Sample records for adult male subantarctic
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Distribution, abundance and seasonal flux of pteropods in the Sub-Antarctic Zone
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Howard, W. R.; Roberts, D.; Moy, A. D.; Lindsay, M. C. M.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Trull, T. W.; Bray, S. G.
2011-11-01
Pteropods were identified from epipelagic net and trawl samples in the Sub-Antarctic Zone during the 2007 mid-summer (January 17-February 20) Sub-Antarctic Zone Sensitivity to Environmental Change (SAZ-Sense) voyage, as well as in a moored sediment trap in the same region. Overall pteropod densities during SAZ-Sense were lower than those reported for higher-latitude Southern Ocean waters. The four major contributors to the Sub-Antarctic Zone pteropod community during the SAZ-Sense voyage, Clio pyramidata forma antarctica, Clio recurva, Limacina helicina antarctica and Limacina retroversa australis, accounted for 93% of all pteropods observed. The distribution of the two dominant pteropods collected in the Sub-Antarctic Zone, L. retroversa australis and C. pyramidata forma antarctica, is strongly related to latitude and depth. L. retroversa australis is typical of cold southern (50-54°S) polar waters and C. pyramidata forma antarctica is typical of shallow (top 20 m) Sub-Antarctic Zone waters. A moored sediment trap deployed to 2100 m at 47°S, 141°E in 2003/04 showed the pteropod flux in the Sub-Antarctic Zone had late-Spring and mid-summer peaks. The diversity, abundance and distribution of pteropods collected during SAZ-Sense provide a timely benchmark against which to monitor future changes in SAZ ocean pteropod communities, particularly in light of predictions of declining aragonite saturation in the Southern Ocean by the end of the century.
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Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum
Fraser, Ceridwen I.; Nikula, Raisa; Spencer, Hamish G.; Waters, Jonathan M.
2009-01-01
The end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) dramatically reshaped temperate ecosystems, with many species moving poleward as temperatures rose and ice receded. Whereas reinvading terrestrial taxa tracked melting glaciers, marine biota recolonized ocean habitats freed by retreating sea ice. The extent of sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere during the LGM has, however, yet to be fully resolved, with most palaeogeographic studies suggesting only minimal or patchy ice cover in subantarctic waters. Here, through population genetic analyses of the widespread Southern Bull Kelp (Durvillaea antarctica), we present evidence for persistent ice scour affecting subantarctic islands during the LGM. Using mitochondrial and chloroplast genetic markers (COI; rbcL) to genetically characterize some 300 kelp samples from 45 Southern Ocean localities, we reveal a remarkable pattern of recent recolonization in the subantarctic. Specifically, in contrast to the marked phylogeographic structure observed across coastal New Zealand and Chile (10- to 100-km scales), subantarctic samples show striking genetic homogeneity over vast distances (10,000-km scales), with a single widespread haplotype observed for each marker. From these results, we suggest that sea ice expanded further and ice scour during the LGM impacted shallow-water subantarctic marine ecosystems more extensively than previously suggested. PMID:19204277
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Mercury exposure in a large subantarctic avian community.
Carravieri, Alice; Cherel, Yves; Blévin, Pierre; Brault-Favrou, Maud; Chastel, Olivier; Bustamante, Paco
2014-07-01
Mercury (Hg) contamination poses potential threats to ecosystems worldwide. In order to study Hg bioavailability in the poorly documented southern Indian Ocean, Hg exposure was investigated in the large avian community of Kerguelen Islands. Adults of 27 species (480 individuals) showed a wide range of feather Hg concentrations, from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 16.6 ± 3.8 μg g(-1) dry weight in Wilson's storm petrels and wandering albatrosses, respectively. Hg concentrations increased roughly in the order crustacean- < fish- ≤ squid- ≤ carrion-consumers, confirming that diet, rather than taxonomy, is an important driver of avian Hg exposure. Adults presented higher Hg concentrations than chicks, due to a longer duration of exposure, with the only exception being the subantarctic skua, likely because of feeding habits' differences of the two age-classes in this species. High Hg concentrations were reported for three species of the poorly known gadfly petrels, which merit further investigation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zwolinski, Zbigniew
2015-04-01
The currently prepared SEDIBUD Book on "Source-to-Sink Fluxes in Undisturbed Cold Environments" (edited by Achim A. Beylich, John C. Dixon and Zbigniew Zwolinski and published by Cambridge University Press) is summarizing and synthesizing the achievements of the International Association of Geomorphologists` (I.A.G./A.I.G.) Working Group SEDIBUD (Sediment Budgets in Cold Environments), which has been active since 2005 (http://www.geomorph.org/wg/wgsb.html). The book comprises five parts. One of them is part about sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Environments. This part "Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Environments" describes two different environments, namely oceanic and continental ones. Each part contains results of research on environmental drivers and rates of contemporary solute and sedimentary fluxes in selected sites. Apart from describing the environmental conditions of the whole continent of Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands (Zb.Zwolinski, M.Kejna, A.N.Lastochkin, A.Zhirov, S.Boltramovich) this part of the book characterizes terrestrial polar oases free from multi-year ice and snow covers (Zb.Zwolinski). The detailed results of geoecological and sedimentological research come from different parts of Antarctica. Antarctic continental shelf (E.Isla) is an example of sub-Antarctic oceanic environment. South Shetlands, especially King George Island (Zb.Zwolinski, M.Kejna, G.Rachlewicz, I.Sobota, J.Szpikowski), is an example of sub-Antarctic terrestrial environment. Antarctic Peninsula (G.Vieira, M.Francelino, J.C.Fernandes) and surroundings of McMurdo Dry Valleys (W.B.Lyons, K.A.Welch, J.Levy, A.Fountain, D.McKnight) are examples of Antarctic continental environments. The key goals of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic book chapters are following: (i) identify the main environmental drivers and rates of contemporary solute and sedimentary fluxes, and (ii) model possible effects of projected climate change on solute and sedimentary fluxes in cold climate environments
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Iron fertilization of the Subantarctic Ocean during the last ice age
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Martinez-Garcia, A.
2015-12-01
Dust has the potential to modify global climate by influencing the radiative balance of the atmosphere and by supplying iron and other essential limiting micronutrients to the ocean. The scarcity of iron limits marine productivity and carbon uptake in one-quarter of the world ocean where the concentration of major nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) is perennially high. The Southern Ocean is the region where variations in iron availability can have the largest effect on Earth's carbon cycle through its fertilizing effect on marine ecosystems. Paleoceanographic records from the Subantarctic Atlantic have revealed a remarkable correlation between phytoplankton productivity and aeolian iron flux during glacial periods supporting the iron fertilization hypothesis. In addition, a recent study has shown that peak glacial times and millennial cold events were nearly universally associated not only with increases in dust flux and export production, but also with an increase in nutrient consumption (the last indicated by higher foraminifera-bound δ15N) (Martinez-Garcia et al. 2014). This combination of changes is uniquely consistent with ice age iron fertilization of the Subantarctic Atlantic. The strengthening of the biological pump associated with the observed increase in Subantarctic nutrient consumption during the high-dust intervals of the last two ice ages can explain up to ~40 ppm of the CO2 decrease that characterizes the transitions from mid-climate states to full ice age conditions. However, the impact of iron fertilization in other sectors of the Southern Ocean characterized by lower ice age dust fluxes than the Atlantic remains unclear. A series of recently published records from the Subantarctic Pacific indicate that dust deposition and marine export production were three times higher during glacial periods than during interglacials (Lamy et al. 2014). Here we present new measurements of foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes in a sediment core located in the
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Sensitivity of six subantarctic marine invertebrates to common metal contaminants.
Holan, Jessica R; King, Catherine K; Davis, Andrew R
2016-09-01
A long history of anthropogenic activities in the relatively pristine subantarctic has resulted in areas of accumulated waste and contaminants. Sensitivities to metals of subantarctic and Antarctic species may contrast with related species from temperate and tropical areas because of the unique characteristics of polar biota. In addition, response to contaminants may be delayed, and hence longer exposure periods may be required in toxicity tests with polar species. In the present study, the sensitivity of 6 common subantarctic marine invertebrates to copper, zinc, and cadmium contaminants was determined. Large variations in sensitivities, both between species and between metals within species, were found. The bivalve Gaimardia trapesina and the copepod Harpacticus sp. were the most sensitive to copper, with 7-d median lethal concentration (LC50) values for both species ranging between 28 μg/L and 62 μg/L, whereas the copepod Tigriopus angulatus was the most tolerant of copper (7-d Cu LC50 1560 μg/L). Sensitivity to zinc varied by approximately 1 order of magnitude between species (7-d LC50: 329-3057 μg/L). Sensitivity to cadmium also varied considerably between species, with 7-d LC50 values ranging from 1612 μg/L to >4383 μg/L. The present study is the first to report the sensitivity of subantarctic marine invertebrate to metals, and contributes significantly to the understanding of latitudinal gradients in the sensitivity of biota to metals. Although sensitivity is highly variable between species, in a global comparison of copepod data, it appears that species from higher latitudes may be more sensitive to copper. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2245-2251. © 2016 SETAC. © 2016 SETAC.
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Impact of the Agulhas Return Current on the glacial Subantarctic region in the South Indian Ocean
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ikehara, M.; Crosta, X.; Manoj, M. C.
2017-12-01
The Southern Ocean has played an important role in the evolution of the global climate system. The Southern Ocean circulation is dominated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the world's longest and largest current system. Sea ice coverage on sea surface strongly affects the climate of the Southern Hemisphere through its impacts on the energy and gas budget, on the atmospheric circulation, on the hydrological cycle, and on the biological productivity. The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) originates from the Agulhas Current, the major western boundary current in the Indian Ocean, and transports heat from subtropical to subantarctic region. It's thought that the Agulhas leakage from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic was reduced for the last glacial due to a northward shift of the westerlies and ACC, however, there are still unknown yet how the ARC was responded to the reduced Agulhas leakage. A piston core DCR-1PC was collected from the Del Caño Rise (46°S, 44°E, 2632m), Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Core site located in the Subantarctic region between the Subtropical Front (STF) and Subantarctic Front (SAF). Age model of the core was established by radiocarbon dating of planktic foraminifer Globorotalia bulloides and oxygen isotope stratigraphy of benthic foraminifers Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Melonis bareelanus. Sediment of DCR-1PC show the cyclic changes of diatom/carbonate ooze sedimentation corresponding to Southern Ocean fronts' migrations on glacial-interglacial timescales. Records of ice-rafted debris (IRD) and oxygen isotope in planktic foraminfer G. bulloides suggest that the melting of sea ice was significantly increased during the last glacial maximum (LGM) in the Subantarctic surface water. Diatom assemblage based summer SST also shows the relative warmer condition in the Subantarctic during the LGM. These results might be explained by the strong influence of the Agulhas Return Current during the LGM in the Subantarctic. The reduced
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Clinical Use of Aromatase Inhibitors in Adult Males.
Tan, Ronny B W; Guay, Andre T; Hellstrom, Wayne J G
2014-04-01
There is a growing interest in the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism, another name for the study of testosterone deficiency in an older age group. Initial attempts at testosterone replacement have also brought attention to the possible adverse effects on the patients' cardiovascular risk factors and their prostate health. The "female" hormone estradiol is no longer considered as the feminizing hormone, as it has been identified to have an effect on the sexual and general well-being of adult males. Urologists and endocrinologists alike have started to pay attention to the serum T/E 2 (testosterone : estradiol) ratio that appears to be more important than the respective individual hormonal levels. Therein lies the possible role of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in restoring the normal balance of serum testosterone and estradiol levels for the adequate treatment of late-onset hypogonadism, while limiting the potential adverse effects. Currently, other established clinical indications of AIs include the treatment of breast cancer in female patients and developmental growth problems in pediatric patients. This review evaluates the role of AIs as a treatment option for late-onset hypogonadism and the evidence for its other clinical uses in men, including its possible adverse effects. A literature review was performed with regards to the use of aromatase inhibitors in adult males, the role of estrogens in adult males, as well as adverse effect of AIs on bone health in adult males. To evaluate the evidence for the use of AIs in adult males to treat late-onset hypogonadism, obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and male subfertility. To evaluate the evidence for the possible adverse effects on the bone health of adult males with the use of AIs. Currently there is no literature to recommend the use of AIs in adult males to treat late-onset hypogonadism, obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, gynecomastia, or male subfertility, although some
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Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Asteroidea database.
Moreau, Camille; Mah, Christopher; Agüera, Antonio; Améziane, Nadia; David Barnes; Crokaert, Guillaume; Eléaume, Marc; Griffiths, Huw; Charlène Guillaumot; Hemery, Lenaïg G; Jażdżewska, Anna; Quentin Jossart; Vladimir Laptikhovsky; Linse, Katrin; Neill, Kate; Sands, Chester; Thomas Saucède; Schiaparelli, Stefano; Siciński, Jacek; Vasset, Noémie; Bruno Danis
2018-01-01
The present dataset is a compilation of georeferenced occurrences of asteroids (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Southern Ocean. Occurrence data south of 45°S latitude were mined from various sources together with information regarding the taxonomy, the sampling source and sampling sites when available. Records from 1872 to 2016 were thoroughly checked to ensure the quality of a dataset that reaches a total of 13,840 occurrences from 4,580 unique sampling events. Information regarding the reproductive strategy (brooders vs. broadcasters) of 63 species is also made available. This dataset represents the most exhaustive occurrence database on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic asteroids.
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Smet, Willem H De
2015-03-31
A new species of freshwater amphipod, Pseudingolfiella possessionis n. sp. (Senticaudata, Pseudingolfiellidae), is described from the submerged moss vegetation of small brooklets at sub-Antarctic Île de La Possession, Crozet archipelago. It constitutes the second freshwater amphipod species known for the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic region, and the fourth member of the genus. The main characters distinguishing it from all congeners are: the spine on the posterior margin of the dactylus, incisor and lamina mobilis of mandible each with 5 teeth, the setation of the maxilliped, the vestigial second article of pleopod 3 in the female, the undulate and laterally notched posterolateral margin of the external ramus of uropods 1 and 2 in the male, the spinulate dorsomedian projection of the telson.
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Medeiros, Aline Weber; Giongo, Adriana; Valdez, Fernanda P; Blaese de Amorin, Derek; Tavares, Maurício; d'Azevedo, Pedro A; Franco, Ana Claudia; Frazzon, Jeverson; Frazzon, Ana P G
2016-03-01
The microbiota of wild marine mammals is poorly understood, perhaps due to the migratory habits of some species and the difficulty in obtaining samples. Using high-throughput sequencing, the present study examines the faecal bacterial community of wild young South American (Arctocephalus australis) and Subantarctic fur seals (A. tropicalis). Faecal samples from South American (n = 6) and Subantarctic fur seals (n = 4) found dead along the south coast of Brazil were collected. Sequences were assigned to taxa using the Ribosomal Database Project-Bayesian classifier. Diversity of the microbiota was assessed by categorization of sequence reads into operational taxonomic units. Results indicate that Firmicutes (88.556%-84.016%) was the predominant phylum in South American and Subantarctic fur seals. The distribution of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria varied according to the fur seal species. Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes represented less than 1% of the sequences. The most abundant order in both fur seals was Clostridiales (88.64% and 87.49%). Individual variable incidences were observed in the composition of family among the fur seals, though the families Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Coriobacteriaceae were more prevalent. This study provides insight into the faecal bacterial community of wild young South American and Subantarctic fur seals. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Late Glacial and Holocene Climate Change in the subantarctic Auckland Islands
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gilmer, G.; Moy, C. M.; Vandergoes, M.; Gadd, P.; Riesselman, C. R.; Jacobsen, G. E.; Wilson, G. S.; Visinand, C.
2017-12-01
Situated within the core of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, and between the subtropical and subantarctic fronts, the New Zealand subantarctic islands are uniquely positioned to evaluate past ocean and atmospheric change in the middle to high southern latitudes. We collected a series of sediment cores from Auckland Island fjords to produce a high-resolution record of climate change following the Last Glacial Maximum. Physical property and organic geochemical data, Itrax XRF, and visual core descriptions indicate the cores capture several phases of sedimentation. From these studies, we identify four primary sedimentary facies: 1) a deglacial facies exhibiting mm-scale laminae defined by magnetic susceptibility and density contrasts and high counts of elements associated with terrigenous sources; 2) a lacustrine facies defined by very low density, high organic carbon concentrations and low counts of lithophilic elements; 3) a marine transgression facies with moderate density, moderate bioturbation and alternating marine and lacustrine sedimentary components; 4) a marine facies that contains biogenic carbonate. Radiocarbon results indicate deglacial sedimentation was underway in the basin by approximately 19,000 cal yr BP. Lacustrine deposition in ice-free conditions began around 15,600 cal yr BP and continued until marine transgression at approximately 9,500 cal yr BP. During the early Holocene between 11 and 9.5 ka, we observe elevated n-alkane δD values and an overall increase in redox-sensitive elements that signal a combination of warmer atmospheric temperatures and reduced westerly wind strength that drives fjord stratification. Poleward-shifted westerlies south of the Auckland Islands could accommodate these results, but there are few records to corroborate this interpretation. We will discuss these results within the context of developing New Zealand and subantarctic paleoclimate records in order to provide a more comprehensive record of past change.
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Commentary: Causes and consequences of male adult sexual assault.
Wall, Barry W
2011-01-01
Bullock and Beckson add to a growing body of literature on the negative consequences of adult sexual assault on male victims. There are similarities as well as important differences between male sexual assault victims and their female counterparts. Their analyses of societal contributions and myths about adult male sexual assault and of the difficulties that male victims experience in accessing and interacting with the medical and legal systems improve professional understanding of this complex subject.
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Ecosystem effects and the management of petroleum-contaminated soils on subantarctic islands.
Errington, Ingrid; King, Catherine K; Wilkins, Daniel; Spedding, Tim; Hose, Grant C
2018-03-01
Human activity in the Polar Regions has resulted in petroleum contamination of soils. In this context, subantarctic islands are a unique management challenge for climatic, biological and logistical reasons. In this review we identify the main abiotic factors affecting petroleum-contaminated soils in the subantarctic environment, the primary effects of such contamination on biota, and lessons learned with regards to remediation techniques in this region. The sensitivity of biota to contamination depends on organism life stage, on soil properties, and on the degree of contaminant weathering. Initial studies using species endemic to subantarctic islands suggest that for fresh diesel fuel, sensitivities may range between 103 and 20 000 mg total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) kg -1 soil. Diesel that has undergone a short period of weathering is generally more toxic, with sensitivities ranging between 52 and 13 000 mg TPH kg -1 soil for an earthworm and a grass respectively (based on EC 20 and IC 50 values). A sufficient body of data from which to develop remediation targets for existing spills in the region does not yet exist for the region, but there has been a recent increase in research attention to address this data gap. A range of remediation methods have also now been trialled, and techniques such as in-ground aeration and nutrient addition have achieved some success. Passive management techniques such as permeable reactive barriers and phytoremediation are in preliminary stages of investigation for the region and show promise, not least because they cause less collateral disturbance than other methods. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Calvo, M V; Groba, H F; Martínez, G; Sellanes, C; Rossini, C; González, A
2017-12-23
The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae), is an exotic emerging pest in Eucalyptus commercial forests in South America, Africa and southern Europe. Information on the chemical communication system and reproductive ecology of this insect is scant, and it may be relevant for designing management strategies for eucalypt plantations. Adults and nymphs usually aggregate in the field, possibly by means of chemical signals. Males emit large amounts of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, which attracts conspecific adult males but not females. The ecological role of this putative male aggregation pheromone remains unknown. Here, we report olfactometer bioassays showing that late-instar male nymphs are also attracted to synthetic 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate and to adult male volatile extracts, which contain this compound as the major component. As previously shown for adult females, nymphs that moulted into females were not attracted to either volatile stimulus. The intra-gender attraction of nymphs and adults may be related to the exploitation of food resources, or as a reproductive strategy for newly emerged males. Further studies on the reproductive behaviour and mating system of T. peregrinus will contribute to understanding the ecological significance of male-male, adult-nymph attraction, as well as the practical applications that may result from these findings.
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Strangulated inguinal hernia in adult males in Kumasi.
Ohene-Yeboah, M; Dally, C K
2014-06-01
The complications of untreated inguinal hernias are common surgical emergencies in adult Ghanaian men. To describe the epidemiology of strangulated inguinal hernia in adult males in Kumasi. From the hospital records the age and sex of all male adult patients treated for strangulated inguinal hernia were recorded at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital(KATH), the University Hospital (UH), the Seventh Day Adventist Hospital (SDAH) and the Kumasi South Hospital (KSH) for the period January 2007 to December 2011 inclusive. The total number of inguinal hernia repairs from all four facilities was also recorded. The annual incidence of strangulated inguinal hernia and the hernia repair rates were estimated using the 2010 population data. Five-hundred and ninety-two cases of strangulated inguinal hernia were treated over the five years. The incidence of strangulated inguinal hernia was 0.26%. A total of 2243 inguinal hernia repairs were performed and 26.4 % of these repairs were for strangulation. The total number of inguinal hernia repairs averaged 77.3 repairs per 100 000 adult males per year and the elective repair rate was low at 0.9%. There is the need to increase the levels of elective repair of inguinal hernia in Kumasi.
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Evaluation of an Anger Therapy Intervention for Incarcerated Adult Males
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Vannoy, Steven D.; Hoyt, William T.
2004-01-01
An anger therapy intervention was developed for incarcerated adult males. The therapy was an extension of cognitive-behavioral approaches, incorporating principles and practices drawn from Buddhist psychology. Adult males from a Midwestern low-security prison were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (n= 16) or a waiting list control…
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Glacier extent in sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago from MIS 3 period: Evidence from 36Cl dating
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jomelli, Vincent; Schimmelpfennig, Irene; Favier, Vincent; Mokadem, Fatima; Landais, Amaelle; Rinterknecht, Vincent; Brunstein, Daniel; Verfaillie, Deborah; Legentil, Claude; Aumaitre, Georges; Bourlès, Didier L.; Keddadouche, Karim
2018-03-01
Documenting sub-Antarctic glacier variations during the local last glacial maximum is of major interest to better understand their sensitivity to atmospheric and oceanic temperature changes in conjunction with Antarctic ice sheet changes. However, data are sparse because evidence of earlier glacier extents is for most sub-Antarctic islands located offshore making their observation complex. Here, we present 22 cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure ages obtained from five sites at Kerguelen to document the glacial history. The 36Cl ages from roche moutonnee surfaces, erratics and boulders collected on moraines span from 41.9 ± 4.4 ka to 14.3 ± 1.1 ka. Ice began to retreat on the eastern part of the main island before 41.4 ± 4.4 ka. Slow deglaciation occurred from ∼41 to ∼29 ka. There is no evidence of advances between 29 ka and the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) period (∼14.5-12.9 ka) period. During the ACR, however, the Bontemps and possibly Belvedere moraines were formed by the advance of a Cook Ice Cap outlet glacier and a local glacier on the Presque Ile Jeanne d'Arc, respectively. This glacier evolution differs partly from that of glaciers in New Zealand and in Patagonia. These asynchronous glacier changes in the sub-Antarctic region are however in agreement with sea surface temperature changes recorded around Antarctica, which suggest differences in the climate evolution of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic sectors of Antarctica.
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Orthodontic treatment need in Asian adult males.
Soh, Jen; Sandham, Andrew
2004-12-01
Orthodontic treatment in adults has gained social and professional acceptance in recent years. An assessment of orthodontic treatment need helps to identify individuals who will benefit from treatment and safeguard their interest. The purpose of this study was to assess the objective and subjective levels of orthodontic treatment need in a sample of orthodontically untreated adult Asian males. A sample of male army recruits (n = 339, age 17-22 years, Chinese = 258, Malay = 60, Indian = 21) with no history of orthodontic treatment or craniofacial anomalies participated in the study on a voluntary basis with informed consent. Impressions for study models were taken. Objective treatment need was assessed based on study model analysis using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Questionnaires were used to assess subjective treatment need based on subjective esthetic component (EC) ratings. Fifty percentage of the sample had a definite need for orthodontic treatment (dental health component [DHC] grades 4 and 5), whereas 29.2% had a moderate need for treatment (DHC grades 3). The occlusal trait most commonly identified was dental crossbite. Malay males had the highest percentage with a definite need for treatment for both dental health and esthetic reasons in comparison with Chinese and Indian males. However, there was no difference in the level of treatment need among the ethnic groups (P > .05). No correlation between objective and subjective EC scores was found (P > .05). A high level of investigator-identified treatment need was not supported by a similar level of subject awareness among the adult sample.
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Is the Oceanography of the New Zealand Subantarctic Region Responding to the Tropics?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Forcen-Vazquez, A. N.
2016-02-01
The Campbell Plateau, south of New Zealand plays an important role in New Zealand's regional climate and its oceanography may have a significant impact on fluctuations in fish stocks and marine mammal populations. It is located between the Subtropical and Subantarctic Fronts and exhibits marked variability over long time scales. It has been previously assumed, because of its location, that the Campbell Plateau oceanography is driven by Subantarctic and polar processes. Recent analysis, presented here, suggests this in not the case, and instead forcing comes from the tropics and subtropics. This is supported by positive correlations of Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) with SOI leading changes on the Campbell Plateau by two months for SLA and seven months for SST. Here we will present evidence of the similarity between the Campbell Plateau and the Tasman Sea SLA trends which suggests a closer relationship with the subtropical region. Satellite collected SLA data and SST from the last two decades are investigated to understand trends and long-term variability over the Campbell Plateau and its relationship with the surrounding open ocean, and other potential remote drivers of variability.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yu, Lisan; Jin, Xiangze; Schulz, Eric W.; Josey, Simon A.
2017-08-01
This study analyzed shipboard air-sea measurements acquired by the icebreaker Aurora Australis during its off-winter operation in December 2010 to May 2012. Mean conditions over 7 months (October-April) were compiled from a total of 22 ship tracks. The icebreaker traversed the water between Hobart, Tasmania, and the Antarctic continent, providing valuable in situ insight into two dynamically important, yet poorly sampled, regimes: the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean and the Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Indian Ocean sector. The transition from the open water to the ice-covered surface creates sharp changes in albedo, surface roughness, and air temperature, leading to consequential effects on air-sea variables and fluxes. Major effort was made to estimate the air-sea fluxes in the MIZ using the bulk flux algorithms that are tuned specifically for the sea-ice effects, while computing the fluxes over the sub-Antarctic section using the COARE3.0 algorithm. The study evidenced strong sea-ice modulations on winds, with the southerly airflow showing deceleration (convergence) in the MIZ and acceleration (divergence) when moving away from the MIZ. Marked seasonal variations in heat exchanges between the atmosphere and the ice margin were noted. The monotonic increase in turbulent latent and sensible heat fluxes after summer turned the MIZ quickly into a heat loss regime, while at the same time the sub-Antarctic surface water continued to receive heat from the atmosphere. The drastic increase in turbulent heat loss in the MIZ contrasted sharply to the nonsignificant and seasonally invariant turbulent heat loss over the sub-Antarctic open water.
Plain Language SummaryThe icebreaker Aurora Australis is a research and supply vessel that is regularly chartered by the Australian Antarctic Division during the southern summer to operate in waters between Hobart, Tasmania, and Antarctica. The vessel serves as the main lifeline to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhDT........59N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhDT........59N"><span>Patient-specific FDG dosimetry for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, <span class="hlt">adult</span> females, and very low birth weight infants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Niven, Erin</p> <p></p> <p>Fluorodeoxyglucose is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical in Positron Emission Tomography, with applications in neurology, cardiology, and oncology. Despite its routine use worldwide, the radiation absorbed dose estimates from FDG have been based primarily on data obtained from two dogs studied in 1977 and 11 <span class="hlt">adults</span> (most likely <span class="hlt">males</span>) studied in 1982. In addition, the dose estimates calculated for FDG have been centered on the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>, with little or no mention of variations in the dose estimates due to sex, age, height, weight, nationality, diet, or pathological condition. Through an extensive investigation into the Medical Internal Radiation Dose schema for calculating absorbed doses, I have developed a simple patient-specific equation; this equation incorporates the parameters necessary for alterations to the mathematical values of the human model to produce an estimate more representative of the individual under consideration. I have used this method to determine the range of absorbed doses to FDG from the collection of a large quantity of biological data obtained in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, <span class="hlt">adult</span> females, and very low birth weight infants. Therefore, a more accurate quantification of the dose to humans from FDG has been completed. My results show that per unit administered activity, the absorbed dose from FDG is higher for infants compared to <span class="hlt">adults</span>, and the dose for <span class="hlt">adult</span> women is higher than for <span class="hlt">adult</span> men. Given an injected activity of approximately 3.7 MBq kg-1, the doses for <span class="hlt">adult</span> men, <span class="hlt">adult</span> women, and full-term newborns would be on the order of 5.5, 7.1, and 2.8 mSv, respectively. These absorbed doses are comparable to the doses received from other nuclear medicine procedures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783443510657','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783443510657"><span>Diatom and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy for the late Eocene: ODP 1090 (<span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Atlantic)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Barron, John A.; Bukry, David B.; Gersonde, Rainer</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Abundant and well-preserved diatoms and silicofl agellate assemblages are documented through a complete late Eocene sequence, ODP Hole 1090B, recovered from the southern Agulhas Ridge in the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> South Atlantic. A sequence of Cestodiscus (diatom) species occurrence events involving C. pulchellus var. novazealandica, C. fennerae, C. antarcticus, C. convexus, C. trochus, and C. robustus is tied with paleomagnetic stratigraphy and provides the basis of proposing a new diatom zonation for the latest middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~37.6–33.4 Ma) of the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> South Atlantic. Comparison with previously published diatom occurrence charts suggested this zonation should be applicable throughout the low latitude regions of the world’s oceans. Silicofl agellates belong to the Dictyocha hexacantha and the overlying Corbisema apiculata Zones. The late Eocene succession of silicofl agellate species is dominated by Naviculopsis (20–60%). Naviculopsis constricta and N. foliacea dominate the D. hexacantha Zone, followed by the N. constricta, then N. biapiculata in the C. apiculata Zone. Cold-water Distephanus is most abundant in the latest Eocene along with N. biapiculata. The tops of zonal guide fossils Dictyocha hexacantha and Hannaites quadria (both 36.6 Ma) and Dictyocha spinosa (37.1 Ma) are tied with paleomagnetic stratigraphy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SolE....5..705A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SolE....5..705A"><span>Microbial biomass and basal respiration of selected <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abakumov, E.; Mukhametova, N.</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Antarctica is a unique place for soil, biological, and ecological investigations. Soils of Antarctica have been studied intensively during the last century, when different national Antarctic expeditions visited the sixth continent with the aim of investigating nature and the environment. Antarctic investigations are comprised of field surveys mainly in the terrestrial landscapes, where the polar stations of different countries are situated. That is why the main and most detailed soil surveys were conducted in the McMurdo Valleys, Transantarctic Mountains, South Shetland Islands, Larsemann Hills and the Schirmacher Oasis. Our investigations were conducted during the 53rd and 55th Russian Antarctic expeditions in the base of soil pits, and samples were collected in <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> and Antarctic regions. <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> or maritime landscapes are considered to be very different from Antarctic landscapes due to differing climatic and geogenic conditions. Soils of diverse zonal landscapes were studied with the aim of assessing the microbial biomass level, basal respiration rates and metabolic activity of microbial communities. This investigation shows that Antarctic soils are quite diverse in profile organization and carbon content. In general, <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> soils are characterized by more developed humus (sod) organo-mineral horizons as well as by an upper organic layer. The most developed organic layers were revealed in peat soils of King George Island, where its thickness reach, in some cases, was 80 cm. These soils as well as soils formed under guano are characterized by the highest amount of total organic carbon (TOC), between 7.22 and 33.70%. Coastal and continental Antarctic soils exhibit less developed Leptosols, Gleysols, Regolith and rare Ornhitosol, with TOC levels between 0.37 and 4.67%. The metabolic ratios and basal respiration were higher in <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> soils than in Antarctic ones, which can be interpreted as a result of higher amounts of fresh organic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SolED...6..869A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SolED...6..869A"><span>Microbial biomass and basal respiration in <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abakumov, E.; Mukhametova, N.</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Antarctica is the unique place for pedological investigations. Soils of Antarctica have been studied intensively during the last century. Antarctic logistic provides the possibility to scientists access the terrestrial landscapes mainly in the places of polar stations. That is why the main and most detailed pedological investigations were conducted in Mc Murdo Valleys, Transantarctic Mountains, South Shetland Islands, Larsemann hills and Schirmacher Oasis. Investigations were conducted during the 53rd and 55th Russian Antarctic expeditions on the base of soil pits and samples collected in <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> and Antarctic regions. Soils of diverse Antarctic landscapes were studied with aim to assess the microbial biomass level, basal respiration rates and metabolic activity of microbial communities. The investigation conducted shows that soils of Antarctic are quite different in profile organization and carbon content. In general, <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> soils are characterized by more developed humus (sod) organo-mineral horizons as well as the upper organic layer. The most developed organic layers were revealed in peat soils of King-George Island, where its thickness reach even 80 cm. These soils as well as soils under guano are characterized by the highest amount of total organic carbon (TOC) 7.22-33.70%. Coastal and continental soils of Antarctic are presented by less developed Leptosols, Gleysols, Regolith and rare Ornhitosol with TOC levels about 0.37-4.67%. The metabolic ratios and basal respiration were higher in <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> soils than in Antarctic ones which can be interpreted as result of higher amounts of fresh organic remnants in organic and organo-mineral horizons. Also the soils of King-George island have higher portion of microbial biomass (max 1.54 mg g-1) than coastal (max 0.26 mg g-1) and continental (max 0.22 mg g-1) Antarctic soils. <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> soils mainly differ from Antarctic ones in increased organic layers thickness and total organic carbon content</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506900','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506900"><span>Adolescent females with a substance use disorder: affiliations with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Castillo Mezzich, A; Giancola, P R; Lu, S Y; Parks, S M; Ratica, G M; Dunn, M</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>To test the hypothesis that low socioeconomic status (SES), a disturbed parent-daughter relationship, early sexual development, and antisocial behavior are risk factors in adolescent females affiliating with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners. To determine whether the relation between these risk factors and affiliating with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners is stronger in females with greater, rather than fewer, substance use disorders (SUD). Subjects were 180 adolescent females with SUD and 87 normal controls (14-18 years of age). The SUD group had a lower SES and more negative parent-daughter interactions, and exhibited greater antisocial tendencies. Also, the SUD group showed a more frequent affiliation with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners. Chronological age, age of menarche (sexual development), antisocial behavior, and quality of the parent-daughter relationship were significantly associated with affiliation with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners. Moreover, the number of SUD diagnoses enhanced the relation between the quality of the parent-daughter relationship and antisocial behavior with affiliation with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners. From a prevention perspective, interventions directed at enhancing child rearing practices, communication skills, and involvement in children's needs and activities might result in improved parent-child attachments that may attentuate young women's propensities to become involved in antisocial behavior and affiliate with <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual partners. Also, the risk imposed by an early sexual maturation may be offset by enhancing the female adolescent's social skills to select non-deviant and supportive <span class="hlt">male</span> partners.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038873','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038873"><span>Hypopituitarism patterns among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with prolactinomas.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peng, Junxiang; Qiu, Mingxing; Qi, Songtao; Li, Danling; Peng, Yuping</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to characterize hypopituitarism in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with prolactinomas. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 102 consecutive patients, classified under three categories based on adenoma size at diagnosis: 1.0-2.0cm (group A), 2.1-4.0cm (group B), and >4.0cm (group C). Further, 76 patients had successful outcomes at follow-up. We compared different forms of pituitary hormone dysfunction (growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and hypocortisolism) based on the maximal adenoma diameter. Serum prolactin levels were significantly correlated with the maximal adenoma diameter (r=0.867; P=0.000). Of the patients, 89.2% presented with pituitary failure, which included 74.5% with growth hormone deficiency, 71.6% with hypogonadism, 28.4% with hypothyroidism, and 12.7% with hypocortisolism. The three groups did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in the incidence of hypopituitarism, including the extent of pituitary axis deficiency, at presentation and following treatment. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the degree of hypogonadism in cases of acquired pituitary insufficiency at diagnosis (P=0.000). In <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with prolactin-secreting adenomas, the most common form of pituitary hormone dysfunction was growth hormone deficiency and hypogonadism, whereas hypocortisolism was less common. The maximal adenoma diameter and prolactin secretion did not determine hormone insufficiency in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with prolactinomas, but these factors did affect the degree of both hypogonadism and hypothyroidism. Smaller tumors were found to recur more frequently than large tumors, and recovery was more common in cases of growth hormone deficiency and hypogonadism. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19704393','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19704393"><span>The <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners of <span class="hlt">adult</span> versus teen women with sexually transmitted infections.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thurman, Andrea Ries; Holden, Alan E C; Shain, Rochelle N; Perdue, Sondra T</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>We compared the <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual partners of teen girls of age 15 to 19 years, currently infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) versus the <span class="hlt">male</span> partners of <span class="hlt">adult</span> women of age 20 to 41 years, with an STI to determine risk factors in these high-risk sexual dyads related to the <span class="hlt">male</span> partner. Interview of 514 men who were partnered with 152 teen girls and 362 <span class="hlt">adult</span> women, enrolled in Project Sexual Awareness for Everyone, a randomized controlled trial of behavioral intervention to reduce recurrent STIs. Compared to the <span class="hlt">male</span> partners of <span class="hlt">adult</span> women, <span class="hlt">male</span> partners of teen girls were significantly more likely (P < 0.05) to be infected with any STI at intake. Men partnered with teens were younger and had significantly more sexual partners per year sexually active, shorter relationship length, and shorter length of monogamy with the index girls. They were more likely to report that it was "really important" for the teen to have their baby (P = 0.04) and were slightly more likely to be the father of her children (P = 0.17). Young age independently predicted STI infection in men. Although all women had an STI at intake, important differences were noted among the <span class="hlt">male</span> partners of teens versus <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Clinicians with similar populations may use this data to understand the characteristics of <span class="hlt">male</span> partners of teens with STIs, in order to more effectively counsel <span class="hlt">adult</span> and teen women on partner notification, treatment and STI prevention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP34B..06M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP34B..06M"><span>Millennial-scale variability in dust deposition, marine export production, and nutrient consumption in the glacial <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> ocean (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Martinez-Garcia, A.; Sigman, D. M.; Anderson, R. F.; Ren, H. A.; Hodell, D. A.; Straub, M.; Jaccard, S.; Eglinton, T. I.; Haug, G. H.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Based on the limitation of modern Southern Ocean phytoplankton by iron and the evidence of higher iron-bearing dust fluxes to the ocean during ice ages, it has been proposed that iron fertilization of Southern Ocean phytoplankton contributed to the reduction in atmospheric CO2 during ice ages. In the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> zone of the Atlantic Southern Ocean, glacial increases in dust flux and export production have been documented, supporting the iron fertilization hypothesis. However, these observations could be interpreted alternatively as resulting from the equatorward migration of Southern Ocean fronts during ice ages if the observed productivity rise was not accompanied by an increase in major nutrient consumption. Here, new 230Th-normalized lithogenic and opal fluxes are combined with high-resolution biomarker measurements to reconstruct millennial-scale changes in dust deposition and marine export production in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Atlantic over the last glacial cycle. In the same record foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes are used to reconstruct ice age changes in surface nitrate utilization, providing a comprehensive test of the iron fertilization hypothesis. Elevation in foraminifera-bound δ15N, indicating more complete nitrate consumption, coincides with times of surface cooling and greater dust flux and export production. These observations indicate that the ice age <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> was characterized by iron fertilized phytoplankton growth. The resulting strengthening of the Southern Ocean's biological pump can explain the ~40 ppm lowering of CO2 that characterizes the transitions from mid-climate states to full ice age conditions as well as the millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 fluctuations observed within the last ice age</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26794592','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26794592"><span>Sexual interactions with unfamiliar females reduce hippocampal neurogenesis among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spritzer, M D; Curtis, M G; DeLoach, J P; Maher, J; Shulman, L M</p> <p>2016-03-24</p> <p>Recent experiments have shown that sexual interactions prior to cell proliferation cause an increase in neurogenesis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Because <span class="hlt">adult</span> neurogenesis is critical for some forms of memory, we hypothesized that sexually induced changes in neurogenesis may be involved in mate recognition. Sexually naive <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were either exposed repeatedly to the same sexual partner (familiar group) or to a series of novel sexual partners (unfamiliar group), while control <span class="hlt">males</span> never engaged in sexual interactions. Ovariectomized female rats were induced into estrus every four days. <span class="hlt">Males</span> were given two injections of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) (200mg/kg) to label proliferating cells, and the first sexual interactions occurred three days later. <span class="hlt">Males</span> in the familiar and unfamiliar groups engaged in four, 30-min sexual interactions at four-day intervals, and brain tissue was collected the day after the last sexual interaction. Immunohistochemistry followed by microscopy was used to quantify BrdU-labeled cells. Sexual interactions with unfamiliar females caused a significant reduction in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus compared to <span class="hlt">males</span> that interacted with familiar females and compared to the control group. The familiar group showed no difference in neurogenesis compared to the control group. <span class="hlt">Males</span> in the familiar group engaged in significantly more sexual behavior (ejaculations and intromissions) than did <span class="hlt">males</span> in the unfamiliar group, suggesting that level of sexual activity may influence neurogenesis levels. In a second experiment, we tested whether this effect was unique to sexual interactions by replicating the entire procedure using anestrus females. We found that interactions with unfamiliar anestrus females reduced neurogenesis relative to the other groups, but this effect was not statistically significant. In combination, these results indicate that interactions with unfamiliar females reduce <span class="hlt">adult</span> neurogenesis and the effect is stronger for sexual</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9238548','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9238548"><span>The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual dysfunction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sarwer, D B; Crawford, I; Durlak, J A</p> <p>1997-07-01</p> <p>The present study investigated the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual dysfunction in men. In addition, the investigation compared sexually abused men and women on the characteristics of the sexual abuse. Subjects were 359 men who sought sexual dysfunction treatment. Thirty men reported a history of sexual abuse. Characteristics of the sexual abuse experienced by these men also were compared to the sexual abuse experienced by 73 women initially investigated elsewhere (Sarwer & Durlak 1996). Sexual abuse was not found to predict sexual dysfunction in these men. Rather, unemployment served as the only significant predictor of <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual dysfunction. Comparisons of the sexual abuse reported by <span class="hlt">male</span> and female victims indicated that <span class="hlt">males</span> were more likely to experience physical force, but were less likely than female victims to be abused more than once and to be abused by an <span class="hlt">adult</span>. The results support the notion that childhood sexual abuse may not be as disruptive to <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual functioning in men as it is in women. This difference may be a function of the specific circumstances of the sexual abuse. Suggestions for future research on <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual abuse are provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4517277','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4517277"><span>Twentieth century surge of excess <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mortality</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Beltrán-Sánchez, Hiram; Finch, Caleb E.; Crimmins, Eileen M.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Using historical data from 1,763 birth cohorts from 1800 to 1935 in 13 developed countries, we show that what is now seen as normal—a large excess of female life expectancy in adulthood—is a demographic phenomenon that emerged among people born in the late 1800s. We show that excess <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mortality is clearly rooted in specific age groups, 50–70, and that the sex asymmetry emerged in cohorts born after 1880 when <span class="hlt">male</span>:female mortality ratios increased by as much as 50% from a baseline of about 1.1. Heart disease is the main condition associated with increased excess <span class="hlt">male</span> mortality for those born after 1900. We further show that smoking-attributable deaths account for about 30% of excess <span class="hlt">male</span> mortality at ages 50–70 for cohorts born in 1900–1935. However, after accounting for smoking, substantial excess <span class="hlt">male</span> mortality at ages 50–70 remained, particularly from cardiovascular disease. The greater <span class="hlt">male</span> vulnerability to cardiovascular conditions emerged with the reduction in infectious mortality and changes in health-related behaviors. PMID:26150507</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED326757.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED326757.pdf"><span>Sexual Behaviors and AIDS Concerns among Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Heterosexual <span class="hlt">Males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pomerantz, Sherry C.; Vergare, Michael J.</p> <p></p> <p>As the human immunodeficiency virus spreads beyond homosexuals and intravenous drug users into the heterosexual community, there is heightened interest in the sexual behavior of sexually active young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. There is little information on young <span class="hlt">adult</span> black <span class="hlt">males</span>, who may be at increased risk, since blacks in this country are contracting Acquired…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28187387','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28187387"><span>Permeable bio-reactive barriers to address petroleum hydrocarbon contamination at <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Macquarie Island.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Freidman, Benjamin L; Terry, Deborah; Wilkins, Dan; Spedding, Tim; Gras, Sally L; Snape, Ian; Stevens, Geoffrey W; Mumford, Kathryn A</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>A reliance on diesel generated power and a history of imperfect fuel management have created a legacy of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination at <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Macquarie Island. Increasing environmental awareness and advances in contaminant characterisation and remediation technology have fostered an impetus to reduce the environmental risk associated with legacy sites. A funnel and gate permeable bio-reactive barrier (PRB) was installed in 2014 to address the migration of Special Antarctic Blend diesel from a spill that occurred in 2002, as well as older spills and residual contaminants in the soil at the Main Power House. The PRB gate comprised of granular activated carbon and natural clinoptilolite zeolite. Petroleum hydrocarbons migrating in the soil water were successfully captured on the reactive materials, with concentrations at the outflow of the barrier recorded as being below reporting limits. The nutrient and iron concentrations delivered to the barrier demonstrated high temporal variability with significant iron precipitation observed across the bed. The surface of the granular activated carbon was largely free from cell attachment while natural zeolite demonstrated patchy biofilm formation after 15 months following PRB installation. This study illustrates the importance of informed material selection at field scale to ensure that adsorption and biodegradation processes are utilised to manage the environmental risk associated with petroleum hydrocarbon spills. This study reports the first installation of a permeable bio-reactive barrier in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span>. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25566097','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25566097"><span>Dietary glucose regulates yeast consumption in <span class="hlt">adult</span> Drosophila <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lebreton, Sébastien; Witzgall, Peter; Olsson, Marie; Becher, Paul G</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The adjustment of feeding behavior in response to hunger and satiety contributes to homeostatic regulation in animals. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster feeds on yeasts growing on overripe fruit, providing nutrients required for <span class="hlt">adult</span> survival, reproduction and larval growth. Here, we present data on how the nutritional value of food affects subsequent yeast consumption in Drosophila <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. After a period of starvation, flies showed intensive yeast consumption. In comparison, flies stopped feeding after having access to a nutritive cornmeal diet. Interestingly, dietary glucose was equally efficient as the complex cornmeal diet. In contrast, flies fed with sucralose, a non-metabolizable sweetener, behaved as if they were starved. The adipokinetic hormone and insulin-like peptides regulate metabolic processes in insects. We did not find any effect of the adipokinetic hormone pathway on this modulation. Instead, the insulin pathway was involved in these changes. Flies lacking the insulin receptor (InR) did not respond to nutrient deprivation by increasing yeast consumption. Together these results show the importance of insulin in the regulation of yeast consumption in response to starvation in <span class="hlt">adult</span> D. melanogaster <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24376821','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24376821"><span>Soil calcium availability influences shell ecophenotype formation in the <span class="hlt">sub-antarctic</span> land snail, Notodiscus hookeri.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Charrier, Maryvonne; Marie, Arul; Guillaume, Damien; Bédouet, Laurent; Le Lannic, Joseph; Roiland, Claire; Berland, Sophie; Pierre, Jean-Sébastien; Le Floch, Marie; Frenot, Yves; Lebouvier, Marc</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Ecophenotypes reflect local matches between organisms and their environment, and show plasticity across generations in response to current living conditions. Plastic responses in shell morphology and shell growth have been widely studied in gastropods and are often related to environmental calcium availability, which influences shell biomineralisation. To date, all of these studies have overlooked micro-scale structure of the shell, in addition to how it is related to species responses in the context of environmental pressure. This study is the first to demonstrate that environmental factors induce a bi-modal variation in the shell micro-scale structure of a land gastropod. Notodiscus hookeri is the only native land snail present in the Crozet Archipelago (<span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> region). The <span class="hlt">adults</span> have evolved into two ecophenotypes, which are referred to here as MS (mineral shell) and OS (organic shell). The MS-ecophenotype is characterised by a thick mineralised shell. It is primarily distributed along the coastline, and could be associated to the presence of exchangeable calcium in the clay minerals of the soils. The Os-ecophenotype is characterised by a thin organic shell. It is primarily distributed at high altitudes in the mesic and xeric fell-fields in soils with large particles that lack clay and exchangeable calcium. Snails of the Os-ecophenotype are characterised by thinner and larger shell sizes compared to snails of the MS-ecophenotype, indicating a trade-off between mineral thickness and shell size. This pattern increased along a temporal scale; whereby, older <span class="hlt">adult</span> snails were more clearly separated into two clusters compared to the younger <span class="hlt">adult</span> snails. The prevalence of glycine-rich proteins in the organic shell layer of N. hookeri, along with the absence of chitin, differs to the organic scaffolds of molluscan biominerals. The present study provides new insights for testing the adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity in response to spatial and temporal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471365','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471365"><span>Three-dimensional <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> head and skull contours.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Calvin; Loyd, Andre M; Nightingale, Roger; Myers, Barry S; Damon, Andrew; Bass, Cameron R</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, affecting millions of people annually. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and finite element models (FEMs) provide a means of understanding factors leading to TBI, potentially reducing the occurrence. Thus, there is a need to ensure that these tools accurately model humans. For example, the Hybrid III was not based on 3-dimensional human head shape data. The objective of this study is to produce average head and skull contours for an average U.S. <span class="hlt">male</span> that can be used for ATDs and FEMs. Computed tomography (CT) scans of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> heads were obtained from a database provided by the University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics. An orthographic viewer was used to extract head and skull contours from the CT scans. Landmarks were measured graphically using HyperMesh (Altair, HyperWorks). To determine the head occipital condyle (OC) centroid, surface meshes of the OCs were made and the centroid of the surfaces was calculated. The Hybrid III contour was obtained using a MicroScribe Digitizer (Solution Technologies, Inc., Oella, MD). Comparisons of the average <span class="hlt">male</span> and ATD contours were performed using 2 methods: (1) the midsagittal and midcoronal ATD contours relative to the OC centroid were compared to the corresponding 1 SD range of the average <span class="hlt">male</span> contours; (2) the ATD sagittal contour was translated relative to the average <span class="hlt">male</span> sagittal contour to minimize the area between the 2 contours. Average <span class="hlt">male</span> head and skull contours were created. Landmark measurements were made for the dorsum sellae, nasion skin, nasion bone, infraorbital foramen, and external auditory meatus, all relative to the OC centroid. The Hybrid III midsagittal contour was outside the 1 SD range for 15.2 percent of the average <span class="hlt">male</span> head contour but only by a maximum distance of 1.5 mm, whereas the Hybrid III midcoronal head contour was outside the 1 SD range for 12.2 percent of the average <span class="hlt">male</span> head contour by a maximum distance</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CSR....43...36M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CSR....43...36M"><span>Aspects of reproductive ecology and benthic-pelagic coupling in the <span class="hlt">sub-antarctic</span> sea cucumber Pseudostichopus mollis (Theel)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morgan, Andrew; Neal, Lance</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>For deeper regions of the continental shelf environmental cues entraining reproduction in echinoderms are often absent, which contributes to adoption of continuous reproduction, having larger eggs, and a lecithotrophic mode of larval development. In the present study the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> sea cucumber Pseudostichopus mollis from the family Synallactidae was obtained during June (winter) and September (spring) from a depth of approximately 300 m north of the Auckland Islands in an area abundant in biogenic sediments. Samples were processed for body indices and gonad development. Features characteristic of non-continuous reproduction were exhibited. Although a larger egg size was found (212±14 μm), two distinct winter cohorts of oocytes occurred (41-81 and 161-201 μm) and body wall weight fluctuations (7.6% increase in <span class="hlt">males</span> and 27.5% reduction in females) coincided with changes in gonad indices between sample dates. For <span class="hlt">males</span> gonad as a proportion of body wall weight decreased from 3.31±0.9 to 2.11±0.37% and for females it increased from 1.59±0.28 to 2.5±0.30%. For both sample dates the gonad of <span class="hlt">males</span> maintained mature spermatozoa whereas female gonad shifted from mainly recovery and growth of oocytes to growth and advanced growth of mature oocytes. In habitats with low or variable food availability intermittent reproduction is predicted as resources are too low for a high reproductive effort and too erratic for synchrony. A pattern of reproduction where fluctuations in seasonal organic input into an accumulated benthic food source initiates and synchronises gametogenesis for future spawning is proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28382004','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28382004"><span>Effects of 12 Weeks Resistance Training on Serum Irisin in Older <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Jiexiu; Su, Zhongjun; Qu, Chaoyi; Dong, Yanan</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Background: To assess the effects of resistance training on circulating irisin concentration in older <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>, and to investigate the association between resistance training induced alteration of irisin and body fat. Methods: Seventeen older <span class="hlt">adults</span> (mean age is 62.1 years old) were randomized into old control group (<span class="hlt">male</span>, n = 7), and old training group (<span class="hlt">male</span>, n = 10). The control group has no any exercise intervention. The resistance training group underwent leg muscle strength and core strength training program two times/wk, 55 min/class for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, we evaluated serum irisin level and body composition. Results: Serum irisin level was significantly increased in the resistance training group after the 12 weeks intervention period ( P < 0.01), but not in the control group. In the resistance training group, the reduction in whole-body fat percent was negatively correlated with the increase in serum irisin level ( r = -0.705, P < 0.05). Conclusion: After the 12 weeks intervention, circulating irisin levels were significantly elevated in the older <span class="hlt">adults</span>. In summary, serum irisin may be involved in the regulation of body fat in older <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3625252','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3625252"><span>Stable isotope evidence of meat eating and hunting specialization in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> chimpanzees</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fahy, Geraldine E.; Richards, Michael; Riedel, Julia; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Boesch, Christophe</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Observations of hunting and meat eating in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), suggest that among primates, regular inclusion of meat in the diet is not a characteristic unique to Homo. Wild chimpanzees are known to consume vertebrate meat, but its actual dietary contribution is, depending on the study population, often either unknown or minimal. Constraints on continual direct observation throughout the entire hunting season mean that behavioral observations are limited in their ability to accurately quantify meat consumption. Here we present direct stable isotope evidence supporting behavioral observations of frequent meat eating among wild <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. Meat eating among some of the <span class="hlt">male</span> chimpanzees is significant enough to result in a marked isotope signal detectable on a short-term basis in their hair keratin and long-term in their bone collagen. Although both <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females and juveniles derive their dietary protein largely from daily fruit and seasonal nut consumption, our data indicate that some <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> also derive a large amount of dietary protein from hunted meat. Our results reinforce behavioral observations of <span class="hlt">male</span>-dominated hunting and meat eating in <span class="hlt">adult</span> Taï chimpanzees, suggesting that sex differences in food acquisition and consumption may have persisted throughout hominin evolution, rather than being a recent development in the human lineage. PMID:23530185</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661523','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661523"><span>Campylobacter subantarcticus sp. nov., isolated from birds in the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> region.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Debruyne, Lies; Broman, Tina; Bergström, Sven; Olsen, Björn; On, Stephen L W; Vandamme, Peter</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>Six Gram-stain-negative, spiral-shaped, microaerobic isolates were obtained during a sampling from wild birds in the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> region. Based on initial observations, these isolates were classified as Campylobacter lari-like. The isolates were further characterized by whole-cell protein and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, which revealed that they were distinct from C. lari and all other known species of the genus Campylobacter. Here, we present comprehensive phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic evidence that these isolates represent a novel species within the genus Campylobacter, for which the name Campylobacter subantarcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-3023(T) (=LMG 24377(T) =CCUG 38513(T)).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4273620','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4273620"><span>Dietary glucose regulates yeast consumption in <span class="hlt">adult</span> Drosophila <span class="hlt">males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lebreton, Sébastien; Witzgall, Peter; Olsson, Marie; Becher, Paul G.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The adjustment of feeding behavior in response to hunger and satiety contributes to homeostatic regulation in animals. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster feeds on yeasts growing on overripe fruit, providing nutrients required for <span class="hlt">adult</span> survival, reproduction and larval growth. Here, we present data on how the nutritional value of food affects subsequent yeast consumption in Drosophila <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. After a period of starvation, flies showed intensive yeast consumption. In comparison, flies stopped feeding after having access to a nutritive cornmeal diet. Interestingly, dietary glucose was equally efficient as the complex cornmeal diet. In contrast, flies fed with sucralose, a non-metabolizable sweetener, behaved as if they were starved. The adipokinetic hormone and insulin-like peptides regulate metabolic processes in insects. We did not find any effect of the adipokinetic hormone pathway on this modulation. Instead, the insulin pathway was involved in these changes. Flies lacking the insulin receptor (InR) did not respond to nutrient deprivation by increasing yeast consumption. Together these results show the importance of insulin in the regulation of yeast consumption in response to starvation in <span class="hlt">adult</span> D. melanogaster <span class="hlt">males</span>. PMID:25566097</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=clinical+AND+case+AND+study+AND+anorexia&id=EJ303916','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=clinical+AND+case+AND+study+AND+anorexia&id=EJ303916"><span>Outpatient Treatment of Primary Anorexia Nervosa in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ziesat, Harold A., Jr.; Ferguson, James M.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Describes three cases of <span class="hlt">adult</span>-onset primary anorexia nervosa in <span class="hlt">males</span>. For each case, the history and diagnostic patterns are considered, followed by a discussion of the course of outpatient treatment. The therapy was multimodal and included elements of behavioral contingency management, cognitive therapy, and dynamic psychotherapy. (JAC)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24769524','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24769524"><span>Sexual odor discrimination and physiological profiles in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats after a neonatal, short term, reversible nasal obstruction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thornton, S N; Padzys, G S; Trabalon, M</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The present study was designed to examine behavioral responses (interpreted as preferences) to olfactory cues (nest bedding odor and odors of estrous and anestrus females) in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats after they had a short term reversible, bilateral, nasal obstruction (RbNO) as developing rat pups. These results were compared to behavior of control (untreated) and sham operated <span class="hlt">male</span> littermates. Behavioral tests and physiological parameters were analyzed 90 days after recovery of nasal breathing. Experiments investigated the time spent in arms or the center of a maze of <span class="hlt">male</span> rats in response to odors from the nest bedding or from <span class="hlt">adult</span> females. There were no differences in responses between untreated, sham and RbNO <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats to fresh and nest bedding odors. RbNO <span class="hlt">males</span> spent more time in the center of the maze when given a choice of estrus or anestrus female odors, or bedding odors from untreated or sham operated female rats. In contrast untreated and sham <span class="hlt">male</span> rats preferred the odors of estrous females and of untreated or sham females. Plasma corticosterone levels in the <span class="hlt">males</span> increased during the behavioral tests. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower in RbNO <span class="hlt">males</span> compared to untreated <span class="hlt">males</span> and did not increase during the behavioral tests compared to sham operated <span class="hlt">males</span>. <span class="hlt">Males</span> from all groups had similar preferences for the odor of bedding from <span class="hlt">adult</span> RbNO females. Plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were increased in RbNO <span class="hlt">adults</span>. In conclusion, short term nasal obstruction in <span class="hlt">males</span> while juvenile has long term consequences on hormones and behavioral preferences, thus potential partner selection when <span class="hlt">adult</span>. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2883314','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2883314"><span>Anabolic androgenic steroids differentially affect social behaviors in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Syrian hamsters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Salas-Ramirez, Kaliris Y.; Montalto, Pamela R.; Sisk, Cheryl L.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone used by over half a million adolescents in the United States for their tissue-building potency and performance-enhancing effects. AAS also affect behavior, including reports of heightened aggression and changes in sexual libido. The expression of sexual and aggressive behaviors is a function of complex interactions among hormones, social context, and the brain, which is extensively remodeled during adolescence. Thus, AAS may have different consequences on behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Using a rodent model, these studies directly compared the effects of AAS on the expression of <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual and aggressive behaviors in adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span>. <span class="hlt">Male</span> Syrian hamsters were injected daily for 14 days with either vehicle or an AAS cocktail containing testosterone cypionate (2 mg/kg), nandrolone decanoate (2 mg/kg), and boldenone undecylenate (1 mg/kg), either during adolescence (27–41 days of age) or in adulthood (63–77 days of age). The day after the last injection, <span class="hlt">males</span> were tested for either sexual behavior with a receptive female or agonistic behavior with a <span class="hlt">male</span> intruder. Adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> treated with AAS showed significant increases in sexual and aggressive behaviors relative to vehicle-treated adolescents. In contrast, AAS-treated <span class="hlt">adults</span> showed significantly lower levels of sexual behavior compared with vehicle-treated <span class="hlt">adults</span> and did not show heightened aggression. Thus, adolescents, but not <span class="hlt">adults</span>, displayed significantly higher behavioral responses to AAS, suggesting that the still-developing adolescent brain is more vulnerable than the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain to the adverse consequences of AAS on the nervous system and behavior. PMID:18201704</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003HMR....57..110T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003HMR....57..110T"><span>Extended hatching periods in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> lithodid crabs Lithodes santolla and Paralomis granulosa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thatje, S.; Calcagno, J. A.; Lovrich, G. A.; Sartoris, F. J.; Anger, K.</p> <p>2003-06-01</p> <p>Temporal pattern of hatching was studied in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> lithodid crabs Lithodes santolla (Molina) and Paralomis granulosa (Jaquinot) from the Argentine Beagle Channel. In both species, larval hatching occurred in low daily numbers over an extended period of up to several weeks, depending on hatch size. Low daily hatching activity and low oxygen-consumption rates in freshly hatched P. granulosa larvae are discussed as life history adaptations to, and/or physiological constraints by, the environmental conditions of high latitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070757','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070757"><span>Isolation and molecular identification of free-living amoebae of the genus Naegleria from Arctic and <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> regions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>De Jonckheere, Johan F</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>Twenty-three freshwater samples with sediment taken from two regions in the Arctic, Spitzbergen and Greenland, and one region in sub-Antarctica, Ile de la Possession, were cultured for amoebae at 37 degrees C and room temperature (RT). Only two samples yielded amoebae at 37 degrees C and the two isolates were identified from their morphological features to belong to the genus Acanthamoeba. Vahlkampfiid amoebae were isolated from 11 samples at RT. Morphological analysis of the cysts identified all 11 isolates as belonging to the genus Naegleria, although only about half of them (45%) transformed into flagellates. Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that these isolates represent novel species and that N. antarctica, N. dobsoni and N. chilensis are their closest relatives. Not surprisingly, these three species also grow at lower temperatures (<37 degrees C) than the majority of described Naegleria spp. Two of the eight new species were found in both Arctic and <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> regions, and other new species from the Arctic are closely related to new species from the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span>. Therefore, it seems the Naegleria gene pool present in the polar regions is different from that found in temperate and tropical regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26197627','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26197627"><span>Erectile Dysfunction in the Older <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mola, Joanna R</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Erectile dysfunction (ED) in the older <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> is a significant problem affecting more than 75% of men over 70 years of age in the United States. Older men have an increased likelihood of developing ED due to chronic disease, comorbid conditions, and age-related changes. Research has demonstrated that while the prevalence and severity of ED increases with age, sexual desire often remains unchanged. This article discusses the clinical picture of ED, including relevant pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and evaluation and treatment options.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16683565','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16683565"><span>[Effect of tail-suspension on the reproduction of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhou, Dang-xia; Qiu, Shu-dong; Wang, Zhi-yong; Zhang, Jie</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>To study the effects on the <span class="hlt">male</span> reproduction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats and its mechanisms through simulated weightlessness using tail-suspension, in order to do a basic works of exploring the effects on human being's reproduction in outer space. Forty Spraque-Dawley <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were randomly divided into four groups, two experimental groups and two control groups. Rats in the two experimental groups were tail-suspended for 14 d and 28 d respectively, then we examined the weight and morphology of testis, the quality and amount of sperm, also tested the serum hormone by radioimmunoassay and analyzed apoptosis rate of testicular cells by TUNEL in the experimental rats and control rats. After tail-suspension, the weight of testis, the sperm count and sperm motility significantly decreased (P <0.05), while the apoptosis rate of testicular cells and the amount of abnormal sperm markedly increased (P <0.05). The content of testosterone significantly decreased (P <0.05), but the contents of FSH and LH mildly increased (P > 0.05). These changes were not significant between two experimental groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the seminiferous tubules became atrophy with the reduction of the layers of seminiferous epithelium, and sperm amount in lumens of seminiferous tubules decreased in experimental groups. The above were more remarkable in the 28 d experimental group. Simulating weightlessness has a harmful effect on reproduction of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. These may be caused by inducing apoptosis. The blocking apoptosis of testicular cells may be useful in improving the harmful effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019267','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019267"><span>Energy drink consumption is associated with anxiety in Australian young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Trapp, Georgina S A; Allen, Karina; O'Sullivan, Therese A; Robinson, Monique; Jacoby, Peter; Oddy, Wendy H</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Energy drinks are predominantly targeted to young <span class="hlt">adult</span> consumers; however, there has been limited research into their effects on psychological functioning in this demographic group. This study examined cross-sectional associations between energy drink consumption and mental health in a population-based sample of young <span class="hlt">adults</span> participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. We used self-report questionnaires to assess energy drink consumption and mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21; DASS-21) at the 20-year cohort follow-up. In the regression analyses, we considered associations between energy drink consumption (mL/day) and continuous DASS-21 scores, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, alcohol and drug use, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and dietary intake. Our sample included 502 <span class="hlt">males</span> and 567 females (mean age 20 ± 3 years). After adjusting for potential confounding factors and controlling for coexisting mental health problems, energy drink consumption (per 100 mL/day) was significantly associated with anxiety (but not depression or stress), and this relationship was found only in <span class="hlt">males</span> (β = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.58). Our study found that energy drink consumption was associated with increased anxiety in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Further research into the possible contribution of energy drink use to the development of mental health problems in young <span class="hlt">adults</span> is needed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=107133&keyword=climate+AND+change+AND+evidence&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=107133&keyword=climate+AND+change+AND+evidence&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT WATER MASSES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ON DIMETHYLSULPHIDE AND DIMETHYLSULPHONIOPROPIONATE IN THE <span class="hlt">SUBANTARCTIC</span> ZONE OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN DURING ACE-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Measurements of salinity, temperature, phytoplankton biomass and speciation, dissolved nitrate, dimethylsulphide (DMS) in seawater and air, and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), were made in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> zone of the Southern Ocean from 40|-54|S, and 140|-153|E during the So...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3869943','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3869943"><span>Soil Calcium Availability Influences Shell Ecophenotype Formation in the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Land Snail, Notodiscus hookeri</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Charrier, Maryvonne; Marie, Arul; Guillaume, Damien; Bédouet, Laurent; Le Lannic, Joseph; Roiland, Claire; Berland, Sophie; Pierre, Jean-Sébastien; Le Floch, Marie; Frenot, Yves; Lebouvier, Marc</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Ecophenotypes reflect local matches between organisms and their environment, and show plasticity across generations in response to current living conditions. Plastic responses in shell morphology and shell growth have been widely studied in gastropods and are often related to environmental calcium availability, which influences shell biomineralisation. To date, all of these studies have overlooked micro-scale structure of the shell, in addition to how it is related to species responses in the context of environmental pressure. This study is the first to demonstrate that environmental factors induce a bi-modal variation in the shell micro-scale structure of a land gastropod. Notodiscus hookeri is the only native land snail present in the Crozet Archipelago (<span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> region). The <span class="hlt">adults</span> have evolved into two ecophenotypes, which are referred to here as MS (mineral shell) and OS (organic shell). The MS-ecophenotype is characterised by a thick mineralised shell. It is primarily distributed along the coastline, and could be associated to the presence of exchangeable calcium in the clay minerals of the soils. The Os-ecophenotype is characterised by a thin organic shell. It is primarily distributed at high altitudes in the mesic and xeric fell-fields in soils with large particles that lack clay and exchangeable calcium. Snails of the Os-ecophenotype are characterised by thinner and larger shell sizes compared to snails of the MS- ecophenotype, indicating a trade-off between mineral thickness and shell size. This pattern increased along a temporal scale; whereby, older <span class="hlt">adult</span> snails were more clearly separated into two clusters compared to the younger <span class="hlt">adult</span> snails. The prevalence of glycine-rich proteins in the organic shell layer of N. hookeri, along with the absence of chitin, differs to the organic scaffolds of molluscan biominerals. The present study provides new insights for testing the adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity in response to spatial and temporal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15858571','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15858571"><span>Increased productivity in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> ocean during Heinrich events.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sachs, Julian P; Anderson, Robert F</p> <p>2005-04-28</p> <p>Massive iceberg discharges from the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, 'Heinrich events', coincided with the coldest periods of the last ice age. There is widespread evidence for Heinrich events and their profound impact on the climate and circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean, but their influence beyond that region remains uncertain. Here we use a combination of molecular fingerprints of algal productivity and radioisotope tracers of sedimentation to document eight periods of increased productivity in the subpolar Southern Ocean during the past 70,000 years that occurred within 1,000-2,000 years of a Northern Hemisphere Heinrich event. We discuss possible causes for such a link, including increased supply of iron from upwelling and increased stratification during the growing season, which imply an alteration of the global ocean circulation during Heinrich events. The mechanisms linking North Atlantic iceberg discharges with <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> productivity remain unclear at this point. We suggest that understanding how the Southern Ocean was altered during these extreme climate perturbations is critical to understanding the role of the ocean in climate change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29410794','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29410794"><span>Survival of <span class="hlt">adult</span> Steller sea lions in Alaska: senescence, annual variation and covariation with <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive success.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hastings, Kelly K; Jemison, Lauri A; Pendleton, Grey W</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Population dynamics of long-lived vertebrates depend critically on <span class="hlt">adult</span> survival, yet factors affecting survival and covariation between survival and other vital rates in <span class="hlt">adults</span> remain poorly examined for many taxonomic groups of long-lived mammals (e.g. actuarial senescence has been examined for only 9 of 34 extant pinniped species using longitudinal data). We used mark-recapture models and data from 2795 Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) pups individually marked at four of five rookeries in southeastern Alaska (SEAK) and resighted for 21 years to examine senescence, annual variability and covariation among life-history traits in this long-lived, sexually dimorphic pinniped. Sexes differed in age of onset (approx. 16-17 and approx. 8-9 years for females and <span class="hlt">males</span>, respectively), but not rate (-0.047 and -0.046/year of age for females and <span class="hlt">males</span>) of senescence. Survival of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from northern SEAK had greatest annual variability (approx. ±0.30 among years), whereas survival of <span class="hlt">adult</span> females ranged approximately ±0.10 annually. Positive covariation between <span class="hlt">male</span> survival and reproductive success was observed. Survival of territorial <span class="hlt">males</span> was 0.20 higher than that of non-territorial <span class="hlt">males</span>, resulting in the majority of <span class="hlt">males</span> alive at oldest ages being territorial.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5792871','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5792871"><span>Survival of <span class="hlt">adult</span> Steller sea lions in Alaska: senescence, annual variation and covariation with <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive success</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jemison, Lauri A.; Pendleton, Grey W.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Population dynamics of long-lived vertebrates depend critically on <span class="hlt">adult</span> survival, yet factors affecting survival and covariation between survival and other vital rates in <span class="hlt">adults</span> remain poorly examined for many taxonomic groups of long-lived mammals (e.g. actuarial senescence has been examined for only 9 of 34 extant pinniped species using longitudinal data). We used mark–recapture models and data from 2795 Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups individually marked at four of five rookeries in southeastern Alaska (SEAK) and resighted for 21 years to examine senescence, annual variability and covariation among life-history traits in this long-lived, sexually dimorphic pinniped. Sexes differed in age of onset (approx. 16–17 and approx. 8–9 years for females and <span class="hlt">males</span>, respectively), but not rate (−0.047 and −0.046/year of age for females and <span class="hlt">males</span>) of senescence. Survival of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from northern SEAK had greatest annual variability (approx. ±0.30 among years), whereas survival of <span class="hlt">adult</span> females ranged approximately ±0.10 annually. Positive covariation between <span class="hlt">male</span> survival and reproductive success was observed. Survival of territorial <span class="hlt">males</span> was 0.20 higher than that of non-territorial <span class="hlt">males</span>, resulting in the majority of <span class="hlt">males</span> alive at oldest ages being territorial. PMID:29410794</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25906915','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25906915"><span>Molecular subtypification of human papillomavirus in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> individuals with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>García-Romero, Carmen S; Akaki-Caballero, Matsuharu; Saavedra-Mendoza, Ana G; Guzmán-Romero, Ana K; Canto, Patricia; Coral-Vázquez, Ramón M</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>This study aimed to identify the isotype of human papillomavirus (HPV) in fresh tissue samples of 35 <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> with <span class="hlt">adult</span> recurrent <span class="hlt">adult</span> respiratory papillomatosis which may be important to define the precise etiology of the disease, and determine the therapeutic and prophylactic measures. A total of 35 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patients diagnosed with active RRP who have been treated for several years were included in the study. DNA of patients was extracted from fresh biological samples and analyzed by PCR and a Linear Array® HPV Genotyping system. Most cases (95%) corresponded to <span class="hlt">adult</span>-onset of RRP. A questionnaire was applied to obtain demographic and clinical data. Using a PCR-based detection system all patients showed the presence of HPV; 80% were positive for HPV-6, 8% for HPV-11 and one for HPV-16. Most patients presented HPV-6 and consequently it was not feasible to correlate clinical and demographic characteristics with viral type. Besides, co-infections were not evident. This knowledge may be relevant to delineate therapeutic and preventive measures. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3113855','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3113855"><span>A Behavioral Comparison of <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female <span class="hlt">Adults</span> with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lai, Meng-Chuan; Lombardo, Michael V.; Pasco, Greg; Ruigrok, Amber N. V.; Wheelwright, Sally J.; Sadek, Susan A.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Baron-Cohen, Simon</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) affect more <span class="hlt">males</span> than females in the general population. However, within ASC it is unclear if there are phenotypic sex differences. Testing for similarities and differences between the sexes is important not only for clinical assessment but also has implications for theories of typical sex differences and of autism. Using cognitive and behavioral measures, we investigated similarities and differences between the sexes in age- and IQ-matched <span class="hlt">adults</span> with ASC (high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome). Of the 83 (45 <span class="hlt">males</span> and 38 females) participants, 62 (33 <span class="hlt">males</span> and 29 females) met Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) cut-off criteria for autism in childhood and were included in all subsequent analyses. The severity of childhood core autism symptoms did not differ between the sexes. <span class="hlt">Males</span> and females also did not differ in self-reported empathy, systemizing, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive traits/symptoms or mentalizing performance. However, <span class="hlt">adult</span> females with ASC showed more lifetime sensory symptoms (p = 0.036), fewer current socio-communication difficulties (p = 0.001), and more self-reported autistic traits (p = 0.012) than <span class="hlt">males</span>. In addition, females with ASC who also had developmental language delay had lower current performance IQ than those without developmental language delay (p<0.001), a pattern not seen in <span class="hlt">males</span>. The absence of typical sex differences in empathizing-systemizing profiles within the autism spectrum confirms a prediction from the extreme <span class="hlt">male</span> brain theory. Behavioral sex differences within ASC may also reflect different developmental mechanisms between <span class="hlt">males</span> and females with ASC. We discuss the importance of the superficially better socio-communication ability in <span class="hlt">adult</span> females with ASC in terms of why females with ASC may more often go under-recognized, and receive their diagnosis later, than <span class="hlt">males</span>. PMID:21695147</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580956','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580956"><span>Alkane biodegradation genes from chronically polluted <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> coastal sediments and their shifts in response to oil exposure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guibert, Lilian M; Loviso, Claudia L; Marcos, Magalí S; Commendatore, Marta G; Dionisi, Hebe M; Lozada, Mariana</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>Although sediments are the natural hydrocarbon sink in the marine environment, the ecology of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in sediments is poorly understood, especially in cold regions. We studied the diversity of alkane-degrading bacterial populations and their response to oil exposure in sediments of a chronically polluted <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> coastal environment, by analyzing alkane monooxygenase (alkB) gene libraries. Sequences from the sediment clone libraries were affiliated with genes described in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, with 67 % amino acid identity in average to sequences from isolated microorganisms. The majority of the sequences were most closely related to uncultured microorganisms from cold marine sediments or soils from high latitude regions, highlighting the role of temperature in the structuring of this bacterial guild. The distribution of alkB sequences among samples of different sites and years, and selection after experimental oil exposure allowed us to identify ecologically relevant alkB genes in <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> sediments, which could be used as biomarkers for alkane biodegradation in this environment. 