston cores covering the last 15.8 ka BP according to radiocarbon ages (14C). The depth-scale accuracy of chronostratigraphic units in cores is of key importance for the precise calculation of sedimentation rates. Correlation between the seismic profiles and cores were made by matching Multi-Sensor Core-Logger (MSCL) data and seismic reflection coefficients and amplitudes for different stratigraphic units. The impedance data derived from the logger were used to generate a synthetic seismogram. We used an approach to display, estimate, and correct the depth-scale discrepancies due to oversampling affecting the upper part of sedimentary series during piston coring. The method is based on the resynchronization of synthetic seismograms computed from high-quality physical property logs to the corresponding CHIRP profiles. Each</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16216314','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16216314"><span>Relationships between northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> mucilage events and climate variability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deserti, Marco; Cacciamani, Carlo; Chiggiato, Jacopo; Rinaldi, Attilio; Ferrari, Carla R</p> <p>2005-12-15</p> <p>A long term analysis (1865-2002) of meteorological data collected in the Po Valley and Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Basin have been analysed to find possible links between variability in the climatic parameters and the phenomenon of mucilage. Seasonal anomalies of temperature, calculated as spatial mean over the Po Valley area, and anomalies of North Atlantic Oscillation were compared with the historical record of mucilage episodes. Both climatic indices were found to be positively correlated with mucilage events, suggesting a possible relationship between climatic variability and the increased appearance of mucilage aggregates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CSR...155...21S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CSR...155...21S"><span>Picoplankton distribution influenced by thermohaline circulation in the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Šilović, Tina; Mihanović, Hrvoje; Batistić, Mirna; Radić, Iris Dupčić; Hrustić, Enis; Najdek, Mirjana</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In this study, we focus on the interactive dynamics between physico-chemical processes and picoplankton distribution in order to advance our current understanding of the roles of various parameters in regulating picoplankton community structure in highly dynamic marine system such as the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The research was carried out between October 2011 and September 2012 along the transect in the northern part of the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit. The deep water convection occurred in the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> during February 2012, with vertical mixing reaching the depth of 500 m. The picoplankton community was highly affected by this mixing event, whilst its compartments each responded differently. During deep water convection low nucleic acid heterotrophic bacteria (LNA HB) and Synechococcus had their lowest abundances (4 × 105 cell ml-1 and 8 × 102 cell ml-1, respectively), picoeucaryotes had their highest abundances (104 cell ml-1), while Prochlorococcus was absent from the area, most likely due to intense cooling and vertical mixing. In March 2012 Eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Current (EAC) brought warm and saline water with more nutrients, which resulted in the proliferation of high nucleic acid heterotrophic bacteria (HNA HB), having maximal abundance (4 × 105 cell ml-1). The re-establishment of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) intrusion after the deep water convection resulted in the re-appearance of Prochlorococcus and maximal abundances of Synechococcus (4 × 104 cell ml-1) in May 2012. The distribution of picoheterotrophs was mainly explained by the season, while the distribution of picophytoplankton was explained by the depth. Aside from nutrients, salinity was an important parameter, affecting particularly Prochlorococcus. The re-appearance of Prochlorococcus in the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> during the period of LIW intrusion, together with their correlation with salinity, indicates their potential association with LIW. The relationship between Prochloroccocus distribution and</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25863507','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25863507"><span>Plasma levels of pollutants are much higher in loggerhead turtle populations from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> than in those from open waters (Eastern Atlantic Ocean).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bucchia, Matteo; Camacho, María; Santos, Marcelo R D; Boada, Luis D; Roncada, Paola; Mateo, Rafael; Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E; Rodríguez-Estival, Jaime; Zumbado, Manuel; Orós, Jorge; Henríquez-Hernández, Luis A; García-Álvarez, Natalia; Luzardo, Octavio P</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>In this paper we determined the levels of 63 environmental contaminants, including organic (PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, and PAHs) and inorganic (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn) compounds in the blood of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from two comparable populations that inhabit distinct geographic areas: the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Mediterranean basin) and the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean). All animals were sampled at the end of a period of rehabilitation in centers of wildlife recovery, before being released back into the wild, so they can be considered to be in good health condition. The dual purpose of this paper is to provide reliable data on the current levels of contamination of this species in these geographic areas, and secondly to compare the results of both populations, as it has been reported that marine biota inhabiting the Mediterranean basin is exposed to much higher pollution levels than that which inhabit in other areas of the planet. According to our results it is found that current levels of contamination by organic compounds are considerably higher in <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> turtles than in the Atlantic ones (∑PCBs, 28.45 vs. 1.12ng/ml; ∑OCPs, 1.63 vs. 0.19ng/ml; ∑PAHs, 13.39 vs. 4.91ng/ml; p<0.001 in all cases). This is the first time that levels of PAHs are reported in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> loggerheads. With respect to inorganic contaminants, although the differences were not as great, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> turtles appear to have higher levels of some of the most toxic elements such as mercury (5.74 vs. 7.59μg/ml, p<0.01). The results of this study confirm that the concentrations are larger in turtles from the Mediterranean, probably related to the high degree of anthropogenic pressure in this basin, and thus they are more likely to suffer adverse effects related to contaminants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1713140P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1713140P"><span>Long-term ecological changes in the north <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Epi-to Infauna turnover at the Brijuni islands national park</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pifeas, Iason; Gallmetzer, Ivo; Haselmair, Alexandra; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> with its densely populated coastline experienced strong anthropogenic impacts during the last centuries. The Brijuni islands at the southern tip of Istria, Croatia, are a national park since 1983 and represent a study area of special interest when comparing impacted marine areas with regions under relatively long-term protection that were able to recover from the pressure of fishing and bottom trawling. The present study is part of a project on the historical ecology of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> and focusses on long-term ecological changes and benthic community shifts as a result of anthropogenic impacts since the Holocene transgression. Several cores of 1.5 m length and a diameter of 90 mm were taken close to the main island of Brijuni and sliced into smaller subunits for sediment analyses and the investigation of death assemblages. Hard part remains of molluscs, crustaceans, bryozoans, echinoderms and sedentary polychaetes were analysed for species composition, abundance and indicators for high biomass epifauna. Death assemblages were compared with surface samples of the recent fauna taken at the same area by grab-sampling and by divers using a 100 x 100 cm frame. Data analyses revealed a steep increase of species abundance and diversity in the early stages of the Holocene transgression, at the very bottom of the core, followed by a steady decline, representing a major shift from a previously epibenthic to an infauna dominated community. Towards the top of the core, this trend weakens, and in the uppermost 6 cm it even reverses indicating a possible recovery of the benthic communities since the protection of the area. By correlating down-core changes in benthic community structure with sediment parameters (grain size distribution, TOC, heavy metal content, concentrations of organic pollutants) and data from radiometric sediment dating, we can further improve our understanding of the timing and the magnitude of past ecological changes and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2984504','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2984504"><span>Coding Early Naturalists' Accounts into Long-Term Fish Community Changes in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (1800–2000)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fortibuoni, Tomaso; Libralato, Simone; Raicevich, Saša; Giovanardi, Otello; Solidoro, Cosimo</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The understanding of fish communities' changes over the past centuries has important implications for conservation policy and marine resource management. However, reconstructing these changes is difficult because information on marine communities before the second half of the 20th century is, in most cases, anecdotal and merely qualitative. Therefore, historical qualitative records and modern quantitative data are not directly comparable, and their integration for long-term analyses is not straightforward. We developed a methodology that allows the coding of qualitative information provided by early naturalists into semi-quantitative information through an intercalibration with landing proportions. This approach allowed us to reconstruct and quantitatively analyze a 200-year-long time series of fish community structure indicators in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). Our analysis provides evidence of long-term changes in fish community structure, including the decline of Chondrichthyes, large-sized and late-maturing species. This work highlights the importance of broadening the time-frame through which we look at marine ecosystem changes and provides a methodology to exploit, in a quantitative framework, historical qualitative sources. To the purpose, naturalists' eyewitness accounts proved to be useful for extending the analysis on fish community back in the past, well before the onset of field-based monitoring programs. PMID:21103349</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFMOS13A0518G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFMOS13A0518G"><span>Downwelling dynamics of the western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coastal Current</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Geyer, W. R.; Mullenbach, B. L.; Kineke, G. C.; Sherwood, C. R.; Signell, R. P.; Ogston, A. S.; Puig, P.; Traykovski, P.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>The western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastal current (WACC) flows for hundreds of kilometers along the east coast of Italy at speeds of 20 to 100 cm/s. It is fed by the buoyancy input from the Po River and other rivers of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, with typical freshwater discharge rates of 2000 m**3/s. The Bora winds provide the dominant forcing agent of the WACC during the winter months, resulting in peak southeastward flows reaching 100 cm/s. The energy input of the Bora is principally in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, and the coastal current response is due mainly to the set up of the pressure field, although there is sometimes an accompanying local component of down-coast winds that further augments the coastal current. Downwelling conditions occur during Bora, with or without local wind-forcing, because the bottom Ekman transport occurs in either case. Downwelling results in destratification of the coastal current, due to both vertical mixing and straining of the cross-shore density gradient. The relative contributions of mixing and straining depends on the value of the Kelvin number K=Lf/(g_Oh)**1/2, where L is the width of the coastal current, f is the Coriolis parameter, g_O is reduced gravity, and h is the plume thickness. For a narrow coastal current (K<1), straining occurs more rapidly than vertical mixing. This is the case in the WACC during Bora events, with strain-induced destratification occurring in less than 24 hours. The straining process limits vertical mixing of the coastal current with the ambient <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> water, because once the isopycnals become vertical, no more mixing can occur. This limitation of mixing may explain the persistence of the density anomaly of the coastal current in the presence of high stresses. The straining process also has important implications for sediment transport: destratification allows sediment to be distributed throughout the water column during Bora events, resulting in enhanced down-coast fluxes. The influence of the downwelling</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20005533','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20005533"><span>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>: a young <span class="hlt">sea</span> in decline.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sheppard, Charles; Al-Husiani, Mohsen; Al-Jamali, F; Al-Yamani, Faiza; Baldwin, Rob; Bishop, James; Benzoni, Francesca; Dutrieux, Eric; Dulvy, Nicholas K; Durvasula, Subba Rao V; Jones, David A; Loughland, Ron; Medio, David; Nithyanandan, M; Pilling, Graham M; Polikarpov, Igor; Price, Andrew R G; Purkis, Sam; Riegl, Bernhard; Saburova, Maria; Namin, Kaveh Samimi; Taylor, Oliver; Wilson, Simon; Zainal, Khadija</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This review examines the substantial changes that have taken place in marine habitats and resources of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> over the past decade. The habitats are especially interesting because of the naturally high levels of temperature and salinity stress they experience, which is important in a changing world climate. However, the extent of all natural habitats is changing and their condition deteriorating because of the rapid development of the region and, in some cases from severe, episodic warming episodes. Major impacts come from numerous industrial, infrastructure-based, and residential and tourism development activities, which together combine, synergistically in some cases, to cause the observed deterioration in most benthic habitats. Substantial <span class="hlt">sea</span> bottom dredging for material and its deposition in shallow water to extend land or to form a basis for huge developments, directly removes large areas of shallow, productive habitat, though in some cases the most important effect is the accompanying sedimentation or changes to water flows and conditions. The large scale of the activities compared to the relatively shallow and small size of the water body is a particularly important issue. Important from the perspective of controlling damaging effects is the limited cross-border collaboration and even intra-country collaboration among government agencies and large projects. Along with the accumulative nature of impacts that occur, even where each project receives environmental assessment or attention, each is treated more or less alone, rarely in combination. However, their combination in such a small, biologically interacting <span class="hlt">sea</span> exacerbates the overall deterioration. Very few similar areas exist which face such a high concentration of disturbance, and the prognosis for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> continuing to provide abundant natural resources is poor. Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1512602L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1512602L"><span>On the dense water cascading in the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> during 2012: Setup of a Rapid Environmental Assessment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Langone, Leonardo</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>In the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, Dense Shelf Water (DSW) forms during cold and dry winters by cooling and evaporation. DSW spreads southward along the western shelf reaching the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> basin (1200 m deep) after 1-2 months, where sinks through cascading events. In February 2012, a large Siberian High caused blocking of the Atlantic flow and a westward flow of dry and cold air masses from eastern Russia toward Europe. The North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> experienced a cold spell with large decrease of surface temperature (3° -6° C) associated to severe cold and dry Bora wind. The result was the formation of extremely dense shelf water, further made possible by the very limited discharge of the Po river in the preceding autumn. As contribution to the Italian research programme RITMARE (Italian Research for the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>), CNR-ISMAR set up a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) experiment to study the occurrence, amount, timing and properties of the newly formed DSW. Setting up REA strategies is crucial for several scientific and practical reasons: (i) capturing extreme events to improve our understanding of natural systems in a global-change scenario; (ii) to evaluate their impact on marine systems and the biota; (iii) to address issues related to fluctuating fish stocks as well as (iv) C export and sequestration in the deep <span class="hlt">sea</span>. The experiment was designed with an integrated approach, including modeling simulations, mooring deployments and quick-response oceanographic cruises. Based on numerical model ensemble, the arrival time of the DSW at the Gargano Cape was forecasted likely starting after March 15, 2012, thus moorings were deployed few days before. Five moorings were deployed in sites selected on the basis of modelling predictions and geology-driven inferences defining areas where the passage of dense shelf water is most likely to occur. Moorings were equipped with down-looking ADCPs, automatic sediment traps, temperature loggers, recorders of temperature, conductivity and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ECSS...59..429D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ECSS...59..429D"><span>Geochemistry of sediments in the Northern and Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>De Lazzari, A.; Rampazzo, G.; Pavoni, B.</p> <p>2004-03-01</p> <p>Major, minor and trace elements, loss of ignition, specific surface area, quantities of calcite and dolomite, qualitative mineralogical composition, grain-size distribution and organic micropollutants (PAH, PCB, DDT) were determined on surficial marine sediments sampled during the 1990 ASCOP (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Scientific Cooperative Program) cruise. Mineralogical composition and carbonate content of the samples were found to be comparable with data previously reported in the literature, whereas geochemical composition and distribution of major, minor and trace elements for samples in international waters and in the central basin have never been reported before. The large amount of information contained in the variables of different origin has been processed by means of a comprehensive approach which establishes the relations among the components through the mathematical-statistical calculation of principal components (factors). These account for the major part of data variance loosing only marginal parts of information and are independent from the units of measure. The sample descriptors concerning natural components and contamination load are discussed by means of a statistical model based on an R-mode Factor analysis calculating four significant factors which explain 86.8% of the total variance, and represent important relationships between grain size, mineralogy, geochemistry and organic micropollutants. A description and an interpretation of factor composition is discussed on the basis of pollution inputs, basin geology and hydrodynamics. The areal distribution of the factors showed that it is the fine grain-size fraction, with oxides and hydroxides of colloidal origin, which are the main means of transport and thus the principal link between chemical, physical and granulometric elements in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AnGeo..21..413V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AnGeo..21..413V"><span>Calibration and validation of a one-dimensional complex marine biogeochemical flux model in different areas of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> shelf</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vichi, M.; Oddo, P.; Zavatarelli, M.; Coluccelli, A.; Coppini, G.; Celio, M.; Fonda Umani, S.; Pinardi, N.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>In this paper we show results from numerical simulations carried out with a complex biogeochemical fluxes model coupled with a one-dimensional high-resolution hydrodynamical model and implemented at three different locations of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> shelf. One location is directly affected by the Po River influence, one has more open-<span class="hlt">sea</span> characteristics and one is located in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste with an intermediate behavior; emphasis is put on the comparison with observations and on the functioning of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> ecosystem in the three areas. The work has been performed in a climatological context and has to be considered as preliminary to the development of three-dimensional numerical simulations. Biogeochemical model parameterizations have been ameliorated with a detailed description of bacterial substrate utilization associated with the quality of the dissolved organic matter (DOM), in order to improve the models capability in capturing the observed DOM dynamics in the basin. The coupled model has been calibrated and validated at the three locations by means of climatological data sets. Results show satisfactory model behavior in simulating local seasonal dynamics in the limit of the available boundary conditions and the one-dimensional implementation. Comparisons with available measurements of primary and bacterial production and bacterial abundances have been performed in all locations. Model simulated rates and bacterial dynamics are in the same order of magnitude of observations and show a qualitatively correct time evolution. The importance of temperature as a factor controlling bacteria efficiency is investigated with sensitivity experiments on the model parameterizations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JMS...128..159H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JMS...128..159H"><span>An ecosystem model of an exploited southern Mediterranean shelf region (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabes, Tunisia) and a comparison with other Mediterranean ecosystem model properties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hattab, Tarek; Ben Rais Lasram, Frida; Albouy, Camille; Romdhane, Mohamed Salah; Jarboui, Othman; Halouani, Ghassen; Cury, Philippe; Le Loc'h, François</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>In this paper, we describe an exploited continental shelf ecosystem (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabes) in the southern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> using an Ecopath mass-balance model. This allowed us to determine the structure and functioning of this ecosystem and assess the impacts of fishing upon it. The model represents the average state of the ecosystem between 2000 and 2005. It includes 41 functional groups, which encompass the entire trophic spectrum from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels (e.g., fishes, birds, and mammals), and also considers the fishing activities in the area (five fleets). Model results highlight an important bentho-pelagic coupling in the system due to the links between plankton and benthic invertebrates through detritus. A comparison of this model with those developed for other continental shelf regions in the Mediterranean (i.e., the southern Catalan, the northern-central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, and the northern Aegean <span class="hlt">Seas</span>) emphasizes similar patterns in their trophic functioning. Low and medium trophic levels (i.e., zooplankton, benthic molluscs, and polychaetes) and sharks were identified as playing key ecosystem roles and were classified as keystone groups. An analysis of ecosystem attributes indicated that the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabes is the least mature (i.e., in the earliest stages of ecosystem development) of the four ecosystems that were compared and it is suggested that this is due, at least in part, to the impacts of fishing. Bottom trawling was identified as having the widest-ranging impacts across the different functional groups and the largest impacts on some commercially-targeted demersal fish species. Several exploitation indices highlighted that the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabes ecosystem is highly exploited, a finding which is supported by stock assessment outcomes. This suggests that it is unlikely that the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> can be fished at sustainable levels, a situation which is similar to other marine ecosystems in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.2084L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.2084L"><span>Computed and observed turbulent heat fluxes during an extreme Bora event in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> using atmosphere-ocean coupling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ličer, Matjaž; Smerkol, Peter; Fettich, Anja; Ravdas, Michalis; Papapostolou, Alexandros; Mantziafou, Anneta; Strajnar, Benedikt; Cedilnik, Jure; Jeromel, Maja; Jerman, Jure; Petan, Sašo; Benetazzo, Alvise; Carniel, Sandro; Malačič, Vlado; Sofianos, Sarantis</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>We have studied the performances of (a) a two-way coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling system and (b) one-way coupled ocean model (forced by the atmosphere model), as compared to the available in situ measurements during and after a strong <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Bora wind event in February 2012, which led to extreme air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interactions. The simulations span the period between January and March 2012. The models used were ALADIN (4.4 km resolution) on the atmosphere side and <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> setup of POM (1°/30 × 1°/30 angular resolution) on the ocean side. The atmosphere-ocean coupling was implemented using the OASIS3-MCT model coupling toolkit. Two-way coupling ocean feedback to the atmosphere is limited to <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature. We have compared modeled atmosphere-ocean fluxes (computed using modified Louis scheme) and <span class="hlt">sea</span> temperatures from both setups to platform and CTD measurements of fluxes (computed using COARE scheme) and temperatures from three observational platforms (Vida, Paloma, Acqua Alta) in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. We show that turbulent fluxes from both setups differ up to 20% during the Bora but not significantly before and after the event. The impact of the coupling on the ocean is significant while the impact on the atmosphere is less pronounced. When compared to observations, two way coupling ocean temperatures exhibit a four times lower RMSE than those from one-way coupled system. Two-way coupling improves sensible heat fluxes at all stations but does not improve latent heat loss.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JGR...10617059P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JGR...10617059P"><span>Seasonal spreading of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Water mass in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Prasad, T. G.; Ikeda, M.; Kumar, S. Prasanna</p> <p>2001-08-01</p> <p>The characteristics of the subsurface salinity maximum associated with the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Water mass (PGW) are used to quantify the spreading and mixing of PGW in the thermocline of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> based on a bimonthly climatology of temperature and salinity. Examination of the seasonal cycles of heat and freshwater fluxes in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> region indicates that PGW forms as a result of elevated evaporative cooling in conjunction with reduced insolation during winter. Maps are presented of the distributions of depth, salinity, and geostrophic flow on σθ = 26.5, which nearly coincides with the core of the PGW. After intense mixing in the Strait of Hormuz, the property fields suggest that warm (>17°C) and high-salinity (>36.2 psu) PGW enters the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> to form a subsurface salinity extremum between 200 and 300 m. We have found variability in the distribution of PGW in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> associated with monsoonal changes in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> circulation. During the winter monsoon, there is southward spreading of PGW along the western boundary; during summer it is not present. Lateral mixing with low-salinity water from the Bay of Bengal in the region south of 10°N and along the west coast of India during winter accounts for changes in the characteristics of PGW along these paths. Associated with the Findlater Jet during summer, the entire thermohaline structure is vertically displaced along the coasts of Somalia and Arabia. Ekman convergence in the central Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> accounts for deepening of the PGW. Either lateral or vertical mixing would cause changes in PGW properties in these regions. During this time, PGW spreads predominantly southward along the central Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, as indicated by a tongue of high salinity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031969','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031969"><span>Surface drifter derived circulation in the northern and middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Response to wind regime and season</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Ursella, L.; Poulain, P.-M.; Signell, R.P.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>More than 120 satellite-tracked drifters were deployed in the northern and middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> (NMA) <span class="hlt">Sea</span> between September 2002 and November 2003, with the purpose of studying the surface circulation at mesoscale to seasonal scale in relation to wind forcing, river runoff, and bottom topography. Pseudo-Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics were calculated from the low-pass-filtered drifter velocity data between September 2002 and December 2003. The structure of the mean circulation is determined with unprecedented high horizontal resolution by the new data. In particular, mean currents, velocity variance, and kinetic energy levels are shown to be maximal in the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Current (WAC). Separating data into seasons, we found that the mean kinetic energy is maximal in fall, with high values also in winter, while it is significantly weaker in summer. High-resolution Local Area Model Italy winds were used to relate the drifter velocities to the wind fields. The surface currents appear to be significantly influenced by the winds. The mean flow during the northeasterly bora regime shows an intensification of the across-basin recirculating currents. In addition, the WAC is strongly intensified both in intensity and in its offshore lateral extension. In the southeasterly sirocco regime, northward flow without recirculation dominates in the eastern half of the basin, while during northwesterly maestro the WAC is enhanced. Separating the data into low and high Po River discharge rates for low-wind conditions shows that the WAC and the velocity fluctuations in front of the Po delta are stronger for high Po River runoff. Lagrangian covariance, diffusivity, and integral time and space scales are larger in the along-basin direction and are maximal in the southern portion of the WAC. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1615828M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1615828M"><span>Po River plume and Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Waters: a modeling and statistical approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marcello Falcieri, Francesco; Benetazzo, Alvise; Sclavo, Mauro; Carniel, Sandro; Bergamasco, Andrea; Bonaldo, Davide; Barbariol, Francesco; Russo, Aniello</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The semi enclosed <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, located in the North-Eastern part of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, is a small regional <span class="hlt">sea</span> strongly influenced by riverine inputs. In its northern shallow sub-basin both the physical and biogeochemical features are strongly influenced by the Po River (together with some other minor ones) through its freshwater plume, by buoyancy changes and nutrients and sediments loads. The major outcomes of this interaction are on primary production, on the rising of hypoxic and anoxic bottom water conditions, on the formation of strong salinity gradients (that influence the water column structure and both coastal and basinwide circulation) and on the formation processes of the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Water (NAdDW). The NAdDW is a dense water mass that is formed during winter in the shallow Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> under buoyancy loss conditions; it then travels southwardly along the Italian coasts reaching the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> after a few months. The NAdDW formation process is mostly locally wind driven but it has been proved that freshwater discharges play an important preconditioning role, starting since the summer previous to the formation period. To investigate the relationship between the Po plume (as a preconditioning factor) and the subsequent dense water formation, the results obtained by a numerical simulation with the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) have been statistically analyzed. The model has been implemented over the whole basin with a 2 km regular grid, and surface fluxes computed through a bulk fluxes formulation using an high resolution meteorological model (COSMO I7). The only open boundary (the Otranto Strait) is imposed from an operational Mediterranean model (MFS) and main rivers discharges are introduced as a freshwater mass fluxes measured by river gauges closest to the rivers' mouths. The model was run for 8 years, from 2003 to 2010. The Po plume was analysed with a 2x3 Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and two major antithetic patterns</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4049594','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4049594"><span>Comparative Assessment of the Reproductive Status of Female Atlantic Bluefin Tuna from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Knapp, Jessica M.; Aranda, Guillermo; Medina, Antonio; Lutcavage, Molly</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Despite attention focused on the population status and rebuilding trajectory of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), the reproduction and spawning biology remains poorly understood, especially in the NW Atlantic. At present, the eastern and western spawning populations are believed to exhibit different reproductive characteristics and, consequently, stock productivity. However, our study suggests that the two spawning populations, the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, could show similar reproductive features and spawning strategies. Between 2007 and 2009, gonad samples from female Atlantic bluefin tuna were collected in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (n = 147) and in the western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (n = 40). The histological and stereological analysis confirmed that sampled eastern and western bluefin tuna exhibit the same spawning duration (three months) but the spawning in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico begins one month earlier than in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Western bluefin tuna caught in the peak of the spawning season (May) showed a similar spawning frequency (60%) to the spawning peak observed in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (June). Fecundity for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico fish () was lower but not significantly different than for fish sampled in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (). Our study represents the first comparative histological analysis of the eastern and western spawning stocks whose findings, combined with new determinations of size/age at maturity and possible alternative spawning areas, might suggest basic life history attributes warrant further scientific and management attention. PMID:24911973</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24911973','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24911973"><span>Comparative assessment of the reproductive status of female Atlantic bluefin tuna from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Knapp, Jessica M; Aranda, Guillermo; Medina, Antonio; Lutcavage, Molly</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Despite attention focused on the population status and rebuilding trajectory of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), the reproduction and spawning biology remains poorly understood, especially in the NW Atlantic. At present, the eastern and western spawning populations are believed to exhibit different reproductive characteristics and, consequently, stock productivity. However, our study suggests that the two spawning populations, the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, could show similar reproductive features and spawning strategies. Between 2007 and 2009, gonad samples from female Atlantic bluefin tuna were collected in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (n = 147) and in the western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (n = 40). The histological and stereological analysis confirmed that sampled eastern and western bluefin tuna exhibit the same spawning duration (three months) but the spawning in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico begins one month earlier than in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Western bluefin tuna caught in the peak of the spawning season (May) showed a similar spawning frequency (60%) to the spawning peak observed in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (June). Fecundity for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico fish (28.14 eggs · g(-1)) was lower but not significantly different than for fish sampled in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (45.56 eggs · g(-1)). Our study represents the first comparative histological analysis of the eastern and western spawning stocks whose findings, combined with new determinations of size/age at maturity and possible alternative spawning areas, might suggest basic life history attributes warrant further scientific and management attention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016BGeo...13.5965V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016BGeo...13.5965V"><span>Anthropogenically induced environmental changes in the northeastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in the last 500 years (Panzano Bay, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vidović, Jelena; Nawrot, Rafał; Gallmetzer, Ivo; Haselmair, Alexandra; Tomašových, Adam; Stachowitsch, Michael; Ćosović, Vlasta; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Shallow and sheltered marine embayments in urbanized areas are prone to the accumulation of pollutants, but little is known about the historical baselines of such marine ecosystems. Here we study foraminiferal assemblages, geochemical proxies and sedimentological data from 1.6 m long sediment cores to uncover ˜ 500 years of anthropogenic pressure from mining, port and industrial activities in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste, Italy. From 1600 to 1900 AD, normalized element concentrations and foraminiferal assemblages point to negligible effects of agricultural activities. The only significant anthropogenic activity during this period was mercury mining in the hinterlands of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, releasing high amounts of mercury into the bay and significantly exceeding the standards on the effects of trace elements on benthic organisms. Nonetheless, the fluctuations in the concentrations of mercury do not correlate with changes in the composition and diversity of foraminiferal assemblages due to its non-bioavailability. Intensified agricultural and maricultural activities in the first half of the 20th century caused slight nutrient enrichment and a minor increase in foraminiferal diversity. Intensified port and industrial activities in the second half of 20th century increased the normalized trace element concentrations and persistent organic pollutants (PAH, PCB) in the topmost part of the core. This increase caused only minor changes in the foraminiferal community because foraminifera in Panzano Bay have a long history of adaptation to elevated trace element concentrations. Our study underlines the importance of using an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in reconstructing the history of environmental and anthropogenic changes in marine systems. Given the prolonged human impacts in coastal areas like the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste, such long-term baseline data are crucial for interpreting the present state of marine ecosystems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10376543','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10376543"><span>Radioactive contamination of cistern waters along the Croatian coast of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> by 90Sr.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Franić, Z; Lokobauer, N; Marović, G</p> <p>1999-07-01</p> <p>Measurements of radioactive contamination of water samples from cisterns collecting rainwater containing fission products from roofs and other surfaces have been carried out along the Croatian coast of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> since 1968. An exponential decline of radioactivity followed the nuclear moratorium. After the nuclear accident at Chernobyl, higher levels of 137Cs and 90Sr were detected again, with cistern waters being the only environmental samples in Croatia in which elevated 90Sr activities persisted for several years. For the pre-Chernobyl period, the observed mean residence time of 90Sr in cistern waters, estimated to be 6.2 +/- 1.9 y, was similar to that calculated for fallout. Contrary, for the post-Chernobyl time, observed 90Sr mean residence time was calculated to be considerably shorter, reflecting the tropospheric mean residence time. The annual dose for the critical adult population received from 90Sr and 137Cs by drinking cistern water was estimated to be very small, in the 1990's less than few microSv y(-1).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571372','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571372"><span>Limited impact of beach nourishment on macrofaunal recruitment/settlement in a site of community interest in coastal area of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Danovaro, Roberto; Nepote, Ettore; Martire, Marco Lo; Ciotti, Claudia; De Grandis, Gianluca; Corinaldesi, Cinzia; Carugati, Laura; Cerrano, Carlo; Pica, Daniela; Di Camillo, Cristina Gioia; Dell'Anno, Antonio</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Beach nourishment is a widely utilized solution to counteract the erosion of shorelines, and there is an active discussion on its possible consequences on coastal marine assemblages. We investigated the impact caused by a small-scale beach nourishment carried out in the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> on macrofaunal recruitment and post-settlement events. Artificial substrates were deployed in proximity of nourished and non-manipulated beaches and turbidity and sedimentation rates were measured. Our results indicate that sedimentation rates in the impacted site showed a different temporal change compared to the control sites, suggesting potential modifications due to the beach nourishment. The impact site was characterized by subtle changes in terms of polychaete abundance and community structure when compared to controls, possibly due to beach nourishment, although the role of other factors cannot be ruled out. We conclude that small-scale beach nourishments appear to be an eco-sustainable approach to contrast coastal erosion. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812551K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812551K"><span>The origin of islands in the Kandalaksha <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of the White <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: joint work of internal and external geodynamic processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kosevich, Natalia; Romanovskaya, Maria</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The modern White <span class="hlt">Sea</span> basin is a part of the encounter zone between the East European Platform and of the Fennoscandian Shield. The Kandalaksha <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> in its northwest lies on the Mesoarchean-Paleoproterozoic structure known as the White <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Shift Belt. In the Oligocene, it entered its neotectonic stage. Geologically, there are two structural storeys beneath the seafloor of the Kandalaksha <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>: 1) crystalline bedrock of the Archean White <span class="hlt">Sea</span> complex; 2) a cover of sediment consisting of three layers: Riphean sandstones, terrigenous Vendian deposits; a cloak of Pleistocene and Holocene deposits and sediments - glacial drifts, transitional glaciomarine sediments and purely marine sediments. The modern White <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a young basin formed just 10 to 12 ka. The geological and geomorphic history of the White <span class="hlt">Sea</span> region was very complicated, with various and often conflicting tectonic movements. Besides the postglacial isostatic rise of Scandinavia amounted to some 100 meters in the White <span class="hlt">Sea</span> area. The White <span class="hlt">Sea</span> has numerous islands that are very different in the geological-geomorphological and genetic senses because their origin is the result of interactions between various endogenous and exogenous processes. Large and detailed scale geological and morphological researches of the islands at the southern and northern coast of the Kandalaksha <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> have been carried out. Landforms of the islands were produced by the joint effects of such processes as (1) glacial-tectonic effects and marine wave action, (2) tidal and surge effects; (3) glacial-tectonic, marine, and gravity effects, and (4) glacial-tectonic, marine, lake, and biogenic effects (Kosevich, 2015). The relief structure of the islands has the following regularities: 1) structures of the northern coast islands are more often landforms that are composed of loose deposits with small sites of structural denudation residual outcrops; 2) the structures of the southern coast islands are typically combinations of loose</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17469253','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17469253"><span>[<span class="hlt">Sea</span> star (Asteroidea) association structures on the rocky reef in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, Mexico].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reyes Bonilla, Héctor; González Azcárraga, Adriana; Rojas Sierra, Aracely</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> stars are invertebrates that play relevant roles in rocky and coral reefs: they occupy different levels in food webs and may act as top predators. There are numerous studies on taxonomy and biogeography of the class in the eastern tropical Pacific, but information about the attributes and composition of its assemblages is scant. The objectives of this study were the examination and comparison of asteroid community structure from four regions of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, Mexico, characterized by the presence of rocky reefs, and the search for possible associations between pairs of species. In August 2004 we visited four locations in the western <span class="hlt">gulf</span>: Bahia de Los Angeles (29 degrees N), Santa Rosalia (27 degrees N), Loreto (26 degrees N) and La Paz (24 degrees N), and censuses <span class="hlt">sea</span> stars using 50 m2 belt transects (N=93). Abundance and species richness was estimated, as well as diversity (H'), evenness (J') and taxonomic distinctness (delta*); then, all variables were compared among regions with analysis of variance. In addition, an ordination analysis was run looking for groups of locations with similar faunistic composition. Our results showed that Loreto Bay had the highest richness and abundance of asteroids, probably because it presents a large number of habitats and multiple food sources; these conditions seem to favor the occurrence of rare species and of detritivores. However, there were no significant interregional differences among ecological indices, nor we detected groups of locations singled out because of its species composition. Thus, community structure of <span class="hlt">sea</span> stars in rocky areas of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California is quite homogeneous and do not change with latitude. This is a consequence of the fact that all regions under analysis had the species Phataria unifascialis and Pharia pyramidatus as dominant in number. There were significant positive associations between three pairs of species: apparently competition is not particularly relevant to control <span class="hlt">sea</span></p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28275983','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28275983"><span>Changes in wintertime pH and hydrography of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland (Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) with focus on depth layers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Almén, Anna-Karin; Glippa, Olivier; Pettersson, Heidi; Alenius, Pekka; Engström-Öst, Jonna</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>We studied changes in <span class="hlt">sea</span> water pH, temperature and salinity with focus on two depth layers, along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland (the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) using long-term monitoring data from 1979 to 2015. Data from the most frequently sampled monitoring stations between western and eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland were used. The main result of the study reveals that pH has decreased both in surface and deep-water in the western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland with values ranging between -0.005 and -0.008 units year -1 . We also demonstrate a rise in temperature (~2 °C) and decrease in salinity (~-0.7 g kg -1 ) at several stations over the last 36 years. In general, the changes are shown to be more pronounced in the western part of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. This paper also stresses the importance of improving the sampling frequency and quality of monitoring measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10186E..09C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10186E..09C"><span>Environmental effects on underwater optical transmission</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chu, Peter C.; Breshears, Brian F.; Cullen, Alexander J.; Hammerer, Ross F.; Martinez, Ramon P.; Phung, Thai Q.; Margolina, Tetyana; Fan, Chenwu</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Optical communication/detection systems have potential to get around some limitations of current acoustic communications and detection systems especially increased fleet and port security in noisy littoral waters. Identification of environmental effects on underwater optical transmission is the key to the success of using optics for underwater communication and detection. This paper is to answer the question "What are the transfer and correlation functions that relate measurements of hydrographic to optical parameters?" Hydrographic and optical data have been collected from the Naval Oceanographic Office survey ships with the High Intake Defined Excitation (HIDEX) photometer and <span class="hlt">sea</span> gliders with optical back scattering sensor in various Navy interested areas such as the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, east Asian marginal <span class="hlt">seas</span>, and <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The data include temperature, salinity, bioluminescence, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, transmissivity at two different wavelengths (TRed at 670 nm, TBlue at 490 nm), and back scattering coefficient (bRed at 700 nm, bBlue at 470 nm). Transfer and correlation functions between the hydrographic and optical parameters are obtained. Bioluminescence and fluorescence maxima, transmissivity minimum with their corresponding depths, red and blue laser beam peak attenuation coefficients are identified from the optical profiles. Evident correlations are found between the ocean mixed layer depth and the blue and red laser beam peak attenuation coefficients, bioluminescence and fluorescence maxima in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, and Philippine <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Based on the observational data, an effective algorithm is recommended for solving the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for predicting underwater laser radiance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1613899B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1613899B"><span>A multidisciplinary environmental integrated approach to better understand the Tegnue Reefs formation, offshore Chioggia, Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bergamasco, Andrea; Donnici, Sandra; Tosi, Luigi; Tagliapietra, Davide; Zaggia, Luca; Bonaldo, Davide; Braga, Federica; Da Lio, Cristina; Keppel, Erica; Lorenzetti, Giuliano; Manfè, Giorgia; Franceschini, Gianluca; Giovanardi, Otello; Carol, Eleonora; Fornaro, Elena; Grant, Carley</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>, and benthic invertebrates like bryozoans, mollusks, serpulids and corals also contribute to the final building of the status of Tegnue's environment, but we want to demonstrate that the in first stage of consolidation abiotic phenomena could have played a major role. In order to prove our thesis a series of ground water sampling as well as rock sampling and sediment cores were carried out. The poster illustrates the overall ongoing program as well as some work in progress and first results from field cruise. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Municipality of Chioggia through the Tegnue Project and partially by the Flagship Project RITMARE - The Italian Research for the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> - coordinated by the Italian National Research Council and funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research within the National Research Program 2011-2013, and by the Scientific Cooperation Agreement between the CONICET (Argentina) - CNR (Italy), Program 2013-2014, Project 'Fresh-saltwaters in high-value coastlands: from the hydrogeophysical/geochemical characterization of the present interactions to the modeling quantification of the expected effects of climate changes'. References - Bonardi, M., Tosi, L. 2000. Indagini preliminari su alcune formazioni di sabbie cementate nella laguna di Venezia. In: La Ricerca Scientifica Per Venezia. Il Progetto Sistema Lagunare Veneziano, Modellistica del Sistema Lagunare Studio di Impatto Ambientale. Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Vol. II, Tomo II, p. 967-974, Venezia, ISBN: 88-86166-82-6. - Bonardi, M., Tosi, L., Rizzetto, F., Brancolini, G., Baradello, L. 2006. Effects of climate changes on the late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 39, 279-284. - Casellato S., Stefanon A. 2008. Coralligenous habitat in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: an overview. Marine Ecology, 29: 321-341. - Gabbianelli, G., Colantoni, P., Degetto, S., Dinelli, E., Lucchini, F. 1997</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51C2298G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51C2298G"><span>Reconstructing Late Holocene Relative <span class="hlt">Sea</span>-level Changes on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast of Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gerlach, M. J.; Engelhart, S. E.; Kemp, A.; Moyer, R. P.; Smoak, J. M.; Bernhardt, C. E.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Little is known about late Holocene relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level (RSL) along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast of Florida. A RSL reconstruction from this region is needed to fill a spatial gap in <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level records which can be used to support coastal management, contribute geologic data for Earth-Ice models estimating late Holocene land-level change and serve as the basis for which future projections of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise must be superimposed. Further, this dataset is crucial to understanding the presence/absence and non-synchronous timing of small <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level oscillations (e.g. rise at ~ 1000 A.D.; fall at ~ 1400 A.D.) during the past 2000 years on the Atlantic and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coasts of the United States that may be linked to climate anomalies. We present the results of a high-resolution RSL reconstruction based on the sediment record of two salt marshes on the eastern margin of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Two ~1.3m cores primarily composed of Juncus roemeranius peat reveal RSL changes over the past ~2000 years in the southern end of Tampa Bay and in Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Two study sites were used to isolate localized factors affecting RSL at either location. Lithostratigraphic analysis at both sites identifies a transition from sandy-silt layers into salt-marsh peat at the bottom of each core. The two records show continuous accumulation of salt-marsh peat with Juncus roemeranius macrofossils and intermittent sand horizons likely reflecting inundation events. We used vertically zoned assemblages of modern foraminifera to assign the indicative meaning. The high marsh is dominated by Ammoastuta inepta, Haplophragmoides wilberti, and Arenoparella mexicana, with low marsh and tidal flats identified by Ammobaculites spp. and Miliammina fusca. Chronologies for these study sites were established using AMS radiocarbon dating of in-situ plant macrofossils, Cs137, Pb210 and pollen and pollution chronohorizons. Our regional RSL curve will add additional data for constraining the mechanisms causing RSL change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/127683-ogaden-basin-subsidence-history-another-key-red-sea-gulf-aden-tectonic-puzzle','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/127683-ogaden-basin-subsidence-history-another-key-red-sea-gulf-aden-tectonic-puzzle"><span>Ogaden Basin subsidence history: Another key to the Red <span class="hlt">Sea-Gulf</span> of Aden tectonic puzzle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Pigott, J.D.; Neese, D.; Carsten, G.</p> <p>1995-08-01</p> <p>Previous work has attempted to understand the tectonic evolution of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea-Gulf</span> of Aden region through a focus upon plate kinematics and reconstruction of plate interactions in a two dimensional sense. A significant complement to the three dimensional puzzle can be derived from a critical examination of the vertical component, tectonic subsidence analysis. By removing the isostatic contributions of sediment loading and unloading, and fluctuations in <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, the remaining thermal-mechanical contribution to a basin`s subsidence can be determined. Such an analysis of several Ogaden Basin wells reveals multiple pulses of tectonic subsidence and uplift which correspond to far-fieldmore » tectonic activities in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. One of the more dramatic is a Jurassic tectonic pulse circa 145-130 m.a., and a later extensional event which correlates to a major subsidence event ubiquitous through-out the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, related to Gondwana Land breakup activities. Tectonic uplift during the Tertiary coincides with early Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> rifting episodes. Such activities suggest the Ogaden Basin has been a relatively stable East African cratonic basin, but with heating-extension events related to nearby plate interactions. In terms of hydrocarbon generation, the use of steady state present day geothermal gradients, coupled with subsidence analysis shows that potential Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rocks initiated generation as early as the Jurassic. The generating potential of Paleozoic source rocks would only be exacerbated by later heating events. Furthermore, cooling and tectonic uplift during the Tertiary would tend to arrest on-going hydrocarbon generation for Jurassic source rocks in the Ogaden area.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DSRI..123..118I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DSRI..123..118I"><span>Anthropogenic CO2 in a dense water formation area of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ingrosso, Gianmarco; Bensi, Manuel; Cardin, Vanessa; Giani, Michele</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>There is growing evidence that the on-going ocean acidification of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> could be favoured by its active overturning circulation. The areas of dense water formation are, indeed, preferential sites for atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption and through them the ocean acidification process can quickly propagate into the deep layers. In this study we estimated the concentration of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) in the dense water formation areas of the middle and southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Using the composite tracer TrOCA (Tracer combining Oxygen, inorganic Carbon, and total Alkalinity) and carbonate chemistry data collected throughout March 2013, our results revealed that a massive amount of Cant has invaded all the identified water masses. High Cant concentration was detected at the bottom layer of the Pomo Pit (middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, 96.8±9.7 μmol kg-1) and Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit (SAP, 85.2±9.4 μmol kg-1), associated respectively with the presence of North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Water (NAdDW) and <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Water (AdDW). This anthropogenic contamination was clearly linked to the dense water formation events, which govern strong CO2 flux from the atmosphere to the <span class="hlt">sea</span> and the sinking of dense, CO2-rich surface waters to the deep <span class="hlt">sea</span>. However, a very high Cant level (94.5±12.5 μmol kg-1) was also estimated at the intermediate layer, as a consequence of a recent vertical mixing that determined the physical and biogeochemical modification of the water of Levantine origin (i.e. Modified Levantine Intermediate Water, MLIW) and favoured the atmospheric CO2 intrusion. The penetration of Cant in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> determined a significant pH reduction since the pre-industrial era (- 0.139±0.019 pH units on average). This estimation was very similar to the global Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> acidification, but it was again more pronounced at the bottom of the Pomo Pit, within the layer occupied by NAdDW (- 0.157±0.018 pH units), and at the intermediate layer of the recently formed MLIW</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919188F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919188F"><span>Multiscale and multidisciplinary Marine Rapid Environmental Assessment data collection methods for process studies: the case of the Taranto <span class="hlt">Gulf</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Federico, Ivan; Maicu, Francesco; Pinardi, Nadia; Lyubartsev, Vladyslav; Causio, Salvatore; Caporale, Claudio; Demarte, Maurizio; Falconieri, Alfredo; Lecci, Rita; Lacava, Teodosio; Lisi, Matteo; Sepp-Neves, Augusto; Lorenzetti, Giuliano; Manfe', Giorgia; Trotta, Francesco; Zaggia, Luca; Ciliberti, Stefania Angela; Fratianni, Claudia; Grandi, Alessandro</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The present work aims to investigate the thermohaline properties and the circulation of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto, which is a deep, semi-enclosed ocean area in the northern Ionian <span class="hlt">sea</span>, encircled by two Italian peninsulas of southern Apulia and Calabria. Since few observations in the past have been reported in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto, it emerged the need of planning and implementing oceanographic cruises in this area, based on an innovative concept of MREA (Marine Rapid Environmental Assessment). The methodology was based on an optimal experimental strategy to collect definitive evidences on ocean mesoscales with a spatial-and-time synoptic coverage. The MREA surveys have been performed thanks to the synergies between Italian oceanographic research centers and the Italian Navy Hydrographic Institute. Starting from the experience and results of MREA14 (Pinardi et al., 2016), which have shown in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> an anticyclonic circulation in Autumn (October 2014) and the presence of submesoscale structure, a new experiment (MREA16) was repeated in a different season (Summer, June-July 2016), evaluating possible changes in current circulation. Furthermore, the new sampling methodology was refined and strengthened integrating the classical CTD data collection with additional simultaneous measurements of currents by means of vessel-mounted ADCP. The geostrophic circulation pattern derived from the CTD objective-analysis mapping techniques has been verified with the ADCP measurements. Moreover, the analysis on circulation fields confirms the presence of possible submesoscale structures, which can be well solved by a high-resolution sampling scheme. The MREA investigation in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto shows a large-scale gyre anticyclonically-oriented in Autumn (MREA14) and cyclonically-oriented in Summer (MREA16). This opposite circulation pattern is probably connected to (i) the impact of Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coastal Current (WACC), (ii) the effect of the Northern Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow-inflow system in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110046','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110046"><span>Inshore capture-based tuna aquaculture impact on Posidonia oceanica meadows in the eastern part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kružić, Petar; Vojvodić, Vjeročka; Bura-Nakić, Elvira</p> <p>2014-09-15</p> <p>Mapping and monitoring of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in the eastern (Croatian) part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> since 2004 indicates a significant decline in meadow density in an area impacted by inshore capture-based tuna aquaculture. The density and overall condition of P. oceanica meadows impacted by tuna farms near Fulija Islet was compared to two reference sites (Iž Island and Mrtovnjak Islet). The factors with the most significant influence on P. oceanica meadows were found to be the input of organic matter originating from the cages, as well as high epiphyte biomass caused by nutrient enrichment. Significant differences in nutrient concentrations were found between the sites impacted by tuna farms (Fulija Islet) and the control stations. Shoot density of the P. oceanica meadows decreased at the stations in close vicinity to the tuna farm, which suggests that the tuna farm activity strongly affected the surrounding meadows. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.9307K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.9307K"><span>Model study of the ship emissions impact on the air quality in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>/Ionian area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Karagiannidis, Athanasios; Poupkou, Anastasia; Liora, Natalia; Dimopoulos, Spiros; Giannaros, Christos; Melas, Dimitrios; Argiriou, Athanassios</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The increase of the ship traffic for touristic and commercial purposes is one of the EU Blue Growth targets. The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>/Ionian is one of the <span class="hlt">sea</span>-basin strategic areas for this target. The purpose of the study is the examination of the impact of the ship emissions on the gaseous and particulate pollutants concentrations in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>/Ionian area for which the current scientific knowledge is limited. The impact is simulated over a domain covering the Central and Eastern Mediterranean in 10 km resolution during a summer period (July) and a winter period (January) of the year 2012. The modeling system used consists of the photochemical model CAMx off line coupled with the meteorological model WRF. The zero-out modeling method is implemented involving CAMx simulations performed while including and omitting the ship emission data. The simulations are based on the European scale anthropogenic emission inventory of The Netherlands Organisation (TNO) for the reference year 2009. Natural emissions (NMVOCs from the vegetation, <span class="hlt">sea</span> salt, wind-blown dust), estimated with the use of the Natural Emission MOdel (NEMO) developed by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, are accounted for in the photochemical model runs. The spatial distribution of the resulting differences in the gaseous and particulate pollutant concentration fields for both emission scenarios are presented and discussed, providing an estimation of the contribution of ship emissions on the determination of the air quality in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>/Ionian countries</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16345404','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16345404"><span>Seasonal and geographic distribution of luminous bacteria in the eastern mediterranean <span class="hlt">sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> of elat.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yetinson, T; Shilo, M</p> <p>1979-06-01</p> <p>Luminous bacteria in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba-Elat have different distribution patterns. In the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Beneckea harveyi is present all year round, with different subtypes alternating in summer and winter; Photobacterium fischeri was only present during the winter. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat, P. leiognathi is present throughout the water column in similar densities during the entire year. This constancy in distribution is presumably due to the near-constancy in water temperature. In summer, Photobacterium leiognathi is replaced by B. harveyi in coastal surface waters. In the hypersaline Bardawil lagoon, only B. harveyi types are present. P. fischeri, a major component of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> winter communities, is absent from the lagoon. Luminous Beneckea strains show a great diversity in properties, e.g. temperature range for growth, sensitivity to infection by phages, sensitivity to attack by Bdellovibrio strains, and differences in tolerance to high-salinity shock. Therefore, subdivision of the taxonomic cluster of B. harveyi into subtypes is indicated. The composition of the luminous bacteria communities may serve as indicators of different marine water bodies. The symbiotic luminous bacteria of the light organ of the common <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat fish, Photoblepharon palbebratus steinitzi, is different from any of the types described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=243384','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=243384"><span>Seasonal and Geographic Distribution of Luminous Bacteria in the Eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yetinson, T.; Shilo, M.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Luminous bacteria in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba-Elat have different distribution patterns. In the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Beneckea harveyi is present all year round, with different subtypes alternating in summer and winter; Photobacterium fischeri was only present during the winter. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat, P. leiognathi is present throughout the water column in similar densities during the entire year. This constancy in distribution is presumably due to the near-constancy in water temperature. In summer, Photobacterium leiognathi is replaced by B. harveyi in coastal surface waters. In the hypersaline Bardawil lagoon, only B. harveyi types are present. P. fischeri, a major component of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> winter communities, is absent from the lagoon. Luminous Beneckea strains show a great diversity in properties, e.g. temperature range for growth, sensitivity to infection by phages, sensitivity to attack by Bdellovibrio strains, and differences in tolerance to high-salinity shock. Therefore, subdivision of the taxonomic cluster of B. harveyi into subtypes is indicated. The composition of the luminous bacteria communities may serve as indicators of different marine water bodies. The symbiotic luminous bacteria of the light organ of the common <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat fish, Photoblepharon palbebratus steinitzi, is different from any of the types described. Images PMID:16345404</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917042D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917042D"><span>Differences and similarities of the Eocene to recent Sphaerogypsina tests collected from the Pannonian basin to the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drobne, Katica; Ćosović, Vlasta; Čretnik, Janko; Turk, Janez; Briguglio, Antonino; Rögl, Fred; Praprotnik, Anton</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>With a new series of shots in the X-ray tomographic techniques (CT), the study of fossil (Eocene and Miocene) and recent tests of Sphaerogypsina globulus (Reuss, 1848) sensu lato, sampled in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and adjacent coastal areas, have continued. The Eocene, Lutetian samples collected at the NW margin of the Central Neotethys (Benkovac) contain tests up to 2 mm in diameters, while specimens found in Priabonian deposits from the southern outskirts of the Eastern Alps (Šuštarica, Ravna Gora) and in the central Pannonian basin (Eger) are smaller, with diameters of 1.2 mm. In the Oligocene, Rupelian, sediments, deposited in the Slovenian corridor, area south of the E. Alps, known as representing transition between recessing Neotethys and emerging Pannonian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, (Gornji grad, Nova Štifta), foraminiferal tests are of 1.1 mm in diameter. Globular tests of Miocene, Badenian, specimens (Nussdorf, north of the E. Alps), originally described as bryozoan Ceriopora globulus by Reuss 1848, attained 1.2 mm in diameter. Comparison of tests diameters shows that Middle Eocene sphaerogypsinids had the largest tests among fossil taxa, implying that warm temperatures suited them a lot. The Oligocene tests, were smaller and the trend of decreasing in size persisted in the Miocene. Recent tests, although collected over decades from different places in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, just recently have been systematically sampled at Pakleni Is. (Hvar), Kornati archipelago and Mali Čutin Is., and studied.The tests, with diameters ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm (an average of 0.6 to 0.8 mm), are very small in comparison with fossil forms. The life habitats, as type of substrate, light (sunny vs. shadowed areas) have been investigated, revealing that sphaerogypsinids prefer to live at water depth up to 50 - 60 m. Special attention is payed to find live specimens, which would provide the basis for DNA analysis. The application of micro- tomography contributed significantly in studying test internal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA582396','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA582396"><span>Spring 2009 Water Mass Distribution, Mixing and Transport in the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> after a Low Production of Winter Dense Waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-05-21</p> <p>A.E. Rice et al. / Continental Shelf Research 64 (2013) 33–5050oceanografici in Mare Adriatico (R/V Urania, 24 Febbbraio–2 Marzo 2009). ISMAR-CNR...Carmack, 1976 ; Baines and Condie, 1998), in the Ross <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Russo et al., 2011), and in the Barents <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Blindheim, 1989), among other regions. In mid...three consecutive research cruises aboard the Italian National Research Council (CNR) R/V Urania in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: VELTUR09 (February 24 – March 2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29931749','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29931749"><span>3Halobacteriovorax isolated from marine water of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy, as an effective predator of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, non-O1/O139 V.cholerae, V.vulnificus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ottaviani, Donatella; Chierichetti, Serena; Angelico, Gabriele; Forte, Claudio; Rocchegiani, Elena; Manuali, Elisabetta; Leoni, Francesca</p> <p>2018-06-21</p> <p>To detect marine Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) able to infect V.parahaemolyticus from seawater of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, Italy. To test, prey specificity and predation efficiency of our Halobacteriovorax isolate, named HBXCO1, towards 17 Vibrio and 7 non-Vibrio strains linked to the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span>, Italy. Double layer agar plating technique was used to enumerate BALOs and to evaluate their prey specificity and predation efficiency. Transmission electron microscopy and 16S rRNA analysis were used to identify them. Means of BALOs counts ranged from 5.0 PFU/ml (March 2017) to 98.6 PFU/ml (August 2016). HBXCO1 had the ability to attack all tested prey strains of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae nonO1/O139 and V. vulnificus, but it did not prey on non-Vibrio strains and V. alginolyticus under the tested conditions. BALOs capable of infecting pathogenic vibrios are naturally present in seawater of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, Italy. Isolate HBXCO1 shows prey specificity preferentially for the Vibrio genus and high predatory efficiency towards a wide range of pathogenic strains. The public impact of V.parahaemolyticus, non O1/O139 V.cholerae and V.vulnificus in bivalves is relevant and current decontamination processes are not always effective. We believe that the predator HBXCO1 represents a potential candidate for the development of strategies of biocontrol of pathogenic vibrios in bivalves from harvesting to trade. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Ocgy...52..780S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Ocgy...52..780S"><span>Distribution of metal concentrations in sediments of the coastal zone of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga and open part of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seisuma, Z.; Kulikova, I.</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>The comparison of spatial and temporal distribution of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe concentrations in sediments from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga and open Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> along the coastal zone is presented for the first time. There were considerable differences in Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe levels in sediment at various stations of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga. A significant difference of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn levels was found in sediments of various stations in the open Baltic coast. The amount of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe levels also differed significantly in the sediments of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga in different years. A considerable yearly difference in amount of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Mn levels was found in sediments in the open Baltic coast. The essential highest values of Pb and Zn in coastal sediments of the open Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are stated in comparison with the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga. The concentrations of other metals have only a tendency to be higher in coastal sediments of the open Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in comparison with the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga. Natural and anthropogenic factors were proved to play an important role in determining resultant metals concentrations in the regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ECSS..204..177C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ECSS..204..177C"><span>Random Forest population modelling of striped and common-bottlenose dolphins in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto (Northern Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Central-eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carlucci, Roberto; Cipriano, Giulia; Paoli, Chiara; Ricci, Pasquale; Fanizza, Carmelo; Capezzuto, Francesca; Vassallo, Paolo</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>This study provides the first estimates of density and abundance of the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba and common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto (Northern Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Central Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) and identifies the predictive variables mainly influencing their occurrence and concentration in the study area. Conventional Distance Sampling (CDS) and the Delta approach on Random Forest (DaRF) methods have been applied to sightings data collected between 2009 and 2016 during standardized vessel-based surveys, providing similar outcomes. The mean value of density over the entire study area was 0.72 ± 0.26 specimens/km2 for the striped dolphin and 0.47 ± 0.09 specimens/km2 for the common bottlenose dolphin. The abundance estimated by DaRF in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto was 10080 ± 3584 specimens of S. coeruleoalba and 6580 ± 1270 specimens of T. truncatus, respectively. Eight predictive variables were selected, considering both the local physiographic features and human activities existing in the investigated area. The explanatory variables depth, distance from the coast, distance from industrial areas and distance from areas exploited by fishery seem to play a key role in influencing the spatial distribution of both species, whereas the geomorphological variables proved to be the most significant factors shaping the concentration of both dolphins. The establishment of a Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI) according the SPA/BD Protocol in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Taranto is indicated as an effective management tool for the conservation of both dolphin populations in the Central-eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035295','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035295"><span>Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico under <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Doyle, T.W.; Krauss, K.W.; Conner, W.H.; From, A.S.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Tidal freshwater forests in coastal regions of the southeastern United States are undergoing dieback and retreat from increasing tidal inundation and saltwater intrusion attributed to climate variability and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise. In many areas, tidal saltwater forests (mangroves) contrastingly are expanding landward in subtropical coastal reaches succeeding freshwater marsh and forest zones. Hydrological characteristics of these low-relief coastal forests in intertidal settings are dictated by the influence of tidal and freshwater forcing. In this paper, we describe the application of the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Over Proportional Elevation (SLOPE) model to predict coastal forest retreat and migration from projected <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise based on a proxy relationship of saltmarsh/mangrove area and tidal range. The SLOPE model assumes that the sum area of saltmarsh/mangrove habitat along any given coastal reach is determined by the slope of the landform and vertical tide forcing. Model results indicated that saltmarsh and mangrove migration from <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise will vary by county and watershed but greater in western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> States than in the eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> States where millions of hectares of coastal forest will be displaced over the next century with a near meter rise in relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level alone. Substantial losses of coastal forests will also occur in the eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> but mangrove forests in subtropical zones of Florida are expected to replace retreating freshwater forest and affect regional biodiversity. Accelerated global eustacy from climate change will compound the degree of predicted retreat and migration of coastal forests with expected implications for ecosystem management of State and Federal lands in the absence of adaptive coastal management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4324982','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4324982"><span>Electronic Tagging of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus, L.) Reveals Habitat Use and Behaviors in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cermeño, Pablo; Quílez-Badia, Gemma; Ospina-Alvarez, Andrés; Sainz-Trápaga, Susana; Boustany, Andre M.; Seitz, Andy C.; Tudela, Sergi; Block, Barbara A.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>We analyzed the movements of Atlantic tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> using data from 2 archival tags and 37 pop-up satellite archival tags (PAT). Bluefin tuna ranging in size from 12 to 248 kg were tagged on board recreational boats in the western Mediterranean and the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> between May and September during two different periods (2000 to 2001 and 2008 to 2012). Although tuna migrations between the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Atlantic Ocean have been well reported, our results indicate that part of the bluefin tuna population remains in the Mediterranean basin for much of the year, revealing a more complex population structure. In this study we demonstrate links between the western Mediterranean, the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Sidra (Libya) using over 4336 recorded days of location and behavior data from tagged bluefin tuna with a maximum track length of 394 days. We described the oceanographic preferences and horizontal behaviors during the spawning season for 4 adult bluefin tuna. We also analyzed the time series data that reveals the vertical behavior of one pop-up satellite tag recovered, which was attached to a 43.9 kg tuna. This fish displayed a unique diving pattern within 16 days of the spawning season, suggesting a use of the thermocline as a thermoregulatory mechanism compatible with spawning. The results obtained hereby confirm that the Mediterranean is clearly an important habitat for this species, not only as spawning ground, but also as an overwintering foraging ground. PMID:25671316</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800008146','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800008146"><span>Radiative transfer modeling applied to <span class="hlt">sea</span> water constituent determination. [<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Faller, K. H.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Optical radiation from the <span class="hlt">sea</span> is influenced by pigments dissolved in the water and contained in discrete organisms suspended in the <span class="hlt">sea</span>, and by pigmented and unpigmented inorganic and organic particles. The problem of extracting the information concerning these pigments and particulates from the optical properties of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> is addressed and the properties which determine characteristics of the radiation that a remote sensor will detect and measure are considered. The results of the application of the volume scattering function model to the data collected in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and its environs indicate that the size distribution of the concentrations of particles found in the <span class="hlt">sea</span> can be predicted from measurements of the volume scattering function. Furthermore, with the volume scattering function model and knowledge of the absorption spectra of dissolved pigments, the radiative transfer model can compute a distribution of particle sizes and indices of refraction and concentration of dissolved pigments that give an upwelling light spectrum that closely matches measurements of that spectrum at <span class="hlt">sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3094/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3094/"><span><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Deep-<span class="hlt">Sea</span> Coral Ecosystem Studies, 2008-2011</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kellogg, Christina A.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Most people are familiar with tropical coral reefs, located in warm, well-illuminated, shallow waters. However, corals also exist hundreds and even thousands of meters below the ocean surface, where it is cold and completely dark. These deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> corals, also known as cold-water corals, have become a topic of interest due to conservation concerns over the impacts of trawling, exploration for oil and gas, and climate change. Although the existence of these corals has been known since the 1800s, our understanding of their distribution, ecology, and biology is limited due to the technical difficulties of conducting deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> research. DISCOVRE (DIversity, Systematics, and COnnectivity of Vulnerable Reef Ecosystems) is a new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) program focused on deep-water coral ecosystems in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. This integrated, multidisciplinary, international effort investigates a variety of topics related to unique and fragile deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> coral ecosystems from the microscopic level to the ecosystem level, including components of microbiology, population genetics, paleoecology, food webs, taxonomy, community ecology, physical oceanography, and mapping.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUSMGP41A..03T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUSMGP41A..03T"><span>Tectonic Interpretation of CHAMP Geopotential Data over the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taylor, P. T.; Kim, H. R.; Mayer-Gürr, T.</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>Recent aeromagnetic anomaly compilations (Chiappini et al., 2000 and Tontini et al., 2004) show a large positive (>700 nT) northwest-southeast trending magnetic anomaly off the Dalmatian coast. Unfortunately these aeromagnetic data cover only a part of this anomaly. We wanted to investigate if this large magnetic anomaly could be detected at satellite altitude and what is the extent and source of this feature. Therefore, magnetic and gravity anomaly maps were made from the CHAMP geopotential data, measured at the current low altitude of 345-350 km over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. We made the magnetic anomaly map over this relatively small region using 36 descending and 85 ascending orbits screened to be at the lowest altitude and the most magnetically quietest data. We removed the main field component (i.e., IGRF-10 up to degree and order 13) and then demeaned individual tracks and subtracted a second order polynomial to remove regional and/or un-modeled external field features. The resulting map from these well-correlated anomalies revealed a positive magnetic anomaly (>2 nT). Reduction-to-the pole brought these CHAMP anomaly features into coincidence with the aeromagnetic data. Previously Cantini et al. (1999) compared the surface magnetic data with MAGSAT by continuing upward the former and downwards the latter to 100 km and found a good correlation for wavelengths of 300-500 km. We also investigated the CHAMP gravity data. They were reduced using the kinematic short-arc integration method (Ilk et al., 2005 and Mayer Gürr et al., 2005). However, no corresponding short-wavelength gravity anomaly was observed in our study area. This tectonically complex region is under horizontal stress and the source of the large magnetic anomaly can be modelled by an associated ophiolite melange.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.2566A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.2566A"><span>Environmental Sensitivity Index: Estonian shoreline geology classification (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland, Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aps, Robert; Kopti, Madli; Tõnisson, Hannes; Orviku, Kaarel; Suursaar, Ülo</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>At International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee's 53rd session in July 2005, the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> was designated as a Particularly Sensitive <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Area (PSSA). At the same time the oil transportation is growing significantly in the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> area and especially in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland exceeding 250 million tons a year by 2015. Despite of improving navigation measures there is a growing risk for incidental oil spills and associated oil pollution. Oil spill accident history and simulations show that once the oil spill at <span class="hlt">sea</span> has occurred, it is almost impossible to prevent it from reaching ashore. Advice on sensitive shoreline likely to be impacted by the oil washing ashore is of critical importance in order to support decisions whether or not a response is necessary or what kind and extent of response is appropriate. Furthermore, choices made in cleanup strategies and the decisionmaking process in the aftermath of a spill are significantly affecting the cleanup costs. This paper introduces the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) shoreline geology classification adapted and modified according to the environmental conditions of the Estonian coast of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland (Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) and ranked according to substrate type and grain size related natural persistence of oil and ease of cleanup. Relative exposure to wave (hydrodynamic energy level) and the shoreline slope are characterized and taken into account. The length of the shoreline is over 700 km. The most common shore types are till shores (40%) and sandy shores (25%). Long stretches of cliff shores (11% in total) and gravel-pebble shores (10%) on the close neighborhood of the cliffs are the most characteristic features of the Estonian coast of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland. Silty shores and artificial shores make up to 7% and 6% respectively of the total shoreline length here. Over 2/3 of the shores here are with very high ESI values. Till shores are often covered by coarse gravel, pebble</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26967136','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26967136"><span>PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA SEROVARS IN FREE-LIVING <span class="hlt">SEA</span> LIONS IN THE <span class="hlt">GULF</span> OF CALIFORNIA AND ALONG THE BAJA CALIFORNIA COAST OF MEXICO.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Avalos-Téllez, Rosalía; Carrillo-Casas, Erika M; Atilano-López, Daniel; Godínez-Reyes, Carlos R; Díaz-Aparicio, Efrén; Ramírez-Delgado, David; Ramírez-Echenique, María F; Leyva-Leyva, Margarita; Suzán, Gerardo; Suárez-Güemes, Francisco</p> <p>2016-04-28</p> <p>The California <span class="hlt">sea</span> lion ( Zalophus californianus ), a permanent inhabitant of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California in Mexico, is susceptible to pathogenic Leptospira spp. infection, which can result in hepatic and renal damage and may lead to renal failure and death. During summer 2013, we used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to investigate the prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in blood of clinically healthy <span class="hlt">sea</span> lion pups from seven rookery islands on the Pacific Coast of Baja California (Pacific Ocean) and in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California. We also used PCR to examine blood for Leptospira DNA. Isolation of Leptospira in liquid media was unsuccessful. We found higher antibody prevalence in <span class="hlt">sea</span> lions from the rookery islands in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> than in those from the Pacific Coast. Antibodies against 11 serovars were identified in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California population; the most frequent reactions were against serovars Bataviae (90%), Pyrogenes (86%), Wolffi (86%), Celledoni (71%), and Pomona (65%). In the Pacific Ocean population, MAT was positive against eight serovars, where Wolffi (88%), Pomona (75%), and Bataviae (70%) were the most frequent. Serum samples agglutinated with more than one Leptospira serovar. The maximum titer was 3,200. Each island had a different serology profile, and islands combined showed a distinct profile for each region. We detected pathogenic Leptospira DNA in 63% of blood samples, but we found no saprophytic Leptospira. Positive PCR results were obtained in blood samples with high and low MAT titers. Together, these two methods enhance the diagnosis and interpretation of <span class="hlt">sea</span> lion leptospirosis. Our results may be related to human activities or the presence of other reservoirs with which <span class="hlt">sea</span> lions interact, and they may also be related to <span class="hlt">sea</span> lion stranding.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27811734','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27811734"><span>New records of the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> anemone Phelliactis callicyclus Riemann-Zurneck, 1973 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Hormathiidae) from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hendrickx, M E; Hinojosa-Corona, A; Ayón-Parente, M</p> <p>2016-10-20</p> <p>Specimens of a deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> anemone were observed in photographs and video footage taken with the Remotely Operated Vehicle JASON (WHOI Deep Submergence Laboratory) in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, Mexico, in May 2008. Comparison of our material with photographs and description of this species available in literature indicate that the <span class="hlt">sea</span> anemones filmed during the JASON survey are most likely to represent Phelliactis callicyclus Riemann-Zurneck, 1973. This species has previously been reported from a locality in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California near the present record. During the JASON survey, 28 specimens of P. callicyclus were spotted in 27 locations during six dives. The specimens occurred on angular rock outcrops along the escarpments of the transform faults of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, between depths of 993-2543 m and at temperatures ranging from 2.3 to 4.5°C. Based on these new records, Phelliactis callicyclus appears to be widely spread in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986299','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986299"><span>Assessment of phytoplankton and environmental variables for water quality and trophic state classification in the Gemlik <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, Marmara <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Turkey).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Balci, Muharrem; Balkis, Neslihan</p> <p>2017-02-15</p> <p>Phytoplankton assemblages related to environmental factors and ecological status of the Gemlik <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> were investigated between June 2010 and May 2011. A total 155 phytoplankton species were detected and 6 taxa (Amphisolenia laticincta, Archaeperidinium minutum, Cochlodinium sp., Gynogonadinium aequatoriale, Heterocapsa rotundata and Metaphalacroma sp.) were new records for the Turkish <span class="hlt">Seas</span>. The lowest and highest total phytoplankton abundance among the sampling units (depths) was recorded in April 2011 (7.4×10 3 cellsL -1 ) and July 2010 (251.8×10 3 cellsL -1 ). Local small patches of visible red tide events were detected especially in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, although a phytoplankton bloom was not observed. The water column was well stratified in the early autumn and well mixed in the early spring according to stratification index values. Surface nutrient concentrations increased especially at stations located inside of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. The limiting effect of silicate was observed in early, mid-summer and early winter periods while the nitrogen was the limiting nutrient in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> during the whole sampling period. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, low water quality-high mesotrophic and bad water quality-eutrophic status, high quality and low trophic level were generally detected according to Chl a, dissolved oxygen and trophic index. However, indices developed to determine the trophic level and water quality of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> can give unexpected results about the current environmental quality status when it is applied to the Marmara <span class="hlt">Sea</span> which has limited photic zone by the halocline-pycnocline and thermocline. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407873','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407873"><span>Delta-associated molluscan life and death assemblages in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Implications for paleoecology, regional diversity and conservation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weber, Kristina; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2013-01-15</p> <p>Life-death (LD) studies of shelly macrofauna are important to evaluate how well a fossil assemblage can reflect the original living community, but can also serve as a proxy for recent ecological shifts in marine habitats and in practice this has to be distinguished using taphonomic preservation pattern and estimates of time-averaging. It remains to be rigorously evaluated, however, how to distinguish between sources of LD disagreement. In addition, death assemblages (DAs) also preserve important information on regional diversity which is not available from single censuses of the life assemblages (LAs). The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is an ecosystem under anthropogenic pressure, and we studied the distribution and abundance of living and dead bivalve and gastropod species in the physically stressful environments (tidal flat and shallow sublittoral soft bottoms) associated with the delta of the Isonzo River (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste). Specifically we evaluated the fidelity of richness, evenness, abundance, habitat discrimination and beta diversity. A total of 10,740 molluscs from fifteen tidal flat and fourteen sublittoral sites were analyzed for species composition and distribution of living and dead molluscs. Of 78 recorded species, only eleven were numerically abundant. There were many more dead than living individuals and rarefied species richness in the DA was higher at all spatial scales, but the differences are lower in habitats and in the region than at individual stations. Evenness was always higher in death assemblages, and probably due to temporally more variable LAs the differences are stronger in the sublittoral habitats. Distinct assemblages characterized intertidal and sublittoral habitats, and the distribution and abundance of empty shells generally corresponded to that of the living species. Death assemblages have lower beta diversity than life assemblages, but empty shells capture compositional differences between habitats to a higher degree than living shells</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970031240','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970031240"><span>Monthly Maps of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Surface Height in the North Atlantic and Zonal Indices for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream Using TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Singh, Sandipa; Kelly, Kathryn A.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Monthly Maps of <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height are constructed for the North Atlantic Ocean using TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data. Mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height is reconstructed using a weighted combination of historical, hydrographic data and a synthetic mean obtained by fitting a Gaussian model of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream jet to altimeter data. The resultant mean shows increased resolution over the hydrographic mean, and incorporates recirculation information that is absent in the synthetic mean. Monthly maps, obtained by adding the mean field to altimeter <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height residuals, are used to derive a set of zonal indices that describe the annual cycle of meandering as well as position and strength of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712082L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712082L"><span>Assessing the main threats to marine ecosystem components of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> - Ionian Region for the implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lipizer, Marina</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Marine and coastal ecosystems and the related benefits they provide for humans are threatened by increasing pressures and competing usages. To address these issues, in the last decade, several EU legislations have been formulated to guarantee and promote sustainable use of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> (e.g. Common Fishery Policy, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Maritime Spatial Planning). As a first step to implement cross-border Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> - Ionian <span class="hlt">Seas</span>, a review of the main anthropogenic pressures due to maritime activities involving the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> - Ionian Region (AIR) as well as of the most relevant environmental components has been carried out. The main objective of the analysis is to better identify the spatial distribution of human uses of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> and of the key environmental components and the ecosystem services provided. The analysis of the existing conditions includes a description of the human activities per economic sector, considering type, location, dimension and magnitude of the activity in the AIR and the spatial extent of the main environmental and ecological values present in the AIR. The environmental status has been characterized according to the descriptors proposed by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD Directive 2008/56/EC) and the most sensitive ecosystem components in the AIR have been pointed out. A qualitative analysis of the relationships between good environmental status descriptors sensu MSFD and ecosystem services in the AIR has been carried out to provide useful information for the implementation of MSP. Cross-border Maritime Spatial Planning is particularly needed in a semi-enclosed basin such as the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, hosting very diverse human activities, ranging from fishery to tourism, sand extraction, commercial and passenger transport, oil and gas exploration and exploitation, which may partially overlap and severely threaten ecosystem functioning and the associated services.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.6053F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.6053F"><span>Physicochemical signatures of natural surfactant <span class="hlt">sea</span> films from coastal Middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> stations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frka, Sanja; Pogorzelski, Stanislaw; Kozarac, Zlatica; Ćosović, Božena</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Boundary layers between different environmental compartments represent critical interfaces for biological, chemical and physical processes. The <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface microlayer (SSM) as a top layer of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface represents natural interface between the atmosphere and ocean. Although < 1 mm in thickness the SML plays a key role in the global biogeochemical cycling because all gaseous, liquid and particulate materials must pass through this interface when exchanging between the ocean and the atmosphere. The SSM thus represents a very important driver enhancing air-water exchange processes. A variety of natural and anthropogenic organic compounds, particularly those which are surface active (SA) are generally enriched in the SML. It is widely acknowledged that the SSM is complex matrix of SA organics as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and humic substances. Although lipid material is much less abundant than carbohydrates and proteins in the SML, their contribution to surface activity may be disproportionately large. The surfactant films at the air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interface change its physicochemical properties reducing air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> exchange possesses by impeding molecular diffusion across the interface and influencing the hydrodynamic characteristics of water motion at the interface. Various biological, chemical and physical processes lead to the alteration of the film chemical composition, surface physical properties, surface concentration and spatial distribution of film-forming components. Instead of analyzing its chemical composition, it should be possible to scale the SML surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms in terms of structural parameters which appear to be a sensitive and quantitative measure of the film physicochemical composition, surface concentration and miscibility of its film-forming components. We will present a large data set obtained by electrochemical and monolayer techniques, accompanied with the novel scaling approach for physicochemical characterization of SA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24478577','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24478577"><span>Spatial distribution of fifty ornamental fish species on coral reefs in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khalaf, Maroof A; Abdallah, Mohamed</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The spatial distribution of 50 ornamental fish species from shallow water habitats on coral reefs were investigated using visual census techniques, between latitudes 11-29°N in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, in Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, and in the adjacent <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden in Djibouti. One hundred eighteen transects (each 100×5 m) were examined in 29 sites (3-8 sites per country). A total of 522,523 fish individuals were counted during this survey, with mean abundance of 4428.2 ± 87.26 individual per 500 m² transect. In terms of relative abundance (RA), the most abundant species were Blue green damselfish, Chromis viridis (RA=54.4%),followed by<span class="hlt">Sea</span> goldie, Pseudanthias squamipinnis (RA= 34.7), Whitetail dascyllus, Dascyllus aruanus (RA= 2.6%), Marginate dascyllus, Dascyllus marginatus (RA= 2.0),Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> eightline flasher Paracheilinus octotaenia (RA=1.0),andKlunzinger's wrasse, Thalassoma rueppellii (0.7%). The highest number of species (S) per 500 m² transect was found on reefs at the latitude 20° in Saudi Arabia (S=21.8), and the lowest number of species was found at the latitude 15° in Djibouti (S=11.11). The highest mean abundance (8565.8) was found on reefs at latitude 20° in Saudi Arabia and the lowest mean abundance (230) was found on reefs at latitude 22°, also in Saudi Arabia. Whereas, the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index was found in reefs at the latitude 22° (H`=2.4) and the lowest was found in reefs at the latitude 20° (H`=0.6). This study revealed marked differences in the structure of ornamental fish assemblages with latitudinal distribution. The data support the presence of two major biogeographic groups of fishes in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden: the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden group and the group in the northern and central Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Strong correlations were found between live coral cover and the number of fish species, abundance and Shannon-Wiener Diversity indices, and the strength of these correlations varied among the reefs. A</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3904139','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3904139"><span>Spatial distribution of fifty ornamental fish species on coral reefs in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Khalaf, Maroof A.; Abdallah, Mohamed</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The spatial distribution of 50 ornamental fish species from shallow water habitats on coral reefs were investigated using visual census techniques, between latitudes 11−29°N in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, in Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, and in the adjacent <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden in Djibouti. One hundred eighteen transects (each 100×5 m) were examined in 29 sites (3−8 sites per country). A total of 522,523 fish individuals were counted during this survey, with mean abundance of 4428.2 ± 87.26 individual per 500 m² transect. In terms of relative abundance (RA), the most abundant species were Blue green damselfish, Chromis viridis (RA=54.4%),followed by<span class="hlt">Sea</span> goldie, Pseudanthias squamipinnis (RA= 34.7), Whitetail dascyllus, Dascyllus aruanus (RA= 2.6%), Marginate dascyllus, Dascyllus marginatus (RA= 2.0),Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> eightline flasher Paracheilinus octotaenia (RA=1.0),andKlunzinger’s wrasse, Thalassoma rueppellii (0.7%). The highest number of species (S) per 500 m² transect was found on reefs at the latitude 20° in Saudi Arabia (S=21.8), and the lowest number of species was found at the latitude 15° in Djibouti (S=11.11). The highest mean abundance (8565.8) was found on reefs at latitude 20° in Saudi Arabia and the lowest mean abundance (230) was found on reefs at latitude 22°, also in Saudi Arabia. Whereas, the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index was found in reefs at the latitude 22° (H`=2.4) and the lowest was found in reefs at the latitude 20° (H`=0.6). This study revealed marked differences in the structure of ornamental fish assemblages with latitudinal distribution. The data support the presence of two major biogeographic groups of fishes in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden: the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden group and the group in the northern and central Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Strong correlations were found between live coral cover and the number of fish species, abundance and Shannon-Wiener Diversity indices, and the strength of these correlations varied among the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.4824D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.4824D"><span>Towards the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> meteotsunami early warning system: modelling strategy and validation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Denamiel, Clea; Šepić, Jadranka; Vilibić, Ivica</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Destructive meteotsunamis are known to occur along the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastal areas and islands (Vilibić and Šepić, 2009). The temporal lag between the offshore generation of meteotsunamis due to specific atmospheric conditions and the arrival of a dangerous nearshore propagating wave at known locations is of the order of tens of minutes to a couple of hours. In order to reduce the coastal risk for the coastal communities, an early warning system must rely on the ability to detect these extreme storms offshore with in-situ measurements and to predict the hydrodynamic response nearshore via numerical models within this short time lag. However, the numerical modelling of meteotsunamis requires both temporal and spatial high-resolution atmospheric and ocean models which are highly demanding concerning time and computer resources. Furthermore, both a multi-model approach and an ensemble modelling strategy should be used to better forecast the distribution of the nearshore impact of meteotsunamis. The modelling strategy used in this study thus rely on the development of an operational atmosphere-ocean model of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> at 1km spatial resolution based on the state-of-the-art fully coupled COAWST model (Warner et al., 2010). The model allows for generation of meteotsunamis offshore, while various high-resolution (up to 5m) nearshore hydrodynamic models (such as ADCIRC - Luettich and Westerink, 1991; SELFE - Zhang et al., 2008 and GeoClaw - LeVeque, 2012) are setup to properly reproduce meteotsunami dynamics of the entire Croatian coastal areas, which are characterized by a great number of islands, channels and bays. The implementation and validation of each component of this modelling system is first undertaken for the well documented meteotsunami event (Šepić et al., 2016), which was recorded along the Croatian <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast on the 25th and the 26th of June 2014. The validation of the modelling strategy as well as the model results is presented and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ECSS...88..233T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ECSS...88..233T"><span>Food-web traits of the North Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> ecosystem (Eastern Mediterranean) and comparison with other Mediterranean ecosystems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tsagarakis, K.; Coll, M.; Giannoulaki, M.; Somarakis, S.; Papaconstantinou, C.; Machias, A.</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>A mass-balance trophic model was built to describe the food-web traits of the North Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Strymonikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and Thracian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Greece, Eastern Mediterranean) during the mid-2000s and to explore the impacts of fishing. This is the first food-web model representing the Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and results were presented and discussed in comparison to other previous ecosystems modelled from the western and the central areas of the basin (South Catalan and North-Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Seas</span>). Forty functional groups were defined, covering the entire trophic spectrum from lower to higher trophic levels. Emphasis was placed on commercial invertebrates and fish. The potential ecological role of the invasive ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, and several vulnerable groups (e.g., dolphins) was also explored. Results confirmed the spatial productivity patterns known for the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> showing, for example, that the total biomass is highest in N.C. <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and lowest in N. Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Accordingly, food-web flows and several ecosystem indicators like the mean transfer efficiency were influenced by these patterns. Nevertheless, all three systems shared some common features evidencing similarities of Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> ecosystems such as dominance of the pelagic fraction in terms of flows and strong benthic-pelagic coupling of zooplankton and benthic invertebrates through detritus. The importance of detritus highlighted the role of the microbial food-web, which was indirectly considered through detritus dynamics. Ciliates, mesozooplankton and several benthic invertebrate groups were shown as important elements of the ecosystem linking primary producers and detritus with higher trophic levels in the N. Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Adult anchovy was shown as the most important fish group in terms of production, consumption and overall effect on the rest of the ecological groups in the model, in line with results from the Western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The five fishing fleets considered (both artisanal and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1122317-modeling-study-coastal-inundation-induced-storm-surge-sea-level-rise-subsidence-gulf-mexico','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1122317-modeling-study-coastal-inundation-induced-storm-surge-sea-level-rise-subsidence-gulf-mexico"><span>A modeling study of coastal inundation induced by storm surge, <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise, and subsidence in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Yang, Zhaoqing; Wang, Taiping; Leung, Lai-Yung R.</p> <p></p> <p>The northern coasts of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico are highly vulnerable to the direct threats of climate change, such as hurricane-induced storm surge, and such risks can be potentially exacerbated by land subsidence and global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. This paper presents an application of a coastal storm surge model to study the coastal inundation process induced by tide and storm surge, and its response to the effects of land subsidence and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coast. An unstructured-grid Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model was used to simulate tides and hurricane-induced storm surges in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico.more » Simulated distributions of co-amplitude and co-phase of semi-diurnal and diurnal tides are in good agreement with previous modeling studies. The storm surges induced by four historical hurricanes (Rita, Katrina, Ivan and Dolly) were simulated and compared to observed water levels at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tide stations. Effects of coastal subsidence and future global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise on coastal inundation in the Louisiana coast were evaluated using a parameter “change of inundation depth” through sensitivity simulations that were based on a projected future subsidence scenario and 1-m global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise by the end of the century. Model results suggested that hurricane-induced storm surge height and coastal inundation could be exacerbated by future global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and subsidence, and that responses of storm surge and coastal inundation to the effects of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and subsidence are highly nonlinear and vary on temporal and spatial scales.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28730364','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28730364"><span>Water resources vulnerability assessment in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> region: the case of Corfu Island.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kanakoudis, Vasilis; Tsitsifli, Stavroula; Papadopoulou, Anastasia; Cencur Curk, Barbara; Karleusa, Barbara</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Cross-border water resources management and protection is a complicated task to achieve, lacking a common methodological framework. Especially in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region, water used for drinking water supply purposes pass from many different countries, turning its management into a hard task to achieve. During the DRINKADRIA project, a common methodological framework has been developed, for efficient and effective cross-border water supply and resources management, taking into consideration different resources types (surface and groundwater) emphasizing in drinking water supply intake. The common methodology for water resources management is based on four pillars: climate characteristics and climate change, water resources availability, quality, and security. The present paper assesses both present and future vulnerability of water resources in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region, with special focus on Corfu Island, Greece. The results showed that climate change is expected to impact negatively on water resources availability while at the same time, water demand is expected to increase. Water quality problems will be intensified especially due to land use changes and salt water intrusion. The analysis identified areas where water resources are more vulnerable, allowing decision makers develop management strategies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1916444U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1916444U"><span>One microplate - three orogens: Alps, Dinarides, Apennines and the role of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> plate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ustaszewski, Kamil; Le Breton, Eline; Balling, Philipp; Handy, Mark R.; Molli, Giancarlo; Tomljenović, Bruno</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The motion of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate with respect to the Eurasian and African plates is responsible for the Mesozoic to present tectonic evolution of the Alps, Carpathians, the Dinarides and Hellenides as well as the Apennines. The classical approach for reconstructing plate motions is to assume that tectonic plates are rigid, then apply Euler's theorem to describe their rotation on an ideally spherical Earth by stepwise restorations of magnetic anomalies and fracture zones in oceanic basins. However, this approach is inadequate for reconstructing the motion of Mediterranean microplates like Adria, which, at present, is surrounded by convergent margins and whose oceanic portions have by now been entirely subducted. Most constraints on the motion of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate come either from palaeomagnetics or from shortening estimates in the Alps, i.e., its northern margin. This approach renders plate tectonic reconstructions prone to numerous errors, yielding inadmissible misfits in the Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> between southern Italy and northern Greece. At the same time, Adria's western and eastern margins in the Apennines and in the Dinarides have hitherto not been appropriately considered for improving constraints on the motion of Adria. This presentation presents new results of ongoing collaborative research that aims at improving the relative motion path for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate for the Cenozoic by additionally quantifying and restoring the amount of shortening and extension in a set of geophysical-geological transects from the Tyrrhenian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the Apennines and the Dinarides. Already now, our approach yields an improved motion path for the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> microplate for the last 20 Ma, which minimizes misfits in previous reconstructions. The currently largest challenge in our reconstructions is to reconcile amount and age of shortening in the Dinarides fold-and-thrust belt. For one thing, we see good agreement between the cross-sectional length of subducted material (c. 135 km</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V12C..08V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V12C..08V"><span>Volcanic Ash Preservation in Prokosko Jezero, Boznia Herzegowina - Extending our Knowledge of Eruptions in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Area.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>van den Bogaard, C.; Dörfler, W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Archaeological and palaeoecological studies of settlement phases and changes in society are often based on natural archives: changes in the sediment composition and pollen content reflect climatic developments, plant successions show human interactions with the landscape. Volcanic ash layers preserved in the archives form valuable time markers in archaeological studies, the data base is being enlarged rapidly. Here we report new results from a core from the Prokosko Jezero, Boznia Herzegowina, close to the Neolithic tell settlement at Okoliste. The core extends the European eruption record back into Late Glacial times. A total of at least 18 eruptive events are recorded in the core. No visible ash layers occur, 13 of the events are preserved as crypto-tephra layers, 5 as discrete layers. The ash particles have been provenance-fingerprinted by electron microprobe analysis and results are compared with published chemical measurements obtained from proximal and other distal sites within and around the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. One of the aims of the present study was the timely correlation to other distal sites, comparing the overregional environmental development.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022690','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022690"><span>Mercury biogeochemistry in the Idrija River, Slovenia, from above the mine into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hines, M.E.; Horvat, M.; Faganeli, J.; Bonzongo, J.-C.J.; Barkay, T.; Major, E.B.; Scott, K.J.; Bailey, E.A.; Warwick, J.J.; Lyons, W.B.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>The Idrija Mine is the second largest Hg mine in the world which operated for 500 years. Mercury (Hg)-laden tailings still line the banks, and the system is a threat to the Idrija River and water bodies downstream including the Soca/Isonzo River and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. A multidisciplinary study was conducted in June 1998 on water samples collected throughout the Idrija and Soca River systems and waters and sediments in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Total Hg in the Idrija River increased >20-fold downstream of the mine from 60 ng liter-1 with methyl mercury (MeHg) accounting for ~0.5%. Concentrations increased again downstream and into the estuary with MeHg accounting for nearly 1.5% of the total. While bacteria upstream of the mine did not contain mercury detoxification genes (mer), such genes were detected in bacteria collected downstream. Benthic macroinvertebrate diversity decreased downstream of the mine. <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> waters near the river mouth contained up to 65 ng liter-1 total Hg with ~0.05 ng liter-1 MeHg. <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> sediments near the river mouth contained 40 ??g g-1 total Hg with MeHg concentrations of about 3 ng g-1. Hg in sediment pore waters varied between 1 and 8 ng liter-1, with MeHg accounting for up to 85%. Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation were active in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> sediments with highest activities near the surface. MeHg was degraded by an oxidative pathway with >97% C released from MeHg as CO2. Hg methylation depth profiles resembled profiles of dissolved MeHg. Hg-laden waters still strongly impact the riverine, estuarine, and marine systems. Macroinvertebrates and bacteria in the Idrija River responded to Hg stress, and high Hg levels persist into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Increases in total Hg and MeHg in the estuary demonstrate the remobilization of Hg, presumably as HgS dissolution and recycling. <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> sediments actively produce MeHg, which enters bottom waters and presumably the marine food chain. (C) 2000 Academic Press.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GML....37..501F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GML....37..501F"><span>Late glacial to Holocene water level and climate changes in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik, <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara: evidence from multi-proxy data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Filikci, Betül; Eriş, Kürşad Kadir; Çağatay, Namık; Sabuncu, Asen; Polonia, Alina</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Multi-proxy analyses of new piston core M13-08 together with seismic data from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik provide a detailed record of paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes with special emphasis on the timing of the connections between the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara (SoM) and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik during the late Pleistocene to Holocene. The deposition of a subaqueous delta sourced from the Armutlu River to the north is attributed to the lowstand lake level at -60 m in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> prior to 13.5 cal ka BP. On the basis of the seismic data, it is argued that the higher lake level (-60 m) in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> compared to the SoM level (-85 m) attests to its disconnection from the SoM during the late glacial period. Ponto-Caspian assemblages in the lacustrine sedimentary unit covering the time period between 13.5 and 12 cal ka BP represent a relict that was introduced into the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> by a Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow during the marine isotope stage 3 interstadial. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, the data suggest that such an outflow into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik during the late glacial period could have occurred only if the SoM lake level (-85 m) was shallower than the sill depth (-55 m) of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> in the west. A robust age model of the core indicates the connection of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> with the marine SoM at 12 cal ka BP, consistent with the sill depth (-55 m) of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> on the global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level curve. Strong evidence of a marine incursion into the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is well documented by the μ-XRF Sr/Ca data. The available profiles of elemental ratios in core M13-08, together with the age-depth model, imply that a warm and wet climate prevailed in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> during the early Holocene (12-10.1 cal ka BP), whereas the longest drought occurred during the middle Holocene (8.2-5.4 cal ka BP). The base of the main Holocene sapropel in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is dated at 10.1 cal ka BP, i.e., 500 years younger than its equivalent in the SoM. The late Holocene is earmarked by warm and wet climate periods (5.0-4.2 and 4.2-2.7 cal ka BP) with some</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.4244B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.4244B"><span>Atmospheric forcing and <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Surface Temperature response in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Cadiz-Alboran <span class="hlt">Sea</span> system in a 20 years simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Boutov, D.; Peliz, A.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>In the frame of MedEX ("Inter-basin exchange in the changing Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>") Project a 20 years (1989-2008) simulation at 2km resolution covering <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Cadiz and Alboran <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, forced by 9 km winds (WRF downscaling of ERA-Interim reanalysis), is analyzed and compared with observations. Statistical methods, EOF techniques and two harmonic (including annual and semi-annual frequencies) data fit were performed for the analysis. Modeled SST fields are also compared with long-term (1996-2008) in-situ buoy observations provided by Puertos del Estado (Spain) and satellite derived Pathfinder SST database. Model SSTs generally follow observations data at annual and inter-annual scales with a global error not exceeding 0.17°C (model warmer than SST). No significant warming tendency was observed in both basins during the 20 years and the Interanual variability dominates, with the series showing a cooling period from 1991 to 1993 followed by a warming period started from 1994. In particular we show that SST cooling observed in the early 1990's in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Cadiz - Alboran system is associated with the 1991 catastrophic eruption of Pinatubo volcano (Philippines).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917513R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917513R"><span>Increase in earthquake swarm activity in the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Afar and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ruch, Joël; Keir, Derek; Ogubazghi, Ghebrebrhan; di Giacomo, Domenico; Ladron Viltres, Renier; Jónsson, Sigurjón</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Rifting events periodically occur at divergent plate boundaries, consisting of magmatic intrusions, seismic swarms, surface faulting and in some cases volcanic eruptions. While earthquake swarms also occur at other types of plate boundaries, the swarms that have been observed in inland rift zones (e.g., in Afar and Iceland) and in a few offshore cases show an unambiguous relation with magmatic intrusions. These swarms typically last for a few days to a few weeks, lack a clear mainshock-aftershock decay pattern. Here we present a new study on earthquake swarms in the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Afar and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. We provide the first earthquake swarm catalogue for the region, which we compiled by integrating reexamined global and local earthquake catalogues with historical observations from 1960 to 2016. We find that in several cases in all the three areas, swarms have been re-occurring at the same locations every few decades (e.g., in the Bada area in Eritrea and Port Sudan region in the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in 1967 and 1993, and in the western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden in 1979, 1997 and 2010-2012). This suggests the existence of active spreading centers that are more active than previously thought. The swarms show different families of earthquake magnitudes, with clusters of Mw4 and Mw5 events (southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Aden) and occasional larger than Mw6 events, primarily in the southern Afar region (the Serdo and Dobi areas). Of the three areas, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden shows the highest swarm activity, followed by the Afar area and the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Despite seeing the least amount of activity and lower magnitudes, the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> has experienced multiple earthquake swarms and three volcanic eruptions (two of which resulted in new volcanic islands) during the past 10 years. We show that the three areas have been subject to an almost simultaneous increase of earthquake swarm activity during the last 10 years. This period (2005-2014) was much more active compared to the preceding decades (1960</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018407','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018407"><span>Late quaternary deltaic and carbonate sedimentation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Papua foreland basin: Response to <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level change</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Harris, P.T.; Pattiaratchi, C.B.; Keene, J.B.; Dalrymple, R.W.; Gardner, J.V.; Baker, E.K.; Cole, A.R.; Mitchell, D.; Gibbs, P.; Schroeder, W.W.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>The rivers that drain the wet, mountainous island of New-Guinea discharge about 1.5 billion tonnes/yr of sediments into the adjacent <span class="hlt">seas</span>, including the foreland basin between New Guinea and Australia. Despite this huge sediment input, there appears to have been only limited deposition in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Papua during the (Holocene) postglacial rise in <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. Seismic and core data indicate that the transgressive systems tract in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Papua is thin and patchy. It is confined to regions within and north of an incised, east-west-trending shelf-valley system. Of the possible explanations for the absence of a significant transgressive systems tract, inland storage and along- and off-shelf transport of the sediment are of greatest significance. Reef growth up to the latitude of the east-west-trending incised-valley system in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Papua is considered to have been facilitated by a northward-flowing coastal boundary current, the Coral <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Coastal Current. This current now sweeps turbid, brackish waters and terrigenous sediments discharged by the rivers northwards away from the reefs. An observed northward offset in transgressive sediments in relation to the axis of the shelf valleys suggests that such a northward-flowing shelf current operated during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. The northern limit of the Great Barrier Reef could thus be controlled by the balance between fluvial sediment supply and northward advection of suspended sediment by the Coral <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Coastal Current. This current may also be important in maintaining a supply of clear water to the eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Papua, thus enabling photosynthesis and the flourishing of calcareous-algae (Halimeda) bioherms or biostromes at depths of up to 100 m over much of the middle and outer shelf, directly offshore of the modern Fly Delta. These carbonate sediments represent the exposed maximum flooding surface and condensed section. Modern highstand delta deposits have begun to prograde over this</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918766F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918766F"><span>The addition of hydrodynamic variables to predictive cold water coral habitat modeling: The Bari Canyon case-study, southwestern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Foglini, Federica; Bargain, Annaëlle; Angeletti, Lorenzo; Bonaldo, Davide; Carniel, Sandro; Taviani, Marco</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Predictive habitat modeling is gaining momentum because of its usefulness to recognize potential distributional patterns of ecosystems thus facilitating their proper governance when required, as it is for instance the case of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This holds particularly true for the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> in front of its overwhelming areal extent on a global scale and intrinsic technological difficulties (with related costs) for its direct exploration. Cold Water Corals (CWC) is one emblematic, virtually cosmopolitan, ecosystem in the deep, that is under international attention because of its multifaceted ecological importance. CWC is currently represented in the Mediterranean basin by habitats engineered by the arborescent scleractinians Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa associated with a number of other benthic invertebrates. One major CWC hotspot located on the southwestern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> margin, the Bari Canyon cold water coral province, has been targeted for producing habitat suitability maps. Initially the evaluation of the theoretical distribution of CWC in this area has been based upon visual observations, mainly extracted from geo-referenced underwater ROV imagery, coupled with the eco-geographic information derived from bathymetry. This approach relies upon the compilation and comparison of presence-only models (MaxEnt and ENFA), but also presence-absence model (GLMs). However, the pivotal role played by oceanographic factors has been soon added in order to achieve more robust predictive models. In fact, the Bari Canyon CWC province is situated on the main path of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Water cascading, and hypothesized to be sensitive to hydrological factors. Accordingly, the statistical models to assess potential habitat extent have been implemented using hydrodynamic fields provided by ROMS for ocean currents, coupled with SWAN within the COAWST modelling system to account for wave-current interactions. The integration of results is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29079085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29079085"><span>Spatially explicit risk approach for multi-hazard assessment and management in marine environment: The case study of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Furlan, Elisa; Torresan, Silvia; Critto, Andrea; Marcomini, Antonio</p> <p>2018-03-15</p> <p>In the last few decades the health of marine ecosystems has been progressively endangered by the anthropogenic presence. Natural and human-made pressures, as well as climate change effects, are posing increasing threats on marine areas, triggering alteration of biological, chemical and physical processes. Planning of marine areas has become a challenge for decision makers involved in the design of sustainable management options. In order to address threats posed by climate drivers in combination with local to regional anthropogenic pressures affecting marine ecosystems and activities, a multi-hazard assessment methodology was developed and applied to the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> for the reference scenario 2000-2015. Through a four-stages process based on the consecutive analysis of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and risk the methodology allows a semi-quantitative evaluation of the relative risk from anthropogenic and natural sources to multiple endpoints, thus supporting the identification and ranking of areas and targets more likely to be at risk. Resulting output showed that the higher relative hazard scores are linked to exogenic pressures (e.g. <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature variation) while the lower ones resulted from endogenic and more localized stressors (e.g. abrasion, nutrient input). Relatively very high scores were observed for vulnerability over the whole case study for almost all the considered pressures, showing seagrasses meadows, maërl and coral beds as the most susceptible targets. The approach outlined in this study provides planners and decision makers a quick-screening tool to evaluate progress towards attaining a good environmental status and to identify marine areas where management actions and adaptation strategies would be best targeted. Moreover, by focusing on risks induced by land-based drivers, resulting output can support the design of infrastructures for reducing pressures on the <span class="hlt">sea</span>, contributing to improve the land-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interface management</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.B52B..07H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.B52B..07H"><span>Seasonal changes of mercury reduction and methylation in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (north <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Horvat, M.; Bratkic, A.; Koron, N.; Faganeli, J.; Ribeiro Guevara, S.; Tinta, T.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>We have successfully improved and applied the 197Hg radiotracer method during the sampling campaign from March until November 2011, collecting and incubating sediments and waters with low 197Hg2+ additions without significantly increasing natural levels. The evolution of Me197Hg and DGM197 was followed. In addition, we have performed Hg speciation of the water column and sediment, determined diversity of microbial community and investigated microbial resistance to Hg through presence of merA and merB genes. Our results showed repeatedly that methylation does not occur in the water column of the GoT, and confirmed that sediments are the principal methylation site, as well as the source of MeHg to the water column. Its formation seems to be closely linked to nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface, where degradation of organic matter with accompanying oxygen consumption significantly stimulates MeHg production (range 0.85 pM - 3.39 pM). The water column showed a pronounced capability for 197Hg2+ reduction (up to 25% d-1), confirming that the GoT is a source of Hg to the atmosphere. Whether reduction was directly linked to genetic resistance; was a consequence of non-specific redox reactions or of other microbial mechanisms could not be demonstrated. Neither merA nor merB genes were detected, but the microbial community structure was changing in the water column seasonally, as did the reduction rates in the experiments. Most importantly, it was shown that 197Hg methodology is sensitive enough to follow Hg biogeochemical transformations at environmental levels. The advantage is that the minimal additions of 197Hg do not disturb the natural processes occurring in the environment and that very small changes can be detected. Hg stress in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> can directly manifest itself in biota and consequently result in a threat to environmental and public health and therefore needs to be seen in the light of changing global climate and marine environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714862B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714862B"><span>An observatory system for physical and biogeochemical parameters in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: the "Acqua Alta" oceanographic platform</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Benetazzo, Alvise; Barbariol, Francesco; Bastianini, Mauro; Bergamasco, Andrea; Bergamasco, Filippo; Bernardi Aubry, Fabrizio; Bertotti, Luciana; Bonaldo, Davide; Cavaleri, Luigi; Carniel, Sandro; Falcieri, Francesco M.; Finotto, Stefania; Lester, Graham; Licer, Matjaz; Malacic, Vlado; Minuzzo, Tiziano; Sclavo, Mauro</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The history of the "Acqua Alta" oceanographic platform (http://www.ismar.cnr.it/infrastructures/piattaforma-acqua-alta) started more than forty years ago, shortly after the dramatic surge that affected the city of Venice in late 1966. Since then, benefiting also from recent funding acquired within the National Flagship Project RITMARE, great efforts have been devoted to monitor the oceanographic and atmospheric conditions in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (NA), in the proximity of the Venice lagoon. Nowadays the "Acqua Alta", located on a 16 m depth area, represents a success story of the Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), that manages the structure and used collected data to improve the knowledge of the fragile <span class="hlt">sea</span> environment that surrounds the Venetian littoral. The directional wave observations started in 1979, representing one of the world longest continuous series. On the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface, waves are now routinely observed by means of a submerged acoustic-Doppler system that provides burst of directional wave data, including significant wave height, mean wave period and direction of propagation. Currently these wave parameters are integrated with the data collected by a stereo-video system (namely Wave Acquisition Stereo System, WASS) that provides the 3-D profile of the wavy <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface. WASS data are unleashing a "new view" for ocean waves providing the complete space-time dynamics of wave groups. Moreover, a series of multiparameters probes permits to measure the vertical distribution of <span class="hlt">sea</span> temperature (at nine depths from the surface to the bottom), salinity (three positions), dissolved oxygen (two positions), and turbidity close to the <span class="hlt">sea</span> bottom. The collected data are continuously used to track the water masses that enter, leave, and are produced within the NA. A striking example is provided by the temperature and salinity data used to follow the exceptional dense water formation that occurred in this basin</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17034843','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17034843"><span>Relationships among predatory fish, <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins and barrens in Mediterranean rocky reefs across a latitudinal gradient.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guidetti, P; Dulcić, J</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>Previous studies conducted on a local scale emphasised the potential of trophic cascades in Mediterranean rocky reefs (involving predatory fish, <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins and macroalgae) in affecting the transition between benthic communities dominated by erected macroalgae and barrens (i.e., bare rock with partial cover of encrusting algae). Distribution patterns of fish predators of <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins (Diplodus sargus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Coris julis and Thalassoma pavo), <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins (Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) and barrens, and fish predation rates upon <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins, were assessed in shallow (3-6m depth) sublittoral rocky reefs in the northern, central and southern sectors of the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, i.e., on a large spatial scale of hundreds of kilometres. No dramatic differences were observed in predatory fish density across latitude, except for a lower density of small D. sargus sargus in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and an increasing density of T. pavo from north to south. P. lividus did not show any significant difference across latitude, whereas A. lixula was more abundant in the southern than in the central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Barrens were more extended in the southern than in the central and northern sectors, and were related with <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchin density. Fish predation upon adult <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins did not change on a large scale, whereas it was slightly higher in the southern sector for juveniles when predation rates of both urchins were pooled. Results show that: (1) assemblages of predatory fish and <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins, and barren extent change across latitude in the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, (2) the weak relations between predatory fish density and predation rates on urchins reveal that factors other than top-down control can be important over large scale (with the caveat that the study was conducted in fished areas) and (3) patterns of interaction among strongly interacting taxa could change on large spatial scales and the number of species involved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7229659-underwater-sightings-sea-turtles-northern-gulf-mexico-final-report','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7229659-underwater-sightings-sea-turtles-northern-gulf-mexico-final-report"><span>Underwater sightings of <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Final report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rosman, I.; Boland, G.S.; Martin, L.</p> <p>1987-10-01</p> <p>Between 1975 and 1985, eight scientific studies were conducted in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The purpose here was to review the data collected from all eight studies for information concerning underwater sightings of <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles. Records of 1,024 scuba dives, 909 hours of underwater video and submersible observations, and some 1,500 days of time-lapse photographic observations were compiled from published reports, data logs, and photographic material. The effort yielded 268 verifiable underwater sightings of <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles, 231 of which came from time-lapse cameras. The majority of sightings that could be identified by species were of loggerheads. Other species sightedmore » included three leatherbacks and one Kemp's Ridley.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA511303','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA511303"><span>An Evaluation of a High-Resolution Operational Wave Forecasting System in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>work of Martina Tudor. We thank APAT for sharing RON wave buoy data. We thank Jacopo Chiggiato and Servizio Idro-Meteo-Clima ARPA-SIMC of Emilia...influences on the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> sirocco wind. Ann. Geophys. 25.1263-1267. Pasaric. Z., BeluSic, D.. Chiggiato . J.. 2009. Orographic effects on meteorological...Southern California Bight. Coastal Eng. 54(1). 1-15. Signell. R.P.S.. Camiel. S., Cavaleri. L. Chiggiato . J.. Doyle. J.D.. Pullen. J„ Scavo. M</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHE54A1579D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHE54A1579D"><span>CDOM Optical Properties and Connectivity in the Western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska, the Unimak Pass and the Southeastern Bering <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in the Spring During a Cold Year</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>D'Sa, E. J.; Goes, J. I.; Mouw, C. B.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Flow through the Aleutian Passes connects the North Pacific to the Bering <span class="hlt">Sea</span> with the Unimak Pass forming an important conduit for the flow of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska water to the southeastern Bering shelf. While the biophysical properties have been studied for this region, little is known about the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its optically active chromophoric component (CDOM) which play key roles in ocean color and several biogeochemical and photochemical processes. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and CDOM absorption and fluorescence properties were measured at locations in the western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska, Unimak Pass and the southeastern Bering <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in spring 2012, a relatively cold year as indicated by hydrographic field and satellite <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature data. DOC concentrations were on average higher in the western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska (112.21 ± 20.05 µM) and Unimak Pass (106.14 ± 16.10 µM), than the southeastern Bering <span class="hlt">Sea</span> shelf (73.28 ± 11.71 µM) suggesting <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska shelf water to be an important source of DOM to the eastern Bering <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Overall, CDOM absorption was relatively low while parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis of DOM fluorescence identified two humic-like (terrestrial and marine) and one protein-like (tryptophan-like) component in the DOM pool. Relationships between the DOM optical properties and the physical regime will be further examined in this study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29887002','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29887002"><span>Marine litter on the beaches of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Ionian <span class="hlt">Seas</span>: An assessment of their abundance, composition and sources.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vlachogianni, Thomais; Fortibuoni, Tomaso; Ronchi, Francesca; Zeri, Christina; Mazziotti, Cristina; Tutman, Pero; Varezić, Dubravka Bojanić; Palatinus, Andreja; Trdan, Štefan; Peterlin, Monika; Mandić, Milica; Markovic, Olivera; Prvan, Mosor; Kaberi, Helen; Prevenios, Michael; Kolitari, Jerina; Kroqi, Gulielm; Fusco, Marina; Kalampokis, Evangelos; Scoullos, Michael</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The abundance, composition and sources of marine litter were determined on beaches located in the seven countries of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>-Ionian macroregion, namely Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. A total of 70,581 marine litter items were classified and recorded through one-year long surveys carried out in 31 sites. The average litter density of 0.67 items/m 2 found within this study is considered to be relatively high. The beaches investigated differed in terms of human-induced pressures; their majority is classified either as semi-urban or semi-rural, while very few beaches could be characterized as urban or remote/natural. The majority of litter items were made of artificial/anthropogenic polymer materials accounting for 91.1% of all litter. Litter from shoreline sources accounted for 33.4% of all litter collected. The amount of litter from <span class="hlt">sea</span>-based sources ranged in the different countries from 1.54% to 14.84%, with an average of 6.30% at regional level. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136534','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136534"><span>Investigating the potential impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on gene biomarker expression and global DNA methylation in loggerhead <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles (Caretta caretta) from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cocci, Paolo; Mosconi, Gilberto; Bracchetti, Luca; Nalocca, John Mark; Frapiccini, Emanuela; Marini, Mauro; Caprioli, Giovanni; Sagratini, Gianni; Palermo, Francesco Alessandro</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are priority contaminants that bioaccumulate through the food webs and affect the biology of a variety of resident and migratory species, including <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles. Few studies have evaluated toxicological biomarkers of exposure to PAHs and PCBs in these animals. The present paper reports the results of an initial field study to quantify the association between plasma concentrations of PAHs/PCBs and whole blood cell expression of gene biomarkers in juvenile loggerhead <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles (Caretta caretta) rescued along the Italian coasts of the northern and central areas of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. While detectable levels of PAHs were found in all plasma samples examined, only three PCB congeners (PCB52, PCB95, and PCB149) were noted, with detection percentages ranging between 48% and 57%. A significant correlation was found between 3 of the 6 gene biomarkers assessed (HSP60, CYP1A and ERα) and plasma levels of some PAH congeners. In contrast, no significant association between PCB burden and gene expression was observed. The global DNA methylation levels were significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of most of the PAHs and only one of the PCB congeners (PCB52). The relation between PAH concentration and gene expression in whole blood cells suggests that these genes may respond to environmental contaminant exposure and are promising candidates for the development of biomarkers for monitoring <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009OcDyn..59..953N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009OcDyn..59..953N"><span>Modelling for anchovy recruitment studies in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lions (Western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nicolle, Amandine; Garreau, Pierre; Liorzou, Bernard</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus) is an important commercial species and one of the most abundant pelagic fish in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lions and the Catalan <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The factors influencing its recruitment are crucial to fisheries and ecological research. Among those factors transport of larvae by hydrodynamics (currents) is important because it determines whether the organisms can reach areas favourable to recruitment or are dispersed. Therefore, the first step in anchovy recruitment modelling is to simulate North-western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> circulation. Several years (2001-2008) of hydrodynamics were simulated with the MARS-3D code. The resulting simulated currents and salinity are used by Lagrangian tool, Ichthyop, to transport anchovy eggs and larvae to the Western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The aim of this study is to understand the main hydrodynamic processes that control anchovy transport and the effects of diel vertical migration on the transport and final distribution of anchovy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711070C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711070C"><span>A combined observational and modeling approach to the study of coastal areas: the case of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cosoli, Simone; Licer, Matjaz; Malacic, Vlado; Papapostolou, Alexandros; Axaopoulos, Panagiotis</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>During the last decade high-frequency (HF) radar systems have been installed operationally throughout the world, and extensive validation efforts have proven their reliability in mapping near-surface currents at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Nowadays, they are considered as a reliable benchmark for the validation of numerical circulation models and of tidal current models. Similarly to HFR data, ocean circulation models are now considered reliable tools that are routinely put into operational use to provide a wide range of products of public interest. To insure the scientific integrity, assessing the skill of the model products is a crucial point, especially in coastal areas where tidal processes (such as currents or mixing) are important, bathymetry and changes in the vertical and horizontal structure of temperature, salinity, and density due either to seasonal variations or impulsive-type freshwater input are also critical. Here we present the case of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste, northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, a complex coastal region in which circulation is controlled by a number of complex processes that include tides, wind, waves and variations in river discharge with significant temporal variability. By comparing radar observations, data from moorings and coastal tide gauges, with the output of different circulation models (NAPOM -an operational version of Princeton Ocean Model (POM) for the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>; and OTPS, a barotropic tidal model for the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>), we show that: HFR observations and model simulations are complementary tools in complex coastal regions, in the sense that they reciprocally help accounting for their intrinsic limitations (i.e., lack of vertical resolution in HFR data; areas with significant topographic gradients for models); tidal models accurately describe tidal features in the region; and that existing intrinsic data-model discrepancies can be interpreted and used to propose correction to the models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70184378','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70184378"><span>Holocene climate and climate variability of the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and adjacent northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast: A review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Poore, Richard Z.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Marine records from the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico indicate that significant multidecadal- and century-scale variability was common during the Holocene. Mean annual <span class="hlt">sea</span>-surface temperature (SST) during the last 1,400 years may have varied by 3°C, and excursions to cold SST coincide with reductions in solar output. Broad trends in Holocene terrestrial climate and environmental change along the eastern portion of the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast are evident from existing pollen records, but the high-frequency details of climate variability are not well known. Continuous and well-dated records of climate change and climate variability in the western portion of the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast are essentially lacking.Information on Holocene floods, droughts, and storm frequency along the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast is limited. Records of floods may be preserved in continental shelf sediments, but establishing continuity and chronologies for sedimentary sequences on the shelf presents challenges due to sediment remobilization and redeposition during storms. Studies of past storm deposits in coastal lakes and marshes show promise for constructing records of past storm frequency. A recent summary of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level history of the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast indicates <span class="hlt">sea</span> level was higher than modern <span class="hlt">sea</span> level several times during the last few thousand years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..113a2139Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..113a2139Z"><span>Countermeasure Study on Deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> Oil Exploitation in the South China Sea——A Comparison between Deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> Oil Exploitation in the South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Hui; Qiu, Weiting; Qu, Weilu</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The unpromising situation of terrestrial oil resources makes the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> oil industry become an important development strategy. The South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> has a vast <span class="hlt">sea</span> area with a wide distribution of oil and gas resources, but there is a phenomenon that exploration and census rates and oil exploitation are low. In order to solve the above problems, this article analyzes the geology, oil and gas exploration and exploration equipment in the South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Comparing the political environment of China and the United States energy industry and the economic environment of oil companies, this article points out China’s deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> oil exploration and mining problems that may exist. Finally, the feasibility of oil exploration and exploitation in the South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is put forward, which will provide reference to improve the conditions of oil exploration in the South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and promoting the stable development of China’s oil industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982428','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982428"><span>SWASV speciation of Cd, Pb and Cu for the determination of seawater contamination in the area of the Nicole shipwreck (Ancona coast, Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Annibaldi, Anna; Illuminati, Silvia; Truzzi, Cristina; Scarponi, Giuseppe</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The study reports for the first time on the heavy metal contamination of the waters surrounding a shipwreck lying on the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry has been used for a survey of the total and dissolved Cd, Pb and Cu contents of the seawater at the site of the sinking of the Nicole M/V (Coastal <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy). Results show that the hulk has a considerable impact as regards all three metals in the bottom water, especially for the particulate fraction concentrations, which increased by factors of ≈ 9 (Cd), ≈ 3 (Pb) and ≈ 5 (Cu). The contaminated plume extended downstream for about 2 miles. Much lower contamination was observed for dissolved bottom concentrations; nevertheless Pb (0.56 ± 0.03 nmol/L) is higher than the Italian legal limits established for 2015 and Cd (0.23 ± 0.03 nmol/L) is very close the limit of Cd will be exceeded if the hulk is not removed. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239563','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239563"><span>A geographical information system for the management of the aquaculture data in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> - the Strengthening of Centres for Aquaculture Production and Safety surveillance in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> countries experience: Present capabilities, tools and functions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tora, Susanna; Sacchini, Silvio; Listeš, Eddy; Bogdanović, Tanja; Di Lorenzo, Alessio; Smajlović, Muhamed; Smajlović, Ahmed; Filipović, Jelena V; Tahirović, Vildana; Šuković, Danijela; Beljkas, Bojan; Xinxo, Ardian; Maçi, Renis; Colangeli, Patrizia; Di Giacinto, Federica; Conte, Annamaria</p> <p>2017-11-08</p> <p>The European Commission (EC) regulation no. 854/2004 requires a systematic monitoring of chemical and microbiological contaminants in live bivalve molluscs, live echinoderms, live tunicates and live marine gastropods for human consumption through surveillance plans to be implemented in all European Union (EU) countries.A consortium of five <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> countries was set up in the framework of the Instrument of Pre-accession Assistance <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Cross-border Cooperation Programme (IPA <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> CBC) 2007- 2013 with the aim of collecting data and distribute information on harvesting and production in mollusc areas. A web-based geographical information system (GIS) application was developed to support the partners to manage data and to make these data available to final users, policy makers and to risk assessors. The GIS for the Strengthening of Centres for Aquaculture Production and Safety surveillance in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> countries (CAPS2) is divided into two levels, the national and the supranational one, and it distributes spatial and epidemiological information coming from various data acquisition and management sites. The great innovation is the possibility for each country to use online drawing, modifying and change of the geographic areas according to national surveillance needs. Currently it hosts data coming from about 230 production and relay areas with more than 29,478 laboratory tests performed on collected samples since August 2014. Data collected are used by each national competent authority to classify production or relay areas according to the EC regulation mentioned and to conduct risk assessment studies to evaluate the level of consumers' exposure to contaminants in the consumption of bivalve mollusc products.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5949962-oysters-estuaries-late-pleistocene-holocene-sea-level-northeastern-gulf-mexico','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5949962-oysters-estuaries-late-pleistocene-holocene-sea-level-northeastern-gulf-mexico"><span>Oysters, estuaries, and Late Pleistocene-Holocene <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, northeastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Schroeder, W.W.; Shultz, A.W.</p> <p>1993-03-01</p> <p>The timing and magnitude of global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level fluctuations over the past 35 kyr remain nondum ostenduntur after three decades of study. The construction of local relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level histories is often complicated by the need to assess regional tectonic and climatic components together. The authors attempt to contribute to an understanding of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level fluctuations in the northeastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico through the application of faunal tracking, using fossil oyster shells as indicators of paleoestuarine environments. They assume that sites on the continental shelf where oysters have been collected were coastal and therefore are reasonable approximations of past shorelinemore » locations and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level elevations. They acknowledge that this assumption is a leap of faith for some observers, but is justified as a provisional step toward an independent determination. Insights into Quaternary coastal paleogeography are gathered from locations and radiocarbon ages of American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shells collected from the Alabama continental shelf. Prior to the onset of the last Wisconsinan glaciation (35 to 26 kyr BP), estuaries occupied a zone 20 to 25 km seaward of today's coastline. As glaciation increased and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level was lowered (23 to 21 kyr BP), open coastal estuarine conditions developed southward. Oysters dating from the lowstand period (20 to 16 kyr BP) have not been collected. As <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rose over the next 10 kyr (16 to 6 kyr BP), estuaries were displaced northward in steps. This data on depths and ages can be viewed as supporting an interpretation of fluctuating Holocene <span class="hlt">sea</span> level, rather than a steady <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24957795','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24957795"><span>Trace elements in blood of <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles Lepidochelys olivacea in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zavala-Norzagaray, A A; Ley-Quiñónez, C P; Espinosa-Carreón, T L; Canizalez-Román, A; Hart, C E; Aguirre, A A</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>This study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in blood collected from Pacific Ridley <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) inhabiting the coast of Guasave, Mexico, in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California. The highest reported metal concentration in blood was Zn, followed by Se. Of nonessential toxic metals, As was reported in higher percentage compared to Cd. The concentrations of metals detected were present as follows: Zn > Se > Mn > As > Ni > Cd > Cu. Cd concentration in blood is higher in our population in comparison with other populations of L. olivacea, and even higher in other species of <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles. Our study reinforces the usefulness of blood for the monitoring of the levels of contaminating elements, and is easily accessible and nonlethal for <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS..113...20A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ECSS..113...20A"><span>Mercury in the sediments of the Marano and Grado Lagoon (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>): Sources, distribution and speciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Acquavita, Alessandro; Covelli, Stefano; Emili, Andrea; Berto, Daniela; Faganeli, Jadran; Giani, Michele; Horvat, Milena; Koron, Neža; Rampazzo, Federico</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>The existence of mining tailings in Idrija (Slovenia) and their subsequent transportation via the Isonzo River has been the primary source of mercury (Hg) in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> for almost 500 years, making the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste and the adjacent Marano and Grado Lagoon two of the most contaminated marine areas in the world. A further, more recent, contribution of Hg has been added by the operation of a chlor-alkali plant (CAP) located in the drainage basin flowing into the Lagoon. On the basis of previous research, as well as new data obtained from the "MIRACLE" project (Mercury Interdisciplinary Research for Appropriate Clam farming in a Lagoon Environment), the spatial distribution of Hg and its relationships with methylmercury (MeHg), organic matter and several geochemical parameters in surface sediments were investigated. The predominant and long-term impacts of the cinnabar-rich Isonzo River particulate matter in the Lagoon surface sediments are evident and confirmed by a decreasing concentration gradient from east (>11 μg g-1) to west (0.7 μg g-1). Hg originated from the CAP is only significant in the central sector of the Lagoon. Hg is primarily associated with fine-grained sediments (<16 μm), as a consequence of transport and dispersion from the fluvial source through littoral and tidal currents. However, speciation analyses highlighted the presence of Hg sulphides in the coarse sandy fraction of sediments from the eastern area, as expected given the origin of the sedimentary material. Unlike Hg, the distribution of MeHg (0.47-7.85 ng g-1) does not show a clear trend. MeHg constitutes, on average, 0.08% of total Hg and percentages are comparable to those obtained in similar lagoon environments. Higher MeHg concentrations in low to intermediate Hg-contaminated sediments indicate that the metal availability is not a limiting factor for MeHg occurrence, thus suggesting a major role played by environmental conditions and/or speciation. The reasonably</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOS.A24C2597F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOS.A24C2597F"><span>Middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Study of the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Surface Films as a Sink and Source of Trace Organics of Marine Aerosols</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frka Milosavljevic, S.; Cvitešić, A.; Kroflič, A.; Šala, M.; Ciglenečki, I.; Grgic, I.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Properties, (trans)formation, and removal of organic particles remain the least understood aspects of atmospheric chemistry despite the importance of organic aerosol (OA) for both human health and climate change. Recently, organosulfur compounds (OS) have come into the focus of atmospheric research as significant reservoirs of S in the atmosphere, being potentially important components of gas-to-particle conversion and formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) especially in the oceanic region. Moreover, nitroaromatic compounds (NAC), as (methyl)nitrocatehols recently reported as potentially toxic constituents of aerosol water soluble organic matter (WSOM) and significant SOA tracers, have not been studied over marine atmosphere till now. A range of global exchange processes between the <span class="hlt">sea</span> and the atmosphere is hindered by the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface microlayer (SML) generally enriched in surface active organics which form films and serve both as a sink and a source of marine OA. To better understand the role of surfactant films at the air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interface in global biogeochemistry as well as the sources and transport pathways of marine OA and to estimate their importance in global climate, it is necessary to study chemical composition and properties of trace organics, OS and NAC, in both the SML and marine aerosols as an integrated whole. We will present the first attempt to study marine aerosol WSOM as well as the SML collected in the Middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> with a special emphasis on its total S and OS content as well as on specific NAC. For that purpose a novel methodological approach capable of their quantification as well as determination of their surfactant nature is applied by combining liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry. The obtained data are correlated with those for dissolved and particulate organic carbon, water soluble anions and cations, chlorophyll a, nutrients, and surfactants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.9435V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.9435V"><span>Climate services for the assessment of climate change impacts and risks in coastal areas at the regional scale: the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> case study (Italy).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Valentina, Gallina; Torresan, Silvia; Giannini, Valentina; Rizzi, Jonathan; Zabeo, Alex; Gualdi, Silvio; Bellucci, Alessio; Giorgi, Filippo; Critto, Andrea; Marcomini, Antonio</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>At the international level, the interest for climate services is rising due to the social and economic benefits that different stakeholders can achieve to manage climate risks and take advantage of the opportunities associated with climate change impacts. However, there is a significant gap of tools aimed at providing information about risks and impacts induced by climate change and allowing non-expert stakeholders to use both climate-model and climate-impact data. Within the CLIM-RUN project (FP7), the case study of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is aimed at analysing the need of climate information and the effectiveness of climate services for the integrated assessment of climate change impacts in coastal zones of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> at the regional to local scale. A participative approach was developed and applied to identify relevant stakeholders which have a mandate for coastal zone management and to interact with them in order to elicit their climate information needs. Specifically, the participative approach was carried out by means of two local workshops and trough the administration of a questionnaire related to climate information and services. The results of the process allowed identifying three major themes of interest for local stakeholders (i.e. hydro-climatic regime, coastal and marine environment, agriculture) and their preferences concerning key climate variables (e.g. extreme events, <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level, wave height), mid-term temporal projections (i.e. for the next 30-40 years) and medium-high spatial resolution (i.e. from 1 to 50 km). Furthermore, the workshops highlighted stakeholder concern about several climate-related impacts (e.g. <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise, storm surge, droughts) and vulnerable receptors (e.g. beaches, wetlands, agricultural areas) to be considered in vulnerability and risk assessment studies for the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastal zones. This information was used by climate and environmental risk experts in order to develop targeted climate information and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JGRD..113.5306C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JGRD..113.5306C"><span>Sources and fluxes of atmospheric trace elements to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Ying; Paytan, Adina; Chase, Zanna; Measures, Christopher; Beck, Aaron J.; SañUdo-Wilhelmy, Sergio A.; Post, Anton F.</p> <p>2008-03-01</p> <p>We present the first comprehensive investigation of the concentrations, fluxes and sources of aerosol trace elements over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba. We found that the mean atmospheric concentrations of crustally derived elements such as Al, Fe and Mn (1081, 683, and 16.7 ng m-3) are about 2-3 times higher than those reported for the neighboring Mediterranean area. This is indicative of the dominance of the mineral dust component in aerosols over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Anthropogenic impact was lower in comparison to the more heavily populated areas of the Mediterranean. During the majority of time (69%) the air masses over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> originated from Europe or Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> areas delivering anthropogenic components such as Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, and P. Airflows derived from North Africa in contrast contained the highest concentrations of Al, Fe, and Sr but generally lower Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, and P. Relatively high Pb, Ni, and V were found in the local and Arabian airflows suggesting a greater influence of local emission of fuel burning. We used the data and the measured trace metal seawater concentrations to calculate residence times of dissolved trace elements in the upper 50 m surface water of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (with respect to atmospheric input) and found that the residence times for most elements are in the range of 5-37 years while Cd and V residence times are longer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9999E..0ZY','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9999E..0ZY"><span>Satellite views of the massive algal bloom in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman during 2008-2009</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yu, Shujie; Gong, Fang; He, Xianqiang; Bai, Yan; Zhu, Qiankun; Wang, Difeng; Chen, Peng</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman locate at the northwest of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, with the total area more than 50,0000 km2. The Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is a semi-enclosed subtropical <span class="hlt">sea</span> with high water temperature, extremely high salinity, and an average depth of 50 meters. By the Strait of Hormuz, the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is connected to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman which is significantly affected by the monsoonal winds and by water exchange between the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Algal blooms occurred frequently in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, and some of them are harmful algal blooms which may lead to massive fish death and thereby serious economic loss. Due to the widely spatial coverage and temporal variation, it is difficult to monitoring the dynamic of the algal bloom based on in situ measurement. In this study, we used the remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite to investigate a massive algal bloom event in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman during 2008-2009. The time series of MODIS-derived chlorophyll concentration (Chl-a) indicated that the bloom event with high Chl-a concentration ( 60 percent higher than corresponding climatological data) appeared to lasting more than 8 months from autumn of 2008 to spring of 2009. In addition, the bloom was widespread from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman and neighboring open ocean. The MODIS-derived net primary production (NPP) collected from MODIS showed the same trend with Chl-a. Multiple forces including upwelling, dust deposition was taken into account to elucidate the mechanisms for the long-lasting algal bloom. The time series chlorophyll concentration of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> emerges a significant seasonal pattern with maximum concentrations seen during the winter time and lowest during the summer. It also indicated slight disturbances occurred in June (May/July) and December (November/ January) in some years. The <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature and water</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7218H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7218H"><span>Down-core changes in molluscan death assemblages at Panzano Bay, an impacted area in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haselmair, Alexandra; Gallmetzer, Ivo; Stachowitsch, Michael; Tomasovych, Adam; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>We use a historical ecology approach to shed light on the environmental history of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> over the last hundreds to thousands of years. We focus on down-core changes in molluscan death assemblages, which serve as proxies for ecological shifts over time. The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is particularly suited to study ecosystem modification under human pressure because it is among the most degraded marine ecosystems worldwide. We chose a sampling station in Panzano Bay, close the Isonzo River mouth and not far from the major industrial harbours of Trieste (Italy) and Koper (Slovenia), and traced down-core changes in molluscan community structure in correlation to major anthropogenic impacts that occurred here during the last centuries. Five sediment cores (1.5 m in length and diameters of 90 and 160 mm) were taken at a water depth of 12 m. We analysed grain size composition, the concentration of heavy metals and organic pollutants, and radiometrically dated the sediment using 210Pb. Furthermore, we dated shells of the abundant bivalve species Corbula gibba using 14C calibrated amino acid-racemisation (AAR). The whole molluscan community in the cores was analysed for species composition, abundance, taxonomic similarity, evidence for ecological interactions (i.e., frequencies of drilling predation) and taphonomic conditions of shells. The granulometric analysis shows that silt and clay dominate equally throughout the cores. Radiometric sediment dating revealed an average sedimentation rate of 2.5 mm/yr during the last 120 years. Shell dating points to a comparable overall core age, with only a few shell specimens being older than 500 years in the deepest core layer. In total, 10,452 mollusc individuals were analysed and 104 species identified. The most abundant bivalve species are Kurtiella bidentata, Corbula gibba and Abra nitida. Turritella communis and Nassarius pygmaeus are the most frequent gastropod species. Down-core changes in species composition</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5940206','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5940206"><span>Phytochemical study of the headspace volatile organic compounds of fresh algae and seagrass from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (single point collection)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Marijanović, Zvonimir; Roje, Marin; Kuś, Piotr M.; Jokić, Stela; Čož-Rakovac, Rozelinda</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Performed phytochemical study contributes to the knowledge of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kützing, Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile and Flabellia petiolata (Turra) Nizamuddin from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (single point collection). VOCs were investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS/FID). H. filicina headspace contained dimethyl sulfide (DMS; 12.8%), C8-compounds (e.g. fucoserratene (I; 9.5%)), benzaldehyde (II; 8.7%), alkane C17, dictyopterene D and C (III, IV), tribromomethane (V), 1-iodopentane, others. F. petiolata headspace was characterized by DMS (22.2%), 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (9.5%), C17 (9.1%), II (6.5%), compounds I-V. DMS (59.3%), C15 (14.5%), C17 (7.2%) and C19 (6.3%) dominated in P. oceanica headspace. Sesquiterpenes were found in D. dichotoma, predominantly germacrene D (28.3%) followed by other cadinenyl (abundant), muurolenyl and amorphenyl structures. Determined VOCs may be significant for chemosystematics and chemical communications in marine ecosystem. PMID:29738535</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984DSRA...31..719F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984DSRA...31..719F"><span>Dissolved and particulate trace metals in coastal waters of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and Western Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fowler, S. W.; Huynh-Ngoc, L.; Fukai, R.</p> <p></p> <p>Concentrations of chemical species of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb) were determined in surface waters from a series of coastal sites in Bahrain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Sultanate of Oman. Analyses were carried out on bulk <span class="hlt">sea</span> water samples as well as on suspended particulates by anodic stripping voltammetry. Heavy metal concentrations were relatively low with the exception of some "hot spots" which occurred in the vicinity of industrial and port activities. Average copper levels along the coast of UAE were generally higher than those measured in <span class="hlt">sea</span> water from either Bahrain of Oman. Waters from the more populated and industrialised northwest coast of Oman were found to contain approximately 3 to 4-fold higher Cd and Zn (pH 4-4.5) concentrations than those from the southern coast, an undeveloped region adjacent to the more open waters of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Possible reasons for the observed regional variations in trace metal concentrations in Oman are discussed in terms of natural and anthropogenic input sources. Average concentrations in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (inside the Strait of Hormuz) were 510 ng 1 -1 (Cu), 340 ng 1 -1 (Zn), 20 ng 1 -1 (Cd), 16 ng 1 -1 (Hg) and 76 ng 1 -1 (Pb); in the western Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> along the coast of Oman concentrations averaged 290 ng 1 -1 (Cu), 180 ng 1 -1 (Zn), 37 ng 1 -1 (Cd), 11 ng 1 -1 (Hg) and 80 ng 1 -1 (Pb). Ranges of concentrations for these metals in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and western Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> waters approach those which have been reported for open surface waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans and the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> indicating that, in general, the coastal waters of this region are not impacted by metal pollution and that the existing natural levels can be used as a point of reference for future pollutant studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27395189','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27395189"><span>Podocotyle nimoyi n. sp. (Digenea: Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae) and a re-description of Podocotyle pearsei Manter, 1934 from five species of deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> macrourids from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blend, Charles K; Dronen, Norman O; Armstrong, Howard W</p> <p>2016-06-02</p> <p>Two rare species of Podocotyle Dujardin, 1845 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) parasitizing five macrourid species inhabiting the deep waters of the northeastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> off Panama are described. Podocotyle nimoyi n. sp. was found in the intestine of the pugnose grenadier, Sphagemacrurus grenadae (Parr), and the common Atlantic grenadier, Nezumia aequalis (Günther) (Gadiformes: Macrouridae), at depths of 534-995 m in the Northeast <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico off Florida and represents the fifth species of Podocotyle endemic to the deep <span class="hlt">sea</span>. Podocotyle pearsei Manter, 1934, was re-described from the intestine of the bullseye grenadier, Bathygadus macrops Goode & Bean, the doublethread grenadier, Gadomus arcuatus (Goode & Bean), and the western softhead grenadier, Malacocephalus occidentalis Goode & Bean (Gadiformes: Macrouridae), collected from 591-728 m depths in the Northeast <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico off Florida and the Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> off Panama. The following new host records are established: P. nimoyi n. sp. is the third parasite species known from S. grenadae and the first digenean species reported from this host; P. nimoyi n. sp. is the first reported species of Podocotyle parasitizing N. aequalis; and this is the first report of P. pearsei or any representative of the genus Podocotyle infecting B. macrops, G. arcuatus and M. occidentalis. A listing of all digenean parasites previously reported from the five macrourid species examined herein is given and some observations are made about Podocotyle in the deep <span class="hlt">sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036932','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036932"><span>Growth rate and age distribution of deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> black corals in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Prouty, N.G.; Roark, E.B.; Buster, N.A.; Ross, Steve W.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Black corals (order Antipatharia) are important long-lived, habitat-forming, sessile, benthic suspension feeders that are found in all oceans and are usually found in water depths greater than 30 m. Deep-water black corals are some of the slowest-growing, longest-lived deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> corals known. Previous age dating of a limited number of black coral samples in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico focused on extrapolated ages and growth rates based on skeletal 210Pb dating. Our results greatly expand the age and growth rate data of black corals from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Radiocarbon analysis of the oldest Leiopathes sp. specimen from the upper De Soto Slope at 300 m water depth indicates that these animals have been growing continuously for at least the last 2 millennia, with growth rates ranging from 8 to 22 µm yr–1. Visual growth ring counts based on scanning electron microscopy images were in good agreement with the 14C-derived ages, suggestive of annual ring formation. The presence of bomb-derived 14C in the outermost samples confirms sinking particulate organic matter as the dominant carbon source and suggests a link between the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> and surface ocean. There was a high degree of reproducibility found between multiple discs cut from the base of each specimen, as well as within duplicate subsamples. Robust 14C-derived chronologies and known surface ocean 14C reservoir age constraints in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico provided reliable calendar ages with future application to the development of proxy records.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMS....96..132K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMS....96..132K"><span>Interannual variability of the physical characteristics of North Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (NW Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krestenitis, Yannis N.; Kombiadou, Katerina D.; Androulidakis, Yannis S.</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is a marine ecosystem of major importance, not only environmental, but also due to the various socioeconomic activities associated with the area. The physical characteristics of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>'s waters were studied, analyzing in situ measurements of oceanographic parameters, collected during 5 oceanographic surveys from 1994 to 2007, on the same grid of 26 sampling stations. Aim of this paper is the detection and description of the main changes (seasonal and interannual) in the water masses' characteristics that are related to the seawater quality of the North Thermaikos. The connection between the main forcing factors and the major circulation patterns is also under investigation. The interannual analysis of the collected data revealed the existence of strong seasonal fluctuations that present significant deviations from a mean seasonal pattern in specific periods. A general decreasing trend of the salinities of the domain is observed during the study period. At the same time, a strong relation between open Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> waters and riverine freshwater fluxes is identified, factors that significantly influence stratification, circulation and renewal of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Based on the thermohaline properties, two dense water formation events (February 2000 and 2005), not previously reported, are detected and analyzed for the first time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033525','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033525"><span>Surface drift prediction in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> using hyper-ensemble statistics on atmospheric, ocean and wave models: Uncertainties and probability distribution areas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rixen, M.; Ferreira-Coelho, E.; Signell, R.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Despite numerous and regular improvements in underlying models, surface drift prediction in the ocean remains a challenging task because of our yet limited understanding of all processes involved. Hence, deterministic approaches to the problem are often limited by empirical assumptions on underlying physics. Multi-model hyper-ensemble forecasts, which exploit the power of an optimal local combination of available information including ocean, atmospheric and wave models, may show superior forecasting skills when compared to individual models because they allow for local correction and/or bias removal. In this work, we explore in greater detail the potential and limitations of the hyper-ensemble method in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, using a comprehensive surface drifter database. The performance of the hyper-ensembles and the individual models are discussed by analyzing associated uncertainties and probability distribution maps. Results suggest that the stochastic method may reduce position errors significantly for 12 to 72??h forecasts and hence compete with pure deterministic approaches. ?? 2007 NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS23B1400T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS23B1400T"><span>Variability of Relative <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise: Spatial and Temporal Correlations in Northwest <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tissot, P.; Reisinger, A. S.; Besonen, M. R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>While our understanding of global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and its budget has made great progress over the past decade, the spatial and temporal variability of relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise along the coasts still needs to be better understood and quantified. We developed a technique to reduce the confidence intervals associated with relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise (RSLR) estimates for 15 tide gauges located along the Texas coast for the period 1993-2016. Seasonally detrended monthly mean water levels are highly correlated after removal of station-specific RSLR trends, which allows for the quantification of a common, low frequency oceanic signal. RSLR confidence intervals are reduced from over 1.9 mm/yr, on average 2.3mm, to less than 1.1 mm/yr, on average 0.7 mm/yr after removing this common signal. The resulting RSLR rates range from 3.0 to 8.4 mm/yr. The range is wider than the longer-term rates of 5.3, 3.8 and 1.9 mm/yr measured from north to south by the three National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON) stations covering the study area (over different and longer time spans). The results emphasize the importance of the spatial variability of the vertical land motion component of RSLR. The temporal variability of the coherent oceanic signal is not significantly correlated to the ENSO signal for the study period and is only weakly correlated to the AMO and PDO climate indices. The coherence of the signal is further investigated by comparison with other locations along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and along the Northeast Atlantic coast. The results are discussed while considering strong local processes along the Northwest <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, such as wind forcing and intermittent eddies and the spatially broader influence of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream. The local significance of the RSLR spatial and temporal differences are discussed in terms of the differences in inundation frequency for nuisance type flooding including comparing the time span to reach a probability of at least one nuisance flood event per</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015BGD....12.9651S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015BGD....12.9651S"><span>Challenges in modelling spatiotemporally varying phytoplankton blooms in the Northwestern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sedigh Marvasti, S.; Gnanadesikan, A.; Bidokhti, A. A.; Dunne, J. P.; Ghader, S.</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>We examine interannual variability of phytoplankton blooms in northwestern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman. Satellite data (<span class="hlt">Sea</span>WIFS ocean color) shows two climatological blooms in this region, a wintertime bloom peaking in February and a summertime bloom peaking in September. A pronounced anti-correlation between the AVISO <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height anomaly (SSHA) and chlorophyll is found during the wintertime bloom. On a regional scale, interannual variability of the wintertime bloom is thus dominated by cyclonic eddies which vary in location from one year to another. These results were compared against the outputs from three different 3-D Earth System models. We show that two coarse (1°) models with the relatively complex biogeochemistry (TOPAZ) capture the annual cycle but neither eddies nor the interannual variability. An eddy-resolving model (GFDL CM2.6) with a simpler biogeochemistry (miniBLING) displays larger interannual variability, but overestimates the wintertime bloom and captures eddy-bloom coupling in the south but not in the north. The southern part of the domain is a region with a much sharper thermocline and nutricline relatively close to the surface, in which eddies modulate diffusive nutrient supply to the surface (a mechanism not previously emphasized in the literature). We suggest that for the model to simulate the observed wintertime blooms within cyclones, it will be necessary to represent this relatively unusual nutrient structure as well as the cyclonic eddies. This is a challenge in the Northern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> as it requires capturing the details of the outflow from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcDyn..61.1669S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcDyn..61.1669S"><span>Modelling environmentally friendly fairways using Lagrangian trajectories: a case study for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland, the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soomere, Tarmo; Berezovski, Mihhail; Quak, Ewald; Viikmäe, Bert</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>We address possibilities of minimising environmental risks using statistical features of current-driven propagation of adverse impacts to the coast. The recently introduced method for finding the optimum locations of potentially dangerous activities (Soomere et al. in Proc Estonian Acad Sci 59:156-165, 2010) is expanded towards accounting for the spatial distributions of probabilities and times for reaching the coast for passively advecting particles released in different <span class="hlt">sea</span> areas. These distributions are calculated using large sets of Lagrangian trajectories found from Eulerian velocity fields provided by the Rossby Centre Ocean Model with a horizontal resolution of 2 nautical miles for 1987-1991. The test area is the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland in the northeastern Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The potential gain using the optimum fairways from the Baltic Proper to the eastern part of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is an up to 44% decrease in the probability of coastal pollution and a similar increase in the average time for reaching the coast. The optimum fairways are mostly located to the north of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> axis (by 2-8 km on average) and meander substantially in some sections. The robustness of this approach is quantified as the typical root mean square deviation (6-16 km) between the optimum fairways specified from different criteria. Drastic variations in the width of the `corridors' for almost optimal fairways (2-30 km for the average width of 15 km) signifies that the sensitivity of the results with respect to small changes in the environmental criteria largely varies in different parts of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15005962','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15005962"><span>Concentration of selected trace elements and PCBs in sediments from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Fowler, S W; Hamilton, T F; Coquery, M</p> <p>2000-07-26</p> <p>A broad baseline study of the levels and distributions of trace metals and PCB compounds in sediments has been undertaken. PCB concentrations in surface sediments reflect the source of these contaminates in the region. The highest PCB concentrations as Aroclor 1260 (approximately 10 ng g{sup -1}) were found in sediments near the outflow of the Po river. The lowest concentrations (1.5 ng g{sup -1} dry) were associated with the sediments from the Jabuka Pit in the Middle <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. These values are quite similar to total PCBs (<1.0-17) measured in surface sediments sampled off the coast of Croatia in 1977-78. Thus,more » based on the limited amount of new data available, it appears that there has been little, if any, decrease in PCB loading in <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> sediments over the past 15 years. Downcore profiles of PCBs in sediment cores are also discussed from a pollution history standpoint. Likewise, total mercury in surface sediments was also highest at stations off the Po (403-499 ng g{sup -1} dry) and lowest (67-224 ng g{sup -1}) in the Jabuka Pit. In one core located just south of the Po outflow, total Hg concentrations at all depths were relatively high decreasing gradually from approximately 400 ng g{sup -1} in the top 4 cm to roughly 200 ng g{sup -1} at a depth of 32 cm. Using a {sup 210}Pb-derived sedimentation rate of 0.26 em Y{sup -1} for this station, it appears that anthropogenic inputs of mercury may have been responsible for the gradual increase in total mercury noted over the last 125 years.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Tecto..29.3011A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Tecto..29.3011A"><span>Geodetic constraints on present-day motion of the Arabian Plate: Implications for Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden rifting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arrajehi, Abdullah; McClusky, Simon; Reilinger, Robert; Daoud, Mohamed; Alchalbi, Abdulmutaleb; Ergintav, Semih; Gomez, Francisco; Sholan, Jamal; Bou-Rabee, Firyal; Ogubazghi, Ghebrebrhan; Haileab, Biniam; Fisseha, Shimelles; Asfaw, Laike; Mahmoud, Salah; Rayan, Ali; Bendik, Rebecca; Kogan, Lewis</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>Five years of continuously recording GPS observations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia together with new continuous and survey-mode GPS observations broadly distributed across the Arabian Peninsula provide the basis for substantially improved estimates of present-day motion and internal deformation of the Arabian plate. We derive the following relative, geodetic Euler vectors (latitude (°N), longitude (°E), rate (°/Myr, counterclockwise)) for Arabia-Nubia (31.7 ± 0.2, 24.6 ± 0.3, 0.37 ± 0.01), Arabia-Somalia (22.0 ± 0.5, 26.2 ± 0.5, 0.40 ± 0.01), Arabia-India (18.0 ± 3.8, 87.6 ± 3.3, 0.07 ± 0.01), Arabia-Sinai (35.7 ± 0.8, 17.1 ± 5.0, 0.15 ± 0.04), and Arabia-Eurasia (27.5 ± 0.1, 17.6 ± 0.3, 0.404 ± 0.004). We use these Euler vectors to estimate present-day stability of the Arabian plate, the rate and direction of extension across the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, and slip rates along the southern Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> fault south of the Lebanon restraining bend (4.5-4.7 ± 0.2 mm/yr, left lateral; 0.8-1.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr extension) and the Owens fracture zone (3.2-2.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr, right lateral, increasing from north to south; 1-2 mm/yr extension). On a broad scale, the Arabian plate has no resolvable internal deformation (weighted root mean square of residual motions for Arabia equals 0.6 mm/yr), although there is marginally significant evidence for N-S shortening in the Palmyride Mountains, Syria at ≤ 1.5 mm/yr. We show that present-day Arabia plate motion with respect to Eurasia is consistent within uncertainties (i.e., ±10%) with plate tectonic estimates since the early Miocene when Arabia separated from Nubia. We estimate the time of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden rifting from present-day Arabia motion, plate tectonic evidence for a 70% increase in Arabia-Nubia relative motion at 13 Ma, and the width of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden and find that rifting initiated roughly simultaneously (±2.2 Myr) along the strike of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez to the Afar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NHESS..12.2347T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NHESS..12.2347T"><span>Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change hazards at the regional scale: the case study of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Torresan, S.; Critto, A.; Rizzi, J.; Marcomini, A.</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rise, changes in storms and wave climate as a consequence of global climate change are expected to increase the size and magnitude of flooded and eroding coastal areas, thus having profound impacts on coastal communities and ecosystems. River deltas, beaches, estuaries and lagoons are considered particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, which should be studied at the regional/local scale. This paper presents a regional vulnerability assessment (RVA) methodology developed to analyse site-specific spatial information on coastal vulnerability to the envisaged effects of global climate change, and assist coastal communities in operational coastal management and conservation. The main aim of the RVA is to identify key vulnerable receptors (i.e. natural and human ecosystems) in the considered region and localize vulnerable hot spot areas, which could be considered as homogeneous geographic sites for the definition of adaptation strategies. The application of the RVA methodology is based on a heterogeneous subset of bio-geophysical and socio-economic vulnerability indicators (e.g. coastal topography, geomorphology, presence and distribution of vegetation cover, location of artificial protection), which are a measure of the potential harm from a range of climate-related impacts (e.g. <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise inundation, storm surge flooding, coastal erosion). Based on a system of numerical weights and scores, the RVA provides relative vulnerability maps that allow to prioritize more vulnerable areas and targets of different climate-related impacts in the examined region and to support the identification of suitable areas for human settlements, infrastructures and economic activities, providing a basis for coastal zoning and land use planning. The implementation, performance and results of the methodology for the coastal area of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Italy) are fully described in the paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726274','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726274"><span>Survey of total mercury and methylmercury levels in edible fish from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Storelli, M M; Giacominelli-Stuffler, R; Storelli, A; D'Addabbo, R; Palermo, C; Marcotrigiano, G O</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were measured in the muscle tissue of different fish species from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> to ascertain whether the concentrations exceeded the maximum level fixed by the European Commission. Large species-dependent variability was observed. The highest total mercury mean concentrations were in benthic (0.20-0.76 microg g(-1) wet wt) and demersal fish (0.22-0.73 microg g(-1) wet wt), while pelagic species showed the lowest levels (0.09-0.23 microg g(-1) wet wt). In 15% of frost fish, in 42% of skate and in 30% of angler fish samples total mercury concentrations exceeded the maximum level fixed by the European Commission (Hg = 1 microg g(-1) wet wt); for the species for which the maximum level was set to 0.5 microg g(-1) wet wt, concentrations exceeding the prescribed legal limit were observed in 6.4% of bokkem, in 6.6% of pandora, in 20% of megrin, in 12.5% of four-spotted megrim, in 16% of striped mullet, in 5.0% of forkbeard and in 5.3% of picarel samples. In all the different species, mercury was present almost completely in the methylated form, with mean percentages between 70 and 100%. Weekly intake was estimated and compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake recommended by the FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. A high exposure was associated with the consumption of only skates, frost fish and angler fish, thought the consumption of the other species, such as, megrim, four spotted megrim, red fish striped mullet and forkbeard, resulted in a weekly intake slightly below the established provisional tolerable weekly intake.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ECSS...49...87S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ECSS...49...87S"><span>Demersal Fisheries of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman and the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Siddeek, M. S. M.; Fouda, M. M.; Hermosa, G. V.</p> <p>1999-08-01</p> <p>The demersal fisheries of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman and the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> are reviewed. The region comprises eight countries: Oman, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq and Iran. Over 350 commercial fish species, eight shrimp species, two spiny lobster species, one shovel nose lobster species, one cuttlefish species, one crab species, and one abalone species support the demersal fisheries in the continental shelves of the three regions. Artisanal and industrial vessels with over 120 000 fishermen were involved in demersal fisheries. Fishing boats include fish and shrimp trawlers (wooden and steel hulled), large wooden boats (dhow) with inboard engines, small dhows with outboard engines, and fibreglass boats. Fishing gear consists of trawls, bottom gill nets, traps (wire mesh and plastic types), barrier traps, hand lines, and bare hands and knives (to dislodge abalone). Demersal fish (primarily Lethrinidae, Sparidae, Serranidae, Siganidae, Sciaenidae, Stromateidae, Lutjanidae, Trichiuridae, and Nemipteridae) and shrimp (primarily Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, Parapenaeopsis stylifera, and Penaeus merguiensis) were the two commercial demersal resources. Approximately 198 000-214 000 tonnes (t) of demersals were landed annually during 1988-1993, accounting for nearly 40% of the total marine landings (475 000-552 000 t). This percentage, however varied among countries: 25% in Oman, 32% in U.A.E., 71% in Qatar, 52% in Saudi Arabia, 56% in Bahrain, 55% in Kuwait, close to 100% in Iraq, and 41% in Iran. Fishing effort on certain stocks may have been below the optimum level (e.g. certain Omani demersal fish), near the optimum level (e.g. Omani shrimp), or above the optimum level (e.g. Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> shrimp and demersal fish). Overexploitation led to restriction of fishing effort by limiting fishing licences, regulating fishing gear (mesh size) and capture size, closing fishing areas, restricting fishing season, and</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988JGR....93.4993B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988JGR....93.4993B"><span>Thermohaline circulation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bray, N. A.</p> <p>1988-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, a narrow, semienclosed <span class="hlt">sea</span>, is the only evaporative basin of the Pacific Ocean. As a result of evaporative forcing, salinities in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> are 1 to 2 ‰ higher than in the adjacent Pacific at the same latitude. This paper examines the thermohaline structure of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> and the means by which thermohaline exchange between the Pacific and the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> occurs, over time scales of months to years. In addition to evaporative forcing, air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> heat fluxes and momentum fluxes are important to thermohaline circulation in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. From observations presented here, it appears that the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> gains heat from the atmosphere on an annual average, unlike the Mediterranean and Red <span class="hlt">seas</span>, which have comparable evaporative forcing. As a result, outflow from the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> tends to be less dense than inflow from the Pacific. Winds over the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> change direction with season, blowing northward in summer and southward in winter. This same seasonal pattern appears in near-surface transports averaged across the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. The thermohaline circulation, then, consists of outflow mostly between about 50 m and 250 m, inflow mostly between 250 m and 500 m, and a surface layer in which the direction of transport changes with seasonal changes in the large-scale winds. Using hydrographic observations from a section across the central <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, total transport in or out of the northern <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is estimated to be 0.9 Sv, heat gain from the atmosphere is estimated to be 20 to 50 W m-2, and evaporation is estimated to be 0.95 m yr-1. These estimates are annual averages, based on cruises from several years. Seasonal variations in thermohaline structure in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> are also examined and found to dominate the variance in temperature and density in the top 500 m of the water column. Salinity has little seasonal variability but does exhibit more horizontal variablility than temperature or density. Major year-to-year variations in thermohaline structure may be attributable to El Niño-Southern Oscillation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1613836R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1613836R"><span>Lipid biomarkers in surface sediments from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Genoa (Ligurian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) and their potential for palaeo-environmental reconstructions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ruggieri, Nicoletta; Kaiser, Jérôme; Arz, Helge W.; Hefter, Jens; Siegel, Herbert; Mollenhauer, Gesine; Lamy, Frank</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>A series of molecular organic markers were determined in surface sediments from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Genoa (Ligurian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) in order to evaluate their potential for palaeo-environmental reconstructions. The interest for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Genoa lies in its contrasting coastal and central areas in terms of terrestrial input, oligotrophy, primary production and surface temperature gradient. Moreover, the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Genoa contains a large potential for climate reconstruction as it is one of the four major Mediterranean centres for cyclogenesis and the ultra high sedimentation rates on the shelf make this area suitable for high resolution environmental reconstruction. Initial results from sediment cores in the coastal area indeed reveal the potential for Holocene environmental reconstruction on up to decadal timescales (see Poster "Reconstruction of late Holocene flooding events in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Genoa, Ligurian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>" by Lamy et al.). During R/V Poseidon cruise P413 (May 2011), ca. 60 sediment cores were taken along the Ligurian shelf, continental slope, and in the basin between off Livorno and the French border. Results based on surface sediments suggest that some biomarker-based proxies are well-suited to reconstruct <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature (SST), the input of terrestrial organic material (TOM), and marine primary productivity (PP). The estimated UK'37 SST reflects very closely the autumnal mean satellite-based SST distribution, while TEXH86 SSTs correspond to summer SST at offshore sites and to winter SST for the nearshore sites. Using both SST proxies together may thus allow reconstructing past seasonality changes. Proxies for TOM input (terrestrial n-alkane and n-alkanol concentrations, BIT index) have higher values close to the major river mouths and decrease offshore suggesting that these may be used as proxy for the variability in TOM input by runoff. Interestingly, high n-alkane average chain length in the most offshore sites may result from aeolian input from northern Africa. Finally</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571006','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571006"><span>Non-metric multidimensional scaling and human risks of heavy metal concentrations in wild marine organisms from the Maowei <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gu, Yang-Guang; Huang, Hong-Hui; Liu, Yong; Gong, Xiu-Yu; Liao, Xiu-Li</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We investigated heavy metal concentrations in wild marine organisms from Maowei <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, a significant <span class="hlt">gulf</span> of low-latitude developing regions of the Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Twenty species, comprising fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans were collected and analyzed for heavy metals. Heavy metal levels (mg/kg, wet weight) in the aquatic organism samples were: 0.003-1.800 for Cd, 0.02-0.14 for Pb, 0.10-0.63 for Cr, 0.20-77.50 for Cu, 9.50-64.60 for Zn, 0.006-0.066 for Hg, and 0.10-1.50 for As. Non-metric multidimensional scaling coupled with cluster analysis revealed two groupings that mainly resulted from different species of the metals in marine organisms. The highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, and As were found in species of cephalopods. Health risk assessment based on the target hazard quotients (THQ) and total THQ indicated no significant adverse health effects from consumption of marine organisms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013OcMod..70..152B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013OcMod..70..152B"><span>Wave-current interaction: Effect on the wave field in a semi-enclosed basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Benetazzo, A.; Carniel, S.; Sclavo, M.; Bergamasco, A.</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>The effect on waves of the Wave-Current Interaction (WCI) process in the semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Venice (northern region of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) was investigated using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system. COAWST relies on the ocean model ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System), the wave model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore), and the CSTMS (Community Sediment Transport Modeling System) routines. The two-way data transfer between circulation and wave models was synchronous via MCT (Model Coupling Toolkit), with ROMS providing: current field, free surface elevation, and bathymetry to SWAN. For coupling, the 3-D current profiles were averaged using a formulation which integrated the near-surface velocity over a depth controlled by the spectral mean wavenumber. COAWST system was implemented on a parent grid (with horizontal resolution of 2.0 km) covering the whole <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> with one-way nesting to a child grid resolving the northern area (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Venice) at a resolution of 0.5 km. The meteorological forcings provided by the operational meteorological model COSMO-I7 (a mesoscale model developed in the framework of the COSMO Consortium) were used to drive the modeling system in the period bracketing September 2010-August 2011. The adopted winds and the simulated waves were compared with observations at the CNR-ISMAR Acqua Alta oceanographic tower, located off the Venice littoral. Wave heights and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface winds were also compared with satellite-derived data. The analysis of WCI was performed on the child grid over the winter season (January-March 2011) with particular focus on the waves generated by prevailing and dominant winds blowing on the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: Bora and Sirocco. Due to the variable wind direction with respect to the ocean current direction different effects on WCI were depicted, showing that within the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> the ocean-wave interactions are strongly dependent on the wind forcing direction. Further</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/909338','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/909338"><span>Support of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Hydrate Research Consortium: Activities to Support Establishment of a <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Floor Monitoring Station Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>J. Robert Woolsey; Thomas M. McGee; Carol Blanton Lutken</p> <p>2007-03-31</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium (GOM-HRC) was established in 1999 to assemble leaders in gas hydrates research. The Consortium is administered by the Center for Marine Resources and Environmental Technology, CMRET, at the University of Mississippi. The primary objective of the group is to design and emplace a remote monitoring station or <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor observatory (MS/SFO) on the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico by the year 2007, in an area where gas hydrates are known to be present at, or just below, the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor. This mission, although unavoidably delayed by hurricanes and other disturbances,more » necessitates assembling a station that will monitor physical and chemical parameters of the marine environment, including <span class="hlt">sea</span> water and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor sediments, on a more-or-less continuous basis over an extended period of time. In 2005, biological monitoring, as a means of assessing environmental health, was added to the mission of the MS/SFO. Establishment of the Consortium has succeeded in fulfilling the critical need to coordinate activities, avoid redundancies and communicate effectively among researchers in the arena of gas hydrates research. Complementary expertise, both scientific and technical, has been assembled to promote innovative research methods and construct necessary instrumentation. The observatory has now achieved a microbial dimension in addition to the geophysical, geological, and geochemical components it had already included. Initial components of the observatory, a probe that collects pore-fluid samples and another that records <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor temperatures, were deployed in Mississippi Canyon 118 (MC118) in May of 2005. Follow-up deployments, planned for fall 2005, had to be postponed due to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina (and later, Rita) on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast. Station/observatory completion, anticipated for 2007, will likely be delayed by at least one year. These delays caused scheduling and deployments difficulties but</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.456..124S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.456..124S"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> surface temperature variability in the North Western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lion) during the Common Era</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine; Jalali, Bassem; Martrat, Belen; Schmidt, Sabine; Bassetti, Maria-Angela; Kallel, Nejib</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>This study investigates the multidecadal-scale variability of <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperatures (SSTs) in the convection region of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lion (NW Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) over the full past 2000 yr (Common Era) using alkenone biomarkers. Our data show colder SSTs by 1.7 °C over most of the first millennium (200-800 AD) and by 1.3 °C during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1400-1850 AD) than the 20th century mean (17.9 °C). Although on average warmer, those of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) (1000-1200 AD) were lower by 1 °C. We found a mean SST warming of 2 °C/100 yr over the last century in close agreement with the 0.22 and 0.26 °C/decade values calculated for the western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> from in situ and satellite data, respectively. Our results also reveal strongly fluctuating SSTs characterized by cold extremes followed by abrupt warming during the LIA. We suggest that the coldest decades of the LIA were likely caused by prevailing negative EA states and associated anticyclone blocking over the North Atlantic resulting in cold continental northeasterly winds to blow over Western Europe and the Mediterranean region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002HMR....55..252K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002HMR....55..252K"><span>Community structure and biogeography of shore fishes in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khalaf, Maroof A.; Kochzius, Marc</p> <p>2002-02-01</p> <p>Shore fish community structure off the Jordanian Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> coast was determined on fringing coral reefs and in a seagrass-dominated bay at 6 m and 12 m depths. A total of 198 fish species belonging to 121 genera and 43 families was recorded. Labridae and Pomacentridae dominated the ichthyofauna in terms of species richness and Pomacentridae were most abundant. Neither diversity nor species richness was correlated to depth. The abundance of fishes was higher at the deep reef slope, due to schooling planktivorous fishes. At 12 m depth abundance of fishes at the seagrass-dominated site was higher than on the coral reefs. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong influence on the fish assemblages by depth and benthic habitat. Fish species richness was positively correlated with hard substrate cover and habitat diversity. Abundance of corallivores was positively linked with live hard coral cover. The assemblages of fishes were different on the shallow reef slope, deep reef slope and seagrass meadows. An analysis of the fish fauna showed that the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba harbours a higher species richness than previously reported. The comparison with fish communities on other reefs around the Arabian Peninsula and Indian Ocean supported the recognition of an Arabian subprovince within the Indian Ocean. The affinity of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> ichthyofauna to the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is not clear.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PrOce..96...14B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PrOce..96...14B"><span>Mesoscale eddies in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden and their impact on the spreading of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Outflow Water</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bower, Amy S.; Furey, Heather H.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden (GOA) in the northwestern Indian Ocean is the receiving basin for Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Outflow Water (RSOW), one of the World’s few high-salinity dense overflows, but relatively little is known about spreading pathways and transformation of RSOW through the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Here we combine historical data, satellite altimetry, new synoptic hydrographic surveys and the first in situ direct observations of subsurface currents in the GOA to identify the most important processes in the spreading of RSOW. The new in situ data sets were collected in 2001-2003 as part of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Outflow Experiment (REDSOX) and consist of two CTD/LADCP Surveys and 49 one-year trajectories from acoustically tracked floats released at the depth of RSOW. The results indicate that the prominent positive and negative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level anomalies frequently observed in the GOA with satellite altimetry are associated with anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies that often reach to at least 1000 m depth, i.e., through the depth range of equilibrated RSOW. The eddies dominate RSOW spreading pathways and help to rapidly mix the outflow water with the background. Eddies in the central and eastern <span class="hlt">gulf</span> are basin-scale (∼250-km diameter) and have maximum azimuthal speeds of about 30 cm/s at the RSOW level. In the western <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, smaller eddies not detectable with satellite altimetry appear to form as the larger westward-propagating eddies impale themselves on the high ridges flanking the Tadjura Rift. Both the hydrographic and Lagrangian observations show that eddies originating outside the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> often transport a core of much cooler, fresher water from the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> all the way to the western end of the GOA, where the highest-salinity outflow water is found. This generates large vertical and horizontal gradients of temperature and salinity, setting up favorable conditions for salt fingering and diffusive convection. Both of these mixing processes were observed to be active in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Two new annually appearing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAfES.129..224O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAfES.129..224O"><span>High-resolution numerical modelling of the barotropic tides in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabes, eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Tunisia)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Othmani, Achref; Béjaoui, Béchir; Chevalier, Cristèle; Elhmaidi, Dalila; Devenon, Jean-Luc; Aleya, Lotfi</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>A high-resolution 2D barotropic tidal model was developed for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabes and used to characterise hydrodynamic processes and tidal dynamics. The model is based on the Regional Ocean Modelling System. It is forced at the open boundaries by the semidiurnal M2 and S2 astronomical components while meteorological forcing has been neglected. The model results show good agreement with observations confirming that it reproduces the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>'s main tidal characteristics reasonably well. In fact, the simulated semidiurnal tidal components M2 and S2 generate important <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variations and coastal currents. Tidal propagation is directed to the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>'s western sector while tidal resonance occurs in its inner sector where the M2 and S2 amplitudes are about 50 and 36 cm, respectively. Phase maxima (170°-185°) are located inside Boughrara Lagoon for both the simulated M2 and S2 tides. The strongest currents are found in shallow coastal regions and at the lagoon's western inlet. During spring tides, currents are around 10-20 cm s-1 in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> center and up to 50 cm s-1 inside the lagoon.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.3987B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.3987B"><span>Satellite retrievals of dust aerosol over the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (2005-2015)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Banks, Jamie R.; Brindley, Helen E.; Stenchikov, Georgiy; Schepanski, Kerstin</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The inter-annual variability of the dust aerosol presence over the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is analysed over the period 2005-2015. Particular attention is paid to the variation in loading across the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, which has previously been shown to have a strong, seasonally dependent latitudinal gradient. Over the 11 years considered, the July mean 630 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) varies between 0.48 and 1.45 in the southern half of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. In the north, the equivalent variation is between 0.22 and 0.66. The temporal and spatial pattern of variability captured by SEVIRI is also seen in AOD retrievals from the MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), but there is a systematic offset between the two records. Comparisons of both sets of retrievals with ship- and land-based AERONET measurements show a high degree of correlation with biases of < 0.08. However, these comparisons typically only sample relatively low aerosol loadings. When both records are stratified by AOD retrievals from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), opposing behaviour is revealed at high MISR AODs ( > 1), with offsets of +0.19 for MODIS and -0.06 for SEVIRI. Similar behaviour is also seen over the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Analysis of the scattering angles at which retrievals from the SEVIRI and MODIS measurements are typically performed in these regions suggests that assumptions concerning particle sphericity may be responsible for the differences seen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997GeCoA..61.2511M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997GeCoA..61.2511M"><span>Volcanic and nonvolcanic rifted margins of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden: Crustal cooling and margin evolution in Yemen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Menzies, Martin; Gallagher, Kerry; Yelland, Andrew; Hurford, Anthony J.