16 S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing indicated the abundance of several genera for which no alkB genes have yet been described (Oleispira, Thalassospira) or that have not been previously associated with oil biodegradation (Spongiibacter-formerly Melitea-, Maribius, Robiginitomaculum, Bizionia and Gillisia). These genera constitute candidates for future work involving identification of hydrocarbon biodegradation pathway genes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3640247','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3640247"><span>Photometric facial analysis of the Igbo Nigerian <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ukoha, Ukoha Ukoha; Udemezue, Onochie Okwudili; Oranusi, Chidi Kingsley; Asomugha, Azuoma Lasbrey; Dimkpa, Uchechukwu; Nzeukwu, Lynda Chinenye</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background: A carefully performed facial analysis can serve as a strong foundation for successful facial reconstructive and plastic surgeries, rhinoplasty or orthodontics. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the facial features and qualities of the Igbo Nigerian <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> using photometry. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects aged between 18 and 28 years were studied at the Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria. The frontal and right lateral view photographs of their faces were taken and traced out on tracing papers. On these, two vertical distances, nasion to subnasal and subnasale to menton, and four angles, nasofrontal (NF), nasofacial, nasomental (NM) and mentocervical, were measured. Results: The result showed that the Igbo Nigerian <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> had a middle face that was shorter than the lower one (41.76% vs.58.24%), a moderate glabella (NF=133.97°), a projected nose (NM=38.68°) and a less prominent chin (NM=125.87°). Conclusion: This study is very important in medical practice as it can be used to compare the pre- and post-operative results of plastic surgery and other related surgeries of the face. PMID:23661886</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27211206','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27211206"><span>Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in mainland and <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) populations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Michael, S A; Howe, L; Chilvers, B L; Morel, Pch; Roe, W D</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>To investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri), as a potential contributor to reproductive failure. Archived sera were sourced from New Zealand sea lions from two recolonising mainland populations in the Otago Peninsula (n=15) and Stewart Island (n=12), as well as a declining population at Enderby Island (n=28) in the New Zealand <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span>. Sera were tested for antibodies to T. gondii using a commercially available ELISA (with samples considered positive if the sample to positive ratio was >30%), and latex agglutination test (LAT; with titres ≥1:32 considered positive). Western blot analysis was used to validate the results of a subset of 14 samples. Five samples from sea lions in mainland locations were confirmed positive for antibodies to T. gondii. Two <span class="hlt">adult</span> females exhibited high LAT antibody titres (min 1:2048, max 1:4096) on both occasions when sampled 1 and 2 years apart, respectively. No animals from Enderby Island were seropositive. Toxoplasma gondii infection is unlikely to be a major contributor to poor reproductive success in New Zealand sea lions. However, continued surveillance is pertinent to assess subclinical and clinical impacts of the parasite on these threatened populations. The commercial tests evaluated here, with further species-specific threshold refinement could provide a fast, inexpensive and reliable indicator of T. gondii exposure in New Zealand sea lions.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29504581','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29504581"><span>Effect of footwear on standing balance in healthy young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alghadir, Ahmad H; Zafar, Hamayun; Anwer, Shahnawaz</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of footwear on standing balance in healthy young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Thirty healthy <span class="hlt">male</span> participants aged 20-30 years were tested for standing balance on the Balance Master on three occasions, including wearing a sandal, standard shoe, or no footwear (barefoot). The tests of postural stability include; "Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance" (mCTSIB), "Unilateral Stance" (US), and the "Limits of Stability" (LOS). The balance scores (mCTSIB, US, and LOS) was analyzed. There was a significant effect between footwear conditions for mCTIB with eye closed on a firm surface (p=0.002). There was a significant effect between footwear conditions for the US with eye open and closed (p⟨0.05). There was a significant effect between footwear conditions for LOS reaction time during forward movement (p=0.02). Similarly, there was a significant effect between footwear conditions for LOS reaction time during left side movement (p=0.01). Wearing sandals compared to bare feet significantly increased postural sway and reduced stability in healthy young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. However, wearing a standard shoe compared to bare feet did not significantly affect balance scores in standing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26202610','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26202610"><span>Soil invertebrate community change over fuel-contaminated sites on a <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> island: An ecological field-based line of evidence for site risk assessment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wasley, Jane; Mooney, Thomas J; King, Catherine K</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>A number of fuel spills, of both recent and historic origins, have occurred on World Heritage-listed <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Macquarie Island. Sites contaminated by mainly diesel fuels are undergoing remediation by the Australian Antarctic Division. The risks posed by these sites are being managed using a "weight of evidence" approach, for which this study provides a preliminary line of evidence for the ecological assessment component of this site management decision framework. This knowledge is pertinent, given the absence of environmental guidelines for fuel contaminants in <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> ecosystems. We provide a field-based, site-specific ecological risk assessment for soil invertebrate communities across the fuel spill sites, before the commencement of in situ remediation activities. Springtails (Collembola) were the most abundant taxa. Springtail community patterns showed only limited correlations with the level of fuel contamination at the soil surface, even when elevated levels occurred in the substratum layers. Of the environmental variables measured, community patterns were most strongly correlated with vegetation cover. We identify a suite of 6 species that contribute most to the community dynamics across these sites. A subset of these we propose as useful candidates for future development of single-species toxicity tests: Folsomotoma punctata, Cryptopygus caecus, Cryptopygus antarcticus and Parisotoma insularis. Findings from this study advance our understanding of soil invertebrate community dynamics within these contaminated sites, directly contributing to the improved management and restoration of the sites. Not only does this study provide an important line of evidence for the island's ecological risk assessment for fuel contaminants, it also enhances our understanding of the potential impact of fuels at other <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> islands. © 2015 SETAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27973386','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27973386"><span>Bone health measured using quantitative ultrasonography in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with muscular dystrophy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morse, C I; Smith, J; Denny, A; Tweedale, J; Searle, N D; Winwood, K; Onambele-Pearson, G L</p> <p>2016-12-14</p> <p>To compare muscle and bone health markers in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> (aged 20-59 yrs) with and without muscular dystrophy (MD). Participants included 11 Fascioscapulohumeral (FSH), 11 Becker's (Be), 9 limb girdle (LG), 11 Duchenne (DMD), and 14 non-dystrophic controls (CTRL). Physical activity was assessed using Bone (BPAQ) and disability specific (PASIPD) questionnaires. Bone QUS provided T- and Z scores from the Distal Radius (DR) and Mid-shaft tibia (MST). Tibialis anterior cross sectional area (TA ACSA ) was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Grip strength was measured in all but DMD. Physical activity was lower in DMD, FSH and BeMD than CTRL (P<0.05), and lower in DMD than other MDs (P<0.01). T and Z scores were lower in DMD and Be than CTRL (DR, P<0.05); and lower in DMD than CTRL, LG, and FSH (MST, P<0.01). TA ACSA and grip strength was 35-59% and 50-58% smaller in MD than CTRL, respectively (P<0.01). Within MD, BPAQ correlated with bone QUS measures (r=0.42-0.38, P<0.01). PASIPD correlated with grip strength (r=0.65, P<0.01) and TA ACSA (r=0.46, P<0.01). Muscle size, strength, and bone health was lower in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with MD compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> without MD, the extent of this is partially determined by physical activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842369','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842369"><span>Different adaptations of Chinese winter-over expeditioners during prolonged Antarctic and <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> residence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Nan; Wu, Quan; Li, Hao; Zhang, Tao; Xu, Chengli</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Prolonged residence in Antarctica is characterized by exposure to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environment. Winter-over expeditioners at research stations often exhibit a complex of psychophysiological symptoms, which varied by stations and sociocultural backgrounds. To understand the different patterns of psychophysiological responses provoked by environmental stress, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of mood and endocrine function in two groups of Chinese expeditioners who were deployed to <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> (Great Wall Station, 62°S, N = 12) and Antarctic (Zhongshan Station, 66°S, N = 16) from December 2003 to 2005. Measures of mood, thyroid function, the levels of plasma catecholamine, and circulating interleukins were obtained at departure from China, mid-winter (Antarctica), end of winter (Antarctica), and return to China, respectively. The Zhongshan Station crew experienced significant increases in fatigue, anger, tension, confusion, and decrease in free thyroxine (FT4), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) during the winter, increase in thyrotropin (TSH) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) when returning, whereas their counterparts at Great Wall Station only experienced increased TT3 after deployment. Moreover, compared with the Great Wall Station crew, the Zhongshan Station crew exhibited greater increase in anger, greater decrease in FT4, total thyroxine (TT4), NE and E over the winter, and greater increase in TSH when returning. Chinese expeditioners who lived and worked at the Antarctic station and the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> station for over a year showed different change patterns in mood and endocrine hormones. Negative mood and endocrine dysfunction were positively associated with the severity of environment. The study is a supplement to scientific knowledge on psychophysiological variation under ICE environment, which has certain applied value for the development of preventive countermeasures or interventions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJBm...60..737C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJBm...60..737C"><span>Different adaptations of Chinese winter-over expeditioners during prolonged Antarctic and <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> residence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Nan; Wu, Quan; Li, Hao; Zhang, Tao; Xu, Chengli</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Prolonged residence in Antarctica is characterized by exposure to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environment. Winter-over expeditioners at research stations often exhibit a complex of psychophysiological symptoms, which varied by stations and sociocultural backgrounds. To understand the different patterns of psychophysiological responses provoked by environmental stress, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of mood and endocrine function in two groups of Chinese expeditioners who were deployed to <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> (Great Wall Station, 62°S, N = 12) and Antarctic (Zhongshan Station, 66°S, N = 16) from December 2003 to 2005. Measures of mood, thyroid function, the levels of plasma catecholamine, and circulating interleukins were obtained at departure from China, mid-winter (Antarctica), end of winter (Antarctica), and return to China, respectively. The Zhongshan Station crew experienced significant increases in fatigue, anger, tension, confusion, and decrease in free thyroxine (FT4), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) during the winter, increase in thyrotropin (TSH) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) when returning, whereas their counterparts at Great Wall Station only experienced increased TT3 after deployment. Moreover, compared with the Great Wall Station crew, the Zhongshan Station crew exhibited greater increase in anger, greater decrease in FT4, total thyroxine (TT4), NE and E over the winter, and greater increase in TSH when returning. Chinese expeditioners who lived and worked at the Antarctic station and the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> station for over a year showed different change patterns in mood and endocrine hormones. Negative mood and endocrine dysfunction were positively associated with the severity of environment. The study is a supplement to scientific knowledge on psychophysiological variation under ICE environment, which has certain applied value for the development of preventive countermeasures or interventions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5578501','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5578501"><span>Suppression of cuelure attraction in <span class="hlt">male</span> Queensland fruit flies provided raspberry ketone supplements as immature <span class="hlt">adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Akter, Humayra; Adnan, Saleh; Morelli, Renata; Taylor, Phillip W.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Tephritid fruit flies are amongst the most damaging insect pests of horticulture globally. Some of the key fruit fly species are managed using the sterile insect technique (SIT), whereby millions of sterile <span class="hlt">males</span> are released to suppress reproduction of pest populations. <span class="hlt">Male</span> annihilation technique (MAT), whereby sex specific lures are used to attract and kill <span class="hlt">males</span>, is often used to reduce wild <span class="hlt">male</span> numbers before SIT programs commence, providing released sterile <span class="hlt">males</span> an increased numerical advantage. Overall program efficacy might be improved if MAT could be deployed simultaneously with SIT, continuously depleting fertile <span class="hlt">males</span> from pest populations and replacing them with sterile <span class="hlt">males</span>. However, such ‘<span class="hlt">male</span> replacement’ requires a means of suppressing attraction of released sterile <span class="hlt">males</span> to lures used in MAT. Previous studies have found that exposure of some fruit flies to lure compounds as mature <span class="hlt">adults</span> can suppress subsequent response to those lures, raising the possibility of pre-release treatments. However, this approach requires holding flies until after maturation for treatment and then release. The present study takes a novel approach of exposing immature <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni, or ‘Qfly’) to raspberry ketone (RK) mixed in food, forcing these flies to ingest RK at ages far younger than they would naturally. After feeding on RK-supplemented food for two days after emergence, <span class="hlt">male</span> Qflies exhibited a reduction in attraction to cuelure traps that lasted more than 20 days. This approach to RK exposure is compatible with current practises, in which Qflies are released as immature <span class="hlt">adults</span>, and also yields advantages of accelerated reproductive development and increased mating propensity at young ages. PMID:28859132</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5329096','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5329096"><span>Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphisms and Early Parent-Infant Interactions Are Related to <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Heart Rate Response to Female Crying</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Truzzi, Anna; Bornstein, Marc H.; Senese, Vincenzo P.; Shinohara, Kazuyuki; Setoh, Peipei; Esposito, Gianluca</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adults</span>' adaptive interactions with intimate partners enhance well-being. Here we hypothesized that <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>' physiological responses to opposite-sex conspecifics' distress result from an interaction between an environmental factor (early social interaction with caregivers) and a genetic factor (a polymorphism within the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR). We assessed heart rate changes in 42 non-married <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> to distress vocalizations (female, infant, and bonobo cries). <span class="hlt">Males</span>' early interaction with parents was assessed using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Buccal mucosa cell samples were collected to assess their 5-HTTLPR genotype. A significant interaction emerged between early experience and genetic predisposition. <span class="hlt">Males</span> with a genetic predisposition for higher sensitivity to environmental factors showed atypical physiological responses to <span class="hlt">adult</span> female cries according to their experienced early maternal parenting. Environmental experiences and genetic characteristics are associated with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>' physiological responses to socially meaningfully stimuli. Understanding the mechanisms that modulate responses to opposite-sex conspecifics may improve personal well-being and social adaptiveness. PMID:28293197</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PMB....48.1239K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PMB....48.1239K"><span>All about MAX: a <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> voxel phantom for Monte Carlo calculations in radiation protection dosimetry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kramer, R.; Vieira, J. W.; Khoury, H. J.; Lima, F. R. A.; Fuelle, D.</p> <p>2003-05-01</p> <p>The MAX (<span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adult</span> voXel) phantom has been developed from existing segmented images of a <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> body, in order to achieve a representation as close as possible to the anatomical properties of the reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> specified by the ICRP. The study describes the adjustments of the soft-tissue organ masses, a new dosimetric model for the skin, a new model for skeletal dosimetry and a computational exposure model based on coupling the MAX phantom with the EGS4 Monte Carlo code. Conversion coefficients between equivalent dose to the red bone marrow as well as effective MAX dose and air-kerma free in air for external photon irradiation from the front and from the back, respectively, are presented and compared with similar data from other human phantoms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=boldness&pg=2&id=EJ291601','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=boldness&pg=2&id=EJ291601"><span>Personal Competence of Institutionalized <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> with or without Down Syndrome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Greenspan, Stephen; Delaney, Karen</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>The Personal Competence Profile was administered to 30 <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> with Down syndrome and 30 without Down syndrome matched on age, IQ, and years of instituionalization. Down syndrome subjects rated higher on attention, calmness, and niceness but lower on sensation, language, and boldness. (Author/CL)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22515392','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22515392"><span>Non-atopic <span class="hlt">males</span> with <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset asthma are at risk of persistent airflow limitation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Amelink, M; de Nijs, S B; Berger, M; Weersink, E J; ten Brinke, A; Sterk, P J; Bel, E H</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>Patients with asthma have on average a more rapid decline in FEV (1) as compared with the general population. Recent cluster analysis has revealed different asthma phenotypes that can be distinguished by age of onset and reversibility of airflow limitation. This study aimed at detecting risk factors associated with persistent airflow limitation in patients with the <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset asthma phenotype. We recruited 88 patients with <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset (≥ 18 years) asthma from an academic pulmonary outpatient clinic in the Netherlands. The associations of age, age of asthma onset, asthma duration, gender, race, atopy, smoking pack-years, BMI, use of oral corticosteroids with post-bronchodilator FEV (1) /FVC were investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis showed an association of absence of atopy (r = -0.27, B = -0.26, P = 0.01) and <span class="hlt">male</span> gender (r = 0.31, B = 0.30, P = 0.004) with post-bronchodilator FEV (1) /FVC. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that <span class="hlt">male</span> patients were 10.8 (CI: 2.6-45.2) times the odds than women to have an FEV (1) /FVC < 0.7, and non-atopic patients were 5.2 (CI: 1.3-20.3) times the odds to have an FEV (1) /FVC < 0.7 than atopic patients. We conclude that in patients with <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset asthma, <span class="hlt">male</span> gender and absence of atopy are associated with persistent airflow limitation. This might suggest that amongst patients with <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset asthma, non-atopic <span class="hlt">male</span> patients are at increased risk of accelerated decline in lung function. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23241274','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23241274"><span>Prediction of <span class="hlt">adult</span> height by Tanner-Whitehouse method in young Caucasian <span class="hlt">male</span> athletes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ostojic, S M</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Although the accuracy of final height prediction using skeletal age development has been confirmed in many studies for children treated for congenital primary hypothyroidism, short normal children, constitutionally tall children, no studies compared the predicted <span class="hlt">adult</span> height at young age with final stature in athletic population. In this study, the intention was to investigate to what extent the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW) method is adequate for prediction of final stature in young Caucasian <span class="hlt">male</span> athletes. Prospective observational study. Plain radiographs of the left hand and wrist were obtained from 477 athletic children (ranging in age from 8.0 to 17.9 years) who came to the outpatient clinic between 2000 and 2011 for <span class="hlt">adult</span> height estimation, with no orthopedic trauma suspected. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> height was estimated using bone age rates according to TW method. Height was measured both at baseline and follow-up (at the age of 19 years). No significant difference was found between the estimated <span class="hlt">adult</span> height (184.9 ± 9.7 cm) and final stature (185.6 ± 9.6 cm) [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61-3.01, P = 0.55]. The relationship between estimated and final <span class="hlt">adult</span> height was high (r = 0.96). Bland-Altman analysis confirmed that the 95% of differences between estimated <span class="hlt">adult</span> height and final stature lie between limits of agreement (mean ± 2 SD) (-5.84 and 4.52 cm). TW method is an accurate method of predicting <span class="hlt">adult</span> height in <span class="hlt">male</span> normal-growing athletic boys.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23219394','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23219394"><span>Daily accumulation rates of marine debris on <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> island beaches.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Eriksson, Cecilia; Burton, Harry; Fitch, Stuart; Schulz, Martin; van den Hoff, John</p> <p>2013-01-15</p> <p>The worlds' oceans contain a large but unknown amount of plastic debris. We made daily collections of marine debris stranded at two <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> islands to establish (a) physical causes of strandings, and (b) a sampling protocol to better estimate the oceans' plastic loading. Accumulation rates at some beaches were dependent on tide and onshore winds. Most of the 6389 items collected were plastic (Macquarie 95%, Heard 94%) and discarded or lost fishing gear comprised 22% of those plastic items. Stalked barnacles (Lepas spp.) were a regular attachment on Macquarie debris but not at Heard Island. The daily accumulation rate of plastic debris on Macquarie Island was an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from monthly surveys during the same 4 months in the previous 5 years. This finding suggests that estimates of the oceans' plastic loading are an order of magnitude too low. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5881131','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5881131"><span>Effect of footwear on standing balance in healthy young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Alghadir, Ahmad H.; Zafar, Hamayun; Anwer, Shahnawaz</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of footwear on standing balance in healthy young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Methods: Thirty healthy <span class="hlt">male</span> participants aged 20-30 years were tested for standing balance on the Balance Master on three occasions, including wearing a sandal, standard shoe, or no footwear (barefoot). The tests of postural stability include; “Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance” (mCTSIB), “Unilateral Stance” (US), and the “Limits of Stability” (LOS). The balance scores (mCTSIB, US, and LOS) was analyzed. Results: There was a significant effect between footwear conditions for mCTIB with eye closed on a firm surface (p=0.002). There was a significant effect between footwear conditions for the US with eye open and closed (p<0.05). There was a significant effect between footwear conditions for LOS reaction time during forward movement (p=0.02). Similarly, there was a significant effect between footwear conditions for LOS reaction time during left side movement (p=0.01). Conclusions: Wearing sandals compared to bare feet significantly increased postural sway and reduced stability in healthy young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. However, wearing a standard shoe compared to bare feet did not significantly affect balance scores in standing. PMID:29504581</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25711510','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25711510"><span>Aripiprazole-Induced Hypoprolactinemia in an <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> with First-Episode Psychosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Propst, Alanna J; Jarvis, G Eric; Margolese, Howard C</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic that acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors. Compared to other atypical antipsychotics, aripiprazole has less metabolic side effects and is less likely to increase prolactin. Moreover, it has been shown to have a unique prolactin lowering effect. While aripiprazole has been associated with subnormal prolactin levels in children, no documented cases of hypoprolactinemia in <span class="hlt">adults</span> exist thus far. Here we report a case of aripiprazole-induced hypoprolactinemia in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> with first-episode psychosis, and the possible effects of abnormally low prolactin are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Social+AND+anxiety+AND+college+AND+students&pg=2&id=EJ863259','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Social+AND+anxiety+AND+college+AND+students&pg=2&id=EJ863259"><span>Are <span class="hlt">Males</span> and Females Sexually Abused as Children Socially Anxious <span class="hlt">Adults</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rojas, Ariz; Kinder, Bill N.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>It is well documented that childhood sexual abuse is associated with deleterious outcomes in the areas of anxiety, depression, and sexual functioning. However, very little research has been conducted to specifically investigate childhood sexual abuse's relationship to <span class="hlt">adult</span> social anxiety in both <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. Participants included 250…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5259575','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5259575"><span>Bone health measured using quantitative ultrasonography in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with muscular dystrophy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Morse, C.I.; Smith, J.; Denny, A.; Tweedale, J.; Searle, N.D.; Winwood, K.; Onambele-Pearson, G.L.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Objectives: To compare muscle and bone health markers in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> (aged 20-59 yrs) with and without muscular dystrophy (MD). Methods: Participants included 11 Fascioscapulohumeral (FSH), 11 Becker’s (Be), 9 limb girdle (LG), 11 Duchenne (DMD), and 14 non-dystrophic controls (CTRL). Physical activity was assessed using Bone (BPAQ) and disability specific (PASIPD) questionnaires. Bone QUS provided T- and Z scores from the Distal Radius (DR) and Mid-shaft tibia (MST). Tibialis anterior cross sectional area (TAACSA) was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Grip strength was measured in all but DMD. Results: Physical activity was lower in DMD, FSH and BeMD than CTRL (P<0.05), and lower in DMD than other MDs (P<0.01). T and Z scores were lower in DMD and Be than CTRL (DR, P<0.05); and lower in DMD than CTRL, LG, and FSH (MST, P<0.01). TAACSA and grip strength was 35-59% and 50-58% smaller in MD than CTRL, respectively (P<0.01). Within MD, BPAQ correlated with bone QUS measures (r=0.42-0.38, P<0.01). PASIPD correlated with grip strength (r=0.65, P<0.01) and TAACSA (r=0.46, P<0.01). Conclusion: Muscle size, strength, and bone health was lower in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with MD compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> without MD, the extent of this is partially determined by physical activity. PMID:27973386</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18570140','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18570140"><span>Fatal drink-driving accidents of young <span class="hlt">adult</span> and middle-aged <span class="hlt">males</span>--a risky driving style or risky lifestyle?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Laapotti, Sirkku; Keskinen, Esko</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>A range of situational and lifestyle-related factors in drink-driving fatal accidents were studied involving young <span class="hlt">adult</span> and middle-aged <span class="hlt">male</span> drivers in Finland. Fatal drink-driving accidents were compared to fatal accidents in which the driver had been sober. The study included all 18-to 59-year-old <span class="hlt">male</span> drivers' fatal car and van accidents investigated by the Road Accident Investigation Teams in Finland between 2000 and 2002 (n = 366 accidents). The variables describing the situation included the time of the accident, the road condition, the speed, possession of a valid licence, seat-belt usage, and the presence of passengers. The study found that among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> most of the studied situational factors bore no relation to the state of the driver (sober or drink driver). Only the time of day, seat-belt, usage, and possession of a valid licence were related to the state of the driver. Among middle-aged <span class="hlt">male</span> drivers, drink-driving and sober driving accidents differed more clearly. Further, when the social situation in the car was examined, it was found that accidents of sober and drink drivers differed from each other within the group of middle-aged drivers but not within the group of young <span class="hlt">adult</span> drivers. Heavy alcohol usage was found to characterize the lifestyle of the studied middle-aged drink drivers. It was concluded that for young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> drink-driving was a part of a more general risky driving style. Among middle-aged <span class="hlt">males</span> drink-driving was more related to a risky lifestyle with drinking problems. Possible countermeasures are discussed with regard to drink-driving among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> and middle-aged <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1133849.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1133849.pdf"><span>Effect of Eight-Week Exercise Program on Social Physique Anxiety Conditions in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Akyüz, Öznur</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Physiological changes occurring with physical activity have played role in appearance of a different field of study. Thus, examination of the effect of eight-week exercise program on SPA in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> forms the purpose of the study. 20 sedentary <span class="hlt">males</span> aged 18-25 voluntarily participated in the research. Volunteers were applied resistance exercise…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51B2288M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51B2288M"><span>Postglacial Records of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind Variability From the New Zealand <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Auckland Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moy, C. M.; Vandergoes, M.; Gilmer, G. J.; Nichols, J. E.; Dagg, B. J.; Wilson, G. S.; Browne, I. M.; Curtin, L. G.; Aebig, C.; McGlone, M.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The strength and latitudinal position of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHWW) play a fundamental role in influencing mid latitude climate and carbon dioxide exchange between the Southern Ocean and the atmosphere. Despite their importance, our understanding of past changes in the SHWW is limited by few paleoclimate records from the modern wind maximum that are often not in agreement. The New Zealand <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Auckland Islands are located within the core of the modern wind belt (50°S) where the ocean-atmospheric linkages between the Antarctic and middle latitudes are strong. In contrast to other <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> islands on the Campbell Plateau, the Auckland Islands have protected fjord sub-basins, deep lakes, and peatlands that are advantageous for the development of high-resolution paleoclimate records. We will present ongoing work towards the establishment of multi-proxy and multi-site reconstructions of past SHWW variability from the Auckland Islands. Modern process and paleoclimate results from two research cruises in 2014 and 2015 suggest that in lacustrine and fjord settings, the degree of water column mixing, the stable isotopic composition of n-alkanes and benthic foraminifera, the influx of terrestrial organic matter are good indicators of wind-induced mixing of the water column or precipitation-driven erosion within catchments. In ombrotrophic peatlands, hydrogen isotope ratios of specific organic molecules allow reconstructions of the hydrogen isotope ratios of precipitation, which is related to precipitation source area and the latitudinal position of the SHWW. Using macrofossil counts paired with abundances of leaf wax biomarkers, we are able to estimate the moisture balance at peatland coring sites. Early results indicate an overall strengthening of the SHWW at the Auckland Islands through the Holocene. We will discuss these results within the context of complimentary records developed from New Zealand and southern South America to ultimately</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=disorder+AND+deficit+AND+attentional+AND+hyperactivity&pg=6&id=EJ694455','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=disorder+AND+deficit+AND+attentional+AND+hyperactivity&pg=6&id=EJ694455"><span>ADHD and Reading Disability in <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adults</span>: Is There a Connection?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Samuelsson, S.; Lundberg, I.; Herkner, B.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The present study examined the comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Participants were 120 men, of whom 24 were classified as having ADHD. The basis for the diagnosis was two self-report scales validated by interviews and background data. An extensive battery was used to…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990081083&hterms=coastal+zone&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dcoastal%2Bzone','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990081083&hterms=coastal+zone&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dcoastal%2Bzone"><span>Near-Surface Phytoplankton Pigment from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner in the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Region Southeast of New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Banse, Karl; English, David C.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Primarily based on satellite images, the phytoplankton concentration southeast (down- stream) of New Zealand in the High Nitrate - Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> water between the Subtropical Convergence (STC) and the Polar Front (PF) is believed to be higher than in the remainder of the Pacific Sector. Iron enrichment is assumed to be the reason, To study the question, near-surface phytoplankton pigment estimates from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner for up to 7 yr were reprocessed with particular attention to interference by clouds. Monthly mean images were created for the U,S. JGOFS Box along 170 deg W and means for individual dates calculated for 7 large areas between 170 deg E and 160 deg W, 45 deg and 58 deg S, well offshore of New Zealand and principally between and away from the STC and PF. The areal means are about as low as in other HNLC regions (most values between 0.1 and 0.4 or 0.5 mg/ sq m, with very few winter images; median of seasonal means, 0.26 mg/sq m) except at times near the STC, The higher means tend to occur in late summer and autumn, However, contrary to expectations, neither the PF nor the environs of the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Front are distinguished by a zone of increased pigment. Also, of 24 spring-summer images of oceanic islands in mostly pigment-poor water, 17 yielded no recognizable elevated pigment; islands were 5 times surrounded by approximately doubled concentrations (ca 100 km in diameter), and 2 cases may have been associated with an extensive bloom. Inspection of offshore images showed concentrations of 1 greater than or equal to(up to 5) mg/sq m in rare patches of 65 to 200 km size on approximately one-tenth of the dates; such patches were not seen in <span class="hlt">Sub-antarctic</span> waters of the eastern Pacific Sector. A case is made for Australian airborne iron supply being the cause that, presumably, would enhance large-celled phytoplankton. Since, however, the putative iron supply from the seabed around the oceanic islands or the near</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED332138.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED332138.pdf"><span>A Comparison of the Abuse Experiences of <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female <span class="hlt">Adults</span> Molested as Children.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A.; Simon, Arthur F.</p> <p></p> <p>To determine whether the molestation experiences of boys and girls differ, this study analyzed data from 365 <span class="hlt">adults</span> (40 <span class="hlt">male</span> and 325 female) molested as children, and compared findings for <span class="hlt">males</span> and females on the identity of the perpetrator, age at onset and end of molestation, duration of molestation, type of sexual acts, and whether the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3733920','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3733920"><span>Mapping <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Cushion Plants Using Random Forests to Combine Very High Resolution Satellite Imagery and Terrain Modelling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bricher, Phillippa K.; Lucieer, Arko; Shaw, Justine; Terauds, Aleks; Bergstrom, Dana M.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Monitoring changes in the distribution and density of plant species often requires accurate and high-resolution baseline maps of those species. Detecting such change at the landscape scale is often problematic, particularly in remote areas. We examine a new technique to improve accuracy and objectivity in mapping vegetation, combining species distribution modelling and satellite image classification on a remote <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> island. In this study, we combine spectral data from very high resolution WorldView-2 satellite imagery and terrain variables from a high resolution digital elevation model to improve mapping accuracy, in both pixel- and object-based classifications. Random forest classification was used to explore the effectiveness of these approaches on mapping the distribution of the critically endangered cushion plant Azorella macquariensis Orchard (Apiaceae) on <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Macquarie Island. Both pixel- and object-based classifications of the distribution of Azorella achieved very high overall validation accuracies (91.6–96.3%, κ = 0.849–0.924). Both two-class and three-class classifications were able to accurately and consistently identify the areas where Azorella was absent, indicating that these maps provide a suitable baseline for monitoring expected change in the distribution of the cushion plants. Detecting such change is critical given the threats this species is currently facing under altering environmental conditions. The method presented here has applications to monitoring a range of species, particularly in remote and isolated environments. PMID:23940805</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27110170','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27110170"><span>Description of the larva of Mitosynum vockerothi Campbell, 1982, with remarks on the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> genital morphology (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Makranczy, György; Webster, Reginald P</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The previously unknown larva of Mitosynum vockerothi Campbell, 1982, is described and illustrated. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> terminalia and genitalia are illustrated with line drawings. <span class="hlt">Adults</span> of this species exhibit little difference in size or external morphology between <span class="hlt">males</span> and females.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12715088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12715088"><span>Fertility of <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats submitted to forced swimming stress.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mingoti, G Z; Pereira, R N; Monteiro, C M R</p> <p>2003-05-01</p> <p>We investigated whether stress interferes with fertility during adulthood. <span class="hlt">Male</span> Wistar rats (weighing 220 g in the beginning of the experiment) were forced to swim for 3 min in water at 32 degrees C daily for 15 days. Stress was assessed by the hot-plate test after the last stressing session. To assess fertility, control and stressed <span class="hlt">males</span> (N = 15 per group) were mated with sexually mature normal females. <span class="hlt">Males</span> were sacrificed after copulation. Stress caused by forced swimming was demonstrated by a significant increase in the latency of the pain response in the hot-plate test (14.6 +/- 1.25 s for control <span class="hlt">males</span> vs 26.0 +/- 1.53 s for stressed <span class="hlt">males</span>, P = 0.0004). No changes were observed in body weight, testicular weight, seminal vesicle weight, ventral prostate weight or gross histological features of the testes of stressed <span class="hlt">males</span>. Similarly, no changes were observed in fertility rate, measured by counting live fetuses in the uterus of normal females mated with control and stressed <span class="hlt">males</span>; no dead or incompletely developed fetuses were observed in the uterus of either group. In contrast, there was a statistically significant decrease in spermatid production demonstrated by histometric evaluation (154.96 +/- 5.41 vs 127.02 +/- 3.95 spermatids per tubular section for control and stressed rats, respectively, P = 0.001). These data demonstrate that 15 days of forced swimming stress applied to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats did not impair fertility, but significantly decreased spermatid production. This suggests that the effect of stress on fertility should not be assessed before at least the time required for one cycle of spermatogenesis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5610722','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5610722"><span>Nutritional Immunity Triggers the Modulation of Iron Metabolism Genes in the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus in Response to Piscirickettsia salmonis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Martínez, Danixa; Oyarzún, Ricardo; Pontigo, Juan Pablo; Romero, Alex; Yáñez, Alejandro J.; Vargas-Chacoff, Luis</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Iron deprivation is a nutritional immunity mechanism through which fish can limit the amount of iron available to invading bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of iron metabolism genes in the liver and brain of <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis. The specimens were inoculated with two P. salmonis strains: LF-89 (ATCC® VR-1361™) and Austral-005 (antibiotic resistant). Hepatic and brain samples were collected at intervals over a period of 35 days. Gene expression (by RT-qPCR) of proteins involved in iron storage, transport, and binding were statistically modulated in infected fish when compared with control counterparts. Specifically, the expression profiles of the transferrin and hemopexin genes in the liver, as well as the expression profiles of ferritin-M, ferritin-L, and transferrin in the brain, were similar for both experimental groups. Nevertheless, the remaining genes such as ferritin-H, ceruloplasmin, hepcidin, and haptoglobin presented tissue-specific expression profiles that varied in relation to the injected bacterial strain and sampling time-point. These results suggest that nutritional immunity could be an important immune defense mechanism for E. maclovinus against P. salmonis injection. This study provides relevant information for understanding iron metabolism of a <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> notothenioid fish. PMID:28974951</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21592175','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21592175"><span>Effect of different doses of Malaysian honey on reproductive parameters in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mohamed, M; Sulaiman, S A; Jaafar, H; Sirajudeen, K N S</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of Malaysian honey on <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive parameters in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats. Thirty-two healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats per group). Group 1 (control group) was given 0.5 ml of distilled water. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 0.2, 1.2 and 2.4 g kg(-1) body weight of honey respectively. The rats were treated orally by gavage once daily for 4 weeks. Honey did not significantly alter body and <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive organs weights. The rats in Group 3 which received honey at 1.2 g kg(-1) had significantly higher epididymal sperm count than those in Groups 1, 2 and 4. No significant differences were found for the percentage of abnormal sperm, elongated spermatid count, reproductive hormonal levels as well as the histology of the testis among the groups. In conclusion, Malaysian honey at a dose of 1.2 g kg(-1) daily significantly increased epididymal sperm count without affecting spermatid count and reproductive hormones. These findings might suggest that oral administration of honey at this dose for 4 weeks may enhance spermiogenesis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646317','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646317"><span>Di-n-butyl phthalate prompts interruption of spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and fertility associated with increased testicular oxidative stress in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nelli, Giribabu; Pamanji, Sreenivasula Reddy</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is extensively used as plasticizer, and it was ubiquitary released into the environment. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of DBP on reproductive competence in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were received corn oil or DBP injection intraperitoneally (ip) at 100 and 500 mg/kg body weight on 90, 97, 104, and 111 days. Following completion of the experimental period, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were cohabitated with untreated proestrus female rats for determination of fertilization capacity. Then, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were sacrificed, and other reproductive endpoints were determined by histopathology and biochemical analysis. The results revealed significant reduction of fertilization potential by decrease mating, fertility indices with increase pre-implantation and post-implantation losses, and resorptions in normal female rat cohabitation with DBP-treated <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. The testes, seminal vesicle tissue somatic indices, epididymal sperm count, motility, viability, and hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) sperm were significantly decreased with increased sperm morphological abnormalities in DBP-treated <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. The disorientation of spermatogenic cells decreased the diameter and epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubule in the testicular histopathology of DBP-exposed rats. Significant reduction of testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme levels and serum testosterone with increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were observed in DBP-treated groups. Higher testicular oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation product) with lower antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in DBP-exposed groups was observed. From these results, it can be concluded that DBP increases oxidative stress; it leads to impairment of spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and fertility in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Geomo.223...61E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Geomo.223...61E"><span>Surface destabilisation by the invasive burrowing engineer Mus musculus on a <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> island</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Eriksson, Bert; Eldridge, David J.</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Invasive species are known to have substantial trophic effects on ecosystems and ecosystem processes. The invasion of the house mouse (Mus musculus) onto <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> islands has had a devastating effect on plants, invertebrates, and birds with substantial changes in ecosystem functions. Less well understood, however, are the nontrophic, geomorphic effects of mice resulting from their burrowing activities. We examined the extent of burrow construction by M. musculus across an area of about 20 ha on Marion Island and the effects of burrows on water flow and sediment movement. We recorded a density of 0.59 ± 0.48 (mean ± SD) burrows m- 2, with more burrows at lower altitudes and shallower slopes, and twice the density in the solifluction risers (0.86 ± 0.54 m- 2) than the intervening terraces or treads (0.40 ± 0.51 m- 2). Most burrows were dug horizontally into the slope and tended to extend about 20 cm deep before turning. A very conservative estimate of sediment removed from burrows from this depth is 2.4 t ha- 1. However, taking into account more detailed data on burrow morphology based on excavations, actual amounts may be closer to 8.4 t ha- 1. Average soil displacement rate for a single burrow, measured over 5 days, was 0.18 kg burrow- 1 day- 1. Burrows acted as conduits for water and warmer air. Stones at burrow entrances were moved eight times farther by water (10.4 cm) than those not associated with burrows. Similarly, temperatures adjacent to burrow entrances were 4.1 °C higher than sites 10 cm away. Together our data indicate that mice are having substantial deleterious and geomorphic effects on <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> ecosystems through their burrowing. With lower rates of mouse mortality resulting from warmer climates predicted under global climate models, we can expect an increase in damage resulting from mouse activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11058438','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11058438"><span>Cloning of calves from various somatic cell types of <span class="hlt">male</span> and female <span class="hlt">adult</span>, newborn and fetal cows.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kato, Y; Tani, T; Tsunoda, Y</p> <p>2000-11-01</p> <p>Twenty-four calves were cloned from six somatic cell types of female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span>, newborn and fetal cows. The clones were derived from female cumulus (n = 3), oviduct (n = 2) and uterine (n = 2) cells, female and <span class="hlt">male</span> skin cells (n = 10), and <span class="hlt">male</span> ear (n = 5) and liver (n = 2) cells. On the basis of the number of cloned embryos transferred (n = 172) to surrogate cows, the overall rate of success was 14%, but based on the number of surrogate mothers that became pregnant (n = 50), the success rate was 48%. Cell nuclei from uterus, ear and liver cells, which have not been tested previously, developed into newborn calves after nuclear transfer into enucleated oocytes. To date, seven female and six <span class="hlt">male</span> calves have survived: six of the females were from <span class="hlt">adult</span> cells (cumulus (n = 3), oviduct (n = 2) and skin (n = 1) cells) and one was from newborn skin cells, whereas the <span class="hlt">male</span> calves were derived from <span class="hlt">adult</span> ear cells (n = 3), newborn liver and skin cells (n = 2), and fetal cells (n = 1). Clones derived from <span class="hlt">adult</span> cells frequently aborted in the later stages of pregnancy and calves developing to term showed a higher number of abnormalities than did those derived from newborn or fetal cells. The telomeric DNA lengths in the ear cells of three <span class="hlt">male</span> calves cloned from the ear cells of a bull aged 10 years were similar to those of the original bull. However, the telomeric DNA lengths from the white blood cells of the clones, although similar to those in an age-matched control, were shorter than those of the original bull, which indicates that telomeric shortening varies among tissues.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17634757','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17634757"><span>IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patients stratified by referral source.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blanchard, Ray; Kolla, Nathan J; Cantor, James M; Klassen, Philip E; Dickey, Robert; Kuban, Michael E; Blak, Thomas</p> <p>2007-09-01</p> <p>This study investigated whether the previously observed association of pedophilia with lower IQs is an artifact of heterogeneity in referral source. The subjects were 832 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patients referred to a specialty clinic for evaluation of their sexual behavior. The patients' erotic preferences for prepubescent, pubescent, or <span class="hlt">adult</span> partners were assessed with phallometric testing. Full scale IQ was estimated using six subtests from the WAIS-R. The results showed that the relations between pedophilia and lower IQ, lesser education, and increased rates of non-right-handedness were the same in homogeneous groups referred by lawyers or parole and probation officers as they were in a heterogeneous group referred by a miscellany of other sources. Those results, along with secondary analyses in the study, supported the conclusion that the relation between pedophilia and cognitive function is genuine and not artifactual. The findings were interpreted as evidence for the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental perturbations increase the risk of pedophilia in <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22831994','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22831994"><span>Seroepidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus among Israeli <span class="hlt">male</span> young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Levine, Hagai; Balicer, Ran D; Rozhavski, Vladi; Halperin, Tamar; Shreberk, Michal; Davidovitch, Nadav; Huerta-Hartal, Michael; Ankol, Omer E</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>To assess the seroprevalence and seroconversion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and identify associated socioeconomic and smoking variables among <span class="hlt">male</span> young <span class="hlt">adults</span> in Israel, to explore health disparities and aid prevention efforts. A population-based seroprevalence study of EBV and CMV IgG antibodies in a systematic sample of Israeli <span class="hlt">males</span> upon recruitment to mandatory military service during 1994-2004. Associations between socioeconomic and smoking variables and the seroprevalence of EBV/CMV were evaluated, controlling for possible confounders. A subset of seronegative subjects was assessed for seroconversion upon discharge from military service. Overall seroprevalence rates were 87% for EBV and 59% for CMV. An association between the seroprevalence of EBV and CMV was observed. Seroconversion was 56% for EBV as compared with 31% for CMV. Lower paternal education was found to be associated with both EBV and CMV seroprevalence. Lower socioeconomic status, North African origin, and urban residence were found to be associated with CMV seropositivity, as was smoking for EBV seropositivity. Socioeconomic disparities exist in the seroprevalence rates of CMV and EBV among Israeli <span class="hlt">male</span> young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. The results of the study could aid public health efforts and determine target populations when a vaccine becomes available. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5533579','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5533579"><span>Handling alters cocaine-induced activity in adolescent but not <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Maldonado, Antoniette M.; Kirstein, Cheryl L.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The developmental period of adolescence is one that is characterized by increased levels of stress and vulnerability to drugs. Pre-test handling is an experimental manipulation that is used to acclimate animals prior to behavioral testing and exposure to a novel environment. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to address the issue of pre-test handling of adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats on subsequent cocaine-induced locomotor activity upon presentation to a novel environment. On days one through four, postnatal day (PND) 41–44 or PND 56–59, respectively, animals were handled b.i.d. for three minutes. On the fifth day, PND 45 or PND 60, animals were administered 30 mg/kg/ip cocaine or saline and immediately placed in a novel environment where locomotor activity was measured for 30 minutes. Cocaine increased locomotor activity similarly in all non-handled animals, regardless of age. Interestingly, adolescent animals expressed a differential effect when handled prior to an acute cocaine administration. Specifically, handling increased cocaine-induced locomotor activity in adolescent but not <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals. These findings indicate that adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> that have been acclimated to the handling procedure experience significantly more behavioral reactivity than do <span class="hlt">adults</span> to a high dose of cocaine upon exposure to a novel environment. PMID:15708784</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=exercise+AND+inpatient&id=EJ438972','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=exercise+AND+inpatient&id=EJ438972"><span>Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Satisfaction with Drug & Alcohol Rehabilitation Facilities: Interior Design Implications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Potthoff, Joy K.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Examined young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patient (n=18) satisfaction with interior environments of three different in-patient drug and alcohol rehabilitation facilities: renovated Elk's Club; hospital wing; and facility built for drug and alcohol treatment. Findings indicated satisfaction declined over four-week treatment period; familiar objects were missed;…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=HIV&pg=7&id=EJ969438','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=HIV&pg=7&id=EJ969438"><span>Future Life Goals of HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual <span class="hlt">Male</span> Emerging <span class="hlt">Adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bruce, Douglas; Harper, Gary W.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This qualitative study explores the future life goals reported by a sample of HIV-positive gay/bisexual <span class="hlt">male</span> emerging <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 participants ages 17-24 at four geographically and demographically diverse adolescent HIV medicine programs to explore the content of participants' goals, perceived…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341819','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341819"><span>Phthalates in Commercial Chinese Rice Wines: Concentrations and the Cumulative Risk Assessment to <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> in Shanghai.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Yue; Lu, Wen Wei; Chen, Bo; You, Jie; Wu, Min; Li, Shu Guang</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>The concentrations of 16 phthalates in 164 commercial Chinese rice wines (CRW) were detected by GC-MS, and consumption data on CRW in different packaging types was investigated from 634 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Shanghai using a food frequency questionnaire. Based on the principles of probabilistic modelling and cumulative risk assessment, the exposure and health risk of phthalates from CRW to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Shanghai was evaluated. DMP, DEP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP were detected in the samples, the range of detection frequency of individual phthalates varied from 6.10% for BBP to 15.24% for DIBP, and the detected concentrations were 51.06-200.34 ng/mL. All the respondents consumed CRW, 90.69% of them consumed CRW 0.01-49.9 mL/d, the minimum value of the average daily intake of CRW was 6.25 mL/d, the median was 13.72 mL/d and the maximum was 300 mL/d. The median exposure level of the 6 detected Phthalates to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Shanghai were 6.58-7.10 ng/(d•kg), and the maximum exposure level were 137.38-540.47 ng/(d•kg). The cumulative exposure health risk index (HI) based on the median and maximum exposure level of the 6 Phthalates (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP) were 0.001147 and 0.063396, both were far less than 1. In conclusion, CRW were generally consumed by the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Shanghai, although multiple phthalates were detected in commercial CRW, health risk of such exposure levels from commercial CRW to the target <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Shanghai was very low. Copyright © 2014 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315022','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315022"><span>Hybrid computational phantoms representing the reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and <span class="hlt">adult</span> female: construction and applications for retrospective dosimetry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hurtado, Jorge L; Lee, Choonsik; Lodwick, Daniel; Goede, Timothy; Williams, Jonathan L; Bolch, Wesley E</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>Currently, two classes of computational phantoms have been developed for dosimetry calculation: (1) stylized (or mathematical) and (2) voxel (or tomographic) phantoms describing human anatomy through mathematical surface equations and 3D voxel matrices, respectively. Mathematical surface equations in stylized phantoms are flexible, but the resulting anatomy is not as realistic. Voxel phantoms display far better anatomical realism, but they are limited in terms of their ability to alter organ shape, position, and depth, as well as body posture. A new class of computational phantoms called hybrid phantoms takes advantage of the best features of stylized and voxel phantoms-flexibility and anatomical realism, respectively. In the current study, hybrid computational phantoms representing the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female reference anatomy and anthropometry are presented. These phantoms serve as the starting framework for creating patient or worker sculpted whole-body phantoms for retrospective dose reconstruction. Contours of major organs and tissues were converted or segmented from computed tomography images of a 36-y-old Korean volunteer and a 25-y-old U.S. female patient, respectively, with supplemental high-resolution CT images of the cranium. Polygon mesh models for the major organs and tissues were reconstructed and imported into Rhinoceros™ for non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface modeling. The resulting NURBS/polygon mesh models representing body contour and internal anatomy were matched to anthropometric data and reference organ mass data provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Commission on Radiation Protection, respectively. Finally, two hybrid <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female phantoms were completed where a total of eight anthropometric data categories were matched to standard values within 4% and organ volumes matched to ICRP data within 1% with the exception of total skin. The hybrid phantoms were voxelized from the NURBS phantoms</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4344716','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4344716"><span>Smoking-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, Smoking Cessation Idea and Education Level among Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Smokers in Chongqing, China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xu, Xianglong; Liu, Lingli; Sharma, Manoj; Zhao, Yong</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Introduction: In 2012 in China, 52.9% of men were reported to smoke while only 2.4% of women smoked. This study explored the smoking-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four municipal areas of Chongqing using a questionnaire administered to 536 natives young <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers aged 18–45 years old. Results: The total score of smoking cognition, the total score of smoking attitude and the total score of positive behavior to quit smoking was significantly different among the three groups by education. Besides, 30.97% of <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers never seriously thought about quitting smoking. Logistic regression analysis found smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and sociodemographic factors affect having smoking cessation idea. But no statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking in a sample of higher education. No statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.03012, p = 0.6811), and also no statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.08869, p = 0.2364) in the sample of higher education young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> Conclusions: Young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with higher education have a better knowledge of smoking hazards and a more positive attitude toward smoking, however, this knowledge and attitude do not necessarily translate into health behavioral outcomes such as not smoking. Overall the present findings indicate that no statistically significant correlation between the education level and quitting smoking idea exists among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers in China. This survey gives a snapshot of the impact of education on smoking-related KAP among young <span class="hlt">adults</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers. PMID:25689992</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25689992','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25689992"><span>Smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, smoking cessation idea and education level among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers in Chongqing, China.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Xianglong; Liu, Lingli; Sharma, Manoj; Zhao, Yong</p> <p>2015-02-16</p> <p>In 2012 in China, 52.9% of men were reported to smoke while only 2.4% of women smoked. This study explored the smoking-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four municipal areas of Chongqing using a questionnaire administered to 536 natives young <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers aged 18-45 years old. The total score of smoking cognition, the total score of smoking attitude and the total score of positive behavior to quit smoking was significantly different among the three groups by education. Besides, 30.97% of <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers never seriously thought about quitting smoking. Logistic regression analysis found smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and sociodemographic factors affect having smoking cessation idea. But no statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking in a sample of higher education. No statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.03012, p = 0.6811), and also no statistically significant correlation was observed between smoking cognition and positive behavior to quit smoking (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.08869, p = 0.2364) in the sample of higher education young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> Young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with higher education have a better knowledge of smoking hazards and a more positive attitude toward smoking, however, this knowledge and attitude do not necessarily translate into health behavioral outcomes such as not smoking. Overall the present findings indicate that no statistically significant correlation between the education level and quitting smoking idea exists among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers in China. This survey gives a snapshot of the impact of education on smoking-related KAP among young <span class="hlt">adults</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329520','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329520"><span>Larger corpus callosum and reduced orbitofrontal cortex homotopic connectivity in codeine cough syrup-dependent <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Qiu, Ying-Wei; Lv, Xiao-Fei; Jiang, Gui-Hua; Su, Huan-Huan; Ma, Xiao-Fen; Tian, Jun-Zhang; Zhuo, Fu-Zhen</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>To characterize interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity and their relationships with impulsive behaviour in codeine-containing cough syrup (CCS)-dependent <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. We compared volumes of corpus callosum (CC) and its five subregion and voxel-mirrored homotopic functional connectivity (VMHC) in 33 CCS-dependent <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> and 38 healthy controls, group-matched for age, education and smoking status. Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS.11) was used to assess participant impulsive behaviour. Abnormal CC subregions and VMHC revealed by group comparison were extracted and correlated with impulsive behaviour and duration of CCS use. We found selective increased mid-posterior CC volume in CCS-dependent <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> and detected decreased homotopic interhemispheric functional connectivity of medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Moreover, impairment of VMHC was associated with the impulsive behaviour and correlated with the duration of CCS abuse in CCS-dependent <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. These findings reveal CC abnormalities and disruption of interhemispheric homotopic connectivity in CCS-dependent <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span>, which provide a novel insight into the impact of interhemispheric disconnectivity on impulsive behaviour in substance addiction pathophysiology. • CCS-dependent individuals (patients) had selective increased volumes of mid-posterior corpus callosum • Patients had attenuated interhemispheric homotopic FC (VMHC) of bilateral orbitofrontal cortex • Impairment of VMHC correlated with impulsive behaviour in patients • Impairment of VMHC correlated with the CCS duration in patients.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3438236','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3438236"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> Reproductive Health After Childhood, Adolescent, and Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Cancers: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kenney, Lisa B.; Cohen, Laurie E.; Shnorhavorian, Margarett; Metzger, Monika L.; Lockart, Barbara; Hijiya, Nobuko; Duffey-Lind, Eileen; Constine, Louis; Green, Daniel; Meacham, Lillian</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The majority of children, adolescents, and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> diagnosed with cancer will become long-term survivors. Although cancer therapy is associated with many adverse effects, one of the primary concerns of young <span class="hlt">male</span> cancer survivors is reproductive health. Future fertility is often the focus of concern; however, it must be recognized that all aspects of <span class="hlt">male</span> health, including pubertal development, testosterone production, and sexual function, can be impaired by cancer therapy. Although pretreatment strategies to preserve reproductive health have been beneficial to some <span class="hlt">male</span> patients, many survivors remain at risk for long-term reproductive complications. Understanding risk factors and monitoring the reproductive health of young <span class="hlt">male</span> survivors are important aspects of follow-up care. The Children's Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines for Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Cancer (COG-LTFU Guidelines) were created by the COG to provide recommendations for follow-up care of survivors at risk for long-term complications. The <span class="hlt">male</span> health task force of the COG-LTFU Guidelines, composed of pediatric oncologists, endocrinologists, nurse practitioners, a urologist, and a radiation oncologist, is responsible for updating the COG-LTFU Guidelines every 2 years based on literature review and expert consensus. This review summarizes current task force recommendations for the assessment and management of <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive complications after treatment for childhood, adolescent, and young <span class="hlt">adult</span> cancers. Issues related to <span class="hlt">male</span> health that are being investigated, but currently not included in the COG-LTFU Guidelines, are also discussed. Ongoing investigation will inform future COG-LTFU Guideline recommendations for follow-up care to improve health and quality of life for <span class="hlt">male</span> survivors. PMID:22649147</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP42B..02R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP42B..02R"><span>Development of a Regional Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether (GDGT) - Temperature Calibration for Antarctic and <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Lakes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roberts, S. J.; Foster, L. C.; Pearson, E. J.; Steve, J.; Hodgson, D.; Saunders, K. M.; Verleyen, E.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Temperature calibration models based on the relative abundances of sedimentary glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) have been used to reconstruct past temperatures in both marine and terrestrial environments, but have not been widely applied in high latitude environments. This is mainly because the performance of GDGT-temperature calibrations at lower temperatures and GDGT provenance in many lacustrine settings remains uncertain. To address these issues, we examined surface sediments from 32 Antarctic, <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> and Southern Chilean lakes. First, we quantified GDGT compositions present and then investigated modern-day environmental controls on GDGT composition. GDGTs were found in all 32 lakes studied. Branched GDGTs (brGDGTs) were dominant in 31 lakes and statistical analyses showed that their composition was strongly correlated with mean summer air temperature (MSAT) rather than pH, conductivity or water depth. Second, we developed the first regional brGDGT-temperature calibration for Antarctic and <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> lakes based on four brGDGT compounds (GDGT-Ib, GDGT-II, GDGT-III and GDGT-IIIb). Of these, GDGT-IIIb proved particularly important in cold lacustrine environments. Our brGDGT-Antarctic temperature calibration dataset has an improved statistical performance at low temperatures compared to previous global calibrations (r2=0.83, RMSE=1.45°C, RMSEP-LOO=1.68°C, n=36 samples), highlighting the importance of basing palaeotemperature reconstructions on regional GDGT-temperature calibrations, especially if specific compounds lead to improved model performance. Finally, we applied the new Antarctic brGDGT-temperature calibration to two key lake records from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia. In both, downcore temperature reconstructions show similarities to known Holocene warm periods, providing proof of concept for the new Antarctic calibration model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4798921','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4798921"><span>Syndemics and gender affirmation: HIV sexual risk in female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> trans masculine <span class="hlt">adults</span> reporting sexual contact with cisgender <span class="hlt">males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Reisner, Sari L; Hughto, Jaclyn M White; Pardee, Dana; Sevelius, Jae</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> trans masculine <span class="hlt">adults</span> who have sex with cisgender (non-transgender) <span class="hlt">males</span> (TMSM) represent an understudied population in relation to HIV/STI risk. This study examined the role of syndemic conditions and social gender affirmation processes (living full-time in one’s identified gender) in potentiating sexual risk among TMSM <span class="hlt">adults</span> in Massachusetts. Cross-sectional data were restricted to TMSM who reported lifetime sexual behaviour with a cisgender <span class="hlt">male</span> (n = 173; mean age = 29.4, SD = 9.6; 18.5% people of colour; 93.1% non-heterosexual identity; 56.1% hormones/surgery). Sexual risk outcomes were: lifetime STI diagnoses, three or more past-6-month sexual partners, and condomless anal/vaginal sex at last encounter with a cisgender <span class="hlt">male</span>. Age- and survey mode-adjusted logistic regression models regressed sexual risk outcomes on the main effect of syndemics (six indicators summed: binge drinking, substance use, depression, anxiety, childhood abuse, intimate partner violence), followed by the interaction of syndemics and social gender affirmation. Syndemics were associated with increased odds of all sexual risk indicators (adjusted odds ratios (aORs) = 1.32–1.55; p < 0.0001). Social gender affirmation moderated the association between syndemics and condomless anal/vaginal sex at last encounter with a cisgender <span class="hlt">male</span> (p < 0.0001). Syndemics were associated with sexual risk in TMSM who had socially affirmed their gender (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.42–2.25; p < 0.001), but not among those TMSM who had not (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.63–1.19; p = 0.37). Findings suggest that syndemic pathways to sexual risk are similar for TMSM who have socially gender affirmed as for cisgender MSM. Integration of syndemics and gender affirmation frameworks is recommended in interventions to address TMSM sexual risk. PMID:26384946</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26391064','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26391064"><span>Maternal postpartum corticosterone and fluoxetine differentially affect <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female offspring on anxiety-like behavior, stress reactivity, and hippocampal neurogenesis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gobinath, Aarthi R; Workman, Joanna L; Chow, Carmen; Lieblich, Stephanie E; Galea, Liisa A M</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 15% of mothers, disrupts maternal care, and can represent a form of early life adversity for the developing offspring. Intriguingly, <span class="hlt">male</span> and female offspring are differentially vulnerable to the effects of PPD. Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, are commonly prescribed for treating PPD. However, fluoxetine can reach offspring via breast milk, raising serious concerns regarding the long-term consequences of infant exposure to fluoxetine. The goal of this study was to examine the long-term effects of maternal postpartum corticosterone (CORT, a model of postpartum stress/depression) and concurrent maternal postpartum fluoxetine on behavioral, endocrine, and neural measures in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley dams were treated daily with either CORT or oil and fluoxetine or saline from postnatal days 2-23, and offspring were weaned and left undisturbed until adulthood. Here we show that maternal postpartum fluoxetine increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis negative feedback in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>, but not female, offspring. Furthermore, maternal postpartum fluoxetine increased the density of immature neurons (doublecortin-expressing) in the hippocampus of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring but decreased the density of immature neurons in <span class="hlt">adult</span> female offspring. Maternal postpartum CORT blunted HPA axis negative feedback in <span class="hlt">males</span> and tended to increase density of immature neurons in <span class="hlt">males</span> but decreased it in females. These results indicate that maternal postpartum CORT and fluoxetine can have long-lasting effects on anxiety-like behavior, HPA axis negative feedback, and <span class="hlt">adult</span> hippocampal neurogenesis and that <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female offspring are differentially affected by these maternal manipulations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=riser&pg=2&id=EJ1012165','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=riser&pg=2&id=EJ1012165"><span>Adolescent and Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Sex Offenders: Understanding the Role of Recidivism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Riser, Diana K.; Pegram, Sheri E.; Farley, Julee P.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The current review explores the complex paths that can lead to adolescent and young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> becoming sexually abusive. Because sexual abuse is an ongoing issue in our society that is often oversimplified, this article distinguishes between the various risk factors that predict sexually abusive behavior and types of sex offenders, particularly…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27127750','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27127750"><span>Comparison of esthetics perception and satisfaction of facial profile among <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span> with different profiles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Eslami, Neda; Omidkhoda, Maryam; Shafaee, Hooman; Mozhdehifard, Mostafa</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>To evaluate esthetics perception and satisfaction of the facial profile among Iranian <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span>. In this cross-sectional study, <span class="hlt">male</span> subjects referred to Orthodontic Department of Mashhad Dental School were enrolled (n = 84) and were divided into two groups: Adolescents (n = 39), and <span class="hlt">adults</span> (n = 45). They were also assigned to straight, convex, or concave profile groups based on the facial profile angle (G-Sn-Pog'). An ideal silhouette of the lower facial profile was designed in Adobe® Photoshop® CS2 software (Kansas, USA). Then, eight other silhouettes representing different relations of the maxilla and mandible were constructed. Patients were asked to use numbers 1-10 to rank the facial profiles in the order of the attractiveness, and choose a silhouette that best closely resembled their own profile. Moreover, using a questionnaire patients were asked to rank their satisfaction with their profile, and asked to assign a number (1-5) to each question as follows; one represented the least satisfaction, while five reflected the highest satisfaction. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> and adolescent subjects with straight (<span class="hlt">adults</span>: 12.0 ± 1.9, adolescents: 12.8 ± 1.05) and concave (<span class="hlt">adults</span>: 10.0 ± 2.14, adolescents: 10.0 ± 2.08) profile showed the highest and the least satisfaction with their own profile, respectively. Both <span class="hlt">adult</span> and adolescent group selected "retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible" as the least attractive profile. Overall, "straight" and "bimaxillary dentoalveolar retrusion" were chosen as the most attractive silhouettes in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adults</span>, respectively. In comparison to a professional opinion (clinician ranking), 42.9% of adolescents and 22% of <span class="hlt">adults</span> were able to correctly diagnose their own profiles type. Most of the <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and especially <span class="hlt">adults</span> diagnosis of their own profile differed with a professional assessment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4830137','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4830137"><span>Comparison of esthetics perception and satisfaction of facial profile among <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span> with different profiles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Eslami, Neda; Omidkhoda, Maryam; Shafaee, Hooman; Mozhdehifard, Mostafa</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Objective: To evaluate esthetics perception and satisfaction of the facial profile among Iranian <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, <span class="hlt">male</span> subjects referred to Orthodontic Department of Mashhad Dental School were enrolled (n = 84) and were divided into two groups: Adolescents (n = 39), and <span class="hlt">adults</span> (n = 45). They were also assigned to straight, convex, or concave profile groups based on the facial profile angle (G-Sn-Pog’). An ideal silhouette of the lower facial profile was designed in Adobe® Photoshop® CS2 software (Kansas, USA). Then, eight other silhouettes representing different relations of the maxilla and mandible were constructed. Patients were asked to use numbers 1–10 to rank the facial profiles in the order of the attractiveness, and choose a silhouette that best closely resembled their own profile. Moreover, using a questionnaire patients were asked to rank their satisfaction with their profile, and asked to assign a number (1–5) to each question as follows; one represented the least satisfaction, while five reflected the highest satisfaction. Results: <span class="hlt">Adult</span> and adolescent subjects with straight (<span class="hlt">adults</span>: 12.0 ± 1.9, adolescents: 12.8 ± 1.05) and concave (<span class="hlt">adults</span>: 10.0 ± 2.14, adolescents: 10.0 ± 2.08) profile showed the highest and the least satisfaction with their own profile, respectively. Both <span class="hlt">adult</span> and adolescent group selected “retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible” as the least attractive profile. Overall, “straight” and “bimaxillary dentoalveolar retrusion” were chosen as the most attractive silhouettes in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adults</span>, respectively. In comparison to a professional opinion (clinician ranking), 42.9% of adolescents and 22% of <span class="hlt">adults</span> were able to correctly diagnose their own profiles type. Conclusion: Most of the <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and especially <span class="hlt">adults</span> diagnosis of their own profile differed with a professional assessment. PMID:27127750</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29621754','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29621754"><span><span class="hlt">Male-Male</span> Mounting Behaviour in Free-Ranging Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fang, Gu; Dixson, Alan F; Qi, Xiao-Guang; Li, Bao-Guo</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>An all-<span class="hlt">male</span> band of golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) was observed for 3 months in the Qinling Mountains of China, in order to collect data on the frequencies and contextual significance of <span class="hlt">male-male</span> mounting behaviour. Mounts occurred in a variety of affiliative, dominance-related and sexual contexts, which differed depending upon the ages of the <span class="hlt">males</span> involved. Mounting behaviour in this group was mainly initiated by <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Juveniles mounted each other in affiliative contexts (during play and prior to grooming). <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> mounted subadult and juvenile partners in a greater variety of sociosexual contexts (dominance/rank-related interactions; reconciliation following agonistic encounters, and sometimes as a prelude to receiving grooming). However, subadults and juveniles were never observed to mount <span class="hlt">adults</span>. In one dyad, involving an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and a subadult partner, mounting was more frequent and prolonged, and included bouts of deep pelvic thrusting. Two mounts resulted in anal intromissions and, in 1 case, the subadult partner exhibited seminal emission. Given that the study took place during the annual mating peak period of R. roxellana, it is possible that this unusual <span class="hlt">male-male</span> sexual activity was related to the absence of mating opportunities for those <span class="hlt">adults</span> that were excluded from 1-<span class="hlt">male</span> units. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=61629&keyword=anticholinesterase+AND+activity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=61629&keyword=anticholinesterase+AND+activity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>PATTERN OF CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION IN <span class="hlt">ADULT</span>, <span class="hlt">MALE</span> RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO DIETARY CHLORPYRIFOS.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Very little is known about the effects of chronic exposure to relatively low levels of anticholinesterase insecticides or how the effects of chronic exposure compare to higher, intermittent exposure of the same compound for the same duration. To that end, we exposed <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> ra...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28090638','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28090638"><span>Late gestational intermittent hypoxia induces metabolic and epigenetic changes in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khalyfa, Abdelnaby; Cortese, Rene; Qiao, Zhuanhong; Ye, Honggang; Bao, Riyue; Andrade, Jorge; Gozal, David</p> <p>2017-04-15</p> <p>Late gestation during pregnancy has been associated with a relatively high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark of OSA, could impose significant long-term effects on somatic growth, energy homeostasis and metabolic function in offspring. Here we show that late gestation intermittent hypoxia induces metabolic dysfunction as reflected by increased body weight and adiposity index in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring that is paralleled by epigenomic alterations and inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue. Fetal perturbations by OSA during pregnancy impose long-term detrimental effects manifesting as metabolic dysfunction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. Pregnancy, particularly late gestation (LG), has been associated with a relatively high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of OSA, could impose significant long-term effects on somatic growth, energy homeostasis, and metabolic function in offspring. We hypothesized that IH during late pregnancy (LG-IH) may increase the propensity for metabolic dysregulation and obesity in <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring via epigenetic modifications. Time-pregnant female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LG-IH or room air (LG-RA) during days 13-18 of gestation. At 24 weeks, blood samples were collected from offspring mice for lipid profiles and insulin resistance, indirect calorimetry was performed and visceral white adipose tissues (VWAT) were assessed for inflammatory cells as well as for differentially methylated gene regions (DMRs) using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation on chip (MeDIP-chip). Body weight, food intake, adiposity index, fasting insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels were all significantly higher in LG-IH <span class="hlt">male</span> but not female offspring. LG-IH also altered metabolic expenditure and locomotor activities in <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring, and increased number of pro-inflammatory macrophages emerged in VWAT along with 1520 DMRs (P < 0.0001), associated with 693</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26267259','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26267259"><span>The skin of Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) as a biomonitor of mercury and selenium in <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> waters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cáceres-Saez, Iris; Goodall, R Natalie P; Dellabianca, Natalia A; Cappozzo, H Luis; Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>The skin of bycaught Commerson's dolphins was tested for mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) biomonitoring in <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> environments. The correlation of levels detected in the skin with those found in internal tissues - lung, liver, kidney and muscle - was assessed to evaluate how skin represents internal Hg and Se distribution for monitoring purposes. Mercury in skin had a concentration range of 0.68-3.11 μg g(-1) dry weight (DW), while Se had a higher concentration range of 74.3-124.5 μg g(-1) DW. There was no significant correlation between selenium levels in any of the analyzed tissues. Thus, the skin selenium concentration did not reflect the tissular Se levels and did not provide information for biomonitoring. The lack of correlation is explained by the biological role of Se, provided that each tissue regulates Se levels according to physiological needs. However, the skin Hg level had significant positive correlation with the levels in internal tissues (ANOVA p<0.05), particularly with that of muscle (R(2)=0.79; ANOVA p=0.0008). Thus, this correlation permits the estimation of Hg content in muscle based on the multiplication of skin biopsy levels by a factor of 1.85. Mercury bioindication using skin biopsies is a non-lethal approach that allows screening of a large number of specimens with little disturbance and makes possible an adequate sampling strategy that produces statistically valid results in populations and study areas. The correlation between Hg levels in the skin and internal tissues supports the use of the epidermis of Commerson's dolphins for Hg biomonitoring in the waters of the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span>, which is a poorly studied region regarding Hg levels, sources and processes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4585508','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4585508"><span>Neuroanatomy of Individual Differences in Language in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> with Autism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lai, Meng-Chuan; Lombardo, Michael V.; Ecker, Christine; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Suckling, John; Bullmore, Edward T.; Happé, Francesca; Murphy, Declan G. M.; Baron-Cohen, Simon</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>One potential source of heterogeneity within autism spectrum conditions (ASC) is language development and ability. In 80 high-functioning <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> with ASC, we tested if variations in developmental and current structural language are associated with current neuroanatomy. Groups with and without language delay differed behaviorally in early social reciprocity, current language, but not current autistic features. Language delay was associated with larger total gray matter (GM) volume, smaller relative volume at bilateral insula, ventral basal ganglia, and right superior, middle, and polar temporal structures, and larger relative volume at pons and medulla oblongata in adulthood. Despite this heterogeneity, those with and without language delay showed significant commonality in morphometric features when contrasted with matched neurotypical individuals (n = 57). In ASC, better current language was associated with increased GM volume in bilateral temporal pole, superior temporal regions, dorsolateral fronto-parietal and cerebellar structures, and increased white matter volume in distributed frontal and insular regions. Furthermore, current language–neuroanatomy correlation patterns were similar across subgroups with or without language delay. High-functioning <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with ASC show neuroanatomical variations associated with both developmental and current language characteristics. This underscores the importance of including both developmental and current language as specifiers for ASC, to help clarify heterogeneity. PMID:25249409</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23350537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23350537"><span>Adolescent and young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sex offenders: understanding the role of recidivism.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Riser, Diana K; Pegram, Sheri E; Farley, Julee P</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The current review explores the complex paths that can lead to adolescent and young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> becoming sexually abusive. Because sexual abuse is an ongoing issue in our society that is often oversimplified, this article distinguishes between the various risk factors that predict sexually abusive behavior and types of sex offenders, particularly recidivistic offenders. It is imperative to focus on adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> who sexually abuse because they represent a particularly important intervention point in preventing sexual abuse in comparison to older age groups and address the importance of differentiating among youths who sexually abuse, particularly between one-time offenders and recidivistic offenders. Implications for addressing these differences are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3237790','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3237790"><span>Effects of In Utero Exposure to Bisphenol A or Diethylstilbestrol on the <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Reproductive System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>LaRocca, Jessica; Boyajian, Alanna; Brown, Caitlin; Smith, Stuart Duncan; Hixon, Mary</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to determine if in utero exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) induced reproductive tract abnormalities in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> testis. Using the C57/Bl6 mouse, we examined sex-organ weights, anogenital distance (AGD), and testis histopathology in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> exposed in utero via oral gavage to sesame oil, 50 μg/kg BPA, 1,000 μg/kg BPA, or 2 μg/kg diethylstilbestrol (DES) as a positive control from gestational days 10–16. No changes in sperm production or germ cell apoptosis were observed in <span class="hlt">adult</span> testes following exposure to either chemical. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> mRNA levels of genes associated with sexual maturation and differentiation, GATA4 and ID2, were significantly lower only in DES-exposed testes. In summary, the data indicate no gross alterations in spermatogenesis following in utero exposure to BPA or DES. At the molecular level, in utero exposure to DES, but not BPA, leads to decreased mRNA expression of genes associated with Sertoli cell differentiation. PMID:21922642</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420701','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420701"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> circumcision for HIV prevention--a cross-sectional study on awareness among young people and <span class="hlt">adults</span> in rural Uganda.