</p> <p>1997-06-01</p> <p>New apatite fission track (AFT) data from the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> volcanic and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden nonvolcanic margins provide important constraints on the timing of crustal cooling relative to periods of volcanism and lithosphere extension. The AFT data define several regions of extension immediately adjacent to the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> margin with AFT ages < 25 Ma and track-length distributions consistent with rapid cooling. Elevated Precambrian basement highs on the rift shoulder have AFT ages ≫ 100 Ma and track-length distributions indicative of a complex pre-rift history. An intervening area along the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden margins, and inland along the Balhaf graben (Jurassic rift), has AFT ages of 25-100 Ma. and track-length distributions indicative of rapid cooling. Elevated Precambrian basement highs are juxtaposed against topographically lower extended coastal terranes with sharp contrasts in AFT ages and track-length distributions, pointing to possible reactivation in the Tertiary of lineaments of Precambrian and Jurassic age. Integration of field observations with AFT data and 40Ar/ 39Ar data indicates that, on the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> volcanic margin, surface uplift was initiated immediately prior to volcanism and that cooling was synchronous with widespread extension and an apparent hiatus in voluminous volcanic activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458229','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458229"><span>[Taxonomic composition and zoogeographical aspects of deep <span class="hlt">sea</span> fishes (90-540m) from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, Mexico].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>López-Martínez, Juana; Acevedo-Cervantes, Alejandro; Herrera-Valdivia, Eloisa; Rodríguez-Romero, Jesús; Palacios-Salgado, Deivis S</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California has a high variety of ecosystems that allow different services and the fishery resources play a prominent role in its ecology, evolution and economics. Fish coastal species have been previously reported for most coastal areas, especially those species that are subject to fishing, however, little is known on the species from deep <span class="hlt">sea</span> zones, due to sampling difficulties. We studied the deep <span class="hlt">sea</span> fishes collected with trawl nets during three research surveys in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, Mexico in 2004-2005. We provide a systematic checklist and some notes on biogeographical aspects. For this, 74 fishing hauls were done, and a total of 9 898 fishes were captured, belonging to two classes, 15 orders, 35 families, 53 genera and 70 species. The best represented families in number of species were: Paralichthyidae (eight), Serranidae (six), and Scorpaenidae and Triglidae with five species each one. The typical families from deep waters were: Ophidiidae, Moridae, Lophiidae, Scorpaenidae, Triglidae, Paralichthydae, Pleuronectidae and Cynoglossidae. Size range varied from 13cm for the Splinose searobin (Bellator xenisma) to 234cm in the Pacific Cutlassfish (Trichiurus nitens). The biogeographical affinity showed that species with affinity to the East Tropical Pacific (ETP) dominated, followed by species from San Diego-Panamic, San Diego-Panamic-Peruvian-Chilean and Oregonian-Cortes provinces, respectively. A biogeographic overlap was found in the fauna, which reflects the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California's geographical position, with distribution limits of species from temperate, tropical and warm-temperature transition affinities, divisions that characterize the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California. Taxonomic status of fish with a focus on composition, location, characterization and zoogeography are fundamental to any subject of biodiversity and fisheries management actions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29615699','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29615699"><span>Using bivalve chronologies for quantifying environmental drivers in a semi-enclosed temperate <span class="hlt">sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peharda, M; Vilibić, I; Black, B A; Markulin, K; Dunić, N; Džoić, T; Mihanović, H; Gačić, M; Puljas, S; Waldman, R</p> <p>2018-04-03</p> <p>Annual growth increments formed in bivalve shells are increasingly used as proxies of environmental variability and change in marine ecosystems, especially at higher latitudes. Here, we document that well-replicated and exactly dated chronologies can also be developed to capture oceanographic processes in temperate and semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">seas</span>, such as the Mediterranean. A chronology is constructed for Glycymeris pilosa from a shallow embayment of the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and extends from 1979 to 2016. The chronology significantly (p < 0.05) and positively correlates to winter <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperatures, but negatively correlates to summer temperatures, which suggests that extreme winter lows and extreme summer highs may be limiting to growth. However, the strongest and most consistent relationships are negative correlations with an index of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) for which positive values indicate the inflow of the ultraoligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean waters to the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. In contrast, the substantial freshwater flows that discharge into the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> do not correlate to the bivalve chronology, emphasizing the importance of remote oceanographic processes to growth at this highly coastal site. Overall, this study underscores the potential of bivalve chronologies to capture biologically relevant, local- to regional-scale patterns of ocean circulation in mid-latitude, temperate systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/883711','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/883711"><span>SUPPORT OF <span class="hlt">GULF</span> OF MEXICO HYDRATE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM: ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT ESTABLISHMENT OF A <span class="hlt">SEA</span> FLOOR MONITORING STATION PROJECT</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Paul Higley; J. Robert Woolsey; Ralph Goodman</p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium (GOM-HRC) was established in 1999 to assemble leaders in gas hydrates research. The primary objective of the group has been to design and emplace a remote monitoring station or <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor observatory (MS/SFO) on the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico by the year 2005, in an area where gas hydrates are known to be present at, or just below, the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor. This mission, although unavoidably delayed by hurricanes and other disturbances, necessitates assembling a station that will monitor physical and chemical parameters of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> water and <span class="hlt">sea</span> floormore » sediments on a more-or-less continuous basis over an extended period of time. Development of the station has always included the possibility of expanding its capabilities to include biological monitoring, as a means of assessing environmental health. This possibility has recently achieved reality via the National Institute for Undersea Science and Technology's (NIUST) solicitation for proposals for research to be conducted at the MS/SFO. Establishment of the Consortium has succeeded in fulfilling the critical need to coordinate activities, avoid redundancies and communicate effectively among researchers in the arena of gas hydrates research. Complementary expertise, both scientific and technical, has been assembled to promote innovative research methods and construct necessary instrumentation. The observatory has achieved a microbial dimension in addition to the geophysical and geochemical components it had already included. Initial components of the observatory, a probe that collects pore-fluid samples and another that records <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor temperatures, were deployed in Mississippi Canyon 118 in May of 2005. Follow-up deployments, planned for fall 2005, have had to be postponed and the use of the vessel M/V Ocean Quest and its two manned submersibles sacrificed due to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina (and later, Rita) on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast. Every effort</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24736045','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24736045"><span>Diversity of rare and abundant bacteria in surface waters of the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Quero, Grazia Marina; Luna, Gian Marco</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Bacteria are fundamental players in the functioning of the ocean, yet relatively little is known about the diversity of bacterioplankton assemblages and the factors shaping their spatial distribution. We investigated the diversity and community composition of bacterioplankton in surface waters of the Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> sub-basin (SAd) in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, across an environmental gradient from coastal to offshore stations. Bacterioplankton diversity was investigated using a whole-assemblage genetic fingerprinting technique (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis, ARISA) coupled with 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing. The main physico-chemical variables showed clear differences between coastal and offshore stations, with the latter displaying generally higher temperature, salinity and oxygen content. Bacterioplankton richness was higher in coastal than offshore waters. Bacterial community composition (BCC) differed significantly between coastal and offshore waters, and appeared to be influenced by temperature (explaining up to 30% of variance) and by the trophic state. Pyrosequencing evidenced dominance of Alphaproteobacteria (SAR11 cluster), uncultured Gammaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae) and Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus). Members of the Bacteroidetes phylum were also abundant, and accounted for 25% in the station characterized by the higher organic carbon availability. Bacterioplankton assemblages included a few dominant taxa and a very large proportion (85%) of rare (<0.1%) bacteria, the vast majority of which was unique to each sampling station. The first detailed census of bacterioplankton taxa in the SAd sub-basin, performed using next generation sequencing, indicates that assemblages are highly heterogeneous, spatially structured according to the environmental conditions, and comprise a large number of rare taxa. The high turnover diversity, particularly evident at the level of the rare taxa, suggests to direct future investigations toward larger</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514180','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514180"><span>Molecular Typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Isolated from Mollusks in the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rahman, Mohammad Shamsur; Carraro, Roberta; Cardazzo, Barbara; Carraro, Lisa; Meneguolo, Davide Boscolo; Martino, Maria Elena; Andreani, Nadia Andrea; Bordin, Paola; Mioni, Renzo; Barco, Lisa; Novelli, Enrico; Balzan, Stefania; Fasolato, Luca</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an emerging foodborne pathogen in the Mediterranean, usually associated with shellfish consumption. The increase in the number of outbreaks in Europe is primarily associated with the global warming of the ocean that has a great impact on the spread and genetic selection of waterborne pathogens. The primary role of Italy in Europe's mollusk production, together with the fact that cases of infections with V. parahaemolyticus are not always notified to the European community, highlighted the necessity of acquiring new information about the epidemiological involvement of shellfish products. The aim of the study was to provide useful insights into the first steps of the Risk Assessment associated with V. parahaemolyticus through the molecular characterization of isolates from commercialized mollusks. A total of 102 strains identified as V. parahaemolyticus were investigated as part of a larger sampling (1-year survey) from several shellfish species collected from the Venice lagoon and the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span>. All strains were characterized by multilocus sequence typing and tested for the presence of virulence genes (trh and tdh). The study of sampling/environmental factors and epidemiological analyses was performed to describe the behaviors of the different genetic populations. The population structure analysis highlighted three genetic clusters that could be subject to temperature selection during cold (≤15°C) and warm (>16°C) seasons. Moreover, other factors, such as molluscan species (clams/mussels), probably played a role in the distribution of genetic clusters. Although few strains carried the virulence factors (n = 6 trh + ), epidemiological links with clinical isolates and a local dissemination of some sequence types were underlined. This work provides a useful background on the genotype spread as a first step in the Hazard Identification in light of future climate changes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20560334','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20560334"><span>[Feeding habits of Trichiurus lepturus in Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yan, Yun-Rong; Chen, Jun-Lan; Hou, Gang; Lu, Huo-Sheng; Jin, Xian-Shi</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>From August 2008 to September 2009, the feeding habits of Trichurus lepturus L. in Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> were studied by monthly sampling and stomach content analysis. In study area, T. lepturus was euryphagous, which fed on fish, cephalopoda, benthic crustacean, and zooplankton, etc., among which, Bregmaceros rarisquamosu, Decapterus maruadsi, and Acetes chinensis were the main prey components, accounting for 37.99%, 16.42%, and 10.03%, respectively. D. maruadsi and Anchoviella heteroloba appeared throughout the Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> all year round, and could be served as the index species for the migration and fishing ground distribution of T. lepturus. The indices feeding intensity and stomach fullness differed significantly among seasons (P < 0.001); while the index prey diversity had no significant seasonal difference (P > 0.05), which peaked in autumn and had an annual average value of 1.97. Cluster analysis revealed that when the preanal length of T. lepturus was 190 mm, i. e., at 50% of maturity length, a clear diet shift happened, from small zooplankton, pelagic fishes, and crustacean for the juveniles to predominantly larger fish and cephalopoda for the adults.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035184','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035184"><span>Relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise as indicated by gage data along the Mississippi and Alabama <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coasts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Van Wilson, K.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Global warming, or the increasing of earth's temperatures, leads to rising <span class="hlt">sea</span> level as polar ice caps and mountain glaciers melt and ocean water undergoes thermal expansion. Tidal records collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Mobile District, at Gulfport, Biloxi, and Pascagoula, Mississippi, and at Mobile, Alabama, indicate trends of water-surface elevations increasing with time (relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise). The trends indicated by the COE data were compared to relative <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level trends indicated by the National Ocean Survey gages in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The average global rate of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise has been suggested to approach about 2 mm/yr (0.007 ft/yr). Some leading scientists have suggested rates of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise that are greater than 2 mm/yr, when accounting for effects of greenhouse gas emissions. As the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rises and inundates the coastal plain, structures along the existing coast and structures located in the back bays of estuaries will be even more adversely affected by future flooding. Also, if the land surface adjacent to the water also sinks due to soil compaction and other geologic processes (collectively call subsidence), additional land will be inundated. Copyright ASCE 2004.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CorRe..36..625D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CorRe..36..625D"><span>Comparative phylogeography of reef fishes from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden to the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> reveals two cryptic lineages</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>DiBattista, Joseph D.; Gaither, Michelle R.; Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.; Saenz-Agudelo, Pablo; Piatek, Marek J.; Bowen, Brian W.; Rocha, Luiz A.; Howard Choat, J.; McIlwain, Jennifer H.; Priest, Mark A.; Sinclair-Taylor, Tane H.; Berumen, Michael L.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a heterogeneous region with high coral cover and warm stable conditions at the western end (Djibouti), in contrast to sparse coral cover, cooler temperatures, and upwelling at the eastern end (southern Oman). We tested for barriers to dispersal across this region (including the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman), using mitochondrial DNA surveys of 11 reef fishes. Study species included seven taxa from six families with broad distributions across the Indo-Pacific and four species restricted to the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (and adjacent areas). Nine species showed no significant genetic partitions, indicating connectivity among contrasting environments spread across 2000 km. One butterflyfish ( Chaetodon melannotus) and a snapper ( Lutjanus kasmira) showed phylogenetic divergences of d = 0.008 and 0.048, respectively, possibly indicating cryptic species within these broadly distributed taxa. These genetic partitions at the western periphery of the Indo-Pacific reflect similar partitions recently discovered at the eastern periphery of the Indo-Pacific (the Hawaiian and the Marquesan Archipelagos), indicating that these disjunctive habitats at the ends of the range may serve as evolutionary incubators for coral reef organisms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031218','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031218"><span>Measurements of storm and nonstorm circulation in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>: October 2002 Through April 2003</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Book, J.W.; Signell, R.P.; Perkins, H.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Fifteen bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers were deployed from October 2002 through April 2003 in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Average transport from the portion of the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Current (WAC) along the Italian slope was 0.1470 ?? 0.0043 Sv, punctuated by bursts of more than twice that amount during storm events. Monthly means were calculated with times of strong wind-driven circulation excluded. These suggest a 2002/2003 seasonal separation consisting of October, December through February, and March through April. An extreme Po River flood influenced November conditions making seasonal categorization difficult. October generally had more kinetic energy and more vertical structure than other months, and near-inertial waves were more frequent in April and October. The Eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Current (EAC)/WAC (i.e. inflow/outflow) system was clearly present in the means for all months. The cyclonic gyre north of the Po River was present October through February. Generally, in the WAC, over 50% of kinetic energy came from vertically uniform monthly mean flows. Elsewhere, eddy kinetic energy was stronger than mean kinetic energy with 10-40% contributions for vertically uniform monthly mean flows, 40-60% for vertically uniform monthly varying flows, and 10-30% for vertically varying monthly varying flows. Mean currents for bora storms indicate enhancement of the EAC/WAC and the cyclonic northern gyre, a shift toward Kvarner Bay in EAC direction, a circulation null point south of the Po, and double-gyre bifurcation of flow at Istria. Strengthening of both the EAC and WAC also occurs during sirocco storms. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.7026R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.7026R"><span>Regional Risk Assessment for the analysis of the risks related to storm surge extreme events in the coastal area of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rizzi, Jonathan; Torresan, Silvia; Gallina, Valentina; Critto, Andrea; Marcomini, Antonio</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Europe's coast faces a variety of climate change threats from extreme high tides, storm surges and rising <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels. In particular, it is very likely that mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise will contribute to upward trends in extreme coastal high water levels, thus posing higher risks to coastal locations currently experiencing coastal erosion and inundation processes. In 2007 the European Commission approved the Flood Directive (2007/60/EC), which has the main purpose to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks for inland and coastal areas, thus reducing the adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activities. Improvements in scientific understanding are thus needed to inform decision-making about the best strategies for mitigating and managing storm surge risks in coastal areas. The CLIMDAT project is aimed at improving the understanding of the risks related to extreme storm surge events in the coastal area of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Italy), considering potential climate change scenarios. The project implements a Regional Risk Assessment (RRA) methodology developed in the FP7 KULTURisk project for the assessment of physical/environmental impacts posed by flood hazards and employs the DEcision support SYstem for Coastal climate change impact assessment (DESYCO) for the application of the methodology to the case study area. The proposed RRA methodology is aimed at the identification and prioritization of targets and areas at risk from water-related natural hazards in the considered region at the meso-scale. To this aim, it integrates information about extreme storm surges with bio-geophysical and socio-economic information (e.g. vegetation cover, slope, soil type, population density) of the analyzed receptors (i.e. people, economic activities, cultural heritages, natural and semi-natural systems). Extreme storm surge hazard scenarios are defined using tide gauge time series coming from 28 tide gauge</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004QJRMS.130.2571G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004QJRMS.130.2571G"><span>Bora-driven potential vorticity banners over the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grubii, Vanda</p> <p>2004-10-01</p> <p>A case study is presented of the secondary potential vorticity (PV) banners over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> that occurred in an early stage of a bora on 7 November 1999 during the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) Special Observation Period. The dynamics and structure of the lee-side and cross-mountain flow past the Dinaric Alps were investigated using data collected in a dual-aircraft (NCAR Electra and NOAA P-3) MAP Intensive Observing Period 15 mission over the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and high-resolution numerical simulations. The observational study employs flight-level, dropsonde, and Scanning Aerosol Backscatter Lidar data. The observed flow structure is compared with simulations results of the COAMPS model run at a horizontal resolution of 3 km. The Dinaric Alps, the north-west/south-east oriented coastal mountain range of Croatia, has an irregular ridge line with a number of peaks in the range of 1.5-2 km with several prominent mountain passes. The identified jet and wake structure within the east-north-easterly bora over the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> was found to be well correlated with the upwind distribution of mountain passes and peaks. The wake flow structure was found also to be in excellent agreement with the climatological profile of the bora strength along the Croatian coast. The attendant secondary PV banners separating individual jets and wakes, diagnosed by computing PV from the flight-level data, were found to have a characteristic horizontal scale of 10-25 km, and a maximum amplitude of up to ~6 pvu within the boundary layer. Over the open <span class="hlt">sea</span>, the thickness of the boundary layer, within which the east-north-easterly bora also achieved its maximum strength, was approximately 1 km. Detailed comparison with the numerical model results shows that, at the horizontal resolution of 3 km, the COAMPS model reproduces well the overall flow structure. The COAMPS-simulated PV field was found to be in good agreement with the PV derived from observations. The differences in substructure between</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1058H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1058H"><span>A GIS Approach for Reconstructing the Litorina <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Lagoon in Tolkuse-Rannametsa Area, Eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Habicht, Hando-Laur; Rosentau, Alar; Jõeleht, Argo; Hang, Tiit; Kohv, Marko</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The eastern coast of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga in the NE Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is characterized by slow post-glacial isostatic uplift (about 1mm/yr) and slowly undulating low topography. Therefore even small increases in <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level can easily lead to the flooding of considerable areas. The complex deglaciation history of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> area left, at times, south western Estonia submerged, while at other times, it emerged as terrestrial land. Different transgressive and regressive development stages of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> did not only shape the landscape, but also influenced the locations of the Stone Age settlements which were closely bound to the coastal areas which also include estuaries and lagoonal systems. The coastal region of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga is abundant in Meso- and Neolithic settlement sites. The present study combines LiDAR, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and geological data to reconstruct development of the Litorina <span class="hlt">Sea</span> lagoon in Tolkuse-Rannametsa area and to create prognostic palaeogeographic maps in order to search for Meso- and Neolithic coastal settlement sites. Over 47 km of GPR profiling was done; sediments were described and dated in 37 cores two riverbank outcrops. Diatoms were analysed in the master core. A semi-automatic method for the removal of modern anthropogenic features from LiDAR derived digital elevation model (DEM) was developed, tested and used. In modelling process the impact of sedimentary processes subsequent to the time being modelled was taken into account by employing a backstripping methodology. The differential glacio-isostatic uplift within the study area was taken into account by using interpolated water-level surfaces. Palaeogeographic reconstructions shed new light into region's post-glacial coastal evolution and enabled us to suggest the possible locations of the Stone Age settlements with some of the proposed areas buried under up to 3 m thick peat layer. The results of the current study provide new chronological and shore displacement data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.3481B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.3481B"><span>New Observations of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Intermediate Water Intrusion into the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bower, A.; Abualnaja, Y.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The three-layer exchange flow between the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Indian Ocean during summer is characterized by a thick, northward intrusion of relatively cold, low-salinity and low in dissolved oxygen (< 0.5 ml/l); <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Intermediate Water (GAIW), sandwiched between two thin layers of outflow water. The flux of GAIW into the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is important in the heat, freshwater and nutrient budgets of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, but the structure and pathways of the intrusion are not well-known due to a paucity of hydrographic and direct velocity observations. A research cruise was executed at the eastern side of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> during September-October 2011 to conduct the first large-scale survey of the intrusion. This mission is part of a series of expeditions in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> designed to investigate the seasonal Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> circulation. Surprisingly, the GAIW intrusion was observed to stretch nearly the entire length of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (~1500 km) as a narrow eastern boundary current with subsurface velocity maximum of 0.1-0.3 m/s in the depth range 50-100 m. The intruding layer is weakly stratified compared to the background, possibly an indication of strong vertical mixing as it flows through the strait. Some GAIW was observed to enter deep channels in a coral reef bank (Farasan Banks) located in the southeastern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and to enter the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> interior, the latter possibly due to interactions between the boundary current and mesoscale eddies. The pathways and erosion of the GAIW intrusion will likely have major implications for the spatial distribution of biological productivity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2988790','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2988790"><span>Biodiversity of the Deep-<span class="hlt">Sea</span> Continental Margin Bordering the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine (NW Atlantic): Relationships among Sub-Regions and to Shelf Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kelly, Noreen E.; Shea, Elizabeth K.; Metaxas, Anna; Haedrich, Richard L.; Auster, Peter J.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Background In contrast to the well-studied continental shelf region of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine, fundamental questions regarding the diversity, distribution, and abundance of species living in deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> habitats along the adjacent continental margin remain unanswered. Lack of such knowledge precludes a greater understanding of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine ecosystem and limits development of alternatives for conservation and management. Methodology/Principal Findings We use data from the published literature, unpublished studies, museum records and online sources, to: (1) assess the current state of knowledge of species diversity in the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> habitats adjacent to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine (39–43°N, 63–71°W, 150–3000 m depth); (2) compare patterns of taxonomic diversity and distribution of megafaunal and macrofaunal species among six distinct sub-regions and to the continental shelf; and (3) estimate the amount of unknown diversity in the region. Known diversity for the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> region is 1,671 species; most are narrowly distributed and known to occur within only one sub-region. The number of species varies by sub-region and is directly related to sampling effort occurring within each. Fishes, corals, decapod crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms are relatively well known, while most other taxonomic groups are poorly known. Taxonomic diversity decreases with increasing distance from the continental shelf and with changes in benthic topography. Low similarity in faunal composition suggests the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> region harbours faunal communities distinct from those of the continental shelf. Non-parametric estimators of species richness suggest a minimum of 50% of the deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> species inventory remains to be discovered. Conclusions/Significance The current state of knowledge of biodiversity in this deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> region is rudimentary. Our ability to answer questions is hampered by a lack of sufficient data for many taxonomic groups, which is constrained by sampling biases, life</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785269','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785269"><span>Juvenile Steller <span class="hlt">sea</span> lion (Eumetopias jubatus) utilization distributions in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bishop, Amanda; Brown, Casey; Rehberg, Michael; Torres, Leigh; Horning, Markus</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>A utilization distribution quantifies the temporal and spatial probability of space use for individuals or populations. These patterns in movement arise from individuals' internal state and from their response to the external environment, and thus can provide insights for assessing factors associated with the management of threatened populations. The Western Distinct Population Segment of the Steller <span class="hlt">sea</span> lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) has declined to approximately 20% of levels encountered 40 years ago. At the height of the decline, juvenile survival appeared to be depressed and currently there is evidence that juvenile mortality due to predation may be constraining recovery in some regions. Therefore, our objectives were to identify what spaces are biologically important to juvenile Steller <span class="hlt">sea</span> lions in the Kenai Fjords and Prince William Sound regions of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska. We examined geospatial location data from juvenile <span class="hlt">sea</span> lions tagged between 2000 and 2014 ( n  = 84) and derived individual and pooled-population utilization distributions (UDs) from their movements. Core areas were defined from the UDs using an individual-based approach; this quantitatively confirmed that all individuals in our sample exhibited concentrated use within their home range (95% UD). Finally, we explored if variation in UD characteristics were associated with sex, season, age, or region. We found evidence that individual juvenile home ranges were region and sex-specific, with males having larger home ranges on average. Core space characteristics were also sex-specific, and exhibited seasonal patterns of reduced size, increased proximity to haulouts, and increased intensity of use in the summer, but only in the Kenai Fjords-<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Alaska region. This study highlights the areas of biological importance during this vulnerable life history stage, and the demographic, seasonal, and spatial factors associated with variation in movement patterns for a marine mesopredator. This can be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9418D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9418D"><span>Assessment extreme hydrometeorological conditions in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia, the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dvornikov, Anton; Martyanov, Stanislav; Ryabchenko, Vladimir; Eremina, Tatjana; Isaev, Alexey; Sein, Dmitry</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Extreme hydrometeorological conditions in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia, the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, are estimated paying a special attention to the area of the future construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) "Hanhikivi-1" (24° 16' E, 64° 32' N). To produce these estimates, long-term observations and results from numerical models of water and ice circulation and wind waves are used. It is estimated that the average annual air temperature in the vicinity of the station is +3° C, summer and winter extreme temperature is equal to 33.3° C and -41.5° C, respectively. Model calculations of wind waves have shown that the most dangerous (in terms of the generation of wind waves in the NPP area) is a north-west wind with the direction of 310°. The maximum height of the waves in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia near the NPP for this wind direction with wind velocity of 10 m/s is 1.2-1.4 m. According to the model estimates, the highest possible level of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> near the NPP is 248 cm, the minimum level, -151 cm, respectively for the western and eastern winds. These estimates are in good agreement with observations on the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level for the period 1922-2015 at the nearest hydrometeorological station Raahe (Finland). In order to assess the likely impact of the NPP on the marine environment numerical experiments for the cold (2010) and warm year (2014) have been carried out. These calculations have shown that permanent release of heat into the marine environment from the operating NPP for the cold year (2010) will increase the temperature in the upper layer of 0-250m zone by 10°C in winter - spring and by 8°C in summer - early autumn, and in the bottom layer of 0-250m zone by 5°C in winter - spring and 3°C in summer - early autumn. For the warm year (2014), these temperature changes are smaller. Ice cover in both cases will disappear in two - kilometer vicinity of the NPP. These effects should be taken into account when assessing local climate changes in the future</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860021651','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860021651"><span>Heat flow and continental breakup: The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat (Aqaba)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ben-Avraham, Z.; Vonherzen, R. P.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>Heat flow measurements were made in the major basins of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat (Aqaba), northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is located at the southern portion of the Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> rift which is a transform plate boundary. Gradient measurements at each site were made with a probe which allows multiple penetration of the bottom during a single deployment of the instrument. Thermal conductivity was determined by needle probe measurements on sedimentary cores. The mean heat flux, about 80 mWm(-2), is significantly above the continental mean, and probably also above that from the adjacent Sinai and Arabian continental blocks. The heat flow appears to increase from north to south. Such an increase may be related to the more advanced rifting stage of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> immediately to the south, which presently includes creation of an oceanic crust. This trend also corresponds to the general trend of the deep crustal structure in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Evidence from various geophysical fields suggest a gradual thinning of the crust towards the direction of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> where a normal oceanic crust exists. The heat flow data, together with other geophysical data, indicate a propagation of mature rifting activity from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat. This process is acting simultaneously with the transform motion along the Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> rift.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS43E1324R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS43E1324R"><span>Evidence of a Weakening <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream from In-situ Expendable Bathythermograph Data, 1996-2013</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roupe, L.; Baringer, M. O.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>A weakening of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream, the upper branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation system, has been hypothesized to accelerate <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise on the east coast of the United States, caused by changes in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream strength and, hence, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level difference across the current. It still remains unclear if the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream has in fact weakened or remains stable, along with the potential role of natural long-term variability. Tide gauges along the east coast show an accelerated <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod that is 3-4 times higher than global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. Satellite altimetry shows a weakening gradient in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height that is highly correlated (r=-0.85) with east coast <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, however, direct velocity measurements showed no significant decrease in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream strength over a similar time period. We introduce another in-situ dataset to examine the issues between these conflicting results. Expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) measure temperature at depth directly, and then depth and salinity can be inferred, along with geostrophic velocity and transport. XBT data has been used to measure transport in various current systems, however, the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream transport has not been analyzed using the newest high-density XBT data made available since 1996. The trend in <span class="hlt">sea</span> level difference is determined to be 3.3 +/- 3.2 mm/yr, resulting in an overall decrease of 5.2 cm in <span class="hlt">sea</span> level from 1996-2013. This result agrees with satellite altimetry results that show a significant decrease in recent years. This data also shows a changing <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream core position, based on the 15°C isotherm at 200 m, of 0.03°N/yr that is negatively correlated with surface transport (r=-0.25). Issues remain in defining the core and width of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream and with eliminating the possibility of natural variability in the current system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=aziz&pg=2&id=ED159008','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=aziz&pg=2&id=ED159008"><span>Programme for Environmental Studies, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, Jeddah II Conference, 12-18 January 1976. Provisional Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Arab Organization for Education and Science, Cairo (Egypt).</p> <p></p> <p>This publication presents the report of Jeddah II Conference of the Program for Environmental Studies, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden (PERSGA) hosted by King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah in January 1976. The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) initiated the conference to study the issues of scientific research on,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3696058','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3696058"><span>Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Genetic Structuring of Pinna nobilis across the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sanna, Daria; Cossu, Piero; Dedola, Gian Luca; Scarpa, Fabio; Maltagliati, Ferruccio; Castelli, Alberto; Franzoi, Piero; Lai, Tiziana; Cristo, Benedetto; Curini-Galletti, Marco; Francalacci, Paolo; Casu, Marco</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Pinna nobilis is the largest endemic Mediterranean marine bivalve. During past centuries, various human activities have promoted the regression of its populations. As a consequence of stringent standards of protection, demographic expansions are currently reported in many sites. The aim of this study was to provide the first large broad-scale insight into the genetic variability of P. nobilis in the area that encompasses the western Mediterranean, Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> marine ecoregions. To accomplish this objective twenty-five populations from this area were surveyed using two mitochondrial DNA markers (COI and 16S). Our dataset was then merged with those obtained in other studies for the Aegean and Tunisian populations (eastern Mediterranean), and statistical analyses (Bayesian model-based clustering, median-joining network, AMOVA, mismatch distribution, Tajima’s and Fu’s neutrality tests and Bayesian skyline plots) were performed. The results revealed genetic divergence among three distinguishable areas: (1) western Mediterranean and Ionian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>; (2) <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>; and (3) Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Tunisian coastal areas. From a conservational point of view, populations from the three genetically divergent groups found may be considered as different management units. PMID:23840684</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA03055.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA03055.html"><span>Wilma Trek Through Warm Caribbean/<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2005-10-21</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height map of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and the northwestern Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, with the Florida peninsula on the upper right, is based on altimeter data from three satellites including NASA Jason-1.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoJI.207..457S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoJI.207..457S"><span>Recent kinematics of the tectonic plates surrounding the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schettino, Antonio; Macchiavelli, Chiara; Pierantoni, Pietro Paolo; Zanoni, Davide; Rasul, Najeeb</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden represent two young basins that formed between Africa and Arabia since the early Oligocene, floored by oceanic crust or by transitional and thinned continental crust. While in the easternmost <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, the rift-drift transition can be dated chron C6 (˜20.1 Ma), here we show that in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> the first pulse of seafloor spreading occurred during chron C3n.2n (˜4.6 Ma) around ˜17.1°N (present-day coordinates) and propagated southwards from this location, separating the Danakil microplate from Arabia. It is also shown that seafloor spreading between Arabia and Nubia started later, around chron 2A (˜2.58 Ma), and propagated northwards. At present, there is no magnetic evidence for the existence of a linear spreading centre in the northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> at latitudes higher than ˜24°N and in the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> below ˜14.8°N. The present-day plate kinematics of this region can be described with high accuracy by a network of five interacting plates (Nubia, Arabia, Somalia, Sinai and Danakil) and six triple junctions. For times older than anomaly 2A (˜2.58 Ma) and up to anomaly 3, the absence of marine magnetic anomalies between Arabia and Nubia prevents a rigorous kinematic description of the five-plates system. However, there is strong evidence that the unique changes in plate motions during the last 5 Myr were a dramatic slowdown at chron C2 (˜1.77 Ma) in the spreading or extension rates along the ridge and rift axes, thereby a good representation of the real plate motions can be obtained anyway by backward extension of the oldest Arabia-Nubia and Arabia-Danakil stage rotations determined on the basis of marine magnetic anomalies, respectively, C2-C2A and C2A-C3. The proposed kinematic reconstructions are accompanied by a geodynamic explanation for the genesis of large continent-continent fracture zones at the rift-drift transition and by an analysis of the strain associated with plate motions in Afar, northeastern Egypt and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20221828','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20221828"><span>Marine conservation and accession: the future for the Croatian <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mackelworth, Peter; Holcer, Draško; Jovanović, Jelena; Fortuna, Caterina</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>The European Union (EU) is the world's largest trading bloc and the most influential supra-national organisation in the region. The EU has been the goal for many eastern European States, for Croatia accession remains a priority and underpins many of its national policies. However, entry into the EU requires certain commitments and concessions. In October 2003 the Croatian parliament declared an ecological and fisheries protection zone in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Under pressure the zone was suspended, finally entering into force in March 2008 exempting EU States. There are other marine conflicts between Croatia and the EU, particularly the contested maritime border with Slovenia, and the development of the Croatian fishing fleet in opposition to the Common Fisheries Policy. Conversely, attempts to harmonise Croatian Nature Protection with the EU Habitats Directive, facilitated by pre-accession funding, has galvanised conservation policy. Since 2005 two marine protected areas have been declared, significantly increasing the marine ecosystem under protection. Finally, the development of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive is the latest EU attempt to integrate environmental policy in the maritime realm. This will have an effect not only on member States but neighbouring countries. For marine nature protection to be effective in the region the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> needs to be viewed as a mutually important shared and limited resource not a bargaining chip. Negotiations of the EU and Croatia have been watched closely by the other Balkan States and precedents set in this case have the potential to affect EU expansion to the East.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EnMan..47..644M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EnMan..47..644M"><span>Marine Conservation and Accession: The Future for the Croatian <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mackelworth, Peter; Holcer, Draško; Jovanović, Jelena; Fortuna, Caterina</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>The European Union (EU) is the world's largest trading bloc and the most influential supra-national organisation in the region. The EU has been the goal for many eastern European States, for Croatia accession remains a priority and underpins many of its national policies. However, entry into the EU requires certain commitments and concessions. In October 2003 the Croatian parliament declared an ecological and fisheries protection zone in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Under pressure the zone was suspended, finally entering into force in March 2008 exempting EU States. There are other marine conflicts between Croatia and the EU, particularly the contested maritime border with Slovenia, and the development of the Croatian fishing fleet in opposition to the Common Fisheries Policy. Conversely, attempts to harmonise Croatian Nature Protection with the EU Habitats Directive, facilitated by pre-accession funding, has galvanised conservation policy. Since 2005 two marine protected areas have been declared, significantly increasing the marine ecosystem under protection. Finally, the development of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive is the latest EU attempt to integrate environmental policy in the maritime realm. This will have an effect not only on member States but neighbouring countries. For marine nature protection to be effective in the region the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> needs to be viewed as a mutually important shared and limited resource not a bargaining chip. Negotiations of the EU and Croatia have been watched closely by the other Balkan States and precedents set in this case have the potential to affect EU expansion to the East.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950057692&hterms=Eocene&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DEocene','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950057692&hterms=Eocene&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DEocene"><span>Controls on erosional retreat of the uplifted rift flanks at the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez and northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Steckler, Michael S.; Omar, Gomaa I.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez and the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> rigts are currently bordered by large asymmetric uplifts that are undergoing erosion. We find that the amount and timing of erosion vary systematically along the strike of the margin and have been controlled by variations in the perift stratigraphy. The perfit strata are compsoed of cliff-forming Eocene-Cretaceous carbonates overlaying the easily eroded Cretaceous-Cambrian 'Nubian' sandstone. This lithologic succession promotes scarp retreat of the sedimentary section, follwed by dissection of the underlying basement. The perift section thins from over 2000 m at the northern end of the rift to less htan 400 m at its junction with the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Thus, at the northern part of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez, the Nubian sandstone is minimally exposed, and the carbonates form a scarp at the rift border fault. Farther south, undercuttin of hte carbonates by erosion of the sandstion has resulted in scarp retreat. The escarpment cuts diagonally away from the border fault andis over 100 km inland from the border fault at the southernmost <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez. The amount of retreat varies inversely with the sediment thickness. Exposure and erosion of basement are initiated by the retreate of the escarpment, and the depth of erosion, as indicated by fission track ages, increases with distance from the escarpment. These observations are explained by a model in which erosion along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez is initiated as rift flank uplift becomes sufficiently large ot expose the friable sandstones. Undercutting the escarpment and exhumation of basement has been propagating northward and westward for at least 20 m.y. The average rate of scarp retreat has been 6 km/m.y. and the along-strike propagation of the erosion has been 12 km/m.y. The diachronous erosion of the rift flanks at the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez highlights the importance of distinguishing between the timing of uplift and of erosion. Both thermochronometric and stratigraphic data primarily indicate the timing of erosion, which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NHESS..17...31P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NHESS..17...31P"><span>Application of surface analytical methods for hazardous situation in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: monitoring of organic matter dynamics and oil pollution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pletikapić, Galja; Ivošević DeNardis, Nadica</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Surface analytical methods are applied to examine the environmental status of seawaters. The present overview emphasizes advantages of combining surface analytical methods, applied to a hazardous situation in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, such as monitoring of the first aggregation phases of dissolved organic matter in order to potentially predict the massive mucilage formation and testing of oil spill cleanup. Such an approach, based on fast and direct characterization of organic matter and its high-resolution visualization, sets a continuous-scale description of organic matter from micro- to nanometre scales. Electrochemical method of chronoamperometry at the dropping mercury electrode meets the requirements for monitoring purposes due to the simple and fast analysis of a large number of natural seawater samples enabling simultaneous differentiation of organic constituents. In contrast, atomic force microscopy allows direct visualization of biotic and abiotic particles and provides an insight into structural organization of marine organic matter at micro- and nanometre scales. In the future, merging data at different spatial scales, taking into account experimental input on micrometre scale, observations on metre scale and modelling on kilometre scale, will be important for developing sophisticated technological platforms for knowledge transfer, reports and maps applicable for the marine environmental protection and management of the coastal area, especially for tourism, fishery and cruiser trafficking.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS22B..05M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS22B..05M"><span>Atmospheric responses to sensible and latent heating fluxes over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Minobe, S.; Ida, T.; Takatama, K.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interaction over mid-latitude oceanic fronts such as the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream attracted large attention in the last decade. Observational analyses and modelling studies revealed that atmospheric responses over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream including surface wind convergence, enhanced precipitation and updraft penetrating to middle-to-upper troposphere roughly on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream current axis or on the warmer flank of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-surface temperature (SST) front of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream . For these atmospheric responses, oceanic information should be transmitted to the atmosphere via turbulent heat fluxes, and thus the mechanisms for atmospheric responses can be understood better by examining latent and sensible air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> heat fluxes more closely. Thus, the roles of the sensible and latent heat fluxes are examined by conducting a series of numerical experiments using the IPRC Regional Atmospheric Model over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream by applying SST smoothing for latent and sensible heating separately. The results indicate that the sensible and latent heat fluxes affect the atmosphere differently. Sensible heat flux intensifies surface wind convergence to produce <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level pressure (SLP) anomaly. Latent heat flux supplies moistures and maintains enhanced precipitation. The different heat flux components cause upward wind velocity at different levels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6727060-geochemical-typing-crude-oils-from-gulf-thailand-natuna-sea','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6727060-geochemical-typing-crude-oils-from-gulf-thailand-natuna-sea"><span>Geochemical typing of crude oils from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand and the Natuna <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Shiefelbein, C.; Haven, H.L.T.</p> <p></p> <p>The geochemical characteristics of approximately thirty oils from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand and Natuna <span class="hlt">Sea</span> have been measured, viz., sulfur, vanadium and nickel content, density, [sup 13]C isotopes of the isolated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions, capillary gas chromatography of the whole oil, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis included the classical monitoring of specific ions (SIM mode) as well as sophisticated multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) measurements (MRM mode). These latter analyses are of key importance for the detection of 24-propylsteranes, a prerequisite for the discrimination between lacustrine/deltaic oils vs. marine crude oils. Classification of the different typesmore » of oil families encountered in this region was based on visual inspection of the data, supported by multivariate statistical analysis. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand, which includes oils from the Pattani trough and the northern part of the Malay basin, essentially three different types are recognized, generated by lacustrine, resinous, and carbonate source rocks. The situation encountered in the Natuna <span class="hlt">sea</span>, including oils from the southern part of the Malay basin (Indonesia), the Penyu basin, and the west and east Natuna basins is almost similar to the same suite of different oil types. Although the geochemical characteristics of the resinous-derived oils are more or less similar in all basins, the lacustrine-derived oils exhibit large variations especially expressed in their isotopic signature. Interestingly, the carbonate-sourced oils from the east Natuna basin show characteristics that resemble those of the main oil family found offshore northwest Palawan.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DSRII.129....2C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DSRII.129....2C"><span>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico research initiative: It takes a village</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Colwell, Rita R.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) was established at the time of one of the most significant ecological events in recent memory, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Defined by the discharge of over 150 million gallons of crude oil and the introduction of over 1.8 million gallons of chemical dispersants into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> system, the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon disaster reached the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast's wetlands and beaches and impacted the surface and deep ocean. The ecological story of the event reveals a strong linkage between the deep <span class="hlt">sea</span> research community and research priorities in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (coastal processes, human health, etc.). Deep <span class="hlt">Sea</span> research efforts have revealed critical parts of the story, providing information on transport, fate, and effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil release and subsequent recovery of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico ecosystems.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA....13032B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA....13032B"><span>Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Outflow Experiment (REDSOX): Descent and initial spreading of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water in the northwestern Indian Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bower, A.; Johns, W.; Peters, H.; Fratantoni, D.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>Two comprehensive surveys were carried out during 2001 to investigate the dense overflow and initial spreading of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water (RSW) in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. The cruises were timed to coincide with the climatological maximum (February) and minimum (August) periods of outflow transport. The surveys included high-resolution CTD/lowered ADCP/shipboard ADCP observations in the descending plume and in the western <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, and trajectories from 50 acoustically-tracked RAFOS floats released at the center of the equilibrated RSW (650 m). The measurements reveal a complicated descending plume structure in the western <span class="hlt">gulf</span> with three main pathways for the high salinity RSW. Different mixing intensities along these pathways lead to variable penetration depths of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> plume between 450-900 m in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. The observations also revealed the hydrographic and velocity structure of large, energetic, deep-reaching mesoscale eddies in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> that fundamentally impact the spreading rates and pathways of RSW. Both cyclones and anticyclones were observed, with horizontal scales up to 250 km and azimuthal speeds as high as 0.5 m/s. The eddies appear to reach nearly to the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor and entrain RSW from the western <span class="hlt">gulf</span> at mid-depth. Post-cruise analysis of <span class="hlt">Sea</span>Wiffs imagery suggests that some of these eddies form in the Indian Ocean and propagate into the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAESc.148..192S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAESc.148..192S"><span>Fracture patterns of the drainage basin of Wadi Dahab in relation to tectonic-landscape evolution of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba - Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> transform fault</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shalaby, Ahmed</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Crustal rifting of the Arabian-Nubian Shield and formation of the Afro-Arabian rifts since the Miocene resulted in uplifting and subsequent terrain evolution of Sinai landscapes; including drainage systems and fault scarps. Geomorphic evolution of these landscapes in relation to tectonic evolution of the Afro-Arabian rifts is the prime target of this study. The fracture patterns and landscape evolution of the Wadi Dahab drainage basin (WDDB), in which its landscape is modeled by the tectonic evolution of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba-Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> transform fault, are investigated as a case study of landscape modifications of tectonically-controlled drainage systems. The early developed drainage system of the WDDB was achieved when the Sinai terrain subaerially emerged in post Eocene and initiation of the Afro-Arabian rifts in the Oligo-Miocene. Conjugate shear fractures, parallel to trends of the Afro-Arabian rifts, are synthesized with tensional fracture arrays to adapt some of inland basins, which represent the early destination of the Sinai drainage systems as paleolakes trapping alluvial sediments. Once the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba rift basin attains its deeps through sinistral movements on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba-Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> transform fault in the Pleistocene and the consequent rise of the Southern Sinai mountainous peaks, relief potential energy is significantly maintained through time so that it forced the Pleistocene runoffs to flow via drainage systems externally into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba. Hence the older alluvial sediments are (1) carved within the paleolakes by a new generation of drainage systems; followed up through an erosional surface by sandy- to silty-based younger alluvium; and (2) brought on footslopes of fault scarps reviving the early developed scarps and inselbergs. These features argue for crustal uplifting of Sinai landscapes syn-rifting of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba rift basin. Oblique orientation of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea-Gulf</span> of Suez rift relative to the WNW-trending Precambrian Najd faults; and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/478122-ocean-backscatter-across-gulf-stream-sea-surface-temperature-front','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/478122-ocean-backscatter-across-gulf-stream-sea-surface-temperature-front"><span>Ocean backscatter across the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature front</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nghiem, S.V.; Li, F.K.</p> <p>1997-06-01</p> <p>Ocean backscatter was measured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with the airborne NUSCAT K{sub u}-band scatterometer, across the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature front during the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment off the coast of Virginia and Maryland in the winter of 1991. Backscatter across the front between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration experimental coastal buoy A (44024) on the cold side and Discus C buoy (44023) on the warm side shows a difference of more than 5 dB for vertical polarization in many cases. This large frontal backscatter change is observed in all upwind, downwind, and crosswind directions. Themore » <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature difference measured by the buoys was about 9{degrees}C. The corresponding difference in wind speed cannot account for the large backscatter change in view of geophysical model functions depending only on neutral wind velocity such as SASS. The measured backscatter also has larger upwind-downwind and upwind-crosswind ratios compared to the model results. Furthermore, NUSCAT data reveal that upwind backscatter on the cold side was smaller than or close to crosswind backscatter on the warm side for incidence angles between 30{degrees} to 50{degrees}. This suggests that the temperature front can be detected by the scatterometer at these incidence angles for different wind directions in the cold and warm sides.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6402802-proceedings-workshop-cetaceans-sea-turtles-gulf-mexico-study-planning-effects-outer-continental-shelf-development','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6402802-proceedings-workshop-cetaceans-sea-turtles-gulf-mexico-study-planning-effects-outer-continental-shelf-development"><span>Proceedings of a workshop on cetaceans and <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico: study planning for effects of Outer Continental Shelf development</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Keller, C.E.; Adams, J.K.</p> <p>1983-02-01</p> <p>The purpose of the workshop was to assemble scientists knowledgeable about cetaceans, <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles, and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico to discuss the potential impacts of offshore oil and gas development on these animals and make recommendations for future research. The workshop began with brief presentations about the environment of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and the cetaceans and <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles found there, and a review of petroleum effects on these animals. The following points were then discussed: (1) ways in which cetaceans and <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles have been or could be affected, either directly or indirectly by activities and events associated withmore » offshore oil and gas development were identified; (2) the types and specificity of data needed to predict, detect, and mitigate possible adverse effects were identified; (3) the advantages and disadvatages of various methods that might be used to obtain needed data were discussed; and (4) specific research and monitoring programs that would be required to obtain needed data, including the necessary expertise, level of effort, equipment, and facilities were identified.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.9917T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.9917T"><span>Coastal vulnerability and the implications of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise between the cities of Pescara and Ortona (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> - Central Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tarragoni, C.; Bellotti, P.; Caputo, C.; Davoli, L.; Evangelista, S.; Pugliese, F.; Raffi, R.; Lupia Palmieri, E.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Geomorphic processes induce rapid environmental changes especially along the coast that is highly susceptible to them. In addiction, the effects of storm or wave may be amplified by the expected relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. In a context, like Italian coast, where the almost part of coast is densely populated and many infrastructures are presents, it is very important to have adequate tools to urban planning like the coastal vulnerability map. In this study the preliminary results of the ongoing SECOA project (Solution for Environmental contrasts in COastal Areas; 7th Framework Program) are presented, with reference to the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast between Pescara and Ortona cities, in the Abruzzo region. In this work the same analytical model applied in the Venice Lagoon has been employed (Fontolan, 2001; 2005) involving the evaluation of the effective vulnerability (Ve). Ve is calculated as the difference between the potential vulnerability (Vp) and the defence elements present along the coast (D). (Ve = Vp - D) The data used to measure quantitative features are: high-resolution DEM (LiDAR), satellite images, aero photos, bathymetric profiles and topographic maps. The variables that contribute to the evaluation are: beach amplitude, berm height, seafloor gradient, seafloor evolution, recent and historical shorelines evolution for Vp; height, slope, vegetation cover, presence of passages, incipient dunes and windbreak barriers for the dune and anthropic barriers height. In this context, the potential vulnerability results from the sum of each variable (Vn) per the relative efficacy coefficient (Kn): Vp = V1K1+V2K2+ …VnKn In the same way the defences result from the sum of each kind of defence per the relative efficacy coefficient: D = D1K1+ …. DnKn The coastal area between Pescara and Ortona cities has been segmented in different sectors characterized by homogeneous values of the considered variables and for each of these the Ve values have been calculated and referred to one</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JSR....65..461S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JSR....65..461S"><span>Microbial pollution indicators and culturable heterotrophic bacteria in a Mediterranean area (Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Italian coasts)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stabili, L.; Cavallo, R. A.</p> <p>2011-05-01</p> <p>In the present study we evaluated the degree of microbial water pollution along the coast line between Brindisi and Santa Maria di Leuca (Southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) as well as the culturable heterotrophic bacteria abundances and biodiversity in relation to the microbiological quality of the water. A total of 3773 colonies were isolated, subcultured and identified by several morphological, cultural and biochemical methods including the standardized API 20 E and API 20 NE tests. Along the examined coastal tract the microbial pollution indicators were always below the tolerance limits for bathing waters defined by the CEE directive, suggesting a good sanitary quality. Concerning culturable heterotrophic bacteria, different temporal density trends were observed in the four sites in relation to their geographical position. A positive relationship between the bacterial abundances and the temperature was observed in S. Cataldo and Otranto. The culturable bacterial community was mainly composed of the genera Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Photobacterium and Flavobacterium. The Enterobacteriaceae family represented a conspicuous component of the bacterial community too. Bacilli were predominant among the Gram-positive bacteria. Of interest is the isolation of yeasts (2% at the surface and 1% at the bottom) taking into account their capability of biodegradation of various materials. Because of the low level of microbial pollution recorded, our results are indicative of the natural variation and diversity of the culturable bacterial community in such an oligotrophic ecosystem and could represent a good point of comparison with other ecosystems as well as a baseline for long term studies aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental fluctuations and human impacts on this aspect of biodiversity in coastal areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp.1270D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp.1270D"><span>Water Masses in the Eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: An Analysis of Measured Isotopic Oxygen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>de Ruggiero, Paola; Zanchettin, Davide; Bensi, Manuel; Hainbucher, Dagmar; Stenni, Barbara; Pierini, Stefano; Rubino, Angelo</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We investigate aspects of the water mass structure of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and Ionian basins (Eastern Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) and their interdecadal variability through statistical analyses focused on δ18Ο measurements carried out in 1985, 1990, and 2011. In particular, the more recent δ18Ο measurements extend throughout the entire water column and constitute, to the best of our knowledge, the largest synoptic dataset encompassing different sub-basins of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. We study the statistical linkages between temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and δ18Ο. We find that δ18Ο is largely independent from the other parameters, and it can be used to trace major water masses that are typically found in the basins, including the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Dense Water, the Levantine Intermediate Water, and the Cretan Intermediate and Dense Waters. Finally, we explore the possibility of using δ18Ο concentration as a proxy for dominant modes of large-scale oceanic variability in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRD..123..198S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRD..123..198S"><span>Modulation of Winter Precipitation Dynamics Over the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> by ENSO</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sandeep, S.; Ajayamohan, R. S.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span>) and the surrounding regions are centers of intense economic activity. The precipitating weather systems that form over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> are important for this predominantly arid region. It is suggested that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the Middle East precipitation variability through an equatorward shift of the subtropical jet. Here we present compelling evidence to illustrate the role of ENSO in modulating the local dynamics and moisture transport in initiating precipitation during different ENSO phases using satellite and reanalysis data. It is found that the moisture transport from the Red and Arabian <span class="hlt">Seas</span> toward the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is stronger during El Niño years. The pattern and strength of moisture transport toward the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is weakened during La Niña and neutral years, with most of the transport directed toward the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Using a 120 h back trajectory analysis, it is found that while the air parcels coming toward the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> from the Arabian and Red <span class="hlt">Seas</span> side originate at lower tropospheric levels, the air parcels from the Mediterranean originate at middle and upper tropospheric levels during El Niño years. In contrast, upper tropospheric air parcels originating over the southern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> plays a dominant role on <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> precipitation during La Niña and neutral years. The seasonal mean transients of zonal winds show a robust ENSO signature over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, indicating a favorable (less favorable) condition for the penetration of midlatitude eddies over the region during El Niño (La Niña) winters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036600','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036600"><span>Investigating the impact of surface wave breaking on modeling the trajectories of drifters in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> during a wind-storm event</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Carniel, S.; Warner, J.C.; Chiggiato, J.; Sclavo, M.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>An accurate numerical prediction of the oceanic upper layer velocity is a demanding requirement for many applications at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and is a function of several near-surface processes that need to be incorporated in a numerical model. Among them, we assess the effects of vertical resolution, different vertical mixing parameterization (the so-called Generic Length Scale -GLS- set of k-??, k-??, gen, and the Mellor-Yamada), and surface roughness values on turbulent kinetic energy (k) injection from breaking waves. First, we modified the GLS turbulence closure formulation in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to incorporate the surface flux of turbulent kinetic energy due to wave breaking. Then, we applied the model to idealized test cases, exploring the sensitivity to the above mentioned factors. Last, the model was applied to a realistic situation in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> driven by numerical meteorological forcings and river discharges. In this case, numerical drifters were released during an intense episode of Bora winds that occurred in mid-February 2003, and their trajectories compared to the displacement of satellite-tracked drifters deployed during the ADRIA02-03 <span class="hlt">sea</span>-truth campaign. Results indicted that the inclusion of the wave breaking process helps improve the accuracy of the numerical simulations, subject to an increase in the typical value of the surface roughness z0. Specifically, the best performance was obtained using ??CH = 56,000 in the Charnok formula, the wave breaking parameterization activated, k-?? as the turbulence closure model. With these options, the relative error with respect to the average distance of the drifter was about 25% (5.5 km/day). The most sensitive factors in the model were found to be the value of ??CH enhanced with respect to a standard value, followed by the adoption of wave breaking parameterization and the particular turbulence closure model selected. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A13H2209Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A13H2209Z"><span>Area and shape metrics of rainfall fields associated with tropical cyclones landfalling over the western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhou, Y.