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wilcken, Andrea; Miiro-Nakayima, Flavia; Hizaamu, Ramadhan N B; Keil, Thomas; Balaba-Byansi, Dorothy</p> <p>2010-04-26</p> <p>Medical <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision is now part of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention. It has been shown that awareness of the protective effect of <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision leads to high acceptability towards the introduction of medical <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision services within countries. The objective of this survey was to identify factors determining awareness of <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision for HIV prevention. We interviewed 452 participants (267 <span class="hlt">adults</span> >24 years of age; 185 youths 14-24 years) living in three rural Ugandan districts in 2008. Using a standardized questionnaire, we assessed socio-demographic parameters, awareness of MC for HIV prevention, general beliefs/attitudes regarding MC and MC status. Determinants for awareness of MC for HIV prevention were examined with multiple logistic regression models. Out of all <span class="hlt">adults</span>, 52.1% were <span class="hlt">male</span> (mean +/- SD age 39.8 +/- 11 years), of whom 39.1% reported to be circumcised. Out of all youths, 58.4% were <span class="hlt">male</span> (18.4 +/- 2.5), 35.0% circumcised.<span class="hlt">Adults</span> were more aware of MC for HIV prevention than youths (87.1% vs. 76.5%; p = 0.004). In <span class="hlt">adults</span>, awareness was increased with higher educational level compared to no school: primary school (adjusted OR 9.32; 95%CI 1.80-48.11), secondary (5.04; 1.01-25.25), tertiary (9.91; 0.76-129.18), university education (8.03; 0.59-109.95). Younger age and <span class="hlt">male</span> sex were further significant determinants of increased awareness, but not marital status, religion, district, ethnicity, employment status, and circumcision status. In youths, we found a borderline statistically significant decrease of awareness of MC for HIV prevention with higher educational level, but not with any other socio-demographic factors. Particularly Ugandans with low education, youths, and women, playing an important role in decision-making of MC for their partners and sons, should be increasingly targeted by information campaigns about positive health effects of MC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29523932','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29523932"><span>Acute exposure to diesel exhaust impairs <span class="hlt">adult</span> neurogenesis in mice: prominence in <span class="hlt">males</span> and protective effect of pioglitazone.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Coburn, Jacki L; Cole, Toby B; Dao, Khoi T; Costa, Lucio G</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adult</span> neurogenesis is the process by which neural stem cells give rise to new functional neurons in specific regions of the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain, a process that occurs throughout life. Significantly, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders present suppressed neurogenesis, activated microglia, and neuroinflammation. Traffic-related air pollution has been shown to adversely affect the central nervous system. As the cardinal effects of air pollution exposure are microglial activation, and ensuing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, we investigated whether acute exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) would inhibit <span class="hlt">adult</span> neurogenesis in mice. Mice were exposed for 6 h to DE at a PM 2.5 concentration of 250-300 μg/m 3 , followed by assessment of <span class="hlt">adult</span> neurogenesis in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), the subventricular zone (SVZ), and olfactory bulb (OB). DE impaired cellular proliferation in the SGZ and SVZ in <span class="hlt">males</span>, but not females. DE reduced <span class="hlt">adult</span> neurogenesis, with <span class="hlt">male</span> mice showing fewer new neurons in the SGZ, SVZ, and OB, and females showing fewer new neurons only in the OB. To assess whether blocking microglial activation protected against DE-induced suppression of <span class="hlt">adult</span> hippocampal neurogenesis, <span class="hlt">male</span> mice were pre-treated with pioglitazone (PGZ) prior to DE exposure. The effects of DE exposure on microglia, as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, were reduced by PGZ. PGZ also antagonized DE-induced suppression of neurogenesis in the SGZ. These results suggest that DE exposure impairs <span class="hlt">adult</span> neurogenesis in a sex-dependent manner, by a mechanism likely to involve microglia activation and neuroinflammation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27437925','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27437925"><span>The implication of salience network abnormalities in young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Yangding; Yuan, Kai; Guan, Yanyan; Cheng, Jiadong; Bi, Yanzhi; Shi, Sha; Xue, Ting; Lu, Xiaoqi; Qin, Wei; Yu, Dahua; Tian, Jie</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Studying the neural correlates of smoking behaviors in young adulthood is of great importance to improve treatment outcomes. In previous addiction studies, the important roles of the salience network (SN) in drug cue processing and cognitive control have been revealed. Unfortunately, few studies focused on the resting-state functional connectivity and structural integrity abnormalities of SN in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers, and less is known about its association with smoking behaviors and cognitive control deficits. Thirty-one young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers and 30 age-, education- and gender-matched nonsmokers participated in this study. The structural and functional connectivity differences of SN were investigated between young <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers and nonsmokers by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), which were then correlated with the smoking behavioral assessments (pack-years and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)) as well as impaired cognitive control measured by the Stroop task. Within SN, reduced RSFC and increased fractional anisotropy (FA) were found between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the right insula in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers relative to nonsmokers. The RSFC between the ACC and right insula was negatively correlated with the number of errors during the incongruent condition of the Stroop task in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers. Additionally, the right insula-ACC RSFC was negatively correlated with pack-years in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers. Our results revealed abnormal RSFC and structural integrity within the SN in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers, which shed new insights into the neural mechanism of nicotine dependence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086282','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086282"><span>ATP regulation of the ligand-binding properties in temperate and cold-adapted haemoglobins. X-ray structure and ligand-binding kinetics in the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> fish Eleginops maclovinus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Coppola, Daniela; Abbruzzetti, Stefania; Nicoletti, Francesco; Merlino, Antonello; Gambacurta, Alessandra; Giordano, Daniela; Howes, Barry D; De Sanctis, Giampiero; Vitagliano, Luigi; Bruno, Stefano; di Prisco, Guido; Mazzarella, Lelio; Smulevich, Giulietta; Coletta, Massimo; Viappiani, Cristiano; Vergara, Alessandro; Verde, Cinzia</p> <p>2012-10-30</p> <p>The major haemoglobin of the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> fish Eleginops maclovinus was structurally and functionally characterised with the aim to compare molecular environmental adaptations in the O(2)-transport system of <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> fishes of the suborder Notothenioidei with those of their high-latitude relatives. Ligand-binding kinetics of the major haemoglobin of E. maclovinus indicated strong stabilisation of the liganded quaternary T state, enhanced in the presence of the physiological allosteric effector ATP, compared to that of high-Antarctic Trematomus bernacchii. The activation enthalpy for O(2) dissociation was dramatically lower than that in T. bernacchii haemoglobin, suggesting remarkable differences in temperature sensitivity and structural changes associated with O(2) release and exit from the protein. The haemoglobin functional properties, together with the X-ray structure of the CO form at 1.49 Å resolution, the first of a temperate notothenioid, strongly support the hypothesis that in E. maclovinus, whose life-style varies according to changes in habitat, the mechanisms that regulate O(2) affinity and the ATP-induced Root effect differ from those of high-Antarctic Notothenioids.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26384946','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26384946"><span>Syndemics and gender affirmation: HIV sexual risk in female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> trans masculine <span class="hlt">adults</span> reporting sexual contact with cisgender <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reisner, Sari L; White Hughto, Jaclyn M; Pardee, Dana; Sevelius, Jae</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> trans masculine <span class="hlt">adults</span> who have sex with cisgender (non-transgender) <span class="hlt">males</span> (TMSM) represent an understudied population in relation to HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. This study examined the role of syndemic conditions and social gender affirmation processes (living full-time in one's identified gender) in potentiating sexual risk among TMSM <span class="hlt">adults</span> in Massachusetts, US. Cross-sectional data were restricted to TMSM who reported lifetime sexual behaviour with a cisgender <span class="hlt">male</span> (n = 173; mean age = 29.4, SD = 9.6; 18.5% people of colour; 93.1% non-heterosexual identity; 56.1% hormones/surgery). Sexual risk outcomes were: lifetime STI diagnoses, three or more sexual partners in the previous six months, and condomless anal/vaginal sex at last encounter with a cisgender <span class="hlt">male</span>. Age- and survey mode-adjusted logistic regression models regressed sexual risk outcomes on the main effect of syndemics (six indicators summed: binge drinking, substance use, depression, anxiety, childhood abuse, intimate partner violence), followed by the interaction of syndemics and social gender affirmation. Syndemics were associated with increased odds of all sexual risk indicators (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] = 1.32-1.55; p < 0.0001). Social gender affirmation moderated the association between syndemics and condomless anal/vaginal sex at last encounter with a cisgender <span class="hlt">male</span> (p < 0.0001). Syndemics were associated with sexual risk in TMSM who had socially affirmed their gender (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.42-2.25; p < 0.001), but not among those TMSM who had not (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.63-1.19; p = 0.37). Findings suggest that syndemic pathways to sexual risk are similar for TMSM who have socially gender affirmed as for cisgender MSM. Integration of syndemics and gender affirmation frameworks is recommended in interventions to address TMSM sexual risk. © The Author(s) 2016.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553785','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553785"><span>Intrauterine proximity to <span class="hlt">male</span> fetuses affects the morphology of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> rat brain.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pei, Minjuan; Matsuda, Ken-Ichi; Sakamoto, Hirotaka; Kawata, Mitsuhiro</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p>Previous studies on polytocous rodents have revealed that the fetal intrauterine position influences its later anatomy, physiology, reproductive performance and behavior. To investigate whether the position of a fetus in the uterus modifies the development of the brain, we examined whether the structure of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of rat brains accorded to their intrauterine positions. Brain sections of <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats gestated between two <span class="hlt">male</span> fetuses (2M) and between two female fetuses (2F) in the uterus were analysed for their immunoreactivity to calbindin-D28k, which is a marker of the SDN-POA. The SDN-POA volume of the 2M <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> was greater than that of the 2F <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, whereas the SDN-POA volume of the 2M and 2F <span class="hlt">adult</span> females showed no significant difference. This result indicated that contiguous <span class="hlt">male</span> fetuses have a masculinizing effect on the SDN-POA volume of the <span class="hlt">male</span>. To further examine whether the increment of SDN-POA volume in adulthood was due to exposure to elevated steroid hormones during fetal life, concentrations of testosterone and 17beta-estradiol in the brain were measured with 2M and 2F fetuses during gestation, respectively. On gestation day 21, the concentrations of testosterone and 17beta-estradiol in the brain were significantly higher in the 2M <span class="hlt">male</span> rats as compared with the 2F <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. The results suggested that there was a relationship between the fetal intrauterine position, hormone transfer from adjacent fetuses and the SDN-POA volume in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rat brains.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24265451','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24265451"><span>Vulnerability of the neural circuitry underlying sexual behavior to chronic <span class="hlt">adult</span> exposure to oral bisphenol a in <span class="hlt">male</span> mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Picot, Marie; Naulé, Lydie; Marie-Luce, Clarisse; Martini, Mariangela; Raskin, Kalina; Grange-Messent, Valérie; Franceschini, Isabelle; Keller, Matthieu; Mhaouty-Kodja, Sakina</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>There are human reproduction concerns associated with extensive use of bisphenol A (BPA)-containing plastic and, in particular, the leaching of BPA into food and beverages. In this context, it remains unclear whether and how exposure to BPA interferes with the developmental organization and <span class="hlt">adult</span> activation of <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior by testosterone. We evaluated the developmental and <span class="hlt">adult</span> exposure to oral BPA at doses equivalent to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (5 mg/kg body weight per day) and tolerable daily intake (TDI) (50 μg/kg body weight per day) on mouse sexual behavior and the potential mechanisms underlying BPA effects. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> exposure to BPA reduced sexual motivation and performance at TDI dose only. Exposed <span class="hlt">males</span> took longer to initiate mating and reach ejaculation despite normal olfactory chemoinvestigation. This deficiency was not restored by sexual experience and was associated with unchanged circulating levels of testosterone. By contrast, developmental exposure to BPA at TDI or no-observed-adverse-effect-level dose did not reduce sexual behavior or alter the neuroanatomical organization of the preoptic area. Disrupting the neural androgen receptor resulted in behavioral and neuroanatomical effects similar to those induced by <span class="hlt">adult</span> exposure to TDI dose. Moreover, <span class="hlt">adult</span> exposure of mutant <span class="hlt">males</span> to BPA at TDI dose did not trigger additional alteration of sexual behavior, suggesting that BPA and neural androgen receptor mutation share a common mechanism of action. This shows, for the first time, that the neural circuitry underlying <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior is vulnerable to chronic <span class="hlt">adult</span> exposure to low dose of BPA and suggests that BPA could act in vivo as an antiandrogenic compound.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18569206','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18569206"><span>Transgender identity development as represented by a group of female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> transgendered <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morgan, Sarah W; Stevens, Patricia E</p> <p>2008-06-01</p> <p>This article represents work done in the discipline of nursing to raise awareness about the lives and experiences of transgendered persons, who receive little coverage in our nursing textbooks, professional journals, or student clinical experiences. The findings presented here are from a larger qualitative examination of the lives and experiences of a group of 11 transgendered <span class="hlt">adults</span> that examined four broad areas: transgender identity recognition, acknowledgement, and development; bodily experiences; relationships with others; and health care experiences. The focus of this article is the relevant findings related to four participants in the study who identified as female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> (FTM), meaning they were born female-bodied, but identify as <span class="hlt">male</span>. The highlight here is on the recognition, acknowledgement, and development of transgender identity. Our intention is to expose uninformed people to first-hand accounts by FTM transgendered persons about their life trajectories, particularly during childhood, adolescence, and the early <span class="hlt">adult</span> years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5850809','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5850809"><span>The Effect of Larval Diet on <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Survival, Swarming Activity and Copulation Success in <span class="hlt">Male</span> Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lang, Bethan J; Idugboe, Stefano; McManus, Kirelle; Drury, Florence; Qureshi, Alima</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Control of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations is vital for reducing the transmission of several pervasive human diseases. The success of new vector control technologies will be influenced by the fitness of laboratory-reared transgenic <span class="hlt">males</span>. However, there has been relatively little published data on how rearing practices influence <span class="hlt">male</span> fitness in Aedes mosquitoes. In the laboratory, the effect of larval food availability on <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> fitness was tested, using a range of different fitness measures. Larval food availability was demonstrated to be positively correlated with <span class="hlt">adult</span> body size. Larger <span class="hlt">males</span> survived longer and exhibited greater swarming activity. As a consequence, larger <span class="hlt">males</span> may have more mating opportunities in the wild. However, we also found that within a swarm larger <span class="hlt">males</span> did not have an increased likelihood of copulating with a female. The outcome of the mating competition experiments depended on the methodology used to mark the <span class="hlt">males</span>. These results show that fitness assessment can vary depending on the measure analyzed, and the methodology used to determine it. Continued investigation into these fitness measures and methodologies, and critically, their utility for predicting <span class="hlt">male</span> performance in the field, will increase the efficiency of vector control programs. PMID:29029298</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24584952','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24584952"><span>A Descriptive Study of Gambling Among Emerging <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> in French-Speaking Switzerland.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tomei, Alexander; Tichelli, Emmanuel; Ewering, Neil; Nunweiler-Hardegger, Sophie; Simon, Olivier</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>The aims were twofold: to examine the gambling habits of emerging <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in the French-speaking regions of Switzerland and to what extent these habits predict problem gambling within this population. We also evaluated problem gambling rates and provided data concerning variables such as gambling location, level of information about problem gambling and awareness of treatment centers. 606 Swiss <span class="hlt">male</span> conscripts, aged 18-22 years, completed a self-report questionnaire. This was administered during their army recruitment day in 2012. Problem gambling was assessed through the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) (Ferris and Wynne 2001). 78.5% of the respondents were lifetime gamblers, 56.1% were past-year gamblers. Four out of ten past-year gamblers played in private spaces and in back rooms. The PGSI indicated that 10.8% of past-year gamblers presented with moderate gambling problems, whilst 1.4% appeared to be problem gamblers. The majority of respondents had never received information about problem gambling. Moreover, they were unaware of the existence of treatment centers for problem gambling in their region. PGSI scores were significantly predicted by the variety of games played. Problem gambling rates among young men appear to be higher than those of the general Swiss population. This confirms that emerging <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> are a particularly vulnerable population with regards to gambling addiction. The implications of this are considered for youth gambling-prevention programs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2907177','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2907177"><span>Childhood Predictors of Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Crime</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ou, Suh-Ruu; Reynolds, Arthur J.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The study sample was drawn from the Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS), an ongoing investigation of a panel of low-income minority children (93% Black) growing up in high-poverty neighborhoods in Chicago. The study sample included 733 <span class="hlt">males</span> who were active by age 26. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> criminal records were collected through administrative records and supplemented with self-reports. Outcome measures included incarceration, conviction, and felony conviction by age 26. Probit regression was used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that common childhood predictors were AFDC participation by child’s age 3, negative home environment, maltreatment experience, trouble making behavior, and number of school moves. Unique predictors were mother unemployed by child’s age 3 for incarceration or jail, four or more children in household by child’s age 3 for felony conviction, and mother did not complete high school by child’s age 3 and social competence for both incarceration or jail and felony conviction. Implications on crime prevention were discussed. PMID:20657803</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP43B1351M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP43B1351M"><span>Postglacial Records of Southern Hemisphere Climate and Oceanographic Change From the New Zealand <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Auckland Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moy, C. M.; Gilmer, G.; Nichols, J. E.; Browne, I. M.; Curtin, L.; Vandergoes, M.; Aebig, C.; Wilson, G. S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The strength and latitudinal position of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHWW) play a fundamental role in influencing mid-latitude climate and CO2 exchange between the Southern Ocean and the atmosphere along seasonal to glaicial-interglacial timescales. Despite their importance, our understanding of past SHWW change is limited by the small number of paleoclimate records from the modern wind maximum, which are often not in agreement. The New Zealand <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Auckland Islands are located within the core of the modern wind belt (50°S), a key latitude where ocean-atmospheric linkages between the Antarctic and mid-latitudes are strong. In contrast to other <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> islands on the Campbell Plateau, the Auckland Islands have multiple protected fjord sub-basins, deep lakes, and peatlands that are advantageous for the development of high-resolution paleoclimate records. We will present ongoing work towards the establishment of multi-proxy and multi-site reconstructions of past SHWW variability from the Auckland Islands. Modern process and paleoclimate studies suggest that in lacustrine and fjord settings, the degree of water column mixing, the stable isotopic composition of n-alkanes and benthic foraminifera, and the influx of terrestrial organic matter are good indicators of wind-induced mixing of the water column or precipitation-driven erosion within catchments. During the Late Glacial and early Holocene (15 to 9 ka), elevated long-chain n-alkane δD values from ombrotrophic peatlands and an increase in the concentration of redox-sensitive elements in fjord sediment cores, signal weakening of the SHWW that appears to be coincident with periods of rapid deglacial warming of West Antarctica. Since 5.5 ka, we interpret declining n-alkane δD values to indicate enhanced westerly flow. These interpretations are in broad agreement with terrestrial paleoclimate records developed from southern South America and argue for a symmetrical response of the SHWW during</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=theory+AND+necessity&pg=4&id=ED580186','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=theory+AND+necessity&pg=4&id=ED580186"><span>Perceptions of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> Who Participated in Counseling for Trauma: A Generic Qualitative Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pullen, Annette M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This generic qualitative inquiry explored the perceptions of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> regarding their counseling for trauma experiences. Through that exploration, literature was enhanced considering the information processing theory. Individual interviews of 10 men were conducted using semi-structured, open-ended questions. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cognitive+AND+rehabilitation+AND+therapy&pg=2&id=EJ921146','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cognitive+AND+rehabilitation+AND+therapy&pg=2&id=EJ921146"><span>Implementing Adlerian Sand Tray Therapy with <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Substance Abuse Offenders: A Phenomenological Inquiry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Monakes, Sarah; Garza, Yvonne; Wiesner, Van, III; Watts, Richard E.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the perceptions of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> substance offenders who experienced sand tray therapy as an adjunct to their cognitive behavioral rehabilitative treatment. Results indicate a positive experience for participants. Implications for counselors are discussed. (Contains 1 table.)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059410','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059410"><span>Network Analysis of Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity in <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Smokers: A Preliminary Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moran-Santa Maria, Megan M; Vanderweyen, Davy C; Camp, Christopher C; Zhu, Xun; McKee, Sherry A; Cosgrove, Kelly P; Hartwell, Karen J; Brady, Kathleen T; Joseph, Jane E</p> <p>2018-06-07</p> <p>The goal of this study was to conduct a preliminary network analysis (using graph-theory measures) of intrinsic functional connectivity in <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers, with an exploration of sex differences in smokers. Twenty-seven <span class="hlt">adult</span> smokers (13 <span class="hlt">males</span>; mean age = 35) and 17 sex and age-matched controls (11 <span class="hlt">males</span>; mean age = 35) completed a blood oxygen level-dependent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. Data analysis involved preprocessing, creation of connectivity matrices using partial correlation, and computation of graph-theory measures using the Brain Connectivity Toolbox. Connector hubs and additional graph-theory measures were examined for differences between smokers and controls and correlations with nicotine dependence. Sex differences were examined in a priori regions of interest based on prior literature. Compared to nonsmokers, connector hubs in smokers emerged primarily in limbic (parahippocampus) and salience network (cingulate cortex) regions. In addition, global influence of the right insula and left nucleus accumbens was associated with higher nicotine dependence. These trends were present in <span class="hlt">male</span> but not female smokers. Network communication was altered in smokers, primarily in limbic and salience network regions. Network topology was associated with nicotine dependence in <span class="hlt">male</span> but not female smokers in regions associated with reinforcement (nucleus accumbens) and craving (insula), consistent with the idea that <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers are more sensitive to the reinforcing aspects of nicotine than female smokers. Identifying alterations in brain network communication in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female smokers can help tailor future behavioral and pharmacological smoking interventions. <span class="hlt">Male</span> smokers showed alterations in brain networks associated with the reinforcing effects of nicotine more so than females, suggesting that pharmacotherapies targeting reinforcement and craving may be more efficacious in <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3360677','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3360677"><span>The Satellite Cell in <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female, Developing and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Mouse Muscle: Distinct Stem Cells for Growth and Regeneration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Neal, Alice; Boldrin, Luisa; Morgan, Jennifer Elizabeth</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Satellite cells are myogenic cells found between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of the muscle fibre. Satellite cells are the source of new myofibres; as such, satellite cell transplantation holds promise as a treatment for muscular dystrophies. We have investigated age and sex differences between mouse satellite cells in vitro and assessed the importance of these factors as mediators of donor cell engraftment in an in vivo model of satellite cell transplantation. We found that satellite cell numbers are increased in growing compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> and in <span class="hlt">male</span> compared to female <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice. We saw no difference in the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors between <span class="hlt">male</span> and female mice, but distinct profiles were observed according to developmental stage. We show that, in contrast to <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice, the majority of satellite cells from two week old mice are proliferating to facilitate myofibre growth; however a small proportion of these cells are quiescent and not contributing to this growth programme. Despite observed changes in satellite cell populations, there is no difference in engraftment efficiency either between satellite cells derived from <span class="hlt">adult</span> or pre-weaned donor mice, <span class="hlt">male</span> or female donor cells, or between <span class="hlt">male</span> and female host muscle environments. We suggest there exist two distinct satellite cell populations: one for muscle growth and maintenance and one for muscle regeneration. PMID:22662253</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3596860','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3596860"><span>Effectiveness of an injury prevention programme for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> amateur soccer players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>van Beijsterveldt, Anna M C; van de Port, Ingrid G L; Krist, Mark R; Schmikli, Sandor L; Stubbe, Janine H; Frederiks, Janet E; Backx, Frank J G</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background The incidence rate of soccer injuries is among the highest in sports, particularly for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> soccer players. Purpose To investigate the effect of the ‘The11’ injury prevention programme on injury incidence and injury severity in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> amateur soccer players. Study design Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Methods Teams from two high-level amateur soccer competitions were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=11 teams, 223 players) or control group (n=12 teams, 233 players). The intervention group was instructed to perform The11 in each practice session during one soccer season. The11 focuses on core stability, eccentric training of thigh muscles, proprioceptive training, dynamic stabilisation and plyometrics with straight leg alignment. All participants of the control group continued their practice sessions as usual. Results In total, 427 injuries were recorded, affecting 274 of 456 players (60.1%). Compliance with the intervention programme was good (team compliance=73%, player compliance=71%). Contrary to the hypothesis, injury incidences were almost equal between the two study groups: 9.6 per 1000 sports hours (8.4–11.0) for the intervention group and 9.7 (8.5–11.1) for the control group. No significant differences were found in injury severity, but a significant difference was observed in the location of the injuries: players in the intervention group sustained significantly less knee injuries. Conclusions This study did not find significant differences in the overall injury incidence or injury severity between the intervention and control group of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> soccer players. More research is recommended, focusing on injury aetiology and risk factors in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> amateur soccer players. PMID:22878257</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27135420','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27135420"><span>Semen quality in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> survivors 5 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, X M; Chen, S M; Yue, H X; Lin, L; Wu, Y B; Liu, B; Jiang, M; Ma, Y X</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The influence of the Wenchuan earthquake on semen quality of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> survivors is unclear. We investigated the semen quality included 673 <span class="hlt">male</span> survivors from the worse-affected counties in the earthquake between Aug 2008 and July 2013. Semen parameters including pH, volume, concentration, motility and morphology were measured according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used to examine the statistical differences between years, and a logistic regression was used to analyse the impacts caused by earthquake on the changes of semen quality. We found the medians (5th and 95th) were 2.5 ml (0.6-5.5) for semen volume, 59.0 × 10 6 ml -1 [(13.0-133.0)] × 10 6 ml -1 for semen concentration, 46% (13-64%) for sperm progressive motility and 3.0% (0-17.5%) for normal morphology for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> survivors. Semen concentration, the percentage of sperm progressive motility, total motility and sperm normal morphology were all decreased in the first 3 years, and the differences among years 1, 2 and 3 were significant except the percentage of sperm progressive motility (P < 0.05). The casualties and heavy housing damage caused by earthquake had a negative effect on semen quality. The main findings will provide further diagnosis and therapy basis of <span class="hlt">male</span> fertility by data, for affected populations in the earthquake. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066665','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066665"><span>Adolescent TBI-induced hypopituitarism causes sexual dysfunction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Greco, Tiffany; Hovda, David A; Prins, Mayumi L</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Adolescents are at greatest risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and repeat TBI (RTBI). TBI-induced hypopituitarism has been documented in both <span class="hlt">adults</span> and juveniles and despite the necessity of pituitary function for normal physical and brain development, it is still unrecognized and untreated in adolescents following TBI. TBI induced hormonal dysfunction during a critical developmental window has the potential to cause long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits and the topic currently remains unaddressed. The purpose of this study was to determine if four mild TBIs delivered to adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> rats disrupts testosterone production and <span class="hlt">adult</span> behavioral outcomes. Plasma testosterone was quantified from 72 hrs preinjury to 3 months postinjury and pubertal onset, reproductive organ growth, erectile function and reproductive behaviors were assessed at 1 and 2 months postinjury. RTBI resulted in both acute and chronic decreases in testosterone production and delayed onset of puberty. Significant deficits were observed in reproductive organ growth, erectile function and reproductive behaviors in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats at both 1 and 2 months postinjury. These data suggest adolescent RTBI-induced hypopituitarism underlies abnormal behavioral changes observed during adulthood. The impact of undiagnosed hypopituitarism following RTBI in adolescence has significance not only for growth and puberty, but also for brain development and neurobehavioral function as <span class="hlt">adults</span>. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25844514','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25844514"><span>Predicting recidivism among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> child pornography offenders: Development of the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Seto, Michael C; Eke, Angela W</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>In this study, we developed a structured risk checklist, the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT), to predict any sexual recidivism among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offenders with a conviction for child pornography offenses. We identified predictors of sexual recidivism using a 5-year fixed follow-up analysis from a police case file sample of 266 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> child pornography offenders in the community after their index offense. In our 5-year follow-up, 29% committed a new offense, and 11% committed a new sexual offense, with 3% committing a new contact sexual offense against a child and 9% committing a new child pornography offense. The CPORT items comprised younger offender age, any prior criminal history, any contact sexual offending, any failure on conditional release, indication of sexual interest in child pornography material or prepubescent or pubescent children, more boy than girl content in child pornography, and more boy than girl content in other child depictions. The CPORT was significantly associated with any sexual recidivism, with moderate predictive accuracy, and thus has promise in the risk assessment of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> child pornography offenders with further cross-validation. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016319','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016319"><span>Sex differences in <span class="hlt">adults</span>' relative visual interest in female and <span class="hlt">male</span> faces, toys, and play styles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alexander, Gerianne M; Charles, Nora</p> <p>2009-06-01</p> <p>An individual's reproductive potential appears to influence response to attractive faces of the opposite sex. Otherwise, relatively little is known about the characteristics of the <span class="hlt">adult</span> observer that may influence his or her affective evaluation of <span class="hlt">male</span> and female faces. An untested hypothesis (based on the proposed role of attractive faces in mate selection) is that most women would show greater interest in <span class="hlt">male</span> faces whereas most men would show greater interest in female faces. Further, evidence from individuals with preferences for same-sex sexual partners suggests that response to attractive <span class="hlt">male</span> and female faces may be influenced by gender-linked play preferences. To test these hypotheses, visual attention directed to sex-linked stimuli (faces, toys, play styles) was measured in 39 men and 44 women using eye tracking technology. Consistent with our predictions, men directed greater visual attention to all <span class="hlt">male</span>-typical stimuli and visual attention to <span class="hlt">male</span> and female faces was associated with visual attention to gender conforming or nonconforming stimuli in a manner consistent with previous research on sexual orientation. In contrast, women showed a visual preference for female-typical toys, but no visual preference for <span class="hlt">male</span> faces or female-typical play styles. These findings indicate that sex differences in visual processing extend beyond stimuli associated with <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual behavior. We speculate that sex differences in visual processing are a component of the expression of gender phenotypes across the lifespan that may reflect sex differences in the motivational properties of gender-linked stimuli.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PalOc..31.1583G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PalOc..31.1583G"><span>Carbon isotope offsets between benthic foraminifer species of the genus Cibicides (Cibicidoides) in the glacial <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Atlantic</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gottschalk, Julia; Vázquez Riveiros, Natalia; Waelbroeck, Claire; Skinner, Luke C.; Michel, Elisabeth; Duplessy, Jean-Claude; Hodell, David; Mackensen, Andreas</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Epibenthic foraminifer δ13C measurements are valuable for reconstructing past bottom water dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C (δ13CDIC), which are used to infer global ocean circulation patterns. Epibenthic δ13C, however, may also reflect the influence of 13C-depleted phytodetritus, microhabitat changes, and/or variations in carbonate ion concentrations. Here we compare the δ13C of two benthic foraminifer species, Cibicides kullenbergi and Cibicides wuellerstorfi, and their morphotypes, in three <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Atlantic sediment cores over several glacial-interglacial transitions. These species are commonly assumed to be epibenthic, living above or directly below the sediment-water interface. While this might be consistent with the small δ13C offset that we observe between these species during late Pleistocene interglacial periods (Δδ13C = -0.19 ± 0.31‰, N = 63), it is more difficult to reconcile with the significant δ13C offset that is found between these species during glacial periods (Δδ13C = -0.76 ± 0.44‰, N = 44). We test possible scenarios by analyzing Uvigerina spp. δ13C and benthic foraminifer abundances: (1) C. kullenbergi δ13C is biased to light values either due to microhabitat shifts or phytodetritus effects and (2) C. wuellerstorfi δ13C is biased to heavy values, relative to long-term average conditions, for instance by recording the sporadic occurrence of less depleted deepwater δ13CDIC. Neither of these scenarios can be ruled out unequivocally. However, our findings emphasize that supposedly epibenthic foraminifer δ13C in the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Atlantic may reflect several factors rather than being solely a function of bottom water δ13CDIC. This could have a direct bearing on the interpretation of extremely light South Atlantic δ13C values at the Last Glacial Maximum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23654100','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23654100"><span>[Influence of water fluoride exposure on sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhou, Tong; Yang, Rupu; Li, Shihong; Zheng, Guoqing; Xi, Yu; Cheng, Xuemin; Hou, Jiaxiang; Cui, Liuxin; Ba, Yue</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>To explore the influence of water fluoride exposure on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>. Cross-sectional study was conducted in three villages of Tongxu county including high fluoride group (HFG), defluoridation project group (DFPG) and control group (CG) based on the fluoride concentration in drinking water. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> who were born and raised in the village and aged 18 - 50 years old were recruited using cluster sampling. Fasting blood and morning urine samples were collected. The fluoride levels in drinking water and urine were detected by fluoride-ion selective electrode method. Serum SHBG level was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The chemical luminescence immune analysis method was used to detect serum testosterone content. Serum SHBG level was 47.85 nmol/L in CG, 31.37 nmol/L in DFPG and 24.52 nmol/L in HFG respectively. There were significant difference among of three groups (P < 0.05). Serum testosterone level was 3.69 ng/ml in CG, 4.61 ng/ml in DFPG and 4.83 ng/ml in HFG respectively. Serum testosterone level in HFG was significantly higher than that in CG (P < 0.05). Serum SHBG level in HFG has positive correlation with serum testosterone (r = 0.230, P = 0.049), which has not been observed in DFPG and CG. Long-time fluorine exposure may affect serum SHBG and testosterone level in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29755874','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29755874"><span>Cardiovascular risk factors in young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>: impact of physical activity and parental education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Çuhadar, Serap; Atay, Ayşenur; Sağlam, Gülcan; Köseoğlu, Mehmet; Cuhadar, Levent</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This study was conducted to assess whether choices of physical activity, smoking status, and parental education and income were correlated with the health status of young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> which are important for preventive health policy. 491 18-29-year old <span class="hlt">males</span> from lower socioeconomical districts in Turkey participated in this study. Information about demographic characteristics, parental education, household income, smoking status, and physical activity was obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire. BMI and metabolic parameters (serum lipid profile) were assessed. Mean total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels were in the normal range. The physically active group displayed a better lipid profile. No relationship was found between parental education and serum lipids. Smoking was slightly correlated with household income (r=103, p=0.022). Young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> who participate in relatively high levels of physical activity are at lower CHD risk than less active ones. The present study also showed that lower socioecnomic status does not always correlate with higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, data supports that while family history cannot be changed, HDL levels can be modulated by lifestyle factors as in other populations and that with the determined benefits of increasing physical activity and thus, HDL levels, policy reform in schools to promote physical activity are warranted.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4818598','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4818598"><span>Physical exercise increases <span class="hlt">adult</span> hippocampal neurogenesis in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats provided it is aerobic and sustained</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lensu, Sanna; Ahtiainen, Juha P.; Johansson, Petra P.; Koch, Lauren G.; Britton, Steven L.; Kainulainen, Heikki</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Key points Aerobic exercise, such as running, enhances <span class="hlt">adult</span> hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in rodents.Little is known about the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIT) or of purely anaerobic resistance training on AHN.Here, compared with a sedentary lifestyle, we report a very modest effect of HIT and no effect of resistance training on AHN in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.We found the most AHN in rats that were selectively bred for an innately high response to aerobic exercise that also run voluntarily and increase maximal running capacity.Our results confirm that sustained aerobic exercise is key in improving AHN. Abstract Aerobic exercise, such as running, has positive effects on brain structure and function, such as <span class="hlt">adult</span> hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and learning. Whether high‐intensity interval training (HIT), referring to alternating short bouts of very intense anaerobic exercise with recovery periods, or anaerobic resistance training (RT) has similar effects on AHN is unclear. In addition, individual genetic variation in the overall response to physical exercise is likely to play a part in the effects of exercise on AHN but is less well studied. Recently, we developed polygenic rat models that gain differentially for running capacity in response to aerobic treadmill training. Here, we subjected these low‐response trainer (LRT) and high‐response trainer (HRT) <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats to various forms of physical exercise for 6–8 weeks and examined the effects on AHN. Compared with sedentary animals, the highest number of doublecortin‐positive hippocampal cells was observed in HRT rats that ran voluntarily on a running wheel, whereas HIT on the treadmill had a smaller, statistically non‐significant effect on AHN. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> hippocampal neurogenesis was elevated in both LRT and HRT rats that underwent endurance training on a treadmill compared with those that performed RT by climbing a vertical ladder with weights, despite their significant gain in strength</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=108848&keyword=animals+AND+cells&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=108848&keyword=animals+AND+cells&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Reproductive toxicity of a single dose of 1,3-dinitrobenzene in two ages of young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>These studies evaluated the reproductive response and the possible influence of testicular maturation on the reproductive parameters, in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats treated with 1,3-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB). Young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats (75 or 105 days of age) were given a single oral dose of 0, 8, 16, 24,...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS34A..01P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS34A..01P"><span>Submarine glacial landforms and interactions with volcanism around <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Heard and McDonald Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Picard, K.; Watson, S. J.; Fox, J. M.; Post, A.; Whittaker, J. M.; Lucieer, V.; Carey, R.; Coffin, M. F.; Hodgson, D.; Hogan, K.; Graham, A. G. C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Unravelling the glacial history of <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> islands can provide clues to past climate and Antarctic ice sheet stability. The glacial history of many <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> islands is poorly understood, including the Heard and McDonald Islands (HIMI) located on the Kerguelen Plateau in the southern Indian Ocean. The geomorphologic development of HIMI has involved a combination of construction via hotspot volcanism and mechanical erosion caused by waves, weather, and glaciers. Today, the 2.5 km2 McDonald Islands are not glacierised; in contrast, the 368 km2 Heard Island has 12 major glaciers, some extending from the summit of 2813 m to sea level. Historical accounts from Heard Island suggest that the glaciers were more extensive in the 1850s to 1870s, and have retreated at least 12% (33.89 km2) since 1997. However, surrounding bathymetry suggests a much more extensive previous glaciation of the HIMI region that encompassed 9,585 km2, likely dating back at least to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ca. 26.5 -19 ka. We present analyses of multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data, acquired aboard RV Investigator in early 2016, that support the previous existence of an extensive icecap. These data reveal widespread ice-marginal and subglacial features including moraines, over-deepened troughs, drumlins and crag-and-tails. Glacial landforms suggest paleo-ice flow directions and a glacial extent that are consistent with previously documented broad scale morphological features. We identify >660 iceberg keel scours in water depths ranging from 150 - 530 m. The orientations of the iceberg keel scours reflect the predominantly east-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current and westerly winds in the region. 40Ar/39Ar dating of volcanic rocks from submarine volcanoes around McDonald Islands suggests that volcanism and glaciation coincided. The flat-topped morphology of these volcanoes may result from lava-ice interaction or erosion by glaciers post eruption during a time of extensive ice</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29029298','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29029298"><span>The Effect of Larval Diet on <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Survival, Swarming Activity and Copulation Success in <span class="hlt">Male</span> Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lang, Bethan J; Idugboe, Stefano; McManus, Kirelle; Drury, Florence; Qureshi, Alima; Cator, Lauren J</p> <p>2018-01-10</p> <p>Control of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations is vital for reducing the transmission of several pervasive human diseases. The success of new vector control technologies will be influenced by the fitness of laboratory-reared transgenic <span class="hlt">males</span>. However, there has been relatively little published data on how rearing practices influence <span class="hlt">male</span> fitness in Aedes mosquitoes. In the laboratory, the effect of larval food availability on <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> fitness was tested, using a range of different fitness measures. Larval food availability was demonstrated to be positively correlated with <span class="hlt">adult</span> body size. Larger <span class="hlt">males</span> survived longer and exhibited greater swarming activity. As a consequence, larger <span class="hlt">males</span> may have more mating opportunities in the wild. However, we also found that within a swarm larger <span class="hlt">males</span> did not have an increased likelihood of copulating with a female. The outcome of the mating competition experiments depended on the methodology used to mark the <span class="hlt">males</span>. These results show that fitness assessment can vary depending on the measure analyzed, and the methodology used to determine it. Continued investigation into these fitness measures and methodologies, and critically, their utility for predicting <span class="hlt">male</span> performance in the field, will increase the efficiency of vector control programs. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4981838','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4981838"><span>The Effects of Inflammatory Tooth Pain on Anxiety in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Raoof, Maryam; Ebrahimnejad, Hamed; Abbasnejad, Mehdi; Amirkhosravi, Ladan; Raoof, Ramin; Esmaeili Mahani, Saeed; Ramazani, Mohsen; Shokouhinejad, Noushin; Khoshkhounejad, Mehrfam</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effects of induced inflammatory tooth pain on anxiety level in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Methods: The mandibular incisors of 56 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were cut off and prefabricated crowns were fixed on the teeth. Formalin and capsaicin were injected intradentally to induce inflammatory tooth pain. Diazepam treated group received diazepam 30 minutes before intradental injection. The anxiety-related behavior was evaluated with elevated plus maze test. Results: Intradental application of chemical noxious stimuli, capsaicin and formalin, significantly affected nociceptive behaviors (P<0.001). Capsaicin (P<0.001) and formalin (P<0.01) significantly increased the anxiety levels in rats by decrease in the duration of time spent in open arm and increase in the duration of time spent in closed arm. Rats that received capsaicin made fewer open arm entries compared to the control animals (P<0.05). Capsaicin (P<0.001) and formalin (P<0.01) treated rats showed more stretch attend postures compared to the control and sham operated animals. In diazepampretreated rats, capsaicin induced algesic effect was prevented (P<0.001). Conclusion: Inflammatory pulpal pain has anxiogenic effect on rats, whereas diazepam premedication showed both anxiolytic and pain reducing effects. PMID:27563419</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol12','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol12"><span>Demographic response of black bears at Cold Lake, Alberta, to the removal of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sargeant, Glen A.; Ruff, Robert L.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Previous reports described an increase in population density following the removal of 23 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> black bears (Ursus americanus) from a 218-km2 study area near Cold Lake, Alberta (the CLSA). This finding plays a central role in continuing debates over population regulation in bears, but has recently been criticized because density estimates were based on assumptions that were not met. Moreover, subsequent discussion has been predicated on conjecture that human exploitation had minimal influence on population dynamics. Our reanalysis supports previous descriptions of trends in bear density at Cold Lake. However, survival records revealed heavier exploitation than previously suspected. An underlying assumption of previous interpretationsCthat the Cold Lake bear population was naturally regulated near carrying capacityCno longer seems reasonable. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> deterred bears in other sex-age groups from using the CLSA; however, we found no evidence that birth or death rates were affected. The observed increase in local density should not be construed as a density-dependent response. Abrupt changes in local density might not have occurred if <span class="hlt">males</span> had been removed from a larger area encompassing the CLSA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Masturbation&pg=2&id=EJ758381','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Masturbation&pg=2&id=EJ758381"><span>Sexual Behavior in High-Functioning <span class="hlt">Male</span> Adolescents and Young <span class="hlt">Adults</span> with Autism Spectrum Disorder</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hellemans, Hans; Colson, Kathy; Verbraeken, Christine; Vermeiren, Robert; Deboutte, Dirk</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Group home caregivers of 24 institutionalized, <span class="hlt">male</span>, high-functioning adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> with Autism Spectrum Disorder, were interviewed with the Interview Sexuality Autism. Most subjects were reported to express sexual interest and to display some kind of sexual behavior. Knowledge of socio-sexual skills existed, but practical use was…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3042320','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3042320"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Circumcision: Effects on Sexual Function and Sexual Satisfaction in Kisumu, Kenya</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Krieger, John N.; Mehta, Supriya D.; Bailey, Robert C.; Agot, Kawango; Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah O.; Parker, Corette; Moses, Stephen</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Introduction <span class="hlt">Male</span> circumcision is being promoted for HIV prevention in high-risk heterosexual populations. However, there is a concern that circumcision may impair sexual function. Aim To assess <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision’s effect on men’s sexual function and pleasure. Methods Participants in a controlled trial of circumcision to reduce HIV incidence in Kisumu, Kenya were uncircumcised, HIV negative, sexually active men, aged 18–24 years, with a hemoglobin ≥9.0 mmol/L. Exclusion criteria included foreskin covering less than half the glans, a condition that might unduly increase surgical risks, or a medical indication for circumcision. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either immediate circumcision or delayed circumcision after 2 years (control group). Detailed evaluations occurred at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Main Outcome Measures (i) Sexual function between circumcised and uncircumcised men; and (ii) sexual satisfaction and pleasure over time following circumcision. Results Between February 2002 and September 2005, 2,784 participants were randomized, including the 100 excluded from this analysis because they crossed over, were not circumcised within 30 days of randomization, did not complete baseline interviews, or were outside the age range. For the circumcision and control groups, respectively, rates of any reported sexual dysfunction decreased from 23.6% and 25.9% at baseline to 6.2% and 5.8% at month 24. Changes over time were not associated with circumcision status. Compared to before they were circumcised, 64.0% of circumcised men reported their penis was “much more sensitive,” and 54.5% rated their ease of reaching orgasm as “much more” at month 24. Conclusions <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision was not associated with sexual dysfunction. Circumcised men reported increased penile sensitivity and enhanced ease of reaching orgasm. These data indicate that integration of <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision into programs to reduce HIV risk is unlikely to adversely</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3549287','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3549287"><span>Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>: prevalence and associated factors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background Three National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMSs) had been conducted in Malaysia in 10-year intervals from 1986–2006. Based on the latest NHMS survey in 2006, we describe the prevalence of smoking and identify the social and demographic factors associated with smoking among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study among 15,639 Malaysian <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> aged 18 years and above was conducted using proportional to size stratified sampling method. The socio-demographic variables examined were level of education, occupation, marital status, residential area, age group and monthly household income. Results The prevalence of smoking among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Malaysia was 46.5% (95% CI: 45.5–47.4%), which was 3% lower than a decade ago. Mean age of smoking initiation was 18.3 years, and mean number of cigarettes smoked daily was 11.3. Prevalence of smoking was highest among the Malays (55.9%) and those aged 21–30 years (59.3%). Smoking was significantly associated with level of education (no education OR 2.09 95% CI (1.67–2.60), primary school OR 1.95, 95% CI (1.65–2.30), secondary school OR 1.88, 95% CI (1.63–2.11), with tertiary education as the reference group). Marital status (divorce OR 1.67, 95% CI (1.22–2.28), with married as the reference group), ethnicity (Malay, OR 2.29, 95% CI ( 1.98–2.66; Chinese OR 1.23 95% CI (1.05–1.91), Other Bumis OR 1.75, 95% CI (1.46–2.10, others OR 1.48 95% CI (1.15–1.91), with Indian as the reference group), age group (18–20 years OR 2.36, 95% CI (1.90–2.94); 20–29 years OR 3.31 , 95% CI 2.82–3.89; 31–40 years OR 2.85 , 95% CI ( 2.47–3.28); 41–50 years OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.69–2.20) ; 51–60 years OR 1.32, 95% CI (1.15–1.51), with 60 year-old and above as the reference group) and residential area (rural OR 1.12 , 95% CI ( 1.03–1.22)) urban as reference. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking among Malaysian <span class="hlt">males</span> remained high in spite of several population interventions over</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3262831','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3262831"><span>Resting-State Brain Activity in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> Who Stutter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhu, Chaozhe; Wang, Liang; Yan, Qian; Lin, Chunlan; Yu, Chunshui</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Although developmental stuttering has been extensively studied with structural and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), few studies have focused on resting-state brain activity in this disorder. We investigated resting-state brain activity of stuttering subjects by analyzing the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), region of interest (ROI)-based functional connectivity (FC) and independent component analysis (ICA)-based FC. Forty-four <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with developmental stuttering and 46 age-matched fluent <span class="hlt">male</span> controls were scanned using resting-state fMRI. ALFF, ROI-based FCs and ICA-based FCs were compared between <span class="hlt">male</span> stuttering subjects and fluent controls in a voxel-wise manner. Compared with fluent controls, stuttering subjects showed increased ALFF in left brain areas related to speech motor and auditory functions and bilateral prefrontal cortices related to cognitive control. However, stuttering subjects showed decreased ALFF in the left posterior language reception area and bilateral non-speech motor areas. ROI-based FC analysis revealed decreased FC between the posterior language area involved in the perception and decoding of sensory information and anterior brain area involved in the initiation of speech motor function, as well as increased FC within anterior or posterior speech- and language-associated areas and between the prefrontal areas and default-mode network (DMN) in stuttering subjects. ICA showed that stuttering subjects had decreased FC in the DMN and increased FC in the sensorimotor network. Our findings support the concept that stuttering subjects have deficits in multiple functional systems (motor, language, auditory and DMN) and in the connections between them. PMID:22276215</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3229128','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3229128"><span>Transcript levels of ten caste-related genes in <span class="hlt">adult</span> diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> of Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) - A comparison with haploid <span class="hlt">males</span>, queens and workers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Borges, Andreia A.; Humann, Fernanda C.; Oliveira Campos, Lucio A.; Tavares, Mara G.; Hartfelder, Klaus</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In Hymenoptera, homozygosity at the sex locus results in the production of diploid <span class="hlt">males</span>. In social species, these pose a double burden by having low fitness and drawing resources normally spent for increasing the work force of a colony. Yet, diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> are of academic interest as they can elucidate effects of ploidy (normal <span class="hlt">males</span> are haploid, whereas the female castes, the queens and workers, are diploid) on morphology and life history. Herein we investigated expression levels of ten caste-related genes in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata, comparing newly emerged and 5-day-old diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> with haploid <span class="hlt">males</span>, queens and workers. In diploid <span class="hlt">males</span>, transcript levels for dunce and paramyosin were increased during the first five days of <span class="hlt">adult</span> life, while those for diacylglycerol kinase and the transcriptional co-repressor groucho diminished. Two general trends were apparent, (i) gene expression patterns in diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> were overall more similar to haploid ones and workers than to queens, and (ii) in queens and workers, more genes were up-regulated after emergence until day five, whereas in diploid and especially so in haploid <span class="hlt">males</span> more genes were down-regulated. This difference between the sexes may be related to longevity, which is much longer in females than in <span class="hlt">males</span>. PMID:22215977</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215977','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215977"><span>Transcript levels of ten caste-related genes in <span class="hlt">adult</span> diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> of Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) - A comparison with haploid <span class="hlt">males</span>, queens and workers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Borges, Andreia A; Humann, Fernanda C; Oliveira Campos, Lucio A; Tavares, Mara G; Hartfelder, Klaus</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>In Hymenoptera, homozygosity at the sex locus results in the production of diploid <span class="hlt">males</span>. In social species, these pose a double burden by having low fitness and drawing resources normally spent for increasing the work force of a colony. Yet, diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> are of academic interest as they can elucidate effects of ploidy (normal <span class="hlt">males</span> are haploid, whereas the female castes, the queens and workers, are diploid) on morphology and life history. Herein we investigated expression levels of ten caste-related genes in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata, comparing newly emerged and 5-day-old diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> with haploid <span class="hlt">males</span>, queens and workers. In diploid <span class="hlt">males</span>, transcript levels for dunce and paramyosin were increased during the first five days of <span class="hlt">adult</span> life, while those for diacylglycerol kinase and the transcriptional co-repressor groucho diminished. Two general trends were apparent, (i) gene expression patterns in diploid <span class="hlt">males</span> were overall more similar to haploid ones and workers than to queens, and (ii) in queens and workers, more genes were up-regulated after emergence until day five, whereas in diploid and especially so in haploid <span class="hlt">males</span> more genes were down-regulated. This difference between the sexes may be related to longevity, which is much longer in females than in <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061325','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061325"><span>Psychological Distress in Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> with Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Si-Heon; Hur, Jae; Jang, Jae-Yeon; Park, Hae-Sim; Hong, Chang Hyung; Son, Sang Joon; Chang, Ki Jung</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and psychological distress has been well established for children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether this relationship exists in young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. This study aimed to assess the relationship between AD and psychological distress in young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> in South Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted using regional conscription data from 2008 to 2012. A dermatologist diagnosed AD based on historical and clinical features, and determined severity using the eczema area and severity index. A psychiatrist used medical records, an interview, and a psychological test to examine psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and somatization). The relationship between psychological distress and AD was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Among the 120,508 conscripts, 1517 (1.2%) presented with AD. The odds of having each type of psychological distress were significantly greater for individuals with AD compared with those without AD. The adjusted odds ratios for depression, anxiety, and somatization were 1.79 (95% CI 1.40-2.29), 1.38 (95% CI 1.08-1.76), and 1.75 (95% CI 1.40-2.20), respectively. Moderate-to-severe AD was significantly related to depression and somatization to a greater extent compared with mild AD. Depression, anxiety, and somatization are strongly and independently associated with AD in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Early treatment of skin inflammation might modify the risk of psychiatric problems. Prospective cohort studies are needed to verify causal relationships.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27785720','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27785720"><span>Individual and combined effect of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on reproductive system of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alaa-Eldin, Eman Ahmad; El-Shafei, Dalia Abdallah; Abouhashem, Nehal S</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Commercial mixtures of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin pesticides are widely used to enhance the toxic effects of cypermethrin on target insects. So, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the individual and combined toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP) on reproductive system of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats. Forty <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats were randomized into main four groups: group I (control group) included 16 rats, subdivided into negative and positive control; group II (eight rats) received chlorpyrifos 6.75 mg/kg b.w./orally∕daily); group III (eight rats) (received cypermethrin 12.5 mg/kg b.w./orally∕daily); and group IV (eight rats) (received chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin at the same previously mentioned doses). All treatments were given by oral gavage for 12 weeks. We found that single CPF and CYP exposures significantly have adverse effects on reproductive function of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats manifested by reduced testicular weight, decreased sperm count, motility and viability, significantly increased percent of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, and significant increments in sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) with respect to control group. Furthermore, serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels were decreased significantly compared to control group. This was accompanied with histopathological changes in the testis of rats such as necrosis, degeneration, decreasing number of spermatogenic cells in some seminiferous tubules, edema, congested blood vessels, and exudate in interstitial tissue of the testis. Notably, all these changes were exaggerated in rats treated concomitantly with chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin rendering the mixture more toxic than the additive effects of each compound and causing greater damage on the reproductive system of <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats than the individual pesticides.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053720','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053720"><span>Vocalizations of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Asian koels (Eudynamys scolopacea) in the breeding season.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khan, Abdul Aziz; Qureshi, Irfan Zia</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Defining the vocal repertoire provides a basis for understanding the role of acoustic signals in sexual and social interactions of an animal. The Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopacea) is a migratory bird which spends its summer breeding season in the plains of Pakistan. The bird is typically wary and secretive but produces loud and distinct calls, making it easily detected when unseen. Like the other birds in the wild, presumably Asian koels use their calls for social cohesion and coordination of different behaviors. To date, the description of vocal repertoire of the <span class="hlt">male</span> Asian koel has been lacking. Presently we analyzed and described for the first time the vocalizations of the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Asian koel, recorded in two consecutive breeding seasons. Using 10 call parameters, we categorized the vocalization type into six different categories on the basis of spectrogram and statistical analyses, namely the; "type 1 cooee call", "type 2 cooee call", "type 1 coegh call", "type 2 coegh call", "wurroo call" and "coe call". These names were assigned not on the basis of functional analysis and were therefore onomatopoeic. Stepwise cross validated discriminant function analysis classified the vocalization correctly (100%) into the predicted vocal categories that we initially classified on the basis of spectrographic examination. Our findings enrich the biological knowledge about vocalizations of the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Asian koel and provide a foundation for future acoustic monitoring of the species, as well as for comparative studies with vocalizations of other bird species of the cuckoo family. Further studies on the vocalizations of the Asian koel are required to unravel their functions in sexual selection and individual recognition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1613786T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1613786T"><span>Investigating the spring bloom initiation and net community production in the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Southern Ocean using high-resolution in situ glider data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>thomalla, sandy; Racault, Marie-Fanny; Swart, Sebastiaan; Monteiro, Pedro</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Phytoplankton bloom phenology has important consequences for marine ecosystems, fisheries and carbon export to the ocean interior. As such, it is important to examine the drivers of phytoplankton bloom initiation and their sensitivity to inter-annual climate variability and change. In this study we use ~6 months of in-situ high-resolution glider data to investigate the spring bloom initiation in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> zone (SAZ) of the Southern Ocean by implementing three different methods; a rate of change method, a threshold method and a cumulative sum method. The bloom initiation dates are critically compared to one another and the drivers of discrepancies assessed to inform on the sensitivities of different methods to processes driving the seasonal evolution of phytoplankton biomass in the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span>. The bloom initiation dates combined with in situ glider data of chlorophyll, light, and mixed layer depth allow us to resolve both Sverdrup's Critical Depth and Behrenfeld's Disturbance Recovery models through the water column and thus determine the seasonal evolution of net community production and respiration rates and the potential for carbon export. The outputs of the two different models are compared to one another in the context of their sensitivities to water column processes thereby refining their ability to address specific system scale questions. The novelty of this study is that gliders provide an unprecedented dataset to assess the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton biomass throughout the water column at high resolution, thus enhancing our understanding of net community production and export processes at submeso-space and sub-seasonal time scales.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sibling+AND+relationship&pg=4&id=EJ890388','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sibling+AND+relationship&pg=4&id=EJ890388"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> Female and <span class="hlt">Male</span> Siblings of Persons with Disabilities: Findings from a National Survey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hodapp, Robert M.; Urbano, Richard C.; Burke, Meghan M.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>In this study, the authors used a national, Web-based survey to examine female and <span class="hlt">male</span> siblings of individuals with disabilities. More than 1,160 <span class="hlt">adult</span> siblings completed a 163-question survey about themselves, their siblings, and their sibling relationships. Most respondents reported fairly close contact with their siblings and positive sibling…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28369733','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28369733"><span>Feeding in fear? How <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) adjust to predation and savanna habitat pressures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lindshield, Stacy; Danielson, Brent J; Rothman, Jessica M; Pruetz, Jill D</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>We evaluated risk-sensitive foraging in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) occupying a savanna environment at Fongoli, Senegal. The aim of this study was to determine how the risks of predation and heat stress influenced their behavior while feeding on a key food, fruit of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata). Proximity of fruiting baobab trees to anthropogenic landmarks were compared to food intake, feeding rate, and behavioral indicators of fear in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> (N = 11) at Fongoli. Additionally, we compared foraging to vegetative habitats, baobab ripe fruit nutritive quality, surface water availability, and foraging party composition. Fruit abundance increased with proximity to anthropogenic landmarks, and chimpanzees exhibited higher frequencies of antipredator behaviors as they approached these risky areas. However, predation risk did not deter <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from visiting these fruiting trees; instead, risky foraging bouts were associated with higher food intakes and longer feeding times. Additionally, higher feeding rates were observed in open-canopy habitats, and this behavior may have minimized their risk of heat stress. Adaptations that minimize predation risk are widespread in mammalian prey species, but these traits are poorly understood in chimpanzees. Great apes encounter few nonhuman predators capable of successfully capturing and killing them; thus, such events are rarely observed. Although people rarely hunt chimpanzees in Senegal, we found that <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> perceived humans as predators and adjusted their behavior while foraging in risky habitats. From an applied perspective, risk-taking behavior is important for understanding and mitigating the problem of crop-feeding in locations where chimpanzees and humans live in sympatry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19718326','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19718326"><span>Effect of Ruta graveolens and Cannabis sativa alcoholic extract on spermatogenesis in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> wistar <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sailani, M R; Moeini, H</p> <p>2007-07-01</p> <p>The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of alcohol extracts of Ruta graveolens and Cannabis sativa that were used traditionally in medieval Persian medicine as <span class="hlt">male</span> contraceptive drugs, on spermatogenesis in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Ethanol extracts of these plants were obtained by the maceration method. The <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were injected intraperitionaly with C. sativa and R. graveolens 5% ethanol extracts at dose of 20 mg/day for 20 consecutive days, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, testicular function was assessed by epididymal sperm count. The statistical results showed that the ethanol extracts of these plants reduced the number of sperms significantly (P=0.00) in the treatment groups in comparison to the control group. The results also showed that the group, treated by extract of R. graveolens reduced spermatogenesis more than the group treated by extracts of C. sativa. The present study demonstrated the spermatogenesis reducing properties of the ethanol extracts of R. graveolens and C. sativa in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> wistar rats but more studies are necessary to reveal the mechanism of action that is involved in spermatogenesis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700679','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700679"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> Connection in Assault Injury Prevention among <span class="hlt">Male</span> Youth in Low-Resource Urban Environments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Culyba, Alison J; Miller, Elizabeth; Ginsburg, Kenneth R; Branas, Charles C; Guo, Wensheng; Fein, Joel A; Richmond, Therese S; Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie L; Wiebe, Douglas J</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Strengths-based strategies to reduce youth violence in low-resource urban communities are urgently needed. Supportive adolescent-<span class="hlt">adult</span> relationships may confer protection, but studies have been limited by self-reported composite outcomes. We conducted a population-based case-control study among 10- to 24-year-old <span class="hlt">males</span> in low-resource neighborhoods to examine associations between supportive <span class="hlt">adult</span> connection and severe assault injury. Cases were victims of gunshot assault injury (n = 143) and non-gun assault injury (n = 206) from two level I trauma centers. Age- and race-matched controls (n = 283) were recruited using random digit dial from the same catchment. Adolescent-<span class="hlt">adult</span> connections were defined by: (1) brief survey questions and (2) detailed family genograms. Analysis used conditional logistic regression. There were no significant associations between positive <span class="hlt">adult</span> connection, as defined by brief survey questions, and either gunshot or non-gun assault injury among adolescents with high prior violence involvement (GSW OR = 2.46, 95% CI 0.81-7.49; non-gun OR = 1.59, 95% CI 0.54-4.67) or low prior violence involvement (GSW OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.34-2.44; non-gun OR = 1.96, 95% CI 0.73-5.28). In contrast, among adolescents with high levels of prior violence involvement, reporting at least one supportive <span class="hlt">adult</span> family member in the family genogram was associated with higher odds of gunshot assault injury (OR = 4.01, 95% CI 1.36-11.80) and non-gun assault injury (OR = 4.22, 95% CI 1.48-12.04). We were thus unable to demonstrate that positive <span class="hlt">adult</span> connections protected adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> from severe assault injury in this highly under-resourced environment. However, at the time of injury, assault-injured adolescents, particularly those with high prior violence involvement, reported high levels of family support. The post-injury period may provide opportunities to intervene to enhance and leverage family connections to explore how to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29541128','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29541128"><span>Association between resting heart rate, metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory fitness in Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kang, Seol-Jung; Ha, Gi-Chul; Ko, Kwang-Jun</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The present study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory fitness according to resting heart rate of Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A total of 11,876 <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> aged 20-65 years who underwent health examinations from 2010 to 2015 at a National Fitness Centre in South Korea were included. Subjects' resting heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 max), and metabolic syndrome parameters were collected. The subjects were divided into 5 categories (<60 bpm, 60-69 bpm, 70-79 bpm, 80-89 bpm, and ≥90 bpm) of resting heart rate for further analysis. We found that elevated resting heart rate was positively associated with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose levels ( p < 0.001, respectively); in contrast, elevated resting heart rate was inversely associated with VO 2 max ( p < 0.001). When resting heart rate of subjects was categorized into quintiles and analysed, the results showed that the relative risk of metabolic syndrome was 1.53-fold higher (95% CI, 1.34 to 1.82) in the range of 60-69 beats per minute (bpm), 2.08-fold higher (95% CI, 1.77 to 2.45) in the range of 70-79 bpm, 2.28-fold higher (95% CI, 1.73 to 3.00) in the range of 80-89 bpm, and 2.61-fold higher (95% CI, 1.62 to 4.20) in the range of ≥90 bpm, compared to those <60 bpm; this indicated that as resting heart rate increased, the relative risk of metabolic syndrome also increased. Resting heart rate of <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> was found to be associated with cardiorespiratory fitness; the risk factors for metabolic syndrome and relative risk of metabolic syndrome increased as resting heart rate increased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3141647','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3141647"><span>In utero protein restriction causes growth delay and alters sperm parameters in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Recent studies have supported the concept of "fetal programming" which suggests that during the intrauterine development the fetus may be programmed to develop diseases in adulthood. The possible effects of in utero protein restriction on sexual development of rat <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring were evaluated in the present study. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups: one group treated with standard chow (SC, n = 8, 17% protein) and the other group treated with hypoproteic chow (HC, n = 10, 6% protein) throughout gestation. After gestation the two experimental groups received standard chow. To evaluate the possible late reproductive effects of in utero protein restriction, the <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring of both groups were assessed at different phases of sexual development: prepubertal (30 days old); peripubertal (60 days old); <span class="hlt">adult</span> (90 days old). Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were utilized. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results We found that in utero protein restriction reduced the body weight of <span class="hlt">male</span> pups on the first postnatal day and during the different sexual development phases (prepubertal, peripubertal and <span class="hlt">adult</span>). During adulthood, Sertoli cell number, sperm motility and sperm counts in the testis and epididymal cauda were also reduced in HC. Furthermore, the numbers of sperm presenting morphological abnormalities and cytoplasmic drop retention were higher in HC. Conclusions In conclusion, in utero protein restriction, under these experimental conditions, causes growth delay and alters <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive-system programming in rats, suggesting impairment of sperm quality in adulthood. PMID:21702915</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702915','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702915"><span>In utero protein restriction causes growth delay and alters sperm parameters in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Toledo, Fabíola C; Perobelli, Juliana E; Pedrosa, Flávia P C; Anselmo-Franci, Janete A; Kempinas, Wilma D G</p> <p>2011-06-24</p> <p>Recent studies have supported the concept of "fetal programming" which suggests that during the intrauterine development the fetus may be programmed to develop diseases in adulthood. The possible effects of in utero protein restriction on sexual development of rat <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring were evaluated in the present study. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups: one group treated with standard chow (SC, n = 8, 17% protein) and the other group treated with hypoproteic chow (HC, n = 10, 6% protein) throughout gestation. After gestation the two experimental groups received standard chow. To evaluate the possible late reproductive effects of in utero protein restriction, the <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring of both groups were assessed at different phases of sexual development: prepubertal (30 days old); peripubertal (60 days old); <span class="hlt">adult</span> (90 days old). Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were utilized. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. We found that in utero protein restriction reduced the body weight of <span class="hlt">male</span> pups on the first postnatal day and during the different sexual development phases (prepubertal, peripubertal and <span class="hlt">adult</span>). During adulthood, Sertoli cell number, sperm motility and sperm counts in the testis and epididymal cauda were also reduced in HC. Furthermore, the numbers of sperm presenting morphological abnormalities and cytoplasmic drop retention were higher in HC. In conclusion, in utero protein restriction, under these experimental conditions, causes growth delay and alters <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive-system programming in rats, suggesting impairment of sperm quality in adulthood.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PMB....55..133C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PMB....55..133C"><span>FASH and MASH: female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> human phantoms based on polygon mesh surfaces: I. Development of the anatomy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cassola, V. F.; de Melo Lima, V. J.; Kramer, R.; Khoury, H. J.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Among computational models, voxel phantoms based on computer tomographic (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or colour photographic images of patients, volunteers or cadavers have become popular in recent years. Although being true to nature representations of scanned individuals, voxel phantoms have limitations, especially when walled organs have to be segmented or when volumes of organs or body tissues, like adipose, have to be changed. Additionally, the scanning of patients or volunteers is usually made in supine position, which causes a shift of internal organs towards the ribcage, a compression of the lungs and a reduction of the sagittal diameter especially in the abdominal region compared to the regular anatomy of a person in the upright position, which in turn can influence organ and tissue absorbed or equivalent dose estimates. This study applies tools developed recently in the areas of computer graphics and animated films to the creation and modelling of 3D human organs, tissues, skeletons and bodies based on polygon mesh surfaces. Female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> human phantoms, called FASH (Female <span class="hlt">Adult</span> meSH) and MASH (<span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adult</span> meSH), have been designed using software, such as MakeHuman, Blender, Binvox and ImageJ, based on anatomical atlases, observing at the same time organ masses recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for the <span class="hlt">male</span> and female reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> in report no 89. 113 organs, bones and tissues have been modelled in the FASH and the MASH phantoms representing locations for <span class="hlt">adults</span> in standing posture. Most organ and tissue masses of the voxelized versions agree with corresponding data from ICRP89 within a margin of 2.6%. Comparison with the mesh-based <span class="hlt">male</span> RPI_AM and female RPI_AF phantoms shows differences with respect to the material used, to the software and concepts applied, and to the anatomies created.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822621','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822621"><span>Variables related to tobacco use among young <span class="hlt">adults</span>: are there differences between <span class="hlt">males</span> and females?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pederson, Linda L; Koval, John J; Chan, Stella S H; Zhang, Xiaohe</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>We sought to determine the association of four categories (chunks) of variables: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) family and friends smoking and other drug use, (3) psychosocial factors and attitude, and (4) lifestyle factors to current smoking as compared to never smoking among Canadian young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A cohort of 1270 young <span class="hlt">adults</span>, followed for 10 years, completed a self-administered questionnaire. In multivariable analyses, the best final model for both genders did not include the psychosocial and attitudinal categories, but did contain variables in the demographic, family and friends, and lifestyle categories. Interventions for reducing smoking among young <span class="hlt">adults</span> may be similar for <span class="hlt">males</span> and females, a conclusion that differs from conclusions based on findings from younger age groups.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5141958','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5141958"><span>Oxytocin enhances inter-brain synchrony during social coordination in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mu, Yan; Guo, Chunyan</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Recent brain imaging research has revealed oxytocin (OT) effects on an individual's brain activity during social interaction but tells little about whether and how OT modulates the coherence of inter-brain activity related to two individuals' coordination behavior. We developed a new real-time coordination game that required two individuals of a dyad to synchronize with a partner (coordination task) or with a computer (control task) by counting in mind rhythmically. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded simultaneously from a dyad to examine OT effects on inter-brain synchrony of neural activity during interpersonal coordination. Experiment 1 found that dyads showed smaller interpersonal time lags of counting and greater inter-brain synchrony of alpha-band neural oscillations during the coordination (vs control) task and these effects were reliably observed in female but not <span class="hlt">male</span> dyads. Moreover, the increased alpha-band inter-brain synchrony predicted better interpersonal behavioral synchrony across all participants. Experiment 2, using a double blind, placebo-controlled between-subjects design, revealed that intranasal OT vs placebo administration in <span class="hlt">male</span> dyads improved interpersonal behavioral synchrony in both the coordination and control tasks but specifically enhanced alpha-band inter-brain neural oscillations during the coordination task. Our findings provide first evidence that OT enhances inter-brain synchrony in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> to facilitate social coordination. PMID:27510498</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bar&pg=6&id=EJ932734','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bar&pg=6&id=EJ932734"><span>Queering the <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Gaze: Young <span class="hlt">Male</span> Hustlers and Their Alliances with Older Gay Men</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Raible, John</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Based on ethnographic data collected at a gay bar with sexual minority youths as dancers or strippers, this study calls attention to the gazes through which <span class="hlt">adults</span> view and position <span class="hlt">male</span> youths. It highlights a dancer named Austin, who at times engaged in the underground hustling economy centered in the bar. The findings suggest that the social…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26866344','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26866344"><span>Occupational HIV Transmission Among <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Film Performers - Multiple States, 2014.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wilken, Jason A; Ried, Christopher; Rickett, Pristeen; Arno, Janet N; Mendez, Yesenia; Harrison, Robert J; Wohlfeiler, Dan; Bauer, Heidi M; Joyce, M Patricia; Switzer, William M; Heneine, Walid; Shankar, Anupama; Mark, Karen E</p> <p>2016-02-12</p> <p>In 2014, the California Department of Public Health was notified by a local health department of a diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection* and rectal gonorrhea in a <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> film industry performer, aged 25 years (patient A). Patient A had a 6-day history of rash, fever, and sore throat suggestive of acute retroviral syndrome at the time of examination. He was informed of his positive HIV and gonorrhea test results 6 days after his examination. Patient A had a negative HIV-1 RNA qualitative nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)(†) 10 days before symptom onset. This investigation found that during the 22 days between the negative NAAT and being informed of his positive HIV test results, two different production companies directed patient A to have condomless sex with a total of 12 <span class="hlt">male</span> performers. Patient A also provided contact information for five <span class="hlt">male</span> non-work-related sexual partners during the month before and after his symptom onset. Patient A had additional partners during this time period for which no locating information was provided. Neither patient A nor any of his interviewed sexual partners reported taking HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Contact tracing and phylogenetic analysis of HIV sequences amplified from pretreatment plasma revealed that a non-work-related partner likely infected patient A, and that patient A likely subsequently infected both a coworker during the second film production and a non-work-related partner during the interval between his negative test and receipt of his positive HIV results. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> film performers and production companies, medical providers, and all persons at risk for HIV should be aware that testing alone is not sufficient to prevent HIV transmission. Condom use provides additional protection from HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Performers and all persons at risk for HIV infection in their professional and personal lives should discuss the use of PrEP with their medical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818982','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818982"><span>Possible secondary population-level effects of selective harvest of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> muskoxen.