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The rainfall associated with TCs making landfall over western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Coast caused numerous fatalities and divesting damage, however, few studies have been done over these regions. This study examines spatial pattern of rain fields associated with TCs making landfall over western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Coast during 1998-2015 through a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis of satellite-estimated rain rates. Regions of light rainfall (rain rate > 2.5 mm/h) and moderate rainfall (rain rate > 5.0 mm/h) during entire life cycle of each TC are converted into polygons and measurements are made of their area, dispersion and displacement during entire life cycle. The metric of dispersion is calculated for the entire rain field as defined by outlining light and moderate rain rates. The displacement to east and north is calculated by area weighted methods. There are three main objectives of this study. The first goal is to measure the area and spatial distribution of rain fields of TCs making landfall over the western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> coastlines. We examine in which regions, the light and moderate rainfall area, dispersion and displacement of rainfall have higher values, and how they change during the entire TC life cycle. The second goal is to determine to determine which environmental conditions are associated with the spatial configuration of light and moderate rain rates. The conditions include storm intensity, motion direction and speed, total precipitable water and wind shear. Last, we determine the time that rainfall reaches land relative to the time that the storm's center makes landfall and durations of rainfall from TCs over land.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3066226','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3066226"><span>Managing Polyploidy in Ex Situ Conservation Genetics: The Case of the Critically Endangered <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Congiu, Leonardo; Pujolar, Jose Martin; Forlani, Anna; Cenadelli, Silvia; Dupanloup, Isabelle; Barbisan, Federica; Galli, Andrea; Fontana, Francesco</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>While the current expansion of conservation genetics enables to address more efficiently the management of threatened species, alternative methods for genetic relatedness data analysis in polyploid species are necessary. Within this framework, we present a standardized and simple protocol specifically designed for polyploid species that can facilitate management of genetic diversity, as exemplified by the ex situ conservation program for the tetraploid <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> sturgeon Acipenser naccarii. A critically endangered endemic species of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> tributaries, its persistence is strictly linked to the ex situ conservation of a single captive broodstock currently decimated to about 25 individuals, which represents the last remaining population of <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> sturgeon of certain wild origin. The genetic variability of three F1 broodstocks available as future breeders was estimated based on mitochondrial and microsatellite information and compared with the variability of the parental generation. Genetic data showed that the F1 stocks have only retained part of the genetic variation present in the original stock due to the few parent pairs used as founders. This prompts for the urgent improvement of the current F1 stocks by incorporating new founders that better represent the genetic diversity available. Following parental allocation based on band sharing values, we set up a user-friendly tool for selection of candidate breeders according to relatedness between all possible parent-pairs that secures the use of non-related individuals. The approach developed here could also be applied to other endangered tetraploid sturgeon species overexploited for caviar production, particularly in regions lacking proper infrastructure and/or expertise. PMID:21483472</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.127..123S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.127..123S"><span>Change point detection of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shirvani, A.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In this study, the Student's t parametric and Mann-Whitney nonparametric change point models (CPMs) were applied to detect change point in the annual Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature anomalies (PGSSTA) time series for the period 1951-2013. The PGSSTA time series, which were serially correlated, were transformed to produce an uncorrelated pre-whitened time series. The pre-whitened PGSSTA time series were utilized as the input file of change point models. Both the applied parametric and nonparametric CPMs estimated the change point in the PGSSTA in 1992. The PGSSTA follow the normal distribution up to 1992 and thereafter, but with a different mean value after year 1992. The estimated slope of linear trend in PGSSTA time series for the period 1951-1992 was negative; however, that was positive after the detected change point. Unlike the PGSSTA, the applied CPMs suggested no change point in the Niño3.4SSTA time series.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5474A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5474A"><span>An Update of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise in the northwestern part of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alothman, Abdulaziz; Bos, Machiel; Fernandes, Rui</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variations in the northwestern part of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> have been estimated in the past using no more than 10 to 15 years of observations. In Alothman et al. (2014), we have almost doubled the period to 28.7 years by examining all available tide gauge data in the area and constructing a mean gauge time-series from seven coastal tide gauges. We found for the period 1979-2007 a relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise of about 2mm/yr, which correspond to an absolute <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise of about 1.5mm/yr based on the vertical displacement of GNSS stations in the region. By taking into account the temporal correlations we concluded that previous published results underestimate the true <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rate error in this area by a factor of 5-10. In this work, we discuss and update the methodology and results from Alothman et al. (2014), particularly by checking and extending the GNSS solutions. Since 3 of the 6 GPS stations used only started observing in the end of 2011, the longer time series have now significantly lower uncertainties in the estimated vertical rate. In addition, we compare our results with GRACE derived ocean bottom pressure time series which are a good proxy of the changes in water mass in this area over time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919167U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919167U"><span>Assessment of heavy metal contamination in core sediment samples in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Izmir, Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Turkey (by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES))</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ünal Yumun, Zeki; Kam, Erol; Kurt, Dilek</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Heavy metal and radionuclide analysis studies are crucial in explaining biotic and abiotic interactions in ecosystems. This type of analysis is highly needed in environments such as coastal areas, <span class="hlt">gulfs</span> or lakes where human activities are generally concentrated. Sediments are one of the best biological indicators for the environment since the pollution accumulates in the sediments by descent to the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor. In this study, sediments were collected from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Izmir (Eastern Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Turkey) considering the accumulated points of domestic and industrial wastes to make an anthropogenic pollution analysis. The core sediments had different depths of 0.00-30.00 m at four different locations where Karsiyaka, Bayrakli, Incialti and Cesmealti in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Izmir. The purpose of the study was determining Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the drilling samples to assess their levels and spatial distribution in crucial areas of the Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with microwave digestion techniques. The heavy metal concentrations found in sediments varied for Cd: <N.D., Co: 3.45-20.62, Cr: 36.07-203.8, Cu: 11.52-51.55, Mn: 163.4-795.9, Ni: 20.45-143.8, Pb: 3.69-18.72, and Zn: 83.33-177.2 μg/g. The results were compared with the average abundances of elements in the Earth's crust, and accordingly the sediments were relatively unpolluted. The potential ecological risk assessment was not found in Cesmealti while Karsiyaka and Inciralti had higher levels in parts of investigating heavy metals. Keywords: <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Izmir, heavy metals, ICP-OES, pollution, sediment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1816453M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1816453M"><span>Turbulence suppression at water density interfaces: observations under moderate wind forcing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marcello Falcieri, Francesco; Kanth, Lakshmi H.; Benetazzo, Alvise; Bergamasco, Andrea; Bonaldo, Davide; Barbariol, Francesco; Malačič, Vlado; Sclavo, Mauro; Carniel, Sandro</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Water column stratification has a strong influence on the behaviour of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rates. Density gradient interfaces, due to thermohaline characteristics and to suspended sediment concentration, can act as a barrier and significantly damp TKE. Between January 30th - February 4th 2014 (CARPET2014 oceanographic campaign on R/V URANIA) we collected the very first turbulence data in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Trieste (a small bay located in the North-eartern part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). Observation consisted of 38 CTD casts and 478 microstructure profiles (145 ensembles) collected with a free-falling probe (MSS90L). Among those 48 were grouped in three sets of yoyo casts, each lasting for about 12 consecutive hours. The meteorological conditions during the campaign were of moderate wind (average wind speed 10 m s-1) and heat flux (net negative heat flux ranging from 150 to 400 W m-2). The water column characteristics in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> during the campaign evolved from well-mixed to stratified conditions with waters intruding from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> at the bottom. Two types of water intrusions were found during yoyo casts: one coming from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> northern coast (i.e. warmer, saltier and more turbid) and one coming from the open <span class="hlt">sea</span> in front of the Po Delta (i.e. cooler, fresher and less turbid). Our observations show that under moderate wind forcing, the GOT was not completely mixed due to the interfaces created by the bottom waters intruding from the open <span class="hlt">sea</span>. The comparison of microstructure profiles collected during well mixed and stratified conditions permitted us to highlight the effect of different stratification on TKE dissipation rates. While during well mixed condition TKE profiles are governed just by their forcing, the two intrusions showed different impacts on TKE dissipation rate profiles. The coastal one, with high turbidity, acted as a barrier to surface driven turbulence dumping it of almost two order of magnitude, while the one coming</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA06428.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA06428.html"><span>Rita Roars Through a Warm <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> September 21, 2005</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2005-09-21</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height map of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, with the Florida peninsula on the right and the Texas-Mexico <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast on the left, is based on altimeter data from four satellites including NASA’s Topex/Poseidon and Jason.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990JGR....95.3007W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990JGR....95.3007W"><span>Verification of Geosat <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface topography in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream extension with surface drifting buoys and hydrographic measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Willebrand, J.; KäSe, R. H.; Stammer, D.; Hinrichsen, H.-H.; Krauss, W.</p> <p>1990-03-01</p> <p>Altimeter data from Geosat have been analyzed in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream extension area. Horizontal maps of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height anomaly relative to an annual mean for various 17-day intervals were constructed using an objective mapping procedure. The mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level was approximated by the dynamic topography from climatological hydrographic data. Geostrophic surface velocities derived from the composite maps (mean plus anomaly) are significantly correlated with surface drifter velocities observed during an oceanographie experiment in the spring of 1987. The drifter velocities contain much energy on scales less than 100 km which are not resolved in the altimetric maps. It is shown that the composite <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height also agrees well with ground verification from hydrographic data along sections in a triangle between the Azores, Newfoundland, and Bermuda, except in regions of high mean gradients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSMM24B0428S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSMM24B0428S"><span>Succession of free-living and particle associated prokaryotes in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Steiner, P. A.; Ivančić, I.; Paliaga, P.; Matošović, K.; Haberleitner, E.; Sintes, E.; Najdek, M.; Herndl, G. J.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Marine snow is composed of a complex pool of organic and inorganic matter. Microbial communities thrive in it, using a large number of compounds as a source of energy and nutrients. Microbial abundance and activity have been reported to be orders of magnitude higher in marine snow than in the ambient water. However, it is still unclear whether the microbial community colonizing marine snow comprises mainly generalists or specialists. In this study, we monitored the prokaryotic community inhabiting marine snow (MS) and ambient water (AW) in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. MS was collected with syringes during SCUBA diving and AW was sampled with Niskin bottles. In the AW, inorganic N:P ratios averaged 30.5 ± 24.8 indicating P-limitation while in MS inorganic N:P ratios were 11 ± 11.9. Prokaryotic abundance in MS was similar to AW, with an enrichment factor (EF, i.e. ratio between MS/AW) of 1.4 ± 1.8. However, the microbial activity was generally higher in MS, extracellular enzymatic activity exhibited EFs ranging from 2.6 ± 1.4 to 8.3 ± 7.7, and the EF of heterotrophic leucine incorporation, a proxy for heterotrophic biomass production, was 7.8 ± 4.9. The relative abundance of different phylogenetic groups in MS changed over the course of the summer, e.g. Sphingobacteriales (from 10.6% to 0.9%), Verrucomicrobia (0.3% to 3.5%) and Actinobacteria (1.2% to 5.5%), indicating successional changes linked to changes in the environmental conditions in MS. The bacterial community inhabiting MS was characterized by a larger relative abundance of Cyanobacteria as compared to AW (27.5% in MS vs. 13.5% in AW) and Planctomycetes (4.8% in MS vs. 1.1% in AW) and a lower abundance of Alphaproteobacteria (20% in MS vs. 38.5% in AW). Taken together, our results indicate the presence of a core bacterial community in MS and AW. The highly active MS community is characterized by the presence of specialized groups that can reach high abundances, and a dynamic generalist community</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcMod..36..133I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcMod..36..133I"><span>How does the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow water interact with <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Eddies?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ilıcak, Mehmet; Özgökmen, Tamay M.; Johns, William E.</p> <p></p> <p>As the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> overflow water (RSOW) enters the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden (GOA), it interacts with a sequence of nearly barotropic, mesoscale eddies originating in the Indian Ocean. To investigate how these eddies impact the dispersal and eastward transport of the RSOW toward the Indian Ocean, a high resolution 3D regional model is employed to explore systematically the interaction between the RSOW and mesoscale eddies. Two types of experiments are conducted. In the first set, we simulate the behavior of RSOW in the presence of an idealized cyclone and an idealized anticyclone. The second type of simulation involves nesting of the regional model (ROMS) within a data-assimilating global model (HYCOM), in which a sequence of mesoscale eddies entering the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden is realistically captured. This simulation is integrated for one year, and includes a simple representation of the seasonality of the RSOW. Bower et al. (2002) suggest that the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> overflow might be a western boundary undercurrent. Consistent with these expectations, the idealized simulations show that the preferred pathway of the RSOW in the absence of eddies is along the coast of Somalia (southern continental shelf) as a western boundary undercurrent. Simultaneously, a cyclonic circulation is generated in the far western GOA due to vortex stretching by the descending outflow. The presence of a cyclone in the western GOA increases the peak RSOW transport, but the cyclone itself rapidly loses its coherence after interacting with the rough topography in the western GOA. The presence of an anticyclone tends to block the preferred boundary pathway and inhibits the eastward transport of the RSOW. The eddies also result in substantially increased mixing of the RSOW in the western GOA. On the basis of the more realistic ROMS experiment, it is found that the modeled RSOW leaves the western part of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden in short episodic bursts with transports that are an order of magnitude greater than that associated with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016BGeo...13.1049S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016BGeo...13.1049S"><span>Challenges in modeling spatiotemporally varying phytoplankton blooms in the Northwestern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sedigh Marvasti, S.; Gnanadesikan, A.; Bidokhti, A. A.; Dunne, J. P.; Ghader, S.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Recent years have shown an increase in harmful algal blooms in the Northwest Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, raising the question of whether climate change will accelerate this trend. This has led us to examine whether the Earth System Models used to simulate phytoplankton productivity accurately capture bloom dynamics in this region - both in terms of the annual cycle and interannual variability. Satellite data (<span class="hlt">Sea</span>WIFS ocean color) show two climatological blooms in this region, a wintertime bloom peaking in February and a summertime bloom peaking in September. On a regional scale, interannual variability of the wintertime bloom is dominated by cyclonic eddies which vary in location from one year to another. Two coarse (1°) models with the relatively complex biogeochemistry (TOPAZ) capture the annual cycle but neither eddies nor the interannual variability. An eddy-resolving model (GFDL CM2.6) with a simpler biogeochemistry (miniBLING) displays larger interannual variability, but overestimates the wintertime bloom and captures eddy-bloom coupling in the south but not in the north. The models fail to capture both the magnitude of the wintertime bloom and its modulation by eddies in part because of their failure to capture the observed sharp thermocline and/or nutricline in this region. When CM2.6 is able to capture such features in the Southern part of the basin, eddies modulate diffusive nutrient supply to the surface (a mechanism not previously emphasized in the literature). For the model to simulate the observed wintertime blooms within cyclones, it will be necessary to represent this relatively unusual nutrient structure as well as the cyclonic eddies. This is a challenge in the Northern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> as it requires capturing the details of the outflow from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> - something that is poorly done in global models.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC23F1290A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC23F1290A"><span>Wetland Responses to <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise in the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alizad, K.; Bilskie, M. V.; Hagen, S. C.; Medeiros, S. C.; Morris, J. T.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Coastal regions are vulnerable to flood risk due to climate change, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, and wetland losses. The Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (NGOM) is a region in which extreme events are projected to be more intense under climate change and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise scenarios [Wang et al., 2013; Bilskie et al., 2014]. Considering increased frequency and intensity of coastal flooding, wetlands are valuable natural resources that protect shorelines by dissipating waves and storm surges [Costanza et al., 2008]. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the response of salt marsh systems in different estuaries to <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise in the NGOM and their effects on storm surges to inform coastal managers to choose effective restoration plans. This research applies the coupled Hydro-MEM model [Alizad et al., 2016] to study three different estuarine systems in the NGOM. The model incorporates both <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise rate and feedbacks between physics and biology by coupling a hydrodynamic (ADCIRC) and salt marsh (MEM) model. The results of the model provide tidal hydrodynamics and biomass density change under four <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise projections during a 100-year period. The results are used to investigate marsh migration path in the estuarine systems. In addition, this study shows how marsh migration and biomass density change can impact storm surge modeling. The results imply the broader impacts of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise on the estuarine systems in the NGOM. ReferencesAlizad, K., S. C. Hagen, J. T. Morris, P. Bacopoulos, M. V. Bilskie, J. Weishampel, and S. C. Medeiros (2016), A coupled, two-dimensional hydrodynamic-marsh model with biological feedback, Ecological Modeling, 327, 29-43. Bilskie, M. V., S. C. Hagen, S. C. Medeiros, and D. L. Passeri (2014), Dynamics of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and coastal flooding on a changing landscape, Geophysical Research Letters, 41(3), 927-934. Costanza, R., O. Pérez-Maqueo, M. L. Martinez, P. Sutton, S. J. Anderson, and K. Mulder (2008), The Value of Coastal Wetlands for Hurricane</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015485','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015485"><span>Style of extensional tectonism during rifting, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bohannon, R.G.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Geologic and geophysical studies from the Arabian continental margin in the southern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and LANDSAT analysis of the northern Somalia margin in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden suggest that the early continental rifts were long narrow features that formed by extension on closely spaced normal faults above moderate- to shallow-dipping detachments with break-away zones defining one rift flank and root zones under the opposing rift flank. The rift flanks presently form the opposing continental margins across each ocean basin. The detachment on the Arabian margin dips gently to the west, with a breakaway zone now eroded above the deeply dissected terrain of the Arabian escarpment. A model is proposed in which upper crustal breakup occurs on large detachment faults that have a distinct polarity. -from Author</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmRe.200...36I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmRe.200...36I"><span>Impact of SST on heavy rainfall events on eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> during SOP1 of HyMeX</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivatek-Šahdan, Stjepan; Stanešić, Antonio; Tudor, Martina; Odak Plenković, Iris; Janeković, Ivica</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The season of late summer and autumn is favourable for intensive precipitation events (IPE) in the central Mediterranean. During that period the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface is warm and contributes to warming and moistening of the lowest portion of the atmosphere, particularly the planetary boundary layer (PBL). <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> is surrounded by mountains and the area often receives substantial amounts of precipitation in short time (24 h). The IPEs are a consequence of convection triggered by topography acting on the southerly flow that has brought the unstable air to the coastline. Improvement in prediction of high impact weather events is one of the goals of The Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean eXperiment (HyMeX). This study examines how precipitation patterns change in response to different SST forcing. We focus on the IPEs that occurred on the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast during the first HyMeX Special observing period (SOP1, 6 September to 5 November 2012). The operational forecast model ALADIN uses the same SST as the global meteorological model (ARPEGE from Meteo France), as well as the forecast lateral boundary conditions (LBCs). First we assess the SST used by the operational atmospheric model ALADIN and compare it to the in situ measurements, ROMS ocean model, OSTIA and MUR analyses. Results of this assessment show that SST in the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> was overestimated by up to 10 K during HyMeX SOP1 period. Then we examine the sensitivity of 8 km and 2 km resolution forecasts of IPEs to the changes in the SST during whole SOP1 with special attention to the intensive precipitation event in Rijeka. Forecast runs in both resolutions are performed for the whole SOP1 using different SST fields prescribed at initial time and kept constant during the model forecast. Categorical verification of 24 h accumulated precipitation did not show substantial improvement in verification scores when more realistic SST was used. Furthermore, the results show that the impact of introducing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1915357K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1915357K"><span>Coastal <span class="hlt">seas</span> as resource for Blue Growth - Smart<span class="hlt">Sea</span> project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kotilainen, Aarno; Alvi, Kimmo; Boman, Anton; Hämäläinen, Jyrki; Kaskela, Anu; Rantataro, Jyrki; Vallius, Henry; Virtasalo, Joonas</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Blue growth is a long term strategy of the European Union (EU) to enhance the sustainable growth of the maritime sector. Our surrounding <span class="hlt">seas</span> have been drivers for the European economy for a long time, but still they have great potential for further exploiting of natural resources and economic growth. Especially if the growth can be achieved in an environmentally sustainable way, benefits are obvious. It has been estimated that improvement of the state of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> would until 2030 create 900 000 jobs in the whole Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> area, mainly in Blue Tech, tourism, real estate and building businesses (Dahlgren et al. 2015). However, coastal <span class="hlt">seas</span> already experience multiple stressors like off-shore construction, pollution, eutrophication, shipping, over-fishing, and climate change. In order to obtain sustainable Blue Growth, it is necessary to localize and assess the current maritime activities, estimate their growth potential, and investigate their present and future effects on each other and on the marine environment. The purpose of the Smart<span class="hlt">Sea</span> project is to support the growth of commercial marine activities in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia region, in the northern Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia is an essential resource in terms of fish farming and wind power, for example, and it is also possible to make use of the geological resources of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Moreover, the rapid growth of the commercial marine activities and the consequences of the climate change may lead to conflicts between the different activities and harm the marine ecosystem of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia. The Smart<span class="hlt">Sea</span> project aims to identify these risks and find solutions for the sustainable use of the <span class="hlt">sea</span>. Smart<span class="hlt">Sea</span> project is funded by the Strategic Research Council of Academy of Finland, grant No: 292 985. The project will last for six years (2015-2020) and its funding totals nearly 8 million euros. The project involves close to 40 researchers from eight different institutions: the Finnish Meteorological Institute</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-41g-120-180.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-41g-120-180.html"><span>Panoramic Sinai Peninsula, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1984-10-13</p> <p>An excellent panoramic view of the entire Sinai Peninsula (29.0N, 34.0E) and the nearby Nile River Delta and eastern Mediterranean coastal region. The Suez Canal, at the top of the scene just to the right of the Delta, connects the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> with the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez on the west side of the Sinai Peninsula and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba is on the west where they both flow into the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. At upper right, is the Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Jordan River and Lake Tiberius.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ECSS...70..307P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ECSS...70..307P"><span>Potentially harmful microalgal distribution in an area of the NW <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastline: Sampling procedure and correlations with environmental factors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Penna, Antonella; Ingarao, Cristina; Ercolessi, Manuela; Rocchi, Marco; Penna, Nunzio</p> <p>2006-10-01</p> <p>In this study, the trend of potentially Harmful Algal (HA) taxa (genera and species), was analysed along a coastal area of the NW <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> on a monthly scale. The study included the use of a phytoplankton net for sample collection. The investigation was carried out in four sampling stations characterised by different ecological features. The composition of potentially HA phytoplankton taxa and their succession were related to the environmental factors. The potentially HA group abundance accounted for 8% of all the phytoplankton taxa considered. Multivariate analyses of environmental factors suggested that potentially HA taxa are sensitive to phosphate content: potential DSP-YTX (Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning-Yessotoxin) producers were positively correlated with P content ( p = 0.023), while potential ASP (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) producers were negatively correlated with P content ( p = 0.006). Phosphorus could be considered to be the limiting factor for phytoplankton taxa density in the NW <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. There was a highly positive correlation between the occurrences of potentially HA taxa and low values of salinity ( p = 0.001 for potential producers of ASP, p = 0.029 for potential DSP-YTX producers). The counting of potential HA dinoflagellates in net samples represented a more accurate estimation of potential HA abundances in the water column making it possible to concentrate a greater number of potential HA dinoflagellate cells by net sampling along the entire water column rather than by sampling only at the surface as in routine monitoring procedures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1916546A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1916546A"><span>Messinian post-evaporitic paleogeography of the Po Plain-<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region by 3D numerical modeling: implications for the Central Mediterranean desiccation during the MSC</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Amadori, Chiara; Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel; Di Giulio, Andrea; Fantoni, Roberto; Ghielmi, Manlio; Sternai, Pietro; Toscani, Giovanni</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>In the last decades the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) has been the topic of a number of studies, in particular in onshore areas, as they offer a unique opportunity to analyze the controlling factors and the geological consequences of the estimated 1.5 km <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level drop. During the MSC, the geometry of western and eastern sides of the Mediterranean basin was similar to the present day basin while, important changes took place in the central portion as a consequence of the (still ongoing) tectonic activity of the Apennine domain. Recent high-resolution 2D seismo-stratigraphic and 1D backstripping analysis by Eni E&P group described a step-wise <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level lowering during evaporitic and post-evaporitic MSC phases in the Po Plain-Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> foreland (PPAF), with a <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level drop not exceeding 900 m. Thanks to a dense grid of 2D seismic profiles, integrated with ca. 200 well logs (confidential data, courtesy of ENI E&P), a 3D reconstruction of the entire northern PPAF basin geometry and the facies distribution during the Latest Messinian time has been carried out. In this study, we performed a 3D backstripping and lithospheric scale uplift calculations of the northern PPAF basin testing the 800-900m of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level draw down. The resulted restored Latest Messinian paleotopography (corresponding to the bottom Pliocene in the most of the study area) and related shoreline position, strongly fit with the recentmost continental/marine facies distribution maps. The latest Messinian morphology shows deep marine basins persisting during the entire MSC period, filled by clastic turbiditic sediments and a wide emerged area along the Southern Alps margin and Friulian-Venetian basin. A 3D reconstruction of the Latest Messinian surface shows peculiar river incisions along the Southern Alps margin; these V-shape canyons perfectly fit with the present day fluvial network, dating back the drainage origin at least at the Messinian acme. Moreover, if in a well-constrained marginal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28915493','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28915493"><span>In situ spectral response of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman coastal waters to bio-optical properties.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Al Shehhi, Maryam R; Gherboudj, Imen; Ghedira, Hosni</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Mapping of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) over the coastal waters of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman using the satellite-based observations, such as MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer), has shown inferior performance (Chl-a overestimation) than that of deep waters. Studies in the region have shown that this poor performance is due to three reasons: (i) water turbidity (sediments re-suspension), and the presence of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), (ii) bottom reflectance and (iii) incapability of the existing atmospheric correction models to reduce the effect of the aerosols from the water leaving radiance. Therefore, this work focuses on investigating the sensitivity of the in situ spectral signatures of these coastal waters to the algal (chlorophyll: Chl-a), non-algal (sediments and CDOM) and the bottom reflectance properties, in absence of contributions from the atmosphere. Consequently, the collected in situ spectral signatures will improve our understanding of Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman water properties. For this purpose, comprehensive field measurements were carried out between 2013 and 2016, over Abu-Dhabi (Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>) and Fujairah (<span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman) where unique water quality data were collected. Based on the in situ water spectral analysis, the bottom reflectance (water depth<20m) are found to degrade the performance of the conventional ocean color algorithms more than the sediment-laden waters where these waters increase the R rs at the blue and red ranges. The increasing presence of CDOM markedly decreases the R rs in the blue range, which is conflicting with the effect of Chl-a. Given the inadequate performance of the widely used ocean-color algorithms (OC3: ocean color 3, OC2: ocean color 2) in retrieving Chl-a in these very shallow coastal waters, therefore, a new algorithm is proposed here based on a 3-bands ratio approach using [R rs (656) -1 -R rs (506) -1 ]×R rs (661). The selected optimum bands (656nm, 506nm, and 661nm) from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/966438','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/966438"><span>Support of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Hydrate Research Consortium: Activities of Support Establishment of a <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Floor Monitoring Station Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>J. Robert Woolsey; Thomas McGee; Carol Lutken</p> <p>2008-05-31</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium (GOM-HRC) was established in 1999 to assemble leaders in gas hydrates research that shared the need for a way to conduct investigations of gas hydrates and their stability zone in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico in situ on a more-or-less continuous basis. The primary objective of the group is to design and emplace a remote monitoring station or <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor observatory (SFO) on the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, in an area where gas hydrates are known to be present at, or just below, the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor and to discover themore » configuration and composition of the subsurface pathways or 'plumbing' through which fluids migrate into and out of the hydrate stability zone (HSZ) to the sediment-water interface. Monitoring changes in this zone and linking them to coincident and perhaps consequent events at the seafloor and within the water column is the eventual goal of the Consortium. This mission includes investigations of the physical, chemical and biological components of the gas hydrate stability zone - the <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor/sediment-water interface, the near-<span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor water column, and the shallow subsurface sediments. The eventual goal is to monitor changes in the hydrate stability zone over time. Establishment of the Consortium succeeded in fulfilling the critical need to coordinate activities, avoid redundancies and communicate effectively among those involved in gas hydrates research. Complementary expertise, both scientific and technical, has been assembled to promote innovative methods and construct necessary instrumentation. Following extensive investigation into candidate sites, Mississippi Canyon 118 (MC118) was chosen by consensus of the Consortium at their fall, 2004, meeting as the site most likely to satisfy all criteria established by the group. Much of the preliminary work preceding the establishment of the site - sensor development and testing, geophysical surveys, and laboratory studies - has been reported in agency</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331266','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331266"><span>Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in some edible marine organisms from the Central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Perugini, M; Cavaliere, M; Giammarino, A; Mazzone, P; Olivieri, V; Amorena, M</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) were found in tissue of marine organisms such as Mediterranean mussel, Norway lobster, red mullet, common cuttle-fish, European flying squid, European anchovy, European pilchard and Atlantic mackerel, coming from two sites along the Abruzzo coast of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Species were selected due to their habitat, trophic level, feeding behaviour and their use in the Italian diet. Mussels, filter feeder and sedentary organisms, were used in order to test water pollution whereas Norway lobster and red mullet (benthic fish) were used in order to test sediment pollution. The concentration of ?PCBs exceeded that of ?OCs in the samples analysed. The highest concentrations of ?PCBs (1415 ng/g lipid weight) and ?OCs (507 ng/g lipid weight) were found in pilchard while the lowest concentrations of the same pollutants were found in cephalopods. Our results have shown that species such as anchovy, pilchard and mackerel, were the most polluted due to their location at the last level of the trophic chain. All samples contained different concentrations of PCBs and among these, congeners 153 and 138 were the most representative. Among the OCs, except for the cuttle-fish, the highest concentrations were found for p,p(')-DDE and p,p(')-DDD that are metabolite of DDT. The prevailing DDE presence, compared to DDT (high DDE/DDT ratio), suggested that the biotransformation rate of pollutants was very efficacious in fish and above all in crustaceans. Results have also been interpreted in terms of geographical distribution and organisms' biological cycle. None of the samples analysed exceeded the tolerance limits established by the OCs Italian legislation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1050B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1050B"><span>Last interglacial <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels and regional tectonics from fossil coral reefs at the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bar, N.; Agnon, A.; Yehudai, M.; Lazar, B.; Shaked, Y.; Stein, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Elevated fossil reef terraces along the northeast coast of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba (GOA) illuminate the history of tectonic uplift and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level changes during the last interglacial period. The terraces comprise fringing reefs, some with clear reef structure that includes a reef flat and a shallow back lagoon accurately marking <span class="hlt">sea</span>-levels. U-Th ages of precipitation of aragonitic corals and recrystallization of aragonite to calcite corals from three terraces are used to constrain the local <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level pattern. Terrace R3 was probably formed during an earlier stage of MIS5e at 130-132 ka and recrystallized to calcite at 124±8 ka. Terrace R2, comprising a wide and developed reef flat, formed during a stable <span class="hlt">sea</span> level of MIS5e at 129-121 ka and recrystallized to calcite at 104±6 ka. Terrace R1 formed during a short still-stand at 117 ka. All terraces formed when <span class="hlt">sea</span> level was a few meters above the modern GOA level. The recrystallization age of Terrace R2 implies that at around 104±6 ka (MIS5c) <span class="hlt">sea</span> level was close to its MIS5e elevation. The tectonic setting is superimposed by local faulting that caused small vertical displacements within the terraces. The elevation and ages of the reef flats indicate a slow average uplift, 0.12±0.05 m/kyr, similar to rates inferred for other reef terraces along GOA and the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. This implies an overall long-term slow tectonic uplift of the Arabian lithosphere during the late Quaternary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21235547','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21235547"><span>Temporal and spatial variability of pelagic wild fish assemblages around Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus farms in the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Segvić Bubić, T; Grubišić, L; Tičina, V; Katavić, I</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The abundance and size structure of wild fishes aggregated around the <span class="hlt">sea</span>-cages of two commercial Thunnus thynnus farms, including control locations, were assessed and compared over a 1 year period. The T. thynnus farms were located in the eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, offshore of the islands of Ugljan and Brač. Fish assemblages were evaluated through visual census using scuba at 2 month intervals at two sites within each farm. The data suggest that wild fish assemblages at the study sites differed greatly; 20 species occurred at the Ugljan farm and 17 at the Brač farm, while only seven species were observed at the control locations. The abundance and diversity of wild fish assemblages were greater at the farms in comparison to control locations. The most abundant families were Sparidae and Belonidae (>80% of aggregated fishes). At both farms, the abundance and diversity of wild fishes were highest during summer, while diversity was lowest in winter and was mainly characterized by schools of bogue Boops boops and garfish Belone belone. Variability was also detected in spatial assemblages between farms; B. boops and B. belone were the most abundant species for the overall study at the Brač farm, while B. belone and saddled bream Oblada melanura were the most abundant at the Ugljan farm. The settlement also played a significant role in farm-associated fish assemblages, as both juveniles and advanced juveniles were common residents at farms. The majority of species which settled at the farms belonged to the sparids. Results indicate that aggregations of wild fishes at T. thynnus farms are persistent year-round, though the assemblage compositions and size structures of dominant species vary in respect to location and season. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology © 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020052190&hterms=sea+world&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dsea%2Bworld','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020052190&hterms=sea+world&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dsea%2Bworld"><span>Land Surface Data Assimilation and the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Land/<span class="hlt">Sea</span> Breeze</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lapenta, William M.; Blackwell, Keith; Suggs, Ron; McNider, Richard T.; Jedlovec, Gary; Kimball, Sytske; Arnold, James E. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>A technique has been developed for assimilating GOES-derived skin temperature tendencies and insolation into the surface energy budget equation of a mesoscale model so that the simulated rate of temperature change closely agrees with the satellite observations. A critical assumption of the technique is that the availability of moisture (either from the soil or vegetation) is the least known term in the model's surface energy budget. Therefore, the simulated latent heat flux, which is a function of surface moisture availability, is adjusted based upon differences between the modeled and satellite observed skin temperature tendencies. An advantage of this technique is that satellite temperature tendencies are assimilated in an energetically consistent manner that avoids energy imbalances and surface stability problems that arise from direct assimilation of surface shelter temperatures. The fact that the rate of change of the satellite skin temperature is used rather than the absolute temperature means that sensor calibration is not as critical. The <span class="hlt">sea</span>/land breeze is a well-documented mesoscale circulation that affects many coastal areas of the world including the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast of the United States. The focus of this paper is to examine how the satellite assimilation technique impacts the simulation of a <span class="hlt">sea</span> breeze circulation observed along the Mississippi/Alabama coast in the spring of 2001. The technique is implemented within the PSU/NCAR MM5 V3-4 and applied on a 4-km domain for this particular application. It is recognized that a 4-km grid spacing is too coarse to explicitly resolve the detailed, mesoscale structure of <span class="hlt">sea</span> breezes. Nevertheless, the model can forecast certain characteristics of the observed <span class="hlt">sea</span> breeze including a thermally direct circulation that results from differential low-level heating across the land-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interface. Our intent is to determine the sensitivity of the circulation to the differential land surface forcing produced via the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EOSTr..93..456A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EOSTr..93..456A"><span>Assessing the response of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast to global change</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, John B.; Törnqvist, Torbjörn E.; Day, John</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coastal Science Consortium Workshop;Houston, Texas, 28-29 June 2012 The newly formed <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coastal Science Consortium held its first workshop at Rice University. The creation of the consortium was prompted by two recent incidents. One incident involved censorship of a book chapter on Galveston Bay by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality that omitted all references to climate change and accelerated <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise. The other incident was the adoption of legislation in North Carolina that requires planners and developers to assume a linear <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise projection, despite compelling scientific evidence for a multifold increase in <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise in historical time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997GeoRL..24.2561R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997GeoRL..24.2561R"><span>Tracer signals of the intermediate layer of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rhein, Monika; Stramma, Lothar; Plähn, Olaf</p> <p></p> <p>In 1995, hydrographic and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs, components F11, F12) measurements were carried out in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, and in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, the F12 concentrations in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> outflow (PGW) at about 300m depth were significantly higher than in ambient surface water with saturations reaching 270%. These high values could not be caused by air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> gas exchange. The outflow was probably contaminated with oil, and the lipophilic character of the CFCs could then lead to the observed supersaturations. The intermediate F12 maximum decreased rapidly further east and south. At the Strait of Bab el Mandeb in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow (RSW) was saturated with F12 to about 65% at 400m depth, and decreased to 50% while descending to 800m depth. The low saturation is not surprising, because the outflow contains deep and intermediate water masses from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> which were isolated from the surface for some time. The tracer contributions to the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> for Indian Central Water (ICW) and PGW are about equal, while below 500m depth the RSW contribution greatly exceeds ICW. Modeling the CFC budget of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the inflow of ICW north of 12°N is estimated to be 1-6 Sv, depending mainly on the strength of the flow of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water into the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC54B..03H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC54B..03H"><span>Combined impacts of tidal energy extraction and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hashemi, M. R.; Kresning, B.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to assess the combined effects of SLR and tidal energy extraction on the dynamics of tides in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine in both US and Canadian waters. The dynamics of tides in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine is dominated by tidal resonance, which generates one of the largest tidal ranges in the world. Further, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise (SLR) is affecting tidal circulations globally, and in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine. A large tidal energy resource is available in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine, particularly in the Bay of Fundy, and is expected to be harvested in the future. Currently, more than 6 projects are operational or under development in this region (in both US and Canadian waters). Understanding the far-field impacts of tidal-stream arrays is important for future development of tidal energy extraction. The impacts include possible changes in water elevation, which can potentially increase flooding in coastal areas. Further, SLR can affect tidal energy resources and the impacts of tidal energy extraction during the project lifetime - which is usually more than 25 years. A tidal model of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine was developed using Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) at one arcminute scale. An array of turbines were simulated in the model. After validation of the model at NOAA tidal gauge stations and NERACOOS buoys, several scenarios; including SLR scenario, and tidal extraction scenario, were examined. In particular, the results of a recent research was used to assess the impacts of SLR on the boundary of the model domain, which was neglected in previous studies. The results of the impacts of the tidal energy extraction with and without the SLR were presented, and compared with those from literature. This includes the decrease of tidal range and M2 amplitude in Minas Basin due to the 2.5 GW extraction scenario, and possible changes in Massachusetts coastal area. The impacts were compared with the level of uncertainty in the model. It was shown that the impact of SLR on the dynamics of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016OcSci..12..843K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016OcSci..12..843K"><span>Upwelling characteristics in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland (Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) as revealed by Ferrybox measurements in 2007-2013</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kikas, Villu; Lips, Urmas</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Ferrybox measurements have been carried out between Tallinn and Helsinki in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland (Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) on a regular basis since 1997. The system measures autonomously water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a fluorescence and turbidity and takes water samples for further analyses at a predefined time interval. We aimed to show how the Ferrybox technology could be used to study the coastal upwelling events in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland. Based on the introduced upwelling index and related criteria, 33 coastal upwelling events were identified in May-September 2007-2013. The number of events, as well as the frequency of their occurrence and intensity expressed as a sum of daily average temperature deviations in the 20 km wide coastal area, were almost equal near the northern and southern coasts. Nevertheless, the wind impulse, which was needed to generate upwelling events of similar intensity, differed between the northern and southern coastal areas. It is suggested that the general thermohaline structure adapted to the prevailing forcing and the estuarine character of the basin weaken the upwelling created by the westerly to southwesterly (up-estuary) winds and strengthen the upwelling created by the easterly to northeasterly (down-estuary) winds. Two types of upwelling events were identified - one characterized by a strong temperature front and the other revealing gradual decrease in temperature from the open <span class="hlt">sea</span> to the coastal area, with maximum temperature deviation close to the shore.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFMOS23C1323M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFMOS23C1323M"><span>Sediment Resuspension and Transport During Bora in the Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coastal Current</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mullenbach, B. L.; Geyer, W. R.; Sherwood, C. R.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>The Western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Coastal Current (WACC) is an important agent for along-shelf transport of sediment and fresh water in the western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The WACC is driven by a combination of buoyancy forcing from the Po River (northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>) and wind forcing from northeasterly Bora winds. The large seasonal pulse of freshwater (during the winter) from the Po River influences WACC strength; however, preliminary results from current measurements and model runs indicate that the WACC responds quickly and strongly to Bora wind events, with a strengthening of the current moving southward. Along-margin sediment transport to the south is significantly increased as a result of Bora wind events, presumably because of enhanced wave resuspension and WACC velocity. Elevated sediment fluxes have been observed in both the upper water column (i.e., core of the WACC) and bottom boundary layer (BBL) during these events, which suggests that wind-driven currents may be coupled with the near-bottom transport. This study addresses the interaction of the WACC with the BBL and the impact of this interaction on sediment transport in the western <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. Two benthic tripods were deployed from November 2002 to June 2003 on an across-shelf transect near the Chienti River (at 10 and 20-m water depth), in the region where WACC begins to intensify (200 km south of Po River). Continuous measurements of suspended sediment concentration and current velocity were recorded in the upper-water column and BBL to document sediment transport events. A time series of sediment fluxes and shear velocities (from currents only, u*c; from waves and currents, u*wc) were calculated from these data. Results show that suspended sediment concentrations near the seabed (few cmab) during Bora wind events are strongly correlated with u*wc, which supports a previous hypothesis that wave resuspension (rather than direct fluvial input) is responsible for much of the suspended sediment available for transport southward</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19071363','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19071363"><span>Strong copper(II) species in estuarine and <span class="hlt">sea</span> waters investigated by a method with high detection window.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alberti, Giancarla; Biesuz, Raffaela; D'Agostino, Girolamo; Scarponi, Giuseppe; Pesavento, Maria</p> <p>2007-02-15</p> <p>The distribution of copper(II) in species of different stability in some estuarine and <span class="hlt">sea</span> water samples (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) was investigated by a method based on the sorption of the metal ion on a strongly sorbing resin, Chelex 100, whose sorbing properties have been previously characterized. From them, it is possible to predict very high values of detection windows at the considered conditions, for example side reaction coefficient as high as 10(10) at pH 7.5. Strong copper(II) species in equilibrium with Chelex 100 were detected, at concentration 2-20nM, with a reaction coefficient approximately 10(10.6) at pH 7.45 in <span class="hlt">sea</span> water, strictly depending on the acidity. They represent 50-70% of the total metal ion and are the strongest copper(II) complexes found in <span class="hlt">sea</span> water. Weak complexes too were detected in all the samples, with reaction coefficient lower than ca. 10(9) at the same pH. The method applied, named resin titration (RT), was described in a previous investigation, and is here modified in order to be carried out on oceanographic boat during a cruise in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015972','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015972"><span>Evidence against a late Wisconsinan ice shelf in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Oldale, R.N.; Williams, R.S.; Colman, Steven M.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Proposals for the formation of a late Wisconsinan ice shelf in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine during the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet are considered to be inappropriate. An Antarctic-type ice shelf does not fit the field data that indicate temperate glacial, terrestrial, and marine climates for the region between 18 ka and 12 ka. A temperate ice shelf has no modern analogues and may be physically impossible. The preponderance of stratified drift in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine region supports temperate climates during late Wisconsinan time. It also indicates that glacial meltwater, rather than ice in either an ice sheet or ice shelf, was the primary transport mechanism of glacial sediment and the source for the glaciomarine mud. For these reasons we have proposed glacial analogues for the deglaciation of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine that consist of temperate or subpolar marine-based glaciers, characterized by depositional environments dominated by meltwater discharge directly to the <span class="hlt">sea</span> or the <span class="hlt">sea</span> by way of subaerial meltwater streams. These analogues include Alaskan fjord glaciers, glaciers on the Alaskan continental shelf that discharged meltwater directly into the <span class="hlt">sea</span> in the not too distant past, and Austfonna (Nordaustandet, Svalbard, Norway) that is presently discharging meltwater in the <span class="hlt">sea</span> along a grounded ice wall. This last example is the best modern-day analogue for the depositional environment for most of the glaciomarine mud in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine and deglaciation of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. </p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001423&hterms=snow+pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dsnow%2Bpollution','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001423&hterms=snow+pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dsnow%2Bpollution"><span>Early Spring Dust over the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Sea</span>-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (<span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS) observed this large cloud of dust (brownish pixels) blowing from northern Africa across the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> on March 4, 2002. The dust can be seen clearly blowing across Southern Italy, Albania, Greece, and Turkey-all along the Mediterranean's northeastern shoreline. Notice that there also appears to be human-made aerosol pollution (greyish pixels) pooling in the air just south of the Italian Alps and blowing southeastward over the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The Alps can be easily identified as the crescent-shaped, snow-capped mountain range in the top center of this true-color scene. There also appears to be a similar haze over Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia to the north and east of Italy. Image courtesy the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24405733','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24405733"><span>The effects of oil exposure on peripheral blood leukocytes and splenic melano-macrophage centers of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico fishes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ali, Ahmad Omar; Hohn, Claudia; Allen, Peter J; Ford, Lorelei; Dail, Mary Beth; Pruett, Stephen; Petrie-Hanson, Lora</p> <p>2014-02-15</p> <p>In August and November 2010 we collected and examined peripheral blood and tissues from three species of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico fish. Findings were compared to non-exposed control fish. The leukocyte counts of exposed alligator gar were not significantly different from controls, while exposed <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> killifish and <span class="hlt">sea</span> trout had significantly decreased lymphocyte counts. Liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) values from <span class="hlt">sea</span> trout were significantly greater than control <span class="hlt">sea</span> trout EROD values, suggesting poly aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. Splenic melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) from exposed <span class="hlt">sea</span> trout and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> killifish showed a significant increase in number compared to non-exposed fish. <span class="hlt">Sea</span> trout splenic MMCs were also significantly greater in size. These findings suggest that <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> fish sampled were exposed to crude oil from the Macondo well and were in a lymphopenic or immuno-compromised state. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.6352P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.6352P"><span>Importance of ocean mesoscale variability for air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interactions in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Putrasahan, D. A.; Kamenkovich, I.; Le Hénaff, M.; Kirtman, B. P.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Mesoscale variability of currents in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (GoM) can affect oceanic heat advection and air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> heat exchanges, which can influence climate extremes over North America. This study is aimed at understanding the influence of the oceanic mesoscale variability on the lower atmosphere and air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> heat exchanges. The study contrasts global climate model (GCM) with 0.1° ocean resolution (high resolution; HR) with its low-resolution counterpart (1° ocean resolution with the same 0.5° atmosphere resolution; LR). The LR simulation is relevant to current generation of GCMs that are still unable to resolve the oceanic mesoscale. Similar to observations, HR exhibits positive correlation between <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature (SST) and surface turbulent heat flux anomalies, while LR has negative correlation. For HR, we decompose lateral advective heat fluxes in the upper ocean into mean (slowly varying) and mesoscale-eddy (fast fluctuations) components. We find that the eddy flux divergence/convergence dominates the lateral advection and correlates well with the SST anomalies and air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> latent heat exchanges. This result suggests that oceanic mesoscale advection supports warm SST anomalies that in turn feed surface heat flux. We identify anticyclonic warm-core circulation patterns (associated Loop Current and rings) which have an average diameter of 350 km. These warm anomalies are sustained by eddy heat flux convergence at submonthly time scales and have an identifiable imprint on surface turbulent heat flux, atmospheric circulation, and convective precipitation in the northwest portion of an averaged anticyclone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://fwrc.msstate.edu/publications.asp','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://fwrc.msstate.edu/publications.asp"><span><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast vulnerability assessment: Mangrove, tidal emergent marsh, barrier islands and oyster reef</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Watson, Amanda; Reece, Joshua; Tirpak, Blair; Edwards, Cynthia Kallio; Geselbracht, Laura; Woodrey, Mark; LaPeyre, Megan K.; Dalyander, Patricia (Soupy)</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Climate, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, and urbanization are undergoing unprecedented levels of combined change and are expected to have large effects on natural resources—particularly along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coastline (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast). Management decisions to address these effects (i.e., adaptation) require an understanding of the relative vulnerability of various resources to these stressors. To meet this need, the four Landscape Conservation Cooperatives along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> partnered with the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Alliance to conduct this <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Vulnerability Assessment (GCVA). Vulnerability in this context incorporates exposure and sensitivity to threats (potential impact), coupled with the adaptive capacity to mitigate those threats. Potential impact and adaptive capacity reflect natural history features of target species and ecosystems. The GCVA used an expert opinion approach to qualitatively assess the vulnerability of four ecosystems: mangrove, oyster reef, tidal emergent marsh, and barrier islands, and a suite of wildlife species that depend on them. More than 50 individuals participated in the completion of the GCVA, facilitated via Ecosystem and Species Expert Teams. Of the species assessed, Kemp’s ridley <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle was identified as the most vulnerable species across the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast. Experts identified the main threats as loss of nesting habitat to <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, erosion, and urbanization. Kemp’s ridley also had an overall low adaptive capacity score due to their low genetic diversity, and higher nest site fidelity as compared to other assessed species. Tidal emergent marsh was the most vulnerable ecosystem, due in part to <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and erosion. In general, avian species were more vulnerable than fish because of nesting habitat loss to <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, erosion, and potential increases in storm surge. Assessors commonly indicated a lack of information regarding impacts due to projected changes in the disturbance regime, biotic interactions, and synergistic effects in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC13A1060H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC13A1060H"><span>On the Coastal Dynamics of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise: A case study in the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hagen, S. C.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>One of the most prominent aspects of global climate change is <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise (SLR). With over half of the U.S. population living within 50 miles of the coast, SLR has the potential to considerably impact both human and ecological habitats. Effects of SLR will be felt along coastal beaches, estuarine waters, barrier islands, submerged aquatic vegetation beds, sand and mud flats, oyster reefs and tidal and freshwater wetlands. The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coast sustains a diverse habitat including delta marshes, lower river floodplain forests, and oyster reefs, which provide critical habitats for many commercially important species. How we choose to study these complex processes and the adaptation tools that we develop may determine our ability to sustain the human and ecological habitats. The purpose of this presentation is to examine the dynamic effects of SLR to the coasts and coastal habitats of the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and to compare and contrast those results with a simpler bathtub model (static) approach. Dynamic assessments will be presented through integrated models representing wave, tidal, overland, bay and biological processes. The models are applied to regions of the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> to simulate hydrodynamic properties including waves, tides, and surge, and to estimate impacts to coastal marshes, wetlands and estuaries. Results strongly indicate the importance of simulating the dynamical processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698088"><span>Diversity and localization of bacterial symbionts in three whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from the east coast of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Skaljac, M; Zanić, K; Hrnčić, S; Radonjić, S; Perović, T; Ghanim, M</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>Several whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are cosmopolitan phloem-feeders that cause serious damage in numerous agricultural crops. All whitefly species harbor a primary bacterial symbiont and a diverse array of secondary symbionts which may influence several aspects of the insect's biology. We surveyed infections by secondary symbionts in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) from areas in the east cost of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Both the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) B. tabaci genetic groups were detected in Montenegro, whereas only the MED was confirmed in Croatia. Trialeurodes vaporariorum and S. phillyreae were found in all areas surveyed. MEAM1 and MED exhibited similarity to previously reported infections, while populations of T. vaporariorum from Montenegro harbored Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Cardinium in addition to previously reported Hamiltonella and Arsenopnohus. Siphoninus phillyreae harbored Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, Cardinium and Arsenophonus, with the latter appearing in two alleles. Multiple infections of all symbionts were common in the three insect species tested, with some reaching near fixation. Florescent in situ hybridization showed new localization patterns for Hamiltonella in S. phillyreae, and the morphology of the bacteriosome differed from that observed in other whitefly species. Our results show new infections with bacterial symbionts in the whitefly species studied. Infections with the same symbionts in reproductively isolated whitefly species confirm complex relationships between whiteflies and bacterial symbionts, and suggest possible horizontal transfer of some of these bacteria.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/896970','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/896970"><span>Support of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Hydrate Research Consortium: Activities to Support Establishment of a <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Floor Monitoring Station Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Carol Lutken</p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium (GOM-HRC) was established in 1999 to assemble leaders in gas hydrates research. The Consortium is administered by the Center for Marine Resources and Environmental Technology, CMRET, at the University of Mississippi. The primary objective of the group is to design and emplace a remote monitoring station or <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor observatory (MS/SFO) on the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico by the year 2007, in an area where gas hydrates are known to be present at, or just below, the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor. This mission, although unavoidably delayed by hurricanes and other disturbances,more » necessitates assembling a station that will monitor physical and chemical parameters of the marine environment, including <span class="hlt">sea</span> water and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor sediments, on a more-or-less continuous basis over an extended period of time. In 2005, biological monitoring, as a means of assessing environmental health, was added to the mission of the MS/SFO. Establishment of the Consortium has succeeded in fulfilling the critical need to coordinate activities, avoid redundancies and communicate effectively among researchers in the arena of gas hydrates research. Complementary expertise, both scientific and technical, has been assembled to promote innovative research methods and construct necessary instrumentation. The observatory has now achieved a microbial dimension in addition to the geophysical, geological, and geochemical components it had already included. Initial components of the observatory, a probe that collects pore-fluid samples and another that records <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor temperatures, were deployed in Mississippi Canyon 118 in May of 2005. Follow-up deployments, planned for fall 2005, had to be postponed due to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina (and later, Rita) on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast. Station/observatory completion, anticipated for 2007, will likely be delayed by at least one year. The CMRET has conducted several research cruises during this reporting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7513B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7513B"><span>An 11-year analysis of satellite retrievals of dust aerosol over the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Banks, Jamie; Brindley, Helen; Schepanski, Kerstin; Stenchikov, Georgiy</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>As enclosed <span class="hlt">seas</span> bordering two large desert regions, the Saharan and Arabian deserts, the maritime environments of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> are heavily influenced by the presence of desert dust aerosol. The inter-annual variability of dust presence over the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is analysed and presented, with respect to the summer-time latitudinal gradient in dust loading, which is at a maximum in the far south of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and at a minimum in the far north. Two satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) products from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments are used to quantify this loading over the region. Over an eleven-year period from 2005-2015 the July mean SEVIRI AODs at 630 nm vary between 0.48 and 1.45 in the southern half of the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, while in the north this varies between 0.22 and 0.66. Inter-retrieval offsets are observed to occur at higher dust loadings, with pronounced positive MODIS-SEVIRI AOD offsets at AODs greater than 1, indicating substantial and systematic differences between the retrievals over the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> at high dust loadings. These differences appear to be influenced in part by the differences in scattering angle range of the satellite measurements, implying that assumptions of particle shape introduce more substantial biases at the highest dust loadings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BGD....10.4367B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BGD....10.4367B"><span>Short-term post-mortality predation and scavenging and longer-term recovery after anoxia in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blasnig, M.; Riedel, B.; Zuschin, M.; Schiemer, L.; Stachowitsch, M.</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>In the Mediterranean, the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> shows most features known to promote late-summer hypoxia and anoxia. These features, along with anthropogenic eutrophication and marine snow events, have led to repeated benthic mortalities here. The present study was designed to document the post-anoxia macrofauna dynamics. We deployed an underwater instrument to induce small-scale anoxia in situ (total area 0.5 m2). Two time-lapse camera deployments examined short-term scavenging of the moribund and dead organisms (multi-species clumps consisting of sponges and ascidians) over a 3-day period (August 2008: 71.5 h, September 2008: 67.5 h). Longer-term recovery (2 yr) in the same two plots was examined with an independent photo-series. Predators and scavengers arrived in a distinct sequence. The first to arrive were demersal (Gobius niger, Serranus hepatus) and benthopelagic fishes (Diplodus vulgaris, Pagellus erythrinus), followed by hermit crabs (Paguristes eremita, showing a clear day/night rhythm in presence) and gastropods (Hexaplex trunculus). This sequence of arrival is attributed to the relative speeds of the organisms and their densities. The scavengers remained in dense aggregations (e.g. up to 33 P. eremita individuals at one time) as long as the dead organisms were available. The whole sessile fauna was largely removed or consumed within 7 (August plot) and 13 (September plot) days after anoxia. No macroepibenthic recovery took place in the experimental plots one and two years after anoxia. This study underlines the sensitivity of this soft-bottom community and supports calls for reducing additional anthropogenic disturbances such as damaging commercial fishing practices that impede recolonization and threaten benthic community structure and function over the long-term.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037464','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037464"><span>Evidence of multidecadal climate variability and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation from a <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico <span class="hlt">sea</span>-surface temperature-proxy record</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Poore, R.Z.; DeLong, K.L.; Richey, J.N.; Quinn, T.M.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>A comparison of a Mg/Ca-based <span class="hlt">sea</span>-surface temperature (SST)-anomaly record from the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, a calculated index of variability in observed North Atlantic SST known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and a tree-ring reconstruction of the AMO contain similar patterns of variation over the last 110 years. Thus, the multidecadal variability observed in the instrumental record is present in the tree-ring and Mg/Ca proxy data. Frequency analysis of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico SST record and the tree-ring AMO reconstruction from 1550 to 1990 found similar multidecadal-scale periodicities (???30-60 years). This multidecadal periodicity is about half the observed (60-80 years) variability identified in the AMO for the 20th century. The historical records of hurricane landfalls reveal increased landfalls in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast region during time intervals when the AMO index is positive (warmer SST), and decreased landfalls when the AMO index is negative (cooler SST). Thus, we conclude that alternating intervals of high and low hurricane landfall occurrences may continue on multidecadal timescales along the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast. However, given the short length of the instrumental record, the actual frequency and stability of the AMO are uncertain, and additional AMO proxy records are needed to establish the character of multidecadal-scale SST variability in the North Atlantic. ?? 2009 US Government.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JGRC..112.5047K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JGRC..112.5047K"><span>Effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on <span class="hlt">sea</span> level anomalies along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kennedy, Andrew J.; Griffin, Melissa L.; Morey, Steven L.; Smith, Shawn R.; O'Brien, James J.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>Analyses of daily <span class="hlt">sea</span> level data show the impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (GOM). Data from three stations (St. Petersburg, Florida, Pensacola, Florida, and Galveston, Texas), all of which have at least 50 years of daily observations, are processed to identify the interannual signals. Although low frequency (interannual) signals in the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level anomaly time series are not clearly evident, a low frequency modulation of the extreme anomaly events (upper 10% or lower 10% of the distributions) is identified. Results show that <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variability is seasonally dependent at all stations, with maximum variability in the winter months. In the eastern GOM, low <span class="hlt">sea</span> level events in the winter months are more frequent during El Niño (warm phase) conditions when compared to a neutral ENSO phase. This is consistent with ENSO-related changes in the location where extratropical atmospheric low pressure systems form and in the tracks of these weather systems. The impacts of tropical systems in the summer through early fall months on coastal <span class="hlt">sea</span> level in the GOM are shown by infrequent extreme high and low anomalies coinciding with individual storms. However, the number of storms affecting the data record from a particular <span class="hlt">sea</span> level station is too small to confirm ENSO-related variability. Statistical methods are employed to demonstrate a significant link between extreme <span class="hlt">sea</span> level anomalies in the GOM and ENSO during the October to March period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986RvGeo..24..537R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986RvGeo..24..537R"><span>The Geology of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf-Gulf</span> of Oman Region: A Synthesis (Paper 6R0118)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ross, David A.; Uchupi, Elazar; White, Robert S.</p> <p>1986-08-01</p> <p>During the Mesozoic most of the Arabian Peninsula, Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, south-western Iran, and eastern Iraq constituted the Arabian platform. Deformation of the Musandam Peninsula in the Late Cretaceous and mid-Tertiary by compression (subduction) from the east and southwest, collision of the Arabian platform and Eurasian plate along the Zagros Crush zone during the Oligocene or early Miocene, and emplacement of the Zagros Mountains by gravitational sliding during the Neogene and Pleistocene have reduced the platform area to the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Other factors that contributed to the reduction of the Arabian platform include the uplift of the Arabian Peninsula during the opening of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in the Tertiary, tectonism of the Infracambrian Hormuz salt, upwarp of the platform sediment cover by basement uplift and/or salt tectonics, and a 600- to 400-m drop in <span class="hlt">sea</span> level since the Cretaceous. At present, tectonism in the region is restricted to the northern edge of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman where the Arabian plate is subducting the Eurasian plate from the south and to the Zagros Crush zone where the Arabian and Eurasian plates are colliding with one another.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996E%26PSL.142...43L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996E%26PSL.142...43L"><span>Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> since the last glacial maximum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lambeck, Kurt</p> <p>1996-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span>-level change in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> since the time of the last maximum glaciation at about 18 000 yr BP is predicted to exhibit considerable spatial variability, because of the response of the Earth to glacial unloading of the distant ice sheets and to the meltwater loading of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> itself and the adjacent ocean. Models for these glacio-hydro-isostatic effects have been compared with observations of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level change and palaeoshoreline reconstructions of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> have been made. From the peak of the glaciation until about 14 000 yr BP the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is free of marine influence out to the edge of the Biaban Shelf. By 14 000 yr BP the Strait of Hormuz had opened up as a narrow waterway and by about 12 500 years ago the marine incursion into the Central Basin had started. The Western Basin flooded about 1000 years later. Momentary stillstands may have occurred during the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> flooding phase at about 11 300 and 10 500 yr BP. The present shorelines was reached shortly before 6000 yr ago and exceeded as relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rose 1-2 m above its present level, inundating the low-lying areas of lower Mesopotamia. These reconstructions have implications for models of the evolution of the Euphrates-Tigris-Karun delta, as well as for the movements of people and the timing of the earliest settlements in lower Mesopotamia. For example, the early <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> floor would have provided a natural route for people moving westwards from regions to the east of Iran from the late Palaeolithic to early Neolithic.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T44C..06D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T44C..06D"><span>High-resolution estimates of Nubia-Somalia plate motion since 20 Ma from reconstructions of the Southwest Indian Ridge, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>DeMets, C.; Merkuryev, S. A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>We estimate Nubia-Somalia rotations at ~1-Myr intervals for the past 20 Myr from newly available, high-resolution reconstructions of the Southwest Indian Ridge and reconstructions of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. The former rotations are based on many more data, extend farther back in time, and have more temporal resolution than has previously been the case. Nubia-Somalia plate motion has remained remarkably steady since 5.2 Ma. For example, at the northern end of the East Africa rift, our Nubia-Somalia plate motion estimates at six different times between 0.78 Ma and 5.2 Ma agree to within 3% with the rift-normal component of motion that is extrapolated from the recently estimated Saria et al. (2014) GPS angular velocity. Over the past 10.6 Myr, the Nubia-Somalia rotations predict 42±4 km of rift-normal extension across the northern segment of the Main Ethiopian Rift. This agrees with approximate minimum and maximum estimates of 40 km and 53 km for post-10.6-Myr extension from seismological surveys of this narrow part of the plate boundary and is also close to 55-km and 48±3 km estimates from published and our own reconstructions of the Nubia-Arabia and Somalia-Arabia seafloorspreading histories for the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. Our new rotations exclude at high confidence level two previously published estimates of Nubia-Somalia motion based on inversions of Chron 5n.2 along the Southwest Indian Ridge, which predict rift-normal extensions of 13±14 km and 129±16 km across the Main Ethiopian Rift since 11 Ma. Constraints on Nubia-Somalia motion before ~15 Ma are weaker due to sparse coverage of pre-15-Myr magnetic reversals along the Nubia-Antarctic plate boundary, but appear to require motion before 15 Ma. Nubia-Somalia rotations that we estimate from a probabilistic analysis of geometric and age constraints from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden are consistent with those determined from Southwest Indian Ridge data, particularly for the past 11 Myr. Nubia</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006CSR....26.1448A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006CSR....26.1448A"><span>The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow regulated by the Indian monsoon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aiki, Hidenori; Takahashi, Keiko; Yamagata, Toshio</p> <p>2006-08-01</p> <p>To investigate why the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> water overflows less in summer and more in winter, we have developed a locally high-resolution global OGCM with transposed poles in the Arabian peninsula and India. Based on a series of sensitivity experiments with different sets of idealized atmospheric forcing, the present study shows that the summer cessation of the strait outflow is remotely induced by the monsoonal wind over the Indian Ocean, in particular that over the western Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. During the southwest monsoon (May-September), thermocline in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden shoals as a result of coastal Ekman upwelling induced by the predominantly northeastward wind in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden and the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Because this shoaling is maximum during the southwest summer monsoon, the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> water is blocked at the Bab el Mandeb Strait by upwelling of the intermediate water of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden in late summer. The simulation also shows the three-dimensional evolution of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> water tongue at the mid-depths in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. While the tongue meanders, the discharged Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> outflow water (RSOW) (incoming Indian Ocean intermediate water (IOIW)) is always characterized by anticyclonic (cyclonic) vorticity, as suggested from the potential vorticity difference.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA514184','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA514184"><span>North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Tides: Observations, Variational Data Assimilation Modeling, and Linear Tide Dynamics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> ( Lee et al., 2005). In addition to the ADCP measurements of currents through- out the water column, bottom pressure (by ADCP or...of the year with low levels of stratification (Figure 2, Jeffries and Lee , 2007). Actual generation of internal tides in the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> would...Thompson, K.R., Teague, W. J., Jacobs, G.A., Suk, M.-S., Chang, K.-I., Lee , J.-C. and Choi, B.H. (2004): Data assimilation modeling of the barotropic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUSM.B11A..01C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUSM.B11A..01C"><span>Proposed <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Intensive Study on Carbon Fluxes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Coble, P. G.; Robbins, L.; Lohrenz, S.; Cai, W.</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico is an ideal site for the study of land-ocean carbon cycle coupling processes. A recent synthesis suggests that <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> CO2 flux may dominate the net flux of the entire North American margin because of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>'s large size and strong carbon signals. Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> waters appear to be a strong local CO2 sink due to high primary productivity stimulated by river input of anthropogenic nutrients from the North American continent. Nutrient discharge from the Mississippi River has been implicated in widespread hypoxia on the shelf. The surface drainage system of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> covers more than 60% of the U.S. and more than 40% of Mexico; thus, large-scale changes in land-use and water-management practices in both countries, as well as changes in temperature and rainfall due to climate change, will profoundly affect <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> carbon fluxes. Nevertheless, major sources of uncertainty in the North American carbon budget remain because of largely unsampled areas, undocumented key fluxes, such as air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> exchange of carbon dioxide, associated carbon fluxes, and poorly characterized control mechanisms. An intensive study in which the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is considered as a whole system, including watersheds, margins, open <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, overlying atmosphere, and underlying sediments, will be discussed. The study is best addressed using a three-pronged approach that incorporates remote sensing observations, field observations and experiments, and physical and biogeochemical modeling. Societal issues related to carbon management and land-use/land-change must be an integral part of such a study. International cooperation with Mexico, Canada, and Cuba will be essential for the success of this study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242233','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242233"><span>Heavy metal (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Se) concentrations in muscle and bone of four commercial fish caught in the central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Italy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Perugini, Monia; Visciano, Pierina; Manera, Maurizio; Zaccaroni, Annalisa; Olivieri, Vincenzo; Amorena, Michele</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Se) concentrations in the muscle and bone of four fish species (Mullus barbatus, Merluccius merluccius, Micromesistius poutassou, and Scomber scombrus) from the central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> were measured and the relationships between fish size (length and weight) and metal concentrations in the tissues were investigated. Samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry with automatic dual viewing. In the muscle, results of linear regression analysis showed that, except for mercury, significant relationships between metal concentrations and fish size were negative. Only mercury levels were positively correlated with Atlantic mackerel size (p < 0.05). No significant variations of heavy metal concentrations were observed in muscles of the examined species, but a significant difference (p < 0.01) was found for As, Cd, Pb, and Se concentrations in bone. All the investigated metals showed higher values in the muscle than in bone, except for lead and zinc. Regarding cadmium, lead, and mercury maximum levels, set for the edible portion by European legislation, several samples exceeded these values, confirming the heavy metal presence in species caught near the Jabuka Pit.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0050m/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0050m/report.pdf"><span>Petroleum systems of the Po Basin Province of northern Italy and the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>; Porto Garibaldi (biogenic), Meride/Riva di Solto (thermal), and Marnoso Arenacea (thermal)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lindquist, Sandra J.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>The Porto Garibaldi total petroleum system dominates the Po Basin Province of onshore northern Italy and offshore Italy and Croatia in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Porto Garibaldi contains Pliocene (primarily) and Pleistocene (secondarily) biogenic gas ? approximately 16 TCF (2.66 BBOE) ultimately recoverable ? accumulated in co-eval siliciclastic reservoirs. This area was the northwestern edge of the Gondwanan (African) continental plate in pre-Hercynian time until the assembly of Pangea, a dominantly carbonate passive continental margin during the Mesozoic breakup of Pangea, and a Cenozoic collision zone with siliciclastic foredeep and foreland regions surrounded by thrust belts. At least two other petroleum systems, with Triassic (Meride / Riva di Solto) and Miocene (Marnoso Arenacea) source rocks, contribute oil and thermal gas reserves (nearly 1 BBOE) to the province. The major time of hydrocarbon expulsion of the thermal systems was Late Neogene during the Alpine and Apennine orogenies. Local Mesozoic oil expulsion from Triassic rocks also occurred, but those oils either were not trapped or were leaked from faulty traps through time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1411885V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1411885V"><span>Total assemblages of benthic foraminifera from a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate inner shelf; preliminary results from the bays of Soline and Nin (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Croatia)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vidović, J.; Ćosović, V.; Juračić, M.; Benac, Č.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> shelf is mixed siliciclastic/carbonate area with a great proportion of carbonate biogenous production. This study presents analysis and comparison of total benthic foraminiferal assemblages (their composition, diversity and distribution) in surface sediments from two Eastern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> shallow water bays (Soline and Nin Bay), sampled seasonally from 2006 to 2008. In order to characterize the carbonate sediment production, 62 samples along the bathymetric profiles (from 2 to 20 m) were collected by scuba diving with short PVC corers. Granulometrical analysis was done using method of wet sieving. Statistical analyses (cluster analysis, PCA) were performed using Past program. The most abundant biogenous components in different sediments from Soline Bay (muddy sandy gravel and mud) are foraminifera, followed by fragments of mollusks, gastropods, bryozoans and <span class="hlt">sea</span> urchins. Foraminiferal assemblages are high diversified as confirmed by Shannon-Wiener index varying from 2.14 to 3.39, Fisher α index from 5.74 to 16.30 and Equitability from 0.32 to 0.72. The shallowest part of the bay is covered with the sand, consisted of high proportion of siliciclastic component and impoverished in biogenous remnants. Foraminiferal assemblages have low diversity (Shannon-Wiener index 1.36, Fisher α index 2.31 and Equitability 0.32). Throughout Nin Bay, sediments (classified as sand, muddy sand and mud) are consisted of various biogenic remnants. Foraminiferal assemblages have high biodiversity, with Shannon-Wiener index varying from 2.51 to 3.20, α-Fisher index from 7.84 to 12.64 and Equitability from 0.37 to 0.77. Statistical analyses (cluster analysis and PCA) grouped foraminifera in two major assemblages, related to sediment type. On sandy and gravely substrates, assemblage is dominated by epifaunal genera and species: Quinqueloculina sp. (6-20%), Elphidium sp. (5-16%), Neoconorbina terquemi (6-10 %) and Asterigerinata mamilla (5-7%). Infaunal species, Ammonia</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://gulfcoastprairielcc.org/science/science-projects/gulf-coast-vulnerability-assessment/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://gulfcoastprairielcc.org/science/science-projects/gulf-coast-vulnerability-assessment/"><span>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Vulnerability Assessment: Mangrove, Tidal Emergent Marsh, Barrier Islands, and Oyster Reef</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Watson, Amanda; Reece, Joshua S.; Tirpak, Blair; Edwards, Cynthia Kallio; Geselbracht, Laura; Woodrey, Mark; LaPeyre, Megan K.; Dalyander, P. Soupy</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Climate, <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, and urbanization are undergoing unprecedented levels of combined change and are expected to have large effects on natural resources—particularly along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coastline (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast). Management decisions to address these effects (i.e., adaptation) require an understanding of the relative vulnerability of various resources to these stressors. To meet this need, the four Landscape Conservation Cooperatives along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> partnered with the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Alliance to conduct this <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Vulnerability Assessment (GCVA). Vulnerability in this context incorporates the aspects of exposure and sensitivity to threats, coupled with the adaptive capacity to mitigate those threats. Potential impact and adaptive capacity reflect natural history features of target species and ecosystems. The GCVA used an expert opinion approach to qualitatively assess the vulnerability of four ecosystems: mangrove, oyster reef, tidal emergent marsh, and barrier islands, and a suite of wildlife species that depend on them. More than 50 individuals participated in the completion of the GCVA, facilitated via Ecosystem and Species Expert Teams. Of the species assessed, Kemp’s ridley <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle was identified as the most vulnerable species across the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast. Experts identified the main threats as loss of nesting habitat to <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, erosion, and urbanization. Kemp’s ridley also had an overall low adaptive capacity score due to their low genetic diversity, and higher nest site fidelity as compared to other assessed species. Tidal emergent marsh was the most vulnerable ecosystem, due in part to <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and erosion. In general, avian species were more vulnerable than fish because of nesting habitat loss to <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, erosion, and potential increases in storm surge. Assessors commonly indicated a lack of information regarding impacts due to projected changes in the disturbance regime, biotic interactions, and synergistic effects in both</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176227','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176227"><span>Different Histories, Different Destinies‒Impact of Evolutionary History and Population Genetic Structure on Extinction Risk of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Spined Loaches (Genus Cobitis; Cypriniformes, Actinopterygii).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Buj, Ivana; Ćaleta, Marko; Marčić, Zoran; Šanda, Radek; Vukić, Jasna; Mrakovčić, Milorad</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The region of Balkans is often considered as an ichthyologic "hot spot", with a great number of species and high portion of endemics living in fresh waters in a relatively small area. The <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> watershed in Croatia and Herzegovina is inhabited by six spined loach species (genus Cobitis) whose extinction risk estimations were based solely on their extent of occurrence (and/or area of occupancy) and its fragmentation, and conservation proposals do not consider diversity below species level. In this investigation we employed molecular genetic methods to describe present genetic structure of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> spined loaches and reveal their demographic history. The divergence of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> lineages inside the genus Cobitis started in Miocene and lasted until Pleistocene epoch. Geological events responsible for shaping recent diversity of spined loaches in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> basin are: the Dinarid Mountains upwelling, the evolution of Dinaric Lake system, local tectonic activity, river connections during glaciations and differences in <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. Even though all the investigated species inhabit karstic rivers located in the same geographic area and that were subject of similar geological events, the results obtained reveal great differences in their genetic diversity and structure and point out the necessity of different conservation measures to ensure their future viability. High level of genetic polymorphism is characteristic for species located more to the south. Two species comprised of more than one population have completely different intraspecific structure; populations of C. illyrica are genetically distinct and represent separate evolutionary significant units, whereas intraspecific structure of C. narentana corresponds to metapopulational pattern. Without population genetic data, evolutionary significant units could be easily misidentified. Furthermore, the obtained results affirm that population genetic measurements are able to detect differences among closely</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.5077B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.5077B"><span>Assessment of current effect on waves in a semi-enclosed basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Benetazzo, A.; Carniel, S.; Sclavo, M.; Bergamasco, A.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The wave-current interaction process in the semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is studied using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system, which is used to exchange data fields between the ocean model ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) and the wave model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore). The 2-way data transfer between circulation and wave models is synchronous with ROMS providing current fields, free surface elevation, and bathymetry to SWAN. In particular, the 3-D current profiles are averaged using a formulation that integrates the near-surface velocity over a depth controlled by the spectral mean wave number. This coupling procedure is carried out up to coastal areas by means of an offline grid nesting. The parent grid covers the whole <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and has a horizontal resolution of 2.0 km, whereas the child grid resolution increases to 0.5 km but it is limited to the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Venice), where the current effect on waves is investigated. The most frequent winds blowing on the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are the so-called Bora and Sirocco which cause high waves in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, although Bora waves are generally fetch-limited. In fact, Bora winds blow orthogonal to the main basin axis (approximately aligned with the NW-SE direction), while Sirocco has large spatial scale being a southeasterly wind. For the numerical simulations, the meteorological forcings are provided by the operational meteorological model COSMO-I7, which is the Italian version of the COSMO Model, a mesoscale model developed in the framework of the COSMO Consortium. During the analysis period, the simulated wind, current and wave are compared with observations at the ISMAR oceanographic tower located off the Venice littoral. Wave heights and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface winds are also compared with satellite-derived data. To account for the variability of <span class="hlt">sea</span> states during a storm, the expected maximum individual wave height in a <span class="hlt">sea</span> storm with a given history is also</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70039994','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70039994"><span>Coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave simulations of a storm event over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lion and Balearic <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Renault, Lionel; Chiggiato, Jacopo; Warner, John C.; Gomez, Marta; Vizoso, Guillermo; Tintore, Joaquin</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The coastal areas of the North-Western Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are one of the most challenging places for ocean forecasting. This region is exposed to severe storms events that are of short duration. During these events, significant air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interactions, strong winds and large <span class="hlt">sea</span>-state can have catastrophic consequences in the coastal areas. To investigate these air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interactions and the oceanic response to such events, we implemented the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport Modeling System simulating a severe storm in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> that occurred in May 2010. During this event, wind speed reached up to 25 m.s-1 inducing significant <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface cooling (up to 2°C) over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lion (GoL) and along the storm track, and generating surface waves with a significant height of 6 m. It is shown that the event, associated with a cyclogenesis between the Balearic Islands and the GoL, is relatively well reproduced by the coupled system. A surface heat budget analysis showed that ocean vertical mixing was a major contributor to the cooling tendency along the storm track and in the GoL where turbulent heat fluxes also played an important role. Sensitivity experiments on the ocean-atmosphere coupling suggested that the coupled system is sensitive to the momentum flux parameterization as well as air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> and air-wave coupling. Comparisons with available atmospheric and oceanic observations showed that the use of the fully coupled system provides the most skillful simulation, illustrating the benefit of using a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave model for the assessment of these storm events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1139/ofr20171139.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1139/ofr20171139.pdf"><span>Deepwater Program: Lophelia II, continuing ecological research on deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> corals and deep-reef habitats in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Demopoulos, Amanda W.J.; Ross, Steve W.; Kellogg, Christina A.; Morrison, Cheryl L.; Nizinski, Martha S.; Prouty, Nancy G.; Bourque, Jill R.; Galkiewicz, Julie P.; Gray, Michael A.; Springmann, Marcus J.; Coykendall, D. Katharine; Miller, Andrew; Rhode, Mike; Quattrini, Andrea; Ames, Cheryl L.; Brooke, Sandra D.; McClain Counts, Jennifer; Roark, E. Brendan; Buster, Noreen A.; Phillips, Ryan M.; Frometa, Janessy</p> <p>2017-12-11</p> <p>The deep <span class="hlt">sea</span> is a rich environment composed of diverse habitat types. While deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> coral habitats have been discovered within each ocean basin, knowledge about the ecology of these habitats and associated inhabitants continues to grow. This report presents information and results from the Lophelia II project that examined deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> coral habitats in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The Lophelia II project focused on Lophelia pertusa habitats along the continental slope, at depths ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters. The chapters are authored by several scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of North Carolina Wilmington, and Florida State University who examined the community ecology (from microbes to fishes), deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> coral age, growth, and reproduction, and population connectivity of deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> corals and inhabitants. Data from these studies are presented in the chapters and appendixes of the report as well as in journal publications. This study was conducted by the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey to meet information needs identified by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27474903','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27474903"><span>Radioactivity and metal concentrations in marine sediments associated with mining activities in Ierissos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, North Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Greece.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pappa, F K; Tsabaris, C; Ioannidou, A; Patiris, D L; Kaberi, H; Pashalidis, I; Eleftheriou, G; Androulakaki, E G; Vlastou, R</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Marine sediment samples were collected from Ierissos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, N Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, close to the coastal mining facilities. Measurements of radionuclide and metal concentrations, mineral composition and grain size distribution were performed. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (235)U and trace metals showed enhanced values in the port of Stratoni compared with those obtained near to Ierissos port. The dose rates received by marine biota were also calculated by the ERICA Assessment Tool and the results indicated no significant radiological risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP33D1285B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP33D1285B"><span>Last interglacial (MIS5e) <span class="hlt">sea</span>-levels and uplift along the north-east <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>BAR (KOHN), N.; Stein, M.; Agnon, A.; Yehudai, M.; Lazar, B.; Shaked, Y.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>An uplifted flight of coral reef terraces, extending along the north-east margin of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba (GOA), provides evidence for uplift rates and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level high stands. GOA fills a narrow and deep tectonic depression lying along the southern sector of the Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Transform where it meets the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. This special configuration of the GOA and its latitude turn it into a dependable paleo-<span class="hlt">sea</span> level monitor, sensitive only to global eustatic changes and local tectonic movements. A sequence of five uplifted coral reef terraces were mapped and characterized on basis of morphology and reef-facies, and their elevation above the present <span class="hlt">sea</span> level was determined. The fossil reefs studied comprise fringing reefs, some with clear reef-structure that includes a reef flat and a shallow back lagoon. Most outcrops in the study area represent a transgressive sequence in which, during its highest stand, formed fringing reef terraces. We use U-Th ages of fossil corals samples found in growth position at various terraces. Corals from three uplifted reef terraces, R1, R2, and R3 were dated to the last interglacial period particularly to marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e. These ages were achieved from mainly calcitic corals (recrystallized in a freshwater phreatic environment). A few ages were derived from aragonite corals. The three terraces represent three sub-stages within MIS5e: R3 formed during a short standstill at ~130 ka BP; R2 formed during a long and steady standstill between ~128 to ~121 ka BP; and R1 represents a short standstill at ~117 ka BP. Assuming that terrace reef flats represent past <span class="hlt">sea</span> level high stands, we calculated the coast average uplift rate and constrained the original terraces elevations. The reconstructed eustatic <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variation during MIS 5e at GOA resembles observations from reef terraces in other locations. Combined, all indicate a significant <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise from the MIS 6 low stand at ~134-130 ka and followed by a long and stable <span class="hlt">sea</span> level high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1214727P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1214727P"><span>Isotopic signature of short term climate oscillations in the sediments of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gdansk (Southern Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Poland)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Paczek, Urszula; Tudyka, Konrad; Bałdys, Piotr; Pazdur, Anna</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gdańsk is a part of the southern Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> - an intra-continental, shallow arm of the Atlantic Ocean entirely located on continental crust. The <span class="hlt">gulf</span> occupies the area of ca. 5000 km2. Its northern border is a conventional line between the Cape Rozewie (Poland) and the Cape Taran (Russia). The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gdańsk is under impact of inflowing salty waters from the North <span class="hlt">Sea</span> but also there is a great effect of the Vistula River marked. The river is one of two the most important sources of material in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Cliffs erosion is the second one. The interplay of marine and land waters is multiplied by impact of two different climates - continental and maritime. The subject of intended research is a core of muddy sediments collected within the framework of project carried by the Branch of Marine Geology of the Polish Geological Institute in Gdańsk. The core was 300 cm long and was taken using Kullenberg core sampler in 2006 from the depth of 32 m. Since 2009 the research has been led in cooperation with the Department of Radioisotopes, Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology. In our study we use δ18O and δ13C measured in organic mater of sediments with mass spectrometer. Radiocarbon concentration was measured using gas proportional counters using organic mater . 14C dates were corrected according to isotopic fractioning with measured δ13C. We found systematic inversions of dates that were probably caused by changing of ?R (regional difference from the modeled global surface ocean reservoir age) during Baltic evolution. The attention was also paid on recognition of sedimentation process that is a very good indicator of dynamics in sedimentary environment. The grain size analysis was carried out for 300 samples using method of laser diffraction. Results showed great variability in bulk sediment composition that indicates susceptibility to changes in climatic and hydrodynamic conditions of studied area. Excluding the top ca. 30 cm of the core</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015DSRII.115...92C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015DSRII.115...92C"><span>Trophic interactions of common elasmobranchs in deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> communities of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico revealed through stable isotope and stomach content analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Churchill, Diana A.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Vaudo, Jeremy J.; Grubbs, R. Dean; Gastrich, Kirk; Castro, José I.</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Deep-water sharks are abundant and widely distributed in the northern and eastern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. As mid- and upper-level consumers that can range widely, sharks likely are important components of deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> communities and their trophic interactions may serve as system-wide baselines that could be used to monitor the overall health of these communities. We investigated the trophic interactions of deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> sharks using a combination of stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and stomach content analyses. Two hundred thirty-two muscle samples were collected from elasmobranchs captured off the bottom at depths between 200 and 1100 m along the northern slope (NGS) and the west Florida slope (WFS) of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico during 2011 and 2012. Although we detected some spatial, temporal, and interspecific variation in apparent trophic positions based on stable isotopes, there was considerable isotopic overlap among species, between locations, and through time. Overall δ15N values in the NGS region were higher than in the WFS. The δ15N values also increased between April 2011 and 2012 in the NGS, but not the WFS, within Squalus cf. mitsukurii. We found that stable isotope values of S. cf. mitsukurii, the most commonly captured elasmobranch, varied between sample regions, through time, and also with sex and size. Stomach content analysis (n=105) suggested relatively similar diets at the level of broad taxonomic categories of prey among the taxa with sufficient sample sizes. We did not detect a relationship between body size and relative trophic levels inferred from δ15N, but patterns within several species suggest increasing trophic levels with increasing size. Both δ13C and δ15N values suggest a substantial degree of overlap among most deep-water shark species. This study provides the first characterization of the trophic interactions of deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> sharks in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and establishes system baselines for future investigations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....1077K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....1077K"><span>Elongation Of The North Anatolian Fault Zone in the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kurtulus, C.; Canbay, M. M.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is a 1500 km long, seismically active, right lateral strike sleep fault that accommodates the relative motion between the Anatolian and Pontide blocks. The <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara is an intra-continental <span class="hlt">sea</span> lying along the western part of the NAFZ. There are two major fault systems in the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara one of which consists of the east-west striking faults and the other one is made up of NE-SW-trending faults that dissect the first group. The east, middle and the south parts of the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara are interpreted as pull-apart basins characterized by shear stresses. The interpretation of the structural framework indicates that the northern strand of the NAFZ traverses the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Izmit and deep Marmara to bind the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Saros and the middle strand of it traverses the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik, Bandirma and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Erdek.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711592H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711592H"><span>Dominant molluscan taxa in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> over the last centuries: down-core changes in shell communities and their implications for an ecological history</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haselmair, Alexandra; Gallmetzer, Ivo; Tomasovych, Adam; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, with its densely populated shoreline, is among the most degraded marine ecosystems worldwide and therefore particularly suited to study ecosystem modification under human pressure. In particular, the period of the last 500 to 1500 years witnessed major anthropogenic impacts here. The present study reconstructs major ecological shifts over this timespan by identifying down-core changes in molluscan death assemblages that can serve as proxies for changing environmental conditions. Here, we focus on taxonomical down-core fluctuations and changes in abundance of key bivalve and gastropod taxa found at seven sampling stations spread throughout the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> basin. At these stations, which were chosen in order to cover different sediment types, nutrient conditions and degrees of exploitation, several cores of 1.5 m length and diameters of 90 and 160 mm were taken and sliced into smaller subsamples of 2 and 5 cm, respectively. The samples were sieved through a 1 mm mesh size and all the shells found counted and identified to species level if possible. In total, 114 bivalve and 112 gastropod species were recorded. At the Po delta and Panzano bay stations, characterized by muddy sediments, Corbula gibba and Kurtiella bidentata were the dominant bivalve species, Nassarius pygmaeus and Turritella communis the most abundand gastropods. In the sandy mud from the Brijuni islands, the bivalves Timoclea ovata and Striarca lactea were very numerous, whereas at the Piran station, characterized by a similar sediment composition, Gouldia minima and Corbula gibba reached the highest numbers. Overall abundances of bivalve and gastropod species differed markedly between stations. In all cores, the incidence of individual species varied down-core. Opposite trends were recorded for Brijuni and Piran station: at Piran, the abundance peaked in the uppermost sediment layers while at the Brijuni islands the number of most gastropod and bivalve species</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012OcScD...9..443W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012OcScD...9..443W"><span>On the Shelf Resonances of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Carpentaria and the Arafura <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Webb, D. J.</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>A numerical model is used to investigate the resonances of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Carpentaria and the Arafura <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The model is forced at the shelf edge, first with physically realistic real values of angular velocity. The response functions at points within the region show maxima and other behaviour which imply that resonances are involved but it is difficult to be more specific. The study is then extended to complex angular velocities and the results then show a clear pattern of gravity wave and Rossby wave like resonances. The properties of the resonances are investigated and used to reinterpret the responses at real values of angular velocity. It is found that in some regions the response is dominated by modes trapped between the shelf edge and the coast or between opposing coastlines. In other regions the resonances show cooperative behaviour, possibly indicating the importance of other physical processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMS...167...78K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMS...167...78K"><span>A retrospective view of the development of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia ecosystem</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuosa, Harri; Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi; Lehtinen, Sirpa; Lehtiniemi, Maiju; Nygård, Henrik; Raateoja, Mika; Raitaniemi, Jari; Tuimala, Jarno; Uusitalo, Laura; Suikkanen, Sanna</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We analysed long-term monitoring data from 1979 to 2012 in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia, the northernmost extension of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, to examine changes in the summer food web structure, and to reveal the factors causing the observed changes. Of the two sub-basins in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia, the Bothnian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is more dynamic in its hydrography and food web structure than the Bothnian Bay, due to the variable influence of the more eutrophic and more saline Baltic Proper. Variation in deep-water intrusion from the main Baltic Proper, and its effect on salinity and stratification, had a clear effect on the phyto- and zooplankton communities in the Bothnian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Probably due to this intrusion, the nutrient status in this basin has also changed in terms of nitrogen limitation, with subsequent class- and genus-level changes in phytoplankton community composition. The migration of cod to the Bothnian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> during the 1980s had profound effects on the herring population, but cascading effects affecting the basis of the food web were not obvious. In contrast to a more pronounced interplay of both top-down control and bottom-up nutrient limitation of the Bothnian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the Bothnian Bay food web was mostly driven by hydrography and climate, and major changes were observed in the basis of the food web. Community changes were observed in both basins in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Bothnia throughout the entire time period. Human influence considerably affects both the basis of the food web and its very top, where man has replaced the natural top predators. Though the eutrophication status of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> has been rather stable, the results indicate that the potential symptoms should be surveyed specifically in the Bothnian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and that management of Baltic herring stocks requires an understanding, and thus monitoring, of the entire food web.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934249','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934249"><span>Modeling the effectiveness of oil combating from an ecological perspective--a Bayesian network for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland; the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Helle, Inari; Lecklin, Tiina; Jolma, Ari; Kuikka, Sakari</p> <p>2011-01-15</p> <p>Maritime traffic poses a major threat to marine ecosystems in the form of oil spills. The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland, the easternmost part of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, has witnessed a rapid increase in oil transportation during the last 15 years. Should a spill occur, the negative ecological impacts may be reduced by oil combating, the effectiveness of which is, however, strongly dependent on prevailing environmental conditions and available technical resources. This poses increased uncertainty related to ecological consequences of future spills. We developed a probabilistic Bayesian network model that can be used to assess the effectiveness of different oil combating strategies in minimizing the negative effects of oil on six species living in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland. The model can be used for creating different accident scenarios and assessing the performance of various oil combating actions under uncertainty, which enables its use as a supportive tool in decision-making. While the model is confined to the western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Finland, the methodology is adaptable to other marine areas facing similar risks and challenges related to oil spills. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JGR...106.2605O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JGR...106.2605O"><span>Eddy energy and shelf interactions in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ohlmann, J. Carter; Niiler, P. Peter; Fox, Chad A.; Leben, Robert R.</p> <p>2001-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> surface height anomaly data from satellite are continuously available for the entire <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Surface current velocities derived from these remotely sensed data are compared with surface velocities from drifting buoys. The comparison shows that satellite altimetry does an excellent job resolving <span class="hlt">gulf</span> eddies over the shelf rise (depths between ˜200 and 2000 m) if the proper length scale is used. Correlations between altimeter- and drifter-derived velocities are statistically significant (r>0.5) when the surface slope is computed over 125 km, indicating that remotely sensed <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height anomaly data can be used to aid the understanding of circulation over the shelf rise. Velocity variance over the shelf rise from the altimetry data shows regions of pronounced eddy energy south of the Mississippi outflow, south of the Texas-Louisiana shelf, and in the northwest and northeast corners of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. These are the same locations where surface drifters are most likely to cross the shelf rise, suggesting <span class="hlt">gulf</span> eddies promote cross-shore flows. This is clearly exemplified with both warm and cold eddies. Finally, the contribution of <span class="hlt">gulf</span> eddies and wind stress to changes in the mean circulation are compared. Results indicate that the eddy-generated vorticity flux to the mean flow is greater than the contribution from the surface wind stress curl, especially in the region of the Loop current and along the shelf rise base in the western <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Future modeling efforts must not neglect the role of eddies in driving <span class="hlt">gulf</span> circulation over the shelf rise.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1868i0005I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1868i0005I"><span>Mangrove diversity in the Serewe <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lombok Island West Nusa Tenggara</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Irwansah, Sugiyarto, Mahajoeno, Edwi</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Mangrove forests are a valuable economic resource as important breeding grounds and nursery sites for various animal species, stabilizing coastal lands and offering protection against storms, tsunamis, and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. Mangrove forest growing along the coastline of Serewe <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. The Serewe <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> has great potential in tourism and <span class="hlt">sea</span> cultivation sector. The research was conducted in the Serewe <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara for 2 months (November up to December 2016). The objective of this research is to determine the diversity of mangrove in the Serewe <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara using belt transect method. The identification result shows that there are 9 families with 9 types such as Rhizophoraceae (Rhizophora mucronata), Avicenniaceae (Avicennia officinalis), Sonneratiaceae (Sonneratia alba), Casuarinaceae (Casuarina equisetifolia), Bignoniaceae (Dilochnadrone sthaceae), Malvaceae (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Lythraceae (Pemphis adicula), Aizoaceae (Sesivium portulacastrum), and Euphorbiaceae (Ricinus communis). The diversity of mangrove types in the research area is in medium rate with H' index of 1.668.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4917093','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4917093"><span>Climate Impacts on <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Turtle Breeding Phenology in Greece and Associated Foraging Habitats in the Wider Mediterranean Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Morreale, Stephen J.; Saba, Vincent S.; Panagopoulou, Aliki; Margaritoulis, Dimitris; Spotila, James R.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> turtles are vulnerable to climate change impacts in both their terrestrial (nesting beach) and oceanic habitats. From 1982 to 2012, air and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperatures at major high use foraging and nesting regions (n = 5) of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in Greece have steadily increased. Here, we update the established relationships between <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature and nesting data from Zakynthos (latitude: 37.7°N), a major nesting beach, while also expanding these analyses to include precipitation and air temperature and additional nesting data from two other key beaches in Greece: Kyparissia Bay (latitude: 37.3°N) and Rethymno, Crete (latitude: 35.4°N). We confirmed that nesting phenology at Zakynthos has continued to be impacted by breeding season temperature; however, temperature has no consistent relationship with nest numbers, which are declining on Zakynthos and Crete but increasing at Kyparissia. Then using statistically downscaled outputs of 14 climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we projected future shifts in nesting for these populations. Based on the climate models, we projected that temperature at the key foraging and breeding sites (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Crete, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabès and Zakynthos/Kyparissia Bay; overall latitudinal range: 33.0°—45.8°N) for loggerhead turtles nesting in Greece will rise by 3–5°C by 2100. Our calculations indicate that the projected rise in air and ocean temperature at Zakynthos could cause the nesting season in this major rookery to shift to an earlier date by as much as 50–74 days by 2100. Although an earlier onset of the nesting season may provide minor relief for nest success as temperatures rise, the overall climatic changes to the various important habitats will most likely have an overall negative impact on this population. PMID:27332550</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27332550','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27332550"><span>Climate Impacts on <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Turtle Breeding Phenology in Greece and Associated Foraging Habitats in the Wider Mediterranean Region.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Patel, Samir H; Morreale, Stephen J; Saba, Vincent S; Panagopoulou, Aliki; Margaritoulis, Dimitris; Spotila, James R</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> turtles are vulnerable to climate change impacts in both their terrestrial (nesting beach) and oceanic habitats. From 1982 to 2012, air and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperatures at major high use foraging and nesting regions (n = 5) of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in Greece have steadily increased. Here, we update the established relationships between <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature and nesting data from Zakynthos (latitude: 37.7°N), a major nesting beach, while also expanding these analyses to include precipitation and air temperature and additional nesting data from two other key beaches in Greece: Kyparissia Bay (latitude: 37.3°N) and Rethymno, Crete (latitude: 35.4°N). We confirmed that nesting phenology at Zakynthos has continued to be impacted by breeding season temperature; however, temperature has no consistent relationship with nest numbers, which are declining on Zakynthos and Crete but increasing at Kyparissia. Then using statistically downscaled outputs of 14 climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we projected future shifts in nesting for these populations. Based on the climate models, we projected that temperature at the key foraging and breeding sites (<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Crete, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gabès and Zakynthos/Kyparissia Bay; overall latitudinal range: 33.0°-45.8°N) for loggerhead turtles nesting in Greece will rise by 3-5°C by 2100. Our calculations indicate that the projected rise in air and ocean temperature at Zakynthos could cause the nesting season in this major rookery to shift to an earlier date by as much as 50-74 days by 2100. Although an earlier onset of the nesting season may provide minor relief for nest success as temperatures rise, the overall climatic changes to the various important habitats will most likely have an overall negative impact on this population.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780009697','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780009697"><span>Scientific investigations in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> during the 1974-1975 Calypso cruise, parts 1 and 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Elsayed, S. Z.; Reheim, H. A.; Fryxell, G. A.; Harlan, J. C.; Hill, J. M.; Babai, P.; Whitney, P.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>The distribution and concentrations of the standing crop of phytoplankton and nutrient salts in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and the Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> were investigated to provide ground truth for correlating temperature and chlorophyll-a measurements with observations from NASA U-2 aircraft equipped with specially designed sensors for measuring ocean color phenomena. The physical, chemical, and biological data obtained is summarized. Sampling procedures and methods used for determining plant pigments, species composition of phytoplankton, nutrient salt analysis, and the euphotic zones are described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA103004','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA103004"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Variations in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1981-03-01</p> <p>the astrono - mical tides alone. One purpose of thesis is to assess the importance of some of the non-astronomical factors in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Thailand. 14...diurnal and diurnal tide components from the non-harmonic components of the hourly height. Then the non- astrono - mical part of the height change can be seen</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26210759','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26210759"><span>Experimental development of a new protocol for extraction and characterization of microplastics in fish tissues: First observations in commercial species from <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Avio, Carlo Giacomo; Gorbi, Stefania; Regoli, Francesco</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>The presence of microplastics in the marine environment has raised scientific interest during the last decade. Several organisms can ingest microplastics with potentially adverse effects on the digestive tract, respiratory system and locomotory appendages. However, a clear evidence of tissue accumulation and transfer of such microparticles in wild organisms is still lacking, partially hampered by technical difficulties in isolation and characterization protocols from biological samples. In this work, we compared the efficacy of some existing approaches and we optimized a new protocol allowing an extraction yield of microplastics from fish tissues ranging between 78% and 98%, depending on the polymer size. FT-IR analyses confirmed that the extraction procedure did not affect the particles characteristics. The method was further validated on the fish mullet, Mugil cephalus, exposed under laboratory conditions to polystyrene and polyethylene; the particles were isolated and quantified in stomach and liver, and their presence in the hepatic tissue was confirmed also by histological analyses. A preliminary characterization revealed the presence and distribution of microplastics in various fish species collected along the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. FT-IR analyses indicated polyethylene as the predominant polymer (65%) in the stomach of fish. The overall results confirmed the newly developed method as a reliable approach to detect and quantify microplastics in the marine biota. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ESASP.740E.266D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ESASP.740E.266D"><span>Improvements of Storm Surge Modelling in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Venice with Satellite Data: The ESA Due Esurge-Venice Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>De Biasio, F.; Bajo, M.; Vignudelli, S.; Papa, A.; della Valle, A.; Umgiesser, G.; Donlon, C.; Zecchetto, S.</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Among the most detrimental natural phenomena, storm surges heavily endanger the environment, the economy and the everyday life of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-side countries and coastal zones. Considering that 120.000.000 people live in the Mediterranean area, with additional 200.000.000 presences in Summer for tourism purposes, the correct prediction of storm surges is crucial to avoid fatalities and economic losses. Earth Observation (EO) can play an important role in operational storm surge forecasting, yet it is not widely diffused in the storm surge community. In 2011 the European Space Agency (ESA), through its Data User Element (DUE) programme, financed two projects aimed at encouraging the uptake of EO data in this sector: eSurge and eSurge-Venice (eSV). The former was intended to address the issues of a wider users' community, while the latter was focused on a restricted geographical area: the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Venice. Among the objectives of the two projects there were a number of storm surge hindcast experiments using satellite data, to demonstrate the improvements on the surge forecast brought by EO. We report here the results of the hindcast experiments of the eSV project. They were aimed to test the sensitivity of a storm surge model to a forcing wind field modified with scatterometer data in order to reduce the bias between simulated and observed winds. Hindcast experiments were also performed to test the response of the storm surge model to the assimilation, with a dual 4D-Var system, of satellite altimetry observations as model errors of the initial state of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface level. Remarkable improvements on the storm surge forecast have been obtained for what concerns the modified model wind forcing. Encouraging results have been obtained also in the assimilation experiments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Sci...304..999M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Sci...304..999M"><span>Asphalt Volcanism and Chemosynthetic Life in the Campeche Knolls, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>MacDonald, I. R.; Bohrmann, G.; Escobar, E.; Abegg, F.; Blanchon, P.; Blinova, V.; Brückmann, W.; Drews, M.; Eisenhauer, A.; Han, X.; Heeschen, K.; Meier, F.; Mortera, C.; Naehr, T.; Orcutt, B.; Bernard, B.; Brooks, J.; de Faragó, M.</p> <p>2004-05-01</p> <p>In the Campeche Knolls, in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, lava-like flows of solidified asphalt cover more than 1 square kilometer of the rim of a dissected salt dome at a depth of 3000 meters below <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. Chemosynthetic tubeworms and bivalves colonize the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor near the asphalt, which chilled and contracted after discharge. The site also includes oil seeps, gas hydrate deposits, locally anoxic sediments, and slabs of authigenic carbonate. Asphalt volcanism creates a habitat for chemosynthetic life that may be widespread at great depth in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol10-sec648-62.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol10-sec648-62.pdf"><span>50 CFR 648.62 - Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine (NGOM) scallop management area.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine (NGOM) scallop... OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Management Measures for the Atlantic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Scallop Fishery § 648.62 Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine (NGOM) scallop...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27988644','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27988644"><span>DNA barcoding and morphological studies confirm the occurrence of three <i>Atarbolana</i> (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) species along the coastal zone of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khalaji-Pirbalouty, Valiallah; Raupach, Michael J</p> <p>2016-11-27</p> <p>Two species of Atarbolana (Cirolanidae: Isopoda) from the intertidal zone of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman and the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> were studied and redescribed. The known distribution of this small genus is limited to the northern areas of the Indian Ocean, from the Pakistan coasts to the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. The analyses of DNA barcodes as well as detailed morphological studies clearly support the existence of three distinct Atarbolana species along the coastal zone of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and northern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Furthermore, A. dasycolus Yasmeen, 2004 is synonymized with A. setosa Javed and Yasmeen, 1989.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.2784S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.2784S"><span>Estimation of wind regime from combination of RCM and NWP data in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga (Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sile, T.; Sennikovs, J.; Bethers, U.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga is a semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">gulf</span> located in the Eastern part of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Reliable wind climate data is crucial for the development of wind energy. The objective of this study is to create high resolution wind parameter datasets for the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga using climate and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models as an alternative to methods that rely on observations with the expectation of benefit from comparing different approaches. The models used for the estimation of the wind regime are an ensemble of Regional Climate Models (RCM, ENSEMBLES, 23 runs are considered) and high resolution NWP data. Future projections provided by RCM are of interest however their spatial resolution is unsatisfactory. We describe a method of spatial refinement of RCM data using NWP data to resolve small scale features. We apply the method of RCM bias correction (Sennikovs and Bethers, 2009) previously used for temperature and precipitation to wind data and use NWP data instead of observations. The refinement function is calculated using contemporary climate (1981- 2010) and later applied to RCM near future (2021 - 2050) projections to produce a dataset with the same resolution as NWP data. This method corrects for RCM biases that were shown to be present in the initial analysis and inter-model statistical analysis was carried out to estimate uncertainty. Using the datasets produced by this method the current and future projections of wind speed and wind energy density are calculated. Acknowledgments: This research is part of the GORWIND (The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga as a Resource for Wind Energy) project (EU34711). The ENSEMBLES data used in this work was funded by the EU FP6 Integrated Project ENSEMBLES (Contract number 505539) whose support is gratefully acknowledged.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70032028','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70032028"><span>Bora event variability and the role of air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> feedback</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pullen, J.; Doyle, J.D.; Haack, T.; Dorman, C.; Signell, R.P.; Lee, C.M.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>A two-way interacting high resolution numerical simulation of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and Coupled Ocean/ Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS??) was conducted to improve forecast momentum and heat flux fields, and to evaluate surface flux field differences for two consecutive bora events during February 2003. (COAMPS?? is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory.) The strength, mean positions and extensions of the bora jets, and the atmospheric conditions driving them varied considerably between the two events. Bora 1 had 62% stronger heat flux and 51% larger momentum flux than bora 2. The latter displayed much greater diurnal variability characterized by inertial oscillations and the early morning strengthening of a west <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> barrier jet, beneath which a stronger west <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> ocean current developed. Elsewhere, surface ocean current differences between the two events were directly related to differences in wind stress curl generated by the position and strength of the individual bora jets. The mean heat flux bias was reduced by 72%, and heat flux RMSE reduced by 30% on average at four instrumented over-water sites in the two-way coupled simulation relative to the uncoupled control. Largest reductions in wind stress were found in the bora jets, while the biggest reductions in heat flux were found along the north and west coasts of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. In bora 2, SST gradients impacted the wind stress curl along the north and west coasts, and in bora 1 wind stress curl was sensitive to the Istrian front position and strength. The two-way coupled simulation produced diminished surface current speeds of ???12% over the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> during both bora compared with a one-way coupled simulation. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7380G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7380G"><span>Changes in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> molluscan community from the Holocene transgression up to the present</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gallmetzer, Ivo; Haselmair, Alexandra; Tomasovych, Adam; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is one of the few modern, epicontinental <span class="hlt">seas</span> comparable to typical Palaeozoic shelf environments. It has a shallow average water depth (<50 m) and was formed at the end of the last glaciation when the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rose. Since historical times this part of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> has been strongly influenced by human activities through multiple direct or indirect impacts (e.g. fishing, coastal building development, pollution, eutrophication, increased sedimentation), making it one of the most degraded marine ecosystems worldwide. Our study was designed to reconstruct major environmental changes here since the onset of the Holocene transgression using down-core changes in death assemblages of molluscs as indicators for ecological shifts. The sediment cores were taken at three different stations (Brijuni Islands, Croatia, off Piran, Slovenia, and off Venice, Italy), each representative of specific sediment and nutrient conditions and degrees of habitat exploitation. The cores were 1.5 m long and had diameters of 90 or 160 mm. For the molluscan shell analyses, sediment subsamples were examined for species composition, abundance, taxonomic similarity and ecological interactions (e.g. frequencies of drilling predation). In total, 98,700 valves and shells were investigated and 113 bivalve and 178 gastropod species recorded. Sedimentation rates derived from 210Pb dating are very low, between 0.15 cm/yr at Brijuni and 0.25 cm/yr at Piran. The dating of Lucinella divaricata, Timoclea ovata and Gouldia minima shells with 14C calibrated amino-acid racemisation (AAR) revealed that the cores at all three stations cover at least 6000 to 8000 years, i.e. the whole Holocene transgression period. Time averaging is high, especially in the lower core layers of Piran station, probably due to strong bioturbation. Surface mixed-layer assemblages tend to show right-skewed postmortem age-frequency distributions, whereas subsurface assemblages show unimodal or uniform shapes</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ESASP.614E..15A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ESASP.614E..15A"><span>Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Eddy Field and Surface Circulation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Al Saafani, M. A.; Shenoi, S. S. C.</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>The circulation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden is inferred from three different data sets: h istorical sh ip drifts , hydrography , and satellite altimeter derived <span class="hlt">sea</span> level (Topex/Poseidon, Jason and ERS) . The circulation in th is semi-enclosed basin is marked with strong seasonality with reversals in the direction of flows twice a year follow ing the reversal in mon soonal winds. During the win ter mon soon (November - February) there is an inflow from Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>; an extension of Arabian Coastal Current (ACC) . During sou thwest mon soon (June - August) the flow is generally towards east especially along the northern coast of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. The geostrophic currents also show that the circulation in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> is embedded with mesoscale eddies. These westward propagating eddies appear to enter the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden from the western Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in win ter. The relative contribu tion of mesoscale eddies to the circulation in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> were estimated using altimeter derived <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level anomaly (SLA) for the years 1993 to 2003 . The effect of these mesoscale eddies extend over the entire water colu mn . The propagation speeds, of these eddies, estimated using weekly spaced altimeter derived SLA (2002 - 2003) is ~ 4 .0 - 5 .3 cm s . The sum of the speeds of second mode Ro ssby wave and the mean current (4.8 cm s ) matches with the propagation speeds of eddies estimated using SLA . Hence, second mode baroclin ic Rossby waves appear to be responsib le for the westward propagation of eddies in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden. The presence of these eddies in the temperaturesalin ity climato logy confirms that they are no t transient features.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152856','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152856"><span>Climate change impacts on marine water quality: The case study of the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rizzi, J; Torresan, S; Critto, A; Zabeo, A; Brigolin, D; Carniel, S; Pastres, R; Marcomini, A</p> <p>2016-01-30</p> <p>Climate change is posing additional pressures on coastal ecosystems due to variations in water biogeochemical and physico-chemical parameters (e.g., pH, salinity) leading to aquatic ecosystem degradation. With the main aim of analyzing the potential impacts of climate change on marine water quality, a Regional Risk Assessment methodology was developed and applied to coastal marine waters of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>. It integrates the outputs of regional biogeochemical and physico-chemical models considering future climate change scenarios (i.e., years 2070 and 2100) with site-specific environmental and socio-economic indicators. Results showed that salinity and temperature will be the main drivers of changes, together with macronutrients, especially in the area of the Po' river delta. The final outputs are exposure, susceptibility and risk maps supporting the communication of the potential consequences of climate change on water quality to decision makers and stakeholders and provide a basis for the definition of adaptation and management strategies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SedG..282..347C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SedG..282..347C"><span>Sedimentary earthquake records in the İzmit <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara, Turkey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Çağatay, M. N.; Erel, L.; Bellucci, L. G.; Polonia, A.; Gasperini, L.; Eriş, K. K.; Sancar, Ü.; Biltekin, D.; Uçarkuş, G.; Ülgen, U. B.; Damcı, E.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Sedimentary earthquake records of the last 2400 a, including that of the devastating 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake (Mw = 7.4), were studied in cores from the 210 m-deep central Karamürsel Basin of the İzmit <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> in the eastern <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara, using laser grain-size, physical properties, stable O and C isotopes and XRF Core Scanner analyses, and dated by radionuclide and radiocarbon methods. The earthquake records are represented by turbidite-homogenite mass-flow units (THU) that commonly contain a basal coarse layer, a middle laminated silt layer and an overlying homogeneous mud layer. The coarse basal part has a sharp and sometimes scoured lower boundary, and includes multiple coarse (sand/silt) layers or laminae showing normal size grading. Multiple coarse layers and occasional bi-directional cross-bedding suggest deposition from a bed-load during water column oscillations, or seiche effect. The grain-size characteristics of the overlaying laminated silt and the homogeneous mud units indicate deposition from weak oscillating currents and homogeneous suspension, respectively. High Mn value just below the base of THUs suggests diagenetic enrichment at oxic/anoxic redox boundary before the mass-flow event. Sharp decrease in Mn with very low values within the THUs suggests transient redox conditions following the mass-flow. Variable geochemical compositions of the basal coarse layers indicate different sediment sources for different THUs. Eight sedimentary earthquake records observed in the last 2400 a in the İzmit <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> can be confidently correlated with the historical earthquakes of 1999, 1509 AD (Ms = 7.2), 1296 AD (I = VII), 865 AD (I = VIII), 740 AD (I = VIII), 268 AD (I = VIII), 358 AD (I = IX), and 427 BC. This gives an earthquake recurrence time of ca. 300 a, with the interval between consecutive events ranging from 90 to 695 a.