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Joshua H; Gorn, Tony S</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Selective harvest regimes are often focused on <span class="hlt">males</span> resulting in skewed sex-ratios, and for many ungulate species this strategy is sustainable. However, muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are very social and mature bulls (≥4 years old), particularly prime-age bulls (6-10 years old), play important roles in predator defense and recruitment. A year-round social structure incorporating large <span class="hlt">males</span> into mixed-sex groups could make this species more susceptible to the effects of selective harvest if population composition and sex-ratios influence overall survival and reproductive success. Using detailed data collected on the muskox population occupying the Seward Peninsula, Alaska during 2002-2012, we formulated the hypothesis that the selective harvest of mature bulls may be related to documented changes in population composition and growth rates in this species. In addition, we reviewed existing published information from two other populations in Alaska, the Cape Thompson and Northeastern populations, to compare population growth rates among the three areas under differential harvest rates relative to our hypothesis. We found that on the Seward Peninsula, mature bull:<span class="hlt">adult</span> cow ratios declined 4-12%/year and short-yearling:<span class="hlt">adult</span> cow ratios (i.e., recruitment) declined 8-9%/year in the most heavily harvested areas. Growth rates in all 3 populations decreased disproportionately after increases in the number of bulls harvested, and calf:cow ratios declined in the Northeastern population as harvest increased. While lack of appropriate data prevented us from excluding other potential causes such as density dependent effects and changes in predator densities, our results did align with our hypothesis, suggesting that in the interest of conservation, harvest of mature <span class="hlt">males</span> should be restricted until causal factors can be more definitively identified. If confirmed by additional research, our findings would have important implications for harvest management and conservation of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27314864','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27314864"><span>Examining Young Recreational <span class="hlt">Male</span> Soccer Players' Experience in <span class="hlt">Adult</span>- and Peer-Led Structures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Imtiaz, Faizan; Hancock, David J; Côté, Jean</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Youth sport has the potential to be one of the healthiest and most beneficial activities in which children can partake. Participation in a combination of <span class="hlt">adult</span>-led and peer-led sport structures appears to lead to favorable outcomes such as enhanced physical fitness, as well as social and emotional development. The purpose of the present study was to examine the subjective and objective experiences of 27 recreational <span class="hlt">male</span> soccer players aged 10 to 12 years old (M = 10.11 years, SD = 0.32) across <span class="hlt">adult</span>-led and peer-led sport structures. Direct video observation and experience-rating scales were utilized in an effort to shed light on the impact of <span class="hlt">adult</span>-led and peer-led sport structures on the same athletes. In the <span class="hlt">adult</span>-led structures, youth experienced high levels of effort and concentration while spending more time physically or mentally engaged. Meanwhile, youth experienced high rates of prosocial behaviors, sport-related communication, and general communication during the peer-led structures. The results of the present study indicate that rather than one approach being superior to the other, both <span class="hlt">adult</span>- and peer-led sport structures have the potential to yield unique benefits toward children's positive experiences in sport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80634&keyword=Molecular+AND+Medicine&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80634&keyword=Molecular+AND+Medicine&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>THE EFFECTS OF HYPERTHERMIA ON SPERMATOGENESIS, APOPTOSIS, GENE EXPRESSION AND FERTILITY IN <span class="hlt">ADULT</span> <span class="hlt">MALE</span> MICE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The effects of hyperthermia on spermatogenesis, apoptosis, gene expression and fertility in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice<br>John C. Rockett1, Faye L. Mapp1, J. Brian Garges1, J. Christopher Luft1, Chisato Mori2 and David J. Dix1.<br>1Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Envir...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26298926','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26298926"><span>Cost Analysis of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Circumcision with the PrePex Device versus Surgery in Rwanda.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mutabazi, Vincent; Bitega, Jean Paul; Muyenzi Ngeruka, Leon; Nyemazi, Jean Pierre; Dain, Mary; Kaplan, Steven A; Karema, Corine; Binagwaho, Agnes</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In this study from Rwanda, voluntary <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision costs 33% less with trained nurses using the PrePex device compared with physician-nurse teams performing dorsal-slit surgery. These cost savings and the documented safety, speed, and efficacy of the PrePex procedure, serve Rwanda's HIV prevention program.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3783424','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3783424"><span>Steady as He Goes: At-Sea Movement of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Australian Sea Lions in a Dynamic Marine Environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lowther, Andrew D.; Harcourt, Robert G.; Page, Bradley; Goldsworthy, Simon D.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The southern coastline of Australia forms part of the worlds' only northern boundary current system. The Bonney Upwelling occurs every austral summer along the south-eastern South Australian coastline, a region that hosts over 80% of the worlds population of an endangered endemic otariid, the Australian sea lion. We present the first data on the movement characteristics and foraging behaviour of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Australian sea lions across their South Australian range. Synthesizing telemetric, oceanographic and isotopic datasets collected from seven individuals enabled us to characterise individual foraging behaviour over an approximate two year time period. Data suggested seasonal variability in stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes that could not be otherwise explained by changes in animal movement patterns. Similarly, animals did not change their foraging patterns despite fine-scale spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling event. Individual <span class="hlt">males</span> tended to return to the same colony at which they were tagged and utilized the same at-sea regions for foraging irrespective of oceanographic conditions or time of year. Our study contrasts current general assumptions that <span class="hlt">male</span> otariid life history strategies should result in greater dispersal, with <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Australian sea lions displaying central place foraging behaviour similar to <span class="hlt">males</span> of other otariid species in the region. PMID:24086338</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24642549','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24642549"><span>Divergent hypoxia tolerance in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females of the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>LeMoine, Christophe M R; Bucking, Carol; Craig, Paul M; Walsh, Patrick J</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In the summer, the plainfin midshipman (Poricththys notatus) migrates to reproduce in the nearshore environment, where oxygen levels are influenced by the tidal cycles. Parental <span class="hlt">males</span> establish nests under rocks in the intertidal zone, where they reside until the eggs they guard are fully developed. In contrast, females and sneaker <span class="hlt">males</span> leave the nests shortly after spawning. We examined the physiological resistance and metabolic response of parental <span class="hlt">male</span> and female <span class="hlt">adult</span> midshipman to hypoxia to test whether they exhibited sex-specific differences reflecting their reproductive strategies. Further, we assessed whether metabolic enzymes and metabolites were differentially enriched in tissues of parental <span class="hlt">males</span> and females to explain the differences observed in their hypoxia tolerance. While parental <span class="hlt">males</span> and females exhibited similar depression of their oxygen consumption in response to graded hypoxia, parental <span class="hlt">males</span> could withstand significantly longer exposures to severe hypoxic stress. At the biochemical level, parental <span class="hlt">males</span> showed higher hepatic glycogen reserves and higher glycolytic enzyme capacities in gills and skeletal muscles than females. Although some of these enzymatic variations could be explained by differences in body size, we also observed a significant effect of sex on some of these factors. These results suggest that parental <span class="hlt">male</span> midshipman may benefit from sexual dimorphism at the whole-organismal (larger body size) and biochemical (enzyme activities) levels, conferring on them a higher glycolytic potential to sustain the extensive hypoxia bouts they experience in nature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=mediator+AND+moderation&pg=2&id=EJ741185','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=mediator+AND+moderation&pg=2&id=EJ741185"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> Attachment, Perceived Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation, and Depression in Gay <span class="hlt">Males</span>: Examining the Mediation and Moderation Effects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Zakalik, Robyn A.; Wei, Meifen</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>This study examined perceived discrimination as both a mediator and moderator between <span class="hlt">adult</span> attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and levels of depression in a gay <span class="hlt">male</span> sample. Survey data were collected from 234 self-identified gay <span class="hlt">males</span> through the Internet and in person through community resources across several states. Results from structural…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80679&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=BPA&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80679&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=BPA&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES TO COMPOUNDS THAT INCREASE PROLACTIN SECRETION IN THE <span class="hlt">MALE</span> RAT: EFFECTS ON <span class="hlt">ADULT</span> PROSTATE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Prepubertal exposure to compounds that increase prolactin secretion in the <span class="hlt">male</span> rat: effects on the <span class="hlt">adult</span> prostate.<br><br>Stoker TE, Robinette CL, Britt BH, Laws SC, Cooper RL.<br><br>Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effec...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004NW.....91..242P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004NW.....91..242P"><span>Impairment of <span class="hlt">male</span> reproduction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats exposed to hydroxyprogesterone caproate in utero</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pushpalatha, T.; Ramachandra Reddy, P.; Sreenivasula Reddy, P.</p> <p></p> <p>Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is one of the most effective and widely used drugs for the treatment of uterine bleeding and threatened miscarriage in women. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate was administered to pregnant rats in order to assess the effect of intraperitoneal exposure to supranormal levels of hydroxyprogesterone caproate on the <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive potential in the first generation. The cauda epididymal sperm count and motility decreased significantly in rats exposed to hydroxyprogesterone caproate during embryonic development, when compared with control rats. The levels of serum testosterone decreased with an increase in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats exposed to hydroxyprogesterone caproate during the embryonic stage. It was suggested that the impairment of <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive performance could be mediated through the inhibition of testosterone production.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27632822','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27632822"><span>Eccentric Exercises Reduce Hamstring Strains in Elite <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Soccer Players: A Critically Appraised Topic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shadle, Ian B; Cacolice, Paul A</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Clinical Scenario: Hamstring strains are a common sport-related injury, which may limit athletic performance for an extended period of time. These injuries are common in the soccer setting. As such, it is important to determine an appropriate prevention program to minimize the risk of such an injury for these athletes. Eccentric hamstring training may be an effective and practical hamstring strain prevention strategy. What is the effect of eccentric exercises on hamstring strain prevention in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> soccer players? Summary of Key Findings: Current literature was searched for studies of level 2 evidence or higher that investigated the effect of eccentric exercises in preventing hamstring strains in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> soccer players. Three articles returned from the literature search met the inclusion criteria. A fourth article looked at differences in strength gains between eccentric and concentric hamstring strengthening exercises, but did not record hamstring strain incidence. A fifth article, a systematic review, met all the criteria except for the correct population. Of the 3 studies, 2 were randomized control trails and 1 was a cohort study. Clinical Bottom Line: There is robust supportive evidence that eccentric hamstring exercises can prevent a hamstring injury to an elite <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> soccer player. Therefore, it is recommended that athletic trainers and other sports medicine providers evaluate current practices relating to reducing hamstring strains and consider implementing eccentric exercise based prevention programs. Strength of Recommendation: All evidence was attained from articles with a level of evidence 2b or higher, based on the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) criteria, stating that eccentric exercises can decrease hamstring strains.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687148','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687148"><span>On Hokusai's Great wave off Kanagawa: localization, linearity and a rogue wave in <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> waters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dudley, J M; Sarano, V; Dias, F</p> <p>2013-06-20</p> <p>The Hokusai woodcut entitled The great wave off Kanagawa has been interpreted as an unusually large storm wave, likely to be classed as a rogue wave, and possibly generated from nonlinear wave dynamics (J. H. E. Cartwright and H. Nakamura, Notes Rec. R. Soc. 63 , 119-135 (2009)). In this paper, we present a complementary discussion of this hypothesis, discussing in particular how linear and nonlinear mechanisms can both contribute to the emergence of rogue wave events. By making reference to the Great wave 's simultaneous transverse and longitudinal localization, we show that the purely linear mechanism of directional focusing also predicts characteristics consistent with those of the Great wave . In addition, we discuss the properties of a particular rogue wave photographed on the open ocean in <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> waters, which shows two-dimensional localization and breaking dynamics remarkably similar to Hokusai's depiction in the woodcut.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3645210','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3645210"><span>On Hokusai's Great wave off Kanagawa: localization, linearity and a rogue wave in <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dudley, J. M.; Sarano, V.; Dias, F.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The Hokusai woodcut entitled The great wave off Kanagawa has been interpreted as an unusually large storm wave, likely to be classed as a rogue wave, and possibly generated from nonlinear wave dynamics (J. H. E. Cartwright and H. Nakamura, Notes Rec. R. Soc. 63, 119–135 (2009)). In this paper, we present a complementary discussion of this hypothesis, discussing in particular how linear and nonlinear mechanisms can both contribute to the emergence of rogue wave events. By making reference to the Great wave's simultaneous transverse and longitudinal localization, we show that the purely linear mechanism of directional focusing also predicts characteristics consistent with those of the Great wave. In addition, we discuss the properties of a particular rogue wave photographed on the open ocean in <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> waters, which shows two-dimensional localization and breaking dynamics remarkably similar to Hokusai's depiction in the woodcut. PMID:24687148</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=BDI&pg=5&id=EJ873715','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=BDI&pg=5&id=EJ873715"><span>Asperger Syndrome in Adolescent and Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>. Interview, Self- and Parent Assessment of Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Problems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Cederlund, Mats; Hagberg, Bibbi; Gillberg, Christopher</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Descriptive and comparative follow-up studies of young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with Asperger syndrome (AS) diagnosed in childhood, using both interview, self- and parent assessment instruments for the study of aspects of emotional well-being, social functioning, and cognitive-practical skills have not been performed in the past. One-hundred <span class="hlt">males</span> with AS…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495794.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495794.pdf"><span>Serious Psychological Distress and Substance Use among Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>. The NSDUH Report. Issue 3</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2006</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) includes questions to assess serious psychological distress (SPD) and substance use. SPD is an overall indicator of nonspecific psychological distress. This report examines serious psychological distress and substance use among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> aged 18 to 25, a relatively understudied group with…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494172','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494172"><span>Impaired acclimatization to chronic hypoxia in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats following neonatal hypoxia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lumbroso, Delphine; Joseph, Vincent</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>We tested the hypothesis that neonatal exposure to hypoxia alters acclimatization to chronic hypoxia later in life. Rat pups were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (12% O(2); nHx group) in a sealed chamber, or to normoxia (21% O(2); nNx group) from the day before birth to postnatal day 10. The animals were then raised in normal conditions until reaching 12 wk of age. At this age, we assessed ventilatory and hematological acclimatization to chronic hypoxia by exposing <span class="hlt">male</span> and female nHx and nNx rats for 2 wk to 10% O(2). Minute ventilation, metabolic rate, hypoxic ventilatory response, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were measured both before and after acclimatization. We also quantified right ventricular hypertrophy as an index of pulmonary hypertension both before and after acclimatization. There was a significant effect of neonatal hypoxia that decreases ventilatory response (relative to metabolic rate, VE/VCO(2)) to acute hypoxia before acclimatization in <span class="hlt">males</span> but not in females. nHx rats had an impaired acclimatization to chronic hypoxia characterized by altered respiratory pattern and elevated hematocrit and hemoglobin levels after acclimatization, in both <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. Right ventricular hypertrophy was present before and after acclimatization in nHx rats, indicating that neonatal hypoxia results in pulmonary hypertension in <span class="hlt">adults</span>. We conclude that neonatal hypoxia impairs acclimatization to chronic hypoxia in <span class="hlt">adults</span> and may be a factor contributing to the establishment of chronic mountain sickness in humans living at high altitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949734','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949734"><span>Prenatal Stress Disrupts Social Behavior, Cortical Neurobiology and Commensal Microbes in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Offspring.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gur, Tamar L; Palkar, Aditi Vadodkar; Rajasekera, Therese; Allen, Jacob; Niraula, Anzela; Godbout, Jonathan; Bailey, Michael T</p> <p>2018-06-24</p> <p>In utero and early neonatal exposure to maternal stress is linked with psychiatric disorders, and the underlying mechanisms are currently being elucidated. We used a prenatal stressor in pregnant mice to examine novel relationships between prenatal stress exposure, changes in the gut microbiome, and social behavior. Here, we show that <span class="hlt">males</span> exposed to prenatal stress had a significant reduction in social behavior in adulthood, with increased corticosterone release following social interaction. <span class="hlt">Male</span> offspring exposed to prenatal stress also had neuroinflammation, decreased oxytocin receptor, and decreased serotonin metabolism in their cortex in adulthood, which are linked to decreased social behavior. Finally, we found a significant difference in commensal microbes, including decreases in Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring exposed to prenatal stress when compared to non-stressed controls. Our findings indicate that gestation is a critical window where maternal stress contributes to the development of aberrant social behaviors and alterations in cortical neurobiology, and that prenatal stress is sufficient to disrupt the <span class="hlt">male</span> gut-brain axis into adulthood. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19776248','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19776248"><span>Physiological response to extreme fasting in <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups: metabolic rates, energy reserve utilization, and water fluxes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Verrier, Delphine; Groscolas, René; Guinet, Christophe; Arnould, John P Y</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>Surviving prolonged fasting requires various metabolic adaptations, such as energy and protein sparing, notably when animals are simultaneously engaged in energy-demanding processes such as growth. Due to the intermittent pattern of maternal attendance, <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> fur seal pups have to repeatedly endure exceptionally long fasting episodes throughout the 10-mo rearing period while preparing for nutritional independence. Their metabolic responses to natural prolonged fasting (33.4 +/- 3.3 days) were investigated at 7 mo of age. Within 4-6 fasting days, pups shifted into a stage of metabolic economy characterized by a minimal rate of body mass loss (0.7%/day) and decreased resting metabolic rate (5.9 +/- 0.1 ml O(2)xkg(-1)xday(-1)) that was only 10% above the level predicted for <span class="hlt">adult</span> terrestrial mammals. Field metabolic rate (289 +/- 10 kJxkg(-1)xday(-1)) and water influx (7.9 +/- 0.9 mlxkg(-1)xday(-1)) were also among the lowest reported for any young otariid, suggesting minimized energy allocation to behavioral activity and thermoregulation. Furthermore, lean tissue degradation was dramatically reduced. High initial adiposity (>48%) and predominant reliance on lipid catabolism likely contributed to the exceptional degree of protein sparing attained. Blood chemistry supported these findings and suggested utilization of alternative fuels, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate and de novo synthesized glucose from fat-released glycerol. Regardless of sex and body condition, pups tended to adopt a convergent strategy of extreme energy and lean body mass conservation that appears highly adaptive for it allows some tissue growth during the repeated episodes of prolonged fasting they experience throughout their development.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510498','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510498"><span>Oxytocin enhances inter-brain synchrony during social coordination in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mu, Yan; Guo, Chunyan; Han, Shihui</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Recent brain imaging research has revealed oxytocin (OT) effects on an individual's brain activity during social interaction but tells little about whether and how OT modulates the coherence of inter-brain activity related to two individuals' coordination behavior. We developed a new real-time coordination game that required two individuals of a dyad to synchronize with a partner (coordination task) or with a computer (control task) by counting in mind rhythmically. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded simultaneously from a dyad to examine OT effects on inter-brain synchrony of neural activity during interpersonal coordination. Experiment 1 found that dyads showed smaller interpersonal time lags of counting and greater inter-brain synchrony of alpha-band neural oscillations during the coordination (vs control) task and these effects were reliably observed in female but not <span class="hlt">male</span> dyads. Moreover, the increased alpha-band inter-brain synchrony predicted better interpersonal behavioral synchrony across all participants. Experiment 2, using a double blind, placebo-controlled between-subjects design, revealed that intranasal OT vs placebo administration in <span class="hlt">male</span> dyads improved interpersonal behavioral synchrony in both the coordination and control tasks but specifically enhanced alpha-band inter-brain neural oscillations during the coordination task. Our findings provide first evidence that OT enhances inter-brain synchrony in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> to facilitate social coordination. © The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21645557','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21645557"><span>Does prenatal methamphetamine exposure affect the drug-seeking behavior of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Slamberová, Romana; Schutová, Barbora; Hrubá, Lenka; Pometlová, Marie</p> <p>2011-10-10</p> <p>Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most frequently used illicit drugs worldwide and also one of the most common drugs abused by pregnant women. Repeated administration of psychostimulants induces behavioral sensitization in response to treatment of the same or related drugs in rodents. The effect of prenatal MA exposure on sensitivity to drugs in adulthood is not yet fully determined. Because our most recent studies demonstrated that prenatal MA (5mg/kg) exposure makes <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats more sensitive to acute injection of the same drug, we were interested whether the increased sensitivity corresponds with the increased drug-seeking behavior. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of prenatal MA exposure on drug-seeking behavior of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats tested in the conditioned place preference (CPP). The following psychostimulant drugs were used as a challenge in adulthood: MA (5mg/kg), amphetamine (5mg/kg) and cocaine (10mg/kg). All psychostimulant drugs induced increased drug-seeking behavior in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. However, while MA and amphetamine-induced increase in drug-seeking behavior did not differ based on the prenatal drug exposure, prenatally MA-exposed rats displayed tolerance effect to cocaine in adulthood. In addition, prenatally MA-exposed rats had decreased weight gain after administration of MA or amphetamine, while the weight of prenatally MA-exposed rats stayed unchanged after cocaine administration. Defecation was increased by all the drugs (MA, amphetamine and cocaine), while only amphetamine increased the tail temperature. In conclusion, our results did not confirm our hypothesis that prenatal MA exposure increases drug-seeking behavior in adulthood in the CPP test. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5524477','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5524477"><span>Gestational Protein Restriction Increases Cardiac Connexin 43 mRNA levels in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> rat offspring</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rossini, Kamila Fernanda; de Oliveira, Camila Andrea; Rebelato, Hércules Jonas; Esquisatto, Marcelo Augusto Marreto; Catisti, Rosana</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Background The dietary limitation during pregnancy influences the growth and development of the fetus and offspring and their health into <span class="hlt">adult</span> life. The mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of gestational protein restriction (GPR) in the development of the offspring hearts are not well understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GPR on cardiac structure in <span class="hlt">male</span> rat offspring at day 60 after birth (d60). Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a normal-protein (NP, 17% casein) or low-protein (LP, 6% casein) diet. Blood pressure (BP) values from 60-day-old <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring were measured by an indirect tail-cuff method using an electro sphygmomanometer. Hearts (d60) were collected for assessment of connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA expression and morphological and morphometric analysis. Results LP offspring showed no difference in body weight, although they were born lighter than NP offspring. BP levels were significantly higher in the LP group. We observed a significant increase in the area occupied by collagen fibers, a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes by 104 µm2, and an increase in cardiomyocyte area associated with an increased Cx43 expression. Conclusion GPR changes myocardial levels of Cx43 mRNA in <span class="hlt">male</span> young <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats, suggesting that this mechanism aims to compensate the fibrotic process by the accumulation of collagen fibers in the heart interstitium. PMID:28678925</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29668952','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29668952"><span>Terminalia Larval Host Fruit Reduces the Response of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) <span class="hlt">Adults</span> to the <span class="hlt">Male</span> Lure Methyl Eugenol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Manoukis, N C; Cha, D H; Collignon, R M; Shelly, T E</p> <p>2018-04-12</p> <p>Methyl eugenol (ME) is a powerful semiochemical attractant to <span class="hlt">males</span> of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and is the keystone of detection, control, and eradication programs against this polyphagous and highly invasive tephritid pest. Despite its status as a model lure against B. dorsalis, variation among individuals in their attraction is known, independent of the generally increasing attraction with age and decreases with previous exposure. Here we report that <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> B. dorsalis that fed on Terminalia catappa L. (Myrtales: Combretaceae) (tropical almond) fruit as larvae have a significantly lower behavioral response to ME compared with wild <span class="hlt">males</span> from Psidium guajava L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) or colony-reared <span class="hlt">males</span> raised on artificial larval diet. F1 <span class="hlt">males</span> from the tropical almond stock reared on artificial larval diet did not show reduced attraction to ME, suggesting that the lowered response of parental <span class="hlt">males</span> (sires) results from the host fruit itself, perhaps its relatively high amount of ME. Experiments with ME added to artificial diet lend some support to this interpretation. In addition to the results above, we report on quantities of ME in three different host fruits (T. catappa, P. guajava, and Carica papaya L. (Brassicales: Caricaceae)) of B. dorsalis. This study indicates the need for further research on the effect of host fruit on <span class="hlt">adult</span> response to lures in economically important tephritids.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JQS....15..101H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JQS....15..101H"><span>Deglacial palaeoclimate at Puerto del Hambre, <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Patagonia, Chile</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Heusser, Calvin J.; Heusser, Linda E.; Lowell, Thomas V.; Moreira M., Andrés; Moreira M., Simón</p> <p>2000-02-01</p> <p>The primary objective of this study is to further substantiate multistep climatic forcing of late-glacial vegetation in southern South America. A secondary objective is to establish the age of deglaciation in Estrecho de Magallanes-Bahía Inútil. Pollen assemblages at 2-cm intervals in a core of the mire at Puerto del Hambre (53°3621S, 70°5553W) provide the basis for reconstructing the vegetation and a detailed account of palaeoclimate in <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Patagonia. Chronology over the 262-cm length of core is regulated by 20 AMS radiocarbon dates between 14 455 and 10 089 14C yr BP. Of 13 pollen assemblage zones, the earliest representing the Oldest Dryas chronozone (14 455-13 000 14C yr BP) records impoverished steppe with decreasing frequencies and loss of southern beech (Nothofagus). Successive 100-yr-long episodes of grass/herbs and of heath (Empetrum/Ericaceae) before 14 000 14C yr BP infer deglacial successional communities under a climate of increased continentality prior to the establishment of grass-dominated steppe. The Bølling-Allerød (13 000-11 000 14C yr BP) is characterised by mesic grassland under moderating climate that with abrupt change to heath dominance after 12 000 14C yr BP was warmer and not as humid. At the time of the Younger Dryas (11 000-10 000 14C yr BP), grass steppe expanded with a return of colder, more humid climate. Later, with gradual warming, communities were invaded by southern beech. The Puerto del Hambre record parallels multistep, deglacial palaeoclimatic sequences reported elsewhere in the Southern Andes and at Taylor Dome in Antarctica. Deglaciation of Estrecho de Magallanes-Bahía Inútil is dated close to 14 455 14C yr BP, invalidating earlier dates of between 15 800 and 16 590 14C yr BP.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5357866','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5357866"><span>Major advance of South Georgia glaciers during the Antarctic Cold Reversal following extensive <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> glaciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Graham, Alastair G. C.; Kuhn, Gerhard; Meisel, Ove; Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter; Hodgson, Dominic A.; Ehrmann, Werner; Wacker, Lukas; Wintersteller, Paul; dos Santos Ferreira, Christian; Römer, Miriam; White, Duanne; Bohrmann, Gerhard</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The history of glaciations on Southern Hemisphere sub-polar islands is unclear. Debate surrounds the extent and timing of the last glacial advance and termination on <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> South Georgia in particular. Here, using sea-floor geophysical data and marine sediment cores, we resolve the record of glaciation offshore of South Georgia through the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene. We show a sea-bed landform imprint of a shelf-wide last glacial advance and progressive deglaciation. Renewed glacier resurgence in the fjords between c. 15,170 and 13,340 yr ago coincided with a period of cooler, wetter climate known as the Antarctic Cold Reversal, revealing a cryospheric response to an Antarctic climate pattern extending into the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. We conclude that the last glaciation of South Georgia was extensive, and the sensitivity of its glaciers to climate variability during the last termination more significant than implied by previous studies. PMID:28303885</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AcO....36..299H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AcO....36..299H"><span>Contrasting nurse plants and nurse rocks: The spatial distribution of seedlings of two <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> species</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haussmann, N. S.; McGeoch, M. A.; Boelhouwers, J. C.</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Positive plant interactions, such as those associated with nurse plants, have been suggested to dominate over negative interactions in environments with high abiotic stress. Here we demonstrate that the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> cushion plant species, Azorella selago (Apiaceae), positively affects the distribution of both its own seedlings and those of the perennial grass, Agrostis magellanica (Poaceae). As a result of the light weight and small size of seeds of both species, coupled with strong winds experienced in the study area, we consider it unlikely that these patterns are the result of very localized seed dispersal from the study cushions themselves. Instead, we suggest that both cushions and rocks act as seed traps, trapping seeds dispersed by wind, runoff and/or downslope sediment transport through frost creep. In addition, increased A. selago seedling numbers around cushions, but not around rocks, suggest that cushions provide a biological nurse effect, such as improving soil nutrient status or providing mychorrizae, to seedlings of their own kind.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CliPa..13.1301B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CliPa..13.1301B"><span>Late Holocene intensification of the westerly winds at the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Auckland Islands (51° S), New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Browne, Imogen M.; Moy, Christopher M.; Riesselman, Christina R.; Neil, Helen L.; Curtin, Lorelei G.; Gorman, Andrew R.; Wilson, Gary S.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHWWs) play a major role in controlling wind-driven upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and outgassing of CO2 in the Southern Ocean, on interannual to glacial-interglacial timescales. Despite their significance in the global carbon cycle, our understanding of millennial- and centennial-scale changes in the strength and latitudinal position of the westerlies during the Holocene (especially since 5000 yr BP) is limited by a scarcity of palaeoclimate records from comparable latitudes. Here, we reconstruct middle to late Holocene SHWW variability using a fjord sediment core collected from the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Auckland Islands (51° S, 166° E), located in the modern centre of the westerly wind belt. Changes in drainage basin response to variability in the strength of the SHWW at this latitude are interpreted from downcore variations in magnetic susceptibility (MS) and bulk organic δ13C and atomic C / N, which monitor influxes of lithogenous and terrestrial vs. marine organic matter, respectively. The fjord water column response to SHWW variability is evaluated using benthic foraminifer δ18O and δ13C, both of which are influenced by the isotopic composition of shelf water masses entering the fjord. Using these data, we provide marine and terrestrial-based evidence for increased wind strength from ˜ 1600 to 900 yr BP at <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> latitudes that is broadly consistent with previous studies of climate-driven vegetation change at the Auckland Islands. Comparison with a SHWW reconstruction using similar proxies from Fiordland suggests a northward migration of the SHWW over New Zealand during the first half of the last millennium. Comparison with palaeoclimate and palaeoceanographic records from southern South America and West Antarctica indicates a late Holocene strengthening of the SHWW after ˜ 1600 yr BP that appears to be broadly symmetrical across the Pacific Basin. Contemporaneous increases in SHWW at localities on either</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=incest&pg=4&id=EJ455453','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=incest&pg=4&id=EJ455453"><span>The Remodeling Process: A Grounded Theory Study of Perceptions of Treatment among <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Incest Offenders.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Scheela, Rochelle A.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Conducted grounded theory study to explore incest offender perceptions of treatment to generate explanatory theory of sexual abuse treatment process. Findings from theoretical sampling of 20 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> incest offenders revealed that offenders felt remodeling process occurred as they faced discovery of their abuse and went through treatment.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3774433','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3774433"><span>Sun Protection Preferences and Behaviors among Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> during Maximum Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Activities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wickenheiser, Marilyn; Baker, Mary Kate; Gaber, Rikki; Blatt, Hanz; Robinson, June K.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This study explores sun protection attitudes, preferences, and behaviors among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> participating in an open-field activity with extreme ultraviolet radiation exposure. <span class="hlt">Male</span> drum corps members (n = 137) responded to survey questions regarding their behavior and willingness to engage in sun protection and barriers to sunscreen usage. A subset of members (n = 31) participated in cognitive interviews exploring various sunscreen products and intervention techniques. Participants were knowledgeable about health risks and protection benefits regarding sun exposure. Generally, <span class="hlt">males</span> had positive attitudes and normative beliefs about using sunscreen. A barrier to sunscreen re-application was lack of adequate time to reapply sunscreen during the open field activity. <span class="hlt">Males</span> preferred a towelette application method, but were unfamiliar with its efficacy and proper use. Thus, they were more likely to use the more familiar sunscreen spray. To increase sun protection behaviors and lower skin cancer risk for <span class="hlt">males</span> participating in open-field activities, breaks must be allotted every 2 h and have sufficient time to allow sunscreen application. Future development and research into delivery systems that rapidly and evenly apply sunscreen may help lower exposure in this population. PMID:23912201</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786865','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786865"><span>Urethral calculi in young-<span class="hlt">adult</span> Nigerian <span class="hlt">males</span>: a case series.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gali, B M; Ali, N; Agbese, G O; Garba, I I; Musa, K</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Urethral calculi are rare and usually encountered in <span class="hlt">males</span> with urethral pathology. To present our experience managing urethral calculi in a resource limited centre and review the literature. We did a chart review of management of patients with urethral calculi between January and April 2009, at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Azare, Nigeria. We also reviewed the literature on this rare condition. Four young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Nigerians between the ages of 17 and 27 years presented with varying degrees of urethral pain and palpable calculi in the anterior urethra. Two presented with acute retention of urine, but none had haematuria. The calculi were radio-opaque, located in the anterior urethra with no associated urethral pathology. Three were solitary and one multiple. The composition of the urethral calculi was a mixture of calcium oxalate calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, one has additional cystine but none had struvite or uric acid. Their sizes ranged between 1cm ×1.5cm and 1.5cm × 5.5cm. External urethrotomy was the method of treatment. Urethral calculi are rare in our setting, with no clear identifiable aetiological factors which suggests urinary schistosomiasisbeing associsted. The occurrence of urethral calculi appears to have a relationship with childhood urinary schistosomasis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27659038','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27659038"><span>Female <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Aedes albopictus Suppression by Wolbachia-Infected <span class="hlt">Male</span> Mosquitoes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mains, James W; Brelsfoard, Corey L; Rose, Robert I; Dobson, Stephen L</p> <p>2016-09-23</p> <p>Dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses are pathogens with an increasing global impact. In the absence of an approved vaccine or therapy, their management relies on controlling the mosquito vectors. But traditional controls are inadequate, and the range of invasive species such as Aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger Mosquito) is expanding. Genetically modified mosquitoes are being tested, but their use has encountered regulatory barriers and public opposition in some countries. Wolbachia bacteria can cause a form of conditional sterility, which can provide an alternative to genetic modification or irradiation. It is unknown however, whether openly released, artificially infected <span class="hlt">male</span> Ae. albopictus can competitively mate and sterilize females at a level adequate to suppress a field population. Also, the unintended establishment of Wolbachia at the introduction site could result from horizontal transmission or inadvertent female release. In 2014, an Experimental Use Permit from the United States Environmental Protection Agency approved a pilot field trial in Lexington, Kentucky, USA. Here, we present data showing localized reduction of both egg hatch and <span class="hlt">adult</span> female numbers. The artificial Wolbachia type was not observed to establish in the field. The results are discussed in relation to the applied use of Wolbachia-infected <span class="hlt">males</span> as a biopesticide to suppress field populations of Ae. albopictus.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566793','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566793"><span>Ultrasonic vocalizations of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Foxp2-mutant mice: behavioral contexts of arousal and emotion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gaub, S; Fisher, S E; Ehret, G</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adult</span> mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) occur in multiple behavioral and stimulus contexts associated with various levels of arousal, emotion and social interaction. Here, in three experiments of increasing stimulus intensity (water; female urine; <span class="hlt">male</span> interacting with <span class="hlt">adult</span> female), we tested the hypothesis that USVs of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> express the strength of arousal and emotion via different USV parameters (18 parameters analyzed). Furthermore, we analyzed two mouse lines with heterozygous Foxp2 mutations (R552H missense, S321X nonsense), known to produce severe speech and language disorders in humans. These experiments allowed us to test whether intact Foxp2 function is necessary for developing full <span class="hlt">adult</span> USV repertoires, and whether mutations of this gene influence instinctive vocal expressions based on arousal and emotion. The results suggest that USV calling rate characterizes the arousal level, while sound pressure and spectrotemporal call complexity (overtones/harmonics, type of frequency jumps) may provide indices of levels of positive emotion. The presence of Foxp2 mutations did not qualitatively affect the USVs; all USV types that were found in wild-type animals also occurred in heterozygous mutants. However, mice with Foxp2 mutations displayed quantitative differences in USVs as compared to wild-types, and these changes were context dependent. Compared to wild-type animals, heterozygous mutants emitted mainly longer and louder USVs at higher minimum frequencies with a higher occurrence rate of overtones/harmonics and complex frequency jump types. We discuss possible hypotheses about Foxp2 influence on emotional vocal expressions, which can be investigated in future experiments using selective knockdown of Foxp2 in specific brain circuits. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPC14C2085A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPC14C2085A"><span>Observed Temporal and Spatial Variability in the Marine Environment at the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Prince Edward Islands - Evidence of a Changing Climate?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Asdar, S.; Deshayes, J.; Ansorge, I. J.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Prince Edward Islands (PEI) (47°S,38°E) are classified as isolated, hostile, impoverished regions, in which the terrestrial and marine ecosystems are relatively simple and extremely sensitive to perturbations. Their location between the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Front (SAF) and the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), bordering the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) provides an ideal natural laboratory for studying how organisms, ecological processes and ecosystems respond to a changing ocean climate in the Southern Ocean. Recent studies have proposed that climate changes reported at the PEI may correspond in time to a southward shift of the ACC and in particular of the SAF. This southward migration in the geographic position is likely to coincide with dramatic changes in the distribution of species and total productivity of this region. This study focuses on the inter-comparison of observations available at these islands. Using spectral analysis which is a study of the frequency domain characteristics of a process, we first determine the dominant characteristics of both the temporal and spatial variability of physical and biogeochemical properties. In doing so the authors are able to determine whether and how these indices of variability interact with one another in order to understand better the mechanisms underpinning this variability, i.e. the seasonal zonal migrations associated with the SAF. Additionally, we include in our analysis recent data from 2 ADCP moorings deployed between the islands from 2014 to 2015. These in-situ observations of circulation and hydrography in the vicinity of the islands provide a unique opportunity to establish a better understanding of how large scale climatic variability may impact local conditions, and more importantly its influence on the fragile ecosystem surrounding the PEI.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18159982','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18159982"><span>Chinese and Vietnamese <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> smokers' perspectives regarding facilitators of tobacco cessation behavior.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spigner, Clarence; Yip, Mei-Po; Huang, Bu; Tu, Shin Ping</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>National surveys show a low prevalence of tobacco cigarette smoking within the Asian American/Pacific Islander population. However, smoking rates loom higher when data is disaggregated by ethnicity and gender. Nevertheless, few data are available on how smokers in this population quit smoking. The aim of this study was to collect first-hand perspectives from <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Chinese and Vietnamese current and former smokers who were patients at a community clinic in Seattle, Washington, in order to understand the facilitators toward smoking cessation and the methods that they might use to quit smoking. A telephone survey was administered to age-eligible <span class="hlt">male</span> Chinese and Vietnamese clinic patients who were current or former smokers. A total of 196 Chinese and 198 Vietnamese (N=394) <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> current and former smokers were contacted from a pool culled from the clinic database. Descriptive analysis using SPSS software revealed ethnicity-specific differences between current and former smokers regarding influences on smoking cessation behavior as well as uptake and endorsement of cessation methods. Family encouragement and physician recommendations were significant facilitators on the cessation process. Will power and self-determination were frequently mentioned by both Vietnamese and Chinese smokers as helpful methods to quit smoking. Vietnamese smokers were more resourceful than Chinese smokers in their use of smoking cessation methods. Even with access to cessation classes at a health clinic, half of current smokers indicated that they had no intention to quit. Such attitudes underscore the need for promotion of effective smoking cessation programs as well as successful strategies for reaching smokers. These conclusions are particularly important for Chinese smokers, who were comparatively less resourceful in their use of smoking cessation methods. Future studies should explore integrating the concept of will power with current mainstream state-of-the-art smoking</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24367536','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24367536"><span>Gene flow and hybridization between numerically imbalanced populations of two duck species on the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> island of South Georgia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McCracken, Kevin G; Wilson, Robert E; Martin, Anthony R</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Hybridization is common between species of animals, particularly in waterfowl (Anatidae). One factor shown to promote hybridization is restricted mate choice, which can occur when 2 species occur in sympatry but one is rare. According to the Hubbs principle, or "desperation hypothesis," the rarer species is more likely to mate with heterospecifics. We report the second of 2 independent examples of hybridization between 2 species of ducks inhabiting island ecosystems in the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> and South Atlantic Ocean. Yellow-billed pintails (Anas georgica) and speckled teal (Anas flavirostris) are abundant in continental South America, where they are sympatric and coexist in mixed flocks. But on South Georgia, an isolated island in the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span>, the pintail population of approximately 6000 pairs outnumbers a small breeding population of speckled teal 300∶1. Using 6 genetic loci (mtDNA and 5 nuclear introns) and Bayesian assignment tests coupled with coalescent analyses, we identified hybrid-origin speckled teal alleles in 2 pintails on South Georgia. While it is unclear whether introgression has also occurred into the speckled teal population, our data suggest that this hybridization was not a recent event, but occurred some time ago. We also failed to identify unequivocal evidence of introgression in a much larger sample of pintails and speckled teal from Argentina using a 3-population "Isolation-with-Migration" coalescent analysis. Combined with parallel findings of hybridization between these same 2 duck species in the Falkland Islands, where population ratios are reversed and pintails are outnumbered by speckled teal 1:10, our results provide further support for the desperation hypothesis, which predicts that scarcity in one population and abundance of another will often lead to hybridization. While the South Georgia pintail population appears to be thriving, it's possible that low density of conspecific mates and inverse density dependence (Allee effect) may be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=kaufman&pg=6&id=EJ876723','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=kaufman&pg=6&id=EJ876723"><span>Factor Structure Invariance of the Kaufman Adolescent and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Intelligence Test across <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female Samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Immekus, Jason C.; Maller, Susan J.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Multisample confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) and latent mean structures analysis (LMS) were used to test measurement invariance and latent mean differences on the Kaufman Adolescent and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Intelligence Scale[TM] (KAIT) across <span class="hlt">males</span> and females in the standardization sample. MCFA found that the parameters of the KAIT two-factor model were…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JMS....78..547K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JMS....78..547K"><span>Ichthyoplankton in the neritic and coastal zone of Antarctica and <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> islands: A review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Koubbi, Philippe; Duhamel, Guy; Hecq, Jean-Henri; Beans, Cristina; Loots, Christophe; Pruvost, Patrice; Tavernier, Eric; Vacchi, Marino; Vallet, Carole</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>Since the article published by Loeb et al. [Loeb, V.J., Kellermann, A., Koubbi, P., North, A.W., White, M., 1993. Antarctic larval fish assemblages: a review. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53(2), 416-449.] about Antarctic ichthyoplankton, many surveys were carried out in different sectors of the Southern Ocean focusing on different aspects of the ecology of fish larvae. Some of these researches were conducted in the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Kerguelen Islands and others on the continental shelf off Terre Adélie and Georges V land. Oceanographic and geographic features influence fish larvae ecology such as island mass effects, gyres, canyons. Antarctic fishes show also temporal segregation of spawning which induces temporal succession of early stage larvae. This avoids competition and probably the predation on early stages for species having few recruits. In that case, we have to understand how these larvae can deal with the match-mismatch with their preys and how they find sufficient food to survive. But our knowledge on Antarctic fish larvae is still insufficient as we do not know larvae for quite a lot of species and because of the difficulty to sample during winter.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3547165','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3547165"><span>Attenuated effects of experimenter-administered heroin in adolescent vs. <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats: physical withdrawal and locomotor sensitization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Doherty, James M.; Frantz, Kyle J.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Objectives Early onset of heroin use during adolescence might increase chances of later drug addiction. Prior work from our laboratory suggests, however, that adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> rats are actually less sensitive than <span class="hlt">adults</span> to some enduring effects of heroin self-administration. In the present study, we tested two likely correlates of sensitivity to behavioral reinforcement in rats: physical withdrawal and locomotor sensitization. Methods Adolescent (35 days old at start) and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (79 days old) <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague-Dawley rats were administered escalating doses of heroin, increasing from 1.0 to 8.0 mg/kg (i.p.) every 12 hr, across 13 days. Somatic signs of spontaneous withdrawal were scored 12 and 24 hr after the last injection, then every 24 hr for 5 days; locomotion was recorded concurrently. Challenge injections of heroin (1 mg/kg i.p.) were given at 4 points: as the first of the escalating doses (day 1), at days 7 and 13 during the escalating regimen, and after 12 days of forced abstinence. Body mass and food intake were measured throughout experimentation. Results A heroin withdrawal syndrome was not observed among adolescents as it was among <span class="hlt">adults</span>, including somatic signs as well as reduced locomotion, body mass, and food intake. On the other hand, heroin-induced locomotor sensitization did not differ across ages. Conclusion Reduced withdrawal is consistent with the attenuated reinforcing effects of heroin among adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> rats that we reported previously. Thus, it is possible that adolescent rats could reveal important neuroprotective factors for use in treatment of heroin dependence. PMID:22941050</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26872999','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26872999"><span>Effects of maternal stress and perinatal fluoxetine exposure on behavioral outcomes of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kiryanova, V; Meunier, S J; Vecchiarelli, H A; Hill, M N; Dyck, R H</p> <p>2016-04-21</p> <p>Women of child-bearing age are the population group at highest risk for depression. In pregnant women, fluoxetine (Flx) is the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used for the treatment of depression. While maternal stress, depression, and Flx exposure have been shown to effect neurodevelopment of the offspring, separately, combined effects of maternal stress and Flx exposure have not been extensively examined. The present study investigated the effects of prenatal maternal stress and perinatal exposure to the SSRI Flx on the behavior of <span class="hlt">male</span> mice as <span class="hlt">adults</span>. C57BL/6 dams exposed to chronic unpredictable stress from embryonic (E) day 4 to E18 and non-stressed dams were administered Flx (25 mg/kg/d) in the drinking water from E15 to postnatal day 12. A separate control group consisted of animals that were not exposed to stress or Flx. At 12 days of age, brain levels of serotonin were assessed in the <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. At two months of age, the <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring of mothers exposed to prenatal stress (PS), perinatal Flx, PS and Flx, or neither PS or Flx, went through a comprehensive behavioral test battery. At the end of testing brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed in the frontal cortex of the offspring. Maternal behavior was not altered by either stress or Flx treatment. Treatment of the mother with Flx led to detectible Flx and NorFlx levels and lead to a decrease in serotonin levels in pup brains. In the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring, while perinatal exposure to Flx increased aggressive behavior, prenatal maternal stress decreased aggressive behavior. Interestingly, the combined effects of stress and Flx normalized aggressive behavior. Furthermore, perinatal Flx treatment led to a decrease in anxiety-like behavior in <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. PS led to hyperactivity and a decrease in BDNF levels in the frontal cortex regardless of Flx exposure. Neither maternal stress or Flx altered offspring performance in tests of cognitive</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277528','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277528"><span>Reproductive development of <span class="hlt">male</span> goat kids reared with or without permanent contact with <span class="hlt">adult</span> females until 10 months of age.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lacuesta, L; Orihuela, A; Ungerfeld, R</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> ruminants that were reared in contact with females display greater sexual behavior than those reared in single <span class="hlt">male</span> groups. The aim of the experiment was to compare the reproductive development of prepubertal <span class="hlt">male</span> kids reared with or without direct permanent contact with <span class="hlt">adult</span> females until they were 10 months old. Seventeen Saanen <span class="hlt">male</span> kids were maintained in two groups until 44 weeks of age: kids reared in permanent direct contact with four <span class="hlt">adult</span> goats (group FEM, N = 8) and kids that remained isolated from females (group ISO, N = 9). All goats in the FEM group became pregnant approximately when bucks attained 28 weeks of age. Scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration were measured, and semen was obtained by electroejaculation to avoid female contact in the ISO group. Scrotal circumference was greater in FEM kids at 12 and 14 weeks of age (P < 0.0001) and testosterone when they were 20 and 22 weeks old (P < 0.0001). Testosterone concentration was greater in ISO kids from 28 to 44 weeks of age. All semen characteristics increased with age (P < 0.0001). Individual motility was greater in FEM kids than that in ISO kids at 15 and 17 weeks (P < 0.005); mass motility was greater in ISO than that in FEM kids at 32 weeks (P < 0.05); total number of spermatozoa/ejaculate was greater in ISO kids at 30, 32, and 40 weeks and in FEM kids at 43 weeks (P < 0.005); total number of motile spermatozoa was greater in ISO kids at 32 and 40 weeks, whereas at 43 weeks, it was greater in FEM kids (P < 0.005). It was concluded that permanent contact with <span class="hlt">adult</span> goats had transient and short-time positive effects in <span class="hlt">male</span> kids' reproductive traits during prepubertal development. However, positive effects stopped after goats used as stimulus became pregnant. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23130898','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23130898"><span>Do prenatally methamphetamine-exposed <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats display general predisposition to drug abuse in the conditioned place preference test?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Šlamberová, R; Pometlová, M; Schutová, B; Hrubá, L; Macúchová, E; Nová, E; Rokyta, R</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Drug abuse of pregnant women is a growing problem. The effect of prenatal drug exposure may have devastating effect on development of the offsprings that may be long-term or even permanent. One of the most common drug abused by pregnant women is methamphetamine (MA), which is also the most frequently abused illicit drug in the Czech Republic. Our previous studies demonstrated that prenatal MA exposure alters behavior, cognition, pain and seizures in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats in sex-specific manner. Our most recent studies demonstrate that prenatal MA exposure makes <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats more sensitive to acute injection of the same or related drugs than their controls. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of prenatal MA exposure on drug-seeking behavior of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats tested in the Conditioned place preference (CPP). <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were divided to: prenatally MA-exposed (5 mg/kg daily for the entire prenatal period), prenatally saline-exposed (1 ml/kg of physiological saline) and controls (without maternal injections). The following drugs were used in the CPP test in adulthood: MA (5 mg/kg), amphetamine (5 mg/kg), cocaine (5 and 10 mg/kg), morphine (5 mg/kg), MDMA (5 mg/kg) and THC (2 mg/kg). Our data demonstrated that prenatally MA-exposed rats displayed higher amphetamine-seeking behavior than both controls. MA as well as morphine induced drug-seeking behavior of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats, however this effect did not differ based on the prenatal MA exposure. In contrast, prenatal MA exposure induced rather tolerance to cocaine than sensitization after the conditioning in the CPP. MDMA and THC did not induce significant effects. Even though the present data did not fully confirmed our hypotheses, future studies are planned to test the drug-seeking behavior also in self-administration test.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27178172','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27178172"><span>Reactions to First Postpubertal <span class="hlt">Male</span> Same-Sex Sexual Experience in the Kinsey Sample: A Comparison of Minors With Peers, Minors With <span class="hlt">Adults</span>, and <span class="hlt">Adults</span> With <span class="hlt">Adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rind, Bruce; Welter, Max</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Rind and Welter (2014) examined first postpubertal coitus using the Kinsey sample, finding that reactions were just as positive, and no more negative, among minors with <span class="hlt">adults</span> compared to minors with peers and <span class="hlt">adults</span> with <span class="hlt">adults</span>. In the present study, we examined first postpubertal <span class="hlt">male</span> same-sex sexual experiences in the Kinsey same-sex sample (i.e., participants mostly with extensive postpubertal same-sex behavior), comparing reactions across the same age categories. These data were collected between 1938 and 1961 (M year: 1946). Minors under age 18 years with <span class="hlt">adults</span> (M ages: 14.0 and 30.5, respectively) reacted positively (i.e., enjoyed the experience "much") often (70 %) and emotionally negatively (e.g., fear, disgust, shame, regret) infrequently (16 %). These rates were the same as <span class="hlt">adults</span> with <span class="hlt">adults</span> (M ages: 21.2 and 25.9, respectively): 68 and 16 %, respectively. Minors with peers (M ages: 13.3 and 13.8, respectively) reacted positively significantly more often (82 %) and negatively nominally less often (9 %). Minors with <span class="hlt">adults</span> reacted positively to intercourse (oral, anal) just as often (69 %) as to outercourse (body contact, masturbation, femoral) (72 %) and reacted emotionally negatively significantly less often (9 vs. 25 %, respectively). For younger minors (≤14) with <span class="hlt">adults</span> aged 5-19 years older, reactions were just as positive (83 %) as for minors with peers within 1 year of age (84 %) and no more emotionally negative (11 vs. 7 %, respectively). Results are discussed in relation to findings regarding first coitus in the Kinsey sample and to the cultural context particular to Kinsey's time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28012114','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28012114"><span>Differential Effects of Family Structure on Religion and Spirituality of Emerging <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> and Females.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Handal, Paul J; Lace, John W</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>This study examined measures of religion and spirituality in a sample of <span class="hlt">male</span> and female emerging <span class="hlt">adult</span> college students whose parents were either divorced or intact using the Personal Religious Inventory, the Duke University Religion Index, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, the Spiritual Transcendence Scale, and the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale. Data were collected online, and 66% of participants received extra credit for participating. A main effect of sex was found, as females reported significantly higher scores than men on all but one measure of religion and spirituality, and the dataset was separated by sex. No differences were found between <span class="hlt">males</span> from divorced and intact families. However, females from intact families scored significantly higher on all religion and spirituality measures than females from divorced families. This study suggests that females may respond differently than <span class="hlt">males</span> to their parents' divorce in the context of religion and spirituality, and discusses possible reasons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28333963','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28333963"><span>Why don't urban youth in Zambia use condoms? The influence of gender and marriage on non-use of <span class="hlt">male</span> condoms among young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pinchoff, Jessie; Boyer, Christopher B; Mutombo, Namuunda; Chowdhuri, Rachna Nag; Ngo, Thoai D</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Zambia experiences high unmet need for family planning and high rates of HIV, particularly among youth. While <span class="hlt">male</span> condoms are widely available and 95% of <span class="hlt">adults</span> have heard of them, self-reported use in the past 12 months is low among young <span class="hlt">adults</span> (45%). This study describes factors associated with non-use of <span class="hlt">male</span> condoms among urban young <span class="hlt">adults</span> in Zambia. A household cross-sectional survey in four urban districts was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016 among sexually active young <span class="hlt">adults</span> ages 18-24 years. A random walk strategy was implemented in urban areas; eligible, enrolled participants were administered a survey on household characteristics, health access, and knowledge, attitudes and practices related to contraception. Relative risk regression models were built to determine factors associated with the decision to not use a <span class="hlt">male</span> condom (non-use) at most recent sexual intercourse. A total of 2,388 individuals were interviewed; 69% were female, 35% were married, and average lifetime sex partners was 3.45 (SD±6.15). Non-use of <span class="hlt">male</span> condoms was 59% at most recent sexual intercourse. In a multivariate model, women were more likely to report non-use of a <span class="hlt">male</span> condom compared with men (aRR = 1.24 [95% CI: 1.11, 1.38]), married individuals were more likely to report non-use compared with unmarried individuals (aRR = 1.59 [1.46, 1.73]), and those residing in the highest poverty wards were more likely to report non-use compared with those in the lowest poverty wards (aRR = 1.31 [1.16, 1.48]). Those with more negative perceptions of <span class="hlt">male</span> condom use were 6% more likely to report non-use (aRR = 1.06 [1.03, 1.09]). Discussion regarding contraception with a partner decreased non-use 13% (aRR = 0.87 [0.80, 0.95]) and agreement regarding <span class="hlt">male</span> condom use with a partner decreased non-use 16% (aRR = 0.84 [0.77, 0.91)]). Non-use of <span class="hlt">male</span> condoms is high among young, married <span class="hlt">adults</span>, particularly women, who may be interested in contraception for family planning but remain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=kaufman&pg=7&id=EJ863230','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=kaufman&pg=7&id=EJ863230"><span>Item Parameter Invariance of the Kaufman Adolescent and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Intelligence Test across <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female Samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Immekus, Jason C.; Maller, Susan J.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The Kaufman Adolescent and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Intelligence Test (KAIT[TM]) is an individually administered test of intelligence for individuals ranging in age from 11 to 85+ years. The item response theory-likelihood ratio procedure, based on the two-parameter logistic model, was used to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in the KAIT across <span class="hlt">males</span> and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505462','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505462"><span>Lead exposure in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in urban Transvaal Province, South Africa during the apartheid era.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hess, Catherine A; Cooper, Matthew J; Smith, Martin J; Trueman, Clive N; Schutkowski, Holger</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Human exposure to lead is a substantial public health hazard worldwide and is particularly problematic in the Republic of South Africa given the country's late cessation of leaded petrol. Lead exposure is associated with a number of serious health issues and diseases including developmental and cognitive deficiency, hypertension and heart disease. Understanding the distribution of lifetime lead burden within a given population is critical for reducing exposure rates. Femoral bone from 101 deceased <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> living in urban Transvaal Province (now Gauteng Province), South Africa between 1960 and 1998 were analyzed for lead concentration by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Of the 72 black and 29 white individuals sampled, chronic lead exposure was apparent in nearly all individuals. White <span class="hlt">males</span> showed significantly higher median bone lead concentration (ME = 10.04 µg·g(-1)), than black <span class="hlt">males</span> (ME = 3.80 µg·g(-1)) despite higher socioeconomic status. Bone lead concentration covaries significantly, though weakly, with individual age. There was no significant temporal trend in bone lead concentration. These results indicate that long-term low to moderate lead exposure is the historical norm among South African <span class="hlt">males</span>. Unexpectedly, this research indicates that white <span class="hlt">males</span> in the sample population were more highly exposed to lead.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23619965','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23619965"><span>Comparison of the effects of bisphenol A alone and in a combination with X-irradiation on sperm count and quality in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> and pubescent mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dobrzyńska, Małgorzata M; Jankowska-Steifer, Ewa A; Tyrkiel, Ewa J; Gajowik, Aneta; Radzikowska, Joanna; Pachocki, Krzysztof A</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is employed in the manufacturing of epoxy, polyester-styrene, and polycarbonate resins, which are used for the production of baby and water bottles and reusable containers, food and beverage packing, dental fillings and sealants. The study was designed to examine the effects of 8-week exposure (a full cycle of spermatogenesis) to BPA alone and in a combination with X-irradiation on the reproductive organs and germ cells of <span class="hlt">adult</span> and pubescent <span class="hlt">male</span> mice. Pzh:Sfis <span class="hlt">male</span> mice were exposed to BPA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or X-rays (0.05 Gy) or to a combination of both (0.05 Gy + 5 mg/kg bw BPA). The following parameters were examined: sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and DNA damage in <span class="hlt">male</span> gametes. Both BPA and X-rays alone diminished sperm quality. BPA exposure significantly reduced sperm count in pubescent <span class="hlt">males</span> compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice, with degenerative changes detected in seminiferous epithelium. This may suggest a higher susceptibility of germ cells of younger <span class="hlt">males</span> to BPA action. Combined BPA with X-ray treatment enhanced the harmful effect induced by BPA alone in <span class="hlt">male</span> germ cells of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, whereas low-dose irradiation showed sometimes protective or additive effects in pubescent mice. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27515994','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27515994"><span>The organizational effects of pubertal testosterone on sexual proficiency in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Syrian hamsters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>De Lorme, Kayla C; Sisk, Cheryl L</p> <p>2016-10-15</p> <p>Social proficiency requires making appropriate behavioral adaptations as a result of social experience. For example, <span class="hlt">male</span> rodents become sexually proficient with experience as demonstrated by a reduction in ectopic (misdirected) mounts, mount-to-intromission ratio, and latency to ejaculation. We previously found that over a series of timed tests with a receptive female, <span class="hlt">male</span> hamsters deprived of testosterone specifically during puberty (NoT@P) have overall lower levels of sexual behavior and continue to display high levels of ectopic mounts, compared with <span class="hlt">males</span> that experienced endogenous testosterone during puberty (T@P). These results suggested that pubertal testosterone programs sexual proficiency in adulthood, but because NoT@P <span class="hlt">males</span> engaged in less sexual behavior than T@P <span class="hlt">males</span> in these tests, the amount of sexual experience may have been insufficient to improve sexual proficiency. To more rigorously test the hypothesis that pubertal testosterone is necessary for social proficiency in adulthood, the present study compared the behavior of NoT@P and T@P <span class="hlt">males</span> in a series of 4 trials with a 48-h interval between each trial. Sexual experience was equated by limiting each trial to 5 intromissions. Sexually-naïve <span class="hlt">males</span> were either gonadectomized prepubertally (NoT@P) or in adulthood (T@P) and received subcutaneous testosterone capsules four weeks later. Two weeks after testosterone replacement, these groups and a group of <span class="hlt">adult</span> gonad-intact controls began sexual behavior testing. We found that NoT@P <span class="hlt">males</span> had more ectopic mounts/min across all four tests compared to gonad-intact and T@P <span class="hlt">males</span>. Moreover, both gonad-intact and T@P <span class="hlt">males</span>, but not NoT@P <span class="hlt">males</span>, showed an increase in the number of mounts and intromissions/min between trials 1 and 3. Unexpectedly, both gonad-intact and T@P, but not NoT@P, <span class="hlt">males</span> showed a decrease in sexual behaviors during trial 4. Thus, T@P <span class="hlt">males</span> display multiple behavioral adaptations to sexual experience that are not observed in No</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27988176','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27988176"><span>Anxiogenic-like effects of fluoxetine render <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats vulnerable to the effects of a novel stress.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gomez, Francisca; García-García, Luis</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Fluoxetine (FLX) has paradoxical anxiogenic-like effects during the acute phase of treatment. In adolescent (35d-old) <span class="hlt">male</span> rats, the stress-like effects induced by short-term (3d-4d) FLX treatment appear to involve up-regulation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA. However, studies on FLX-induced anxiety-like effects in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rodents are inconclusive. Herein, we sought to study the response of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats (60-65d-old) to a similar FLX treatment, also investigating how the stressful component, inherent to our experimental conditions, contributed to the responses. We show that FLX acutely increased plasma corticosterone concentrations while it attenuated the stress-induced-hyperthermia (SIH) as well as it reduced (≈40%) basal POMC mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). However, FLX did not alter the basal expression of PVN-corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), anterior pituitary-pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and raphe nucleusserotonin transporter (SERT). Nonetheless, some regressions point towards the plausibility that FLX activated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). The behavioral study revealed that FLX acutely increased emotional reactivity in the holeboard, effect followed by a body weight loss of ≈2.5% after 24h. Interestingly, i.p. injection with vehicle did not have behavioral effects, furthermore, after experiencing the stressful component of the holeboard, the rats kept eating and gaining weight as normal. By contrast, the stress-naïve rats reduced food intake and gained less weight although maintaining a positive energy state. Therefore, on one hand, repetition of a mild stressor would unchain compensatory mechanisms to restore energy homeostasis after stress increasing the resiliency to novel stressors. On the other hand, FLX might render stressed <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats vulnerable to novel stressors through the emergence of counter-regulatory changes, involving HPA axis activation and diminished sympathetic output</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326992','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326992"><span>Overweight and metabolic and hormonal parameter disruption are induced in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice by manipulations during lactation period.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Loizzo, Alberto; Loizzo, Stefano; Galietta, Gabriella; Caiola, Stefania; Spampinato, Santi; Campana, Gabriele; Seghieri, Giuseppe; Ghirlanda, Giovanni; Franconi, Flavia</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Neonatal manipulations (10 min of maternal separation plus s.c. sham injection, daily for the first 21 d of life) determine overweight in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms underlying mild obesity and the alteration of caloric balance. Neonatally manipulated mice become overweight after onset of maturity, showing increased fat tissue and hypertrophic epididymal adipocytes. Increase in body weight occurs in the presence of a small increase in daily food intake (significant only in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> period) and the absence of a decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity, while the calculated caloric efficiency is higher in manipulated mice, especially in adulthood. Fasting <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals show hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperleptinemia. Soon after weaning and in the adulthood, plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) are also significantly increased. Thus, neonatal manipulations in nongenetically susceptible <span class="hlt">male</span> mice program mild obesity, with metabolic and hormonal alterations that are similar to those found in experimental models of diabetes mellitus, suggesting that this metabolic derangement may have at least part of its roots early on in life and, more interestingly, that psychological and nociceptive stimuli induce these features.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29740398','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29740398"><span>Neurosteroids in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Hippocampus of <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female Rodents: Biosynthesis and Actions of Sex Steroids.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hojo, Yasushi; Kawato, Suguru</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The brain is not only the target of steroid hormones but also is able to locally synthesize steroids de novo . Evidence of the local production of steroids in the brain has been accumulating in various vertebrates, including teleost fish, amphibia, birds, rodents, non-human primates, and humans. In this review, we mainly focus on the local production of sex steroids in the hippocampal neurons of <span class="hlt">adult</span> rodents (rats and mice), a center for learning and memory. From the data of the hippocampus of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats, hippocampal principal neurons [pyramidal cells in CA1-CA3 and granule cells in dentate gyrus (DG)] have a complete system for biosynthesis of sex steroids. Liquid chromatography with tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enabled us to accurately determine the levels of hippocampal sex steroids including 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which are much higher than those in blood. Next, we review the steroid synthesis in the hippocampus of female rats, since previous knowledge had been biased toward the data from <span class="hlt">males</span>. Recently, we clarified that the levels of hippocampal steroids fluctuate in <span class="hlt">adult</span> female rats across the estrous cycle. Accurate determination of hippocampal steroids at each stage of the estrous cycle is of importance for providing the account for the fluctuation of female hippocampal functions, including spine density, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), and learning and memory. These functional fluctuations in female had been attributed to the level of circulation-derived steroids. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the dendritic spine density in CA1 of <span class="hlt">adult</span> female hippocampus correlates with the levels of hippocampal progesterone and 17β-E2. Finally, we introduce the direct evidence of the role of hippocampus-synthesized steroids in hippocampal function including neurogenesis, LTP, and memory consolidation. Mild exercise (2 week of treadmill running) elevated synthesis of DHT</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25846756','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25846756"><span>Patterns of Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization in U.S. Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> and Females.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spencer, Rachael A; Renner, Lynette M; Clark, Cari Jo</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Dating violence (DV) is frequently reported by young <span class="hlt">adults</span> in intimate relationships in the United States, but little is known about patterns of DV perpetration and victimization. In this study, we examined sexual and physical violence perpetration and victimization reported by young <span class="hlt">adults</span> to determine how the violence patterns differ by sex and race/ethnicity. Data from non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic participants in Wave 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Health were analyzed. DV was assessed using responses to four questions focused on perpetration and four questions focused on victimization. The information on DV was taken from the most violent relationship reported by participants prior to Wave 3. Latent class analysis was first conducted separately by sex, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and financial stress, then by race/ethnicity, adjusting for age and financial stress. Relative model fit was established by comparing Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), adjusted BIC, entropy, interpretability of latent classes, and certainty of latent class assignment for covariate-adjusted models. The results indicate that patterns of violence differed by sex and for females, by race/ethnicity. A three-class model was the best fit for <span class="hlt">males</span>. For females, separate four-class models were parsimonious for White, Black, and Hispanic females. Financial stress was a significant predictor of violence classification for <span class="hlt">males</span> and females and age predicted membership in White and Black female models. Variations in DV patterns by sex and race/ethnicity suggest the need for a more nuanced understanding of differences in DV. © The Author(s) 2015.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19124073','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19124073"><span>Galanin-like peptide stimulates feeding and sexual behavior via dopaminergic fibers within the medial preoptic area of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Taylor, A; Madison, F N; Fraley, G S</p> <p>2009-03-01</p> <p>Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is located in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus and is known to regulate both food intake and sexual behaviors in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. We have previously demonstrated that ICV GALP administration elicits a significant fos response within the medial preoptic area (mPOA). GALP is known to stimulate both food intake and <span class="hlt">male</span>-typical sex behavior, presumably by direct actions within the mPOA. Recent data from our and other labs have led us to suspect that GALP effects on sex behaviors are due to activation of incertohypothalamic dopaminergic neurons that terminate within the mPOA. To test the hypothesis that GALP activates mPOA dopaminergic systems, we utilized an immunolesion technique to eliminate dopaminergic fiber input to the mPOA via a dopamine transporter-specific toxin (DATSAP, n=8) and compared to control injections (SAP, n=8). All animals were sexually experienced <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Long-Evans rats. DATSAP-treated <span class="hlt">male</span> rats showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behaviors compared to SAP controls. We found that elimination of dopaminergic fibers within the mPOA significantly (p<0.001) eliminated all aspects of <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior under normal mating paradigms. Injections of GALP (5.0 nmol) significantly increased (p<0.01) <span class="hlt">male</span> sex behavior and food intake in SAP control <span class="hlt">male</span> rats but GALP did not stimulate the expression of these behaviors in DATSAP-treated rats. The orexigenic and anorexigenic effects of GALP were significantly (p<0.001) attenuated in DATSAP-treated <span class="hlt">male</span> rats compared to SAP controls; however, ICV GALP was still able to significantly (p<0.05) reduce 24h body weight in both DATSAP and SAP rats. ICV GALP significantly (p<0.05) stimulated fos within the mPOA of SAP rats but not in DATSAP-treated <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. These data suggest that GALP activates feeding and sexual behaviors in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats by stimulating dopaminergic neurons that terminate within the mPOA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SciNa.104..102N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SciNa.104..102N"><span>Postnatal nutrition influences <span class="hlt">male</span> attractiveness and promotes plasticity in <span class="hlt">male</span> mating preferences</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Noguera, José C.; Metcalfe, Neil B.; Monaghan, Pat</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Poor early-life nutrition could reduce <span class="hlt">adult</span> reproductive success by negatively affecting traits linked to sexual attractiveness such as song complexity. If so, this might favor strategic mate choice, allowing <span class="hlt">males</span> with less complex songs to tailor their mating tactics to maximize the reproductive benefits. However, this possibility has been ignored in theoretical and empirical studies. By manipulating the micronutrient content of the diet (e.g., low or high) during the postnatal period of <span class="hlt">male</span> zebra finches, we show for the first time (1) that <span class="hlt">males</span> reared on a poor (low) micronutrient diet had less complex songs as <span class="hlt">adults</span>; (2) that these <span class="hlt">males</span>, in contrast to the high micronutrient diet group, were more selective in their mating strategies, discriminating against those females most likely to reduce their clutch size when paired with <span class="hlt">males</span> having less complex songs; and (3) that by following different mating strategies, <span class="hlt">males</span> reared on the contrasting diets obtained similar reproductive benefits. These results suggest that early-life dietary conditions can induce multiple and long-lasting effects on <span class="hlt">male</span> and female reproductive traits. Moreover, the results seem to reflect a previously unreported case of adaptive plasticity in mate choice in response to a nutritionally mediated reduction in sexual attractiveness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24669635','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24669635"><span>Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> of paramilitary personnel in Punjab.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hafeez-ud-din; Siddiqui, Tahir Saeed; Lahrasab, Waseem; Sharif, Muhammad Ashraf</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Global prevalence of Hepatitis B varies from high (> 8%) in Africa, Asia and Western Pacific to low (< 2%) in Western Europe, North America and Australia. An estimated 180 million people worldwide including 4 million people in USA are infected with HCV. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out at Department of Pathology, Pakistan Rangers (Punjab) Central Hospital, Lahore from March to June 2010 to determine prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among serving asymptomatic healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> of paramilitary force. The healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from province Punjab serving in Pakistan Rangers Punjab without previous history of known positivity for HBV or HCV infection were included in the study. Demographic data including the district of origin were noted. HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were tested by rapid immuno-chromatographic method while positive tests were reconfirmed by enzyme immuno-assay (EIA). Out of total 15,793 <span class="hlt">adults</span> screened for Hepatitis B & C viral infections, 14,027 <span class="hlt">adults</span> belonged to the province of Punjab. There were 396 (2.82%) <span class="hlt">adults</span> who were found positive for HBsAg and 511 (3.64%) positive for anti-HCV on screening. Retesting of the positive tests by EIA showed 396 (2.82%) positive for HBsAg, and 440 (3.13%) for anti-HCV respectively. Specificity of immune chromatographic method for HBsAg and anti-HCV calculated taking EIA as gold standard was 100% for HBsAg and 99.5% for anti-HCV while positive predictive value of the immuno-chromatographic methods was 100% for HBsAg and 86.1% for anti-HCV. Highest of prevalence of HBsAg was seen in Rahimyar Khan (7.58%) while high prevalence of anti-HCV was seen in Chiniot (8.9%), Faisalabad (7.2%), Vehari (7.03%), Muzaffargarh (5.95%) and Sheikhupura (5.83%). Overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV is on the decline. The isolated pockets of very high prevalence of HCV infection in the districts of Chiniot, Faisalabad, Vehari, Sheikhupura, Rahimyar Khan, Muzaffargarh, and Okara pose a community health</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23653311','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23653311"><span>Prolonged exposure to a low-dose of bisphenol A increases spontaneous motor activity in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nojima, Kazuo; Takata, Tomoyo; Masuno, Hiroshi</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>We investigated the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical, on spontaneous motor activity in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. The rats were implanted intraperitoneally with mini-osmotic pumps containing either BPA (50 μg/kg body weight per day) in sesame oil (BPA-treated group) or sesame oil only (vehicle-treated group). Spontaneous motor activity during a 24-h period was measured over 5 days from day 9 to day 13 after implantation using an animal movement analysis system. Spontaneous motor activity during the last 2 h of the dark phase and during the first 1-h of the light phase was increased in the BPA-treated group. Total spontaneous motor activity during the 12-h light phase, but not the 12-h dark phase, was higher in the BPA-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group. These findings suggest that BPA may induce hyperactivity in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats during the 12-h light phase, especially during the 2 h immediately preceding sleep-onset and 1 h immediately following sleep-onset.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26122962','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26122962"><span>Expression of estrogen, estrogen related and androgen receptors in adrenal cortex of intact <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Trejter, Marcin; Jopek, Karol; Celichowski, Piotr; Tyczewska, Marianna; Malendowicz, Ludwik K; Rucinski, Marcin</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Adrenocortical activity in various species is sensitive to androgens and estrogens. They may affect adrenal cortex growth and functioning either via central pathways (CRH and ACTH) or directly, via specific receptors expressed in the cortex and/or by interfering with adrenocortical enzymes, among them those involved in steroidogenesis. Only limited data on expression of androgen and estrogen receptors in adrenal glands are available. Therefore the present study aimed to characterize, at the level of mRNA, expression of these receptors in specific components of adrenal cortex of intact <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats. Studies were performed on <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female (estrus) Wistar rats. Total RNA was isolated from adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) and fasciculate/reticularis (ZF/R). Expression of genes were evaluated by means of Affymetrix® Rat Gene 1.1 ST Array Strip and QPCR. By means of Affymetrix® Rat Gene 1.1 ST Array we examined adrenocortical sex differences in the expression of nearly 30,000 genes. All data were analyzed in relation to the adrenals of the <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. 32 genes were differentially expressed in ZG, and 233 genes in ZF/R. In the ZG expression levels of 24 genes were lower and 8 higher in female rats. The more distinct sex differences were observed in the ZF/R, in which expression levels of 146 genes were lower and 87 genes higher in female rats. Performed analyses did not reveal sex differences in the expression levels of both androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptor genes in the adrenal cortex of <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats. Therefore matrix data were validated by QPCR. QPCR revealed higher expression levels of AR gene both in ZG and ZF/R of <span class="hlt">male</span> than female rats. On the other hand, QPCR did not reveal sex-related differences in the expression levels of ERα, ERβ and non-genomic GPR30 (GPER-1) receptor. Of those genes expression levels of ERα genes were the highest. In studied adrenal samples the relative expression of ERα mRNA was higher than ERβ m</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372012','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372012"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> Behavior in <span class="hlt">Male</span> Mice Exposed to E-Cigarette Nicotine Vapors during Late Prenatal and Early Postnatal Life.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Smith, Dani; Aherrera, Angela; Lopez, Armando; Neptune, Enid; Winickoff, Jonathan P; Klein, Jonathan D; Chen, Gang; Lazarus, Philip; Collaco, Joseph M; McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Timed-pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2.4% nicotine in propylene glycol (PG) or 0% nicotine /PG once a day from gestational day 15 until delivery. After delivery, offspring and mothers were exposed to E-cigarette vapors for an additional 14 days from postnatal day 2 through 16. Following their last exposure serum cotinine levels were measured in female juvenile mice. <span class="hlt">Male</span> mice underwent behavioral testing at 14 weeks of age to assess sensorimotor, affective, and cognitive functional domains. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice exposed to 2.4% nicotine/PG E-cigarette vapors had significantly more head dips in the zero maze test and higher levels of rearing activity in the open field test compared to 0% nicotine/PG exposed mice and untreated controls. In the water maze test after reversal training, the 2.4% nicotine/PG mice spent more than 25% of time in the new location whereas the other groups did not. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice exhibited increased levels of activity in the zero maze and open field tests when exposed to E-cigarette vapor containing nicotine during late prenatal and early postnatal life. These findings indicate that nicotine exposure from E-cigarettes may cause persistent behavioral changes when exposure occurs during a period of rapid brain growth.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24613534','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24613534"><span>Simple circumcision device: proof of concept for a single-visit, adjustable device to facilitate safe <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hotaling, James M; Leddy, Laura S; Haider, Mahum A; Mossanen, Matthew; Bailey, Michael R; MacConaghy, Brian; Olson, Francis; Krieger, John N</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>To conduct a proof-of-concept study to determine the potential utility of a novel, adjustable single-visit, disposable device to facilitate rapid <span class="hlt">adult</span> circumcision. Prospective pilot trial of a novel surgical device. Tertiary care Veterans Administration medical center. Five <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Circumcisions performed by junior trainees using an adjustable, single-size surgical-assist device constructed by the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory. The attending surgeon and trainees completed standardized forms after each procedure to assess technical problems and ease of use. Follow-up visits were scheduled to evaluate adverse events, postoperative pain, cosmetic outcomes, and participant satisfaction at 3, 8, 30, and 90 days postoperatively. The average operative time was 16.4 minutes. All cases were performed with local anesthesia, and no case required electrocautery or conversion to standard surgery. At the postoperative day 3 visit, all subjects were happy with their results and would recommend the procedure to another patient. One participant had a minor wound separation noted at the 30-day visit that resolved during follow-up. There were no wound infections, hematomas, or other adverse events. This proof-of-study suggests that the Simple Circumcision Device may facilitate delivery of safe <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision services. Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24407590','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24407590"><span>Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a role in the regulation of liver and plasma lipid levels in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scheving, Lawrence A; Zhang, Xiuqi; Garcia, Oscar A; Wang, Rebecca F; Stevenson, Mary C; Threadgill, David W; Russell, William E</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Dsk5 mice have a gain of function in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caused by a point mutation in the kinase domain. We analyzed the effect of this mutation on liver size, histology, and composition. We found that the livers of 12-wk-old <span class="hlt">male</span> Dsk5 heterozygotes (+/Dsk5) were 62% heavier compared with those of wild-type controls (+/+). The livers of the +/Dsk5 mice compared with +/+ mice had larger hepatocytes with prominent, polyploid nuclei and showed modestly increased cell proliferation indices in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. An analysis of total protein, DNA, and RNA (expressed relative to liver weight) revealed no differences between the mutant and wild-type mice. However, the livers of the +/Dsk5 mice had more cholesterol but less phospholipid and fatty acid. Circulating cholesterol levels were twice as high in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> +/Dsk5 mice but not in postweaned young <span class="hlt">male</span> or female mice. The elevated total plasma cholesterol resulted mainly from an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The +/Dsk5 <span class="hlt">adult</span> mouse liver expressed markedly reduced protein levels of LDL receptor, no change in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and a markedly increased fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. Increased expression of transcription factors associated with enhanced cholesterol synthesis was also observed. Together, these findings suggest that the EGFR may play a regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice, explaining why elevated levels of EGF or EGF-like peptides have been positively correlated to increased cholesterol levels in human studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/14575','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/14575"><span>Cryopreservation of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Spring and Summer Chinook Salmon Gametes in the Snake River Basin, 1997 Annual Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Faurot, Dave; Kucera, Paul A.; Armstrong, Robyn D.</p> <p>1998-06-01</p> <p>Chinook salmon populations in the Northwest are decreasing in number. The Nez Perce Tribe was funded in 1997 by the Bonneville Power Administration to coordinate and initiate gene banking of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> gametes from Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed spring and summer chinook salmon in the Snake River basin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5739430','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5739430"><span>Maternal obesity in the ewe increases cardiac ventricular expression of glucocorticoid receptors, proinflammatory cytokines and fibrosis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Odhiambo, John F.; McCormick, Richard J.; Nathanielsz, Peter W.; Ford, Stephen P.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Obesity during human pregnancy predisposes offspring to obesity and cardiovascular disease in postnatal life. In a sheep model of maternal overnutrition/obesity we have previously reported myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, as well as cardiac dysfunction in late term fetuses, in association with chronically elevated blood cortisol. Significant research has suggested a link between elevated glucocorticoid exposure in utero and hypertension and cardiovascular disease postnatally. Here we examined the effects of maternal obesity on myocardial inflammation and fibrosis of their <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring from control (CON) mothers fed 100% of National Research Council (NRC) recommendations (n = 6) and <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring from obese mothers (MO) fed 150% NRC (n = 6), were put on a 12-week ad libitum feeding challenge then necropsied. At necropsy, plasma cortisol and left and right ventricular thickness were markedly increased (P<0.05) in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> MO offspring. Myocardial collagen content and collagen-crosslinking were greater (P<0.05) in MO offspring compared to CON offspring in association with increased mRNA and protein expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR). No group difference was found in myocardial mineralocorticoids receptor (MR) protein expression. Further, mRNA expression for the proinflammatory cytokines: cluster of differentiation (CD)-68, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased (P < 0.05), and protein expression of CD-68, TGF-β1, and TNF-α tended to increase (P<0.10) in MO vs. CON offspring. These data provide evidence for MO-induced programming of elevated plasma cortisol and myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring potentially through increased GR. PMID:29267325</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4570802','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4570802"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> Behavior in <span class="hlt">Male</span> Mice Exposed to E-Cigarette Nicotine Vapors during Late Prenatal and Early Postnatal Life</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Smith, Dani; Aherrera, Angela; Lopez, Armando; Neptune, Enid; Winickoff, Jonathan P.; Klein, Jonathan D.; Chen, Gang; Lazarus, Philip; Collaco, Joseph M.; McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Nicotine exposure has been associated with an increased likelihood of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to E-cigarette nicotine vapors during late prenatal and early postnatal life altered behavior in <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice. Methods Timed-pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2.4% nicotine in propylene glycol (PG) or 0% nicotine /PG once a day from gestational day 15 until delivery. After delivery, offspring and mothers were exposed to E-cigarette vapors for an additional 14 days from postnatal day 2 through 16. Following their last exposure serum cotinine levels were measured in female juvenile mice. <span class="hlt">Male</span> mice underwent behavioral testing at 14 weeks of age to assess sensorimotor, affective, and cognitive functional domains. Results <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice exposed to 2.4% nicotine/PG E-cigarette vapors had significantly more head dips in the zero maze test and higher levels of rearing activity in the open field test compared to 0% nicotine/PG exposed mice and untreated controls. In the water maze test after reversal training, the 2.4% nicotine/PG mice spent more than 25% of time in the new location whereas the other groups did not. Conclusion <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice exhibited increased levels of activity in the zero maze and open field tests when exposed to E-cigarette vapor containing nicotine during late prenatal and early postnatal life. These findings indicate that nicotine exposure from E-cigarettes may cause persistent behavioral changes when exposure occurs during a period of rapid brain growth. PMID:26372012</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3863963','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3863963"><span>Wandering spleen with gastric volvulus and intestinal non-rotation in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patient</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kohda, Eiichi; Iizuka, Yuo; Nagamoto, Masashi; Ishii, Tomotaka; Saida, Yoshihisa; Shimizu, Norikazu; Gomi, Tatsuya</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>We report an extremely rare case of wandering spleen (WS) complicated with gastric volvulus and intestinal non-rotation in a <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span>. A 22-year-old man who had been previously treated for Wilson disease was admitted with severe abdominal pain. Radiological findings showed WS in the midline of the pelvic area. The stomach was mesenteroaxially twisted and intestinal non-rotation was observed. Radiology results did not show any evidence of splenic or gastrointestinal (GI) infarction. Elective emergency laparoscopy confirmed WS and intestinal non-rotation; however, gastric volvulus was not observed. It was suspected that the stomach had untwisted when gastric and laparoscopic tubes were inserted. Surgery is strongly recommended for WS because of the high risk of serious complications; however, some asymptomatic <span class="hlt">adult</span> patients are still treated conservatively, such as the patient in this study. The present case is reported with reference to the literature. PMID:24349711</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349711','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349711"><span>Wandering spleen with gastric volvulus and intestinal non-rotation in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patient.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ooka, Minako; Kohda, Eiichi; Iizuka, Yuo; Nagamoto, Masashi; Ishii, Tomotaka; Saida, Yoshihisa; Shimizu, Norikazu; Gomi, Tatsuya</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>We report an extremely rare case of wandering spleen (WS) complicated with gastric volvulus and intestinal non-rotation in a <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span>. A 22-year-old man who had been previously treated for Wilson disease was admitted with severe abdominal pain. Radiological findings showed WS in the midline of the pelvic area. The stomach was mesenteroaxially twisted and intestinal non-rotation was observed. Radiology results did not show any evidence of splenic or gastrointestinal (GI) infarction. Elective emergency laparoscopy confirmed WS and intestinal non-rotation; however, gastric volvulus was not observed. It was suspected that the stomach had untwisted when gastric and laparoscopic tubes were inserted. Surgery is strongly recommended for WS because of the high risk of serious complications; however, some asymptomatic <span class="hlt">adult</span> patients are still treated conservatively, such as the patient in this study. The present case is reported with reference to the literature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25205316','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25205316"><span>Calorie restriction and corticosterone elevation during lactation can each modulate <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> fear and anxiety-like behaviour.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Govic, Antonina; Bell, Veronica; Samuel, Anil; Penman, Jim; Paolini, Antonio G</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>Early life events, such as calorie restriction (CR) and elevated glucocorticoids, can calibrate the lifelong behavioural and physiological profile of an individual. Stress reactivity in adulthood is particularly sensitive to early life events; however, the consequence to fear and anxiety-like behaviour is less clear. Consequently, the current study sought to examine the effects of post-natal CR and glucocorticoid elevation, long considered powerful programming stimuli, on the subsequent fear and anxiety behaviour of the <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring. Rat dams received either corticosterone (200 μg/ml) supplementation in drinking water (CORT) or a 25% CR from post-natal day (PND) 1 to 11. Responses to the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field and a predator odour (TMT; 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline) were characterised in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. Both treatment conditions resulted in enhanced fear responses to TMT, characterised by heightened risk assessment and increased avoidance of TMT. CORT nursed offspring further demonstrated an anxiogenic profile in the open field. Basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function was unchanged in CORT <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring, whilst corticosterone concentration was elevated by post-natal CR. CR and CORT treated dams both exhibited greater anxiety-like behaviour in the EPM. A modest and temporary enhancement of maternal care was observed in CR and CORT treated dams, with CR dams further exhibiting rapid pup retrieval latencies. The results indicate enhanced emotionality in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> progeny of dams exposed to CR and corticosterone supplementation during the post-natal period. The modest enhancement of maternal care observed by both treatments is unlikely to have influenced the behavioural profile of the offspring. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3053981','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3053981"><span>Epigenetic control of vasopressin expression is maintained by steroid hormones in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rat brain</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Auger, Catherine J.; Coss, Dylan; Auger, Anthony P.; Forbes-Lorman, Robin M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Although some DNA methylation patterns are altered by steroid hormone exposure in the developing brain, less is known about how changes in steroid hormone levels influence DNA methylation patterns in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain. Steroid hormones act in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain to regulate gene expression. Specifically, the expression of the socially relevant peptide vasopressin (AVP) within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain is dependent upon testosterone exposure. Castration dramatically reduces and testosterone replacement restores AVP expression within the BST. As decreases in mRNA expression are associated with increases in DNA promoter methylation, we explored the hypothesis that AVP expression in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain is maintained through sustained epigenetic modifications of the AVP gene promoter. We find that castration of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats resulted in decreased AVP mRNA expression and increased methylation of specific CpG sites within the AVP promoter in the BST. Similarly, castration significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA expression and decreased ERα promoter methylation within the BST. These changes were prevented by testosterone replacement. This suggests that the DNA promoter methylation status of some steroid responsive genes in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain is actively maintained by the presence of circulating steroid hormones. The maintenance of methylated or demethylated states of some genes in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain by the presence of steroid hormones may play a role in the homeostatic regulation of behaviorally relevant systems. PMID:21368111</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923411','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923411"><span>Reliability of basal plasma vasopressin concentrations in healthy <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Quintana, Daniel S; Westlye, Lars T; Smerud, Knut T; Mahmoud, Ramy A; Djupesland, Per G; Andreassen, Ole A</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) play important and interrelated roles in modulating mammalian social behaviour. While the OT system has received considerable research attention for its potential to treat psychiatric symptoms, comparatively little is known about the role of the AVP system in human social behaviour. To better understand the intraindividual stability of basal AVP, the present study assessed the reproducibility of basal plasma AVP concentrations. Basal plasma AVP was assessed at four sampling points separated by 8 days, on average, in 16 healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Only one out of six comparisons revealed strong evidence for reproducibility of basal AVP concentrations (visit 2 vs. visit 4: r=0.8, p0.1). The concordance correlation coefficient [0.15, 95% CI (-0.55, 0.73)] also revealed poor overall reproducibility. Poor reliability of basal AVP concentrations suggests future work covarying AVP with trait markers should proceed with careful consideration of intraindividual fluctuations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8479309','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8479309"><span>Prediction of percent body fat in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, skinfolds, and hydrostatic weighing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Clark, R R; Kuta, J M; Sullivan, J C</p> <p>1993-04-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to compare the prediction of percent body fat (%FAT) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfolds (SF), and hydrostatic weighing (HW) in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Subjects were 35 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Caucasians (mean +/- SD; age: 39.1 +/- 14.0 yr, height: 180.6 +/- 5.3 cm, weight: 81.0 +/- 11.1 kg). %FAT, determined by HW with residual volume determined via O2 dilution, served as the criterion. DXA %FAT was determined by the Norland XR-26 (XR-26) bone densitometer and by the SF equations of Jackson and Pollock (JP) (1978), and Lohman (LOH) (1981). Criterion referenced validation included analyzing mean (+/- SD) %FAT values using a one-way ANOVA for significance, comparison of mean differences (MD), correlations (r), standard error of estimates (SEE), and total errors (TE). Significant differences were found between means of each method. The r (0.91) and SEE (3.0 %FAT) for DXA compare favorably with the established SF methods of JP and LOH for predicting %FAT; however, DXA demonstrated the largest MD (3.9 %FAT) and TE (5.2 %FAT). Regression analysis yields HW = 0.79* DXA + 0.56. The results do not support earlier research that found no significant difference between HW and DXA %FAT in <span class="hlt">males</span>. The study suggests the density of the fat-free body (DFFB) is not constant, and that the variation in bone mineral content affects the DFFB, which contributes to the differences between DXA and HW %FAT. We recommend further research to identify inconsistencies between manufacturers of DXA equipment in prediction of %FAT in <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28621454','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28621454"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with haemophilia have a different macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function profile compared with healthy controls.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sun, H; Yang, M; Fung, M; Chan, S; Jawi, M; Anderson, T; Poon, M-C; Jackson, S</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Endothelial function has been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in the general population. It is unclear if the haemophilia population has a different endothelial function profile compared to the healthy population. This prospective study aims to assess if there is a difference in endothelial function between haemophilia patients and healthy controls, and the impact of endothelial function on vascular outcomes in the haemophilia population. Baseline cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial function were presented. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with haemophilia A or B recruited from the British Columbia and Southern Alberta haemophilia treatment centres were matched to healthy <span class="hlt">male</span> controls by age and cardiovascular risk factors. Macrovascular endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD), and microvascular endothelial function was assessed by hyperaemic velocity time integral (VTI). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between haemophilia and endothelial function. A total of 81 patients with haemophilia and 243 controls were included. Patients with haemophilia had a similar FMD and NMD compared to controls, although haemophilia was associated with higher FMD on multivariable analysis. Haemophilia was associated with significantly lower VTI on univariate and multivariable analyses, regardless of haemophilia type and severity. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with haemophilia appear to have lower microvascular endothelial function compared to healthy controls. Future studies to assess the impact of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular events in the haemophilia population are needed. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23276674','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23276674"><span>Stress, κ manipulations, and aversive effects of ethanol in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Anderson, R I; Agoglia, A E; Morales, M; Varlinskaya, E I; Spear, L P</p> <p>2013-09-26</p> <p>Elevated ethanol use during adolescence, a potentially stressful developmental period, is accompanied by insensitivity to many aversive effects of ethanol relative to <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Given evidence that supports a role for stress and the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system in mediating aversive properties of ethanol and other drugs, the present study assessed the role of KOR antagonism by nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) on ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in stressed (exposed to repeated restraint) and non-stressed <span class="hlt">male</span> rats (Experiment 1), with half of the rats pretreated with nor-BNI before stressor exposure. In Experiment 2, CTA induced by the kappa agonist U62,066 was also compared in stressed and non-stressed adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A highly palatable solution (chocolate Boost) was used as the conditioned stimulus (CS), thereby avoiding the need for water deprivation to motivate consumption of the CS during conditioning. No effects of stress on ethanol-induced CTA were found, with all doses eliciting aversions in adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span> in both stress conditions. However, among stressed subjects, <span class="hlt">adults</span> given nor-BNI before the repeated stressor displayed blunted ethanol aversion relative to <span class="hlt">adults</span> given saline at that time. This effect of nor-BNI was not seen in adolescents, findings that support a differential role for the KOR involvement in ethanol CTA in stressed adolescents and <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Results from Experiment 2 revealed that all doses of U62,066 elicited aversions in non-stressed animals of both ages that were attenuated in stressed animals, findings that support a modulatory role for stress in aversive effects of KOR activation. Collectively, these results suggest that although KOR sensitivity appears to be reduced in stressed subjects, this receptor system does not appear to contribute to age differences in ethanol-induced CTA under the present test circumstances. Copyright © 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28476409','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28476409"><span>Differential behavioral effects of nicotine in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats with a history of prenatal methamphetamine exposure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rorabaugh, Boyd; Seeley, Sarah; Evans, Mary; Marengo, Christina; D'Souza, Manoranjan</p> <p>2017-06-09</p> <p>The goal of the current study was to assess the effects of prenatal methamphetamine (MA)/saline exposure on nicotine-induced stimulant and aversive effects in both <span class="hlt">male</span> and female <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats. The aversive effects of nicotine were assessed using the nicotine-induced conditioned taste aversion model (0.4mg/kg, base), while the stimulant effects of nicotine were measured by assessing changes in spontaneous locomotor activity after subcutaneous administration of different doses of nicotine (0, 0.1 & 0.4mg/kg, base). The aversive effects of nicotine were significantly decreased in <span class="hlt">male</span>, but not in female rats with a history of prenatal MA exposure compared to respective saline controls. No influence of prenatal MA exposure was observed on nicotine-induced increase in locomotor activity in either <span class="hlt">male</span> or female rats. In conclusion, <span class="hlt">males</span> with a history of prenatal MA exposure may be more vulnerable to nicotine addiction due to a decrease in nicotine-induced aversive effects. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16279828','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16279828"><span>Occlusal status in Asian <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>: prevalence and ethnic variation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Soh, Jen; Sandham, Andrew; Chan, Yiong Huak</p> <p>2005-09-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine the occlusal status in young Asian <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> of three ethnic groups. Study models of a sample of <span class="hlt">male</span> army recruits (N = 339, age 17-22 years) with no history of orthodontic treatment were assessed. The ethnic proportions of the sample were Chinese 76.1% (n = 258), Malay 17.7% (n = 60), and Indian 6.2% (n = 21). British Standard Institute (BSI) and Angle's classification were used to determine incisor and molar relationships, respectively. Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test was performed to compare the occlusal traits between ethnic groups. The distribution of incisor relationships of the total sample consisted of Class I = 48.1%, Class II/1 = 26.3%, Class II/2 = 3.2%, and Class III = 22.4%. Right Angle's molar relationships were 49.9%, 24.5%, and 24.2% whereas left Angle's molar relationships were 53.1%, 25.1%, and 21.2% for Class I, II, and III, respectively. Comparison between ethnic groups found that Indian subjects were more likely to have Class II/1 malocclusions and clinically missing permanent teeth (P < .05). The study found that the overall prevalence of malocclusion (BSI) was Class I, Class II/1, Class III, and Class II/2 in descending order of proportions. Angle's Class I molar was most prevalent followed by Class II and Class III relations. A significant difference in occlusal status between the ethnic groups was found regarding incisor relationship and missing permanent teeth (P < .05).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3983057','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3983057"><span>The Sun, Moon, Wind, and Biological Imperative–Shaping Contrasting Wintertime Migration and Foraging Strategies of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sterling, Jeremy T; Springer, Alan M.; Iverson, Sara J.; Johnson, Shawn P.; Pelland, Noel A.; Johnson, Devin S.; Lea, Mary-Anne; Bond, Nicholas A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are sexually segregated in different regions of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea during their winter migration. Explanations for this involve interplay between physiology, predator-prey dynamics, and ecosystem characteristics, however possible mechanisms lack empirical support. To investigate factors influencing the winter ecology of both sexes, we deployed five satellite-linked conductivity, temperature, and depth data loggers on <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, and six satellite-linked depth data loggers and four satellite transmitters on <span class="hlt">adult</span> females from St. Paul Island (Bering Sea, Alaska, USA) in October 2009. <span class="hlt">Males</span> and females migrated to different regions of the North Pacific Ocean: <span class="hlt">males</span> wintered in the Bering Sea and northern North Pacific Ocean, while females migrated to the Gulf of Alaska and California Current. Horizontal and vertical movement behaviors of both sexes were influenced by wind speed, season, light (sun and moon), and the ecosystem they occupied, although the expression of the behaviors differed between sexes. <span class="hlt">Male</span> dive depths were aligned with the depth of the mixed layer during daylight periods and we suspect this was the case for females upon their arrival to the California Current. We suggest that females, because of their smaller size and physiological limitations, must avoid severe winters typical of the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and migrate long distances to areas of more benign environmental conditions and where prey is shallower and more accessible. In contrast, <span class="hlt">males</span> can better tolerate often extreme winter ocean conditions and exploit prey at depth because of their greater size and physiological capabilities. We believe these contrasting winter behaviors 1) are a consequence of evolutionary selection for large size in <span class="hlt">males</span>, important to the acquisition and defense of territories against rivals during the breeding season, and 2) ease environmental</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24722344','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24722344"><span>The sun, moon, wind, and biological imperative-shaping contrasting wintertime migration and foraging strategies of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sterling, Jeremy T; Springer, Alan M; Iverson, Sara J; Johnson, Shawn P; Pelland, Noel A; Johnson, Devin S; Lea, Mary-Anne; Bond, Nicholas A</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are sexually segregated in different regions of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea during their winter migration. Explanations for this involve interplay between physiology, predator-prey dynamics, and ecosystem characteristics, however possible mechanisms lack empirical support. To investigate factors influencing the winter ecology of both sexes, we deployed five satellite-linked conductivity, temperature, and depth data loggers on <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, and six satellite-linked depth data loggers and four satellite transmitters on <span class="hlt">adult</span> females from St. Paul Island (Bering Sea, Alaska, USA) in October 2009. <span class="hlt">Males</span> and females migrated to different regions of the North Pacific Ocean: <span class="hlt">males</span> wintered in the Bering Sea and northern North Pacific Ocean, while females migrated to the Gulf of Alaska and California Current. Horizontal and vertical movement behaviors of both sexes were influenced by wind speed, season, light (sun and moon), and the ecosystem they occupied, although the expression of the behaviors differed between sexes. <span class="hlt">Male</span> dive depths were aligned with the depth of the mixed layer during daylight periods and we suspect this was the case for females upon their arrival to the California Current. We suggest that females, because of their smaller size and physiological limitations, must avoid severe winters typical of the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and migrate long distances to areas of more benign environmental conditions and where prey is shallower and more accessible. In contrast, <span class="hlt">males</span> can better tolerate often extreme winter ocean conditions and exploit prey at depth because of their greater size and physiological capabilities. We believe these contrasting winter behaviors 1) are a consequence of evolutionary selection for large size in <span class="hlt">males</span>, important to the acquisition and defense of territories against rivals during the breeding season, and 2) ease environmental</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7287599','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7287599"><span>Validation of social skills of adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> in an interview conversation with a previously unknown <span class="hlt">adult</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spence, S H</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Seventy convicted young <span class="hlt">male</span> offenders were videotaped during a 5-min standardized interview with a previously unknown <span class="hlt">adult</span>. In order to determine the social validity of the behavioral components of social interaction for this population, measures of 13 behaviors were obtained from the tapes. These measures were then correlated with ratings of friendliness, social anxiety, social skills performance, and employability made by four independent <span class="hlt">adult</span> judges from the same tapes. It was found that measures of eye contact and verbal initiations were correlated significantly with all four criterion rating scales. The frequencies of smiling and speech dysfluencies were both significantly correlated with ratings of friendliness and employability. The amount spoken was found to be a significant predictor of social skills performance whereas the frequency of head movements influenced judgments of social anxiety. The latency of response was negatively correlated with social skills and employability ratings and the frequency of question-asking and interruptions correlated significantly with friendliness, social skills, and employability ratings. Finally, the levels of gestures, gross body movements, and attention feedback responses were not found to influence judgments on any of the criterion scales. The implications of the study for selection of targets for social skills training for adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> offenders are discussed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1308199','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1308199"><span>Validation of social skills of adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> in an interview conversation with a previously unknown <span class="hlt">adult</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Spence, S H</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Seventy convicted young <span class="hlt">male</span> offenders were videotaped during a 5-min standardized interview with a previously unknown <span class="hlt">adult</span>. In order to determine the social validity of the behavioral components of social interaction for this population, measures of 13 behaviors were obtained from the tapes. These measures were then correlated with ratings of friendliness, social anxiety, social skills performance, and employability made by four independent <span class="hlt">adult</span> judges from the same tapes. It was found that measures of eye contact and verbal initiations were correlated significantly with all four criterion rating scales. The frequencies of smiling and speech dysfluencies were both significantly correlated with ratings of friendliness and employability. The amount spoken was found to be a significant predictor of social skills performance whereas the frequency of head movements influenced judgments of social anxiety. The latency of response was negatively correlated with social skills and employability ratings and the frequency of question-asking and interruptions correlated significantly with friendliness, social skills, and employability ratings. Finally, the levels of gestures, gross body movements, and attention feedback responses were not found to influence judgments on any of the criterion scales. The implications of the study for selection of targets for social skills training for adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> offenders are discussed. PMID:7287599</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28487656','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28487656"><span>Adolescent Female Cannabinoid Exposure Diminishes the Reward-Facilitating Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and d-Amphetamine in the <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Offspring.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pitsilis, George; Spyridakos, Dimitrios; Nomikos, George G; Panagis, George</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Marijuana is currently the most commonly abused illicit drug. According to recent studies, cannabinoid use occurring prior to pregnancy can impact brain plasticity and behavior in future generations. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether adolescent exposure of female rats to Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) induces transgenerational effects on the reward-facilitating effects of Δ 9 -THC and d -amphetamine in their <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received Δ 9 -THC (0.1 or 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle during postnatal days 28-50. As <span class="hlt">adults</span>, females were mated with drug-naïve <span class="hlt">males</span>. We then assessed potential alterations of the Δ 9 -THC's (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and d -amphetamine's (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) reward-modifying effects using the curve-shift variant of the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure in their <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> F1 offspring. The reward-facilitating effect of the 0.1 mg dose of Δ 9 -THC was abolished in the F1 offspring of females that were exposed to Δ 9 -THC (0.1 or 1 mg/kg), whereas the reward-attenuating effect of the 1 mg dose of Δ 9 -THC remained unaltered. The reward-facilitating effects of 0.5 and 1 mg of d -amphetamine were significantly decreased in the F1 offspring of females that were exposed to Δ 9 -THC (1 mg/kg and 0.1 or 1 mg, respectively). The present results reveal that female Δ 9 -THC exposure during adolescence can diminish the reward-facilitating effects of Δ 9 -THC and d -amphetamine in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. These transgenerational effects occur in the absence of in utero exposure. It is speculated that Δ 9 -THC exposure during female adolescence may affect neural mechanisms that are shaping reward-related behavioral responses in a subsequent generation, as indicated by the shifts in the reward-facilitating effects of commonly used and abused drugs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4874330','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4874330"><span>Simple Circumcision Device: Proof-of-Concept for a Single-visit, Adjustable Device to Facilitate Safe <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Circumcision</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hotaling, James M; Leddy, Laura S; Haider, Mahum A; Mossanen, Matthew; Bailey, Michael R; MacConaghy, Brian; Olson, Francis; Krieger, John N</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Objective To conduct a proof-of-concept study to determine the potential utility of a novel, adjustable single-visit, disposable device to facilitate rapid <span class="hlt">adult</span> circumcision. Design Prospective pilot trial of a novel surgical device Setting Tertiary care Veterans Administration medical center Patients 5 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> Interventions Circumcisions performed by junior trainees using an adjustable, single-size surgical-assist device constructed by the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory. Main Outcome Measure(s) The attending surgeon and trainees completed standardized forms after each procedure to assess technical problems and ease of use. Follow-up visits were scheduled to evaluate adverse events, post-operative pain, cosmetic outcomes and participant satisfaction at 3, 8, 30 and 90 days post-operatively. Results The average operative time was 16.4 minutes. All cases were performed with local anesthesia and no case required electrocautery or conversion to standard surgery. At the post-operative day 3 visit all subjects were happy with their results and would recommend the procedure to another patient. One participant had a minor wound separation noted at the 30-day visit that resolved during follow-up. There were no wound infections, hematomas or other adverse events. Conclusions This proof-of-study suggests that the Simple Circumcision Device (SCD) may facilitate delivery of safe <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision services. PMID:24613534</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26498227','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26498227"><span>Oxytocin enhances orienting to social information in a selective group of high-functioning <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> with autism spectrum disorder.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Althaus, M; Groen, Y; Wijers, A A; Noltes, H; Tucha, O; Hoekstra, P J</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The study investigated the effects of nasally administered oxytocin on neurophysiological orienting to empathy-evoking pictures in normally intelligent <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It further investigated whether these effects might be moderated by the individual's approach and avoidance tendencies. All subjects participated in a randomised double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial where either oxytocin (OXT) or placebo was administered preceding the viewing of affective pictures.The pictures, selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), represented a systematic variation of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral scenes with and without humans. Both cardiac (ECR) and cortical (LPP) evoked orienting responses were measured and both were enhanced for the pictures with humans, in particular for the unpleasant ones. No significant group differences were found, nor were there any treatment effects. Moderator analysis, however, demonstrated that OXT did enhance orienting to affective pictures with humansin <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> with ASD who are easily distressed when seeing others in stressful situations and in healthy <span class="hlt">males</span> who are highly sensitive to anticipated punishment and criticism or have a low drive for goal achievement. Individual differences in stress-related avoidance tendencies should be taken into account when considering OXT as a treatment of social deficiencies in autism. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381300','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381300"><span>Intersex and liver alterations induced by long-term sublethal exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Young, Brian Jonathan; López, Gabriela Carina; Cristos, Diego Sebastián; Crespo, Diana Cristina; Somoza, Gustavo Manuel; Carriquiriborde, Pedro</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to assess the responses of the gonopodium morphology and the gonadal and liver histology of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Cnesterodon decemmaculatus to sublethal long-term exposure concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Two experiments were conducted exposing the fish to waterborne concentrations of EE2 ranging from 20 ng/L to 200 ng/L for 8 wk, 12 wk, and 16 wk. Intersex gonads were observed after 8 wk and 16 wk in fish exposed to 200 ng EE2/L and 100 ng EE2/L, respectively. Oocytes' development from testis germ cells and replacement of the efferent duct periodic acid-Schiff-positive secretion surrounding spermatozeugmata by parenchymal tissue and duct structure alterations were the major observed changes in the gonads. In contrast, no response was observed in the gonopodium morphology. Liver histology was also altered, showing increasing steatosis, single-cell necrosis to generalized necrosis, and disruption of acinar organization from 100 ng EE2/L to 200 ng EE2/L. In summary, the present results showed that although EE2 was not able to alter the morphology of a developed gonopodium, it was capable of inducing development of testicular oocytes in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> C. decemmaculatus at environmentally relevant concentrations. Thus, externally normal but intersex C. decemmaculatus <span class="hlt">males</span> would be expected in the wastewater-receiving streams that the species inhabits. According to the literature, the present study would be the first indicating estrogen-induced intersex in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> poeciliid. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1738-1745. © 2016 SETAC. © 2016 SETAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22098543-organ-doses-reference-adult-male-female-undergoing-computed-tomography-estimated-monte-carlo-simulations','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22098543-organ-doses-reference-adult-male-female-undergoing-computed-tomography-estimated-monte-carlo-simulations"><span>Organ doses for reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female undergoing computed tomography estimated by Monte Carlo simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lee, Choonsik; Kim, Kwang Pyo; Long, Daniel</p> <p>2011-03-15</p> <p>Purpose: To develop a computed tomography (CT) organ dose estimation method designed to readily provide organ doses in a reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female for different scan ranges to investigate the degree to which existing commercial programs can reasonably match organ doses defined in these more anatomically realistic <span class="hlt">adult</span> hybrid phantomsMethods: The x-ray fan beam in the SOMATOM Sensation 16 multidetector CT scanner was simulated within the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNPX2.6. The simulated CT scanner model was validated through comparison with experimentally measured lateral free-in-air dose profiles and computed tomography dose index (CTDI) values. The reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> malemore » and female hybrid phantoms were coupled with the established CT scanner model following arm removal to simulate clinical head and other body region scans. A set of organ dose matrices were calculated for a series of consecutive axial scans ranging from the top of the head to the bottom of the phantoms with a beam thickness of 10 mm and the tube potentials of 80, 100, and 120 kVp. The organ doses for head, chest, and abdomen/pelvis examinations were calculated based on the organ dose matrices and compared to those obtained from two commercial programs, CT-EXPO and CTDOSIMETRY. Organ dose calculations were repeated for an <span class="hlt">adult</span> stylized phantom by using the same simulation method used for the <span class="hlt">adult</span> hybrid phantom. Results: Comparisons of both lateral free-in-air dose profiles and CTDI values through experimental measurement with the Monte Carlo simulations showed good agreement to within 9%. Organ doses for head, chest, and abdomen/pelvis scans reported in the commercial programs exceeded those from the Monte Carlo calculations in both the hybrid and stylized phantoms in this study, sometimes by orders of magnitude. Conclusions: The organ dose estimation method and dose matrices established in this study readily provides organ doses for a reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29486413','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29486413"><span>Ladies first: Female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> height in Switzerland, 1770-1930.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koepke, Nikola; Floris, Joël; Pfister, Christian; Rühli, Frank J; Staub, Kaspar</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>When investigating the well-being of a society, the living conditions of females are of special importance, not only due to the immediate impact for those directly involved, but also because of the potential intergenerational effects. Studying the dimorphism in the mean height helps to depict variation in the basic biological sex difference due to gender-related factors that potentially determine net nutrition. To expand knowledge of diachronic development in Swiss well-being conditions we investigate changes in the height of <span class="hlt">adult</span> females born 1770-1930, and compare the series with data on contemporary <span class="hlt">males</span> from the same sources: We employ a sample of N = 21'028 women and N = 21'329 men from passport-, convict-, maternity hospital-, and voluntary World War II army auxiliary records. The secular height trend is found both in <span class="hlt">males</span>, from the 1870s/1880s, and in females starting with the 1840s/1850s birth cohorts. During the decades under study, mean height increased from 157 cm to 164 cm in female and 167 cm to 172 cm in <span class="hlt">male</span> passport applicants, 154 cm to 159 cm in female and 167 cm to 169 cm in <span class="hlt">male</span> convicts, 159 cm to 163 cm in female auxiliaries, and 155 cm to 159 cm in females giving birth in the maternity hospital of Basel. Because females seem to have started the secular trend in height earlier than their <span class="hlt">male</span> contemporaries, the height dimorphism decreased during the second half of the 19th century. Differences between socio-economic status (SES) and data sources are found in both females and <span class="hlt">males</span>: Women with low SES were significantly shorter than those of the other SES groups in all sources (on average 1.40 cm, p-values between 0.00 and 0.03). In men we found individuals of upper SES to be significantly taller (on average 1.96 cm, p-value = 0.00-0.10). Concerning differences between the sources, overall, passport applicants were the tallest for men as well as women; in females the individuals measured at the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23360498','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23360498"><span>A review of the nature and effectiveness of nutrition interventions in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>--a guide for intervention strategies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Taylor, Pennie J; Kolt, Gregory S; Vandelanotte, Corneel; Caperchione, Cristina M; Mummery, W Kerry; George, Emma S; Karunanithi, Mohanraj; Noakes, Manny J</p> <p>2013-01-29</p> <p>Energy excess, low fruit and vegetable intake and other suboptimal dietary habits contribute to an increased poor health and the burden of disease in <span class="hlt">males</span>. However the best way to engage <span class="hlt">males</span> into nutrition programs remains unclear. This review provides a critical evaluation of the nature and effectiveness of nutrition interventions that target the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> population. A search for full-text publications was conducted using The Cochrane Library; Web of Science; SCOPUS; MEDLINE and CINAHL. Studies were included if 1) published from January 1990 to August 2011 and 2) <span class="hlt">male</span> only studies (≥18 years) or 3) where <span class="hlt">males</span> contributed to >90% of the active cohort. A study must have described, (i) a significant change (p<0.05) over time in an objective measure of body weight, expressed in kilograms (kg) OR Body Mass Index (BMI) OR (ii) at least one significant change (p<0.05) in a dietary intake measure to qualify as effective. To identify emerging patterns within the research a descriptive process was used. Nine studies were included. Sample sizes ranged from 53 to 5042 <span class="hlt">male</span> participants, with study durations ranging from 12 weeks to 24 months. Overlap was seen with eight of the nine studies including a weight management component whilst six studies focused on achieving changes in dietary intake patterns relating to modifications of fruit, vegetable, dairy and total fat intakes and three studies primarily focused on achieving weight loss through caloric restriction. Intervention effectiveness was identified for seven of the nine studies. Five studies reported significant positive changes in weight (kg) and/or BMI (kg/m2) changes (p≤0.05). Four studies had effective interventions (p<0.05) targeting determinants of dietary intake and dietary behaviours and/or nutritional intake.Intervention features, which appeared to be associated with better outcomes, include the delivery of quantitative information on diet and the use of self-monitoring and tailored feedback</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4856368','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4856368"><span>Underwater Optics in <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> and Antarctic Coastal Ecosystems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Huovinen, Pirjo; Ramírez, Jaime; Gómez, Iván</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Understanding underwater optics in natural waters is essential in evaluating aquatic primary production and risk of UV exposure in aquatic habitats. Changing environmental conditions related with global climate change, which imply potential contrasting changes in underwater light climate further emphasize the need to gain insights into patterns related with underwater optics for more accurate future predictions. The present study evaluated penetration of solar radiation in six <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> estuaries and fjords in Chilean North Patagonian region (39–44°S) and in an Antarctic bay (62°S). Based on vertical diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd), derived from measurements with a submersible multichannel radiometer, average summer UV penetration depth (z1%) in these water bodies ranged 2–11 m for UV-B (313 nm), 4–27 m for UV-A (395 nm), and 7–30 m for PAR (euphotic zone). UV attenuation was strongest in the shallow Quempillén estuary, while Fildes Bay (Antarctica) exhibited the highest transparency. Optically non-homogeneous water layers and seasonal variation in transparency (lower in winter) characterized Comau Fjord and Puyuhuapi Channel. In general, multivariate analysis based on Kd values of UV and PAR wavelengths discriminated strongly Quempillén estuary and Puyuhuapi Channel from other study sites. Spatial (horizontal) variation within the estuary of Valdivia river reflected stronger attenuation in zones receiving river impact, while within Fildes Bay a lower spatial variation in water transparency could in general be related to closeness of glaciers, likely due to increased turbidity through ice-driven processes. Higher transparency and deeper UV-B penetration in proportion to UV-A/visible wavelengths observed in Fildes Bay suggests a higher risk for Antarctic ecosystems reflected by e.g. altered UV-B damage vs. photorepair under UV-A/PAR. Considering that damage repair processes often slow down under cool temperatures, adverse UV impact could be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ASAJ..115.2611K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ASAJ..115.2611K"><span>Acoustic correlates of Japanese expressions associated with voice quality of <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kido, Hiroshi; Kasuya, Hideki</p> <p>2004-05-01</p> <p>Japanese expressions associated with the voice quality of <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> were extracted by a series of questionnaire surveys and statistical multivariate analysis. One hundred and thirty-seven Japanese expressions were collected through the first questionnaire and careful investigations of well-established Japanese dictionaries and articles. From the second questionnaire about familiarity with each of the expressions and synonymity that were addressed to 249 subjects, 25 expressions were extracted. The third questionnaire was about an evaluation of their own voice quality. By applying a statistical clustering method and a correlation analysis to the results of the questionnaires, eight bipolar expressions and one unipolar expression were obtained. They constituted high-pitched/low-pitched, masculine/feminine, hoarse/clear, calm/excited, powerful/weak, youthful/elderly, thick/thin, tense/lax, and nasal, respectively. Acoustic correlates of each of the eight bipolar expressions were extracted by means of perceptual evaluation experiments that were made with sentence utterances of 36 <span class="hlt">males</span> and by a statistical decision tree method. They included an average of the fundamental frequency (F0) of the utterance, speaking rate, spectral tilt, formant frequency parameter, standard deviation of F0 values, and glottal noise, when SPL of each of the stimuli was maintained identical in the perceptual experiments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12078220','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12078220"><span>[Chronobiological studies on effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) against <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> worms of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, J; Chappell, L H</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>To study the action mode of cyclosporin A (CsA) against Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. MF1 mice were infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae for 6 weeks when the <span class="hlt">adult</span> worms were recovered by portal perfusion. The <span class="hlt">male</span> worms of S. mansoni recovered were exposed to varying concentrations of CsA at 8, 16, and 24 h in vitro. Drug induced damage to the <span class="hlt">male</span> worm surface was chrono-biologically observed throughout these experiments by SEM. After the <span class="hlt">male</span> worms of S. mansoni were incubated with 1 microgram/ml CsA for 8-24 h, the tegument showed swelling of ridges with appearance of holes on their surface and detachment of a part of spines. The above damage of the tegument became more evident in <span class="hlt">male</span> worms after incubation with 10, 15, 20 micrograms/ml CsA for 8-24 h. Moreover, incubation of <span class="hlt">male</span> worms with 25 micrograms/ml CsA for 8-24 h resulted in significant deformation and disruption of tegument, rupture of ridges and detachment of spines. The tegumental damage of <span class="hlt">male</span> worms of S. mansoni was dose- and time-dependent. The antischistosomal action of CsA is direct, the schistosome tegument appears to be the main site for CsA attack.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5010255','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5010255"><span>Scale-Dependent Habitat Selection and Size-Based Dominance in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> American Alligators</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Strickland, Bradley A.; Vilella, Francisco J.; Belant, Jerrold L.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Habitat selection is an active behavioral process that may vary across spatial and temporal scales. Animals choose an area of primary utilization (i.e., home range) then make decisions focused on resource needs within patches. Dominance may affect the spatial distribution of conspecifics and concomitant habitat selection. Size-dependent social dominance hierarchies have been documented in captive alligators, but evidence is lacking from wild populations. We studied habitat selection for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis; n = 17) on the Pearl River in central Mississippi, USA, to test whether habitat selection was scale-dependent and individual resource selectivity was a function of conspecific body size. We used K-select analysis to quantify selection at the home range scale and patches within the home range to determine selection congruency and important habitat variables. In addition, we used linear models to determine if body size was related to selection patterns and strengths. Our results indicated habitat selection of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> alligators was a scale-dependent process. Alligators demonstrated greater overall selection for habitat variables at the patch level and less at the home range level, suggesting resources may not be limited when selecting a home range for animals in our study area. Further, diurnal habitat selection patterns may depend on thermoregulatory needs. There was no relationship between resource selection or home range size and body size, suggesting size-dependent dominance hierarchies may not have influenced alligator resource selection or space use in our sample. Though apparent habitat suitability and low alligator density did not manifest in an observed dominance hierarchy, we hypothesize that a change in either could increase intraspecific interactions, facilitating a dominance hierarchy. Due to the broad and diverse ecological roles of alligators, understanding the factors that influence their social dominance</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70178869','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70178869"><span>Scale-dependent habitat selection and size-based dominance in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> American alligators</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Strickland, Bradley A.; Vilella, Francisco; Belant, Jerrold L.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Habitat selection is an active behavioral process that may vary across spatial and temporal scales. Animals choose an area of primary utilization (i.e., home range) then make decisions focused on resource needs within patches. Dominance may affect the spatial distribution of conspecifics and concomitant habitat selection. Size-dependent social dominance hierarchies have been documented in captive alligators, but evidence is lacking from wild populations. We studied habitat selection for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis; n = 17) on the Pearl River in central Mississippi, USA, to test whether habitat selection was scale-dependent and individual resource selectivity was a function of conspecific body size. We used K-select analysis to quantify selection at the home range scale and patches within the home range to determine selection congruency and important habitat variables. In addition, we used linear models to determine if body size was related to selection patterns and strengths. Our results indicated habitat selection of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> alligators was a scale-dependent process. Alligators demonstrated greater overall selection for habitat variables at the patch level and less at the home range level, suggesting resources may not be limited when selecting a home range for animals in our study area. Further, diurnal habitat selection patterns may depend on thermoregulatory needs. There was no relationship between resource selection or home range size and body size, suggesting size-dependent dominance hierarchies may not have influenced alligator resource selection or space use in our sample. Though apparent habitat suitability and low alligator density did not manifest in an observed dominance hierarchy, we hypothesize that a change in either could increase intraspecific interactions, facilitating a dominance hierarchy. Due to the broad and diverse ecological roles of alligators, understanding the factors that influence their social dominance</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2475667','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2475667"><span>Estimating the Resources Needed and Savings Anticipated from Roll-Out of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Circumcision in Sub-Saharan Africa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Auvert, Bertran; Marseille, Elliot; Korenromp, Eline L.; Lloyd-Smith, James; Sitta, Remi; Taljaard, Dirk; Pretorius, Carel; Williams, Brian; Kahn, James G.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Background Trials in Africa indicate that medical <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision (MAMC) reduces the risk of HIV by 60%. MAMC may avert 2 to 8 million HIV infections over 20 years in sub-Saharan Africa and cost less than treating those who would have been infected. This paper estimates the financial and human resources required to roll out MAMC and the net savings due to reduced infections. Methods We developed a model which included costing, demography and HIV epidemiology. We used it to investigate 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa where the prevalence of <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision was lower than 80% and HIV prevalence among <span class="hlt">adults</span> was higher than 5%, in addition to Uganda and the Nyanza province in Kenya. We assumed that the roll-out would take 5 years and lead to an MC prevalence among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> of 85%. We also assumed that surgery would be done as it was in the trials. We calculated public program cost, number of full-time circumcisers and net costs or savings when adjusting for averted HIV treatments. Costs were in USD, discounted to 2007. 95% percentile intervals (95% PI) were estimated by Monte Carlo simulations. Results In the first 5 years the number of circumcisers needed was 2 282 (95% PI: 2 018 to 2 959), or 0.24 (95% PI: 0.21 to 0.31) per 10 000 <span class="hlt">adults</span>. In years 6–10, the number of circumcisers needed fell to 513 (95% PI: 452 to 664). The estimated 5-year cost of rolling out MAMC in the public sector was $919 million (95% PI: 726 to 1 245). The cumulative net cost over the first 10 years was $672 million (95% PI: 437 to 1 021) and over 20 years there were net savings of $2.3 billion (95% PI: 1.4 to 3.4). Conclusion A rapid roll-out of MAMC in sub-Saharan Africa requires substantial funding and a high number of circumcisers for the first five years. These investments are justified by MAMC's substantial health benefits and the savings accrued by averting future HIV infections. Lower ongoing costs and continued care savings suggest long</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3691302','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3691302"><span>Vasopressin infusion into the lateral septum of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats rescues progesterone induced impairment in social recognition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bychowski, Meaghan E.; Mena, Jesus D.; Auger, Catherine J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>It is well established that social recognition memory is mediated, in part, by arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP cells within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and medial amygdala (MeA) send AVP-ergic projections to the lateral septum (LS). We have demonstrated that progesterone treatment decreases AVP immunoreactivity within the BST, the MeA and the LS, and that progesterone treatment impairs social recognition. These data suggested that progesterone may impair social recognition memory by decreasing AVP. In the present experiment, we hypothesized that infusions of AVP into the LS would rescue the progesterone induced impairment in social recognition within <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. One week after <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats underwent cannula surgery, they were given systemic injections of either a physiological dose of progesterone or oil control for three days. Four hours after the last injection, we tested social recognition memory using the social discrimination paradigm, a two-trial test that is based on the natural propensity for rats to be highly motivated to investigate novel conspecifics. Immediately after the first exposure to a juvenile, each animal received bilateral infusions of either AVP or artificial CSF (aCSF) into the LS. Our results show that, as expected, control animals exhibited normal social discrimination. In corroboration with our previous results, animals given progesterone have impaired social discrimination. Interestingly, animals treated with progesterone and AVP exhibited normal social discrimination, suggesting that AVP treatment rescued the impairment in social recognition caused by progesterone. These data also further support a role for progesterone in modulating vasopressin dependent behavior within the <span class="hlt">male</span> brain. PMID:23639881</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28579336','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28579336"><span>Relationship Between Use of Videogames and Sexual Health in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sansone, Andrea; Sansone, Massimiliano; Proietti, Marco; Ciocca, Giacomo; Lenzi, Andrea; Jannini, Emmanuele A; Romanelli, Francesco</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p> health in gamers. We identified an association between PEDT and IIEF scores and videogame use; however, these findings require validation through interventional studies. Furthermore, volunteers were recruited through social networks, thus increasing the risk of recruitment bias. To our knowledge, this is the first observational study investigating the link between electronic entertainment and <span class="hlt">male</span> sexuality, specifically for ejaculatory response and sexual desire. Sansone A, Sansone M, Proietti M, et al. Relationship Between Use of Videogames and Sexual Health in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>. J Sex Med 2017;14:898-903. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AcO....29..305S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AcO....29..305S"><span>Spacing behaviour of juvenile corn mice, Calomys musculinus , at the beginning of the breeding period, in absence of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Steinmann, Andrea; Priotto, José; Sommaro, Lucia; Polop, Jaime</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>This research was carried out to examine the hypothesis that the absence of fathers promotes a different spacing behaviour in juveniles Calomys musculinus at the beginning of the breeding period. The study was carried out in four 0.25-ha enclosures (two control and two experimental), in a natural pasture, between November 2003 and February 2004. In this study the fathers were removed from the experimental enclosures after juveniles were born. Home-range size depended on sex of juveniles and treatment (father removal). In control and experimental enclosures, female home-range sizes were always smaller than <span class="hlt">male</span> home-ranges. <span class="hlt">Male</span> home-ranges were always larger in experimental enclosures than in control enclosures. Treatment and overlap type (intra- and inter-sexual) were not independent. The overlap proportions of <span class="hlt">male</span> home-ranges were greatest in experimental enclosures than in control enclosures, in both the overlap types (<span class="hlt">male/male</span>, <span class="hlt">males</span>/females). The intra- (females/females) and inter-sexual (females/<span class="hlt">males</span>) overlap proportions of female home-ranges were independent of treatment. In C. musculinus, at the beginning of the breeding period and in absence of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, juvenile <span class="hlt">males</span> increase their home-range size and therefore the degree of inter- and intra-sexual home-range overlap as a mechanism for enlarging the number of receptive females that they encounter.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29723977','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29723977"><span>Body Mass, Total Body Fat Percentage, and Visceral Fat Level Predict Insulin Resistance Better Than Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index in Healthy Young <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adults</span> in Indonesia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kurniawan, Liong Boy; Bahrun, Uleng; Hatta, Mochammad; Arif, Mansyur</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The incidence of obesity which leads to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disorder is increasing in developing countries, including Indonesia. <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> have a higher risk of abdominal obesity than females. This is associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Several anthropometric measurements have been proposed to predict IR. The aim of this study was to investigate whether body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF) or visceral fat level (VF) could become a better predictor of IR in healthy young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A total of 140 healthy young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> ranging from 18⁻25 years were recruited in the study. Insulin resistance was measured by calculating their Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Subjects with a HOMA-IR value ≥75th percentile, with cut off 3.75, were defined as IR. Anthropometric measurements including body weight, BMI, and WC were performed, whereas BF and VC were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). IR had a strong correlation with body weight, BMI, WC, BF, and VF. In the area under the curve of body mass, BF and VF were slightly greater than WC and BMI. Anthropometric measurements correlated strongly with IR but body weight, BF, VF had a stronger correlation than WC and BMI in healthy young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745559','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745559"><span>Dyadic Qualitative Analysis of Condom Use Scripts Among Emerging <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Gay <span class="hlt">Male</span> Couples.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Starks, Tyrel J; Pawson, Mark; Stephenson, Rob; Sullivan, Patrick; Parsons, Jeffrey T</p> <p>2018-04-03</p> <p>Sexual risk reduction among gay <span class="hlt">male</span> couples has received increasing attention in light of evidence that primary partners account for many-and possibly most-new HIV infections. This study examined the content of condom use scripts in interviews conducted with both members of 17 HIV-negative gay <span class="hlt">male</span> couples. In each couple, at least one partner was an emerging <span class="hlt">adult</span> (aged 18 to 29). Three scripts were identified: romantic love, unanticipated condomless anal intercourse (CAI), and negotiated safety. Scripts varied in their emphasis on emotional factors versus HIV risk reduction, the salience of sexual agreements, and the presence of an explicit communication goal. Results indicated that condom use may vary for couples as a result of script content and from the fluid adoption of scripts across contexts. Results highlighted potential tensions between emotional closeness and HIV prevention. Condom use cessation and sexual agreements-a potential mechanism for HIV risk reduction-may also serve as expressions of intimacy. This implies interventions that facilitate direct communication about sexual and relational goals-as well as those that expand couples' repertoires for expressing emotional closeness-may enhance sexual health for gay couples, particularly during the period of emerging adulthood.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356210','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356210"><span>Angiostrongylus cantonensis: identification and characterization of microRNAs in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Mu-Xin; Ai, Lin; Xu, Min-Jun; Zhang, Ren-Li; Chen, Shao-Hong; Zhang, Yong-Nian; Guo, Jian; Cai, Yu-Chun; Tian, Li-Guang; Zhang, Ling-Ling; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Chen, Jia-Xu</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic pleocytosis in humans and is of significant socio-economic importance globally. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in gene expression regulation, cellular function and defense, homeostasis and pathogenesis. They have been identified in a diverse range of organisms. The objective of this study was to determine and characterize miRNAs of female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> of A. cantonensis by Solexa deep sequencing. A total of 8,861,260 and 10,957,957 high quality reads with 20 and 23 conserved miRNAs were obtained in females and <span class="hlt">males</span>, respectively. No new miRNA sequence was found. Nucleotide bias analysis showed that uracil was the prominent nucleotide, particularly at positions of 1, 10, 14, 17 and 22, approximately at the beginning, middle and the end of the conserved miRNAs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of miRNA profiles in A. cantonensis, which may represent a new platform for studying regulation of genes and their networks in A. cantonensis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19137444','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19137444"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> infertility associated with <span class="hlt">adult</span> dominant polycystic kidney disease: a case series.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shefi, Shai; Levron, Jacob; Nadu, Andrei; Raviv, Gil</p> <p>2009-09-01</p> <p>Although described earlier, the association of <span class="hlt">male</span> infertility with <span class="hlt">adult</span> dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is quite rare and unfamiliar to some of the multidisciplinary team members caring for affected men. Infertile men diagnosed to have ADPKD were evaluated by clinical characteristics including testis volume, as well as serum hormone levels, semen analysis, and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) because of low volume ejaculate. Semen analysis revealed low-normal volume, normal pH, and azoospermia/virtual azoospermia. Serum hormones were within the normal range. Transrectal ultrasonography demonstrated cystic dilatation of the seminal vesicles in all three men. Patients should be referred for andrological evaluation of a presentation similar to obstructive azoospermia. Their potential to achieve paternity by surgical sperm retrieval combined with assisted reproductive technology is another example of cooperation between andrologists and gynecologists.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25423551','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25423551"><span>Wandering albatrosses document latitudinal variations in the transfer of persistent organic pollutants and mercury to Southern Ocean predators.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Carravieri, Alice; Bustamante, Paco; Tartu, Sabrina; Meillère, Alizée; Labadie, Pierre; Budzinski, Hélène; Peluhet, Laurent; Barbraud, Christophe; Weimerskirch, Henri; Chastel, Olivier; Cherel, Yves</p> <p>2014-12-16</p> <p>Top marine predators are effective tools to monitor bioaccumulative contaminants in remote oceanic environments. Here, we used the wide-ranging wandering albatross Diomedea exulans to investigate potential geographical variations of contaminant transfer to predators in the Southern Ocean. Blood concentrations of 19 persistent organic pollutants and 14 trace elements were measured in a large number of individuals (N = 180) of known age, sex and breeding status from the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Crozet Islands. Wandering albatrosses were exposed to a wide range of contaminants, with notably high blood mercury concentrations. Contaminant burden was markedly influenced by latitudinal foraging habitats (inferred from blood δ(13)C values), with individuals feeding in warmer subtropical waters having lower concentrations of pesticides, but higher concentrations of mercury, than those feeding in colder <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> waters. Sexual differences in contaminant burden seemed to be driven by gender specialization in feeding habitats, rather than physiological characteristics, with females foraging further north than <span class="hlt">males</span>. Other individual traits, such as <span class="hlt">adult</span> age and reproductive status, had little effect on blood contaminant concentrations. Our study provides further evidence of the critical role of global distillation on organic contaminant exposure to Southern Ocean avian predators. In addition, we document an unexpected high transfer of mercury to predators in subtropical waters, which merits further investigation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19938652','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19938652"><span>Are 1994 alcohol production and the sales deregulation policy in Japan associated with increased road traffic fatalities among <span class="hlt">adult</span> and teenage <span class="hlt">males</span> and females in Japan?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Desapriya, Ediriweera; Fujiwara, Takeo; Scime, Giulia; Sasges, Deborah; Pike, Ian; Shimizu, Shinji</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>International studies have shown a significant association between alcohol availability and traffic crashes that involve alcohol-impaired drivers. A key limitation to previous alcohol availability and motor vehicle crash (MVC) evaluation research is the assumption of population homogeneity in responding to the policies. The present analysis focuses on the evaluation of the impact of alcohol availability on different segments of the Japanese population by comparing MVC fatality rates from before and after implementation of the alcohol deregulation policy in 1994. Poisson regression with robust standard error was used to model the before-to-after change in incidence rate ratios (IRR) in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, <span class="hlt">adult</span> females, teenage <span class="hlt">males</span> and teenage females. To control potential confounders, unemployment rate, vehicle miles of travel (VMT), vehicle registration, and number of drivers licensed in Japan were added to the model. The exponents of the fitted coefficients are equivalent to incidence rate ratios. Implementation of the policy deregulating alcohol sales and production did not appear to increase traffic fatalities among <span class="hlt">adult</span> or teenage <span class="hlt">males</span> or females in Japan. We found that <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> fatalities demonstrated a statistically significant decline following enactment of the deregulation policy in 1994. Contrary to previous research, the findings of this study demonstrated lower rates of fatalities and higher compliance with alcohol-related driving legislation in Japanese society following implementation of the deregulation policy in 1994. Further well designed, nonaligned studies on alcohol availability and traffic fatalities in other countries are urgently needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4528960','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4528960"><span>Reversing song behavior phenotype: testosterone driven induction of singing and measures of song quality in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female canaries (Serinus canaria)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Madison, Farrah N.; Rouse, Melvin L.; Balthazart, Jacques; Ball, Gregory F</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In songbirds, such as canaries (Serinus canaria), the song control circuit has been shown to undergo a remarkable change in morphology in response to exogenous testosterone (T). It is also well established that HVC, a telencephalic nucleus involved in song production, is significantly larger in <span class="hlt">males</span> than in females. T regulates seasonal changes in HVC volume in <span class="hlt">males</span> and exposure to exogenous T in <span class="hlt">adult</span> females increases HVC volume and singing activity such that their song becomes more <span class="hlt">male</span>-like in frequency and structure. However, whether there are sex differences in the ability of T to modulate changes in the song system and song behavior has not been investigated in canaries. In this study, we compared the effects of increasing doses of T on singing and song control nuclei volumes in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female American Singer canaries exposed to identical environmental conditions. <span class="hlt">Males</span> were castrated and all birds were placed on short days (8L:16D) for 8 weeks. <span class="hlt">Males</span> and females were implanted either with a 2, 6 or 12 mm long Silastic™ implant filled with crystalline T or an empty 12 mm implant as control. Birds were then housed individually in sound attenuated chambers. Brains were collected from six birds from each group after 1 week or 3 weeks of treatment. Testosterone was not equally effective in increasing singing activity in both <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. Changes in song quality and occurrence rate took place after a shorter latency in <span class="hlt">males</span> than in females however, females did undergo marked changes in a number of measures of song behavior if given sufficient time. <span class="hlt">Males</span> responded with an increase in HVC volume at all three doses. In females, T-induced changes in HVC volume only had limited amplitude and these volumes never reached <span class="hlt">male</span>-typical levels a suggesting that there are sex differences in the neural substrate that responds to T. PMID:25260250</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875993','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875993"><span>The role of adolescent behaviors in the female-<span class="hlt">male</span> disparity in obesity incidence in US black and white young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Robinson, Whitney R; Stevens, June; Kaufman, Jay S; Gordon-Larsen, Penny</p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>In the United States, black women are at much greater risk for obesity than black men. We explored whether adolescent behaviors (family dinners, hours of television, playing sports with mother, playing sports with father, bouts of physical activity) were associated with gender disparity in 6-year obesity incidence in young adulthood. We used data from the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine adolescent behaviors in nonimmigrant black (n = 1,503) and white (n = 4,452) youths in 1994-95 (aged 11-19 years) and 1995-96 (aged 12-20). We assessed gender disparity in obesity incidence (female incidence minus <span class="hlt">male</span> incidence) during young adulthood (2001-02; aged 18-26). Standardized gender disparities were calculated using race- and gender-stratified, covariate-adjusted logistic regression models in which <span class="hlt">males</span> and females were set to the same distributions of adolescent behaviors. In adolescence, black females reported less leisure-time physical activity and lower likelihood of playing sports with either parent compared with black <span class="hlt">males</span>. Setting adolescent behaviors equal for black <span class="hlt">males</span> and females did not reduce the estimated gender disparity in obesity incidence (nonstandardized: 9.8 percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5, 15.1); fully standardized: 10.2 percentage points (5.2, 15.2)). There was little gender disparity in whites before or after adjustments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine to what extent behavioral differences during adolescence might account for gender disparity in obesity incidence in black young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. <span class="hlt">Male</span>-female differences in these adolescent behaviors did not appear to underlie the gender gap in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> obesity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4119594','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4119594"><span>Use of the light/dark test for anxiety in <span class="hlt">adult</span> and adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Arrant, Andrew E.; Schramm-Sapyta, Nicole L.; Kuhn, Cynthia M.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The light/dark (LD) test is a commonly used rodent test of unconditioned anxiety-like behavior that is based on an approach/avoidance conflict between the drive to explore novel areas and an aversion to brightly lit, open spaces. We used the LD test to investigate developmental differences in behavior between adolescent (postnatal day (PN) 28–34) and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (PN67–74) <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. We investigated whether LD behavioral measures reflect anxiety-like behavior similarly in each age group using factor analysis and multiple regression. These analyses showed that time in the light compartment, percent distance in the light, rearing, and latency to emerge into the light compartment were measures of anxiety-like behavior in each age group, while total distance traveled and distance in the dark compartment provided indices of locomotor activity. We then used these measures to assess developmental differences in baseline LD behavior and the response to anxiogenic drugs. Adolescent rats emerged into the light compartment more quickly than <span class="hlt">adults</span> and made fewer pokes into the light compartment. These age differences could reflect greater risk taking and less risk assessment in adolescent rats than <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Adolescent rats were less sensitive than <span class="hlt">adults</span> to the anxiogenic effects of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide (FG-7142) and the α2 adrenergic antagonist yohimbine on anxiety-like behaviors validated by factor analysis, but locomotor variables were similarly affected. These data support the results of the factor analysis and indicate that GABAergic and noradrenergic modulation of LD anxiety-like behavior may be immature during adolescence. PMID:23721963</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq"><span>General Information about <span class="hlt">Male</span> Breast Cancer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Male</span> Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version General Information about <span class="hlt">Male</span> Breast Cancer Go to Health Professional ... the PDQ <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Treatment Editorial Board . Clinical Trial Information A clinical trial is a study to answer ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8450589','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8450589"><span>A comparative study of the aerobic fitness of 421 healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Singapore.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ong, T C</p> <p>1993-02-01</p> <p>The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) of 421 healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from three ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay and Indian), aged 25-54 years, was assessed from direct analyses of their expired respiratory gases during all-out runs on a treadmill as a measure of aerobic fitness. The subjects were divided into three age groups: group 1, 25-34 years; group 2, 35-44 years; group 3, 45-54 years. Each group was further subdivided into non-exercisers (NE), non-regular exercisers (NRE) and regular exercisers (RE). Consistently within each age group, regular exercisers produced significantly higher VO2 max values compared to non-regular exercisers and non-exercisers. They also met the VO2 max requirements for heavy physical work and compared favourably with the standards of the National Physical Fitness Award of Singapore and Cooper's aerobic fitness classification standards based on North American <span class="hlt">males</span>. Non-regular exercisers and non-exercisers only met the VO2 max requirements for moderate physical work and compared poorly in both of the aerobic fitness standards.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60688&keyword=jb&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60688&keyword=jb&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF THE WATER DISINFECTANT BYPRODUCT BROMOCHLOROACETIC ACID (BCA) IN <span class="hlt">ADULT</span> AND JUVENILE <span class="hlt">MALE</span> C57BL/6 MICE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF THE WATER DISINFECTANT BYPRODUCT BROMOCHLOROACETIC ACID (BCA) IN <span class="hlt">ADULT</span> AND JUVENILE <span class="hlt">MALE</span> C57BL/6 MICE.<br>JC Rockett, JC Luft, JB Garges and DJ Dix. Reproductive Toxicology Division, USEPA, RTP, NC, USA.<br>Sponsor: G Klinefelter<br>The development of wate...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29294882','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29294882"><span>Peer Influence on IPV by Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>: Investigating the Case for a Social Norms Approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McKool, Marissa; Stephenson, Rob; Winskell, Kate; Teten Tharp, Andra; Parrott, Dominic</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Nearly 32% of women report experiencing physical violence from an intimate partner and more than 8% report being raped by a significant other in their lifetime. Young people's perceptions that their peers perpetrate relationship violence have been shown to increase the odds of self-reported perpetration. Yet, limited research has been conducted on this relationship as individuals begin to age out of adolescence. The present study sought to examine the link between the perception of peer perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and self-reported IPV perpetration among a sample of predominately young <span class="hlt">adult</span> (21-35 years) <span class="hlt">males</span>. This study also explored the discordance between the perception of peer IPV behavior and self-reported perpetration. Data from 101 <span class="hlt">male</span> peer dyads ( n = 202) were taken from a study on the effects of alcohol and bystander intervention in Atlanta, Georgia. Thirty-six percent ( n = 73) of men reported perpetrating physical IPV and 67% ( n = 135) reported perpetrating sexual IPV in the past 12 months. Nearly 35% ( n = 55) of the sample reported that none of their peers had perpetrated physical IPV, which contradicted their friend's self-report of physical IPV perpetration. Similarly, 68% ( n = 115) of the men perceived none of their peers to have perpetrated sexual IPV, which contradicted their friend's self-report of sexual IPV perpetration. Discordance variables were significantly associated with self-reported perpetration for both physical (χ 2 = 152.7, p < .01) and sexual (χ 2 = 164.4, p < .01) IPV. These results point to an underestimation of peer IPV perpetration among young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Findings suggest a traditional social norms approach to IPV prevention, which seeks to persuade individuals that negative behaviors are less common than perceived, may not be the best approach given a significant number of men believed their friends were nonviolent when they had perpetrated violence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900489"><span>Effect of methamphetamine exposure and cross-fostering on cognitive function in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hrubá, Lenka; Schutová, Barbora; Pometlová, Marie; Rokyta, Richard; Slamberová, Romana</p> <p>2010-03-17</p> <p>The aim of our study was to examine the effect of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure and cross-fostering on cognitive functions of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats tested in Morris water maze (MWM). Rat mothers were exposed daily to injection of MA (5mg/kg) or saline for 9 weeks: prior to impregnation, throughout gestation and lactation periods. Females without any injections were used as an absolute control. On postnatal day 1, pups were cross-fostered so that each mother raised 4 pups of her own and 8 pups from the mothers with the other two treatments. Four types of tests were used: (1) Place navigation test (Learning), (2) Probe test (Probe), (3) Retention memory test (Memory) and (4) Visible platform task. Our results demonstrate that the prenatal exposure to MA does not impact learning and memory, while postnatal exposure to MA shows impairments in cognition. In the test of learning, all animals fostered to MA-treated dams had longer latencies, bigger search error and used lower spatial strategies than the animals fostered to control or saline-treated mother, regardless of prenatal exposure. Regardless of postnatal exposure, the animals prenatally exposed to saline swam faster in all the tests than the animals prenatally exposed to MA and controls, respectively. This study indicates that postnatal but not prenatal exposure to MA affects learning in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. However, it is still not clear whether these impairments are due to a direct effect of MA on neuronal structure or due to an indirect effect of MA mediated by impaired maternal care. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3182508','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3182508"><span>Role of Oxytocin in deceleration of early atherosclerotic inflammatory processes in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ahmed, Marwa A; ELosaily, Gehan M</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Objective: The study aimed to examine the effect of exogenous OT administration on the inflammation and atherosclerosis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats and its possible mechanisms. Thirty <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats equally divided into three groups. Control group fed regular diet; group II fed control diet supplemented with L-methionine for 10 weeks. Group III received L-methionine and oxytocin treatment for 10 weeks. RT-PCR analysis showed that OT administration increased oxytocin receptor mRNA (2 fold, P, 0.05). Blood samples were evaluated for total homocysteine, interlukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoatrratant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) by ELIZA, lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. Specimens from aorta were processed for immunohistochemical staining for Aorta nuclear factor _B (NF-κB) p65 protein. Result showed that OT administration to group III decreased the plasma levels IL-6, MCP-1 and CRP levels which were elevated in group II. Moreover, there was decrease of the oxidative stress of group III in terms of increased plasma levels of NO and GSH and decreased plasma levels of MDA in blood. In addition, rats of group II showed histological abnormalities manifested by thickening and ulceration of the aortic wall. Marked increased expression of NF-κB in aorta of in group II was detected. However, OT administration restores the histological structure of the aorta and decreased the expression of NF-κB in aorta of group III similar to the control group. Conclusion: OT has anti inflammatory pathway in atherosclerosis as it decelerates atherosclerosis by decreasing the proinflammatory responses through many mechanisms, mainly the up regulation of its receptors. PMID:21977229</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3355309','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3355309"><span>Effects of Chronic Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants on the Reproductive and Thyroid System in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ernest, Sheila R.; Wade, Michael G.; Lalancette, Claudia; Ma, Yi-Qian; Berger, Robert G.; Robaire, Bernard; Hales, Barbara F.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are incorporated into a wide variety of consumer products, are readily released into home and work environments, and are present in house dust. Studies using animal models have revealed that exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may impair <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive function and thyroid hormone physiology. Such studies have generally characterized the outcome of acute or chronic exposure to a single BFR technical mixture or congener but not the impact of environmentally relevant BFR mixtures. We tested whether exposure to the BFRs found in house dust would have an adverse impact on the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rat reproductive system and thyroid function. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a complex BFR mixture composed of three commercial brominated diphenyl ethers (52.1% DE-71, 0.4% DE-79, and 44.2% decaBDE-209) and hexabromocyclododecane (3.3%), formulated to mimic the relative congener levels in house dust. BFRs were delivered in the diet at target doses of 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, or 20 mg/kg/day for 70 days. Compared with controls, <span class="hlt">males</span> exposed to the highest dose of BFRs displayed a significant increase in the weights of the kidneys and liver, which was accompanied by induction of CYP1A and CYP2B P450 hepatic drug–metabolizing enzymes. BFR exposure did not affect reproductive organ weights, serum testosterone levels, testicular function, or sperm DNA integrity. The highest dose caused thyroid toxicity as indicated by decreased serum thyroxine (T4) and hypertrophy of the thyroid gland epithelium. At lower doses, the thickness of the thyroid gland epithelium was reduced, but no changes in hormone levels (T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone) were observed. Thus, exposure to BFRs affected liver and thyroid physiology but not <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive parameters. PMID:22387749</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065964','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065964"><span>Does lower birth order amplify the association between high socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> Filipino <span class="hlt">males</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dahly, D L; Adair, L S</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>To test the hypothesis that lower birth order amplifies the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from a lower income, developing country context. The Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey is an ongoing community-based, observational study of a 1-year birth cohort (1983). 