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012OcSci...8..733W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012OcSci...8..733W"><span>On the shelf resonances of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Carpentaria and the Arafura <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Webb, D. J.</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>A numerical model is used to investigate the resonances of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Carpentaria and the Arafura <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and the additional insights that come from extending the analysis into the complex angular velocity plane. When the model is forced at the shelf edge with physically realistic real values of the angular velocity, the response functions at points within the region show maxima and other behaviour which imply that resonances are involved but provide little additional information. The study is then extended to complex angular velocities, and the results then show a clear pattern of gravity wave and Rossby wave like resonances. The properties of the resonances are investigated and used to reinterpret the response at real values of angular velocity. It is found that in some regions the response is dominated by modes trapped between the shelf edge and the coast or between opposing coastlines. In other regions the resonances show cooperative behaviour, possibly indicating the importance of other physical processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1916883B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1916883B"><span>Seiche in a Tub, Lake and <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bulat, Sanja; Bozic, Mirjana; Stojcic, Biljana</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>SEICHE in a TUB, LAKE and <span class="hlt">SEA</span> Sanja Bulat1, Biljana Stojičić2 and Mirjana Božić3 1Primary School „Branislav Nušić", Belgrade, Serbia 2Zemun Gymnasium, Belgrade, Serbia 3Mirjana Božić, Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia The problem given to students at the XV International Physics Olympiad, which took place in 1984 in Sigtuna in Sweden [1], inspired us to learn more about the natural phenomena "seiche" and to make related experiments and observations with our students. Seiching is an oscillatory natural phenomena, seen in the lakes which are normally long compared with the depth and also narrow. The entire water volume oscillates, like a coffee in a cup that one carries to a waiting guest. There are many such lakes in Sweden and phenomena is studied quantitatively by recording oscillations of the water surface level in various points along the lake, in particular at two opposite ends of the lake. One finds that the oscillations at opposite ends of the lake have opposite phases [1,2]. With our students we studied experimentally and theoretically seiching in a long rectangular container/tub. We look at water surface after shortly lifting and returning back one end of a tub. We recorded the oscillations and analyzed them with the Program Tracker [3]. The measured period of oscillations is compared with the periods derived using three theoretical models. The period is proportional to the length of a tub and inversely proportional to the square root of the water height. The proportionality constant slightly differs in various models. Studying the literature we learned that seiche was recorded at the Geneva lake [2], as well as on <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> [4,5]. In various occasions we discussed with our colleagues from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region about their eventual interest to establish, in collaboration with relevant institutions, a network of water level recording stations, like around Geneva lake [2], and to involve students to follow and participate in these measurements</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-s31-79-015.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-s31-79-015.html"><span>Eastern Egypt, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Saudi Arabia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-04-29</p> <p>STS031-79-015 (24-29 April 1990) --- The 330-plus nautical mile orbital altitude of the Space Shuttle Discovery allowed for this unique high oblique 70mm Hasselblad frame. Egypt is in the foreground, with the Nile River and Lake Nasser readily identifiable. Cairo and Alexandria are visible. The Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is on the horizon in upper left. The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is in the center. Other areas seen include Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Palestine and Israel; the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001724&hterms=water+Mexico&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dwater%2BMexico','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001724&hterms=water+Mexico&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dwater%2BMexico"><span>Smoke in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">Sea</span>-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (<span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS) image of the Bay of Campeche, acquired January 17, 2001, shows a 300-kilometer long smoke plume streaming towards the northwest from around 19.4o North and 92o West, the location of the Akal oil field. In the lower right (southeast) corner of the image is the country of El Salvador, site of a magnitude 7.6 earthquake on January 13, 2001. On the Pacific side of Southern Mexico, the productive waters of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Tehuantepec are visible. Provided by the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DSRII.129..350B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DSRII.129..350B"><span>Impact of protists on a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial community from deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico sediments: A microcosm study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Beaudoin, David J.; Carmichael, Catherine A.; Nelson, Robert K.; Reddy, Christopher M.; Teske, Andreas P.; Edgcomb, Virginia P.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>In spite of significant advancements towards understanding the dynamics of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microbial consortia, the impacts (direct or indirect via grazing activities) of bacterivorous protists remain largely unknown. Microcosm experiments were used to examine whether protistan grazing affects the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation capacity of a deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> sediment microbial community from an active <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico cold seep. Differences in n-alkane content between native sediment microcosms and those treated with inhibitors of eukaryotes were assessed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography following 30-90 day incubations and analysis of shifts in microbial community composition using small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries. More biodegradation was observed in microcosms supplemented with eukaryotic inhibitors. SSU rRNA gene clone libraries from oil-amended treatments revealed an increase in the number of proteobacterial clones (particularly γ-proteobacteria) after spiking sediments with diesel oil. Bacterial community composition shifted, and degradation rates increased, in treatments where protists were inhibited, suggesting protists affect the hydrocarbon degrading capacity of microbial communities in sediments collected at this <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico site.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18560925','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18560925"><span>Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in California <span class="hlt">sea</span> lions (Zalophus californianus californianus) from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California, México.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Niño-Torres, Carlos Alberto; Gardner, Susan C; Zenteno-Savín, Tania; Ylitalo, Gina M</p> <p>2009-02-01</p> <p>We report concentrations of several classes of organochlorines (OCs) in the blubber of California <span class="hlt">sea</span> lions (Zalophus californianus) from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of California. Summed OC levels measured in 34 wild-ranging animals were, in general, lower than those previously reported in <span class="hlt">sea</span> lions from the eastern Pacific. The rank order of OCs was SigmaDDTs (mean=3400 ng g(-1 ) lipid weight [lw]) > SigmaPCBs (1400 ng g(-1 ) lw) > SigmaHCHs (50 ng g(-1 ) lw) >or= SigmaCHLORs (46 ng g(-1 ) lw). The most abundant OC measured was the DDT metabolite, p,p'-DDE. No significant differences in OC profiles were found between genders or rookeries. Although the mean concentrations of OCs measured in adult males and females were similar, only adult females had significantly higher (p<0.05) mean blubber concentrations of summation SigmaDDTs and summation SigmaHCHs than pups.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5012129','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5012129"><span>The carbon dioxide system on the Mississippi River‐dominated continental shelf in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico: 1. Distribution and air‐<span class="hlt">sea</span> CO2 flux</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Huang, Wei‐Jen; Wang, Yongchen; Lohrenz, Steven E.; Murrell, Michael C.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Abstract River‐dominated continental shelf environments are active sites of air‐<span class="hlt">sea</span> CO2 exchange. We conducted 13 cruises in the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, a region strongly influenced by fresh water and nutrients delivered from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River system. The <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) was measured, and the air‐<span class="hlt">sea</span> CO2 flux was calculated. Results show that CO2 exchange exhibited a distinct seasonality: the study area was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 during spring and early summer, and it was neutral or a weak source of CO2 to the atmosphere during midsummer, fall, and winter. Along the salinity gradient, across the shelf, the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface shifted from a source of CO2 in low‐salinity zones (0≤S<17) to a strong CO2 sink in the middle‐to‐high‐salinity zones (17≤S<33), and finally was a near‐neutral state in the high‐salinity areas (33≤S<35) and in the open <span class="hlt">gulf</span> (S≥35). High pCO2 values were only observed in narrow regions near freshwater sources, and the distribution of undersaturated pCO2 generally reflected the influence of freshwater inputs along the shelf. Systematic analyses of pCO2 variation demonstrated the importance of riverine nitrogen export; that is, riverine nitrogen‐enhanced biological removal, along with mixing processes, dominated pCO2 variation along the salinity gradient. In addition, extreme or unusual weather events were observed to alter the alongshore pCO2 distribution and to affect regional air‐<span class="hlt">sea</span> CO2 flux estimates. Overall, the study region acted as a net CO2 sink of 0.96 ± 3.7 mol m−2 yr−1 (1.15 ± 4.4 Tg C yr−1). PMID:27656331</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010067769','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010067769"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span>WIFS Postlaunch Technical Report Series. Volume 13; The <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS Photometer Revision for Incident Surface Measurement (<span class="hlt">Sea</span>PRISM) Field Commissioning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Zibordi, Giuseppe; Berthon, Jean-Francois; Bailey, Sean W.; Pietras, Christophe M.; Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor)</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>This report documents the scientific activities that took place at the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT) in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> off the coast of Italy from 2-6 August 1999. The ultimate objective of the field campaign was to evaluate the capabilities of a new instrument called the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS Photometer Revision for Incident Surface Measurements (<span class="hlt">Sea</span>PRISM). <span class="hlt">Sea</span>PRISM is based on a CE-318 sun photometer made by CIMEL Electronique (Paris, France). The CE-318 is an automated, robotic system which measures the direct sun irradiance plus the sky radiance in the sun plane and in the almucantar plane. The data are transmitted over a satellite link, and this remote operation capability has made the device very useful for atmospheric measurements. The revision to the CE-318 that makes the instrument potentially useful for <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS calibration and validation activities is to include a capability for measuring the radiance leaving the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface in wavelengths suitable for the determination of chlorophyll a concentration. The initial evaluation of this new capability involved above- and in-water measurement protocols. An intercomparison of the water-leaving radiances derived from <span class="hlt">Sea</span>PRISM and an in-water system showed the overall spectral agreement was approximately 8.6%, but the blue-green channels intercompared at the 5% level. A blue-green band ratio comparison was at the 4% level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC21I..01R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC21I..01R"><span><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico: Dealing with Change in a Marginal <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rabalais, N. N.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico is shared by the United States, Mexico and Cuba and requires collaborative work for integrated management to conserve its natural assets and derived benefits, as well as to foster the overall regional economic wealth. Many rivers drain into the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, most notably the Mississippi, which ranks among global rivers 4th in discharge, 7th in sediment load and 3rd in drainage area, and accounts for about 90 percent of the freshwater inflow to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. The Mississippi River proper empties onto a narrow ( 20 km wide) continental shelf, and its tributary, the Atchafalaya River, that carries about one third of the total flow discharges onto the broad ( 200 km) and shallow part of the shelf. The entrainment of the Mississippi River discharge into the Louisiana Coastal Current results in the semblance of an extended estuary across much of the inner to mid continental shelf for much of the year. The nitrogen load from the Mississippi River to the adjacent continental shelf over the last half century has increased by 300 per cent. As a result, eutrophication and hypoxia have developed in this stratified coastal system with implications for biogeochemical cycles and valued resources. While there is recognition that over half of the nitrogen sources come from agricultural practices widespread across the watershed, the environmental goal of bringing a 32-year average 13,800 square kilometers of bottom-water hypoxia to less than 5,000 square kilometers is being realized through voluntary and incentive-based activities, designed within a series of subbasin and state strategies. Some activities funded by the US Department of Agriculture for directed nutrient reduction projects and several small-scale voluntary actions towards sustainable and ecologically sound agriculture show promise, but large-scale social-political solutions do not exist now nor will they for the forseeable future. The coastal waters adjacent to the Mississippi River are just one of many such</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ECSS..199..141M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ECSS..199..141M"><span>An analysis of the relationship between drought events and mangrove changes along the northern coasts of the Pe rsian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and Oman <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mafi-Gholami, Davood; Mahmoudi, Beytollah; Zenner, Eric K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Relating the changes of mangrove forests to spatially explicit reductions in rainfall amounts and increases in drought occurrences is a prerequisite for improving the effectiveness and success of mangrove forest conservation programs. To this end, we investigated the relationship between drought events (quantified using the Standardized Precipitation Index [SPI]) and changes in area and canopy cover of mangrove forests on the northern coast of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and the Oman <span class="hlt">Sea</span> using satellite imagery and long-term annual rainfall data over a period of 30 years (1986-2016). Statistical analyses revealed 1998 as the year marking the most significant change-point in the mean annual rainfall values in the catchments and mangroves, after which average SPI values consistently remained at lower levels. In the period of 1998-2016, decreases in the mean annual rainfall and increases in the severity of droughts differed spatially and were greater in the catchments and mangroves on the coasts of the Oman <span class="hlt">Sea</span> than the coasts of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. These spatially explicit results were closely mirrored by the mangrove response, with differential in reductions in mangrove areas and canopy cover that corresponded closely with the spatial distribution of drought intensities in the different parts of the coasts, with correlation coefficients ≥0.89 for the different coastal regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1210430H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1210430H"><span>Simulated atmospheric response to <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hand, Ralf; Keenlyside, Noel; Omrani, Nour-Eddine; Latif, Mojib; Minobe, Shoshiro</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Though the ocean variability has a distinct low-frequent component on interannual to interdecadal timescales, a better understanding of the main features of air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> interaction in the extratropical ocean might increase the predictive skill of climate models significantly. An insufficiently understood region in this context are the sharp SST-fronts connected to western boundary currents, which interact with the overlaying atmosphere by forcing low-level winds and evaporation. Recent studies show, that this response extends beyond the marine boundary layer and so might influence also the large-scale atmospheric circulation. In this work a 5 member ensemble of model runs from the AGCM ECHAM5 was analyzed focussing on the atmospheric response to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream. The analyzed experiment covered a time period of 138 years from 1870 to 2007 and was forced by observed SSTs and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-ice concentration from the HadISST dataset. The experiment was performed at T106 horizontal resolution (~100km) and with 31 vertical levels up to 1 hPa. Simulated seasonal mean circulation indicate a convective response of the atmosphere in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream region similar to observations, with distinct low-level wind convergence, strong upward motion, and low-pressure over the warm SST flank of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggests, that up to 25-30% of the variability of the summer precipitation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream region are connected to the boundary conditions. The link between oceanic and atmospheric variability on seasonal to interannual timescales is investigated with composite and linear regression analysis. Results indicate that increased (decreased) precipitation is associated with stronger (weaker) low-level wind convergence, enhanced (reduced) upward motion, low (high) pressure, and warm (cold) SST anomalies in the region of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream. Currently sensitivity experiments with the same AGCM configuration are in progress.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=243542','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=243542"><span>Physiological Characteristics Underlying the Distribution Patterns of Luminous Bacteria in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shilo, M.; Yetinson, T.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Physiological characteristics of luminous bacteria isolated from the Mediterranean and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat were compared to determine their relationship to the specific seasonal and geographic distribution patterns of these bacteria. The effects of temperature on growth rate and yield, relative sensitivity to photooxidation, resistance to high salt concentration (8%), and ability to grow in nutrient-poor conditions appear to control these patterns. The winter appearance of Photobacterium fischeri and the succession of winter and summer types of Beneckea harveyi in the eastern Mediterranean are explained by different temperature requirements for growth. Sensitivity to photooxidation explains the disappearance of P. leiognathi, present in the main body of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Elat throughout the year, from the shallow coastal strip. B. harveyi is present in this coastal strip which is higher in nutrients and in productivity than the open waters. Competition experiments between B. harveyi and P. leiognathi in batch and continuous culture indicate that the oligotrophic P. leiognathi is outcompeted by B. harveyi in rich and even in relatively poor media. The distribution pattern found in the Bardawil hypersaline lagoon is explained by selection of salinity-resistant mutants of B. harveyi from the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. PMID:16345442</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24016626','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24016626"><span>LC-ICP-MS analysis of arsenic compounds in dominant seaweeds from the Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (Northern Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Greece).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pell, Albert; Kokkinis, Giannis; Malea, Paraskevi; Pergantis, Spiros A; Rubio, Roser; López-Sánchez, José Fermín</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>The content of total arsenic and arsenic compounds in the dominant seaweed species in the Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, Northern Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> was determined in samples collected in different seasons. Total arsenic was determined by acid digestion followed by ICP-MS. Arsenic speciation was analyzed by water extraction followed by LC-ICP-MS. Total arsenic concentrations in the seaweeds ranged from 1.39 to 55.0 mg kg(-1). Cystoseira species and Codium fragile showed the highest total As contents, while Ulva species (U. intestinalis, U. rigida,U. fasciata) had the lowest Arsenosugars, the most common arsenic species in seaweeds, were found in all samples, and glycerol-arsenosugar was the most common form; however, phosphate-arsenosugar and sulfate-arsenosugar were also present. Inorganic arsenic was measured in seven algae species and detected in another. Arsenate was the most abundant species in Cystoseira barbata (27.0 mg kg(-1)). Arsenobetaine was measured in only one sample. Methylated arsenic species were measured at very low concentrations. The information should contribute to further understanding the presence of arsenic compounds in dominant seaweeds from the Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28158209','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28158209"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rise drives increased tidal flooding frequency at tide gauges along the U.S. East and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coasts: Projections for 2030 and 2045.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dahl, Kristina A; Fitzpatrick, Melanie F; Spanger-Siegfried, Erika</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Tidal flooding is among the most tangible present-day effects of global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. Here, we utilize a set of NOAA tide gauges along the U.S. East and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coasts to evaluate the potential impact of future <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise on the frequency and severity of tidal flooding. Using the 2001-2015 time period as a baseline, we first determine how often tidal flooding currently occurs. Using localized <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise projections based on the Intermediate-Low, Intermediate-High, and Highest projections from the U.S. National Climate Assessment, we then determine the frequency and extent of such flooding at these locations for two near-term time horizons: 2030 and 2045. We show that increases in tidal flooding will be substantial and nearly universal at the 52 locations included in our analysis. Long before areas are permanently inundated, the steady creep of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise will force many communities to grapple with chronic high tide flooding in the next 15 to 30 years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020033971','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020033971"><span>Biological-Physical Coupling in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine: Satellite and Model Studies of Phytoplankton Variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Thomas, Andrew C.; Chai, F.; Townsend, D. W.; Xue, H.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The goals of this project were to acquire, process, QC, archive and analyze <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS chlorophyll fields over the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine and Scotia Shelf region. The focus of the analysis effort was to calculate and quantify seasonality and interannual. variability of <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS-measured phytoplankton biomass in the study area and compare these to physical forcing and hydrography. An additional focus within this effort was on regional differences within the heterogeneous biophysical regions of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Maine / Scotia Shelf. Overall goals were approached through the combined use of <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS and AVHRR data and the development of a coupled biology-physical numerical model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991000','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991000"><span>Horizontal movements, migration patterns, and population structure of whale sharks in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and northwestern Caribbean <span class="hlt">sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hueter, Robert E; Tyminski, John P; de la Parra, Rafael</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, aggregate by the hundreds in a summer feeding area off the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, where the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico meets the Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The aggregation remains in the nutrient-rich waters off Isla Holbox, Isla Contoy and Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo for several months in the summer and then dissipates between August and October. Little has been known about where these sharks come from or migrate to after they disperse. From 2003-2012, we used conventional visual tags, photo-identification, and satellite tags to characterize the basic population structure and large-scale horizontal movements of whale sharks that come to this feeding area off Mexico. The aggregation comprised sharks ranging 2.5-10.0 m in total length and included juveniles, subadults, and adults of both sexes, with a male-biased sex ratio (72%). Individual sharks remained in the area for an estimated mean duration of 24-33 days with maximum residency up to about 6 months as determined by photo-identification. After leaving the feeding area the sharks showed horizontal movements in multiple directions throughout the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico basin, the northwestern Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and the Straits of Florida. Returns of individual sharks to the Quintana Roo feeding area in subsequent years were common, with some animals returning for six consecutive years. One female shark with an estimated total length of 7.5 m moved at least 7,213 km in 150 days, traveling through the northern Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and across the equator to the South Atlantic Ocean where her satellite tag popped up near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We hypothesize this journey to the open waters of the Mid-Atlantic was for reproductive purposes but alternative explanations are considered. The broad movements of whale sharks across multiple political boundaries corroborates genetics data supporting gene flow between geographically distinct areas and underscores the need for management and conservation strategies for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3749210','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3749210"><span>Horizontal Movements, Migration Patterns, and Population Structure of Whale Sharks in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Northwestern Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hueter, Robert E.; Tyminski, John P.; de la Parra, Rafael</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, aggregate by the hundreds in a summer feeding area off the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, where the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico meets the Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The aggregation remains in the nutrient-rich waters off Isla Holbox, Isla Contoy and Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo for several months in the summer and then dissipates between August and October. Little has been known about where these sharks come from or migrate to after they disperse. From 2003–2012, we used conventional visual tags, photo-identification, and satellite tags to characterize the basic population structure and large-scale horizontal movements of whale sharks that come to this feeding area off Mexico. The aggregation comprised sharks ranging 2.5–10.0 m in total length and included juveniles, subadults, and adults of both sexes, with a male-biased sex ratio (72%). Individual sharks remained in the area for an estimated mean duration of 24–33 days with maximum residency up to about 6 months as determined by photo-identification. After leaving the feeding area the sharks showed horizontal movements in multiple directions throughout the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico basin, the northwestern Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, and the Straits of Florida. Returns of individual sharks to the Quintana Roo feeding area in subsequent years were common, with some animals returning for six consecutive years. One female shark with an estimated total length of 7.5 m moved at least 7,213 km in 150 days, traveling through the northern Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and across the equator to the South Atlantic Ocean where her satellite tag popped up near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We hypothesize this journey to the open waters of the Mid-Atlantic was for reproductive purposes but alternative explanations are considered. The broad movements of whale sharks across multiple political boundaries corroborates genetics data supporting gene flow between geographically distinct areas and underscores the need for management and conservation strategies</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582364','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582364"><span>Evolution of potential ecological impacts of the bottom sediment from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik; Marmara <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Turkey.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Unlü, Selma; Alpar, Bedri</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>The eastern and southern coasts of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gemlik, a resort in the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Marmara, Turkey, are under the influence of rapid ecotourism development, direct domestic and industrial discharges via rivers and outfalls, surface run-off, drainage from ports and shipping. According to sediment quality criteria in use around the world, sediment quality in the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> shows a broad spectrum. It is more related by direct input, rather than by the type of sediment, and excluding inner port and southern coasts, it does not exert adverse biological effects yet. The total PAH concentrations range from 51 to 13,482 ng/g dry weight with the mean value of 1,850 ng/g dry weight (n = 61). The elevated values of the total toxic Benzo[a]pyrene equivalency (TEQcarc), with a maximum of 1,838 ng/g dry weight, were found at the inner harbor of Gemlik, possibly posing hazard to benthic organisms. Among the different PAHs, the contribution to the total TEQcarc decreased as the following order: Benzo[a]pyrene (43.6%) > Benzo[k]fluoranthene (36.0%) > Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (35.1%) > Benzo[b]fluoranthene (20.0%) > Chrysene + Triphenylene (18.9%) > Benzo[a]anthracene (12.5%).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H11B1165L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H11B1165L"><span>Analysis of Groundwater Anomalies Estimated by GRACE and GLDAS Satellite-based Hydrological Model in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lotfata, A.; Ambinakudige, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Coastal regions face a higher risk of flooding. A rise in <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level increases flooding chances in low-lying areas. A major concern is the effect of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise on the depth of the fresh water/salt water interface in the aquifers of the coastal regions. A <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level change rise impacts the hydrological system of the aquifers. Salt water intrusion into fresh water aquifers increase water table levels. Flooding prone areas in the coast are at a higher risk of salt water intrusion. The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coast is one of the most vulnerable flood areas due to its natural weather patterns. There is not yet a local assessment of the relation between groundwater level and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rising. This study investigates the projected <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise models and the anomalous groundwater level during January 2002 to December 2016. We used the NASA Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) satellite data in the analysis. We accounted the leakage error and the measurement error in GRACE data. GLDAS data was used to calculate the groundwater storage from the total water storage estimated using GRACE data (ΔGW=ΔTWS (soil moisture, surface water, groundwater, and canopy water) - ΔGLDAS (soil moisture, surface water, and canopy water)). The preliminary results indicate that the total water storage is increasing in parts of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. GRACE data show high soil wetness and groundwater levels in Mississippi, Alabama and Texas coasts. Because <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise increases the probability of flooding in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coast and affects the groundwater, we will analyze probable interactions between <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise and groundwater in the study area. To understand regional <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise patterns, we will investigate GRACE Ocean data along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coasts. We will quantify ocean total water storage, its salinity, and its relationship with the groundwater level variations in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coast.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ISPAr42W4..219R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ISPAr42W4..219R"><span>Spatial and Temporal Analysis of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Surface Salinity Using Satellite Imagery in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rajabi, S.; Hasanlou, M.; Safari, A. R.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The recent development of satellite <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface salinity (SSS) observations has enabled us to analyse SSS variations with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this regards, The Level3-version4 data observed by Aquarius are used to examine the variability of SSS in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico for the 2012-2014 time periods. The highest SSS value occurred in April 2013 with the value of 36.72 psu while the lowest value (35.91 psu) was observed in July 2014. Based on the monthly distribution maps which will be demonstrated in the literature, it was observed that east part of the region has lower salinity values than the west part for all months mainly because of the currents which originate from low saline waters of the Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and furthermore the eastward currents like loop current. Also the minimum amounts of salinity occur in coastal waters where the river runoffs make fresh the high saline waters. Our next goal here is to study the patterns of <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (CHLa) and fresh water flux (FWF) and examine the contributions of them to SSS variations. So by computing correlation coefficients, the values obtained for SST, FWF and CHLa are 0.7, 0.22 and 0.01 respectively which indicated high correlation of SST on SSS variations. Also by considering the spatial distribution based on the annual means, it found that there is a relationship between the SSS, SST, CHLa and the latitude in the study region which can be interpreted by developing a mathematical model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNH31A1901V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNH31A1901V"><span>Impact of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise on Storm Surge and Inundation in the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Veeramony, J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Assessing the impact of climate change on surge and inundation due to tropical cyclones is important for coastal adaptation as well as mitigation efforts. Changes in global climate increase vulnerability of coastal environments to the threat posed by severe storms in a number of ways. Both the intensity of future storms as well as the return periods of more severe storms are expected to increase signficantly. Increasing mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels lead to more areas being inundated due to storm surge and bring the threat of inundation further inland. Rainfall associated with severe storms are also expected to increase substantially, which will add to the intensity of inland flooding and coastal inundation. In this study, we will examine the effects of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and increasing rainfall intensity using Hurricane Ike as the baseline. The Delft3D modeling system will be set up in nested mode, with the outermost nest covering the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The system will be run in a coupled mode, modeling both waves and the hydrodynamics. The baseline simulation will use the atmospheric forcing which consists of the NOAA H*Wind (Powell et all 1998) for the core hurricane characteristics blended with reanalyzed background winds to create a smooth wind field. The rainfall estimates are obtained from TRMM. From this baseline, a set of simulations will be performed to show the impact of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise and increased rainfall activity on flooding and inundation along theTexas-Lousiana coast.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BGD....1017859N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BGD....1017859N"><span>Picoplankton community structure before, during and after convection event in the offshore waters of the southern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Najdek, M.; Paliaga, P.; Šilović, T.; Batistić, M.; Garić, R.; Supić, N.; Ivančić, I.; Ljubimir, S.; Korlević, M.; Jasprica, N.; Hrustić, E.; Dupčić-Radić, I.; Blažina, M.; Orlić, S.</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>This paper documents the picoplankton community's response to changes in oceanographic conditions in the period between October 2011 and September 2012 at two stations belonging to South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit (SAP). The recorded data include the community's abundance, composition, prokaryotic production rates and bacterial metabolic capacity. The aforementioned interval included an intense <span class="hlt">sea</span> cooling with formation of exceptionally, record-breaking dense water. We documented an especially intense winter convection episode that completely diluted the core of Levantine intermediate waters (LIW) in a large area encompassing the SAP's center and its margin. During this convection event the whole picoplankton community had significantly higher abundances with a recorded picoeukaryotic peak at the SAP margin. In the post-convection phase in March prokaryotic heterotrophic production strongly increased in the entire SAP area (up to 50 times; 456.8 nM C day-1). The autotrophic biomass increase (up to 5 times; 4.86 μg L-1) and a disruption of a close correspondence between prokaryotic heterotrophic biomass production and cell replication rates were observed only in the center of the SAP, which was not under the influence of LIW. At the SAP's margin such an effect was attenuated by LIW, since the waters affected by LIW were characterized by decreased concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, decreased autotrophic biomasses and by increased bacterial biomass production balanced with cell replication rates as well as by the domination of Synechococcus among autotrophic picoplankton. Metabolic capacity was the lowest in spring when autotrophic biomass largely increased, while the highest levels found in the pre-convection phase (October 2011) suggests that the system was more oligotrophic before than after the convection event. Furthermore, we showed that metabolic capacity is a trait of bacterial community independent of environmental conditions and tightly linked to cell</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5470684','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5470684"><span>Environmental control of asexual reproduction and somatic growth of Aurelia spp. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) polyps from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hubot, Nathan; Lucas, Cathy H.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Polyps of two moon jellyfish species, Aurelia coerulea and A. relicta, from two <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> coastal habitats were incubated under multiple combinations of temperature (14, 21°C), salinity (24, 37 ppt) and food regime (9.3, 18.6, 27.9 μg C ind−1 week−1) to comparatively assess how these factors may influence major asexual reproduction processes in the two species. Both species exhibited a shared pattern of budding mode (Directly Budded Polyps: DBP; Stolonal Budded Polyps: SBP), with DBP favoured under low food supply (9.3 μg C ind −1 week−1) and low temperature (14°C), and SBP dominant under high temperature (21°C). However, A. coerulea showed an overall higher productivity than A. relicta, in terms of budding and podocyst production rates. Further, A. coerulea exhibited a wide physiological plasticity across different temperatures and salinities as typical adaptation to ecological features of transitional coastal habitats. This may support the hypothesis that the invasion of A. coerulea across coastal habitats worldwide has been driven by shellfish aquaculture, with scyphistoma polyps and resting stages commonly found on bivalve shells. On the contrary, A. relicta appears to be strongly stenovalent, with cold, marine environmental optimal preferences (salinity 37 ppt, T ranging 14–19°C), corroborating the hypothesis of endemicity within the highly peculiar habitat of the Mljet lake. By exposing A. relicta polyps to slightly higher temperature (21°C), a previously unknown developmental mode was observed, by the sessile polyp regressing into a dispersive, temporarily unattached and tentacle-less, non-feeding stage. This may allow A. relicta polyps to escape climatic anomalies associated to warming of surface layers and deepening of isotherms, by moving into deeper, colder layers. Overall, investigations on species-specific eco-physiological and ontogenetic potentials of polyp stages may contribute to clarify the biogeographic distribution of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614409','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614409"><span>Environmental control of asexual reproduction and somatic growth of Aurelia spp. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) polyps from the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hubot, Nathan; Lucas, Cathy H; Piraino, Stefano</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Polyps of two moon jellyfish species, Aurelia coerulea and A. relicta, from two <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> coastal habitats were incubated under multiple combinations of temperature (14, 21°C), salinity (24, 37 ppt) and food regime (9.3, 18.6, 27.9 μg C ind-1 week-1) to comparatively assess how these factors may influence major asexual reproduction processes in the two species. Both species exhibited a shared pattern of budding mode (Directly Budded Polyps: DBP; Stolonal Budded Polyps: SBP), with DBP favoured under low food supply (9.3 μg C ind -1 week-1) and low temperature (14°C), and SBP dominant under high temperature (21°C). However, A. coerulea showed an overall higher productivity than A. relicta, in terms of budding and podocyst production rates. Further, A. coerulea exhibited a wide physiological plasticity across different temperatures and salinities as typical adaptation to ecological features of transitional coastal habitats. This may support the hypothesis that the invasion of A. coerulea across coastal habitats worldwide has been driven by shellfish aquaculture, with scyphistoma polyps and resting stages commonly found on bivalve shells. On the contrary, A. relicta appears to be strongly stenovalent, with cold, marine environmental optimal preferences (salinity 37 ppt, T ranging 14-19°C), corroborating the hypothesis of endemicity within the highly peculiar habitat of the Mljet lake. By exposing A. relicta polyps to slightly higher temperature (21°C), a previously unknown developmental mode was observed, by the sessile polyp regressing into a dispersive, temporarily unattached and tentacle-less, non-feeding stage. This may allow A. relicta polyps to escape climatic anomalies associated to warming of surface layers and deepening of isotherms, by moving into deeper, colder layers. Overall, investigations on species-specific eco-physiological and ontogenetic potentials of polyp stages may contribute to clarify the biogeographic distribution of jellyfish and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12437062','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12437062"><span>Sediment pollution by heavy metals in the Strymonikos and Ierissos <span class="hlt">Gulfs</span>, North Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Greece.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stamatis, Nikolaos; Ioannidouw, Despina; Christoforidis, Achilleas; Koutrakis, Emmanouil</p> <p>2002-11-01</p> <p>Surface sediment samples from Strymonikos and Ierissos <span class="hlt">Gulfs</span> were analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni. The results showed that the sediment of Ierissos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is more polluted with Cu, Pb, and Zn as compared to that of Strymonikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. The benthal area located off the load-out facility of the mining operations in the town of Stratoni, in Ierissos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is established as the most polluted region. The distribution of Cr and Ni in both <span class="hlt">gulfs</span> indicates the natural origin of these metals with the weathering of Strymon River and of other smaller rivers rocks being responsible for their enrichment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5642265','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5642265"><span>Multigene phylogeny of the scyphozoan jellyfish family Pelagiidae reveals that the common U.S. Atlantic <span class="hlt">sea</span> nettle comprises two distinct species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gaffney, Patrick M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>-based phylogenies. A paraphyletic Chrysaora raises systematic questions at the genus level for Pelagiidae; accepting the validity of the recently erected genus Mawia, as well as past genera, will require the creation of additional pelagiid genera. Historical review of the species-delineating genetic and morphological differences indicates that Chrysaora quinquecirrha Desor 1848 applies to the U.S. Coastal Atlantic Chrysaora species (U.S. Atlantic <span class="hlt">sea</span> nettle), while the name C. chesapeakei Papenfuss 1936 applies to the U.S. Atlantic estuarine and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Chrysaora species (Atlantic bay nettle). We provide a detailed redescription, with designation of a neotype for Chrysaora chesapeakei, and clarify the description of Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Since Caribbean Chrysaora are genetically similar to Chrysaora chesapeakei, we provisionally term them Chrysaora c.f. chesapeakei. The presence of Mawia benovici off the coast of Western Africa provides a potential source region for jellyfish introduced into the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in 2013. PMID:29043109</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132692','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132692"><span>Alkylphenols in Surface Sediments of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gdansk (Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koniecko, Iga; Staniszewska, Marta; Falkowska, Lucyna; Burska, Dorota; Kielczewska, Joanna; Jasinska, Anita</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The widespread use of alkylphenols in European industry has led to their presence in the environment and the living organisms of the Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. The present study (2011-2012) was designed to determine the concentrations of alkylphenols, 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4- tert -octylphenol (OP), in surface sediments of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gdansk, a section of the Baltic that lies in close proximity to industrial and agricultural areas and borders with an agglomeration of nearly one million inhabitants. It is also where the Vistula, the largest Polish river, ends its course. In spring, large concentrations of 4-nonylphenol and 4- tert -octylphenol were washed off into the coastal zone with meltwater. In summertime, sediments near the beach had the highest alkylphenol concentrations (NP-2.31 ng g -1 dw, OP-13.09 ng g -1 dw), which was related to tourism and recreational activity. In silt sediments located off the coast, the highest NP (1.46 ng g -1 dw) and OP (6.56 ng g -1 dw) amounts were observed in autumn. The origin of OP and NP at those test stations was linked to atmospheric transport of black carbon along with adsorbed alkylphenols.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS31D..02H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS31D..02H"><span>Predicting marine physical-biogeochemical variabilities in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and southeastern U.S. shelf <span class="hlt">sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>He, R.; Zong, H.; Xue, Z. G.; Fennel, K.; Tian, H.; Cai, W. J.; Lohrenz, S. E.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>An integrated terrestrial-ocean ecosystem modeling system is developed and used to investigate marine physical-biogeochemical variabilities in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and southeastern US shelf <span class="hlt">sea</span>. Such variabilities stem from variations in the shelf circulation, boundary current dynamics, impacts of climate variability, as well as growing population and associated land use practices on transport of carbon and nutrients within terrestrial systems and their delivery to the coastal ocean. We will report our efforts in evaluating the performance of the coupled modeling system via extensive model and data comparisons, as well as findings from a suite of case studies and scenario simulations. Long-term model simulation results are used to quantify regional ocean circulation dynamics, nitrogen budget and carbon fluxes. Their corresponding sub-regional differences are also characterized and contrasted.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855314','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855314"><span>Alterations of gene expression indicating effects on estrogen signaling and lipid homeostasis in seabream hepatocytes exposed to extracts of seawater sampled from a coastal area of the central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (Italy).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cocci, Paolo; Capriotti, Martina; Mosconi, Gilberto; Campanelli, Alessandra; Frapiccini, Emanuela; Marini, Mauro; Caprioli, Giovanni; Sagratini, Gianni; Aretusi, Graziano; Palermo, Francesco Alessandro</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Recent evidences suggest that the toxicological effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) involve multiple nuclear receptor-mediated pathways, including estrogen receptor (ER) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling systems. Thus, our objective in this study was to detect the summated endocrine effects of EDCs with metabolic activity in coastal waters of the central <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by means of a toxicogenomic approach using seabream hepatocytes. Gene expression patterns were also correlated with seawater levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We found that seawater extracts taken at certain areas induced gene expression profiles of ERα/vitellogenin, PPARα/Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1A, cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and metallothionein. These increased levels of biomarkers responses correlated with spatial distribution of PAHs/PCBs concentrations observed by chemical analysis in the different study areas. Collectively, our data give a snapshot of the presence of complex EDC mixtures that are able to perturb metabolic signaling in coastal marine waters. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28025743','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28025743"><span>Relationship between organochlorine pesticides and stress indicators in hawksbill <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting at Punta Xen (Campeche), Southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tremblay, Nelly; Ortíz Arana, Alejandro; González Jáuregui, Mauricio; Rendón-von Osten, Jaime</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Data on the impact of environmental pollution on the homeostasis of <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles remains scarce, particularly in the Southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. As many municipalities along the coastline of the Yucatan Peninsula do not rely on a waste treatment plant, these organisms could be particularly vulnerable. We searched for relationships between the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and the level of several oxidative and pollutant stress indicators of the hawksbill <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) during the 2010 nesting season at Punta Xen (Campeche, Mexico). Of the 30 sampled <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles, endosulfans, aldrin related (aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, endrin ketone, endrin aldehyde) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDT) families were detected in 17, 21 and 26, respectively. Significant correlation existed between the size of <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles with the concentration of methoxychlor, cholinesterase activity in plasma and heptachlors family, and catalase activity and hexachlorohexane family. Cholinesterase activity in washed erythrocytes and lipid peroxidation were positively correlated with glutathione reductase activity. Antioxidant enzyme actions seem adequate as no lipids damages were correlated with any OCPs. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of OCPs on males of the area due to the significant detection of methoxychlor, which target endocrine functioning and increases its concentration with <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles size.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16..560V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16..560V"><span>Development of climate risk services under climate change scenarios in the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coast (Italy).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Valentina, Gallina; Silvia, Torresan; Anna, Sperotto; Elisa, Furlan; Andrea, Critto; Antonio, Marcomini</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Nowadays, the challenge for coastal stakeholders and decision makers is to incorporate climate change in land and policy planning in order to ensure a sustainable integrated coastal zone management aimed at preserve coastal environments and socio-economic activities. Consequently, an increasing amount of information on climate variability and its impact on human and natural ecosystem is requested. Climate risk services allows to bridge the gap between climate experts and decision makers communicating timely science-based information about impacts and risks related to climate change that could be incorporated into land planning, policy and practice. Within the CLIM-RUN project (FP7), a participatory Regional Risk Assessment (RRA) methodology was applied for the evaluation of water-related hazards in coastal areas (i.e. pluvial flood and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise inundation risks) taking into consideration future climate change scenarios in the case study of the North <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> for the period 2040-2050. Specifically, through the analysis of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and risk and the application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), the RRA methodology allowed to identify and prioritize targets (i.e. residential and commercial-industrial areas, beaches, infrastructures, wetlands, agricultural typology) and sub-areas that are more likely to be affected by pluvial flood and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level rise impacts in the same region. From the early stages of the climate risk services development and application, the RRA followed a bottom-up approach taking into account the needs, knowledge and perspectives of local stakeholders dealing with the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), by means of questionnaires, workshops and focus groups organized within the project. Specifically, stakeholders were asked to provide their needs in terms of time scenarios, geographical scale and resolution, choice of receptors, vulnerability factors and thresholds that were considered in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-07/pdf/2013-02786.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-07/pdf/2013-02786.pdf"><span>78 FR 9024 - <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Turtle Conservation; Shrimp Trawling Requirements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-02-07</p> <p>...-BC10 <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Turtle Conservation; Shrimp Trawling Requirements AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) to Reduce Incidental Bycatch and Mortality of <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Turtles in the... DEIS and proposed rule in response to elevated <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle strandings in the Northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950049117&hterms=gravimetric+methods&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dgravimetric%2Bmethods','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950049117&hterms=gravimetric+methods&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dgravimetric%2Bmethods"><span>Preliminary estimates of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream characteristics from TOPEX data and a precise gravimetric geoid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rapp, Richard H.; Smith, Dru A.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>TOPEX <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height data has been used, with a gravimetric geoid, to calculate <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface topography across the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream. This topography was initially computed for nine tracks on cycles 21 to 29. Due to inaccurate geoid undulations on one track, results for eight tracks are reported. The <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface topography estimates were used to calculate parameters that describe <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream characteristics from two models of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream. One model was based on a Gaussian representation of the velocity while the other was a hyperbolic representation of velocity or the <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface topography. The parameters of the Gaussian velocity model fit were a width parameter, a maximum velocity value, and the location of the maximum velocity. The parameters of the hyperbolic <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface topography model were the width, the height jump, position, and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface topography at the center of the stream. Both models were used for the eight tracks and nine cycles studied. Comparisons were made between the width parameters, the maximum velocities, and the height jumps. Some of the parameter estimates were found to be highly (0.9) correlated when the hyperbolic <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface topography fit was carried out, but such correlations were reduced for either the Gaussian velocity fits or the hyperbolic velocity model fit. A comparison of the parameters derived from 1-year TOPEX data showed good agreement with values derived by Kelly (1991) using 2.5 years of Geosat data near 38 deg N, 66 deg W longitude. Accuracy of the geoid undulations used in the calculations was of order of +/- 16 cm with the accuracy of a geoid undulation difference equal to +/- 15 cm over a 100-km line in areas with good terrestrial data coverage. This paper demonstrates that our knowledge or geoid undulations and undulation differences, in a portion of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream region, is sufficiently accurate to determine characteristics of the jet when used with TOPEX altimeter data. The method used here has not been shown to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRB..123..780K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRB..123..780K"><span>The Influence of Sediment Isostatic Adjustment on <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Change and Land Motion Along the U.S. <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuchar, Joseph; Milne, Glenn; Wolstencroft, Martin; Love, Ryan; Tarasov, Lev; Hijma, Marc</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rise presents a hazard for coastal populations, and the Mississippi Delta (MD) is a region particularly at risk due to the high rates of land subsidence. We apply a gravitationally self-consistent model of glacial and sediment isostatic adjustment (SIA) along with a realistic sediment load reconstruction in this region for the first time to determine isostatic contributions to relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level (RSL) and land motion. We determine optimal model parameters (Earth rheology and ice history) using a new high-quality compaction-free <span class="hlt">sea</span> level indicator database. Using the optimal model parameters, we show that SIA can lower predicted RSL in the MD area by several meters over the Holocene and so should be taken into account when modeling these data. We compare modeled contemporary rates of vertical land motion with those inferred using GPS. This comparison indicates that isostatic processes can explain the majority of the observed vertical land motion north of latitude 30.7°N, where subsidence rates average about 1 mm/yr; however, subsidence south of this latitude shows large data-model discrepancies of greater than 3 mm/yr, indicating the importance of nonisostatic processes. This discrepancy extends to contemporary RSL change, where we find that the SIA contribution in the Delta is on the order of 10-1 mm/yr. We provide estimates of the isostatic contributions to 20th and 21st century <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rates at <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Permanent Service for Mean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level tide gauge locations as well as vertical and horizontal land motion at GPS station locations near the MD.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941644','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941644"><span>Interactive effects of vegetation and sediment properties on erosion of salt marshes in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lo, V B; Bouma, T J; van Belzen, J; Van Colen, C; Airoldi, L</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>We investigated how lateral erosion control, measured by novel photogrammetry techniques, is modified by the presence of Spartina spp. vegetation, sediment grain size, and the nutrient status of salt marshes across 230 km of the Italian Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> coastline. Spartina spp. vegetation reduced erosion across our study sites. The effect was more pronounced in sandy soils, where erosion was reduced by 80% compared to 17% in silty soils. Erosion resistance was also enhanced by Spartina spp. root biomass. In the absence of vegetation, erosion resistance was enhanced by silt content, with mean erosion 72% lower in silty vs. sandy soils. We found no relevant relationships with nutrient status, likely due to overall high nutrient concentrations and low C:N ratios across all sites. Our results contribute to quantifying coastal protection ecosystem services provided by salt marshes in both sandy and silty sediments. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.4248R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.4248R"><span>Rock magnetic parameters and Sr-Nd isotopes as tracers of continental erosion in Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden during the last 20,000 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rojas, V.; Bouilloux, A.; Meynadier, L.; Valet, J.-P.; Joron, J.-L.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Over the past 20,000 years earth climate has undergone important changes that include the transition from the last glaciation to the Holocene with the retreat of glaciers, the modification of atmospheric circulation systems and hydrologic regimes. The production and transport of matter into the ocean was influenced by these variations in climatic conditions. In this study we considered the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden as basins that offer a particular geographic and geological setting and that could be of interest in understanding climate variations and their effects in local erosion. The study of two cores in each side of the Bab-el-Mandeb strait (MD 92-1002 in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden and MD 92-1008 in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>) allows the comparison between the open ocean and a more isolated basin. Additionally, this is an intertropical region influenced by African and Asian monsoons whose intensities can vary depending on climate and wind patterns. Erosion and matter transfer from the continents to these basins in response to climate changes can be studied using different approaches including rock magnetism, sedimentology and radiogenic isotopes. Neodymium isotope ratios (expressed here in ɛNd) are a useful tracer of oceanic sediments sources and type of transport and can be used as a signature of specific water masses. The main sources of Nd in oceans are fluvial and eolian inputs originated from the erosion of the continental crust. We measured ɛNd values in both cores of the silicate and carbonate phases, which correspond respectively to detrital and dissolved Nd. We observe differences between the isotopic records of the two basins. In the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden detrital and dissolved ɛNd values show large changes linked to the Glacial-Interglacial transition, in agreement with other studies in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Both signals decreased by 1.5 ɛNd units between the LGM and the Holocene. By comparing these results with those from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, we observe a less clear decrease</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013DSRI...74...14W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013DSRI...74...14W"><span>High salinity events in the northern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhankun; DiMarco, Steven F.; Jochens, Ann E.; Ingle, Stephanie</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Moored observations in the northern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> (NAS) show substantial velocity, temperature and dissolved oxygen fluctuations, accompanied by episodic high salinity intrusions with maximum values≥37.3 on time scales of 2-10 days after the passage of Cyclone Gonu in 2007. These events are characterized by a rapid increase in temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen followed by an abrupt decline. The mechanisms behind these high salinity events are investigated using a comprehensive dataset of temperature and salinity profiles from ARGO floats and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height anomaly maps. The spatial and temporal distribution of the Persian/Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> outflow to the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman is also studied using ARGO profiles. Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> water (PGW) is mainly measured close to the Strait of Hormuz or along the Oman coast on the continental slope in the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman. Both mooring and ARGO data show that high salinity PGW can be advected off the slope and into the interior. More high salinity water is measured in the interior of the <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman within three months after the Gonu passage in summer 2007, which is caused by the combination effect of the oceanic responses to Cyclone Gonu and a clockwise eddy circulation located at northern Ras al Hadd. At other times, the high salinity water appears more in isolated patches and rare in the interior. This study provides a first look at the high salinity events appearing after Gonu and the properties and dynamics of the PGW in the northern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and <span class="hlt">Sea</span> of Oman.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7366S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7366S"><span>Cascading of high salinity bottom waters from the Arabian/Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> to the northern Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shapiro, Georgy; Wobus, Fred; Solovyev, Vladimir; Francis, Xavier; Hyder, Patrick; Chen, Feng; Asif, Muhammad</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>-mesoscale circulation patterns of the outflow, their spatial and temporal variability over time scales from a few days to seasonal. References Shapiro, G.I.; Huthnance, J.M.; Ivanov, V.V.. 2003 Dense water cascading off the continental shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (C12). 3390.10.1029/2002JC001610 Ivanov, V.V.; Shapiro, G.I.; Huthnance, J.M.; Aleynik, D.L.; Golovin, P.N.. 2004 Cascades of dense water around the world ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 60 (1). 47-98.10.1016/j.pocean.2003.12.002 Bower, A. S., H. D. Hunt and J. Price, 2000. Character and Dynamics of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Outflows. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, Vol. 105, No. C3, pp. 6387-6414.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5291542','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5291542"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rise drives increased tidal flooding frequency at tide gauges along the U.S. East and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coasts: Projections for 2030 and 2045</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fitzpatrick, Melanie F.; Spanger-Siegfried, Erika</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Tidal flooding is among the most tangible present-day effects of global <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. Here, we utilize a set of NOAA tide gauges along the U.S. East and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coasts to evaluate the potential impact of future <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise on the frequency and severity of tidal flooding. Using the 2001–2015 time period as a baseline, we first determine how often tidal flooding currently occurs. Using localized <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise projections based on the Intermediate-Low, Intermediate-High, and Highest projections from the U.S. National Climate Assessment, we then determine the frequency and extent of such flooding at these locations for two near-term time horizons: 2030 and 2045. We show that increases in tidal flooding will be substantial and nearly universal at the 52 locations included in our analysis. Long before areas are permanently inundated, the steady creep of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise will force many communities to grapple with chronic high tide flooding in the next 15 to 30 years. PMID:28158209</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001336&hterms=Dark+web&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DDark%2Bweb','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001336&hterms=Dark+web&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DDark%2Bweb"><span>Temperature of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream is one of the strong ocean currents that carries warm water from the sunny tropics to higher latitudes. The current stretches from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico up the East Coast of the United States, departs from North America south of the Chesapeake Bay, and heads across the Atlantic to the British Isles. The water within the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream moves at the stately pace of 4 miles per hour. Even though the current cools as the water travels thousands of miles, it remains strong enough to moderate the Northern European climate. The image above was derived from the infrared measurements of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on a nearly cloud-free day over the east coast of the United States. The coldest waters are shown as purple, with blue, green, yellow, and red representing progressively warmer water. Temperatures range from about 7 to 22 degrees Celsius. The core of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream is very apparent as the warmest water, dark red. It departs from the coast at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The cool, shelf water from the north entrains the warmer outflows from the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. The north wall of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream reveals very complex structure associated with frontal instabilities that lead to exchanges between the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream and inshore waters. Several clockwise-rotating warm core eddies are evident north of the core of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream, which enhance the exchange of heat and water between the coastal and deep ocean. Cold core eddies, which rotate counter clockwise, are seen south of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream. The one closest to Cape Hatteras is entraining very warm <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Stream waters on its northwest circumference. Near the coast, shallower waters have warmed due to solar heating, while the deeper waters offshore are markedly cooler (dark blue). MODIS made this observation on May 8, 2000, at 11:45 a.m. EDT. For more information, see the MODIS-Ocean web page. The <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature image was created at the University of Miami using</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CSR....30..319V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CSR....30..319V"><span>Temporal variability in <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS derived apparent optical properties in European <span class="hlt">seas</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vantrepotte, V.; Mélin, F.</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p>The 10-year record of ocean color data provided by the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS mission is an important asset for monitoring and research activities conducted on the optically complex European <span class="hlt">seas</span>. This study makes use of the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS data set of normalized water leaving radiances LWN to study the major characteristics of temporal variability associated with optical properties across the entire European domain. Specifically, the time series of LWN and associated band ratios are decomposed into terms representing a fixed seasonal cycle, irregular variations and trends, and the contribution of these components to the total variance is described for the various basins. The diversity of the European waters is fully reflected by the range of results varying with regions and wavelengths. Generally, the Mediterranean and Baltic <span class="hlt">seas</span> appear as two end-members with, respectively, high and low contributions of the seasonal component to the total variance. The existence of linear trends affecting the satellite products is also explored for each basin. By focusing the analysis on LWN and band ratios, the validity of the results is not limited by the varying levels of uncertainty that characterize derived products such as the concentration of chlorophyll a in optically complex waters. Statistically significant, and in some cases large, trends are detected in the Atlantic Ocean west of the European western shelf, the central North <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the English Channel, the Black <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span>, and various regions of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the northern Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, revealing changes in the concentrations of optically significant constituents in these regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcScD...8.1369C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011OcScD...8.1369C"><span>Mesoscale variability of water masses in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> as revealed by ARGO floats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carton, X.; L'Hegaret, P.