970 young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, mean age 21.5 years (2005). Central adiposity measured by waist circumference; birth order; perinatal maternal characteristics including height, arm fat area, age and smoking behavior; socioeconomic status at birth and in young adulthood. Lower birth order was associated with higher waist circumference and increased odds of high waist circumference, even after adjustment for socioeconomic status in young adulthood and maternal characteristics that could impact later offspring adiposity. Furthermore, the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity was amplified in individuals characterized by lower birth order. This research has failed to reject the mismatch hypothesis, which posits that maternal constraint of fetal growth acts to program developing physiology in a manner that increases susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of modern environments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642011','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642011"><span>Blood-feeding of Tunga penetrans <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Witt, L H; Linardi, P M; Meckes, O; Schwalfenberg, S; Ribeiro, R A; Feldmeier, H; Heukelbach, J</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>The jigger Tunga penetrans (Linnaeus, 1758: type-species of the family Tungidae) is the smallest known species of flea (Siphonaptera), causing serious ectoparasitosis of humans and domestic animals. The <span class="hlt">adult</span> female Tunga lodges in the epidermis of the mammalian host, grows by neosomy, becomes gravid and expels eggs. Relatively little is known about the free-living <span class="hlt">male</span> Tunga <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Among impoverished communities of Fortaleza in north-east Brazil, we observed T. penetrans <span class="hlt">males</span> as well as females penetrating the skin of human hosts. After penetrating the epidermis for a few hours, evidently for capillary feeding from the dermis, <span class="hlt">males</span> withdrew their mouthparts and crawled away, whereas the females remained completely embedded, hypertrophying to become gravid, eventually dying in situ after oviposition. Caged rats were placed on the sandy soil and examined periodically for Tunga infestation. On five rats we obtained 140 females embedded and we detected 75 <span class="hlt">males</span> biting, with rat erythrocytes observed in the proventriculus and midgut of all five <span class="hlt">males</span> dissected and examined microscopically. This confirms that T. penetrans <span class="hlt">males</span> are hamatophagous ectoparasites of mammals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Prescription+AND+medicine&pg=4&id=ED246053','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Prescription+AND+medicine&pg=4&id=ED246053"><span>Physiologic Responses of Able-Bodied and Paraplegic <span class="hlt">Males</span> to Maximal Arm Ergometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Israel, Richard G.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A study compared physiologic responses of healthy paraplegic <span class="hlt">males</span> to those of healthy, able-bodied <span class="hlt">males</span> during maximal arm ergometry. Fifteen able-bodied, healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and 13 healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> paraplegics followed an exercise program involving heart rate, increased exercise loads, and oxygen uptake. Results from an analysis of the data…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5319966','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5319966"><span>Nicotine Increases Alcohol Intake in Adolescent <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lárraga, Armando; Belluzzi, James D.; Leslie, Frances M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Background: Use of alcohol and tobacco, the two most concurrently abused drugs, typically first occurs during adolescence. Yet, there have been no systematic analyses of ethanol (EtOH) and nicotine (Nic) interactions during adolescence. Recent animal studies report that kappa-opioid (KOR) receptor activation mediates age differences in drug reinforcement. Our hypothesis is that concurrent self-administration of EtOH and Nic will be greater in adolescent rats because of age differences in KOR function. Furthermore, exposure to alcohol and nicotine during adolescence has been reported to increase EtOH intake in adulthood. We performed a longitudinal animal study and hypothesized adolescent rats allowed to self-administer nicotine would drink more alcohol as <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Methods: Adolescent, postnatal day (P)32, and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (P90) <span class="hlt">male</span> and female Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed to self-administer EtOH, Nic, or a combination of both, EtOH+Nic, in an intravenous self-administration paradigm. The role of KOR was pharmacologically evaluated with the KOR antagonist, norbinaltorphamine (norBNI) and with the KOR agonist, U50,488H. Alcohol drinking was subsequently evaluated with <span class="hlt">male</span> rats in a drinking in the dark (DID), 2-bottle choice test. Results: Concurrent Nic increased EtOH intake in adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span>, but not in <span class="hlt">adults</span> or females. Pharmacological blockade of KOR with norBNI robustly increased EtOH+Nic self-administration in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats, but had no effect with female rats. Lastly, in our longitudinal study with <span class="hlt">male</span> rats, we found prior self-administration of Nic or EtOH+Nic during adolescence increased subsequent oral EtOH intake, whereas prior self-administration of EtOH alone in <span class="hlt">adults</span> increased subsequent EtOH drinking. Conclusions: There are major age- and sex-differences in the reinforcing effects of EtOH+Nic. Adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> are sensitive to the reinforcing interactions of the two drugs, whereas this effect is inhibited by KOR activation in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Nicotine</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004HMR....58...11C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004HMR....58...11C"><span>Larval development of the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> king crabs Lithodes santolla and Paralomis granulosa reared in the laboratory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Calcagno, J. A.; Anger, K.; Lovrich, G. A.; Thatje, S.; Kaffenberger, A.</p> <p>2004-02-01</p> <p>The larval development and survival in the two <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> lithodid crabs Lithodes santolla (Jaquinot) and Paralomis granulosa (Molina) from the Argentine Beagle Channel were studied in laboratory cultures. In L. santolla, larval development lasted about 70 days, passing through three zoeal stages and the megalopa stage, with a duration of approximately 4, 7, 11 and 48 days, respectively. The larval development in P. granulosa is more abbreviated, comprising only two zoeal stages and the megalopa stage, with 6, 11 and 43 days' duration, respectively. In both species, we tested for effects of presence versus absence of food (Artemia nauplii) on larval development duration and survival rate. In P. granulosa, we also studied effects of different rearing conditions, such as individual versus mass cultures, as well as aerated versus unaerated cultures. No differences in larval development duration and survival were observed between animals subjected to those different rearing conditions. The lack of response to the presence or absence of potential food confirms, in both species, a complete lecithotrophic mode of larval development. Since lithodid crabs are of high economic importance in the artisanal fishery in the southernmost parts of South America, the knowledge of optimal rearing conditions for lithodid larvae is essential for future attempts at repopulating the collapsing natural stocks off Tierra del Fuego.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP41E..08T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP41E..08T"><span>140-year <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> tree-ring temperature reconstruction reveals tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Turney, C. S.; Fogwill, C. J.; Palmer, J. G.; VanSebille, E.; Thomas, Z.; McGlone, M.; Richardson, S.; Wilmshurst, J.; Fenwick, P.; Zunz, V.; Goosse, H.; Wilson, K. J.; Carter, L.; Lipson, M.; Jones, R. T.; Harsch, M.; Clark, G.; Marzinelli, E.; Rogers, T.; Rainsley, E.; Ciasto, L.; Waterman, S.; Thomas, E. R.; Visbeck, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Occupying about 14 % of the world's surface, the Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in ocean and atmosphere circulation, carbon cycling and Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics. Unfortunately, high interannual variability and a dearth of instrumental observations before the 1950s limits our understanding of how marine-atmosphere-ice domains interact on multi-decadal timescales and the impact of anthropogenic forcing. Here we integrate climate-sensitive tree growth with ocean and atmospheric observations on south-west Pacific <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> islands that lie at the boundary of polar and subtropical climates (52-54˚S). Our annually resolved temperature reconstruction captures regional change since the 1870s and demonstrates a significant increase in variability from the 1940s, a phenomenon predating the observational record, and coincident with major changes in mammalian and bird populations. Climate reanalysis and modelling show a parallel change in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures that generate an atmospheric Rossby wave train which propagates across a large part of the Southern Hemisphere during the austral spring and summer. Our results suggest that modern observed high interannual variability was established across the mid-twentieth century, and that the influence of contemporary equatorial Pacific temperatures may now be a permanent feature across the mid- to high latitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24375453','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24375453"><span><span class="hlt">Males</span> collectively defend their one-<span class="hlt">male</span> units against bachelor <span class="hlt">males</span> in a multi-level primate society.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xiang, Zuo-Fu; Yang, Bang-He; Yu, Yang; Yao, Hui; Grueter, Cyril C; Garber, Paul A; Li, Ming</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Group-level <span class="hlt">male-male</span> co-operation, which has been documented in several primate and non-primate societies, may be mutualistically advantageous to the participants when confronted with threats such as takeovers and cuckoldry by external <span class="hlt">males</span>. Co-operation among members of distinct social units-while universal among humans-is extremely rare in non-human primates. We present the first observations of collective action or co-operation among <span class="hlt">males</span> of different one-<span class="hlt">male</span> units (OMU) in a multi-level society of Rhinopithecus roxellana. A total of 59 instances of <span class="hlt">male</span> co-operation were recorded. <span class="hlt">Male</span> co-operation included coordinated chasing, joint vigilance, and patrolling behavior directed at lone <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> trying to enter an OMU. <span class="hlt">Male</span> co-operation was significantly more frequent during the mating season when the risk of incursions and extra-group paternity was higher. Paternity of infants born in the subsequent birth season and kin relationships among resident <span class="hlt">males</span> were identified using microsatellite genotype. All infants were sired by OMU <span class="hlt">males</span>, which we interpret as possible evidence for their success at thwarting mating attempts by satellite <span class="hlt">males</span>. OMU <span class="hlt">males</span> were principally unrelated suggesting that <span class="hlt">male</span> co-operation is best understood in terms of the mutual direct benefits individuals obtain through collective action. Our findings lend support to the bachelor threat hypothesis in which the cooperative behavior of several individuals is more effective than the lone action of a single individual in providing mate defense. Our research has implications for understanding <span class="hlt">male</span> bonding, higher-level collective action, and the evolution of social co-operation in human societies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23639881','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23639881"><span>Vasopressin infusion into the lateral septum of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats rescues progesterone-induced impairment in social recognition.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bychowski, M E; Mena, J D; Auger, C J</p> <p>2013-08-29</p> <p>It is well established that social recognition memory is mediated, in part, by arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP cells within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and medial amygdala (MeA) send AVP-ergic projections to the lateral septum (LS). We have demonstrated that progesterone treatment decreases AVP immunoreactivity within the BST, the MeA and the LS, and that progesterone treatment impairs social recognition. These data suggested that progesterone may impair social recognition memory by decreasing AVP. In the present experiment, we hypothesized that infusions of AVP into the LS would rescue the progesterone-induced impairment in social recognition within <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. One week after <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats underwent cannula surgery, they were given systemic injections of either a physiological dose of progesterone or oil control for 3 days. Four hours after the last injection, we tested social recognition memory using the social discrimination paradigm, a two-trial test that is based on the natural propensity for rats to be highly motivated to investigate novel conspecifics. Immediately after the first exposure to a juvenile, each animal received bilateral infusions of either AVP or artificial cerebrospinal fluid into the LS. Our results show that, as expected, control animals exhibited normal social discrimination. In corroboration with our previous results, animals given progesterone have impaired social discrimination. Interestingly, animals treated with progesterone and AVP exhibited normal social discrimination, suggesting that AVP treatment rescued the impairment in social recognition caused by progesterone. These data also further support a role for progesterone in modulating vasopressin-dependent behavior within the <span class="hlt">male</span> brain. Copyright © 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/666567','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/666567"><span>Stimuli eliciting sexual arousal in <span class="hlt">males</span> who offend <span class="hlt">adult</span> women: an experimental study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kolárský, A; Madlafousek, J; Novotná, V</p> <p>1978-03-01</p> <p>The sexually arousing effects of short film scenes showing a naked actress's seductive behavior were phalloplethysmographically measured in 14 sexual deviates. These were <span class="hlt">males</span> who had offended <span class="hlt">adult</span> women, predominantly exhibitionists. Controls were 14 normal men. Deviates responded positively to the scenes and differentiated strong and weak seduction scenes similarly to normals. Consequently, the question arises of why deviates avoid their victim's erotic cooperation and why they do not offend their regular sexual partners. Post hoc analysis of five scenes which elicited a strikingly higher response in deviates than in normals suggested that these scenes contained reduced seductive behavior but unrestrained presentation of the genitals. This finding further encourages the laboratory study of stimulus conditions for abnormal sexual arousal which occurs during the sexual offense.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574097','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574097"><span>Normative values of hip strength in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> association football players assessed by handheld dynamometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hanna, Chris M; Fulcher, Mark L; Elley, C Raina; Moyes, Simon A</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Chronic groin pain is a common problem in association football players. Normative values for the strength of hip muscles, measured in an accurate and accessible manner, are needed to gauge strength and inform return to play decisions in this group. The purpose of this study was to define normative values of hip muscle strength using handheld dynamometry. A series of reliable clinical tests that are commonly used when making return to sport decisions in athletes with chronic adductor related groin pain have been selected. One hundred and twenty <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> association football players, free from injury, were recruited. Isometric strength of the hip flexors and adductor muscles was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Mean age was 24.9 years (SD 5.9). Eighty participants (67%) had experienced groin pain in the past. Mean strength for dominant leg hip flexion was 47.3 kg (95% confidence interval 45.6-49.0), non-dominant leg hip flexion was 42.5 kg (41.1-43.9), adduction at 0 degrees hip flexion was 35.6 kg (34.1-37.1), adduction at 45 degrees was 32.0 kg (30.9-33.1), and adduction at 90 degrees was 25.5 kg (24.4-26.5). This study establishes reference ranges and predictive equations for maximal isometric contraction strength of the hip muscles in non-injured <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> association football players. This information will assist assessment and management of an athlete's return to play following injury. 2009 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23721963','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23721963"><span>Use of the light/dark test for anxiety in <span class="hlt">adult</span> and adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Arrant, Andrew E; Schramm-Sapyta, Nicole L; Kuhn, Cynthia M</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>The light/dark (LD) test is a commonly used rodent test of unconditioned anxiety-like behavior that is based on an approach/avoidance conflict between the drive to explore novel areas and an aversion to brightly lit, open spaces. We used the LD test to investigate developmental differences in behavior between adolescent (postnatal day (PN) 28-34) and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (PN67-74) <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. We investigated whether LD behavioral measures reflect anxiety-like behavior similarly in each age group using factor analysis and multiple regression. These analyses showed that time in the light compartment, percent distance in the light, rearing, and latency to emerge into the light compartment were measures of anxiety-like behavior in each age group, while total distance traveled and distance in the dark compartment provided indices of locomotor activity. We then used these measures to assess developmental differences in baseline LD behavior and the response to anxiogenic drugs. Adolescent rats emerged into the light compartment more quickly than <span class="hlt">adults</span> and made fewer pokes into the light compartment. These age differences could reflect greater risk taking and less risk assessment in adolescent rats than <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Adolescent rats were less sensitive than <span class="hlt">adults</span> to the anxiogenic effects of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide (FG-7142) and the α₂ adrenergic antagonist yohimbine on anxiety-like behaviors validated by factor analysis, but locomotor variables were similarly affected. These data support the results of the factor analysis and indicate that GABAergic and noradrenergic modulation of LD anxiety-like behavior may be immature during adolescence. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495444','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495444"><span>Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of the inflammatory and glial cells in the central nervous system of goat fetuses and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> goats naturally infected with Neospora caninum.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Costa, Rafael Carneiro; Orlando, Débora Ribeiro; Abreu, Camila Costa; Nakagaki, Karen Yumi Ribeiro; Mesquita, Leonardo Pereira; Nascimento, Lismara Castro; Silva, Aline Costa; Maiorka, Paulo César; Peconick, Ana Paula; Raymundo, Djeison Lutier; Varaschin, Mary Suzan</p> <p>2014-12-14</p> <p>Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan that is considered one of the main agents responsible for abortion in ruminants. The lesions found in the central nervous system (CNS) of aborted fetuses show multifocal necrosis, gliosis, and perivascular cuffs of mononuclear cells, but the inflammatory and glial cells have not been immunophenotypically characterized. The lesions in the CNS of infected <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals have rarely been described. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the lesions, the immunophenotypes of the inflammatory and glial cells and the expression of MHC-II and PCNA in the CNS of goats infected with N. caninum. The CNS of eight aborted fetuses and six <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> goats naturally infected with N. caninum were analyzed with lectin histochemistry (RCA1) and immunohistochemistry (with anti-CD3, -CD79α, -GFAP, -MHC-II, and -PCNA antibodies). All animals were the offspring of dams naturally infected with N. caninum. The microscopic lesions in the CNS of the aborted fetuses consisted of perivascular cuffs composed mainly of macrophages (RCA1(+)), rare T lymphocytes (CD3(+)), and rare B lymphocytes (CD79α(+)). Multifocal necrosis surrounded by astrocytes (GFAP(+)), gliosis composed predominantly of monocytic-lineage cells (macrophages and microglia, RCA1(+)), and the cysts of N. caninum, related (or not) to the lesions were present. Similar lesions were found in four of the six <span class="hlt">male</span> goats, and multinucleate giant cells related to focal gliosis were also found in three <span class="hlt">adult</span> goats. Anti-GFAP immunostaining showed astrocytes characterizing areas of glial scarring. Cysts of N. caninum were found in three <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> goats. The presence of N. caninum was evaluated with histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated anti-PCNA labeling of macrophages and microglia in the perivascular cuffs and the expression of MHC-II by microglia and endothelial cells in the CNS of the aborted fetuses and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> goats. Macrophages and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5098111','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5098111"><span>Contact Karate Promotes Post-Exercise Hypotension in Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Magalhaes Sales, Marcelo; Victor de Sousa, Caio; Barbosa Sampaio, Wellington; Ernesto, Carlos; Alberto Vieira Browne, Rodrigo; Fernando Vila Nova de Moraes, Jose; Motta-Santos, Daisy; Rocha Moraes, Milton; Eugene Lewis, John; Gustavo Simões, Herbert; Martins da Silva, Francisco</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Background Worldwide, systemic arterial hypertension is a leading cause of death and non-communicable cardiovascular disease. A major factor contributing to this disease is a sedentary lifestyle. However, physical exercise, such as martial arts, may be an option for blood pressure (BP) control. The magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is associated with a prolonged decrease in BP in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Objectives The present study aimed to verify the effects of a Contact Karate (CK) session on BP responses during a post-exercise recovery period in young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Patients and Methods Thirty-two <span class="hlt">male</span> CK athletes volunteered (28.2 ± 6.7 years; 77.0 ± 5.7 kg; and 176.0 ± 4.7 cm) and underwent one CK session (50 minutes) and a control session in which no exercise was performed and the individuals remain seated during the whole time. BP was measured during rest (before sessions), as well as on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th minutes of the post-exercise recovery. Results The systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly lower at the post-exercise period compared to pre-exercise rest (P < 0.05), with the largest reductions being observed at the 60th minutes of recovery [SBP (rest: 125.9 ± 4.7 vs. 60th minutes of recovery: 111.7 ± 5.4 mmHg); DBP (rest: 78.8 ± .7 vs. 60th minutes of recovery: 69.8 ± 2.7 mmHg)] and at the same periods of post-exercise recovery of the control session. Conclusions A single CK session can promote a decrease in BP for at least 60 minutes after performing this type of exercise in young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. PMID:27826399</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23733156','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23733156"><span>Sexually explicit media on the internet: a content analysis of sexual behaviors, risk, and media characteristics in gay <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> videos.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Downing, Martin J; Schrimshaw, Eric W; Antebi, Nadav; Siegel, Karolynn</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Recent research suggests that viewing sexually explicit media (SEM), i.e., <span class="hlt">adult</span> videos, may influence sexual risk taking among men who have sex with men. Despite this evidence, very little is known about the content of gay <span class="hlt">male</span> SEM on the Internet, including the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors and their relation to video- and performer-characteristics, viewing frequency, and favorability. The current study content analyzed 302 sexually explicit videos featuring <span class="hlt">male</span> same-sex performers that were posted to five highly trafficked <span class="hlt">adult</span>-oriented websites. Findings revealed that gay <span class="hlt">male</span> SEM on the Internet features a variety of conventional and nonconventional sexual behaviors. There was a substantial prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) (34 %) and was virtually the same as the prevalence of anal sex with a condom (36 %). The presence of UAI was not associated with video length, amateur production, number of video views, favorability, or website source. However, the presence of other potentially high-risk behaviors (e.g., ejaculation in the mouth, and ejaculation on/in/rubbed into the anus) was associated with longer videos, more views, and group sex videos (three or more performers). The findings of high levels of sexual risk behavior and the fact that there was virtually no difference in the prevalence of anal sex with and without a condom in gay <span class="hlt">male</span> SEM have important implications for HIV prevention efforts, future research on the role of SEM on sexual risk taking, and public health policy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3830581','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3830581"><span>Sexually Explicit Media on the Internet: A Content Analysis of Sexual Behaviors, Risk, and Media Characteristics in Gay <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Videos</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Downing, Martin J.; Schrimshaw, Eric W.; Antebi, Nadav; Siegel, Karolynn</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Recent research suggests that viewing sexually explicit media (SEM), i.e., <span class="hlt">adult</span> videos, may influence sexual risk taking among men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite this evidence, very little is known about the content of gay <span class="hlt">male</span> SEM on the Internet, including the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors and their relation to video- and performer-characteristics, viewing frequency, and favorability. The current study content analyzed 302 sexually explicit videos featuring <span class="hlt">male</span> same-sex performers that were posted to five highly trafficked <span class="hlt">adult</span>-oriented websites. Findings revealed that gay <span class="hlt">male</span> SEM on the Internet features a variety of conventional and nonconventional sexual behaviors. There was a substantial prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) (34%) and was virtually the same as the prevalence of anal sex with a condom (36%). The presence of UAI was not associated with video length, amateur production, number of video views, favorability, or website source. However, the presence of other potentially high-risk behaviors (e.g., ejaculation in the mouth, and ejaculation on/in/rubbed into the anus) was associated with longer videos, more views, and group sex videos (three or more performers). The findings of high levels of sexual risk behavior and the fact that there was virtually no difference in the prevalence of anal sex with and without a condom in gay <span class="hlt">male</span> SEM have important implications for HIV prevention efforts, future research on the role of SEM on sexual risk taking, and public health policy. PMID:23733156</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21535211-uv-absorber-benzophenone-alters-transcripts-genes-involved-hormonal-pathways-zebrafish-danio-rerio-eleuthero-embryos-adult-males','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21535211-uv-absorber-benzophenone-alters-transcripts-genes-involved-hormonal-pathways-zebrafish-danio-rerio-eleuthero-embryos-adult-males"><span>The UV-absorber benzophenone-4 alters transcripts of genes involved in hormonal pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleuthero-embryos and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zucchi, Sara; Bluethgen, Nancy; University of Basel, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel</p> <p></p> <p>Benzophenone-4 (BP-4) is frequently used as UV-absorber in cosmetics and materials protection. Despite its frequent detection in the aquatic environment potential effects on aquatic life are unknown. In this study, we evaluate the effects of BP-4 in eleuthero-embryos and in the liver, testis and brain of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> fish on the transcriptional level by focusing on target genes involved in hormonal pathways to provide a more complete toxicological profile of this important UV-absorber. Eleuthero-embryos and <span class="hlt">males</span> of zebrafish were exposed up to 3 days after hatching and for 14 days, respectively, to BP-4 concentrations between 30 and 3000 {mu}g/L. Inmore » eleuthero-embryos transcripts of vtg1, vtg3, esr1, esr2b, hsd17ss3, cyp19b cyp19a, hhex and pax8 were induced at 3000 {mu}g/L BP-4, which points to a low estrogenic activity and interference with early thyroid development, respectively. In <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> BP-4 displayed multiple effects on gene expression in different tissues. In the liver vtg1, vtg3, esr1 and esr2b were down-regulated, while in the brain, vtg1, vtg3 and cyp19b transcripts were up-regulated. In conclusion, the transcription profile revealed that BP-4 interferes with the expression of genes involved in hormonal pathways and steroidogenesis. The effects of BP-4 differ in life stages and <span class="hlt">adult</span> tissues and point to an estrogenic activity in eleuthero-embryos and <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain, and an antiestrogenic activity in the liver. The results indicate that BP-4 interferes with the sex hormone system of fish, which is important for the risk assessment of this UV-absorber.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2888698','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2888698"><span>The role of adolescent behaviors in the female-<span class="hlt">male</span> disparity in obesity incidence in U.S. Black and White young <span class="hlt">adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Robinson, Whitney R.; Stevens, June; Kaufman, Jay S.; Gordon-Larsen, Penny</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>In the United States, Black women are at much greater risk for obesity than Black men. We explored whether adolescent behaviors (family dinners, hours of television, playing sports with mother, playing sports with father, bouts of physical activity) were associated with gender disparity in six-year obesity incidence in young adulthood. We used data from the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine adolescent behaviors in non-immigrant Black (n=1503) and White (n=4452) youths in 1994–95 (aged 11–19 years) and 1995–96 (aged 12–20). We assessed gender disparity in obesity incidence (female incidence minus <span class="hlt">male</span> incidence) during young adulthood (2001–02; aged 18–26). Standardized gender disparities were calculated using race- and gender-stratified, covariate-adjusted logistic regression models in which <span class="hlt">males</span> and females were set to the same distributions of adolescent behaviors. In adolescence, Black females reported less leisure-time physical activity and lower likelihood of playing sports with either parent than Black <span class="hlt">males</span>. Setting adolescent behaviors equal for Black <span class="hlt">males</span> and females did not reduce the estimated gender disparity in obesity incidence (non-standardized: 9.8 percentage points [95% CI: 4.5, 15.1]; fully-standardized: 10.2 percentage points [5.2, 15.2]). There was little gender disparity in Whites before or after adjustments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine to what extent behavioral differences during adolescence might account for gender disparity in obesity incidence in Black young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. <span class="hlt">Male</span>-female differences in these adolescent behaviors did not appear to underlie the gender gap in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> obesity. PMID:19875993</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24398264','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24398264"><span>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha during neonatal brain development affects anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Babri, Shirin; Doosti, Mohammad-Hossein; Salari, Ali-Akbar</p> <p>2014-03-15</p> <p>A nascent literature suggests that neonatal infection is a risk factor for the development of brain, behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which can affect anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in later life. It has been documented that neonatal infection raises the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in neonate rodents and such infections may result in neonatal brain injury, at least in part, through pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, previous studies have shown that TNF-α is involved in cellular differentiation, neurogenesis and programmed cell death during the development of the central nervous system. We investigated for the first time whether neonatal exposure to TNF-α can affect body weight, stress-induced corticosterone (COR), anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice. In the present study, neonatal mice were treated to recombinant mouse TNF-α (0.2, 0.4, 0.7 and 1 μg/kg) or saline on postnatal days 3 and 5, then <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female mice were exposed to different behavioral tests. The results indicated that neonatal TNF-α treatment reduced body weight in neonatal period in both sexes. In addition, this study presents findings indicating that high doses of TNF- increase stress-induced COR levels, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, but increase levels of anxiety without significantly influencing depression in <span class="hlt">adult</span> female mice [corrected]. Our findings suggest that TNF-α exposure during neonatal period can alter brain and behavior development in a dose and sex-dependent manner in mice. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365727','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365727"><span>Awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms among Hispanic <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> living in the United States.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lutfiyya, May Nawal; Bardales, Ricardo; Bales, Robert; Aguero, Carlos; Brady, Shelly; Tobar, Adriana; McGrath, Cynthia; Zaiser, Julia; Lipsky, Martin S</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>There is evidence that Hispanic men are a high risk group for treatment delay for both heart attack and stroke. More targeted research is needed to elucidate this specific population's knowledge of warning signs for these acute events. This study sought to describe within-group disparities in Hispanic men's knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptomology. Multivariate techniques were used to analyze a multi-year Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Heart and Stroke module database. The data were cross-sectional and focused on health risk factors and behaviors. The research participants were U.S. <span class="hlt">male</span> Hispanic <span class="hlt">adults</span> aged 18-99. The main outcome measure for the study was heart attack and stroke symptom knowledge score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded that Hispanic men aged >or=18 years who earned low scores on the composite heart attack and stroke knowledge questions (range 0-8 points) were more likely to: have less than a high school education, have deferred medical care because of cost, not have an identified health care provider, and be uninsured. There were significant within-group differences. Targeting educational efforts toward older (>or=55 years) Hispanic men with less than high school education, those who do not have an identified health care provider or health insurance, and who defer health care because of cost could be ways to improve the outcome of acute vascular events among the U.S. Hispanic <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> population.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28056078','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28056078"><span>Early-Life Social Isolation Influences Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations during <span class="hlt">Male-Male</span> Social Encounters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Keesom, Sarah M; Finton, Caitlyn J; Sell, Gabrielle L; Hurley, Laura M</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Early-life social isolation has profound effects on <span class="hlt">adult</span> social competence. This is often expressed as increased aggression or inappropriate displays of courtship-related behaviors. The social incompetence exhibited by isolated animals could be in part due to an altered ability to participate in communicatory exchanges. House mice (Mus musculus) present an excellent model for exploring this idea, because social isolation has a well-established influence on their social behavior, and mice engage in communication via multiple sensory modalities. Here, we tested the prediction that social isolation during early life would influence ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice during same-sex social encounters. Starting at three weeks of age, <span class="hlt">male</span> mice were housed individually or in social groups of four <span class="hlt">males</span> for five weeks, after which they were placed in one of three types of paired social encounters. Pair types consisted of: two individually housed <span class="hlt">males</span>, two socially housed <span class="hlt">males</span>, or an individually housed and a socially housed <span class="hlt">male</span> ("mixed" pairs). Vocal behavior (USVs) and non-vocal behaviors were recorded from these 15-minute social interactions. Pairs of mice consisting of at least one individually housed <span class="hlt">male</span> emitted more and longer USVs, with a greater proportional use of USVs containing frequency jumps and 50-kHz components. Individually housed <span class="hlt">males</span> in the mixed social pairs exhibited increased levels of mounting behavior towards the socially housed <span class="hlt">males</span>. Mounting in these pairs was positively correlated with increased number and duration of USVs as well as increased proportional use of spectrally more complex USVs. These findings demonstrate that USVs are part of the suite of social behaviors influenced by early-life social isolation, and suggest that altered vocal communication following isolation reflects reduced social competence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5215938','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5215938"><span>Early-Life Social Isolation Influences Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations during <span class="hlt">Male-Male</span> Social Encounters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Finton, Caitlyn J.; Sell, Gabrielle L.; Hurley, Laura M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Early-life social isolation has profound effects on <span class="hlt">adult</span> social competence. This is often expressed as increased aggression or inappropriate displays of courtship-related behaviors. The social incompetence exhibited by isolated animals could be in part due to an altered ability to participate in communicatory exchanges. House mice (Mus musculus) present an excellent model for exploring this idea, because social isolation has a well-established influence on their social behavior, and mice engage in communication via multiple sensory modalities. Here, we tested the prediction that social isolation during early life would influence ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice during same-sex social encounters. Starting at three weeks of age, <span class="hlt">male</span> mice were housed individually or in social groups of four <span class="hlt">males</span> for five weeks, after which they were placed in one of three types of paired social encounters. Pair types consisted of: two individually housed <span class="hlt">males</span>, two socially housed <span class="hlt">males</span>, or an individually housed and a socially housed <span class="hlt">male</span> (“mixed” pairs). Vocal behavior (USVs) and non-vocal behaviors were recorded from these 15-minute social interactions. Pairs of mice consisting of at least one individually housed <span class="hlt">male</span> emitted more and longer USVs, with a greater proportional use of USVs containing frequency jumps and 50-kHz components. Individually housed <span class="hlt">males</span> in the mixed social pairs exhibited increased levels of mounting behavior towards the socially housed <span class="hlt">males</span>. Mounting in these pairs was positively correlated with increased number and duration of USVs as well as increased proportional use of spectrally more complex USVs. These findings demonstrate that USVs are part of the suite of social behaviors influenced by early-life social isolation, and suggest that altered vocal communication following isolation reflects reduced social competence. PMID:28056078</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29510085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29510085"><span>Anabolic effects of chrysin on the ventral <span class="hlt">male</span> prostate and female prostate of <span class="hlt">adult</span> gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Campos, Mônica S; Ribeiro, Naiara C S; de Lima, Rodrigo F; Santos, Mariana B; Vilamaior, Patrícia S L; Regasini, Luis O; Biancardi, Manoel F; Taboga, Sebastião R; Santos, Fernanda C A</p> <p>2018-03-07</p> <p>Chrysin is a bioflavonoid found in fruits, flowers, tea, honey and wine, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and anticarcinogenic properties. This flavone has also been considered as beneficial for reproduction due its testosterone-boosting potential. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chrysin on the prostate and gonads of <span class="hlt">male</span> and female <span class="hlt">adult</span> gerbils. In addition, a comparative analysis of the effects of testosterone on these same organs was conducted. Ninety-day-old <span class="hlt">male</span> and female gerbils were treated with chrysin (50mgkg-1day-1) or testosterone cypionate (1mgkg-1week-1) for 21 days. The ventral <span class="hlt">male</span> prostate and female prostate were dissected out for morphological, morphometric-stereological and ultrastructural assays. Testes and ovaries were submitted to morphological and morphometric---stereological analyses. Chrysin treatment caused epithelial hyperplasia and stromal remodelling of the ventral <span class="hlt">male</span> and female prostate. Ultrastructurally, <span class="hlt">male</span> and female prostatic epithelial cells in the chrysin group presented marked development of the organelles involved in the biosynthetic-secretory pathway, whereas cellular toxicity was observed only in female glands. Chrysin preserved normal testicular morphology and increased the number of growing ovarian follicles. Comparatively, testosterone treatment was detrimental to the prostate and gonads, since foci of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and gonadal degeneration were observed in both sexes. Thus, under the experimental conditions of this study, chrysin was better tolerated than testosterone in the prostate and gonads.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194586','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194586"><span>Salivary testosterone measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Keevil, B G; MacDonald, P; Macdowall, W; Lee, D M; Wu, F C W</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Salivary testosterone (Sal-T) may be a useful surrogate of serum free testosterone. The study aims were to use a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to determine whether Sal-T concentrations accurately reflect Sal-T concentrations in both sexes and to investigate practical aspects of sample collection. Saliva and serum samples were collected in 104 <span class="hlt">male</span> and 91 female subjects. A more sensitive LC-MS/MS assay was developed to enable Sal-T quantitation in the low concentrations found in females. Saliva (200 µL) was extracted with 1 mL of methyl-tert-butyl ether following the addition of D5-testosterone. Quantitation was performed using a Waters TQ-S mass spectrometer. The assay achieved a lower limit of quantification of 5 pmol/L, sufficiently sensitive to measure testosterone in female saliva. Sal-T showed a diurnal variation but samples taken at weekly and monthly intervals showed no significant differences. Sal-T was stable at ambient temperature for up to 5 days, after freeze-thawing and 3 years frozen storage. Reference intervals for Sal-T were 93-378 pmol/L in <span class="hlt">males</span> and 5-46 pmol/L in females. Sal-T correlated significantly with serum calculated free-T in <span class="hlt">males</span> (r = 0.71, P < 0.001) and in females (r = 0.39, P < 0.001). These results confirm that testosterone can be reliably and accurately measured by LC-MS/MS in both <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female saliva samples. These results lay the foundation for further exploration of the clinical application of Sal- T as a reliable alternative to serum testosterone in the diagnosis and management of androgen disorders and assessment of androgen status in clinical research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446488','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446488"><span>Individual differences in brain structure underpin empathizing-systemizing cognitive styles in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lai, Meng-Chuan; Lombardo, Michael V; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Ecker, Christine; Sadek, Susan A; Wheelwright, Sally J; Murphy, Declan G M; Suckling, John; Bullmore, Edward T; Baron-Cohen, Simon</p> <p>2012-07-16</p> <p>Individual differences in cognitive style can be characterized along two dimensions: 'systemizing' (S, the drive to analyze or build 'rule-based' systems) and 'empathizing' (E, the drive to identify another's mental state and respond to this with an appropriate emotion). Discrepancies between these two dimensions in one direction (S>E) or the other (E>S) are associated with sex differences in cognition: on average more <span class="hlt">males</span> show an S>E cognitive style, while on average more females show an E>S profile. The neurobiological basis of these different profiles remains unknown. Since individuals may be typical or atypical for their sex, it is important to move away from the study of sex differences and towards the study of differences in cognitive style. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging we examined how neuroanatomy varies as a function of the discrepancy between E and S in 88 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from the general population. Selecting just <span class="hlt">males</span> allows us to study discrepant E-S profiles in a pure way, unconfounded by other factors related to sex and gender. An increasing S>E profile was associated with increased gray matter volume in cingulate and dorsal medial prefrontal areas which have been implicated in processes related to cognitive control, monitoring, error detection, and probabilistic inference. An increasing E>S profile was associated with larger hypothalamic and ventral basal ganglia regions which have been implicated in neuroendocrine control, motivation and reward. These results suggest an underlying neuroanatomical basis linked to the discrepancy between these two important dimensions of individual differences in cognitive style. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28625120','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28625120"><span>The Effects of Ramadan Fasting on the Spirometric Data of Healthy <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Latiri, Imed; Sandid, Siwar; Fennani, Mohamed Amine; Hadrich, Mohamed; Masmoudi, Tasnim; Maatoug, Chiraz; Zammit-Chatti, Makrem; Chamari, Karim; Ben Saad, Helmi</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The few studies carried out on the effects of Ramadan fasting (RF) on spirometric values present contradictory conclusions. This study aimed at assessing whether RF affects healthy <span class="hlt">adults</span>' spirometric values. Twenty-nine nonsmoking healthy <span class="hlt">males</span> ( M ± standard error of mean [ SEM] of age: 27 ± 1 years) who fasted during Ramadan (June 29-July 28, 2014) volunteered to the study. Three periods (before-Ramadan [June 23-25], mid-Ramadan [July 14-16] and after-Ramadan [August 11-14]) were selected for spirometry measurements that were consistently performed 5.5 to 3.5 hours (between 15:00 and 17:00 hours) before fasting break. Assessment sessions comprised following: weight (kg), forced vital capacity (FVC), first second expiratory volume (FEV 1 ), FEV 1 /FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF), and forced expiratory flow rate at the x% of FVC to be exhaled (FEF x% ). Spirometric data were expressed in percentages of reference values. Results were analyzed by applying repeated measures analysis of variance. The M ± SEM of weight (before-R: 81.6 ± 2.8 kg, mid-R: 80.8 ± 2.9 kg, after-R: 81.2 ± 2.9 kg), FEV 1 (before-R: 99 ± 2%, mid-R: 98 ± 2%, after-R: 98 ± 2%), FVC (before-R: 103 ± 2%, mid-R: 101 ± 2%, after-R: 101 ± 2%), PEF (before-R: 112 ± 3%, mid-R: 113 ± 2%, after-R: 114 ± 3%), MMEF (before-R: 83 ± 3%, mid-R: 83 ± 3%, after-R: 82 ± 3%), FEF 25% (before-R: 90 ± 5%, mid-R: 89 ± 6%, after-R: 87 ± 6%), FEF 50% (before-R: 94 ± 4%, mid-R: 91 ± 4%, after-R: 93 ± 3%), and FEF 75% (before-R: 108 ± 3%, mid-R: 111 ± 2%, after-R:111 ± 3%) were not significantly influenced by RF. To conclude, RF did not bring about any significant changes in the spirometric values of nonsmoking healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25779957','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25779957"><span>Disparities in health status between rural and urban <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Lower Silesia, Poland.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lipowicz, Anna</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Among the factors responsible for disparities in health status is place of residence. The aim of the study was to analyze differences in health status in 4142 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from villages and cities in Poland. Eleven biological parameters were used to assess the biological age. Among the better educated subjects, nine out of the eleven parameters were significantly worse in the rural subjects than in their urban counterparts. BMI, percent body fat, white blood cell count and blood glucose were higher, whereas respiratory and cardiovascular efficiency were lower. Only visual acuity was better in the rural subjects. For the poorly educated men, the pattern was generally similar, although the differences between the rural and urban subjects were smaller.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1194312-comparison-subantarctic-mode-water-antarctic-intermediate-water-formation-rates-south-pacific-between-ncar-ccsm4-observations','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1194312-comparison-subantarctic-mode-water-antarctic-intermediate-water-formation-rates-south-pacific-between-ncar-ccsm4-observations"><span>Comparison of <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water formation rates in the South Pacific between NCAR-CCSM4 and observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hartin, Corinne A.; Fine, Rana A.; Kamenkovich, Igor</p> <p>2014-01-28</p> <p>Average formation rates for <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Mode (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Waters (AAIW) in the South Pacific are calculated from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model version 4 (NCAR-CCSM4), using chlorofluorocarbon inventories. CFC-12 inventories and formation rates are compared to ocean observations. CCSM4 accurately simulates the southeast Pacific as the main formation region for SAMW and AAIW. CCSM4 formation rates for SAMW are 3.4 Sv, about half of the observational rate. Shallow mixed layers and a thinner SAMW in CCSM4 are responsible for lower formation rates. A formation rate of 8.1 Sv for AAIW in CCSM4 ismore » higher than observations. Higher inventories in CCSM4 in the southwest and central Pacific, and higher surface concentrations are the main reasons for higher formation rates of AAIW. This comparison of model and observations is useful for understanding the uptake and transport of other gases, e.g., CO2 by the model.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582306','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582306"><span>Brain serotonin synthesis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> characterized by physical aggression during childhood: a 21-year longitudinal study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Booij, Linda; Tremblay, Richard E; Leyton, Marco; Séguin, Jean R; Vitaro, Frank; Gravel, Paul; Perreau-Linck, Elisabeth; Lévesque, Mélissa L; Durand, France; Diksic, Mirko; Turecki, Gustavo; Benkelfat, Chawki</p> <p>2010-06-22</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adults</span> exhibiting severe impulsive and aggressive behaviors have multiple indices of low serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. It remains unclear though whether low 5-HT mediates the behavior or instead reflects a pre-existing vulnerability trait. In the present study, positron emission tomography with the tracer alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan ((11)C-AMT) was used to compare 5-HT synthesis capacity in two groups of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> from a 21-year longitudinal study (mean age +/- SD: 27.1+/-0.7): individuals with a history of childhood-limited high physical aggression (C-LHPA; N = 8) and individuals with normal (low) patterns of physical aggression (LPA; N = 18). The C-LHPA <span class="hlt">males</span> had significantly lower trapping of (11)C-AMT bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex and self-reported more impulsiveness. Despite this, in adulthood there were no group differences in plasma tryptophan levels, genotyping, aggression, emotional intelligence, working memory, computerized measures of impulsivity, psychosocial functioning/adjustment, and personal and family history of mood and substance abuse disorders. These results force a re-examination of the low 5-HT hypothesis as central in the biology of violence. They suggest that low 5-HT does not mediate current behavior and should be considered a vulnerability factor for impulsive-aggressive behavior that may or may not be expressed depending on other biological factors, experience, and environmental support during development.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29634714','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29634714"><span>Usher syndrome Type I in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> Nepalese <span class="hlt">male</span>: a rare case report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sahu, Sabin; Singh, Sanjay Kumar</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Usher syndrome, also known as retinitis pigmentosa-dysacusis syndrome, is an extremely rare genetic disorder, characterized by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and congenital sensorineural hearing loss. It has been estimated to account for 3-6% of the congenitally deaf population, upto 8-33% of individuals with RP and half of all cases with combined deafness and blindness (Vernon M,1969; Boughman JA et al,1983). The prevalence of Usher syndrome have been reported to range from 3.5 to 6.2 per 100,000 in different populations (Vernon M,1969; Boughman JA et al,1983; Yan D et al, 2010). We report a case of Usher syndrome type I in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> Nepalese <span class="hlt">male</span> with typical congenital profound hearing loss, and night blindness secondary to retinitis pigmentosa. © NEPjOPH.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21674575','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21674575"><span>High prevalence of polyclonal hypergamma-globulinemia in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in Ghana, Africa.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Buadi, Francis; Hsing, Ann W; Katzmann, Jerry A; Pfeiffer, Ruth M; Waxman, Adam; Yeboah, Edward D; Biritwum, Richard B; Tettey, Yao; Adjei, Andrew; Chu, Lisa W; DeMarzo, Angelo; Netto, George J; Dispenzieri, Angela; Kyle, Robert A; Rajkumar, S Vincent; Landgren, Ola</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>Chronic antigenic stimulation is associated with hypergamma-globulinemia. Higher rates of hypergamma-globulinemia in tropical populations are maintained even with migration to temperate regions. We conducted a population-based screening study to assess the prevalence and risk factors for hypergamma-globulinemia in Ghana, Africa. 917 Ghanaian <span class="hlt">males</span> (50-74 years) underwent in-person interviews and health examinations. Serum from all persons was analyzed by electrophoresis performed on agarose gel; serum with a discrete/localized band was subjected to immunofixation. 54 persons with monoclonal proteins were excluded and 17 samples were insufficient for analysis. Using logistic regression and Chi-square statistics we analyzed patterns of hypergamma-globulinemia. Among 846 study subjects, the median γ-globulin level was 1.86 g/dL. On the basis of a U.S. reference, 616 (73%) had hypergamma-globulinemia (>1.6 g/dL) and 178 (21%) had γ-globulin levels >2.17 gm/dl. On multivariate analyses, lower education status (P = 0.0013) and never smoking (P = 0.038) were associated with increased γ-globulin levels. Self-reported history of syphilis was associated with hypergamma-globulinemia. We conclude that three quarters of this population-based <span class="hlt">adult</span> Ghanaian <span class="hlt">male</span> sample had hypergamma-globulinemia with γ-globulin levels >1.6 g/dL. Future studies are needed to uncover genetic and environmental underpinnings of our finding, and to define the relationship between hypergamma-globulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and multiple myeloma. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19927088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19927088"><span>Differences in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female spino-pelvic alignment in asymptomatic young <span class="hlt">adults</span>: a three-dimensional analysis using upright low-dose digital biplanar X-rays.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Janssen, Michiel M A; Drevelle, Xavier; Humbert, Ludovic; Skalli, Wafa; Castelein, René M</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>A three-dimensional analysis of spino-pelvic alignment in 60 asymptomatic young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. To analyze the differences in sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in a group of asymptomatic young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females and describe gender specific reference values. Several spinal disorders like idiopathic scoliosis and Scheuermann's disease have a well-known sex-related prevalence ratio. As spino-pelvic alignment plays an important role in spinal biomechanics, it is imperative to analyze possible differences between the <span class="hlt">male</span> and female spino-pelvic alignment. Furthermore, in spinal fusion surgery, normal sagittal balance should be recreated as closely as possible. An innovative biplanar ultra low-dose radiographic technique was used to obtain three-dimensional reconstructions of the spine (T1-L5), sacrum, and pelvis in a freestanding position of 30 asymptomatic young <span class="hlt">male</span> and 30 young female <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Values were calculated for thoracic kyphosis (T4-T12), lumbar lordosis (L1-S1), total and regional lumbopelvic lordosis (PRT12, PRL2, PRL4, and PRL5), sagittal plumb line of T1, T4, and T9 (HAT1, HAT4, and HAT9), T1-L5 sagittal spinal inclination, T9 sagittal offset, and pelvic parameters (pelvic tilt, sacral slope, and pelvic incidence). In addition, vertebral inclination in the sagittal plane of each vertebra was measured. Differences in spino-pelvic alignment between the sexes were analyzed. The female spine was more dorsally inclined (11 degrees vs. 8 degrees ; P = 0.003). High thoracic and thoracolumbar vertebrae were more dorsally inclined in women than in men. Thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, regional lumbopelvic lordosis, sagittal plumb lines, T9 sagittal offset, and pelvic parameters were not statistically different between the sexes. These results indicate that the female spine is definitely different from the <span class="hlt">male</span> spine. The spine as whole and individual vertebrae in certain regions of the normal spine is more backwardly inclined in females than in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28367936','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28367936"><span>Effects of sense of coherence on depressive symptoms after employment in the Japan Self-Defense Force among <span class="hlt">male</span> young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kobayashi, Tohru</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Objective The present study aimed to explore the effects of sense of coherence (SOC) on depressive symptoms after employment in the Japan Self-Defense Force among <span class="hlt">male</span> young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.Methods In April 2013, 953 new <span class="hlt">male</span> members of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF; age range: 18-24 years) participated in this study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 20-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), which defines a score of 16 or greater as indicating the presence of depressive symptoms. The SOC score was assessed using a 13-item version (SOC-13), in which a score of 59 or greater is as assigned to the high score group. A second survey was conducted two months later, in June of 2013. For the analysis, we selected participants without depressive symptoms at the baseline survey. The association between SOC scores at baseline and the onset of depressive symptoms was examined using a logistic regression analysis.Results The final analysis was conducted on data on 389 new <span class="hlt">male</span> members of the JGSDF. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant reduction in the onset of depressive symptoms among the group with high SOC scores (odds ratios: 0.59, 95% confidence interval=0.35-0.98) as compared with that observed in the group with low SOC scores.Conclusions The present study clarified that SOC among <span class="hlt">male</span> young <span class="hlt">adults</span> has a buffering effect on the risk of developing depressive symptoms after employment in the Japan Self-Defense Force. Our results may be useful for improving the mental health of new employees.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19682501','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19682501"><span>Early life programming of fear conditioning and extinction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stevenson, Carl W; Spicer, Clare H; Mason, Rob; Marsden, Charles A</p> <p>2009-12-28</p> <p>The early rearing environment programs corticolimbic function and neuroendocrine stress reactivity in adulthood. Although early environmental programming of innate fear has been previously examined, its impact on fear learning and memory later in life remains poorly understood. Here we examined the role of the early rearing environment in programming fear conditioning and extinction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Pups were subjected to maternal separation (MS; 360 min), brief handling (H; 15 min), or animal facility rearing (AFR) on post-natal days 2-14. As <span class="hlt">adults</span>, animals were tested in a 3-day fear learning and memory paradigm which assessed the acquisition, expression and extinction of fear conditioning to an auditory cue; the recall of extinction was also assessed. In addition, contextual fear was assessed prior to cued extinction and its recall. We found that the acquisition of fear conditioning to the cue was modestly impaired by MS. However, no early rearing group differences were observed in cue-induced fear expression. In contrast, both the rate of extinction and extinction recall were attenuated by H. Finally, although contextual fear was reduced after extinction to the cue, no differences in context-induced fear were observed between the early rearing groups. These results add to a growing body of evidence supporting an important role for early environmental programming of fear conditioning and extinction. They also indicate that different early rearing conditions can program varying effects on distinct fear learning and memory processes in adulthood.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12270030','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12270030"><span>Causes of gynaecomastia in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and factors associated with idiopathic gynaecomastia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ersöz, Halil önder; Onde, Mehmet Emin; Terekeci, Hakan; Kurtoglu, Soner; Tor, Hayati</p> <p>2002-10-01</p> <p>Gynaecomastia is a common clinical condition. Persistent pubertal or late onset idiopathic gynaecomastia is the leading cause of gynaecomastia in different series. The aim of this study was the assessment of the prevalence and characteristics of different causes of gynaecomastia in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, and evaluation of the factors associated with idiopathic gynaecomastia. Fifty-three <span class="hlt">male</span> patients (mean age 22.04 +/- 2.22, range 19-29), who had been admitted to our outpatient clinics with gynaecomastia as the main presenting symptom were enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated with breast palpation, breast ultrasonography, anthropometric measurements and sex steroid levels. Secondary causes of gynaecomastia were ruled out. Thirty age-matched healthy individuals were also studied as healthy control group. Idiopathic gynaecomastia was diagnosed in 31 of 53 patients (58%), with 17 (32%) persistent pubertal and 14 (24%) late onset course. Other causes of gynaecomastia were hypogonadism in 13 cases (25%), hyperprolactinaemia in five (9%), chronic liver disease in two (4%), and drug induced (prolonged use of H2 antagonists) in two (4%). Patients with idiopathic gynaecomastia, either pubertal or late onset, were compared with the healthy control group in order to find out associated factors. Anthropometric measurements revealed a significant increase in body weight and body mass index (BMI) in the patient group compared with healthy controls (72.4 +/- 13.3 vs. 63.6 +/- 7.9 kg, p = 0.0086 and 25.2 +/- 4.0 vs. 21.5 +/- 2.7 kg/m2, p = 0.0001). Total skin fold thickness (SFT) of four different regions were also higher in the patient group (50.9 +/- 22.1 vs. 32.6 +/- 10.2 mm, p = 0.0006) indicating a higher body fat percentage. Total serum testosterone (4.76 +/- 1.31 vs. 5.70 +/- 1.06 microg/mL, p = 0.0038) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (4.80 +/- 1.92 vs. 7.32 +/- 1.90 mIU/mL, p < 0.0001) levels were significantly lower in the patient group while oestradiol levels were</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27188349','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27188349"><span>[Influences of genetic and environmental factors on smoking related behaviors among <span class="hlt">male</span> twin <span class="hlt">adults</span> in China].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bao, Z Q; Yu, C Q; Wang, B Q; Cao, W H; Gao, W J; Lyu, J; Wang, S F; Pang, Z C; Cong, L M; Dong, Z; Wu, F; Wang, H; Wu, X P; Wang, D Z; Wang, X J; Wang, B Y; Li, L M</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>To analyze the influences of genetic and environmental factors on smoking behavior, smoking cessation and onset age of smoking less than 20 years in <span class="hlt">male</span> twin <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A face-to-face questionnaire was conducted to collect data from 6 458 pair <span class="hlt">male</span> twins aged ≥25 years registered in 9 provinces(municipality)in China. The heritability of three smoking related behaviors were calculated by using structural equation models. The ACE models were the best models of the three dimensions of smoking, i.e. smoking behavior, smoking cessation and onset age of smoking less than 20 years for <span class="hlt">male</span> twins, and the corresponding heritability of these behaviors were 0.26(0.19-0.34), 0.27(0.19-0.37)and 0.05(0.00-0.14), respectively. When adjusted for area and age, the heritability of these three behaviors were 0.26(0.19-0.34), 0.31(0.00-0.74)and 0.05(0.00-0.14), respectively. All the three smoking related behaviors were affected by genetic factors, but environment factors had more effect on them. For smoking cessation, the heritability was highest, but the influence of environmental factors was lowest. Meanwhile, for onset age of smoking, the influence of environmental factors was highest.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP43B1459B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP43B1459B"><span>A multiproxy fjord sediment record of Holocene climate change from the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Auckland Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Browne, I. M.; Moy, C. M.; Wilson, G. S.; Neil, H.; Riesselman, C. R.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SHWW) and the associated oceanic fronts have a major influence on atmospheric and oceanic circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. Sediment cores recovered from fjords along the eastern margin of the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Auckland Islands (51°S, 166°E) are ideally located to sensitively record changes in the strength and position of the SHWW throughout the Holocene. A 5.75m core from Hanfield Inlet preserves both marine and terrestrial environmental components, which we use to develop a multiproxy record of past climatic conditions. This core, composed entirely of brown marine mud and silt, was recovered from a depth of 44m. Based on the entrance sill depth of the fjord (10mbsl) and our knowledge of regional sea level rise, we infer that the base of the core will be early Holocene in age, which will be confirmed using radiocarbon age dating. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages (125-500μm fraction) in surface and downcore samples are dominated by three taxa, Nonionellina flemingi, Cassidulina carinata and Quinqueloculina seminula. These species are either shallow infaunal or infaunal. We will use stable carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope geochemistry of the benthic foraminifera Nonionellina flemingi, Bolivina cf. earlandi, Trifarina angulosa, Bulimina marginata f. marginata and Cibicides species (all identified from Rose Bengal stained box-core samples) to reconstruct water column fluctuations associated with frontal migration. These results will compliment bulk sediment C and N concentration and isotope reconstructions of terrestrial organic matter delivery to fjord sub-basins over the past 12,000 years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4098002','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4098002"><span>Gestational Protein Restriction Impairs Insulin-Regulated Glucose Transport Mechanisms in Gastrocnemius Muscles of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Offspring</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Blesson, Chellakkan S.; Sathishkumar, Kunju; Chinnathambi, Vijayakumar</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Type II diabetes originates from various genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies showed that an adverse uterine environment such as that caused by a gestational low-protein (LP) diet can cause insulin resistance in <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring. The mechanism of insulin resistance induced by gestational protein restriction is not clearly understood. Our aim was to investigate the role of insulin signaling molecules in gastrocnemius muscles of gestational LP diet–exposed <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring to understand their role in LP-induced insulin resistance. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a control (20% protein) or isocaloric LP (6%) diet from gestational day 4 until delivery and a normal diet after weaning. Only <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring were used in this study. Glucose and insulin responses were assessed after a glucose tolerance test. mRNA and protein levels of molecules involved in insulin signaling were assessed at 4 months in gastrocnemius muscles. Muscles were incubated ex vivo with insulin to evaluate insulin-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR), Insulin receptor substrate-1, Akt, and AS160. LP diet-fed rats gained less weight than controls during pregnancy. <span class="hlt">Male</span> pups from LP diet–fed mothers were smaller but exhibited catch-up growth. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were elevated in LP offspring when subjected to a glucose tolerance test; however, fasting levels were comparable. LP offspring showed increased expression of IR and AS160 in gastrocnemius muscles. Ex vivo treatment of muscles with insulin showed increased phosphorylation of IR (Tyr972) in controls, but LP rats showed higher basal phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Insulin receptor substrate-1 (Tyr608, Tyr895, Ser307, and Ser318) and AS160 (Thr642) were defective in LP offspring. Further, glucose transporter type 4 translocation in LP offspring was also impaired. A gestational LP diet leads to insulin resistance in <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring by a mechanism involving inefficient insulin-induced IR, Insulin receptor</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25831203','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25831203"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision with a circular stapler versus conventional circumcision: A prospective randomized clinical trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jin, X D; Lu, J J; Liu, W H; Zhou, J; Yu, R K; Yu, B; Zhang, X J; Shen, B H</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Male</span> circumcision is the most frequently performed procedure by urologists. Safety and efficacy of the circumcision procedure requires continual improvement. In the present study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of a new <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision technique involving the use of a circular stapler. In total, 879 consecutive <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 441 underwent stapler circumcision, and 438 underwent conventional circumcision. The operative time, pain score, blood loss volume, healing time, treatment costs, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The operative time and blood loss volume were significantly lower in the stapler group than in the conventional group (6.8 ± 3.1 vs 24.2 ± 3.2 min and 1.8 ± 1.8 vs 9.4 ± 1.5 mL, respectively; P<0.01 for both). The intraoperative and postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the stapler group than in the conventional group (0.8 ± 0.5 vs 2.4 ± 0.8 and 4.0 ±0.9 vs 5.8 ± 1.0, respectively; P<0.01 for both). Additionally, the stapler group had significantly fewer complications than the conventional group (2.7% vs 7.8%, respectively; P<0.01). However, the treatment costs in the stapler group were much higher than those in the conventional group (US$356.60 ± 8.20 vs US$126.50 ± 7.00, respectively; P<0.01). Most patients (388/441, 88.0%) who underwent stapler circumcision required removal of residual staple nails. Overall, the present study has shown that stapler circumcision is a time-efficient and safe <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision technique, although it requires further improvement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26601123','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26601123"><span>Steinach and Young, Discoverers of the Effects of Estrogen on <span class="hlt">Male</span> Sexual Behavior and the "<span class="hlt">Male</span> Brain".</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Södersten, Per</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In the 1930s, Eugen Steinach's group found that estradiol induces lordosis in castrated rats and reduces the threshold dose of testosterone that is necessary for the induction of ejaculation, and that estradiol-treated intact rats display lordosis as well as mounting and ejaculation. The bisexual, estrogen-sensitive <span class="hlt">male</span> had been demonstrated. Another major, albeit contrasting, discovery was made in the 1950s, when William Young's group reported that <span class="hlt">male</span> guinea pigs and prenatally testosterone-treated female guinea pigs are relatively insensitive to estrogen when tested for lordosis as <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Reduced estrogen sensitivity was part of the new concept of organization of the neural tissues mediating the sexual behavior of females into tissues similar to those of <span class="hlt">males</span>. The importance of neural organization by early androgen stimulation was realized immediately and led to the discovery of a variety of sex differences in the brains of <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals. By contrast, the importance of the metabolism of testosterone into estrogen in the <span class="hlt">male</span> was recognized only after a delay. While the finding that <span class="hlt">males</span> are sensitive to estrogen was based on Bernhard Zondek's discovery in 1934 that testosterone is metabolized into estrogen in <span class="hlt">males</span>, the finding that <span class="hlt">males</span> are insensitive to estrogen was based on the hypothesis that testosterone-<span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior is the typical relationship in the <span class="hlt">male</span>. It is suggested that this difference in theoretical framework explains the discrepancies in some of the reported results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4795697','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4795697"><span>Metagenomic Survey of Viral Diversity Obtained from Feces of <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> and South American Fur Seals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kluge, Mariana; Campos, Fabrício Souza; Tavares, Maurício; de Amorim, Derek Blaese; Valdez, Fernanda Pedone; Giongo, Adriana; Roehe, Paulo Michel; Franco, Ana Claudia</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The Brazilian South coast seasonally hosts numerous marine species, observed particularly during winter months. Some animals, including fur seals, are found dead or debilitated along the shore and may harbor potential pathogens within their microbiota. In the present study, a metagenomic approach was performed to evaluate the viral diversity in feces of fur seals found deceased along the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The fecal virome of two fur seal species was characterized: the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) and the <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis). Fecal samples from 10 specimens (A. australis, n = 5; A. tropicalis, n = 5) were collected and viral particles were purified, extracted and amplified with a random PCR. The products were sequenced through Ion Torrent and Illumina platforms and assembled reads were submitted to BLASTx searches. Both viromes were dominated by bacteriophages and included a number of potentially novel virus genomes. Sequences of picobirnaviruses, picornaviruses and a hepevirus-like were identified in A. australis. A rotavirus related to group C, a novel member of the Sakobuvirus and a sapovirus very similar to California sea lion sapovirus 1 were found in A. tropicalis. Additionally, sequences of members of the Anelloviridae and Parvoviridae families were detected in both fur seal species. This is the first metagenomic study to screen the fecal virome of fur seals, contributing to a better understanding of the complexity of the viral community present in the intestinal microbiota of these animals. PMID:26986573</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27244125','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27244125"><span>Analysis of Injury Incidences in <span class="hlt">Male</span> Professional <span class="hlt">Adult</span> and Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pfirrmann, Daniel; Herbst, Mark; Ingelfinger, Patrick; Simon, Perikles; Tug, Suzan</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The incidence of injury for elite youth and professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players is an important concern, but the risk factors for these groups are different. To summarize and compare the injury incidences and injury characteristics of <span class="hlt">male</span> professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> and elite youth soccer players. We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science using the search terms elite, international, European, soccer, football, injury, injuries, epidemiology, incidence, prevalence, not female, not American football, and not rugby. We also used the search terms professional for studies on professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players and high-level, soccer academy, youth, adolescent, and young for studies on elite youth soccer players. Eligible studies were published in English, had a prospective cohort design, and had a minimum study period of 6 months. To ensure that injury data were assessed in relationship to the athlete's individual exposure, we included only studies that reported on injuries and documented exposure volume. Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria and assessed the quality of the studies. A total of 676 studies were retrieved from the literature search. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria: 6 for elite youth and 12 for professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players. Injury rates were higher for matches than for training for both youth and <span class="hlt">adult</span> players. Youth players had a higher incidence of training injuries than professionals. Efforts must be made to reduce the overall injury rate in matches. Therefore, preventive interventions, such as adequately enforcing rules and focusing on fair play, must be analyzed and developed to reduce match-related injury incidences. Reducing training injuries should be a particular focus for youth soccer players.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27036327','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27036327"><span>6-gingerol ameliorates gentamicin induced renal cortex oxidative stress and apoptosis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hegazy, Ahmed M S; Mosaed, Mohammed M; Elshafey, Saad H; Bayomy, Naglaa A</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Ginger or Zingiber officinale which is used in traditional medicine has been found to possess antioxidant effect that can control the generation of free radicals. Free radicals are the causes of renal cell degeneration that leads to renal failure in case of gentamicin induced toxicity. This study was done to evaluate the possible protective effects of 6-gingerol as natural antioxidant on gentamicin-induced renal cortical oxidative stress and apoptosis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats. Forty <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats were used in this study and were randomly divided into four groups, control group; 6-gingerol treated group; gentamicin treated group and protected group (given simultaneous 6-gingerol and gentamicin). At the end of the study, blood samples were drawn for biochemical study. Kidney sections were processed for histological, and immunohistochemical examination for caspase-3 to detect apoptosis and anti heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) to detect oxidative damage. Gentamicin treated rats revealed a highly significant increase in renal function tests, tubular dilatation with marked vacuolar degeneration and desquamation of cells, interstitial hemorrhage and cellular infiltration. Immunohistochemically, gentamicin treated rats showed a strong positive immunoreaction for caspase-3 and anti heat shock protein 47 (HSP47). Protected rats showed more or less normal biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical pictures. In conclusion, co-administration of 6-gingerol during gentamicin 'therapy' has a significant reno-protective effect in a rat model of gentamicin-induced renal damage. It is recommended that administration of ginger with gentamicin might be beneficial in men who receive gentamicin to treat infections. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22262485','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22262485"><span>Excessive dietary calcium in the disruption of structural and functional status of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive system in rat with possible mechanism.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>K Chandra, Amar; Sengupta, Pallav; Goswami, Haimanti; Sarkar, Mahitosh</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>Calcium is essential for functioning of different systems including <span class="hlt">male</span> reproduction. However, it has also been reported as chemo-castrative agent. The study has been undertaken to elucidate the effect of excessive dietary calcium on <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive system in animals with possible action. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> healthy rats fed CaCl(2) at different doses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g%) in diet for 13 and 26 days to investigate reproductive parameters as well as the markers of oxidative stress. Significant alteration was found (P < 0.05) in testicular and accessory sex organs weight, epididymal sperm count, testicular steroidogenic enzyme (Δ(5) 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) activities, serum testosterone, LH, FSH, LPO, activities of antioxidant enzymes, testicular histoarchitecture along with adrenal Δ(5) 3β-HSD activity with corticosterone level in dose- and time-dependent manner. Overall observations suggest that excessive dietary calcium enhances the generation of free-radicals resulting in structural and functional disruption of <span class="hlt">male</span> reproduction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436016','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436016"><span>Childhood sexual history of 20 <span class="hlt">male</span> pedophiles vs. 24 <span class="hlt">male</span> healthy control subjects.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cohen, Lisa J; McGeoch, Pamela G; Gans, Sniezyna Watras; Nikiforov, Konstantin; Cullen, Ken; Galynker, Igor I</p> <p>2002-11-01</p> <p>Despite the widespread incidence of childhood sexual abuse, there is insufficient investigation into the childhood sexual history of perpetrators. In addition, there is little published on the specific similarities between childhood and <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual histories. The present study investigates the incidence of childhood sexual abuse in a carefully characterized sample of <span class="hlt">male</span> pedophiles compared with a demographically similar control group. Concordance between and cognitive distortions about characteristics of childhood abuse and pedophilic behavior are also studied. Twenty men with pedophilia, heterosexual type were compared with 24 demographically similar, healthy <span class="hlt">male</span> control subjects on a questionnaire specifically designed to assess childhood sexual history in pedophiles. Sixty percent of pedophiles compared with 4% of control subjects reported <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual advances as a child. Seventy-five percent of pedophiles and 22% of control subjects reported a first sexual encounter before age 14 years. About 60% concordance was found between acts experienced as a child and perpetrated as an <span class="hlt">adult</span>. Finally, numerous inconsistencies throughout the questionnaire add preliminary support for the role of cognitive distortions with regard to childhood and <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual history. The present findings replicate the elevated rate of childhood sexual abuse found among pedophiles and are consistent with the notion of a causative relationship between early childhood abuse and later pedophilic behavior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29654692','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29654692"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> height in patients with familial <span class="hlt">male</span>-limited precocious puberty and the role of an aromatase inhibitor in patient management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lane, Laura C; Flowers, Josephine; Johnstone, Helen; Cheetham, Tim</p> <p>2018-04-25</p> <p>There is little <span class="hlt">adult</span> height data in patients with familial <span class="hlt">male</span>-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) and no management consensus. We assessed the treatment and <span class="hlt">adult</span> height in local patients with FMPP and those reported in the literature. Growth data were obtained on four local patients with FMPP and a search performed to obtain management details and <span class="hlt">adult</span> height data on cases in the literature. UK (90) population standards were used to calculate standard deviation scores (SDS). <span class="hlt">Adult</span> height data were available on 25 men with FMPP of whom 21 were treated. Median <span class="hlt">adult</span> height SDS of patients was -1.5 SD with a mid-parental target of -0.6 SD (p=0.1). Eight patients (32%) had an <span class="hlt">adult</span> height above the mid-parental target and seven patients (28%) had a height >2 SD below the mean. The median height SD was -0.03 in untreated patients and +0.5 SD in those receiving an aromatase inhibitor. There was no relationship between height and age at presentation. Aromatase inhibitor therapy is associated with a positive height outcome in FMPP but the outcome with and without intervention is unpredictable. Clinicians need to be cautious when counselling families about the potential height outcome in FMPP.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656274','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656274"><span>Probable gamma-aminobutyric acid involvement in bisphenol A effect at the hypothalamic level in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cardoso, Nancy; Pandolfi, Matías; Lavalle, Justina; Carbone, Silvia; Ponzo, Osvaldo; Scacchi, Pablo; Reynoso, Roxana</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the neuroendocrine mechanism of control of the reproductive axis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats exposed to it during pre- and early postnatal periods. Wistar mated rats were treated with either 0.1% ethanol or BPA in their drinking water until their offspring were weaned at the age of 21 days. The estimated average dose of exposure to dams was approximately 2.5 mg/kg body weight per day of BPA. After 21 days, the pups were separated from the mother and sacrificed on 70 day of life. Gn-RH and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from hypothalamic fragments was measured. LH, FSH, and testosterone concentrations were determined, and histological and morphometrical studies of testis were performed. Gn-RH release decreased significantly, while GABA serum levels were markedly increased by treatment. LH serum levels showed no changes, and FSH and testosterone levels decreased significantly. Histological studies showed abnormalities in the tubular organization of the germinal epithelium. The cytoarchitecture of germinal cells was apparently normal, and a reduction of the nuclear area of Leydig cells but not their number was observed. Taken all together, these results provide evidence of the effect caused by BPA on the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive axis when exposed during pre- and postnatal period. Moreover, our findings suggest a probable GABA involvement in its effect at the hypothalamic level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28506300','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28506300"><span>Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Arabic version of the oxford knee score in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> with knee osteoarthritis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alghadir, Ahmad H; Al-Eisa, Einas S; Anwer, Shahnawaz</p> <p>2017-05-15</p> <p>There are varieties of self-assessment questionnaire used for the evaluation of pain, functional disability, and health related quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The present study intended to adapt and translate the oxford knee score into the Arabic and investigated its psychometric properties in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> with knee OA. Ninety-seven <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> (mean age 57.55 ± 11.49 years) with knee OA participated. Patients were requested to complete the adapted Arabic version of the Oxford knee score (OKS-Ar), reduced "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC)", and the Visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients were requested to complete 2 nd form of OKS-Ar at least 1 week apart to assess the reproducibility of the score. The OKS was adapted and translated into Arabic by two independent Arabic native speakers (one rehabilitation professional having experience of knee OA patients and another one a trained translator) according to the international guidelines. All the participants completed the 2 nd form of OKS-Ar (Response rate 100%). Reliability and internal consistency was high with an ICC of 0.97, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.987, respectively. A significant relationship between the OKS-Ar and the WOMAC and VAS scores confirmed the construct validity (p < 0.001). The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were 2.2 and 6.2, respectively. The adapted Arabic version of the OKS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, including reliability, internal consistency, and the validity. The present study indicates that the OKS-Ar is a suitable questionnaire to measure pain and physical function in the Arabic speaking <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patients with knee OA.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344150','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344150"><span>Mating behavior of adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Watts, David P</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Male</span> mating tactics vary extensively in many primates. Some variation occurs because adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> often are sexually active but cannot invest heavily in mating effort because of their limited ability to compete directly with <span class="hlt">adults</span> and because they are still investing in growth; consequently, most of their mating attempts may be surreptitious and/or with females whose fecundity is low. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have a complex mating system: most copulations occur between estrous females with full sexual swelling and multiple <span class="hlt">males</span> in group settings where the potential for sperm competition is high, but <span class="hlt">males</span> sometimes mate-guard females, and sometimes <span class="hlt">male</span>-female pairs mate exclusively with each other while avoiding other <span class="hlt">males</span> during "consortships." Among other factors, dominance ranks, coalition formation, and variation in <span class="hlt">male</span>-female association influence <span class="hlt">male</span> mating and reproductive success. Mating effort increases from adolescence into prime adulthood. At Gombe and Mahale, adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> copulated more with nulliparous than with parous females, and mostly when females were unlikely to be ovulating, partly because of low <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> interest in nulliparous females and partly because of aggression from or avoidance of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Adolescents thus had low probabilities of siring infants. However, adolescents are known to have gained some paternity at Gombe and in other populations, and their mating behavior deserves more study. I present data on mating by adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> in an unusually large chimpanzee community at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Adolescents at Ngogo also copulated more with nulliparous than parous females and mostly copulated outside of periovulatory periods. Also, they directed less aggression at estrous females than did <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. However, they gained lower shares of copulations than reported for Gombe and Mahale, regardless of female parity, and received more aggression from <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. These differences might partly</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926503','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926503"><span>Effects of nicotine on sperm characteristics and fertility profile in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats: a possible role of cessation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oyeyipo, Ibukun Peter; Raji, Yinusa; Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho; Bolarinwa, Adeyombo Folashade</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>Infertility is common among couples of child-bearing age and approximately half of known causes of primary infertility are attributable to <span class="hlt">male</span> factor. It is still unclear whether the injurious effects of cigarette smoking on sperm characteristics and infertility are due to nicotine. Therefore, the present study investtigated the effects of orally administered of nicotine on sperm characteristics and libido in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats. The study also sought nicotine effects on fertility rate, litter size and weight in female animals cohabited with nicotine treated <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Forty <span class="hlt">male</span> and twenty-five female rats were used for the study. The <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were divided into five groups and were treated for a period of 30 days with nicotine 0.5 mg/kg (low dose) and 1.0 mg/kg (high dose) per body weight while the control rats received 0.2 ml/kg normal saline. The fourth and fifth groups were gavaged with 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg body weight of nicotine but were left untreated for another 30 days. These groups served as the recovery groups. At the end of each experimental period, sperm analysis, fertility study, litter weight and size were determined. Sperm motility and count significantly decreased (P < 0.05) while the percentage of abnormality significantly increased (P < 0.05) in both treatment groups. However, there was an insignificant decrease (P > 0.05) in the viability and semen volume of the treated groups. Fertility studies revealed that nicotine reduced libido in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats, litter weight and number delivered by the untreated female during the experiments. The present study showed that nicotine has a dose-dependent deleterious effect on the sperm characteristics and that fertility is ameliorated by nicotine cessation in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19655695','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19655695"><span>Does cross-fostering modify the prenatal effect of methamphetamine on learning of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hrubá, L; Schutová, B; Pometlová, M; Slamberová, R</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Our previous studies demonstrated that methamphetamine administered during gestation and lactation periods impairs maternal behavior, alters the functional development of rat pups and affects behavior in adulthood. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of prenatal methamphetamine exposure and cross-fostering on learning tested in Morris water maze (MWM) in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Mothers were daily exposed to injection of methamphetamine (MA) (5 mg/kg) or saline (S): prior to impregnation and throughout gestation and lactation periods. On postnatal day 1, pups were cross-fostered so that each mother received some of her own and some of the pups of mother with the opposite treatment. Based on the prenatal and postnatal treatments 4 experimental groups (S/S, S/MA, MA/S, MA/MA) were tested in MWM. Two types of tests were used: (1) "Place navigation test" (Learning) and (2) "Probe test" (Probe). In the test of learning, all animals fostered by methamphetamine-treated dams had longer latencies and trajectories, and bigger search error than the animals fostered by saline-treated control mother, regardless of prenatal exposure. Further, the animals prenatally exposed to methamphetamine swam slower than the animals prenatally exposed to saline, regardless of postnatal exposure in the test of learning and in the Probe test. Our results showed that neither prenatal nor postnatal methamphetamine exposure affected the Probe test. Our results showed that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine at dose of 5 mg/kg does not impair learning in the MWM, while postnatal exposure to methamphetamine from mothers' breastmilk and maternal care of mother exposed to methamphetamine impairs learning of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. On the other hand, the maternal care of control mothers does not impair learning of rat pups prenatally exposed to methamphetamine. The present study demonstrates that cross-fostering may affect learning in adulthood.