</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>By analysing ARGO float data over the last four years, some aspects of the mesoscale variability of water masses in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> are described. The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water outflow is strong in the Southwestern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, in particular when a cyclonic gyre predominates in this region. Salinities of 36.5 and temperatures of 16 °C are found there between 600 and 1000 m depths. The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water is more dilute in the eastern part of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, and fragments of this water mass can be advected offshore across the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> or towards its northern coast by the regional gyres. The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Water outflow is also detected along the northeastern coast of Socotra, and fragments of RSW are found between one and three degrees of latitude north of this island. In the whole <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, the correlation between the deep motions of the floats and the SSH measured by altimetry is strong, at regional scale. The finer scale details of the float trajectories are more often related to the anomalous water masses that they encounter. The Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Water (PGW) is found in the float profiles near Ras ash Sharbatat (near 57° E, 18° N), again with 36.5 in salinity and about 18-19 °C in temperature. These observations were achieved in winter when the southwestward monsoon currents can advect PGW along the South Arabian coast. Fragments of PGW are found in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span> between 18 and 20° N and 63 and 65° E, showing that this water mass can escape the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman southeastward, in particular during summer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS33A1435P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS33A1435P"><span>Modelling the temporal and spatial distribution of ecological variables in Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pan, H.; Huang, L.; Yang, S.; Shi, D.; Pan, W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is an important semi-enclosed <span class="hlt">gulf</span> located in northern South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. It is rich in natural resources and its coastal rim is undergoing a rapid economic growth in recent years. Study on the spatial and temporal distribution of ecological variables by the influence of physical and biological processes in Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> can provide the theoretical basis for the utilization of resources and environmental protection. Based on the MEC three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) model was applied to simulate the distribution of ecological variables in Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. The result shows that the ecosystem in Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is significantly influenced by dynamic conditions. In autumn and winter, great amount of nutrient-rich water from western Guangdong coastal area passes through Qiongzhou Strait and flows into Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, with about 108.3×103 t of inorganic nitrogen and 3.7×103 t of phosphate annually, leading to phytoplankton bloom. In summer, most of the nutrients come from rivers so high concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a appear on estuaries. The annual net nutrient inputs from South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span> into Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> are 66.6×103 t for inorganic nitrogen and 4.6×103 t for phosphate. Phytoplankton plays an important role in nutrients' refreshment: a) Absorption by the process of photosynthesis is the biggest nutrient sink. b) Cellular release from dead phytoplankton is the biggest source in inorganic budget, making up for 33.4% of nitrogen consumed by photosynthesis while the process of respiration is the biggest source in phosphate budget, making up for 32.4% of phosphorus consumed by photosynthesis. c) Mineralization from detritus is also a considerable supplement of inorganic nutrients. Overall, biological process has more influence than physical process on the nutrient cycle budget in Beibu <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. The comparison of the result with remote sensing and in-situ data indicates that the model is able to simulate the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMS...163..125W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMS...163..125W"><span>A note on the flow of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Intermediate Water in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wafar, Mohideen</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>In this short communication, we compare our results with an earlier study by Churchill et al. (2014) who arrived at similar findings. Recently we published a paper (Wafar et al., 2016) on the spread of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Intermediate Water (GAIW) in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in Journal of Marine Systems. Churchill et al. (2014) published findings similar to ours earlier than we did but by unfortunate oversight we failed to cite their paper when we wrote ours. We sincerely regret this negligence. The important findings from the study of Churchill et al. (2014) are that the GAIW: flows as a coastal current along Saudi coast, is traceable up to about 24°N, constitutes a source of new N to the coastal reef ecosystems, and is transported across the basin in an anticyclonic eddy circulation. Our findings agree with these. Our results also demonstrate the presence of GAIW still further north, as far as 26°N, by using a multiple tracer analysis, and the entrainment of GAIW in more than one anticyclonic eddy circulation. Regardless of the precedence, the results from the study of Churchill et al. (2014) and subsequently ours together add definite proof of GAIW flowing as an eastern boundary current which was only surmised before. While we have not examined the importance of GAIW as a source of new N to coral reefs, our demonstration that the GAIW is entrained across the basin in several eddy circulations, besides being consistent with the findings of Churchill et al. (2014), strongly supports the possibility that this is a mechanism of determining the extents of basin-wide biological production. Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is a <span class="hlt">sea</span> area that remains even now less intensively sampled and it is extremely unfortunate that a recent paper like that of Churchill et al. (2014) escaped our attention. However, we are happy that our findings are consistent with theirs and build more on what they deduced on the flow of GAIW and its role on nutrient enrichment of the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> waters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1213514C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1213514C"><span>Strain transients in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Corinth (Greece)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Canitano, Alexandre; Bernard, Pascal; Linde, Alan; Sacks, Selwyn; Boudin, Frederick</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Corinth (Greece) is one of the most seismic regions in Europe, producing some earthquakes of magnitude greater than 5.8 in the last 35 years, 1 to 1.5 cm/yr of north-south extension, and frequent seismic swarms. This structure is a 110 km long, N110E oriented graben bounded by systems of very recent normal faults. This zone thus provides an ideal site for investigating in situ the physics of earthquake sources and for developing efficient seismic hazard reduction procedures. The Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) project is concentrated in the western part of the rift, around the city of Aigion, where instrumental seismicity and strain rate is highest. The CRL Network is made up about fifteen seismic stations as well as tiltmeters, strainmeters or GPS in order to study the local seismicity, and to observe and model the short and long term mechanics of the normal fault system. The instrumental seismicity in the Aigion zone clearly shows a strong concentration of small earthquakes between 5 and 10 km. In order to study slow transient deformation, two borehole strainmeters have been installed in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (Trizonia, Monasteraki). The strainmeter installed in the Trizonia island is continuously recording the horizontal strain at 150m depth with a resolution better than 10-9. The dominant signal is the earth and <span class="hlt">sea</span> tidal effects (few 10-7 strain), this one is modulated by the mechanical effects of the free oscillations of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> with periods between 8 and 40 min. The barometric pressure fluctuations acts in combination with the mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level variation at longer periods and both effects are not independant. The comparison between the strain data and the two forcing signals (<span class="hlt">sea</span>-level, barometric pressure) shows clearly a non zero phase delay of the <span class="hlt">sea</span>-level. The analysis of time correlations between the signals in differents frequency range exhibits that the <span class="hlt">sea</span> level delay and the strainmeter/<span class="hlt">sea</span>-level coupling coefficient are increasing with period (about 1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28734569','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28734569"><span>Factor associated variations in the home range of a resident <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> common bottlenose dolphin population.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rako-Gospić, Nikolina; Radulović, Marko; Vučur, Tihana; Pleslić, Grgur; Holcer, Draško; Mackelworth, Peter</p> <p>2017-11-15</p> <p>This study investigates the influence of the most dominant factors (association patterns, gender, natal philopatry and anthropogenic pressure) on the home range size of the 44 most resident common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the waters of the Cres-Lošinj archipelago (north <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, Croatia), a recently declared NATURA 2000 SCI. Results show that variations in home range patterns (MCP, 95% KDE and 50% KDE home range size) among the individual resident dolphins are primarily related to differences in gender and reflect the way in which different genders respond to external stressors. In addition, results confirm the seasonal influence of nautical tourism on both female and male dolphins through changes in their home range sizes. The overall results improve current knowledge of the main anthropogenic threats that should be taken into consideration when developing conservation measures to be applied to this Cres and Lošinj SCI. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10696718','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10696718"><span>Benthic fluxes of cadmium, lead, copper and nitrogen species in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in front of the River Po outflow, Italy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zago, C; Capodaglio, G; Ceradini, S; Ciceri, G; Abelmoschi, L; Soggia, F; Cescon, P; Scarponi, G</p> <p>2000-02-10</p> <p>Trace heavy metal (Cd, Pb and Cu) and nitrogen species (N-NO3, N-NO2 and N-NH4) fluxes between sediment and water were examined for approximately 4 days, in a coastal marine station located in the northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> in front of the River Po outflow. An in situ benthic chamber, equipped with electronic devices for monitoring and adjustment of oxygen and pH and with a temperature detector, was used. The benthic chamber experiment enabled study of the temporal trend of metals and nutrients when oxygen concentration varied in a controlled environment. Although particular care was devoted to chamber deposition and parameter control, sediment resuspension occurred at the beginning of the experiment and O2 fluctuations were observed during the course of the experiment. Pb concentration was affected by both resuspension and oxic conditions in bottom water, which prevented determination of any reasonable Pb flux value. Cd and Cu, not influenced by oxygen fluctuations, reached an equilibrium phase in a short period with initial positive fluxes from sediment of 0.68 (S.D. = 0.07) and 6.9 (S.D. = 5.6) pmol cm(-2) h(-1), respectively. With regard to nitrogen species, the highest positive flux was that of N-NH4 (10.5, S.D. = 2.4, nmol cm(-2) h(-1)) whose concentration increased in the chamber, while nitrate concentration (initial flux of -5.7, S.D. = 1.5, nmol cm(-2) h(-1)) immediately decreased after the beginning of the experiment. Nitrite concentration was almost constant throughout the experiment and its flux was generally low (initial flux 0.1, S.D. = 0.9, nmol cm(-2) h(-1)).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26087877','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26087877"><span>Fouling communities and degradation of archeological metals in the coastal <span class="hlt">sea</span> of the Southwestern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>López Garrido, Pedro H; González-Sánchez, J; Escobar Briones, Elva</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Corrosion and biofouling phenomena of cast iron and brass were evaluated under natural conditions to determine the degradation process of archeological artifacts. Field exposure studies of experimental materials were conducted over 15 months at an offshore position in the <span class="hlt">sea</span> of Campeche in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. Corrosion was determined by gravimetric measurements. The community structure of the benthic assemblage inhabiting the surfaces of both materials was evaluated. A total of 53 species was identified. The community in both cases was composed of a small number of species. Encrusting, attached and erect life forms were dominant on iron. Attached life forms were dominant on brass. Biofouling produced a decrease in the weight loss measurements of cast iron samples. Biofouling provided a beneficial factor for in situ preservation of iron archeological artifacts in wreck sites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.303..434M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.303..434M"><span>Reconstructing Holocene shore displacement and Stone Age palaeogeography from a foredune sequence on Ruhnu Island, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga, Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Muru, Merle; Rosentau, Alar; Preusser, Frank; Plado, Jüri; Sibul, Ivo; Jõeleht, Argo; Bjursäter, Stefan; Aunap, Raivo; Kriiska, Aivar</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Holocene shore displacement and the palaeogeography of Late Mesolithic and Late Neolithic settlements on Ruhnu Island, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga, were reconstructed using foredune sequence luminescence dating, sedimentological data supported by ground-penetrating radar analysis, and GIS-based landscape modelling. The foredune ridges consist of very well to well sorted fine- to medium-grained aeolian sand and are underlain by seaward dipping foreshore sediments. The studied sequence of 38 ridges was formed between 6.91 ± 0.58 ka and 2.54 ± 0.19 ka ago, and represents a period of falling relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. Foredune plain progradation, with average rates of 0.3-0.6 m per year, was controlled by isostatic land uplift, which caused a continuous withdrawal of shorelines to lower elevations. The dated foredune succession was used to reconstruct the coastal palaeogeography of the island. Palaeogeographical reconstructions show that during two phases of Late Mesolithic habitation, at ca. 7.2 cal. ka BP and 6.2 cal. ka BP, seal hunters settled the coastal zone of Ruhnu Island. Based on tool material and pottery type they could have originated from Saaremaa Island, which according to palaeoreconstruction of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga, was located approximately 70 km northwest of Ruhnu Island during the Late Mesolithic. Later signs of human occupation, radiocarbon dated to ca. 4.7 cal. ka BP, were from the centre of the island, hundreds of metres away from the shore at about 8 m above its contemporary <span class="hlt">sea</span> level. This Late Neolithic habitation shows a clearly different pattern than earlier coastal settlement, and suggests a shift in subsistence strategy towards agriculture and animal husbandry.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/gulfofmexico/why-habitat-restoration-near-gulf-mexico-essential','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/gulfofmexico/why-habitat-restoration-near-gulf-mexico-essential"><span>Why is Habitat Restoration Near the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Essential?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico coastal wetlands protect coastal areas from storm damage and <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, support tourism, hunting, and fishing, serve as nesting and foraging habitat for wildlife, improve water quality by removing pollutants, and minimize erosion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/35940','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/35940"><span>Understanding the science of climate change: Talking points - Impacts to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Rachel Loehman; Greer Anderson</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Predicted climate changes in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast bioregion include increased air and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperatures, altered fire regimes and rainfall patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events, rising <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels, increased hurricane intensity, and potential destruction of coastal wetlands and the species that reside within them. Prolonged drought conditions, storm...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28610132','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28610132"><span>Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, including description of two new species and 11 new records.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bonyadi-Naeini, Alieh; Rastegar-Pouyani, Nasrullah; Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar; Glasby, Christopher J; Rahimian, Hassan</p> <p>2017-03-17</p> <p>Currently, only 31 nereidid species are known from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the poorly known diversity of nereidid polychaetes from <span class="hlt">seas</span> of the southern coasts of Iran. Specimens were collected from 23 locations along the intertidal zones of the two water bodies. Among the 26 species found: two are new, and are described here, including Simplisetia qeshmensis sp. nov. and Neanthes biparagnatha sp. nov.; 11 are new geographical records. Neanthes biparagnatha sp. nov. is most similar to N. deplanata (Mohammed, 1971), which is also found in the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, but can be most easily distinguished from it by the presence of bars in addition to cones in Area IV of the pharynx. Simplisetia qeshmensis sp. nov. may be distinguished from its closest congener, S. erythraeensis (Fauvel, 1918), also reported from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, by having a greater number of paragnaths in Area I of the pharynx, an additional type of chaeta (homogomph spinigers) in the ventral neuropodial fascicle and having a reduced notopodial lobe in posterior chaetigers. The list of new records includes: one species from both areas, Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921); eight species from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, Leonnates decipiens Fauvel, 1929, Neanthes acuminata (Ehlers, 1868), Neanthes sp., Neanthes sp. cf. N. acuminata, Nereis sp. cf. N. pelagica Linnaeus, 1758, Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) species complex., Pseudonereis trimaculata (Horst, 1924), Pseudonereis sp. cf. P. variegata (Grube, 1857) and two from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman, Leonnates persicus Wesenberg-Lund, 1949 and Perinereis kuwaitensis Mohammed, 1970. The present study brings to 40 the number of nereidid species currently known from the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman. A taxonomic key to nereidid species from the intertidal zones of the Persian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman is presented to facilitate future investigations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22320695','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22320695"><span>Determination of perfluorinated alkylated substances in sediments and sediment core from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gdańsk, Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Falandysz, Jerzy; Rostkowski, Paweł; Jarzyńska, Grażyna; Falandysz, Jaromir J; Taniyasu, Sachi; Yamashita, Nobuyoshi</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) have been determined in surface sediments and sediment core from <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Gdańsk, Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulphonate (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoronanoate (PFNA), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluoroundecanote (PFUnDA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) were quantified after isotopic dilution ((13)C(4) PFOS and (13)C(4) PFOA), liquid-liquid extractions by methanol and acetonitrile, cleanup by Envi-Carb, OasisWAX and Envi-Carb and final measurement by HPLC-MS/MS. PFOS, PFHxS, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA and PFOA were found in Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> sediments in concentrations exceeding the method limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2 pg/g. PFOS was detected in concentration up to 0.896 ng/g dry weight and PFHxS up to 0.326 ng/g dw, which shows on a weak pollution. PFOS (48-74%) or PFHxS (45-56%) dominated in PFAS composition of sediments surveyed. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A to view the free supplemental file.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMOS13D1256Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMOS13D1256Y"><span>Seasonal Overturning Circulation in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yao, F.; Hoteit, I.; Koehl, A.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> exhibits a distinct seasonal overturning circulation. In winter, a typical two-layer exchange structure, with a fresher inflow from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden on top of an outflow from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, is established. In summer months (June to September) this circulation pattern is changed to a three-layer structure: a surface outflow from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> on top of a subsurface intrusion of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Intermediate Water and a weakened deep outflow. This seasonal variability is studied using a general circulation model, MITgcm, with 6 hourly NCEP atmospheric forcing. The model is able to reproduce the observed seasonal variability very well. The forcing mechanisms of the seasonal variability related to seasonal surface wind stress and buoyancy flux, and water mass transformation processes associated with the seasonal overturning circulation are analyzed and presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6241S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6241S"><span>Impact of two-way ocean atmosphere coupling on precipitation forecast for the coastal <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smerkol, Peter; Cedilnik, Jure; Fettich, Anja; Licer, Matjaz; Strajnar, Benedikt; Jerman, Jure</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>A two-way coupled ocean and atmosphere modeling system has been developed at Slovenian Environment Agency and the National Institute of Biology (Ličer at al., 2016). The system comprises 4.4 km ALADIN/ALARO limited-area numerical weather prediction model and Princeton Ocean Model (POM) for <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">sea</span> and uses Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) as ocean component outside the POM model domain. The heat and momentum fluxes between <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface and atmosphere as estimated by ALADIN model are transferred into POM every model time stamp, and <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface temperature (SST) is returned from POM to ALADIN. A positive impact of such a coupling system with respect to one-way coupling was demonstrated mainly for <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface variables. In this contribution we study the impact on atmospheric variables, mainly precipitation. Unlike in the previous work where the atmospheric part of the system was reinitialized every day from external (non-coupled) data assimilation cycle, we implement the two-way coupling in the data assimilation cycle for ALADIN. Rather than running long-term simulations which would presumably lack observational information given no data assimilation for the ocean component, we focus on several precipitation events and assess performance of the atmospheric model by running the coupled system for a short warm-up periods beforehand the events. We evaluate several approaches to applying the one- or two-way coupling (in the warm-up period, during the main forecast, or both) and several approaches to using SST information in ALADIN in the one-way coupled mode (POM, MFS, global atmospheric model). Preliminary results suggest that it is important that two-way coupling is applied not only during the long term (e.g. 72 h) forecast but also already in the data assimilation cycle prior to event.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA06427.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA06427.html"><span>Rita Roars Through a Warm <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> September 22, 2005</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2005-09-22</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">sea</span> surface height map of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, with the Florida peninsula on the right and the Texas-Mexico <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast on the left, is based on altimeter data from four satellites including NASA’s Topex/Poseidon and Jason. Red indicates a strong circulation of much warmer waters, which can feed energy to a hurricane. This area stands 35 to 60 centimeters (about 13 to 23 inches) higher than the surrounding waters of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. The actual track of a hurricane is primarily dependent upon steering winds, which are forecasted through the use of atmospheric models. However, the interaction of the hurricane with the upper ocean is the primary source of energy for the storm. Hurricane intensity is therefore greatly affected by the upper ocean temperature structure and can exhibit explosive growth over warm ocean currents and eddies. Eddies are currents of water that run contrary to the direction of the main current. According to the forecasted track through the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, Hurricane Rita will continue crossing the warm waters of a <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico circulation feature called the Loop Current and then pass near a warm-water eddy called the Eddy Vortex, located in the north central <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, south of Louisiana. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06427</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12159596','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12159596"><span>Changing patterns of migration in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schatzer, P</p> <p>1988-06-01</p> <p>International migration in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> countries of Albania, Greece, Italy, San Marino, and Yugoslavia is briefly examined using data from official and other published sources. The main types of migratory movements identified by the author within the region are "1) economically motivated migration (legal and clandestine); 2) immigration of refugees for resettlement; 3) immigration with the scope of final resettlement in a third country (transit movements); [and] 4) return migration by former emigrants." excerpt</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO14F2876K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO14F2876K"><span>Seasonality of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Mixed-Layer Depth and Density Budget</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kartadikaria, A. R.; Cerovecki, I.; Krokos, G.; Hoteit, I.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> is an active area of water mass formation. Dense water initially formed in the northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Suez, spreads southward and finally flows to the open ocean through the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden via the narrow strait of Bab Al Mandeb. The signature of this outflow can be traced until the southern Indian Ocean, and is characterized by potential density of σθ ≈ 27.4. This water mass is important because it represents a significant source of heat and salt for the Indian Ocean. Using a high-resolution 1km regional MITgcm ocean model for the period 1992-2001 configured for the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, we examine the spatio-temporal characteristics of water mass formation inside the basin by analyzing closed and complete temperature and salinity budgets. The deepest mixed-layers (MLD) always develop in the northern part of the basin where surface ocean buoyancy loss leads to the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Intermediate and Deep Water formation. As this water is advected south, it is strongly modified by diapycnal mixing of heat and salt.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ECSS..131...31K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ECSS..131...31K"><span>Long-term changes of fisheries landings in enclosed <span class="hlt">gulf</span> lagoons (Amvrakikos <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, W Greece): Influences of fishing and other human impacts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Katselis, George N.; Moutopoulos, Dimitrios K.; Dimitriou, Evagelos N.; Koutsikopoulos, Constantin</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>The present study analyses long-term annual fishery landings time series (1980-2007) for species derived from six lagoons (covering about 70 km2) around an important European wetland, the fjord-like Amvrakikos <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Landing trends for most abundant species revealed that typical lagoon fish species-groups, such as Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus, Chelon labrosus, Liza saliens, Liza aurata and Liza ramada), eels (Anguilla anguilla) and Gobies (mainly Zosteriosessor ophiocephalus) had largely decreased, while the landings of Sparus aurata increased during the entire study period. These trends led to a significant change in species composition during recent years that might be attributed to large-scale climatic changes as well as serious anthropogenic impacts that degraded the water quality and altered the hydrology within the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> and lagoons, the increase of fishing exploitation in Amvrakikos <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, the expansion of aquaculture activities within the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, the application of new fishing management practices in lagoons, and the increase of fish-eating <span class="hlt">sea</span>-bird populations. The findings are needed for the implementation of an efficient and integrated management tool for the study of coastal systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4978075','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4978075"><span>Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus Fernandez-Silva & Randall (Perciformes, Mullidae), a new subspecies of goatfish from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fernandez-Silva, Iria; Randall, John E.; Golani, Daniel; Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The number of goatfish species has increased recently, thanks in part to the application of molecular approaches to the taxonomy of a family with conservative morphology and widespread intraspecific color variation. A new subspecies Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus Fernandez-Silva & Randall is described from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, including Socotra and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman. It is characterized by a yellow caudal fin, 25–28 gill rakers, and 37–38 lateral-line scales and it is differentiated from nominal subspecies Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus by 1.7% sequence divergence at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The morphometric examination of specimens of Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus revealed variation in head length, eye diameter, and barbel length, in western direction from the Hawaiian Islands, South Pacific, Micronesia, and the East Indies to the Indian Ocean. The population of Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus subsp. n. in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba differs from that of the remaining Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by shorter barbels, smaller eyes, shorter head, and shorter pelvic fins. We present a list of 26 endemic fishes from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and discuss the probable basis for the endemism in the light of the geological history of this region. PMID:27551217</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551217','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551217"><span>Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus Fernandez-Silva & Randall (Perciformes, Mullidae), a new subspecies of goatfish from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fernandez-Silva, Iria; Randall, John E; Golani, Daniel; Bogorodsky, Sergey V</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The number of goatfish species has increased recently, thanks in part to the application of molecular approaches to the taxonomy of a family with conservative morphology and widespread intraspecific color variation. A new subspecies Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus Fernandez-Silva & Randall is described from the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and Arabian <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, including Socotra and <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Oman. It is characterized by a yellow caudal fin, 25-28 gill rakers, and 37-38 lateral-line scales and it is differentiated from nominal subspecies Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus by 1.7% sequence divergence at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The morphometric examination of specimens of Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus revealed variation in head length, eye diameter, and barbel length, in western direction from the Hawaiian Islands, South Pacific, Micronesia, and the East Indies to the Indian Ocean. The population of Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus subsp. n. in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba differs from that of the remaining Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> by shorter barbels, smaller eyes, shorter head, and shorter pelvic fins. We present a list of 26 endemic fishes from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba and discuss the probable basis for the endemism in the light of the geological history of this region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CSR....91...37M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CSR....91...37M"><span>Tidal characteristics of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> of Tonkin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Minh, Nguyen Nguyet; Patrick, Marchesiello; Florent, Lyard; Sylvain, Ouillon; Gildas, Cambon; Damien, Allain; Van Uu, Dinh</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Tonkin, situated in the South China <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, is a zone of strong ecological, touristic and economic interest. Improving our knowledge of its hydro-sedimentary processes is of great importance to the sustainable development of the area. The scientific objective of this study is to revisit the dominant physical processes that characterize tidal dynamics in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Tonkin using a high-resolution model and combination of all available data. Particular attention is thus given to model-data cross-examination using tidal gauges and coastal satellite altimetry and to model calibration derived from a set of sensitivity experiments to model parameters. The tidal energy budget of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span> (energy flux and dissipation) is then analyzed and its resonance properties are evaluated and compared with idealized models and observations. Then, the tidal residual flow in both Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks is evaluated. Finally, the problem of tidal frontogenesis is addressed to explain the observed summer frontal structures in chlorophyll concentrations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26815553','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26815553"><span>Offshore Evidence for an Undocumented Tsunami Event in the 'Low Risk' <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba-Eilat, Northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Goodman Tchernov, Beverly; Katz, Timor; Shaked, Yonathan; Qupty, Nairooz; Kanari, Mor; Niemi, Tina; Agnon, Amotz</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Although the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba-Eilat is located in the tectonically active northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, it has been described as low-risk with regard to tsunami activity because there are no modern records of damaging tsunami events and only one tsunami (1068 AD) referred to in historical records. However, this assessment may be poorly informed given that the area was formed by and is located along the seismically active Dead <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Fault, its population is known to fluctuate in size and literacy in part due to its harsh hyper-arid climate, and there is a dearth of field studies addressing the presence or absence of tsunamigenic deposits. Here we show evidence from two offshore cores for a major paleotsunami that occurred ~2300 years ago with a sedimentological footprint that far exceeds the scarce markers of the historically mentioned 1068 AD event. The interpretation is based on the presence of a laterally continuous and synchronous, anomalous sedimentological deposit that includes allochtonous inclusions and unique structural characteristics. Based on sedimentological parameters, these deposits could not be accounted for by other transport events, or other known background sedimentological processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2013-title50-vol12-sec635-30.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2013-title50-vol12-sec635-30.pdf"><span>50 CFR 635.30 - Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. 635.30....30 Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. (a) Atlantic tunas. Persons that own or operate a fishing vessel... Atlantic coastal port, including ports in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, must have all fins and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol10-sec635-30.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol10-sec635-30.pdf"><span>50 CFR 635.30 - Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. 635.30....30 Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. (a) Atlantic tunas. Persons that own or operate a fishing vessel... Atlantic coastal port, including ports in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, must have all fins and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title50-vol12-sec635-30.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title50-vol12-sec635-30.pdf"><span>50 CFR 635.30 - Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. 635.30....30 Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. (a) Atlantic tunas. Persons that own or operate a fishing vessel... Atlantic coastal port, including ports in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, must have all fins and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title50-vol12-sec635-30.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title50-vol12-sec635-30.pdf"><span>50 CFR 635.30 - Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. 635.30....30 Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. (a) Atlantic tunas. Persons that own or operate a fishing vessel... Atlantic coastal port, including ports in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, must have all fins and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G21A0856K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G21A0856K"><span>The Influence of Sediment Isostatic Adjustment on <span class="hlt">Sea</span>-Level Change and Land Motion along the US <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuchar, J.; Milne, G. A.; Wolstencroft, M.; Love, R.; Tarasov, L.; Hijma, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sea</span> level rise presents a hazard for coastal populations and the Mississippi Delta (MD) is a region particularly at risk due to the high rates of land subsidence. We apply a gravitationally self-consistent model of glacial and sediment isostatic adjustment (SIA) along with a realistic sediment load reconstruction in this region for the first time to determine isostatic contributions to relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level (RSL) and land motion. We determine optimal model parameters (Earth rheology and ice history) using a new high quality compaction-free <span class="hlt">sea</span> level indicator database and a parameter space of four ice histories and 400 Earth rheologies. Using the optimal model parameters, we show that SIA is capable of lowering predicted RSL in the MD area by several metres over the Holocene and so should be taken into account when modelling these data. We compare modelled contemporary rates of vertical land motion with those inferred using GPS. This comparison indicates that isostatic processes can explain the majority of the observed vertical land motion north of latitude 30.7oN, where subsidence rates average about 1 mm/yr; however, vertical rates south of this latitude shows large data-model discrepancies of greater than 3 mm/yr, indicating the importance of non-isostatic processes controlling the observed subsidence. This discrepancy extends to contemporary RSL change, where we find that the SIA contribution in the Delta is on the order of 10-1 mm per year. We provide estimates of the isostatic contributions to 20th and 21st century <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rates at <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast PSMSL tide gauge locations as well as vertical and horizontal land motion at GPS station locations near the Mississippi Delta.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4455B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4455B"><span>Near-surface wind variability over the broader <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region: insights from an ensemble of regional climate models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Belušić, Andreina; Prtenjak, Maja Telišman; Güttler, Ivan; Ban, Nikolina; Leutwyler, David; Schär, Christoph</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Over the past few decades the horizontal resolution of regional climate models (RCMs) has steadily increased, leading to a better representation of small-scale topographic features and more details in simulating dynamical aspects, especially in coastal regions and over complex terrain. Due to its complex terrain, the broader <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> region represents a major challenge to state-of-the-art RCMs in simulating local wind systems realistically. The objective of this study is to identify the added value in near-surface wind due to the refined grid spacing of RCMs. For this purpose, we use a multi-model ensemble composed of CORDEX regional climate simulations at 0.11° and 0.44° grid spacing, forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, a COSMO convection-parameterizing simulation at 0.11° and a COSMO convection-resolving simulation at 0.02° grid spacing. Surface station observations from this region and satellite QuikSCAT data over the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> have been compared against daily output obtained from the available simulations. Both day-to-day wind and its frequency distribution are examined. The results indicate that the 0.44° RCMs rarely outperform ERA-Interim reanalysis, while the performance of the high-resolution simulations surpasses that of ERA-Interim. We also disclose that refining the grid spacing to a few km is needed to properly capture the small-scale wind systems. Finally, we show that the simulations frequently yield the accurate angle of local wind regimes, such as for the Bora flow, but overestimate the associated wind magnitude. Finally, spectral analysis shows good agreement between measurements and simulations, indicating the correct temporal variability of the wind speed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990GeCoA..54..111J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990GeCoA..54..111J"><span>3He and methane in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jean-Baptiste, P.; Belviso, S.; Alaux, G.; Nguyen, B. C.; Mihalopoulos, N.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>During the OCEAT cruise (July, 1987), the vertical and spatial distributions of 3He and methane were measured at six stations over the West Sheba Ridge (<span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden). The results show significant δ 3He anomalies (up to 49%). We conclude that the origin of this signal is independent from the well-known Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> hydrothermal 3He (of Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Brines). Thus, active hydrothermalism occurs in this extensional basin associated with spreading along an incipient mid-ocean ridge. The 3He input from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden accounts for the S-N positive gradient in 3He concentration observed in the western part of the Indian Ocean. Several methane anomalies are also present (up to 664 nl/l, i.e., 25 times the regional methane background), but the CH 4 and 3He signals are not systematically correlated, suggesting complex production and consumption mechanisms of methane in these areas. Our results confirm previous observations in the South West Pacific Ocean.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol8/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol8-sec635-30.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol8/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol8-sec635-30.pdf"><span>50 CFR 635.30 - Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. 635.30....30 Possession at <span class="hlt">sea</span> and landing. Link to an amendment published at 75 FR 57702, Sept. 22, 2010. (a... Atlantic coastal port, including ports in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, must have all fins and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20377174','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20377174"><span>Hydrogen peroxide photocycling in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba, Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shaked, Yeala; Harris, Raviv; Klein-Kedem, Nir</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The dynamics of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was investigated from December 2007 to October 2008 in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aqaba, which in the absence of H(2)O(2) contribution from biological production, rain and runoff, turned out to be a unique natural photochemical laboratory. A distinct seasonal pattern emerged, with highest midday surface H(2)O(2) concentrations in spring-summer (30-90 nM) as compared to winter (10-30 nM). Similarly, irradiation normalized net H(2)O(2) formation rates obtained in concurrent ship-board experiments were faster in spring-summer than in winter. These seasonal patterns were attributed to changes in water characteristics, namely elevated spring-summer chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The role of trace elements in H(2)O(2) photoformation was studied by simultaneously measuring superoxide (O(2)(-)), Fe(II), and H(2)O(2) formation and loss in ambient seawater and in the presence of superoxide dismutase, iron and copper. O(2)(-) was found to decay fast in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> water, with a half-life of 15-28 s, primarily due to catalytic reactions with trace metals (predominantly copper). Hence, H(2)O(2) formation in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> involves metal-catalyzed O(2)(-) disproptionation. Added iron moderately lowered net H(2)O(2) photoformation, probably due to its participation in Fe(II) oxidation, a process that may also modify H(2)O(2) formation in situ.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMOS12A..08D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMOS12A..08D"><span>An Integrated <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Monitoring System Using Field, Remote Sensing and Model Results (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>D'Sa, E. J.; Ko, D. S.; Stone, G.; Walker, N. D.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico is strongly influenced by the discharge of water, nutrients, dissolved and suspended particulate matter from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system, the largest in North America. It is also frequently impacted by energetic meteorological events that cause storm surge, high waves and affects water quality along its coastal waters. We describe the components of an integrated web-based <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast Information System (GCIS) (http://<span class="hlt">gulf</span>-coast.lsu.edu) developed to serve remotely sensed products from a number of NASA satellite sensors such as the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>WiFS and MODIS ocean color and the QuikSCAT wind sensors. GCIS also serves high-resolution nowcast and 48-hour forecast outputs (<span class="hlt">sea</span> level variations, temperature, salinity and currents) from a 3-dimensional NCOM coastal circulation model for the coastal states of Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. The GCIS is coupled to the near real-time outputs of a field monitoring and satellite receiving system, the Wave-Current Information System (WAVCIS) (http://www.wavcis.lsu.edu) and Earth Scan Laboratory (ESL) (www.esl.lsu.edu), respectively that provide critical decision support during hurricanes to the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast. We present results on the use of the combined field, satellite and model outputs to monitor the effects of fronts, hurricanes, oil spill and the potential to study longer term climate impacts along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> coast.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JMS....25...47P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JMS....25...47P"><span>Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coastal System, NW Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>: an overview of water/sediment fluxes in relation to air land ocean interactions and human activities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Poulos, S. E.; Chronis, G. Th; Collins, M. B.; Lykousis, V.</p> <p>2000-04-01</p> <p>This study presents an overview of the Holocene formation and evolution of the coastal system of Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> (NW Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). The system is divided into the terrestrial sub-system and the oceanic sub-system; the former represents 90%, while the latter includes only 10% of the total area. This particular coastal zone includes the second most important socio-economic area of Greece and in the southern Balkans, the Thessaloniki region; this is in terms of population concentration (>1 million people), industry, agriculture, aquaculture, trade and services. The geomorphology of the coastal zone is controlled by sediment inputs, nearshore water circulation, and the level of wave activity. The large quantities of sediments (with yields >500 tonnes/km 2 per year), delivered annually by the main rivers (Axios, Aliakmon, Pinios, and Gallikos) and other seasonal streams are responsible for the general progradation of the coastline and the formation of the Holocene sedimentary cover over the seabed of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Changes to the coastline can be identified on macro- and meso-time scales; the former include the evolution of the deltaic plains (at >1 km 2/year), while the latter incorporates seasonal changes along sections of the coastline (e.g. sandy spits), mostly due to the anthropogenic activities. The overall water circulation pattern in Thermaikos <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> is characterised by northerly water movement, from the central and eastern part of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>; this is compensated by southerly movement along its western part. The prevailing climate (winds and pressure systems) appears to control the surface water circulation, while near-bed current measurements reveal a general moderate (<15 cm/s) southerly flow, i.e. offshore, towards the deep water Sporades Basin. Waves approaching from southerly directions play also a role in controlling the shoreline configuration. Various human activities within the coastal system place considerable pressure on the natural evolution of the coastal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5027662','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5027662"><span>Diversity and distribution of Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea (Decapoda, Anomura) in the Southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vázquez-Bader, Ana Rosa; Gracia, Adolfo</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Abstract We examined the diversity, abundance, distribution, and average size of squat lobsters collected during eight cruises conducted on the continental shelf and slope of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (Mexican/USA border to the Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). Six species belonging to two genera of Chirostyloidea, and 25 species of four genera of Galatheoidea are reported. A total of 1513 specimens were obtained of which 95 were Chirostylidae, two Galatheidae, 285 Munidopsidae, and 1131 Munididae. Of the species collected, 13.8% were only known from Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Three species of Chirostylidae—Gastroptychus salvadori, Uroptychus capillatus, and Uroptychus spiniger—as well two of Munidopsidae, Munidopsis bradleyi and Munidopsis riveroi, are recorded for the first time in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The upper bathymetric range of one species and the lower one for eight species are extended. Biological and ecological traits of squat lobsters in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico are also provided. PMID:27667921</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27667921','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27667921"><span>Diversity and distribution of Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea (Decapoda, Anomura) in the Southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vázquez-Bader, Ana Rosa; Gracia, Adolfo</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We examined the diversity, abundance, distribution, and average size of squat lobsters collected during eight cruises conducted on the continental shelf and slope of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico (Mexican/USA border to the Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). Six species belonging to two genera of Chirostyloidea, and 25 species of four genera of Galatheoidea are reported. A total of 1513 specimens were obtained of which 95 were Chirostylidae, two Galatheidae, 285 Munidopsidae, and 1131 Munididae. Of the species collected, 13.8% were only known from Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. Three species of Chirostylidae-Gastroptychus salvadori, Uroptychus capillatus, and Uroptychus spiniger-as well two of Munidopsidae, Munidopsis bradleyi and Munidopsis riveroi, are recorded for the first time in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The upper bathymetric range of one species and the lower one for eight species are extended. Biological and ecological traits of squat lobsters in the southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico are also provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMS...172...93S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMS...172...93S"><span>Sediment quality assessment using survival and embryo malformation tests in amphipod crustaceans: The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga, Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span> AS case study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Strode, Evita; Jansons, Mintauts; Purina, Ingrida; Balode, Maija; Berezina, Nadezhda A.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of bottom sediment and to estimate the potential effects of contaminated sediment on health of benthic organisms in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga (eastern Baltic <span class="hlt">Sea</span>). Two endpoints were used: survival rate (acute toxicity test) of five crustacean amphipod species and frequency of embryo malformation (samples were collected from the field) in the two species. Toxic resistance of living animals to sediment quality was measured as survival rate (%) at 25 study sites from 2010-2012. Significant differences in the toxic resistance between species were found: 80-100% for Monoporeia affinis, 70-95% for Corophium volutator, 38-88% for Pontogammarus robustoides, 38-100% for Bathyporeia pilosa and 60-100% for Hyalella azteca. Reproductive disorders, measured as percentage (%) of malformed embryos per female, varied in the ranges of 0.0-9.5% in deep water species M. affinis and 0.3-7.5% in littoral species P. robustoides. Both the acute toxicity test and embryo malformation test (only M. affinis was used) indicated moderate and poor sediment quality at 20% and 12% accordingly in the study sites, low toxicity of sediment was estimated in 64% of cases, and no toxicity was recorded in the rest of the cases (4%). Additionally, sediment toxicity test using aquatic organisms was combined with sediment chemical analysis (trace metals) and the Benthic Quality Index (macrozoobenthos) was based on data collected from 13 sites in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Riga in 2010 and used for triad sediment quality assessment. According to this combined approach, 23% of the bottom sediments were classified as likely impacted and 23% as possibly impacted (central and southern part of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>). However, the remaining 54% was identified as likely un-impacted. The sediment quality assessment with single survival test or chemical analyses showed better sediment quality in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> than the triad method. The embryo malformation test appeared to be more sensitive to pollution than</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G21A0862A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G21A0862A"><span>Using GNSS for Assessment Recent <span class="hlt">Sea</span> Level Rise in the Northwestern Part of the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alothman, A. O.; Bos, M. S.; Fernandes, R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Due to the global warming acting recently (in the 21st century) on the planet Earth, an associated <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise is predicted to reach up to 30 cm to 60 cm in some regions. <span class="hlt">Sea</span> level monitoring is important for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, since it is surrounded by very long cost of about 3400 km in length and hundreds of isolated islands. The eastern coast line of KSA, in the Arabian <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, needs some monitoring in the long term, due to low land nature of the region. Also, the ongoing oil withdrawal activities in the area, may affect the regional <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise. In addition to these two facts, the tectonic structure of the Arabian Peninsula is one factor. The Regional Relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level in the eastern cost of Saudi Arabia has been estimated in the past using tide gauge data of more than 28 years using the vertical displacement of permanent Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS stations having time span of only about 3 years. In this paper, we discuss and update the methodology and results from Alothman et al. (2014), particularly by checking and extending the GNSS solutions. Since 3 of the 6 GPS stations used only started observing in the end of 2011, the longer time series have now significantly lower uncertainties in the estimated vertical rate. Longer time span of GNSS observations were included and 500 synthetic time series were estimated and seasonal signals were analysed. it is concluded that the varying seasonal signal present in the GNSS time series causes an underestimation of 0.1 mm/yr for short time series of 3 years. In addition to the implications of using short time series to estimate the vertical land motion, we found that if the varying seasonal signals are present in the data, the problem is aggravated. This finding can be useful for other studies analyzing short GNSS time series.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.georgewright.org/proceedings2017','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.georgewright.org/proceedings2017"><span><span class="hlt">Sea</span> turtles, light pollution, and citizen science: A preliminary report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Afford, Heather; Teel, Susan; Nicholas, Mark; Stanley, Thomas; White, Jeremy</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>such as entanglement in fishing gear and ingestion of marine debris, as well as possible changes in sex ratios due to increasing temperatures related to human-induced global warming. Locally, light pollution from residential, commercial, and industrial neighborhoods from nearby cities impacts the entirety of <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Islands, which spans 160 miles along the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast, from Florida to Mississippi, and includes critical habitat for threatened and endangered <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles. Because light pollution has been hypothesized to negatively impact <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle nesting and hatchling survival, <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Islands undertook an effort to understand the relationship between light pollution and <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles and create unique educational and outreach opportunities by launching a citizen science program called Turtle Teens Helping in the Seashore (Turtle THIS). At the onset, the Turtle THIS program had two primary goals: quantify the association between light pollution and <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtle nesting and hatching events using rigorous scientific methods; and initiate a citizen science volunteer program to provide youth with hands-on science and environmental stewardship roles, where they also gain employable skills and career opportunities. With multiple scientific hypotheses to consider, the development of a citizen science program became crucial. Such circumstances allowed Turtle THIS to grow a volunteer and intern program, quantify hypothesized light effects on <span class="hlt">sea</span> turtles through developed methods, and begin to gather preliminary findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP43A1343A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP43A1343A"><span>Mega Scale Constructions and Art on Deep <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico Sonar Images Reveal Extensive Very Ancient Civilizations. Radical Holocene Climate Changes May Relate to Large Shifts in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Surface Areas.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Allen, R. L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Enhanced images from subsea sonar scanning of the Western <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico have revealed quite large temples (4 km. in length), ruins of cities (14 km. by 11 km.), pyramids, amphitheaters, and many other structures. Some human faces have beards implying much earlier migrations of Europeans or North Africans. Several temples have paleo astronomy alignments and similarities to Stone Henge. Southern and Southwestern USA satellite land images display characteristics in common with several subsea designs. Water depths indicate that many structures go back about as far as the late Ice Age and are likely to be over ten thousand years old. Chronologies of civilizations, especially in North America will need to be seriously reconsidered. Greatly rising <span class="hlt">sea</span> levels and radical climate changes must have helped to destroy relatively advanced cultures. Suprisingly deep water depths of many architectures provide evidence for closures within the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico to open <span class="hlt">seas</span>. Closures and openings may have influenced ancient radical climate swings between warmth and cooling as <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> contributions to water temperatures contracted or expanded. These creations of very old and surprisingly advanced civilizations need protection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6987841-interpretation-sea-floor-processes-gulf-mexico-using-gloria-side-scan-sonar-system','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6987841-interpretation-sea-floor-processes-gulf-mexico-using-gloria-side-scan-sonar-system"><span>Interpretation of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor processes in <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico using GLORIA side-scan sonar system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>McGregor, B.A.; Kenyon, N.H.; Rothwell, R.G.</p> <p>1986-09-01</p> <p>The extensive deformation of the continental slope seaward of Texas and Louisiana by salt tectonics has resulted in a complex pattern of basins and salt-dome highs. One continuous meandering channel was identified in this part of the <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, extending from the shelf edge to the Sigsbee abyssal plain. Bottom currents have reworked the sediments in this channel's levees seaward of the Sigsbee Escarpment, the seaward edge of the salt front, suggesting that this channel may no longer be actively transporting sediment. Talus appears to lie along the base of the Sigsbee Escarpment, suggesting that erosion and deposition are occurring alongmore » this front. Three other discontinuous channel systems can be identified on the mosaic and appear to be contributing sediments to the deep <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. Fans related to these channel systems are present seaward of the Rio Grande, the Mississippi Canyon, and the Desoto Canyon areas. Three major submarine slides were mapped: the East Breaks slide in the northwestern <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, a slide in the Mississippi Canyon and fan area of the central <span class="hlt">gulf</span>, and a slide in the Desoto Canyon area in the northeastern <span class="hlt">gulf</span>. The areal extent of these slide and debris-flow deposits (ranging from 6000 to 50,000 km/sup 2/) suggests that mass wasting is an important process in distributing sediments in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp.1281C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp.1281C"><span>Mediterranean Thermohaline Response to Large-Scale Winter Atmospheric Forcing in a High-Resolution Ocean Model Simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cusinato, Eleonora; Zanchettin, Davide; Sannino, Gianmaria; Rubino, Angelo</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Large-scale circulation anomalies over the North Atlantic and Euro-Mediterranean regions described by dominant climate modes, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Atlantic pattern (EA), the East Atlantic/Western Russian (EAWR) and the Mediterranean Oscillation Index (MOI), significantly affect interannual-to-decadal climatic and hydroclimatic variability in the Euro-Mediterranean region. However, whereas previous studies assessed the impact of such climate modes on air-<span class="hlt">sea</span> heat and freshwater fluxes in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the propagation of these atmospheric forcing signals from the surface toward the interior and the abyss of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> remains unexplored. Here, we use a high-resolution ocean model simulation covering the 1979-2013 period to investigate spatial patterns and time scales of the Mediterranean thermohaline response to winter forcing from NAO, EA, EAWR and MOI. We find that these modes significantly imprint on the thermohaline properties in key areas of the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span> through a variety of mechanisms. Typically, density anomalies induced by all modes remain confined in the upper 600 m depth and remain significant for up to 18-24 months. One of the clearest propagation signals refers to the EA in the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and northern Ionian <span class="hlt">seas</span>: There, negative EA anomalies are associated to an extensive positive density response, with anomalies that sink to the bottom of the South <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> Pit within a 2-year time. Other strong responses are the thermally driven responses to the EA in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Lions and to the EAWR in the Aegean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>. MOI and EAWR forcing of thermohaline properties in the Eastern Mediterranean sub-basins seems to be determined by reinforcement processes linked to the persistency of these modes in multiannual anomalous states. Our study also suggests that NAO, EA, EAWR and MOI could critically interfere with internal, deep and abyssal ocean dynamics and variability in the Mediterranean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0570/pdf/of99-570.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0570/pdf/of99-570.pdf"><span>A seismic-reflection investigation of gas hydrates and <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor features of the upper continental slope of the Garden Banks and Green Canyon regions, northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico: report for cruise G1-99-GM (99002)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Cooper, Alan; Twichell, David; Hart, Patrick</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>During April 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a 13-day cruise in the Garden Banks and Green Canyon regions of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico. The R/V Gyre, owned by Texas A&M University, was chartered for the cruise. The general objectives were (1) to acquire very high resolution seismic-reflection data and side-scan sonar images of the upper and middle continental slope (200-1200-m water depths), (2) to study the acoustic character and features of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor for evidence of <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor hazards, and (3) to look for evidence of subsurface gas hydrates and their effects. The <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico is well known for hydrocarbon resources, with emphasis now on frontier deep-water areas. For water depths greater than about 250 m, the pressure-termperature conditions are correct for the development of shallow-subsurface gas hydrate formation (Anderson et al., 1992). Gas hydrates are ice-like mixtures of gas and water (Kvenvolden, 1993). They are known to be present from extensive previous sampling in <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor cores and from mound-like features observed on the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor in many parts of the northern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>, including the Green Canyon and Garden Banks areas (e.g., Roberts, 1995). Seismic-reflection data are extensive in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, but few very-high-resolution data like those needed for gas-hydrate studies exist in the public domain. The occurrence and mechanisms of gas hydrate formation and dissociation are important to understand, because of their perceived economic potential for methane gas, their potential controls on local and regional <span class="hlt">sea</span>-floor stability, and their possible effects on earth climates due to massive release of methane greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Three high-resolution seismic-reflection systems and one side-scan sonar system were used on the cruise to map the surface reflectance and features of the <span class="hlt">sea</span> floor and the acoustic geometries and character of the shallow sub-surface. The cruise was designed to acquire regional and detailed local</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780006663','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780006663"><span>Surface temperatures and temperature gradient features of the US <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> Coast waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Huh, O. K.; Rouse, L. J., Jr.; Smith, G. W.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Satellite thermal infrared data on the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico show that a seasonal cycle exists in the horizontal surface temperature structure. In the fall, the surface temperatures of both coastal and deep waters are nearly uniform. With the onset of winter, atmospheric cold fronts, which are accompanied by dry, low temperature air and strong winds, draw heat from the <span class="hlt">sea</span>. A band of cooler water forming on the inner shelf expands, until a thermal front develops seaward along the shelf break between the cold shelf waters and the warmer deep waters of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span>. Digital analysis of the satellite data was carried out in an interactive mode using a minicomputer and software. A time series of temperature profiles illustrates the temporal and spatial changes in the <span class="hlt">sea</span>-surface temperature field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JGRC..112.6025S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JGRC..112.6025S"><span>Observations of the summer Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sofianos, Sarantis S.; Johns, William E.</p> <p>2007-06-01</p> <p>Aiming at exploring and understanding the summer circulation in the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, a cruise was conducted in the basin during the summer of 2001 involving hydrographic, meteorological, and direct current observations. The most prominent feature, characteristic of the summer circulation and exchange with the Indian Ocean, is a temperature, salinity, and oxygen minimum located around a depth of 75 m at the southern end of the basin, associated with <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden Intermediate Water inflowing from the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden during the summer season as an intruding subsurface layer. Stirring and mixing with ambient waters lead to marked increases in temperature (from 16.5 to almost 33°C) and salinity (from 35.7 to more than 38 psu) in this layer by the time it reaches midbasin. The observed circulation presents a very vigorous pattern with strong variability and intense features that extend the width of the basin. A permanent cyclone, detected in the northern Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, verifies previous observations and modeling studies, while in the central sector of the basin a series of very strong anticyclones were observed with maximum velocities exceeding 1 m/s. The three-layer flow pattern, representative of the summer exchange between the Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> and the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Aden, is observed in the strait of Bab el Mandeb. In the southern part of the basin the layer flow is characterized by strong banking of the inflows and outflows against the coasts. Both surface and intermediate water masses involved in the summer Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> circulation present prominent spatial variability in their characteristics, indicating that the eddy field and mixing processes play an important role in the summer Red <span class="hlt">Sea</span> circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Litho.101..125B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Litho.101..125B"><span>Post-collisional and intraplate Cenozoic volcanism in the rifted Apennines/<span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> domain</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bianchini, G.; Beccaluva, L.; Siena, F.</p> <p>2008-02-01</p> <p>The distinctive tectono-magmatic characteristics of rift volcanism in the Apennines/Adria domains are discussed focussing attention on the nature of mantle sources, stress regimes, and conditions of magma generation. Post-collisional intensive lithospheric rifting and tectonic collapse of the Apennines generate large amounts of Pliocene-Quaternary orogenic magmas which overlie a nearly vertical subducted slab along the peri-Tyrrhenian border. This magmatism includes the Roman Magmatic Province sensu lato (RMP-s.l.) and the Internal Apennines Volcanism (IAV), and consists of high-K calcalkaline, potassic (shoshonitic) and ultrapotassic (leucitites, leucite basanite and minor lamproites and kamafugites) products. Integrated petrological and geochemical studies of these rocks (and associated mantle xenoliths) indicate that most of them could have been generated by a restricted partial melting range ( F ≤ 5-10%) of extremely inhomogeneous phlogopite-veined lithospheric mantle sources, resulting from subduction related K-metasomatic processes. Moreover, the presence of both intermediate anorogenic and subduction related geochemical features in Mt. Vulture magmas support the existence of a slab window beneath the central-southern Apennines, which could have allowed inflow of subduction components to intraplate mantle sources. This slab discontinuity may mark the transition between the already collisioned <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> and the still subducting Ionian lithospheric slabs. By contrast, the Paleogene intraplate magmatism of the <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> foreland (i.e., the Veneto Province (VVP) and the minor Mt. Queglia and Pietre Nere magmatic bodies) is characterized by small volumes of basic magmas, varying from tholeiitic to strongly Na-alkaline in composition. This magmatism appears to be related to a limited extensional regime typical of the low volcanicity rifts. Petrogenetic modelling of the intraplate <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> foreland magmas indicates that their composition is remarkably depth</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ClDy...35.1039C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ClDy...35.1039C"><span>Global change and relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise at Venice: what impact in term of flooding</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carbognin, Laura; Teatini, Pietro; Tomasin, Alberto; Tosi, Luigi</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>Relative <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise (RSLR) due to climate change and geodynamics represents the main threat for the survival of Venice, emerging today only 90 cm above the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> mean <span class="hlt">sea</span> level (msl). The 25 cm RSLR occurred over the 20th century, consisting of about 12 cm of land subsidence and 13 cm of <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise, has increased the flood frequency by more than seven times with severe damages to the urban heritage. Reasonable forecasts of the RSLR expected to the century end must be investigated to assess the suitability of the Mo.S.E. project planned for the city safeguarding, i.e., the closure of the lagoon inlets by mobile barriers. Here we consider three RSLR scenarios as resulting from the past <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise recorded in the Northern <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span>, the IPCC mid-range A1B scenario, and the expected land subsidence. Available <span class="hlt">sea</span> level measurements show that more than 5 decades are required to compute a meaningful eustatic trend, due to pseudo-cyclic 7-8 year long fluctuations. The period from 1890 to 2007 is characterized by an average rate of 0.12 ± 0.01 cm/year. We demonstrate that linear regression is the most suitable model to represent the eustatic process over these 117 year. Concerning subsidence, at present Venice is sinking due to natural causes at 0.05 cm/year. The RSLR is expected to range between 17 and 53 cm by 2100, and its repercussions in terms of flooding frequency are associated here to each scenario. In particular, the frequency of tides higher than 110 cm, i.e., the value above which the gates would close the lagoon to the <span class="hlt">sea</span>, will increase from the nowadays 4 times per year to a range between 20 and 250. These projections provide a large spread of possible conditions concerning the survival of Venice, from a moderate nuisance to an intolerable aggression. Hence, complementary solutions to Mo.S.E. may well be investigated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EOSTr..84..546C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EOSTr..84..546C"><span>Can CO2 help save Venice from the <span class="hlt">Sea</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Comerlati, Andrea; Ferronato, Massimiliano; Gambolati, Giuseppe; Putti, Mario; Teatini, Pietro</p> <p></p> <p>On 14 May this year, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi cut the ribbon on a multi-billion-dollar project named MOSE that is aimed at solving the problem of “acqua alta,” the increasingly frequent floods that jeopardize the survival of Venice. Cost is estimated (a few say conservatively) at 3 billion euros and construction time (a few say optimistically) at 8 years. MOSE involves building mobile barriers at the Venice Lagoon inlets to prevent severe <span class="hlt">Adriatic</span> <span class="hlt">Sea</span> storms from flooding the city. Although the Italian government and the local administrations have given their final approval, MOSE still has several opponents who believe it will cause severe threats to the lagoon ecosystem, and will soon become obsolete because of the expected <span class="hlt">sea</span> level rise due to global warming.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSMOS51B..06M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSMOS51B..06M"><span>Reconnaissance Strategy for Seep Chemosynthetic Communities in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>MacDonald, I. R.; Roberts, H. H.; Fisher, C. R.; Bernard, B. B.; Joye, S.; Carney, R.; Hunt, J.; Shedd, W.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>The Continental Slope of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico hosts diverse chemosynthetic communities at oil and gas seeps. Exploration is needed to extend knowledge of the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico chemosynthetic ecosystem in the zones anticipated to receive energy exploration and production activities over the coming decades. A nested survey approach can be used to identify representative sampling sites within this vast offshore area. Potential sites where chemosynthetic community could occur are selected on the basis geophysical, geochemical, and satellite remote-sensing indicators. Photo-reconnaissance using cost-effective camera systems is then used to confirm the presences or absence of chemosynthetic communities at high-probability sites. Follow-up sampling can then proceed with submersibles or ROVs to acquire tissue and or geochemical samples. However, because access is limited, submersible dives may not be possible at all sites. Two examples of this approach have recently been applied in the northern and southern <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico, respectively. We compared community characterizations obtained from the initial reconnaissance with more detailed characterizations forthcoming from submersible sampling. Our results show that major differences in community type and geochemical substrata are evident from preliminary reconnaissance, while details of animal densities and species compositions require targeted sampling with submersibles. However, given the limited access to submersibles, cost-effective surveys with deep-<span class="hlt">sea</span> camera systems would greatly expand understanding of the zoogeography of chemosynthetic fauna in the <span class="hlt">Gulf</span> of Mexico and Caribbean <span class="hlt">Sea</span>.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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