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25782746','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25782746"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> emotionality and neural plasticity as a function of adolescent nutrient supplementation in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McCall, Nora; Mahadevia, Darshini; Corriveau, Jennifer A; Glenn, Melissa J</p> <p>2015-03-14</p> <p>The present study explored the effects of supplementing <span class="hlt">male</span> rats with either choline, omega-3 fatty acids, or phytoestrogens, from weaning into early adulthood, on emotionality and hippocampal plasticity. Because of the neuroprotective properties of these nutrients, we hypothesized that they would positively affect both behavior and hippocampal function when compared to non-supplemented control rats. To test this hypothesis, <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of four nutrient conditions after weaning: 1) control (normal rat chow); 2) choline (supplemented in drinking water); 3) omega 3 fatty acids (daily oral supplements); or 4) phytoestrogens (supplemented in chow). After 4weeks on their respective diets, a subset of rats began 3weeks of behavioral testing, while the remaining behaviorally naïve rats were sacrificed after 6weeks on the diets to assess numbers of <span class="hlt">adult</span>-born hippocampal neurons using the immature neuron marker, doublecortin. The results revealed that choline supplementation affected emotional functioning; compared to rats in other diet conditions, rats in this group were less anxious in an open field and after exposure to predator odor and showed less behavioral despair after forced swimming. Similar behavioral findings were evident following supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and phytoestrogen supplementation, though not on all tests and not to the same magnitude. Histological findings followed a pattern consistent with the behavioral findings: choline supplementation, followed by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, but not phytoestrogen supplementation, significantly increased the numbers of new-born hippocampal neurons. Choline and omega-3 fatty acids have similar biological functions-affecting cell membranes, growth factor levels, and epigenetically altering gene transcription. Thus, the present findings suggest that targeting nutrients with these effects may be a viable strategy to combat <span class="hlt">adult</span> psychopathologies. Copyright </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15755885','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15755885"><span>Deleterious effects of repeated cold exposure in a freeze-tolerant <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> caterpillar.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sinclair, Brent J; Chown, Steven L</p> <p>2005-03-01</p> <p>Multiple freeze-thaw cycles are common in alpine, polar and temperate habitats. We investigated the effects of five consecutive cycles of approx. -5 degrees C on the freeze-tolerant larvae of Pringleophaga marioni Viette (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) on <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Marion Island. The likelihood of freezing was positively correlated with body mass, and decreased from 70% of caterpillars that froze on initial exposure to 55% of caterpillars that froze on subsequent exposures; however, caterpillars retained their freeze tolerance and did not appear to switch to a freeze-avoiding strategy. Apart from an increase in gut water, there was no difference in body composition of caterpillars frozen 0 to 5 times, suggesting that the observed effects were not due to freezing, but rather to exposure to cold per se. Repeated cold exposure did not result in mortality, but led to decreased mass, largely accounted for by a decreased gut mass caused by cessation of feeding by caterpillars. Treatment caterpillars had fragile guts with increased lipid content, suggesting damage to the gut epithelium. These effects persisted for 5 days after the final exposure to cold, and after 30 days, treatment caterpillars had regained their pre-exposure mass, whereas their control counterparts had significantly gained mass. We show that repeated cold exposure does occur in the field, and suggest that this may be responsible for the long life cycle in P. marioni. Although mean temperatures are increasing on Marion Island, several climate change scenarios predict an increase in exposures to sub-zero temperatures, which would result in an increased generation time for P. marioni. Coupled with increased predation from introduced house mice on Marion Island, this could have severe consequences for the P. marioni population.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4470318','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4470318"><span><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision with a circular stapler versus conventional circumcision: A prospective randomized clinical trial</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jin, X.D.; Lu, J.J.; Liu, W.H.; Zhou, J.; Yu, R.K.; Yu, B.; Zhang, X.J.; Shen, B.H.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Male</span> circumcision is the most frequently performed procedure by urologists. Safety and efficacy of the circumcision procedure requires continual improvement. In the present study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of a new <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision technique involving the use of a circular stapler. In total, 879 consecutive <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 441 underwent stapler circumcision, and 438 underwent conventional circumcision. The operative time, pain score, blood loss volume, healing time, treatment costs, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The operative time and blood loss volume were significantly lower in the stapler group than in the conventional group (6.8 ± 3.1 vs 24.2 ± 3.2 min and 1.8 ± 1.8 vs 9.4 ± 1.5 mL, respectively; P<0.01 for both). The intraoperative and postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the stapler group than in the conventional group (0.8 ± 0.5 vs 2.4 ± 0.8 and 4.0 ±0.9 vs 5.8 ± 1.0, respectively; P<0.01 for both). Additionally, the stapler group had significantly fewer complications than the conventional group (2.7% vs 7.8%, respectively; P<0.01). However, the treatment costs in the stapler group were much higher than those in the conventional group (US$356.60 ± 8.20 vs US$126.50 ± 7.00, respectively; P<0.01). Most patients (388/441, 88.0%) who underwent stapler circumcision required removal of residual staple nails. Overall, the present study has shown that stapler circumcision is a time-efficient and safe <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision technique, although it requires further improvement. PMID:25831203</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22215282-relative-sensitivity-developmental-immune-parameters-juvenile-versus-adult-male-rats-after-exposure-di-ethylhexyl-phthalate','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22215282-relative-sensitivity-developmental-immune-parameters-juvenile-versus-adult-male-rats-after-exposure-di-ethylhexyl-phthalate"><span>Relative sensitivity of developmental and immune parameters in juvenile versus <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats after exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tonk, Elisa C.M., E-mail: ilse.tonk@rivm.nl; Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Verhoef, Aart</p> <p></p> <p>The developing immune system displays a relatively high sensitivity as compared to both general toxicity parameters and to the <span class="hlt">adult</span> immune system. In this study we have performed such comparisons using di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a model compound. DEHP is the most abundant phthalate in the environment and perinatal exposure to DEHP has been shown to disrupt <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual differentiation. In addition, phthalate exposure has been associated with immune dysfunction as evidenced by effects on the expression of allergy. <span class="hlt">Male</span> wistar rats were dosed with corn oil or DEHP by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 10–50 or PND 50–90 atmore » doses between 1 and 1000 mg/kg/day. Androgen-dependent organ weights showed effects at lower dose levels in juvenile versus <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals. Immune parameters affected included TDAR parameters in both age groups, NK activity in juvenile animals and TNF-α production by adherent splenocytes in <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals. Immune parameters were affected at lower dose levels compared to developmental parameters. Overall, more immune parameters were affected in juvenile animals compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals and effects were observed at lower dose levels. The results of this study show a relatively higher sensitivity of juvenile versus <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats. Furthermore, they illustrate the relative sensitivity of the developing immune system in juvenile animals as compared to general toxicity and developmental parameters. This study therefore provides further argumentation for performing dedicated developmental immune toxicity testing as a default in regulatory toxicology. -- Highlights: ► In this study we evaluate the relative sensitivities for DEHP induced effects. ► Results of this study demonstrate the age-dependency of DEHP toxicity. ► Functional immune parameters were more sensitive than structural immune parameters. ► Immune parameters were affected at lower dose levels than developmental parameters. ► Findings demonstrate the susceptibility of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=stuttering&pg=7&id=EJ964876','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=stuttering&pg=7&id=EJ964876"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> versus Female Attitudes toward Stuttering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>St. Louis, Kenneth O.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Purpose: The study investigated the extent to which differences existed between public attitudes of <span class="hlt">males</span> versus females. Method: One hundred <span class="hlt">adults</span>, 50 <span class="hlt">males</span> and 50 females, were chosen at random from each of 50 study samples comprising a total of 3371 respondents in a database archive who had completed the "Public Opinion Survey of Human…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29558776','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29558776"><span>[Effect of Core Muscle Strengthening Exercises (Including Plank and Side Plank) on Injury Rate in <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Soccer Players: A Systematic Review].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blasimann, Angela; Eberle, Simon; Scuderi, Manuel Markus</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p> Soccer is seen as highly intensive sport with an increased injury rate. <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> are the players with the highest injury incidence. Accordingly, the importance of core muscle strengthening to prevent injury has increased in the past few years. Up to date, core muscle strengthening plays an important role in different prevention programs, such as the "FIFA 11 +". The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of core muscle strengthening on injury rate in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players, including at least the known and easy exercises "plank" and "side plank", on injury rate in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players. The databases PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus and Cinahl were searched systematically. Included studies had to comprise exercises for core muscles as an intervention (as a part of a prevention program) for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> soccer players. The control group had to continue their usual exercise routine. The exercises "plank" and "side plank" were mandatory elements of the training program. The number of injuries and/or the injury rate (per 1000 hours) were defined as outcomes. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the PEDro scale and the Risk of Bias tool. Seven studies with 2491 participants in total could be included. Two studies found a significant decrease in the injury rate in the intervention group (p < 0.05, p < 0.001 respectively). In two studies, no significance level was reported, but the training showed preventive effects in the intervention group. In the other three studies, no significant changes in the injury rate were found (p > 0.05). The seven included studies differed greatly with respect to the applied methods, the chosen interventions and the obtained results. Furthermore, core muscles were never trained separately but were always part of a program containing other preventive elements. Therefore, it was difficult to compare the studies. However, prevention programs including</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.5243F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.5243F"><span>Investigation of the late summer Si-budget in the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> and Polar Front Zones south of Tasmania (SAZ-SENSE)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fripiat, F.; Leblanc, K.; Elskens, M.; Quéguiner, B.; Armand, L.; Cornet-Barthaux, V.; André, L.; Cardinal, D.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>In the surface ocean, the Si-biogeochemical budget can be estimated by the ratio between the integrated biogenic silica dissolution and production rates. However such data are scarce in the ocean mostly because of methodology limitation. This is especially true in the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Zone (SAZ) where only two profiles were measured so far, exhibiting large variation (dissolution: production ratio of 0.3 and 3.1 for spring and summer, respectively). Though, the SAZ plays a crucial role in the efficiency of the silicate pump and the fertility of the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> Mode Waters which then replenish in nutrients the majority of the surface waters of the world ocean. Therefore, better constraining the dissolution: production ratios in this region will certainly improve our understanding of these processes. During the SAZ-SENSE cruise (Jan.-Feb. 2007), the Si-budget of three stations (two in the SAZ and one in the Polar Frontal Zone, PFZ, for a total of nine profiles) covering different biogeochemical properties (e.g., Fe enriched vs. depleted conditions, dominance of diatoms vs. other phytoplankton,…) was investigated. This was implemented in the framework of an exhaustive characterization of the Si-biogeochemical cycle using different parameters: PDMPO labelling, 32Si and 30Si spiked incubations, and, taxonomy. We have developed a new method for the determination of the production and dissolution rates from the 30Si isotopic dilution technique. We now measure the changes of the 30Si-abundances in particulate and liquid phases by High Resolution Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (HR-SF-ICP-MS). This method, which is faster, more sensitive and more precise than the traditional ones using an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) or Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TIMS), will significantly aid in expanding the biogenic silica production-dissolution dataset in the ocean. The results obtained on Si budget indicate that the Si</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5013706','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5013706"><span>Analysis of Injury Incidences in <span class="hlt">Male</span> Professional <span class="hlt">Adult</span> and Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pfirrmann, Daniel; Herbst, Mark; Ingelfinger, Patrick; Simon, Perikles; Tug, Suzan</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Context: The incidence of injury for elite youth and professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players is an important concern, but the risk factors for these groups are different. Objective: To summarize and compare the injury incidences and injury characteristics of <span class="hlt">male</span> professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> and elite youth soccer players. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science using the search terms elite, international, European, soccer, football, injury, injuries, epidemiology, incidence, prevalence, not female, not American football, and not rugby. We also used the search terms professional for studies on professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players and high-level, soccer academy, youth, adolescent, and young for studies on elite youth soccer players. Study Selection: Eligible studies were published in English, had a prospective cohort design, and had a minimum study period of 6 months. To ensure that injury data were assessed in relationship to the athlete's individual exposure, we included only studies that reported on injuries and documented exposure volume. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria and assessed the quality of the studies. Data Synthesis: A total of 676 studies were retrieved from the literature search. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria: 6 for elite youth and 12 for professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> soccer players. Conclusions: Injury rates were higher for matches than for training for both youth and <span class="hlt">adult</span> players. Youth players had a higher incidence of training injuries than professionals. Efforts must be made to reduce the overall injury rate in matches. Therefore, preventive interventions, such as adequately enforcing rules and focusing on fair play, must be analyzed and developed to reduce match-related injury incidences. Reducing training injuries should be a particular focus for youth soccer players. PMID:27244125</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898071','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898071"><span>Are adolescents more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cannabis than <span class="hlt">adults</span>? A placebo-controlled study in human <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mokrysz, C; Freeman, T P; Korkki, S; Griffiths, K; Curran, H V</p> <p>2016-11-29</p> <p>Preclinical research demonstrates that cannabinoids have differing effects in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals. Whether these findings translate to humans has not yet been investigated. Here we believe we conducted the first study to compare the acute effects of cannabis in human adolescent (n=20; 16-17 years old) and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (n=20; 24-28 years old) <span class="hlt">male</span> cannabis users, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design. After inhaling vaporized active or placebo cannabis, participants completed tasks assessing spatial working memory, episodic memory and response inhibition, alongside measures of blood pressure and heart rate, psychotomimetic symptoms and subjective drug effects (for example, 'stoned', 'want to have cannabis'). Results showed that on active cannabis, adolescents felt less stoned and reported fewer psychotomimetic symptoms than <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Further, <span class="hlt">adults</span> but not adolescents were more anxious and less alert during the active cannabis session (both pre- and post-drug administration). Following cannabis, cognitive impairment (reaction time on spatial working memory and prose recall following a delay) was greater in <span class="hlt">adults</span> than adolescents. By contrast, cannabis impaired response inhibition accuracy in adolescents but not in <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Moreover, following drug administration, the adolescents did not show satiety; instead they wanted more cannabis regardless of whether they had taken active or placebo cannabis, while the opposite was seen for <span class="hlt">adults</span>. These contrasting profiles of adolescent resilience (blunted subjective, memory, physiological and psychotomimetic effects) and vulnerability (lack of satiety, impaired inhibitory processes) show some degree of translation from preclinical findings, and may contribute to escalated cannabis use by human adolescents.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5290352','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5290352"><span>Are adolescents more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cannabis than <span class="hlt">adults</span>? A placebo-controlled study in human <span class="hlt">males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mokrysz, C; Freeman, T P; Korkki, S; Griffiths, K; Curran, H V</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Preclinical research demonstrates that cannabinoids have differing effects in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals. Whether these findings translate to humans has not yet been investigated. Here we believe we conducted the first study to compare the acute effects of cannabis in human adolescent (n=20; 16–17 years old) and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (n=20; 24–28 years old) <span class="hlt">male</span> cannabis users, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design. After inhaling vaporized active or placebo cannabis, participants completed tasks assessing spatial working memory, episodic memory and response inhibition, alongside measures of blood pressure and heart rate, psychotomimetic symptoms and subjective drug effects (for example, ‘stoned', ‘want to have cannabis'). Results showed that on active cannabis, adolescents felt less stoned and reported fewer psychotomimetic symptoms than <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Further, <span class="hlt">adults</span> but not adolescents were more anxious and less alert during the active cannabis session (both pre- and post-drug administration). Following cannabis, cognitive impairment (reaction time on spatial working memory and prose recall following a delay) was greater in <span class="hlt">adults</span> than adolescents. By contrast, cannabis impaired response inhibition accuracy in adolescents but not in <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Moreover, following drug administration, the adolescents did not show satiety; instead they wanted more cannabis regardless of whether they had taken active or placebo cannabis, while the opposite was seen for <span class="hlt">adults</span>. These contrasting profiles of adolescent resilience (blunted subjective, memory, physiological and psychotomimetic effects) and vulnerability (lack of satiety, impaired inhibitory processes) show some degree of translation from preclinical findings, and may contribute to escalated cannabis use by human adolescents. PMID:27898071</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3904949','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3904949"><span>Adverse Events Profile of PrePex a Non-Surgical Device for <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Circumcision in a Ugandan Urban Setting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Galukande, Moses; Duffy, Kevin; Bitega, Jean Paul; Rackara, Sam; Bbaale, Denis Sekavuga; Nakaggwa, Florence; Nagaddya, Teddy; Wooding, Nick; Dea, Monica; Coutinho, Alex</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background Safe <span class="hlt">Male</span> Circumcision is a proven approach for partial HIV prevention. Several sub Saharan African countries have plans to reach a prevalence of 80% of their <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> circumcised by 2015. These targets require out of ordinary organization, demand creation, timely execution and perhaps the use of SMC devices. Objective To profile Adverse Events rate and acceptance of PrePex, a non surgical device for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision. Methods A prospective study, conducted at International Hospital Kampala, Uganda, between August and October 2012. Ethical approval was obtained from Uganda National Council of Science and Technology. Results Of 1,040 men received to undergo SMC, 678 opted for PrePex, 36 were excluded at an initial physical examination screening. 642 were enrolled and consented, and another 17 were excluded before device placement. 625 underwent the procedure. Average age was 24 years (±7). Twelve moderate AEs occurred among 10 participants 12/625, (1.9%). These were all reversible. Five had device displacement, one had an everted foreskin; five had bleeding after the device was removed and one had voiding difficulties. The majority (279 out of 300) of men interviewed complained of some pain within the week of placement. Mean pain score at device placement (using visual analogue scale) was 0.5, at device removal 4.5 and within 2 min of removal the pain score was 1.4. Over 70% of the devices were placed and removed by non-physician clinicians. Presented with a choice, 60% of men chose PrePex over surgical SMC. Close to 90% would recommend the device to their friends. Odour from the necrotic skin was a concern. Removals done 1–2 days earlier than day 7 were beneficial and conferred no extra risk. Conclusion AEs of a moderate or severe nature associated with PrePex were low and reversible. PrePex is feasible for mass safe <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision scaling up. PMID:24489754</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507464','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507464"><span>Global gene expression associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice induced by in utero arsenic exposure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jie; Xie, Yaxiong; Ducharme, Danica M K; Shen, Jun; Diwan, Bhalchandra A; Merrick, B Alex; Grissom, Sherry F; Tucker, Charles J; Paules, Richard S; Tennant, Raymond; Waalkes, Michael P</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p>Our previous work has shown that exposure to inorganic arsenic in utero produces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice. To explore further the molecular mechanisms of transplacental arsenic hepatocarcinogenesis, we conducted a second arsenic transplacental carcinogenesis study and used a genomewide microarray to profile arsenic-induced aberrant gene expression more extensively. Briefly, pregnant C3H mice were given drinking water containing 85 ppm arsenic as sodium arsenite or unaltered water from days 8 to 18 of gestation. The incidence of HCC in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring was increased 4-fold and tumor multiplicity 3-fold after transplacental arsenic exposure. Samples of normal liver and liver tumors were taken at autopsy for genomic analysis. Arsenic exposure in utero resulted in significant alterations (p < 0.001) in the expression of 2,010 genes in arsenic-exposed liver samples and in the expression of 2,540 genes in arsenic-induced HCC. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that significant alterations in gene expression occurred in a number of biological networks, and Myc plays a critical role in one of the primary networks. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of selected genes/proteins showed > 90% concordance. Arsenic-altered gene expression included activation of oncogenes and HCC biomarkers, and increased expression of cell proliferation-related genes, stress proteins, and insulin-like growth factors and genes involved in cell-cell communications. Liver feminization was evidenced by increased expression of estrogen-linked genes and altered expression of genes that encode gender-related metabolic enzymes. These novel findings are in agreement with the biology and histology of arsenic-induced HCC, thereby indicating that multiple genetic events are associated with transplacental arsenic hepatocarcinogenesis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539907','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539907"><span>Using plain language skills to create an educational brochure about sperm banking for adolescent and young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with cancer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nagel, Kim; Wizowski, Lindsay; Duckworth, JoAnn; Cassano, Jane; Hahn, Shirley Ann; Neal, Michael</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Writing in plain language makes it easier for patients to read, understand, and make informed decisions about sperm banking. Greater attention to the issue and properly designed educational brochures for use by nurses in oncology and reproductive health is of evident importance but of unknown impact. A multidisciplinary clinical team followed an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to develop "plain language" patient education materials about sperm banking for adolescent and young <span class="hlt">adult</span> (AYA) <span class="hlt">males</span> with cancer. A patient education booklet was produced and implemented as part of the planned patient education for AYA <span class="hlt">male</span> oncology patients at McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The patient education booklet for use by health professionals as a teaching tool to facilitate discussion with AYA <span class="hlt">males</span> has been produced with the hope that it will contribute to better informed decision making regarding sperm banking and increased use of this technology for fertility preservation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172637','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172637"><span>Developing an attitude towards bullying scale for prisoners: structural analyses across <span class="hlt">adult</span> men, young <span class="hlt">adults</span> and women prisoners.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ireland, Jane L; Power, Christina L; Bramhall, Sarah; Flowers, Catherine</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Few studies have attempted to explore attitudes towards bullying among prisoners, despite acknowledgement that attitudes may play an important role. To evaluate the structure of a new attitudinal scale, the Prison Bullying Scale (PBS), with <span class="hlt">adult</span> men and women in prison and with young <span class="hlt">male</span> prisoners. That attitudes would be represented as a multidimensional construct and that the PBS structure would be replicated across confirmatory samples. The PBS was developed and confirmed across four independent studies using item parceling and confirmatory factor analysis: Study I comprised 412 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> prisoners; Study II, 306 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> prisoners; Study III, 171 <span class="hlt">male</span> young offenders; and Study IV, 148 <span class="hlt">adult</span> women prisoners. Attitudes were represented as a multidimensional construct comprising seven core factors. The exploratory analysis was confirmed in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> samples, with some confirmation among young offenders and <span class="hlt">adult</span> women. The fit for young offenders was adequate and improved by factor covariance. The fit for women was the poorest overall. The study notes the importance of developing ecologically valid measures and statistically testing these measures prior to their clinical or research use. The development of the PBS holds value both as an assessment and as a research measure and remains the only ecologically validated measure in existence to assess prisoner attitudes towards bullying.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19272357','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19272357"><span>Organizational influence of the postnatal testosterone surge on the circadian rhythm of core body temperature of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zuloaga, Damian G; McGivern, Robert F; Handa, Robert J</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms such as activity, body temperature, and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythms coordinated by the SCN often show sex differences arising from both organizational and activational effects of gonadal hormones. In <span class="hlt">males</span>, little is known about the organizational role of testosterone on the circadian regulation of core body temperature (CBT) in adulthood. To explore this, we castrated or sham-operated <span class="hlt">male</span> rats on the day of birth, and at 4 months of age, implanted them with transmitters that measured CBT rhythms under a 12:12 light/dark cycle. This study revealed a significantly earlier rise in CBT during the light phase in neonatally castrated <span class="hlt">males</span>. Subsequently, we found that treating neonatally castrated <span class="hlt">males</span> with testosterone propionate (TP) in adulthood did not reverse the effect of neonatal castration, thus indicating an organizational role for testosterone. In contrast, a single injection of TP at the time of neonatal surgery, to mimic the postnatal surge of testosterone, coupled with TP treatment in adulthood, normalized the circadian rise in CBT. In a final study we examined CBT circadian rhythms in intact <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats and detected no differences in the rise of CBT during the light phase, although there was a greater overall elevation in female CBT. Together, results of these studies reveal an early organizational role of testosterone in <span class="hlt">males</span> on the timing of the circadian rise of CBT, a difference that does not appear to reflect "defeminization".</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25598523','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25598523"><span>Dominance relationships among siamang <span class="hlt">males</span> living in multimale groups.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morino, Luca</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Intense intolerance among <span class="hlt">males</span> is considered to be an important mechanism maintaining the uni-<span class="hlt">male</span> organization traditionally attributed to socially monogamous gibbons. Long-term field work, however, has revealed the existence of stable, socially polyandrous groups in at least two populations, raising questions about the mechanism that allows two <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> to co-reside in the same group. I collected 21 months of behavioral data on 7 two-<span class="hlt">male</span> groups of wild siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus) in southern Sumatra (Indonesia) to test the hypothesis that dominance relationships regulate the interactions of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> siamangs and ultimately facilitate multi-<span class="hlt">male</span> social groups. A dominant <span class="hlt">male</span> could clearly be identified in each dyad, based on a consistent direction of agonistic interactions, displacements and the maintenance of an advantageous position in the canopy. <span class="hlt">Males</span> identified as dominant enjoyed greater social access to the resident female and monopolized copulations. These results suggest that gibbons possess the psycho-social flexibility to regulate intra-sexual aggression and live in multi-<span class="hlt">male</span> social units under certain social conditions. I discuss the effects that relatedness between <span class="hlt">males</span> and female choice have in determining this grouping pattern, and the role of <span class="hlt">male</span> intolerance in the maintenance of primate mating systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/1008196','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/1008196"><span>Rare <span class="hlt">male</span> aggression directed toward females in a female-dominated society: Baiting behavior in the spotted hyena</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Szykman, Micaela; Engh, Anne L.; Van Horn, Russell C.; Boydston, Erin E.; Scribner, Kim T.; Holekamp, Kay E.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are gregarious carnivores. The females are socially dominant to <span class="hlt">males</span>, and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> rarely direct aggression toward <span class="hlt">adult</span> females. This study analyzed all cases in which <span class="hlt">adult</span> immigrant <span class="hlt">males</span> behaved aggressively toward <span class="hlt">adult</span> females in a large population of free-living hyenas in Kenya, observed for 11 years. Our goals were to describe the conditions under which <span class="hlt">male</span> attacks on females occur, and address possible adaptive functions. Most aggression directed by <span class="hlt">adult</span> immigrant <span class="hlt">males</span> against females occurred when coalitions of two or more <span class="hlt">males</span> attacked a single <span class="hlt">adult</span> female, who typically responded by defending herself and fighting back. <span class="hlt">Male</span> aggression against females frequently occurred at sites of ungulate kills, but <span class="hlt">males</span> never behaved aggressively toward females over food, and all <span class="hlt">male</span> attacks on females were unprovoked. Although no mounting or other copulatory behaviors ever occurred during or immediately after an attack, the number of <span class="hlt">male</span> attacks on females peaked around the time of conception. Daily rates at which <span class="hlt">males</span> attacked females did not vary with female social rank. However, daily attack rates did vary significantly with female reproductive state, and the highest rates of <span class="hlt">male</span> attack on females were observed during the two stages of the reproductive cycle during which females were most likely to conceive litters. The adaptive significance of <span class="hlt">male</span> aggression against females in this species remains unknown, but a tight association between <span class="hlt">male</span> attacks on females and a female's time of conception provides strong evidence of some role for <span class="hlt">male</span> aggression in hyena sexual behavior. In particular, our data are consistent with hypotheses suggesting that <span class="hlt">male</span> aggression toward females in this species either serves to inform females about <span class="hlt">male</span> fitness or represents sexual harassment.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401287','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401287"><span>Effect of standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08) on testicular functions in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Patel, Shishir Kumar; Singh, Shilpi; Singh, Hemant Kumar; Singh, Shio Kumar</p> <p>2017-02-02</p> <p>Bacopa monnieri (BM) has been used in India since the time of Rig-Veda for augmentation of learning, memory, brain health etc. The memory augmenting effect of BM is well documented. CDRI-08 is a standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri, but its effect on the <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive health has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of CDRI-08 administration on the <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive organs with special emphasis on testis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice. CDRI-08, containing at least 55% bacosides (the major constituent of BM), was investigated for its effect on testicular functions in <span class="hlt">adult</span> Parkes (P) mice. A suspension of CDRI-08 was orally administered in doses of 40 and 80mgkg -1 body weight day -1 for 28 days and various <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive end points were evaluated. Compared to control, CDRI-08 treatment caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in spermatogenic cell density (germinal epithelial height: control, 55.03±4.22 vs 40mg, 67.15±2.65 and 80mg, 69.93±3.76; and tubular diameter: control, 206.55±2.62 vs 80mg, 253.23±12.19), PCNA index (control, 59.85±2.09 vs 40mg, 82.17±1.56 and 80mg, 84.05±3.51) and in steroidogenic indices in the testis, and in sperm viability (control, 0.67±0.010 vs 80mg, 0.80±0.04) in cauda epididymidis of the treated mice. On the other hand, however, the same treatment caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in abnormal sperm morphology (control, 21.72±1.06 vs 40mg, 10.63±1.50 and 80mg, 15.86±0.87) in cauda epididymidis, and in lipid peroxidation level in testis of the treated mice compared to controls. The results suggest that treatment with CDRI-08 extract improves sperm quality, and spermatogenic cell density and steroidogenic indices in the testis of P mice. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26157771','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26157771"><span>Prevalence and factor association of premature ejaculation among <span class="hlt">adult</span> Asian <span class="hlt">males</span> with lower urinary tract symptoms.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Silangcruz, Jan Michael A; Chua, Michael E; Morales, Marcelino L</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>To determine the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) among <span class="hlt">adult</span> Asian <span class="hlt">males</span> presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and characterize its association with other clinical factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary medical center to determine the prevalence of PE among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> participants with LUTS during the Annual National Prostate Health Awareness Day. Basic demographic data of the participants were collected. All participants were assessed for the presence and severity of LUTS using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and for the presence of PE using the PE diagnostic tool. Digital rectal examination was performed by urologists to obtain prostate size. LUTS was further categorized into severity, storage symptoms (frequency, urgency, and nocturia), and voiding symptoms (weak stream, intermittency, straining, and incomplete emptying) to determine their association with PE. Data were analyzed by comparing the participants with PE (PE diagnostic tool score ≥11) versus those without PE, using the independent t test for continuous data, Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal data, and Chi-square test for nominal data. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. A total of 101 <span class="hlt">male</span> participants with a mean ± standard deviation age of 60.75 ± 10.32 years were included. Among the participants, 33% had moderate LUTS, and 7% severe LUTS. The most common LUTS was nocturia (33%). The overall prevalence of PE was 27%. There was no significant difference among participants with PE versus those without PE in terms of age, marital status, prostate size, or total IPSS score. However, significant difference between groups was noted on the level of education (Mann-Whitney U, z = -1.993, P = 0.046) where high educational status was noted among participants with PE. Likewise, participants with PE were noted to have more prominent weak stream (Mann-Whitney U, z = -2.126, P = 0.033). Among the participants consulted</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25981526','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25981526"><span>Visual perceptions of <span class="hlt">male</span> obesity: a cross-cultural study examining <span class="hlt">male</span> and female lay perceptions of obesity in Caucasian <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Robinson, Eric; Hogenkamp, Pleunie S</p> <p>2015-05-16</p> <p>Obesity is now common and this may have altered visual perceptions of what constitutes a 'normal' and therefore healthy weight. The present study examined cross-cultural differences in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female participants' ability to visually identify the weight status of photographed Caucasian <span class="hlt">males</span>. Five hundred and fifty three <span class="hlt">male</span> and female young <span class="hlt">adults</span> from the US (high obesity prevalence), UK and Sweden (lower obesity prevalence) participated in an online study. Participants judged the weight status of a series of photographed healthy weight, overweight and obese (class I) Caucasian <span class="hlt">males</span> and rated the extent to which they believed each <span class="hlt">male</span> should consider losing weight. There was a strong tendency for both <span class="hlt">male</span> and female participants to underestimate the weight status of the photographed overweight and obese <span class="hlt">males</span>. Photographed <span class="hlt">males</span> were frequently perceived as being of healthier weight than they actually were. Some modest cross-cultural differences were also observed; US participants were worse at recognising obesity than UK participants (p < 0.05) and were also significantly more likely to believe that the photographed obese <span class="hlt">males</span> did not need to consider losing weight, in comparison to both the UK and Swedish participants (ps < 0.05). No cross-cultural differences were observed for perceptions or attitudes towards the photographed healthy weight or overweight <span class="hlt">males</span>. The weight status of overweight and obese (class I) Caucasian <span class="hlt">males</span> is underestimated when judged by <span class="hlt">males</span> and females using visual information alone. This study provides initial evidence of modest cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward, and the ability to recognise, obesity in Caucasian <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27234193','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27234193"><span>The risk of <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> alcohol dependence: The role of the adverse childhood experiences and ecological executive function.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Zengxun; Yang, Ying; Shi, Zhenchun; Liu, Jintong; Wang, Yang</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>To explore the association between <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> alcohol dependence and their adverse childhood experiences as well as ecological executive function. The questionnaires of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-<span class="hlt">Adult</span> Version (BRIEF-A) were adopted for the assessments of 102 alcohol dependent patients who were diagnosed according to the criteria defined by the International Classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD-10) and 106 healthy volunteers, and the differences between patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed. The percentage of adverse childhood experiences in alcohol dependent patients was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (χ(2)=17.28, P<0.01); and the incidences of emotional abuse, physical neglect, violence witness, and substance abuse were significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than those in healthy volunteers (χ(2)=4.59, 4.46, 10.51, and 44.09 respectively; P<0.05). The ecological executive function analysis showed that the BRIEF total score and scores for each item were all significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than those of healthy volunteers (P<0.01). The <span class="hlt">adult</span> alcohol dependence was associated with their adverse childhood experiences and ecological executive function. Then physical neglect and substance abuse of parents in childhood, and emotional control defect in the ecological executive function showed strong association with <span class="hlt">adult</span> alcohol dependence. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985272','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985272"><span>Perceptions about medical <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision and sexual behaviours of <span class="hlt">adults</span> in rural Uganda: a cross sectional study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mukama, Trasias; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Musinguzi, Geofrey; Musoke, David</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Medical <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision is currently recognized as an additional important HIV preventive intervention to reduce the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men. However, sexual behaviours after medical circumcision can potentially reduce the expected benefits of the practice. This study explored the perceptions about medical <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision and sexual behaviours of <span class="hlt">adults</span> in Kayunga district, Uganda. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 393 respondents using a semi structured questionnaire. In addition, four focus group discussions were conducted. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA 12. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study established various perceptions about medical <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision and sexual behaviours. Majority 247 (64.5%) did not perceive circumcision as a practice that can lead men to have multiple sexual partners. <span class="hlt">Males</span> were 3 times more likely to think that circumcision would lead to having multiple sexual partners than females (AOR=2.99, CI: 1.93-4.61). Only 89 (23.2%) believed that circumcision would lead to complacency and compromise the use of condoms to prevent against infection with HIV. Respondents who had education above primary were less likely to think that circumcision would compromise the use of condoms (AOR=0.49, CI: 0.31- 0.79). The perception that circumcised youths were less likely to abstain from sexual intercourse was less held among those with education above primary (AOR=0.58, CI: 0.37-0.91) and those older than 30 years (AOR=0.59, CI: 0.38-0.92). There were gaps in knowledge and negative perceptions about MMC in the study community. Measures are needed to avert the negative perceptions by equipping communities with sufficient, accurate and consistent information about medical <span class="hlt">male</span> circumcision and sexual behaviour.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193391','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193391"><span>Variation in spring harvest rates of <span class="hlt">male</span> wild turkeys in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Diefenbach, Duane R.; Casalena, Mary Jo; Schiavone, Michael V.; Reynolds, Michael; Eriksen, Robert; Vreeland, Wendy C.; Swift, Bryan L.; Boyd, Robert C.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Spring harvest rates of <span class="hlt">male</span> wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) influence the number and proportion of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in the population and turkey population models have treated harvest as additive to other sources of mortality. Therefore, hunting regulations and their effect on spring harvest rates have direct implications for hunter satisfaction. We used tag recovery models to estimate survival rates, investigate spatial, temporal, and demographic variability in harvest rates, and assess how harvest rates may be related to management strategies and landscape characteristics. We banded 3,266 <span class="hlt">male</span> wild turkeys throughout New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania during 2006–2009. We found little evidence that harvest rates varied by year or management zone. The proportion of the landscape that was forested within 6.5 km of the capture location was negatively related to harvest rates; however, even though the proportion forested ranged from 0.008 to 0.96 across our study area, this corresponded to differences in harvest rates of only 2–5%. Annual survival was approximately twice as high for juveniles as <span class="hlt">adults</span> . In turn, spring harvest rates for <span class="hlt">adult</span> turkeys were greater for <span class="hlt">adults</span> than juveniles . We estimated the population of <span class="hlt">male</span> turkeys in New York and Pennsylvania ranged from 104,000 to 132,000 in all years and ranged from 63,000 to 75,000 in Ohio. Because of greater harvest rates for <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, the proportion of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in the population was less than in the harvest and ranged from 0.40 to 0.81 among all states and years. The high harvest rates observed for <span class="hlt">adults</span> may be offset by greater recruitment of juveniles into the <span class="hlt">adult</span> age class the following year such that these states can sustain high harvest rates yet still maintain a relative high proportion of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in the harvest and population.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3759970','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3759970"><span>Testosterone influences spatial strategy preferences among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Spritzer, Mark D.; Fox, Elliott C.; Larsen, Gregory D.; Batson, Christopher G.; Wagner, Benjamin A.; Maher, Jack</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Males</span> outperform females on some spatial tasks, and this may be partially due to the effects of sex steroids on spatial strategy preferences. Previous work with rodents indicates that low estradiol levels bias females toward a striatum-dependent response strategy, whereas high estradiol levels bias them toward a hippocampus-dependent place strategy. We tested whether testosterone influenced the strategy preferences in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. All subjects were castrated and assigned to one of three daily injection doses of testosterone (0.125, 0.250, or 0.500 mg/rat) or a control group that received daily injections of the drug vehicle. Three different maze protocols were used to determine rats’ strategy preferences. A low dose of testosterone (0.125 mg) biased <span class="hlt">males</span> toward a motor-response strategy on a T-maze task. In a water maze task in which the platform itself could be used intermittently as a visual cue, a low testosterone dose (0.125 mg) caused a significant increase in the use of a cued-response strategy relative to control <span class="hlt">males</span>. Results from this second experiment also indicated that <span class="hlt">males</span> receiving a high dose of testosterone (0.500 mg) were biased toward a place strategy. A third experiment indicated that testosterone dose did not have a strong influence on the ability of rats to use a nearby visual cue (floating ball) in the water maze. For this experiment, all groups seemed to use a combination of place and cued-response strategies. Overall, the results indicate that the effects of testosterone on spatial strategy preference are dose dependent and task dependent. PMID:23597827</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26235914','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26235914"><span>Endocrinological correlates of <span class="hlt">male</span> bimaturism in wild Bornean orangutans.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Marty, Pascal R; van Noordwijk, Maria A; Heistermann, Michael; Willems, Erik P; Dunkel, Lynda P; Cadilek, Manuela; Agil, Muhammad; Weingrill, Tony</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Among primates, orangutans are unique in having pronounced <span class="hlt">male</span> bimaturism leading to two fully <span class="hlt">adult</span> morphs that differ in both physical appearance and behavior. While unflanged <span class="hlt">males</span> have a female-like appearance, flanged <span class="hlt">males</span> have the full suite of secondary sexual characteristics, including cheek flanges and a large throat sac. So far, hormonal correlates of arrested development in unflanged <span class="hlt">males</span> and the expression of secondary sexual characteristics in flanged <span class="hlt">males</span> have only been studied in zoo-housed individuals. In this study, we investigated fecal androgen and glucocorticoid metabolites as hormonal correlates of <span class="hlt">male</span> bimaturism in 17 wild <span class="hlt">adult</span> Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. We predicted and found higher androgen levels in flanged <span class="hlt">males</span> compared to unflanged <span class="hlt">males</span>, probably due to ongoing strong competition among flanged <span class="hlt">males</span> who meet too infrequently to establish a clear linear dominance hierarchy. Furthermore, we found no difference in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations between flanged and unflanged <span class="hlt">males</span>, indicating that social stress is unlikely to explain arrested development in unflanged wild orangutans. The only actively developing <span class="hlt">male</span> in our study showed significantly higher androgen levels during the period of development than later as a fully flanged <span class="hlt">male</span>. This supports earlier findings from zoo studies that elevated androgen levels are associated with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3947500','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3947500"><span>Passive Response to Stress in Adolescent Female and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Mice after Intermittent Nicotine Exposure in Adolescence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Thanos, Panayotis; Delis, Foteini; Rosko, Lauren; Volkow, Nora D</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Smoking is frequently co-morbid with depression. Although it is recognized that depression increases the risk for smoking, it is unclear if early smoking exposure may increase the risk for depression. To test this possibility we assessed the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on the Forced Swim Test (FST), which is used as a measure of passive coping, and depressive-like behavior in rodents, and on the open field test (OFT), which is used as a measure of locomotion and exploratory behavior. <span class="hlt">Male</span> and female mice received daily saline or nicotine (0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg) injections from postnatal day (PD) 30 to PD 44. FST and OFT were performed either 1 or 30 days after the last injection (PD 45 and PD 74, respectively). In females, treatment with 0.3 mg/kg nicotine lead to increased FST immobility (64%) and decreased OFT locomotor activity (12%) one day following the last nicotine injection (PD 45); while no effects were observed in adulthood (PD 74). In contrast, on PD45, nicotine treatment did not change the <span class="hlt">male</span> FST immobility but lead to lower OFT locomotor activity (0.6 mg/kg, 10%). In adulthood (PD 74), both nicotine doses lead to higher FST immobility (87%) in <span class="hlt">males</span> while 0.6 mg/kg nicotine to lower OFT locomotor activity (13%). The results (i) identify females as more vulnerable to the immediate withdrawal that follows nicotine discontinuation in adolescence and (ii) suggest that adolescent nicotine exposure may enhance the risk for passive response towards unavoidable stress in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. PMID:24619539</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28120457','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28120457"><span>Sexual Homicide by Older <span class="hlt">Male</span> Offenders.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Myers, Wade C; Chan, Heng Choon Oliver; Mariano, Timothy Y; Safarik, Mark E; Geberth, Vernon J</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Recent research has expanded our understanding of sexual homicide offenders (SHOs). However, little exists beyond case reports for older SHOs. We characterized <span class="hlt">male</span> SHOs ≥ 55 years, comparing them to typical <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> SHOs who are in their 20s. Analysis of 37 years (1976-2012) of US Supplementary Homicide Reports data provided a large SHO sample (N = 3453). Three case reports provide clinical context for the diverse nature and patterns of older SHOs. Only 32 older <span class="hlt">male</span> SHOs and no older female SHOs were identified. Murders by older SHOs accounted for only 0.5% of US sexual homicides. Unlike typical SHOs that generally target young <span class="hlt">adult</span> females, over two-thirds of older SHO victims were ≥40 years, and one-third were ≥55 years. Sexual homicides by older SHOs, like sexual homicide in general, decreased over the study period. These crimes, while exceedingly rare, do occur, warranting special consideration. © 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23963876','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23963876"><span>Female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> transmasculine <span class="hlt">adult</span> health: a mixed-methods community-based needs assessment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reisner, Sari L; Gamarel, Kristi E; Dunham, Emilia; Hopwood, Ruben; Hwahng, Sel</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>There is a dearth of health research about transgender people. This mixed-methods study sought to formatively investigate the health and perceived health needs of female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> transmasculine <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A cross-sectional quantitative needs assessment (n = 73) and qualitative open-ended input (n = 19) were conducted in June 2011. A latent class analysis modeled six binary health indicators (depression, alcohol use, current smoking, asthma, physical inactivity, overweight status) to identify clusters of presenting health issues. Four clusters of health indicators emerged: (a) depression; (b) syndemic (all indicators); (c) alcohol use, overweight status; and (d) smoking, physical inactivity, overweight status. Transphobic discrimination in health care and avoiding care were each associated with membership in the syndemic class. Qualitative themes included personal health care needs, community needs, and resilience and protective factors. Findings fill an important gap about the health of transmasculine communities, including the need for public health efforts that holistically address concomitant health concerns.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=separation+AND+parents&pg=2&id=EJ1047868','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=separation+AND+parents&pg=2&id=EJ1047868"><span>"Never Really Had a Good Education You Know, Until I Came in Here": Educational Life Histories of Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Prisoner Learners</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Carrigan, Jane; Maunsell, Catherine</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This article focuses on the educational life histories of nine prisoner learners aged between 18 and 21 years which were collated as part of doctoral work which sought to access the life histories of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> prisoners who were attending a prison school while incarcerated in prison. The nine life histories of the young men were collated not only…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192906','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192906"><span>Toluene effects on the motor activity of adolescent, young-<span class="hlt">adult</span>, middle-age and senescent <span class="hlt">male</span> Brown Norway rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>MacPhail, R C; Farmer, J D; Jarema, K A</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Life stage is an important risk factor for toxicity. Children and aging <span class="hlt">adults</span>, for example, are more susceptible to certain chemicals than are young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. In comparison to children, relatively little is known about susceptibility in older <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Additionally, few studies have compared toxicant susceptibility across a broad range of life stages. Results are presented for behavioral evaluations of <span class="hlt">male</span> Brown Norway rats obtained as adolescents (1 month), or young (4 months), middle-age (12 months) and senescent (24 months) <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Motor activity was evaluated in photocell devices during 30-min sessions. Age-related baseline characteristics and sensitivity to toluene (0, 300, 650, or 1000mg/kg, p.o.) were determined. In Experiment 1, young-<span class="hlt">adult</span>, middle-age and senescent rats were treated with corn-oil vehicle before five weekly test sessions. Baselines of horizontal and vertical activity decreased with age, but each age-group's averages remained stable across weeks of testing. Baseline activity of older rats was more variable than that of the young <span class="hlt">adults</span>; older rats were also more variable individually from week to week. Toluene (1000mg/kg) increased horizontal activity proportionately more in senescent rats (ca. 300% of control) than in middle-age or young-<span class="hlt">adult</span> rats (ca.145-175% of control). Experiment 2 established toluene dose-effect functions in individual adolescent, young-<span class="hlt">adult</span>, middle-age and senescent rats; each rat received all treatments, counterbalanced across four weekly sessions. Toluene produced dose-related increases in horizontal activity that increased proportionately with age. Experiment 3 replicated the effects of toluene (1000mg/kg) in Experiment 1, showing that toluene-induced increases in horizontal activity were greatest in the oldest rats. Collectively, the results show that aging increased susceptibility to toluene and also increased variability in toluene response. Given the rapid growth of the aged population, further research is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359164','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359164"><span>Coffee consumption and periodontal disease in <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ng, Nathan; Kaye, Elizabeth Krall; Garcia, Raul I</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>Coffee is a major dietary source of antioxidants as well as of other anti-inflammatory factors. Given the beneficial role of such factors in periodontal disease, whether coffee intake is associated with periodontal disease in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> was explored. Existing data collected by a prospective, closed-panel cohort study of aging and oral health in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> was used. Participants included the 1,152 dentate <span class="hlt">males</span> in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Dental Longitudinal Study who presented for comprehensive medical and dental examinations from 1968 to 1998. Mean age at baseline was 48 years; <span class="hlt">males</span> were followed for up to 30 years. Participants are not VA patients; rather, they receive their medical and dental care in the private sector. Periodontal status was assessed by probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and radiographic alveolar bone loss (ABL), measured on intraoral periapical radiographs with a modified Schei ruler method. Moderate-to-severe periodontal disease was defined as cumulative numbers of teeth exhibiting PD ≥4 mm or ABL ≥40%. Coffee intake was obtained from participant self-reports using the Cornell Medical Index and food frequency questionnaires. Multivariate repeated-measures generalized linear models estimated mean number of teeth with moderate-to-severe disease at each examination by coffee intake level. It was found that higher coffee consumption was associated with a small but significant reduction in number of teeth with periodontal bone loss. No evidence was found that coffee consumption was harmful to periodontal health. Coffee consumption may be protective against periodontal bone loss in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3795959','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3795959"><span>Prenatal exposure to escitalopram and/or stress in rats produces limited effects on endocrine, behavioral, or gene expression measures in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bourke, Chase H.; Stowe, Zachary N.; Neigh, Gretchen N.; Olson, Darin E.; Owens, Michael J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Stress and/or antidepressants during pregnancy have been implicated in a wide range of long-term effects in the offspring. We investigated the long-term effects of prenatal stress and/or clinically relevant antidepressant exposure on <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring in a model of the pharmacotherapy of maternal depression. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps that delivered clinically relevant exposure to the antidepressant escitalopram throughout gestation. Subsequently, pregnant females were exposed on gestational days 10–20 to a chronic unpredictable mild stress paradigm. The <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring were analyzed in adulthood. Baseline physiological measurements were largely unaltered by prenatal manipulations. Behavioral characterization of the <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring, with or without pre-exposure to an acute stressor, did not reveal any group differences. Prenatal stress exposure resulted in a faster return towards baseline following the peak response to an acute restraint stressor, but not an airpuff startle stressor, in adulthood. Microarray analysis of the hippocampus and hypothalamus comparing all treatment groups revealed no significantly-altered transcripts. Real time PCR of the hippocampus confirmed that several transcripts in the CRFergic, serotonergic, and neural plasticity pathways were unaffected by prenatal exposures. This stress model of maternal depression and its treatment indicate that escitalopram use and/or stress during pregnancy produced no alterations in our measures of <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> behavior or the transcriptome, however prenatal stress exposure resulted in some evidence for increased glucocorticoid negative feedback following an acute restraint stress. Study design should be carefully considered before implications for human health are ascribed to prenatal exposure to stress or antidepressant medication. PMID:23906943</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27830885','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27830885"><span>The protective role of melatonin on L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sadek, A S; Khattab, R T</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease that has an increasing incidence worldwide. AP is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates ranging 15-40% in its severe form. Oxidative stress plays an important role in pancreatic acinar cell injury in case of AP. Melatonin (Mel) is proven to have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the work was to investigate the protective role of Mel against L-arginine (L-arg)-induced AP in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats. Thirty-six <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into four groups; Control group (Group A; n = 6), Mel group (Group B; n = 6), L-arg group (Group C; n = 12) receiving two doses of L-arg injection with 1 h interval in-between, and L-arg+Mel group (Group D; n = 12) receiving Mel 1 h after each L-arg injection. 24 h after the second L-arg injection, the serum levels of amylase (AM), lipase (LP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined. Then, pancreatic specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical staining with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the area percentage of VEGF and collagen content were measured by digital image analysis. Microscopic examination revealed that animals received L-arg only (Group C) showed loss of the pancreatic lobular architecture with marked fibrosis, acinar degeneration, inflammatory reaction and marked oedema with vascular congestion. Also, L-arg-induced AP caused a significant elevation of the serum levels of AM, LP, IL-6. All these histo-pathological and serological parameters were markedly improved by Mel administration. Melatonin exhibits strong therapeutic effects in the course of AP. Hence, the use of Mel as adjuvant treatment in AP is recommended.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25510304','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25510304"><span>What is the impingement-free range of motion of the asymptomatic hip in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Larkin, Brian; van Holsbeeck, Marnix; Koueiter, Denise; Zaltz, Ira</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Femoroacetabular impingement is a recognized cause of chondrolabral injury. Although surgical treatment for impingement seeks to improve range of motion, there are very little normative data on dynamic impingement-free hip range of motion (ROM) in asymptomatic people. Hip ultrasound demonstrates labral anatomy and femoral morphology and, when used dynamically, can assist in measuring range of motion. The purposes of this study were (1) to measure impingement-free hip ROM until labral deflection is observed; and (2) to measure the maximum degree of sagittal plane hip flexion when further flexion is limited by structural femoroacetabular abutment. Forty asymptomatic <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> volunteers (80 hips) between the ages of 21 and 35 years underwent bilateral static and dynamic hip ultrasound examination. Femoral morphology was characterized and midsagittal flexion passive ROM was measured at two points: (1) at the initiation of labral deformation; and (2) at maximum flexion when the femur impinged on the acetabular rim. The mean age of the subjects was 28 ± 3 years and the mean body mass index was 25 ± 4 kg/m(2). Mean impingement-free hip passive flexion measured from full extension to initial labral deflection was 68° ± 17° (95% confidence interval [CI], 65-72). Mean maximum midsagittal passive flexion, measured at the time of bony impingement, was 96° ± 6° (95% CI, 95-98). Using dynamic ultrasound, we found that passive ROM in the asymptomatic hip was much less than the motion reported in previous studies. Measuring ROM using ultrasound is more accurate because it allows anatomic confirmation of terminal hip motion. Surgical procedures used to treat femoroacetabular impingement are designed to restore or increase hip ROM and their results should be evaluated in light of precise normative data. This study suggests that normal passive impingement-free femoroacetabular flexion in the young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> is approximately 95°.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4647061','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4647061"><span>Steinach and Young, Discoverers of the Effects of Estrogen on <span class="hlt">Male</span> Sexual Behavior and the “<span class="hlt">Male</span> Brain”1,2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Abstract In the 1930s, Eugen Steinach’s group found that estradiol induces lordosis in castrated rats and reduces the threshold dose of testosterone that is necessary for the induction of ejaculation, and that estradiol-treated intact rats display lordosis as well as mounting and ejaculation. The bisexual, estrogen-sensitive <span class="hlt">male</span> had been demonstrated. Another major, albeit contrasting, discovery was made in the 1950s, when William Young’s group reported that <span class="hlt">male</span> guinea pigs and prenatally testosterone-treated female guinea pigs are relatively insensitive to estrogen when tested for lordosis as <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Reduced estrogen sensitivity was part of the new concept of organization of the neural tissues mediating the sexual behavior of females into tissues similar to those of <span class="hlt">males</span>. The importance of neural organization by early androgen stimulation was realized immediately and led to the discovery of a variety of sex differences in the brains of <span class="hlt">adult</span> animals. By contrast, the importance of the metabolism of testosterone into estrogen in the <span class="hlt">male</span> was recognized only after a delay. While the finding that <span class="hlt">males</span> are sensitive to estrogen was based on Bernhard Zondek’s discovery in 1934 that testosterone is metabolized into estrogen in <span class="hlt">males</span>, the finding that <span class="hlt">males</span> are insensitive to estrogen was based on the hypothesis that testosterone–<span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior is the typical relationship in the <span class="hlt">male</span>. It is suggested that this difference in theoretical framework explains the discrepancies in some of the reported results. PMID:26601123</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597827','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597827"><span>Testosterone influences spatial strategy preferences among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spritzer, Mark D; Fox, Elliott C; Larsen, Gregory D; Batson, Christopher G; Wagner, Benjamin A; Maher, Jack</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Males</span> outperform females on some spatial tasks, and this may be partially due to the effects of sex steroids on spatial strategy preferences. Previous work with rodents indicates that low estradiol levels bias females toward a striatum-dependent response strategy, whereas high estradiol levels bias them toward a hippocampus-dependent place strategy. We tested whether testosterone influenced the strategy preferences in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. All subjects were castrated and assigned to one of three daily injection doses of testosterone (0.125, 0.250, or 0.500 mg/rat) or a control group that received daily injections of the drug vehicle. Three different maze protocols were used to determine rats' strategy preferences. A low dose of testosterone (0.125 mg) biased <span class="hlt">males</span> toward a motor-response strategy on a T-maze task. In a water maze task in which the platform itself could be used intermittently as a visual cue, a low testosterone dose (0.125 mg) caused a significant increase in the use of a cued-response strategy relative to control <span class="hlt">males</span>. Results from this second experiment also indicated that <span class="hlt">males</span> receiving a high dose of testosterone (0.500 mg) were biased toward a place strategy. A third experiment indicated that testosterone dose did not have a strong influence on the ability of rats to use a nearby visual cue (floating ball) in the water maze. For this experiment, all groups seemed to use a combination of place and cued-response strategies. Overall, the results indicate that the effects of testosterone on spatial strategy preference are dose dependent and task dependent. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28759836','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28759836"><span>Comparison of celioscopy and histological examinations to assess <span class="hlt">male</span> gonadal health and functionality in <span class="hlt">adults</span> and immature wild raptors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dogliero, Andrea; Rossi, Giacomo; Mauthe von Degerfeld, Mitzy; Quaranta, Giuseppe; Rota, Ada</p> <p>2017-10-15</p> <p>Celioscopy is routinely used in birds for sex determination and diagnostic purposes. Aim of this work was to validate celioscopy for the assessment of <span class="hlt">male</span> gonads functionality in wild raptors, comparing the results of direct observation with morphometrical and histological characteristics. The work was done at the 'Centro Animali Non Convenzionali' of the University of Turin, Italy, on 31 endoscopically evaluated raptors that died or were euthanized. Through celioscopic observation, the birds were classified in <span class="hlt">adults</span> or immatures and maturity categories were defined according to the adrenal-gonad size ratio and to the degree of blood filling of testicular vessels. The gonads were removed immediately after death/euthanasia and measured. Albuginea tunic thickness, diameter of seminiferous tubules, number of meiosis figures, tubular development degree, tubular degeneration degree and germinal cells production degree were evaluated. Testicular size tended to increase from immature to <span class="hlt">adult</span> birds and from 'out of' to 'in' breeding season; albuginea tunic thickness tended to be higher out of the reproductive season while diameter of the seminiferous tubules, germinative epithelium thickness and number of meiosis figures were higher in the breeding season. In season <span class="hlt">adults</span> generally showed higher values in tubular development and germinal cells production, and lower degrees of tubular cells degeneration and fibrosis. From the interpretation of all the morphometrical and histological aspects, a general reproductive degree of activity was given to the birds and compared with celioscopic results. A perfect concordance was found in 23 out of 31 cases and a good concordance in six ones; histology could describe obviously better sub-clinical conditions undetectable at direct observation. These preliminary results suggest that celioscopy could be a useful tool to assess <span class="hlt">male</span> gonads functionality in wild raptors, with the future goal to select the better potential semen donors</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830493','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830493"><span>Differential motor and sensory functional recovery in <span class="hlt">male</span> but not female <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats is associated with remyelination rather than axon regeneration after sciatic nerve crush.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tong, Ling-Ling; Ding, You-Quan; Jing, Hong-Bo; Li, Xuan-Yang; Qi, Jian-Guo</p> <p>2015-05-06</p> <p>Peripheral nerve functional recovery after injuries relies on both axon regeneration and remyelination. Both axon regeneration and remyelination require intimate interactions between regenerating neurons and their accompanying Schwann cells. Previous studies have shown that motor and sensory neurons are intrinsically different in their regeneration potentials. Moreover, denervated Schwann cells accompanying myelinated motor and sensory axons have distinct gene expression profiles for regeneration-associated growth factors. However, it is unknown whether differential motor and sensory functional recovery exists. If so, the particular one among axon regeneration and remyelination responsible for this difference remains unclear. Here, we aimed to establish an <span class="hlt">adult</span> rat sciatic nerve crush model with the nonserrated microneedle holders and measured rat motor and sensory functions during regeneration. Furthermore, axon regeneration and remyelination was evaluated by morphometric analysis of electron microscopic images on the basis of nerve fiber classification. Our results showed that Aα fiber-mediated motor function was successfully recovered in both <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats. Aδ fiber-mediated sensory function was partially restored in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats, but completely recovered in female littermates. For both <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats, the numbers of regenerated motor and sensory axons were quite comparable. However, remyelination was diverse among myelinated motor and sensory nerve fibers. In detail, Aβ and Aδ fibers incompletely remyelinated in <span class="hlt">male</span>, but not female rats, whereas Aα fibers fully remyelinated in both sexes. Our result indicated that differential motor and sensory functional recovery in <span class="hlt">male</span> but not female <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats is associated with remyelination rather than axon regeneration after sciatic nerve crush.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4550464','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4550464"><span>Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Brown, Gillian R.; Kulbarsh, Kyle D.; Spencer, Karen A.; Duval, Camille</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Previous research has shown that exposure to testicular hormones during the peri-pubertal period of life has long-term, organizational effects on <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual behaviour and underlying neural mechanisms in laboratory rodents. However, the organizational effects of peri-pubertal testicular hormones on other aspects of behaviour and brain function are less well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of manipulating peri-pubertal testicular hormone exposure on later behavioural responses to novel environments and on hormone receptors in various brain regions that are involved in response to novelty. <span class="hlt">Male</span> rodents generally spend less time in the exposed areas of novel environments than females, and this sex difference emerges during the peri-pubertal period. <span class="hlt">Male</span> Lister-hooded rats (Rattus norvegicus) were castrated either before puberty or after puberty, then tested in three novel environments (elevated plus-maze, light–dark box, open field) and in an object/social novelty task in adulthood. Androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor (ER1) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R2) mRNA expression were quantified in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and medial amygdala. The results showed that pre-pubertally castrated <span class="hlt">males</span> spent more time in the exposed areas of the elevated-plus maze and light–dark box than post-pubertally castrated <span class="hlt">males</span>, and also confirmed that peri-pubertal hormone exposure influences later response to an opposite-sex conspecific. Hormone receptor gene expression levels did not differ between pre-pubertally and post-pubertally castrated <span class="hlt">males</span> in any of the brain regions examined. This study therefore demonstrates that testicular hormone exposure during the peri-pubertal period masculinizes later response to novel environments, although the neural mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. PMID:26159287</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4067792','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4067792"><span>Homophobia, perceived fathering, and <span class="hlt">male</span> intimate relationships.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Devlin, P K; Cowan, G A</p> <p>1985-10-01</p> <p>This study examined the relationships among homophobia, perceived fathering, and <span class="hlt">male</span> intimacy with significant <span class="hlt">male</span> and female best friends. A questionnaire, administered to 130 <span class="hlt">adult</span> heterosexual <span class="hlt">males</span>, included McDonald and Game's homophobia measure (ATHMS), eight intimacy scales, and four scales measuring subjects' recollections of their fathers' parenting styles. Correlations of ATHMS and individual intimacy scales revealed a significant relationship between homophobia and intimacy in <span class="hlt">male-male</span> relationships. Homophobia was related to <span class="hlt">male</span>-female intimacy on those measures which reflected subjects' perception of their female partner's sensitivity to them. Although homophobia was related to perception of the father as enforcing sex roles, none of the perceived fathering variables were directly related to intimacy with <span class="hlt">males</span>. The findings provide evidence for a direct relationship between <span class="hlt">male</span> homophobia and lack of intimacy in friendships between men.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29671013','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29671013"><span>Ontogeny of cocaine-induced behaviors and cocaine pharmacokinetics in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female neonatal, preweanling, and <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McDougall, Sanders A; Apodaca, Matthew G; Mohd-Yusof, Alena; Mendez, Adrian D; Katz, Caitlin G; Teran, Angie; Garcia-Carachure, Israel; Quiroz, Anthony T; Crawford, Cynthia A</p> <p>2018-04-18</p> <p>Ontogenetic differences in the behavioral responsiveness to cocaine have often been attributed to the maturation of dopaminergic elements (e.g., dopamine transporters, D2 High receptors, receptor coupling, etc.). The purpose of this study was to determine whether ontogenetic changes in cocaine pharmacokinetics might contribute to age-dependent differences in behavioral responsiveness. <span class="hlt">Male</span> and female neonatal (PD 5), preweanling (PD 10 and PD 20), and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (PD 70) rats were injected (IP) with cocaine or saline and various behaviors (e.g., locomotor activity, forelimb paddle, vertical activity, head-down sniffing, etc.) were measured for 90 min. In a separate experiment, the dorsal striata of young and <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats were removed at 10 time points (0-210 min) after IP cocaine administration. Peak cocaine values, cocaine half-life, and dopamine levels were determined using HPLC. When converted to percent of saline controls, PD 5 and PD 10 rats were generally more sensitive to cocaine than older rats, but this effect varied according to the behavior being assessed. Peak cocaine values did not differ according to age or sex, but cocaine half-life in brain was approximately 2 times longer in PD 5 and PD 10 rats than <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Cocaine pharmacokinetics did not differ between PD 20 and PD 70 rats. Differences in the cocaine-induced behavioral responsiveness of very young rats (PD 5 and PD 10) and <span class="hlt">adults</span> may be attributable, at least in part, to pharmacokinetic factors; whereas, age-dependent behavioral differences between the late preweanling period and adulthood cannot readily be ascribed to cocaine pharmacokinetics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V43F..08W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V43F..08W"><span>Submarine geology and geomorphology of active <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> volcanoes: Heard and McDonald Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Watson, S. J.; Coffin, M. F.; Whittaker, J. M.; Lucieer, V.; Fox, J. M.; Carey, R.; Arculus, R. J.; Bowie, A. R.; Chase, Z.; Robertson, R.; Martin, T.; Cooke, F.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Heard and McDonald Islands (HIMI) are World Heritage listed <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> active volcanic islands in the Southern Indian Ocean. Built atop the Kerguelen Plateau by Neogene-Quaternary volcanism, HIMI represent subaerial exposures of the second largest submarine Large Igneous Province globally. Onshore, processes influencing island evolution include glaciers, weathering, volcanism, vertical tectonics and mass-wasting (Duncan et al. 2016). Waters surrounding HIMI are largely uncharted, due to their remote location. Hence, the extent to which these same processes shape the submarine environment around HIMI has not been investigated. In early 2016, we conducted marine geophysical and geologic surveys around HIMI aboard RV Investigator (IN2016_V01). Results show that volcanic and sedimentary features prominently trend east-west, likely a result of erosion by the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current and tidal currents. However, spatial patterns of submarine volcanism and sediment distribution differ substantially between the islands. >70 sea knolls surround McDonald Island suggesting substantial submarine volcanism. Geophysical data reveals hard volcanic seafloor around McDonald Island, whereas Heard Island is characterised by sedimentary sequences tens of meters or more thick and iceberg scours - indicative of glacial processes. Differences in submarine geomorphology are likely due to the active glaciation of Heard Island and differing rock types (Heard: alkali basalt, McDonald: phonolite), and dominant products (clastics vs. lava). Variations may also reflect different magmatic plumbing systems beneath the two active volcanoes (Heard produces larger volumes of more focused lava, whilst McDonald extrudes smaller volumes of more evolved lavas from multiple vents across the edifice). Using geophysical data, corroborated with new and existing geologic data, we present the first geomorphic map revealing the processes that shape the submarine environment around HIMI.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2276946','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2276946"><span>EEG power and coherence while <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> watch emotional video films.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schellberg, D; Besthorn, C; Klos, T; Gasser, T</p> <p>1990-10-01</p> <p>Quantitative EEG analysis recorded at F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, P4 was performed for a group of healthy right-handed <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> (n = 9) viewing video films varying in their inductiveness on the affective valence dimension. Digital EOG-correction permitted the inclusion of trials with eye movements. Muscle artifacts were statistically treated by means of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The configuration of topographically motivated EEG parameters corresponded to the subjective valence rating of different video films. Low broad band coherences (COHs) ranked films along the subjective ratings within each hemisphere by the fronto-temporal COHs and interhemispherically by the T4-T3 COH, as did, restricted to the right hemisphere, similarity of beta 2 band power topography over time. High frequencies may be involved in the processing and low frequencies in the transmission of differential affective information, which to integrate seemed to utilize resources of both hemispheres. Alpha 2 and beta 1 COHs were sensitive to variations in an integrality/disassociation dimension with regard to the arrangement of verbal-visual affective cues. Power fluctuations at frontal leads pointed to difficulties in interpreting interhemispheric EEG asymmetries in emotion research, if information on time dynamics is discarded.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15193007','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15193007"><span>Assessing dental caries prevalence in African-American youth and <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Seibert, Wilda; Farmer-Dixon, Cherae; Bolden, Theodore E; Stewart, James H</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>It has been well documented that dental caries affect millions of children in the USA with the majority experiencing decay by the late teens. This is especially true for low-income minorities. The objective of this descriptive study was to determine dental caries prevalence in a sample of low-income African-American youth and <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A total of 1034 individuals were examined. They were divided into two age groups: youth, 9-19 years and <span class="hlt">adults</span>, 20-39 years. Females comprised approximately 65 percent (64.5) of the study group. The DMFT Index was used to determine caries prevalence in this study population. The DMFT findings showed that approximately 73 percent (72.9 percent) of the youth had either decayed, missing or filled teeth. <span class="hlt">Male</span> youth had slightly higher DMFT mean scores than female youth: <span class="hlt">male</span> mean = 7.93, standard error = 0.77, female mean = 7.52, standard error = 0.36; however, as females reached adulthood their DMFT scores increased substantially, mean = 15.18, standard error = 0.36. Caries prevalence was much lower in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>, DMFT, mean = 7.22, standard error of 0.33. The decayed component for female <span class="hlt">adults</span> mean score was 6.81, a slight increase over <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, mean = 6.58. Although there were few filled teeth in both age groups, female <span class="hlt">adults</span> had slightly more filled teeth than <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>, females mean = 2.91 vs. <span class="hlt">males</span>; however, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> experienced slightly more missing teeth, mean = 5.62 as compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> females, mean = 5.46. n = 2.20. Both female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> had an increase in missing teeth. As age increased there was a significant correlation among decayed, missing and filled teeth as tested by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), p < 0.01. A significant correlation was found between filled teeth by sex, p < .005. We conclude that caries prevalence was higher in female and <span class="hlt">male</span> youth, but dental caries increased more rapidly in females as they reached adulthood.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4864243','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4864243"><span>Developmental Environment Effects on Sexual Selection in <span class="hlt">Male</span> and Female Drosophila melanogaster</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Morimoto, Juliano; Pizzari, Tommaso; Wigby, Stuart</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The developmental environment can potentially alter the <span class="hlt">adult</span> social environment and influence traits targeted by sexual selection such as body size. In this study, we manipulated larval density in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female Drosophila melanogaster, which results in distinct <span class="hlt">adult</span> size phenotypes–high (low) densities for small (large) adults–and measured sexual selection in experimental groups consisting of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females from high, low, or a mixture of low and high larval densities. Overall, large <span class="hlt">adult</span> females (those reared at low larval density) had more matings, more mates and produced more offspring than small females (those reared at high larval density). The number of offspring produced by females was positively associated with their number of mates (i.e. there was a positive female Bateman gradient) in social groups where female size was experimentally varied, likely due to the covariance between female productivity and mating rate. For <span class="hlt">males</span>, we found evidence that the larval environment affected the relative importance of sexual selection via mate number (Bateman gradients), mate productivity, paternity share, and their covariances. Mate number and mate productivity were significantly reduced for small <span class="hlt">males</span> in social environments where <span class="hlt">males</span> were of mixed sizes, versus social environments where all <span class="hlt">males</span> were small, suggesting that social heterogeneity altered selection on this subset of <span class="hlt">males</span>. <span class="hlt">Males</span> are commonly assumed to benefit from mating with large females, but in contrast to expectations we found that in groups where both the <span class="hlt">male</span> and female size varied, <span class="hlt">males</span> did not gain more offspring per mating with large females. Collectively, our results indicate sex-specific effects of the developmental environment on the operation of sexual selection, via both the phenotype of individuals, and the phenotype of their competitors and mates. PMID:27167120</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4574310','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4574310"><span>The Huge Reduction in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Mortality in Belarus and Russia: Is It Attributable to Anti-Alcohol Measures?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background and Aim Harmful alcohol consumption has long been recognized as being the major determinant of <span class="hlt">male</span> premature mortality in the European countries of the former USSR. Our focus here is on Belarus and Russia, two Slavic countries which continue to suffer enormously from the burden of the harmful consumption of alcohol. However, after a long period of deterioration, mortality trends in these countries have been improving over the past decade. We aim to investigate to what extent the recent declines in <span class="hlt">adult</span> mortality in Belarus and Russia are attributable to the anti-alcohol measures introduced in these two countries in the 2000s. Data and Methods We rely on the detailed cause-specific mortality series for the period 1980–2013. Our analysis focuses on the <span class="hlt">male</span> population, and considers only a limited number of causes of death which we label as being alcohol-related: accidental poisoning by alcohol, liver cirrhosis, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, transportation accidents, and other external causes. For each of these causes we computed age-standardized death rates. The life table decomposition method was used to determine the age groups and the causes of death responsible for changes in life expectancy over time. Conclusion Our results do not lead us to conclude that the schedule of anti-alcohol measures corresponds to the schedule of mortality changes. The continuous reduction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mortality seen in Belarus and Russia cannot be fully explained by the anti-alcohol policies implemented in these countries, although these policies likely contributed to the large mortality reductions observed in Belarus and Russia in 2005–2006 and in Belarus in 2012. Thus, the effects of these policies appear to have been modest. We argue that the anti-alcohol measures implemented in Belarus and Russia simply coincided with fluctuations in alcohol-related mortality which originated in the past. If these trends had not been underway already, these huge mortality</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26376439','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26376439"><span>The Huge Reduction in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Mortality in Belarus and Russia: Is It Attributable to Anti-Alcohol Measures?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grigoriev, Pavel; Andreev, Evgeny M</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Harmful alcohol consumption has long been recognized as being the major determinant of <span class="hlt">male</span> premature mortality in the European countries of the former USSR. Our focus here is on Belarus and Russia, two Slavic countries which continue to suffer enormously from the burden of the harmful consumption of alcohol. However, after a long period of deterioration, mortality trends in these countries have been improving over the past decade. We aim to investigate to what extent the recent declines in <span class="hlt">adult</span> mortality in Belarus and Russia are attributable to the anti-alcohol measures introduced in these two countries in the 2000s. We rely on the detailed cause-specific mortality series for the period 1980-2013. Our analysis focuses on the <span class="hlt">male</span> population, and considers only a limited number of causes of death which we label as being alcohol-related: accidental poisoning by alcohol, liver cirrhosis, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, transportation accidents, and other external causes. For each of these causes we computed age-standardized death rates. The life table decomposition method was used to determine the age groups and the causes of death responsible for changes in life expectancy over time. Our results do not lead us to conclude that the schedule of anti-alcohol measures corresponds to the schedule of mortality changes. The continuous reduction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mortality seen in Belarus and Russia cannot be fully explained by the anti-alcohol policies implemented in these countries, although these policies likely contributed to the large mortality reductions observed in Belarus and Russia in 2005-2006 and in Belarus in 2012. Thus, the effects of these policies appear to have been modest. We argue that the anti-alcohol measures implemented in Belarus and Russia simply coincided with fluctuations in alcohol-related mortality which originated in the past. If these trends had not been underway already, these huge mortality effects would not have occurred.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=taller&pg=2&id=EJ615474','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=taller&pg=2&id=EJ615474"><span>Relative Heights of <span class="hlt">Males</span> and Females in Children's Drawings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Cox, Maureen V.; Wright, Rebekah</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Examined in two studies the height of <span class="hlt">male</span> and female figures in 5- and 7-year-olds' drawings. Found that <span class="hlt">adult</span> figures were drawn taller than child figures. For boys, mean <span class="hlt">male</span> and female heights were approximately the same. Girls drew females taller than <span class="hlt">males</span> because more girls used different structures such as incorporating a skirt or trousers…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16731786','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16731786"><span>Impairment of testicular function in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) after a single administration of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in diesel exhaust particles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, ChunMei; Takahashi, Shinji; Taneda, Shinji; Furuta, Chie; Watanabe, Gen; Suzuki, Akira K; Taya, Kazuyoshi</p> <p>2006-06-01</p> <p>The effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC), a component of diesel exhaust, on reproductive function were investigated in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Japanese quail. The quail were treated with a single i.m. dose of PNMC (78, 103 or 135 mg/kg body weight), and trunk blood and testes were collected 1, 2 or 4 weeks later. Various levels of testicular atrophy were observed in all groups treated with PNMC. Sperm formation, cloacal gland area, and plasma LH and testosterone concentrations were also reduced in birds with testicular atrophy. To determine the acute effect of PNMC on gonadotrophin from the pituitary, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> quail were administrated a single i.m. injection of PNMC (25 mg/kg), and plasma concentrations of LH were measured at 1, 3 and 6 h. This dose significantly lowered plasma levels of LH at all three time points. These results suggest that PNMC acts on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, by reducing circulating LH within a few hours of administration and subsequently reducing testosterone secretion. In addition, in order to investigate the direct effects of PNMC on the secretion of testosterone from testicular cells in quail testes, cultured interstitial cells containing Leydig cells were exposed to PNMC (10(-6), 10(-5) or 10(-4) M) for 4, 8 or 24 h. These quantities of PNMC significantly reduced the secretion of testosterone in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The present findings also suggest a direct effect of PNMC on the testis to reduce testosterone secretion. This study clearly indicates that PNMC induces reproductive toxicity at both the central and testicular levels, and disrupts testicular function in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> quail.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1337232-diverse-bacterial-groups-contribute-alkane-degradation-potential-chronically-polluted-subantarctic-coastal-sediments','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1337232-diverse-bacterial-groups-contribute-alkane-degradation-potential-chronically-polluted-subantarctic-coastal-sediments"><span>Diverse Bacterial Groups Contribute to the Alkane Degradation Potential of Chronically Polluted <span class="hlt">Subantarctic</span> Coastal Sediments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Guibert, Lilian M.; Loviso, Claudia L.; Borglin, Sharon</p> <p></p> <p>We aimed to gain insight into the alkane degradation potential of microbial communities from chronically polluted sediments of a <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> coastal environment using a combination of metagenomic approaches. A total of 6178 sequences annotated as alkane-1-monooxygenases (EC 1.14.15.3) were retrieved from a shotgun metagenomic dataset that included two sites analyzed in triplicate. The majority of the sequences binned with AlkB described in Bacteroidetes (32 ± 13 %) or Proteobacteria (29 ± 7 %), although a large proportion remained unclassified at the phylum level. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-based analyses showed small differences in AlkB distribution among samples that could be correlatedmore » with alkane concentrations, as well as with site-specific variations in pH and salinity. A number of low-abundance OTUs, mostly affiliated with Actinobacterial sequences, were found to be only present in the most contaminated samples. On the other hand, the molecular screening of a large-insert metagenomic library of intertidal sediments from one of the sampling sites identified two genomic fragments containing novel alkB gene sequences, as well as various contiguous genes related to lipid metabolism. Both genomic fragments were affiliated with the phylum Planctomycetes, and one could be further assigned to the genus Rhodopirellula due to the presence of a partial sequence of the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. This work highlights the diversity of bacterial groups contributing to the alkane degradation potential and reveals patterns of functional diversity in relation with environmental stressors in a chronically polluted, high-latitude coastal environment. In addition, alkane biodegradation genes are described for the first time in members of Planctomycetes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3221872','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3221872"><span>Development of Anticipatory 50 kHz USV Production to a Social Stimuli in Adolescent and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Sprague-Dawley Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Willey, Amanda R.; Spear, Linda P.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This study examined ontogenetic differences in anticipatory 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production to social interactions in <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague-Dawley rats. <span class="hlt">Adults</span> increased USVs across days when tested socially but not when left alone (Exp 1), and displayed anticipatory USVs to return to the cage-mate (Exp 2). Adolescents did not display evidence of anticipatory USVs. To the extent that anticipatory USVs index incentive salience, this suggests an adolescent attenuation of incentive salience of social interactions. PMID:22004980</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29564328','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29564328"><span>Maternal High-Fat and High-Salt Diets Have Differential Programming Effects on Metabolism in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rat Offspring.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Segovia, Stephanie A; Vickers, Mark H; Harrison, Claudia J; Patel, Rachna; Gray, Clint; Reynolds, Clare M</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Maternal high-fat or high-salt diets can independently program adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in offspring. However, there is a paucity of evidence examining their effects in combination on metabolic function in <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring. Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either: control (CD; 10% kcal from fat, 1% NaCl), high-salt (SD; 10% kcal from fat, 4% NaCl), high-fat (HF; 45% kcal from fat, 1% NaCl) or high-fat and salt (HFSD; 45% kcal from fat, 4% NaCl) diets 21 days prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. <span class="hlt">Male</span> offspring were weaned onto a standard chow diet and were culled on postnatal day 130 for plasma and tissue collection. Adipocyte histology and adipose tissue, liver, and gut gene expression were examined in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. HF offspring had significantly greater body weight, impaired insulin sensitivity and hyperleptinemia compared to CD offspring, but these increases were blunted in HFSD offspring. HF offspring had moderate adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of the pre-adipocyte marker Dlk1 . There was a significant effect of maternal salt with increased hepatic expression of Dgat1 and Igfb2 . Gut expression of inflammatory ( Il1r1, Tnfα, Il6 , and Il6r ) and renin-angiotensin system ( Agtr1a, Agtr1b ) markers was significantly reduced in HFSD offspring compared to HF offspring. Therefore, salt mitigates some adverse offspring outcomes associated with a maternal HF diet, which may be mediated by altered adipose tissue morphology and gut inflammatory and renin-angiotensin regulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26074655','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26074655"><span>Non-Parental <span class="hlt">Adults</span> in the Social and Risk Behavior Networks of Sexual Minority <span class="hlt">Male</span> Youth.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sterrett, Emma M; Birkett, Michelle; Kuhns, Lisa; Mustanski, Brian</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>The presence of non-parental <span class="hlt">adults</span> (NPAs), or <span class="hlt">adults</span> outside of caregivers (e.g., extended family, natural mentors), in the lives of adolescents and emerging <span class="hlt">adults</span> has received a rapidly expanding amount of empirical attention in the last decade. Sexual minority <span class="hlt">male</span> youth (SMMY) face disproportionate risks of abuse and victimization in relationships with parents and peers. Yet, despite the fact that this group, therefore, may be both potentially vulnerable to negative interpersonal influences but also poised to benefit from additional relationships, NPA involvement in the lives of SMMY is currently not well understood in the extant literature. This study sought to examine and characterize the involvement of NPAs in the social and risk networks of SMMY (n = 175; 54% African American, 21% Hispanic/Latino, 14% Caucasian; ages 17-23). Most SMMY identified at least one NPA, such as friends and grandparents, in their networks. Three categories of relationships were identified, Strictly Social, which only involved social interactions; Complex, which were both social and involved substance use and/or sexual activity; and Risky, which purely consisted of substance use or sexual activity. Relationships were rated as emotionally "closer" among ethnic minority SMMY, although, racial/ethnic similarity between SMMY and NPAs was not associated with relationship closeness. In addition, relationships involving female and heterosexual NPAs were also rated as stronger. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of considering multiple types of relationships between SMMY and NPAs when designing intervention and prevention efforts. Moreover, African American and Latino SMMY, who represent the most vulnerable sub-groups of SMMY in terms of HIV-risk, may be particularly poised to benefit from positive NPA relationships.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4461068','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4461068"><span>Non-Parental <span class="hlt">Adults</span> in the Social and Risk Behavior Networks of Sexual Minority <span class="hlt">Male</span> Youth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sterrett, Emma M.; Birkett, Michelle; Kuhns, Lisa; Mustanski, Brian</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The presence of non-parental <span class="hlt">adults</span> (NPAs), or <span class="hlt">adults</span> outside of caregivers (e.g., extended family, natural mentors), in the lives of adolescents and emerging <span class="hlt">adults</span> has received a rapidly expanding amount of empirical attention in the last decade. Sexual minority <span class="hlt">male</span> youth (SMMY) face disproportionate risks of abuse and victimization in relationships with parents and peers. Yet, despite the fact that this group, therefore, may be both potentially vulnerable to negative interpersonal influences but also poised to benefit from additional relationships, NPA involvement in the lives of SMMY is currently not well understood in the extant literature. This study sought to examine and characterize the involvement of NPAs in the social and risk networks of SMMY (n = 175; 54% African American, 21% Hispanic/Latino, 14% Caucasian; ages 17–23). Most SMMY identified at least one NPA, such as friends and grandparents, in their networks. Three categories of relationships were identified, Strictly Social, which only involved social interactions; Complex, which were both social and involved substance use and/or sexual activity; and Risky, which purely consisted of substance use or sexual activity. Relationships were rated as emotionally “closer” among ethnic minority SMMY, although, racial/ethnic similarity between SMMY and NPAs was not associated with relationship closeness. In addition, relationships involving female and heterosexual NPAs were also rated as stronger. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of considering multiple types of relationships between SMMY and NPAs when designing intervention and prevention efforts. Moreover, African American and Latino SMMY, who represent the most vulnerable sub-groups of SMMY in terms of HIV-risk, may be particularly poised to benefit from positive NPA relationships. PMID:26074655</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29891979','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29891979"><span>Identification of sources and bioaccumulation pathways of MeHg in <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> penguins: a stable isotopic investigation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Renedo, Marina; Amouroux, David; Pedrero, Zoyne; Bustamante, Paco; Cherel, Yves</p> <p>2018-06-11</p> <p>Seabirds are widely used as bioindicators of mercury (Hg) contamination in marine ecosystems and the investigation of their foraging strategies is of key importance to better understand methylmercury (MeHg) exposure pathways and environmental sources within the different ecosystems. Here we report stable isotopic composition for both Hg mass-dependent (e.g. δ 202 Hg) and mass-independent (e.g. Δ 199 Hg) fractionation (proxies of Hg sources and transformations), carbon (δ 13 C, proxy of foraging habitat) and nitrogen (δ 15 N, proxy of trophic position) in blood of four species of sympatric penguins breeding at the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> Crozet Islands (Southern Indian Ocean). Penguins have species-specific foraging strategies, from coastal to oceanic waters and from benthic to pelagic dives, and feed on different prey. A progressive increase to heavier Hg isotopic composition (δ 202 Hg and Δ 199 Hg, respectively) was observed from benthic (1.45 ± 0.12 and 1.41 ± 0.06‰) to epipelagic (1.93 ± 0.18 and 1.77 ± 0.13‰) penguins, indicating a benthic-pelagic gradient of MeHg sources close to Crozet Islands. The relative variations of MeHg concentration, δ 202 Hg and Δ 199 Hg with pelagic penguins feeding in Polar Front circumpolar waters (1.66 ± 0.11 and 1.54 ± 0.06‰) support that different MeHg sources occur at large scales in Southern Ocean deep waters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PalOc..17.1004B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PalOc..17.1004B"><span>Late Oligocene to early Miocene geochronology and paleoceanography from the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> South Atlantic</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Billups, K.; Channell, J. E. T.; Zachos, J.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 on the Agulhas Ridge (<span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> South Atlantic) benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records span the late Oligocene through the early Miocene (25-16 Ma) at a temporal resolution of ~10 kyr. In the same time interval a magnetic polarity stratigraphy can be unequivocally correlated to the geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS), thereby providing secure correlation of the isotope record to the GPTS. On the basis of the isotope-magnetostratigraphic correlation we provide refined age calibration of established oxygen isotope events Mi1 through Mi2 as well as several other distinctive isotope events. Our data suggest that the δ18O maximum commonly associated with the Oligocene/Miocene (O/M) boundary falls within C6Cn.2r (23.86 Ma). The δ13C maximum coincides, within the temporal resolution of our record, with C6Cn.2n/r boundary and hence to the O/M boundary. Comparison of the stable isotope record from ODP Site 1090 to the orbitally tuned stable isotope record from ODP Site 929 across the O/M boundary shows that variability in the two records is very similar and can be correlated at and below the O/M boundary. Site 1090 stable isotope records also provide the first deep Southern Ocean end-member for reconstructions of circulation patterns and late Oligocene to early Miocene climate change. Comparison to previously published records suggests that basin to basin carbon isotope gradients were small or nonexistent and are inconclusive with respect to the direction of deep water flow. Oxygen isotope gradients between sites suggest that the deep Southern Ocean was cold in comparison to the North Atlantic, Indian, and the Pacific Oceans. Dominance of cold Southern Component Deep Water at Site 1090, at least until 17 Ma, suggests that relatively cold circumpolar climatic conditions prevailed during the late Oligocene and early Miocene. We believe that a relatively cold Southern Ocean reflects unrestricted circumpolar flow through</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4494636','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4494636"><span>Prevalence and factor association of premature ejaculation among <span class="hlt">adult</span> Asian <span class="hlt">males</span> with lower urinary tract symptoms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Silangcruz, Jan Michael A.; Chua, Michael E.; Morales, Marcelino L.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Purpose To determine the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) among <span class="hlt">adult</span> Asian <span class="hlt">males</span> presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and characterize its association with other clinical factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary medical center to determine the prevalence of PE among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> participants with LUTS during the Annual National Prostate Health Awareness Day. Basic demographic data of the participants were collected. All participants were assessed for the presence and severity of LUTS using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and for the presence of PE using the PE diagnostic tool. Digital rectal examination was performed by urologists to obtain prostate size. LUTS was further categorized into severity, storage symptoms (frequency, urgency, and nocturia), and voiding symptoms (weak stream, intermittency, straining, and incomplete emptying) to determine their association with PE. Data were analyzed by comparing the participants with PE (PE diagnostic tool score ≥11) versus those without PE, using the independent t test for continuous data, Mann–Whitney U test for ordinal data, and Chi-square test for nominal data. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 101 <span class="hlt">male</span> participants with a mean ± standard deviation age of 60.75 ± 10.32 years were included. Among the participants, 33% had moderate LUTS, and 7% severe LUTS. The most common LUTS was nocturia (33%). The overall prevalence of PE was 27%. There was no significant difference among participants with PE versus those without PE in terms of age, marital status, prostate size, or total IPSS score. However, significant difference between groups was noted on the level of education (Mann–Whitney U, z = −1.993, P = 0.046) where high educational status was noted among participants with PE. Likewise, participants with PE were noted to have more prominent weak stream (Mann–Whitney U, z = −2.126, P = 0</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3757318','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3757318"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> reproductive strategy explains spatiotemporal segregation in brown bears</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Steyaert, Sam MJG; Kindberg, Jonas; Swenson, Jon E; Zedrosser, Andreas</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>1. Spatiotemporal segregation is often explained by the risk for offspring predation or by differences in physiology, predation risk vulnerability or competitive abilities related to size dimorphism. 2. Most large carnivores are size dimorphic and offspring predation is often intraspecific and related to nonparental infanticide (NPI). NPI can be a foraging strategy, a strategy to reduce competition, or a <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive strategy. Spatiotemporal segregation is widespread among large carnivores, but its nature remains poorly understood. 3. We evaluated three hypotheses to explain spatiotemporal segregation in the brown bear, a size-dimorphic large carnivore in which NPI is common; the ‘NPI – foraging/competition hypothesis', i.e. NPI as a foraging strategy or a strategy to reduce competition, the ‘NPI – sexual selection hypothesis’, i.e. infanticide as a <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive strategy and the ‘body size hypothesis’, i.e. body-size-related differences in physiology, predation risk vulnerability or competitive ability causes spatiotemporal segregation. To test these hypotheses, we quantified spatiotemporal segregation among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, lone <span class="hlt">adult</span> females and females with cubs-of-the-year, based on GPS-relocation data (2006–2010) and resource selection functions in a Scandinavian population. 4. We found that spatiotemporal segregation was strongest between females with cubs-of-the-year and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> during the mating season. During the mating season, females with cubs-of-the-year selected their resources, in contrast to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, in less rugged landscapes in relative close proximity to certain human-related variables, and in more open habitat types. After the mating season, females with cubs-of-the-year markedly shifted their resource selection towards a pattern more similar to that of their conspecifics. No strong spatiotemporal segregation was apparent between females with cubs-of-the-year and conspecifics during the mating and the postmating</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PMB....55..163K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PMB....55..163K"><span>FASH and MASH: female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> human phantoms based on polygon mesh surfaces: II. Dosimetric calculations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kramer, R.; Cassola, V. F.; Khoury, H. J.; Vieira, J. W.; de Melo Lima, V. J.; Robson Brown, K.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Female and <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> human phantoms, called FASH (Female <span class="hlt">Adult</span> meSH) and MASH (<span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adult</span> meSH), have been developed in the first part of this study using 3D animation software and anatomical atlases to replace the image-based FAX06 and the MAX06 voxel phantoms. 3D modelling methods allow for phantom development independent from medical images of patients, volunteers or cadavers. The second part of this study investigates the dosimetric implications for organ and tissue equivalent doses due to the anatomical differences between the new and the old phantoms. These differences are mainly caused by the supine position of human bodies during scanning in order to acquire digital images for voxel phantom development. Compared to an upright standing person, in image-based voxel phantoms organs are often coronally shifted towards the head and sometimes the sagittal diameter of the trunk is reduced by a gravitational change of the fat distribution. In addition, volumes of adipose and muscle tissue shielding internal organs are sometimes too small, because adaptation of organ volumes to ICRP-based organ masses often occurs at the expense of general soft tissues, such as adipose, muscle or unspecified soft tissue. These effects have dosimetric consequences, especially for partial body exposure, such as in x-ray diagnosis, but also for whole body external exposure and for internal exposure. Using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code, internal and external exposure to photons and electrons has been simulated with both pairs of phantoms. The results show differences between organ and tissue equivalent doses for the upright standing FASH/MASH and the image-based supine FAX06/MAX06 phantoms of up to 80% for external exposure and up to 100% for internal exposure. Similar differences were found for external exposure between FASH/MASH and REGINA/REX, the reference voxel phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Comparison of effective doses for external photon</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27734208','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27734208"><span>Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in <span class="hlt">male-infant-male</span> interactions in Barbary macaques.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kubenova, Barbora; Konecna, Martina; Majolo, Bonaventura; Smilauer, Petr; Ostner, Julia; Schülke, Oliver</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Social knowledge beyond one's direct relationships is a key in successfully manoeuvring the social world. Individuals gather information on the quality of social relationships between their group companions, which has been termed triadic awareness. Evidence of the use of triadic awareness in natural contexts is limited mainly to conflict management. Here we investigated triadic awareness in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the context of bridging interactions defined as <span class="hlt">male-infant-male</span> interactions whereby a <span class="hlt">male</span> (initiator, holder) presents an infant to another <span class="hlt">male</span> (receiver, non-holder) in order to initiate an affiliative interaction with that <span class="hlt">male</span>. Analyses based on 1263 h of focal observations on ten infants of one wild social group in Morocco supported the hypothesis that <span class="hlt">males</span> use their knowledge of the relationship between infants and other <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> when choosing a <span class="hlt">male</span> as a partner for bridging interactions. Specifically, (i) the number of bridging interactions among holder-infant-receiver triads was positively affected by the strength of the infant-receiver relationship and (ii) when two <span class="hlt">males</span> were available as bridging partners, a <span class="hlt">male</span> was more likely to be chosen as the receiver the stronger his social relationship with the infant relative to the other available <span class="hlt">male</span>. This demonstrates that non-human primates establish triadic awareness of temporary infant-<span class="hlt">male</span> relationships and use it in a naturally occurring affiliative context. Our results contribute to the discussion about the mechanism underlying the acquisition of triadic awareness and the benefits of its usage, and lend support to hypotheses linking social complexity to the evolution of complex cognition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28715814','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28715814"><span>The Impact of Adolescent Obesity on <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Height.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brener, Avivit; Bello, Rachel; Lebenthal, Yael; Yackobovitch-Gavan, Michal; Phillip, Moshe; Shalitin, Shlomit</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Childhood obesity is a major health concern. Excess adiposity during childhood affects growth and puberty. Our aim was to assess whether genetic <span class="hlt">adult</span> height is compromised in adolescents with obesity. In a retrospective study of 190 obese patients followed at our Pediatric Endocrinology Institute, <span class="hlt">adult</span> height and delta height (the difference between <span class="hlt">adult</span> height and mid-parental height) were compared to those of 150 healthy age-matched normal-weight controls. Review of medical files yielded the relevant clinical and anthropometric data of patients, controls, and parents. Of the 190 obese adolescents, 150 were morbidly obese. The median <span class="hlt">adult</span> height of morbidly obese <span class="hlt">males</span> was 174.3 cm, of obese <span class="hlt">males</span> 174 cm, and of normal-weight <span class="hlt">males</span> 176 cm (p = 0.025). Delta height of morbidly obese <span class="hlt">males</span> was -0.5 cm, of obese <span class="hlt">males</span> -0.8 cm, and of normal-weight <span class="hlt">males</span>, 3 cm (p < 0.0001). The median <span class="hlt">adult</span> height of morbidly obese females was 161.3 cm, of obese females 162.8 cm, and of normal-weight females 162 cm (p = 0.37). Delta height of morbidly obese females was -1.85 cm, of obese females -0.95 cm, and of normal-weight females 0.7 cm (p = 0.019). Impairment of potential genetic height was not associated with obesity-related comorbidities. Adolescents with obesity showed impairment of potential genetic <span class="hlt">adult</span> height as compared to that of normal-weight subjects. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sexual+AND+dysfunction&pg=2&id=EJ529382','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sexual+AND+dysfunction&pg=2&id=EJ529382"><span>Sexual Dysfunction in <span class="hlt">Males</span>: Significance of Adverse Childhood Experiences.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kinzl, Johann F.; And Others</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>A survey of 301 <span class="hlt">male</span> college students found that occasional sexual dysfunction was frequent in young <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>, and long-lasting adverse familial relationships to attachment figures were more influential in later sexual dysfunction than were childhood sexual abuse experiences. (Author/DB)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27138337','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27138337"><span>Sex and age differences in hibernation patterns of common hamsters: <span class="hlt">adult</span> females hibernate for shorter periods than <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Siutz, Carina; Franceschini, Claudia; Millesi, Eva</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>In this study, we investigated the timing and duration of hibernation as well as body temperature patterns in free-ranging common hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) with regard to sex and age differences. Body temperature was recorded using subcutaneously implanted data loggers. The results demonstrate that although immergence and vernal emergence sequences of sex and age groups resembled those of most hibernators, particularly <span class="hlt">adult</span> females delayed hibernation onset until up to early January. Thus, in contrast to other hibernators, female common hamsters hibernated for shorter periods than <span class="hlt">males</span> and correspondingly spent less time in torpor. These sex differences were absent in juvenile hamsters. The period between the termination of hibernation and vernal emergence varied among individuals but did not differ between the sex and age groups. This period of preemergence euthermy was related to emergence body mass: individuals that terminated hibernation earlier in spring and had longer euthermic phases prior to emergence started the active season in a better condition. In addition, <span class="hlt">males</span> with longer periods of preemergence euthermy had larger testes at emergence. In conclusion, females have to rely on sufficient food stores but may adjust the use of torpor in relation to the available external energy reserves, whereas <span class="hlt">males</span> show a more pronounced energy-saving strategy by hibernating for longer periods. Nonetheless, food caches seem to be important for both <span class="hlt">males</span> and females as indicated by the euthermic preemergence phase and the fact that some individuals, mainly yearlings, emerged with a higher body mass than shortly before immergence in autumn.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2753463','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2753463"><span>The Recreational Drug Ecstasy Disrupts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Reproductive Axis in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dickerson, Sarah M.; Walker, Deena M.; Reveron, Maria E.; Duvauchelle, Christine L.; Gore, Andrea C.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Reproductive function involves an interaction of three regulatory levels: hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonad. The primary drive upon this system comes from hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurosecretory cells, which receive afferent inputs from other neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system to result in the proper coordination of reproduction and the environment. Here, we hypothesized that the recreational drug ±-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; “ecstasy”), which acts through several of the neurotransmitter systems that affect GnRH neurons, suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) reproductive axis of <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered saline or MDMA or saline either once (acute) or for 20 days (chronic), and were euthanized 7 days following last administration. We quantified hypothalamic GnRH mRNA, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations, and serum testosterone levels, as indices of hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal functions, respectively. The results indicate that the hypothalamic and gonadal levels of the HPG axis are significantly altered by MDMA, with GnRH mRNA and serum testosterone levels suppressed in rats administered MDMA compared to saline. Furthermore, our finding that hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels are suppressed in the context of low testosterone concentrations suggests that the central GnRH neurosecretory system may be a primary target of inhibitory regulation by MDMA usage. PMID:18309234</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2375822','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2375822"><span>Reproduction in <span class="hlt">male</span> swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor): puberty and the effects of season</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Paplinska, Justyna Zofia; Moyle, Richard L C; Wreford, Nigel G; Temple-Smith, Peter D M; Renfree, Marilyn B</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>This study describes pubertal changes in testes and epididymides and seasonal changes in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive organs and plasma androgen concentrations of the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor). Pre-pubescent <span class="hlt">males</span> had testes with solid seminiferous cords and spermatogenesis only to the stage of gonocytes. Their epididymides had empty lumina along their entire length. The testes of three <span class="hlt">males</span> undergoing puberty had some lumen formation and mitotic activity. Their epididymides were similar in appearance to those of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> but were entirely devoid of any cells within the lumen of the duct. Three other pubescent <span class="hlt">males</span> showed full lumen formation in the testes and spermatogenesis up to the elongating spermatid stage. Their epididymides were similar in appearance to those of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> but with no spermatozoa in the duct. However, cells of testicular origin were found in the lumen of the duct in all regions suggesting that testicular fluids and immature germ cells shed into the rete testes flow through the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis before the release of mature testicular spermatozoa. The weights of testes and epididymides of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> showed no change throughout the year but prostate weight and plasma androgen concentrations varied significantly with season, with maximums in spring and summer and minimums in winter. The volume fraction of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules was significantly lower in winter than in summer; but, despite this, maturing spermatozoa were found in the testes throughout the year. Females in the area conceived year-round, suggesting that seasonal changes in the <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive tract did not prevent at least some <span class="hlt">males</span> from breeding throughout the year. PMID:17764525</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=face+AND+recognition&pg=3&id=EJ1013006','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=face+AND+recognition&pg=3&id=EJ1013006"><span>Sex Differences in Facial Scanning: Similarities and Dissimilarities between Infants and <span class="hlt">Adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rennels, Jennifer L.; Cummings, Andrew J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>When face processing studies find sex differences, <span class="hlt">male</span> infants appear better at face recognition than female infants, whereas female <span class="hlt">adults</span> appear better at face recognition than <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Both female infants and <span class="hlt">adults</span>, however, discriminate emotional expressions better than <span class="hlt">males</span>. To investigate if sex and age differences in facial scanning…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22216021-maternal-utero-exposure-endocrine-disruptor-di-ethylhexyl-phthalate-affects-blood-pressure-adult-male-offspring','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22216021-maternal-utero-exposure-endocrine-disruptor-di-ethylhexyl-phthalate-affects-blood-pressure-adult-male-offspring"><span>Maternal in utero exposure to the endocrine disruptor di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate affects the blood pressure of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Martinez–Arguelles, D.B.; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4; McIntosh, M.</p> <p></p> <p>Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used industrially to add flexibility to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers and is ubiquitously found in the environment, with evidence of prenatal, perinatal and early infant exposure in humans. In utero exposure to DEHP decreases circulating testosterone levels in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> rat. In addition, DEHP reduces the expression of the angiotensin II receptors in the adrenal gland, resulting in decreased circulating aldosterone levels. The latter may have important effects on water and electrolyte balance as well as systemic arterial blood pressure. Therefore, we determined the effects of in utero exposure to DEHP on systemic arterial blood pressuremore » in the young (2 month-old) and older (6.5 month-old) <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats. Sprague-Dawley pregnant dams were exposed from gestational day 14 until birth to 300 mg DEHP/kg/day. Blood pressure, heart rate, and activity data were collected using an intra-aortal transmitter in the <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring at postnatal day (PND) 60 and PND200. A low (0.01%) and high-salt (8%) diet was used to challenge the animals at PND200. In utero exposure to DEHP resulted in reduced activity at PND60. At PND200, systolic and diastolic systemic arterial pressures as well as activity were reduced in response to DEHP exposure. This is the first evidence showing that in utero exposure to DEHP has cardiovascular and behavioral effects in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. Highlights: ► In utero exposure to 300 mg DEHP/kg/day decreases activity at postnatal day 60. ► In utero exposure to DEHP decreases aldosterone levels at postnatal day 200. ► In utero exposure to DEHP decreases systolic blood pressure at postnatal day 200. ► An 8% salt diet recovers the decreased blood pressure at postnatal day 200.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8336345','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8336345"><span>Gender-disturbed <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Levine, S B</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> cross-dressing or "transvestism" is the most common antecedent behavioral pattern among those who request sex reassignment surgery. Transvestites are actually a diverse group of men who differ in their gender identities, orientation, and intention. They do, however, have in common a soothing image of themselves as women. Because of this, whether cross-dressing occurs among masculine or feminine <span class="hlt">males</span> or heterosexuals, homosexuals, bisexuals, or asexuals, or among those with paraphilia, the behavior should be considered the expression of their consciously felt femininity. The confusing differences among cross-dressing <span class="hlt">males</span> may be explained by their diversity along three dimensions: 1) the ambition for heterosexual intercourse; 2) the natural history of their sexual arousal to female clothing; 3) their current capacity to integrate their masculine and feminine strivings into separate compartments. When cross-dressers give up all vestiges of <span class="hlt">male</span> gender role behaviors and successfully live and work full time as women, the appropriate descriptive term for them becomes "transsexual."</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23340133','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23340133"><span>Giant right coronary artery aneurysm in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patient with non-ST myocardial infarction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Halapas, Antonios; Lausberg, Henning; Gehrig, Thomas; Friedrich, Ivar; Hauptmann, Karl E</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The combination of a giant coronary aneurysm with multiple coronary aneurysms in <span class="hlt">adults</span> is an extremely rare entity--especially in atherosclerotic patients, since it is most commonly associated with Kawasaki disease in children. We report an interesting case of a 59-year-old <span class="hlt">male</span> patient with multiple atherosclerotic aneurysms of the left coronary system and a giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of a non-ST myocardial infarction. Diagnosis was established by echocardiography, computed tomography angiogram, and coronary angiography. In view of the clinical symptoms and the extent of the giant right coronary aneurysm, with the associated risk of rupture, the patient was successfully treated with urgent surgical intervention. We also present a review of the current literature on this anomaly and a statistical analysis of all atherosclerotic giant coronary artery aneurysms previously reported.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23951200','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23951200"><span>The impact of <span class="hlt">adult</span> vitamin D deficiency on behaviour and brain function in <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague-Dawley rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Byrne, Jacqueline H; Voogt, Meggie; Turner, Karly M; Eyles, Darryl W; McGrath, John J; Burne, Thomas H J</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Vitamin D deficiency is common in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> population, and this has been linked to depression and cognitive outcomes in clinical populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of <span class="hlt">adult</span> vitamin D (AVD) deficiency on behavioural tasks of relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders in <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-week old <span class="hlt">male</span> Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control or vitamin D deficient diet for 6 weeks prior to, and during behavioural testing. We first examined a range of behavioural domains including locomotion, exploration, anxiety, social behaviour, learned helplessness, sensorimotor gating, and nociception. We then assessed locomotor response to the psychomimetic drugs, amphetamine and MK-801. Attention and vigilance were assessed using the 5 choice serial reaction time task (5C-SRT) and the 5 choice continuous performance task (5C-CPT) and, in a separate cohort, working memory was assessed using the delay match to sample (DMTS) task. We also examined excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex and striatum. AVD-deficient rats were deficient in vitamin D3 (<10 nM) and had normal calcium and phosphate levels after 8-10 weeks on the diet. Overall, AVD deficiency was not associated with an altered phenotype across the range of behavioural domains tested. On the 5C-SRT AVD-deficient rats made more premature responses and more head entries during longer inter-trial intervals (ITI) than control rats. On the 5C-CPT AVD-deficient rats took longer to make false alarm (FA) responses than control rats. AVD-deficient rats had increases in baseline GABA levels and the ratio of DOPAC/HVA within the striatum. AVD-deficient rats exhibited no major impairments in any of the behavioural domains tested. Impairments in premature responses in AVD-deficient rats may indicate that these animals have specific alterations in striatal systems governing compulsive or reward-seeking behaviour.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3474800','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3474800"><span>Cognition in <span class="hlt">Males</span> and Females with Autism: Similarities and Differences</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lai, Meng-Chuan; Lombardo, Michael V.; Ruigrok, Amber N. V.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Wheelwright, Sally J.; Auyeung, Bonnie; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">male</span> bias in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has led to females with ASC being under-researched. This lack of attention to females could hide variability due to sex that may explain some of the heterogeneity within ASC. In this study we investigate four key cognitive domains (mentalizing and emotion perception, executive function, perceptual attention to detail, and motor function) in ASC, to test for similarities and differences between <span class="hlt">males</span> and females with and without ASC (n = 128 <span class="hlt">adults</span>; n = 32 per group). In the mentalizing and facial emotion perception domain, <span class="hlt">males</span> and females with ASC showed similar deficits compared to neurotypical controls. However, in attention to detail and dexterity involving executive function, although <span class="hlt">males</span> with ASC showed poorer performance relative to neurotypical <span class="hlt">males</span>, females with ASC performed comparably to neurotypical females. We conclude that performance in the social-cognitive domain is equally impaired in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female <span class="hlt">adults</span> with ASC. However, in specific non-social cognitive domains, performance within ASC depends on sex. This suggests that in specific domains, cognitive profiles in ASC are modulated by sex. PMID:23094036</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5886969','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5886969"><span>Relationship between heavy drinking, binge drinking, and metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity and alcohol drinking are associated with metabolic syndrome. However, few studies show the relationship between alcohol drinking and metabolic syndrome according to varying degrees of obesity. This study aimed to determine the association between alcohol drinking and metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. SUBJECTS/METHODS This cross-sectional study included 5,867 <span class="hlt">males</span> aged ≥ 20 years who were examined at the Soonchunhyang University health promotion center during June 2008–December 2010. The subjects were divided into non-obese (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) groups and further divided according to weekly alcohol consumption into nondrinking (0 drinks/week), moderate drinking (≤ 14 drinks/week), and heavy drinking (> 14 drinks/week) groups. The subjects were also categorized into binge drinking and non-binge drinking groups. To obtain odds ratios (ORs) for metabolic syndrome, binary logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS The overall metabolic syndrome prevalence was 27.3% (12.8%, non-obese group; 50.4%, obese group). After adjusting for age, physical activity, and smoking, in the non-obese group, the OR for heavy drinking with binge drinking (reference: nondrinking) was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–2.18), with a significant increase in metabolic syndrome prevalence. In the obese group, the OR for heavy drinking with binge drinking was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.07–1.88), showing a significant increase in metabolic syndrome prevalence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In both non-obese and obese Korean <span class="hlt">males</span>, heavy drinking with binge drinking was associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Thus, both non-obese and obese <span class="hlt">males</span> should restrict their alcohol intake and not indulge in binge drinking. PMID:29629034</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29629034','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29629034"><span>Relationship between heavy drinking, binge drinking, and metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oh, Jung Eun</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Obesity and alcohol drinking are associated with metabolic syndrome. However, few studies show the relationship between alcohol drinking and metabolic syndrome according to varying degrees of obesity. This study aimed to determine the association between alcohol drinking and metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. This cross-sectional study included 5,867 <span class="hlt">males</span> aged ≥ 20 years who were examined at the Soonchunhyang University health promotion center during June 2008-December 2010. The subjects were divided into non-obese (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m 2 ) and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) groups and further divided according to weekly alcohol consumption into nondrinking (0 drinks/week), moderate drinking (≤ 14 drinks/week), and heavy drinking (> 14 drinks/week) groups. The subjects were also categorized into binge drinking and non-binge drinking groups. To obtain odds ratios (ORs) for metabolic syndrome, binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The overall metabolic syndrome prevalence was 27.3% (12.8%, non-obese group; 50.4%, obese group). After adjusting for age, physical activity, and smoking, in the non-obese group, the OR for heavy drinking with binge drinking (reference: nondrinking) was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-2.18), with a significant increase in metabolic syndrome prevalence. In the obese group, the OR for heavy drinking with binge drinking was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.07-1.88), showing a significant increase in metabolic syndrome prevalence ( P < 0.05). In both non-obese and obese Korean <span class="hlt">males</span>, heavy drinking with binge drinking was associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Thus, both non-obese and obese <span class="hlt">males</span> should restrict their alcohol intake and not indulge in binge drinking.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18472142','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18472142"><span>Canine tooth size and fitness in <span class="hlt">male</span> mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leigh, Steven R; Setchell, Joanna M; Charpentier, Marie; Knapp, Leslie A; Wickings, E Jean</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>Sexual selection theory explains the evolution of exaggerated <span class="hlt">male</span> morphologies and weaponry, but the fitness consequences of developmental and age-related changes in these features remain poorly understood. This long-term study of mandrill monkeys (Mandrillus sphinx) demonstrates how age-related changes in canine tooth weaponry and <span class="hlt">adult</span> canine size correlate closely with <span class="hlt">male</span> lifetime reproductive success. Combining long-term demographic and morphometric data reveals that <span class="hlt">male</span> fitness covaries simply and directly with canine ontogeny, <span class="hlt">adult</span> maximum size, and wear. However, fitness is largely independent of other somatometrics. <span class="hlt">Male</span> mandrills sire offspring almost exclusively when their canines exceed approximately 30 mm, or two-thirds of average <span class="hlt">adult</span> value (45 mm). Moreover, sires have larger canines than nonsires. The tooth diminishes through wear as animals age, corresponding with, and perhaps influencing, reproductive senescence. These factors combine to constrain <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive opportunities to a brief timespan, defined by the period of maximum canine length. Sexually-selected weaponry, especially when it is nonrenewable like the primate canine tooth, is intimately tied to the <span class="hlt">male</span> life course. Our analyses of this extremely dimorphic species indicate that sexual selection is closely intertwined with growth, development, and aging, pointing to new directions for sexual selection theory. Moreover, the primate canine tooth has potential as a simple mammalian system for testing genetically-based models of aging. Finally, the tooth may record details of life histories in fossil primates, especially when sexual selection has played a role in the evolution of dimorphism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PrOce.129...50T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PrOce.129...50T"><span>Silicic acid enrichment of <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> surface water from continental inputs along the Patagonian archipelago interior sea (41-56°S)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Torres, Rodrigo; Silva, Nelson; Reid, Brian; Frangopulos, Máximo</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>We estimated Si∗, the surplus or deficit of orthosilicic acid (DSi) relative to nitrate available for diatom growth, in the Chilean Patagonian Archipelago Interior Sea (PAIS). Si∗ and salinity were negatively correlated in the PAIS because of the mixing of high nitrate, low DSi <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> surface water and high DSi, low nitrate continental freshwater runoff. Both the slope and the intercept of this relationship decreased from northern to southern Patagonia, which was likely a consequence of reduced DSi inputs from several overlapping hydrological, biological and geological drivers along this gradient. In general, lower freshwater DSi concentrations were expected below 46°S, and a lower total DSi load was expected from reduced runoff below 51°S. The north-south decreasing DSi concentration trend may be linked to dilutions from a higher proportion of runoff in latitudes with higher precipitation rates (45-53°S), the transition to more resistant granitic rocks and glacial melt-water from the Northern and Southern Patagonia Ice Fields (46-51°S) and a reduced density of volcanoes active during the Holocene (48-56°S). The intensification of a southward DSi deficit may be a forcing factor involved in the reported southward reductions in plankton biomass and a more frequent occurrence of non-diatom blooms in southern PAIS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3726542','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3726542"><span>Free-Ranging <span class="hlt">Male</span> Koalas Use Size-Related Variation in Formant Frequencies to Assess Rival <span class="hlt">Males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Charlton, Benjamin D.; Whisson, Desley A.; Reby, David</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Although the use of formant frequencies in nonhuman animal vocal communication systems has received considerable recent interest, only a few studies have examined the importance of these acoustic cues to body size during intra-sexual competition between <span class="hlt">males</span>. Here we used playback experiments to present free-ranging <span class="hlt">male</span> koalas with re-synthesised bellow vocalisations in which the formants were shifted to simulate either a large or a small <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>. We found that <span class="hlt">male</span> looking responses did not differ according to the size variant condition played back. In contrast, <span class="hlt">male</span> koalas produced longer bellows and spent more time bellowing when they were presented with playbacks simulating larger rivals. In addition, <span class="hlt">males</span> were significantly slower to respond to this class of playback stimuli than they were to bellows simulating small <span class="hlt">males</span>. Our results indicate that <span class="hlt">male</span> koalas invest more effort into their vocal responses when they are presented with bellows that have lower formants indicative of larger rivals, but also show that <span class="hlt">males</span> are slower to engage in vocal exchanges with larger <span class="hlt">males</span> that represent more dangerous rivals. By demonstrating that <span class="hlt">male</span> koalas use formants to assess rivals during the breeding season we have provided evidence that <span class="hlt">male-male</span> competition constitutes an important selection pressure for broadcasting and attending to size-related formant information in this species. Further empirical studies should investigate the extent to which the use of formants during intra-sexual competition is widespread throughout mammals. PMID:23922967</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17443978','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17443978"><span>Harvesting of <span class="hlt">males</span> delays female breeding in a socially monogamous mammal; the beaver.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Parker, Howard; Rosell, Frank; Mysterud, Atle</p> <p>2007-02-22</p> <p>Human exploitation may skew <span class="hlt">adult</span> sex ratios in vertebrate populations to the extent that <span class="hlt">males</span> become limiting for normal reproduction. In polygynous ungulates, females delay breeding in heavily harvested populations, but effects are often fairly small. We would expect a stronger effect of <span class="hlt">male</span> harvesting in species with a monogamous mating system, but no such study has been performed. We analysed the effect of harvesting <span class="hlt">males</span> on the timing of reproduction in the obligate monogamous beaver (Castor fiber). We found a negative impact of harvesting of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> on the timing of parturition in female beavers. The proportion of normal breeders sank from over 80%, when no <span class="hlt">males</span> had been shot in the territories of pregnant females, to under 20%, when three <span class="hlt">males</span> had been shot. Harvesting of <span class="hlt">males</span> in monogamous mammals can apparently affect their normal reproductive cycle.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1083425.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1083425.pdf"><span>Sexualities on the Move: A Comparison of the Work Experiences of Gay <span class="hlt">Male</span> Educators Teaching Overseas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mizzi, Robert C.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This paper expands on the extant research on gay <span class="hlt">male</span> educators by comparing two research projects on such educators who taught in international settings. One study focused on five gay, <span class="hlt">male</span>, <span class="hlt">adult</span> educators who relocated to Canada from countries in the Global South and the second study focused on eight gay, <span class="hlt">male</span>, <span class="hlt">adult</span> educators who relocated to…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28561037','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28561037"><span>Milk-cereal and whole-grain dietary patterns protect against low bone mineral density among <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shin, S; Kim, S-H; Joung, H; Park, M J</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Evidence supporting the possible effect of dietary factors on <span class="hlt">adult</span> bone health has emerged in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the influence of different dietary patterns on bone mineral density (BMD) among Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> youth. Data were extracted from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) during 2008-2011. The subjects included 1351 <span class="hlt">male</span> aged 10-25 years. We defined 'low BMD group' as subjects with a BMD Z-score of -2.0 or less. Dietary patterns were derived from 20 food groups via factor analysis. Three dietary patterns-meat and vegetable, white rice and kimchi, milk-cereal and whole grain-were derived. The 'milk-cereal and whole-grain' dietary pattern score showed positive association with energy, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes. Participants in the top tertile of the milk-cereal and whole-grain pattern were less likely to have low BMD, compared with subjects in the bottom tertile (odds ratio=0.36, 95% confidence interval=0.16-0.81, P=0.018). Our findings suggest that the milk-cereal and whole-grain dietary pattern may have a benign influence on bone health in the Korean <span class="hlt">male</span> youth.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27433469','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27433469"><span>Young-<span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rats' Vulnerability to Chronic Mild Stress Is Reflected by Anxious-Like instead of Depressive-Like Behaviors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>José Jaime, Herrera-Pérez; Venus, Benítez-Coronel; Graciela, Jiménez-Rubio; Tania, Hernández-Hernández Olivia; Lucía, Martínez-Mota</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In a previous study, we found that chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm did not induce anhedonia in young-<span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats but it reduced their body weight gain. These contrasting results encouraged us to explore other indicators of animal's vulnerability to stress such as anxious-like behaviors, since stress is an etiologic factor also for anxiety. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the vulnerability of these animals to CMS using behavioral tests of depression or anxiety and measuring serum corticosterone. <span class="hlt">Male</span> Wistar rats were exposed to four weeks of CMS; the animals' body weight and sucrose preference (indicator of anhedonia) were assessed after three weeks, and, after the fourth week, some animals were evaluated in a behavioral battery (elevated plus maze, defensive burying behavior, and forced swimming tests); meanwhile, others were used to measure serum corticosterone. We found that CMS (1) did not affect sucrose preference, immobility behavior in the forced swimming test, or serum corticosterone; (2) decreased body weight gain; and (3) increased the rat's entries into closed arms of the plus maze and the cumulative burying behavior. These data indicate that young <span class="hlt">male</span> rats' vulnerability to CMS is reflected as poor body weight gain and anxious-like instead of depressive-like behaviors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4940564','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4940564"><span>Young-<span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rats' Vulnerability to Chronic Mild Stress Is Reflected by Anxious-Like instead of Depressive-Like Behaviors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>José Jaime, Herrera-Pérez; Venus, Benítez-Coronel; Graciela, Jiménez-Rubio; Tania, Hernández-Hernández Olivia</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In a previous study, we found that chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm did not induce anhedonia in young-<span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats but it reduced their body weight gain. These contrasting results encouraged us to explore other indicators of animal's vulnerability to stress such as anxious-like behaviors, since stress is an etiologic factor also for anxiety. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the vulnerability of these animals to CMS using behavioral tests of depression or anxiety and measuring serum corticosterone. <span class="hlt">Male</span> Wistar rats were exposed to four weeks of CMS; the animals' body weight and sucrose preference (indicator of anhedonia) were assessed after three weeks, and, after the fourth week, some animals were evaluated in a behavioral battery (elevated plus maze, defensive burying behavior, and forced swimming tests); meanwhile, others were used to measure serum corticosterone. We found that CMS (1) did not affect sucrose preference, immobility behavior in the forced swimming test, or serum corticosterone; (2) decreased body weight gain; and (3) increased the rat's entries into closed arms of the plus maze and the cumulative burying behavior. These data indicate that young <span class="hlt">male</span> rats' vulnerability to CMS is reflected as poor body weight gain and anxious-like instead of depressive-like behaviors. PMID:27433469</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/494167-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy-frequent-cause-idiopathic-addison-disease-young-adult-male-patients','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/494167-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy-frequent-cause-idiopathic-addison-disease-young-adult-male-patients"><span>X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a frequent cause of idiopathic Addison`s disease in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> patients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Laureti, S.; Casucci, G.; Santeusanio, F.</p> <p>1996-02-01</p> <p>X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a genetic disease associated with demyelination of the central nervous system, adrenal insufficiency, and accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in tissue and body fluids. ALD is due to mutation of a gene located in Xq28 that encodes a peroxisomal transporter protein of unknown function. The most common phenotype of ALD is the cerebral form (45%) that develops in boys between 5-12 yr. Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) involves the spinal cord and peripheral nerves in young <span class="hlt">adults</span> (35%). Adrenal insufficiency (Addison`s disease) is frequently associated with AMN or cerebral ALD and may remain the only clinical expressionmore » of ALD (8% of cases). The prevalence of ALD among <span class="hlt">adults</span> with Addison`s disease remains unknown. To evaluate this prevalence, we performed biochemical analysis of very long chain fatty acids in 14 <span class="hlt">male</span> patients (age ranging from 12-45 yr at diagnosis) previously diagnosed as having primary idiopathic adrenocortical insufficiency. In 5 of 14 patients (35%), elevated plasma concentrations of very long chain fatty acids were detected. None of these patients had adrenocortical antibodies. By electrophysiological tests and magnetic resonance imaging it was determined that two patients had cerebral ALD, one had adrenomyeloneuropathy with cerebral involvement, and two had preclinical AMN. Our data support the hypothesis that ALD is a frequent cause of idiopathic Addison`s disease in children and <span class="hlt">adults</span>. 30 refs., 5 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16958078','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16958078"><span>Life history in <span class="hlt">male</span> mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): physical development, dominance rank, and group association.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Setchell, Joanna M; Wickings, E Jean; Knapp, Leslie A</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>We assess life history from birth to death in <span class="hlt">male</span> mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) living in a semifree-ranging colony in Gabon, using data collected for 82 <span class="hlt">males</span> that attained at least the age of puberty, including 33 that reached adulthood and 25 that died, yielding data for their entire lifespan. We describe patterns of mortality and injuries, dominance rank, group association, growth and stature, and secondary sexual character expression across the <span class="hlt">male</span> lifespan. We examine relationships among these variables and investigate potential influences on <span class="hlt">male</span> life history, including differences in the social environment (maternal rank and group demography) and early development, with the aim of identifying characteristics of successful <span class="hlt">males</span>. Sons of higher-ranking females were more likely to survive to adulthood than sons of low-ranking females. Adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> varied consistently in the rate at which they developed, and this variation was related to a <span class="hlt">male</span>'s own dominance rank. <span class="hlt">Males</span> with fewer peers and sons of higher-ranking and heavier mothers also matured faster. However, maternal variables were not significantly related to dominance rank during adolescence, the age at which <span class="hlt">males</span> attained <span class="hlt">adult</span> dominance rank, or whether a <span class="hlt">male</span> became alpha <span class="hlt">male</span>. Among <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, behavior and morphological development were related to a <span class="hlt">male</span>'s own dominance rank, and sons of high-ranking females were larger than sons of low-ranking females. Alpha <span class="hlt">males</span> were always the most social, and the most brightly colored <span class="hlt">males</span>, but were not necessarily the largest <span class="hlt">males</span> present. Finally, alpha <span class="hlt">male</span> tenure was related to group demography, with larger numbers of rival <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and maturing adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> reducing the time a <span class="hlt">male</span> spent as alpha <span class="hlt">male</span>. Tenure did not appear to be related to characteristics of the alpha <span class="hlt">male</span> himself. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22864979','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22864979"><span>Reversal of prenatal morphine exposure-induced memory deficit in <span class="hlt">male</span> but not female rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nasiraei-Moghadam, Shiva; Sherafat, Mohammad Amin; Safari, Mir-Shahram; Moradi, Fatemeh; Ahmadiani, Abolhassan; Dargahi, Leila</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>Impaired memory performance in offspring is one of the long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences of prenatal opiate exposure. Here, we studied the effects of prenatal morphine exposure on inhibitory avoidance memory performance in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female offspring and also investigated whether these deficits are reversible during the postnatal development. Pregnant Wistar rats received morphine sulfate through drinking water, from the first day of gestation up to the day 13, M₁₋₁₃, or to the time of delivery, M₁₋₂₁. Four- and ten-week-old (adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span>, respectively) <span class="hlt">male</span> and female offspring were subjected to behavioral assays and then analysis of proteins involved in apoptosis or in synaptic plasticity. Results revealed that adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> female rats failed in passive avoidance retention task in both M₁₋₁₃ and M₁₋₂₁ groups. Adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring were similar to control animals in M₁₋₁₃ group. However M₁₋₂₁ impaired retention task in prepubertal <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring, and this memory loss was repaired in postpubertal stage. Consistently, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased in both M₁₋₁₃ and M₁₋₂₁ adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> female rats, but only in M₁₋₂₁ adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Furthermore, prenatal morphine exposure reduced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor protein in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> female offspring and also decreased p-ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II/ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II ratio in adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats. Altogether, the results show that prenatal morphine exposure, depending on the time or duration of exposure, has distinct effects on <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats, and postnatal development may reverse these deficits more likely in <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068324','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068324"><span>The importance of open- and closed-skill agility for team selection of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> basketball players.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scanlan, A T; Tucker, P S; Dalbo, V J</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Open-skill agility qualities have yet to be described in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> basketball players. Further, the importance of open- and closed-skill agility for team selection remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to: 1) describe the open- and closed-skill agility of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> basketball players; and 2) compare these properties between starting and non-starting players. A cross-sectional between-group design was used. Six starting (playing time: 30.1 ± 8.8 min; age: 30.5 ± 4.8 years; height: 192.1 ± 7.7 cm; body mass: 100.5 ± 15.0 kg; VO(2max): 48.4 ± 6.6 mL∙kg⁻¹∙min⁻¹) and six non-starting (4.3 ± 3.6 min; 21.3 ± 5 years; 185.7 ± 7.4 cm; 94.4 ± 17.9 kg; 50.6 ± 3.9 mL∙kg⁻¹∙min⁻¹) state-level basketball players completed multiple trials for the Change of Direction Speed Test (CODST) and Reactive Agility Test (RAT). No statistically significant between-group differences were evident for CODST movement time (starters: 1.652 ± 0.047 s; non-starters: 1.626 ± 0.040 s, P=0.68), RAT response time (starters: 307.5 ± 100.5 ms; non-starters: 426.5 ± 140.7 ms, P=0.12), and RAT decision-making time (starters: 110.7 ± 11.0 ms; non-starters: 147.3 ± 14.2 ms, P=0.08). However, starters (2.001 ± 0.051 s) possessed significantly (P=0.02) faster RAT total movement times than non-starters (2.182 ± 0.040 s). These data support the utility of perceptual and cognitive components of agility performance in distinguishing starting from non-starting players in basketball. Consequently, basketball coaching and conditioning staff should incorporate sport-specific reactive training drills for all players during the annual conditioning plan.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222910','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222910"><span>Associations Between MAOA-uVNTR Genotype, Maltreatment, MAOA Methylation, and Alcohol Consumption in Young <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bendre, Megha; Comasco, Erika; Checknita, Dave; Tiihonen, Jari; Hodgins, Sheilagh; Nilsson, Kent W</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Epigenetic mechanisms are candidate moderators of the effect of maltreatment on brain and behavior. Interactions between maltreatment and the monoamine oxidase A upstream variable number tandem repeat genotype (MAOA-uVNTR) are associated with alcohol-related problems. However, presently it is not known whether DNA methylation moderates this association. The study focused on 53 young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and aimed to determine whether MAOA methylation moderated the association of alcohol-related problems with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment, and whether alcohol consumption moderated the association of MAOA methylation with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment. MAOA-uVNTR genotypes with ≤ 3 and > 3 repeats were categorized as short (S) and long (L), respectively. Data on maltreatment were obtained retrospectively, using self-reported questionnaires. DNA methylation of 16 candidate CpGs within part of the MAOA first exon and intron was assessed and grouped based on principal component analyses. Alcohol-related problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcohol consumption was measured using AUDIT-C. Moderation effects were assessed and probed using the moderated moderation model and Johnson-Neyman's method, respectively. Carriers of the S allele, who experienced maltreatment and displayed lower Component 1 (mean of CpGs 13-16 in the first intron) MAOA methylation levels, reported higher AUDIT score in contrast to L-allele carriers. Carriers of the S allele, who reported higher AUDIT-C score and experienced maltreatment, displayed lower Component 3 (mean of CpGs 2-6 in the first exon) MAOA methylation levels than L-allele carriers. Intronic methylation moderated the association of alcohol-related problems with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment. Alcohol consumption moderated the association of exonic methylation with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment. These results suggest that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26896669','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26896669"><span>Penguins as bioindicators of mercury contamination in the southern Indian Ocean: geographical and temporal trends.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Carravieri, Alice; Cherel, Yves; Jaeger, Audrey; Churlaud, Carine; Bustamante, Paco</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Penguins have been recently identified as useful bioindicators of mercury (Hg) transfer to food webs in the Southern Ocean over different spatial and temporal scales. Here, feather Hg concentrations were measured in <span class="hlt">adults</span> and chicks of all the seven penguin species breeding in the southern Indian Ocean, over a large latitudinal gradient spanning Antarctic, <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> and subtropical sites. Hg was also measured in feathers of museum specimens of penguins collected at the same sites in the 1950s and 1970s. Our aim was to evaluate geographical and historical variations in Hg transfer to penguins, while accounting for feeding habits by using the stable isotope technique (δ(13)C, habitat; δ(15)N, diet/trophic level). <span class="hlt">Adult</span> feather Hg concentrations in contemporary individuals ranged from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 5.9 ± 1.9 μg g(-1) dw in Adélie and gentoo penguins, respectively. Inter-specific differences in Hg accumulation were strong among both <span class="hlt">adults</span> and chicks, and mainly linked to feeding habits. Overall, penguin species that feed in Antarctic waters had lower feather Hg concentrations than those that feed in <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> and subtropical waters, irrespective of age class and dietary group, suggesting different Hg incorporation into food webs depending on the water mass. While accounting for feeding habits, we detected different temporal variations in feather Hg concentrations depending on species. Notably, the <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> gentoo and macaroni penguins had higher Hg burdens in the contemporary rather than in the historical sample, despite similar or lower trophic levels, respectively. Whereas increases in Hg deposition have been recently documented in the Southern Hemisphere, future monitoring is highly needed to confirm or not this temporal trend in penguins, especially in the context of actual changing Hg emission patterns and global warming. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2053621','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2053621"><span>Review of bulimia nervosa in <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Carlat, D J; Camargo, C A</p> <p>1991-07-01</p> <p>The authors describe the distribution of bulimia nervosa among <span class="hlt">males</span> and identify characteristics that distinguish <span class="hlt">male</span> bulimics from their female counterparts. Potential references were identified through an English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1966 to April 1990) and through extensive manual searching of textbooks and reviews. All published works with original data or hypotheses concerning bulimia in <span class="hlt">males</span> were included. Bulimia affects approximately 0.2% of adolescent boys and young <span class="hlt">adult</span> men, and <span class="hlt">males</span> account for 10%-15% of all bulimic subjects identified in community-based studies. Compared to their female counterparts, <span class="hlt">male</span> bulimics appear to have a later age of onset; higher prevalences of premorbid obesity, homosexuality, and asexuality; and less concern with strict weight control. These findings are discussed from biological, psychological, and cultural perspectives to develop a fuller understanding of the pathogenesis of bulimia in <span class="hlt">males</span>. Bulimia in <span class="hlt">males</span> has received relatively little attention in the literature. Future research should focus on more rigorous analytic studies that include matched comparison groups of female bulimic and <span class="hlt">male</span> nonbulimic subjects. Such studies would not only benefit <span class="hlt">male</span> bulimics but might provide insight into the nature of bulimia in both sexes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5121231','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5121231"><span>Characterization of Reproductive Dormancy in <span class="hlt">Male</span> Drosophila melanogaster</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kubrak, Olga I.; Kučerová, Lucie; Theopold, Ulrich; Nylin, Sören; Nässel, Dick R.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Insects are known to respond to seasonal and adverse environmental changes by entering dormancy, also known as diapause. In some insect species, including Drosophila melanogaster, dormancy occurs in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> organism and postpones reproduction. This <span class="hlt">adult</span> dormancy has been studied in female flies where it is characterized by arrested development of ovaries, altered nutrient stores, lowered metabolism, increased stress and immune resistance and drastically extended lifespan. <span class="hlt">Male</span> dormancy, however, has not been investigated in D. melanogaster, and its physiology is poorly known in most insects. Here we show that unmated 3–6 h old <span class="hlt">male</span> flies placed at low temperature (11°C) and short photoperiod (10 Light:14 Dark) enter a state of dormancy with arrested spermatogenesis and development of testes and <span class="hlt">male</span> accessory glands. Over 3 weeks of diapause we see a dynamic increase in stored carbohydrates and an initial increase and then a decrease in lipids. We also note an up-regulated expression of genes involved in metabolism, stress responses and innate immunity. Interestingly, we found that <span class="hlt">male</span> flies that entered reproductive dormancy do not attempt to mate females kept under non-diapause conditions (25°C, 12L:12D), and conversely non-diapausing <span class="hlt">males</span> do not mate females in dormancy. In summary, our study shows that <span class="hlt">male</span> D. melanogaster can enter reproductive dormancy. However, our data suggest that dormant <span class="hlt">male</span> flies deplete stored nutrients faster than females, studied earlier, and that <span class="hlt">males</span> take longer to recover reproductive capacity after reintroduction to non-diapause conditions. PMID:27932997</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20599607','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20599607"><span>Effect of cross-fostering on seizures in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring of methamphetamine-treated rat mothers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Slamberová, R; Hrubá, L; Bernásková, K; Matejovská, I; Rokyta, R</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>Stimulant drugs are often associated with increased seizure susceptibility. Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) systems play a role in the effect of stimulants in the genesis of epileptic seizures. Our previous studies showed that prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure induced long-term changes in seizure susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cross-fostering on the prenatal and postnatal MA-exposed rats, respectively, on their seizures in adulthood. Bicuculline (GABA(A) receptor antagonist), NMDA (NMDA receptor agonist) and flurothyl (a convulsant gas) were used to induce seizures in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> offsprings. Female dams were injected with MA (5 mg/kg daily) or physiological saline (S) for approx. 9 week [about 3 week prior to impregnation, for the entire gestation period (22 days) and in preweaning period (21 days)]. Absolute controls (C) did not receive any injections. On postnatal day 1, pups were cross-fostered so that each mother received pups from all three treatments. Thus, nine groups (based on the prenatal and postnatal drug exposure) of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were tested in each seizure test: C/C; C/S; C/MA; S/C; S/S; S/MA; MA/C; MA/S; MA/MA. The present study demonstrates that the effect of prenatal and/or postnatal MA exposure is seizure model specific. In addition, our data show that there is an effect of cross-fostering on seizures; particularly, the effect of prenatal MA exposure shown in animals fostered by control mothers is no longer apparent in animals fostered postnatally by MA-treated mothers. Such effect of postnatal treatment is not manifested in prenatal controls. In summary, it seems that: (1) prenatal MA exposure alters seizure susceptibility more than postnatal MA exposure; (2) especially in seizures induced by chemicals that affect GABAergic system (bicuculline, flurothyl) notable effect of adoption (cross-fostering) is apparent; (3) in seizure models that are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26410285','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26410285"><span>Anabolic agent use in <span class="hlt">adults</span> with cystic fibrosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Green, Heather D; Barry, Peter J; Jones, Andrew M</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>The use of non-prescribed anabolic agents amongst non-athletes is increasing with young, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the highest risk demographic. There is evidence that anabolic agents increase weight and muscle mass in <span class="hlt">adults</span> with a variety of catabolic conditions but there is no evidence for their use in hormone sufficient <span class="hlt">adults</span> with CF. We report a case of anabolic agent use in a <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> with CF and review the clinical features of anabolic agent use with a focus on <span class="hlt">adults</span> with CF. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21185124','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21185124"><span>Early life stress impairs social recognition due to a blunted response of vasopressin release within the septum of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lukas, Michael; Bredewold, Remco; Landgraf, Rainer; Neumann, Inga D; Veenema, Alexa H</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>Early life stress poses a risk for the development of psychopathologies characterized by disturbed emotional, social, and cognitive performance. We used maternal separation (MS, 3h daily, postnatal days 1-14) to test whether early life stress impairs social recognition performance in juvenile (5-week-old) and <span class="hlt">adult</span> (16-week-old) <span class="hlt">male</span> Wistar rats. Social recognition was tested in the social discrimination test and defined by increased investigation by the experimental rat towards a novel rat compared with a previously encountered rat. Juvenile control and MS rats demonstrated successful social recognition at inter-exposure intervals of 30 and 60 min. However, unlike <span class="hlt">adult</span> control rats, <span class="hlt">adult</span> MS rats failed to discriminate between a previously encountered and a novel rat after 60 min. The social recognition impairment of <span class="hlt">adult</span> MS rats was accompanied by a lack of a rise in arginine vasopressin (AVP) release within the lateral septum seen during social memory acquisition in <span class="hlt">adult</span> control rats. This blunted response of septal AVP release was social stimulus-specific because forced swimming induced a rise in septal AVP release in both control and MS rats. Retrodialysis of AVP (1 μg/ml, 3.3 μl/min, 30 min) into the lateral septum during social memory acquisition restored social recognition in <span class="hlt">adult</span> MS rats at the 60-min interval. These studies demonstrate that MS impairs social recognition performance in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats, which is likely caused by blunted septal AVP activation. Impaired social recognition may be linked to MS-induced changes in other social behaviors like aggression as shown previously. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27317840','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27317840"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset hypothyroidism on behavioral parameters and acetylcholinesterase isoforms activity in specific brain regions of <span class="hlt">male</span> mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vasilopoulou, Catherine G; Constantinou, Caterina; Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Giompres, Panagiotis; Margarity, Marigoula</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for normal development and function of mammalian central nervous system (CNS); TH dysregulation has been implicated in several cognitive and behavioral deficits related to dysfunctions of neurotransmitter systems. In the present study, we investigated the effects of <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset hypothyroidism on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and on related behavioral parameters. For this purpose we used <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Balb/cJ mice that were divided randomly into euthyroid and hypothyroid animal groups. Animals were rendered hypothyroid through administration of 1% w/v KClO4 in their drinking water for 8weeks. At the end of the treatment, learning/memory procedures were examined through step-through passive avoidance task while fear/anxiety was assessed using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open-field (OF) tests. AChE activity was determined colorimetrically in two different fractions, salt-soluble fraction (SS) (containing mainly the G1 isoform) and detergent-soluble fraction (DS) (containing mainly the G4 isoform) in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, hippocampus and striatum. Our results indicate that <span class="hlt">adult</span> onset hypothyroidism caused significant memory impairment and increased fear/anxiety. Moreover, the activity of both isoforms of AChE was reduced in all brain regions examined in a brain region- and isoform-specific manner. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRC..121.2405N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRC..121.2405N"><span>Annual cycles of deep-ocean biogeochemical export fluxes in subtropical and <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> waters, southwest Pacific Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nodder, Scott D.; Chiswell, Stephen M.; Northcote, Lisa C.</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The annual cycles of particle fluxes derived from moored sediment trap data collected during 2000-2012 in subtropical (STW) and <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> waters (SAW) east of New Zealand are presented. These observations are the most comprehensive export flux time series from temperate Southern Hemisphere latitudes to date. With high levels of variability, fluxes in SAW were markedly lower than in STW, reflecting the picophytoplankton-dominated communities in the iron-limited, high nutrient-low chlorophyll SAW. Austral spring chlorophyll blooms in surface STW were near synchronous with elevated fluxes of bio-siliceous, carbonate, and organic carbon-rich materials to the deep ocean, probably facilitated by diatom and/or coccolithophorid sedimentation. Lithogenic fluxes were also high in STW, compared to SAW, reflecting proximity to the New Zealand landmass. In contrast, the highest biogenic fluxes in SAW occurred in spring when surface chlorophyll concentrations were low, while highest annual chlorophyll concentrations were in summer with no associated flux increase. We hypothesize that the high spring export in SAW results from subsurface chlorophyll accumulation that is not evident from remote-sensing satellites. This material was also rich in biogenic silica, perhaps related to the preferential export of diatoms and other silica-producing organisms, such as silicoflagellates and radiolarians. Organic carbon fluxes in STW are similar to that of other mesotrophic to oligotrophic waters (˜6-7 mg C m-2 d-1), whereas export from SAW is below the global average (˜3 mg C m-2 d-1). Regional differences in flux across the SW Pacific and Tasman region reflect variations in physical processes and ecosystem structure and function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999NW.....86...18K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999NW.....86...18K"><span>Primate Socioecology: New Insights from <span class="hlt">Males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kappeler, Peter M.</p> <p></p> <p>Primate <span class="hlt">males</span> have only recently returned to the center stage of socioecological research. This review surveys new studies that examine variation in the behavior of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and their role in social evolution. It is shown that group size, composition, and social behavior are determined not only by resource distribution, predation risk, and other ecological factors, but that life history traits and social factors, especially those related to sexual coercion, can have equally profound consequences for social systems. This general point is illustrated by examining <span class="hlt">male</span> behavior at three levels: the evolution of permanent associations between <span class="hlt">males</span> and females, the causes and consequences of variation in the number of <span class="hlt">males</span> between group-living species, and the determinants of social relationships within and between the sexes. Direct and indirect evidence reviewed in connection with all three questions indicates that the risk of infanticide has been a pervasive force in primate social evolution. Several areas are identified for future research on <span class="hlt">male</span> life histories that should contribute to a better understanding of <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive strategies and corresponding female counterstrategies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=transgender&pg=6&id=EJ975215','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=transgender&pg=6&id=EJ975215"><span>Adolescent <span class="hlt">Male</span>-to-Female Transgender Voice and Communication Therapy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hancock, Adrienne; Helenius, Lauren</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Current research to describe and evaluate effectiveness of voice and communication therapy for <span class="hlt">male</span>-to-female transgender people is limited to <span class="hlt">adults</span>. This paper provides rationale, procedures, and outcomes from voice and communication therapy for a <span class="hlt">male</span>-to-female transgender adolescent 15 years of age. Treatment addressed vocal hygiene, breath…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED334340.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED334340.pdf"><span>School Programs for African American <span class="hlt">Males</span>. ERIC CUE Digest No. 72.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ascher, Carol</p> <p></p> <p>New educational programs are attempting to meet the needs of <span class="hlt">male</span> African American students. The new programs vary widely in approach, scope, content, and targeted age group. However, they all focus on helping African American <span class="hlt">male</span> youth develop productive behaviors and values by bringing them into contact with African American <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. The…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22216015-gestational-exposure-diethylstilbestrol-alters-cardiac-structure-function-protein-expression-dna-methylation-adult-male-mice-progeny','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22216015-gestational-exposure-diethylstilbestrol-alters-cardiac-structure-function-protein-expression-dna-methylation-adult-male-mice-progeny"><span>Gestational exposure to diethylstilbestrol alters cardiac structure/function, protein expression and DNA methylation in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice progeny</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Haddad, Rami, E-mail: rami.haddad@mail.mcgill.ca; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 850 Sherbrooke Street, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A2; Kasneci, Amanda, E-mail: amanda.kasneci@mail.mcgill.ca</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Pregnant women, and thus their fetuses, are exposed to many endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). Fetal cardiomyocytes express sex hormone receptors making them potentially susceptible to re-programming by estrogenizing EDCs. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a proto-typical, non-steroidal estrogen. We hypothesized that changes in <span class="hlt">adult</span> cardiac structure/function after gestational exposure to the test compound DES would be a proof in principle for the possibility of estrogenizing environmental EDCs to also alter the fetal heart. Vehicle (peanut oil) or DES (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μg/kg/da.) was orally delivered to pregnant C57bl/6n dams on gestation days 11.5–14.5. At 3 months, <span class="hlt">male</span> progeny were left sedentarymore » or were swim trained for 4 weeks. Echocardiography of isoflurane anesthetized mice revealed similar cardiac structure/function in all sedentary mice, but evidence of systolic dysfunction and increased diastolic relaxation after swim training at higher DES doses. The calcium homeostasis proteins, SERCA2a, phospholamban, phospho-serine 16 phospholamban and calsequestrin 2, are important for cardiac contraction and relaxation. Immunoblot analyses of ventricle homogenates showed increased expression of SERCA2a and calsequestrin 2 in DES mice and greater molecular remodeling of these proteins and phospho-serine 16 phospholamban in swim trained DES mice. DES increased cardiac DNA methyltransferase 3a expression and DNA methylation in the CpG island within the calsequestrin 2 promoter in heart. Thus, gestational DES epigenetically altered ventricular DNA, altered cardiac function and expression, and reduced the ability of <span class="hlt">adult</span> progeny to cardiac remodel when physically challenged. We conclude that gestational exposure to estrogenizing EDCs may impact cardiac structure/function in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. -- Highlights: ► Gestational DES changes cardiac SERCA2a and CASQ2 expression. ► Echocardiography identified systolic dysfunction and increased diastolic relaxation. </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28978410','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28978410"><span>Age and socially related changes in fecal androgen metabolite concentrations in free-ranging <span class="hlt">male</span> giraffes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wolf, T E; Schaebs, F S; Bennett, N C; Burroughs, R; Ganswindt, A</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In many mammal species, androgen levels in <span class="hlt">males</span> are elevated during periods of mating activity, often to facilitate aggressive behavior between <span class="hlt">males</span> over access to fertile females. However, this pattern might be less obvious in species with a rather low <span class="hlt">male-male</span> aggression rate, or in those that are not strictly seasonal breeders. A complex social structure, as well as additional social and environmental factors, might add more to the complexity. Here, we applied a non-invasive method to monitor fecal androgen metabolite (fAM) levels in free-ranging giraffe bulls over a period of months to examine longitudinal patterns of androgen metabolite concentrations in relation to observed <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior in different age classes. Giraffes are non-seasonal breeders, living in a fission-fusion social system and <span class="hlt">males</span> show a roaming strategy to search for fertile females. Our results show that season has an impact on fAM levels in free-ranging giraffes, with respective steroid concentrations being higher in summer. In the presence of females, fAM levels of bulls are significantly higher compared to when found in all-<span class="hlt">male</span> groups, with old <span class="hlt">adult</span> bulls showing the highest fAM levels. In contrast, young <span class="hlt">adult</span> bulls have overall slightly higher fAM levels compared to old <span class="hlt">adult</span> bulls when residing in all <span class="hlt">male</span> groups. Sexual behavior increases fAM levels only in old <span class="hlt">adult</span> bulls. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6854278','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6854278"><span>Family correlates of <span class="hlt">male</span> childhood gender disturbance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rekers, G A; Mead, S L; Rosen, A C; Brigham, S L</p> <p>1983-03-01</p> <p>In the context of a review of <span class="hlt">adult</span> cases of gender disturbance, a clinical study was pursued on the status of fathers, father-substitutes, and older <span class="hlt">male</span> siblings for 46 boys with deviations in <span class="hlt">male</span> role development. Significantly fewer <span class="hlt">male</span> role models were found in the family backgrounds of the severely gender-disturbed boys as compared to the mild-to-moderately gender-disturbed boys. <span class="hlt">Male</span> childhood gender disturbance was also found to be correlated with a high incidence of psychiatric problems in both the mothers and fathers and with atypical patterns of the boys' involvement with their mothers and fathers, as measured by the Bene-Anthony Family Relations Test and the Rekers Behavior Checklist for Childhood Gender Problems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28377957','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28377957"><span>Sirolimus and tacrolimus rather than cyclosporine A cause bone loss in healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rubert, Mercedes; Montero, Mercedes; Guede, David; Caeiro, Jose-Ramón; Martín-Fernández, Marta; Díaz-Curiel, Manuel; de la Piedra, Concepción</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The aim of this work was to study the effects of cyclosporine (CsA), tacrolimus (FK-506), and rapamycin (RAPA) on bone mass, femoral microstructure, femoral biomechanical properties, and bone remodeling in healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats. Forty-eight 5-month-old <span class="hlt">male</span> Wistar rats were used. CsA (2 mg/kg/day), FK-506 (3 mg/kg/day), RAPA (1.25 mg/kg/day), or water (0.5 ml/rat/day, control group) were administered orally for 3 months. After sacrifice, mean values of immunosuppressants in blood were: CsA (670.4 ng/ml), FK-506 (19.2 ng/ml), and RAPA (4.8 ng/ml). Levels of biochemical parameters were normal in all groups. Femoral BMD was decreased in FK-506 and RAPA groups and lumbar BMD in FK-506 group. Trabecular volume fraction (BV/TV) decreased only in FK-506 group. RAPA and CsA affected femoral cortical structure, but FK-506 did not. FK-506 produced an increase in bone remodeling, and CsA a decrease. FK-506 group showed a decrease in biomechanical parameters relative to all groups. RAPA group showed a decrease in ultimate stress vs control group, and CsA group presented an increase in biomechanical parameters versus control group. We found that administration of both RAPA and FK-506 as monotherapy for healthy rats produced osteopenia. CsA treatment only produces slight damages in the cortical zone of the femur.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1448501','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1448501"><span>Associations Between Early-Adolescent Substance Use and Subsequent Young-<span class="hlt">Adult</span> Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders Among a Multiethnic <span class="hlt">Male</span> Sample in South Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gil, Andres G.; Wagner, Eric F.; Tubman, Jonathan G.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Objectives. We examined the associations among early-adolescent substance use, subsequent young-<span class="hlt">adult</span> substance use disorders, and psychiatric disorders among a community sample of <span class="hlt">males</span>. Methods. Early-adolescent data were collected in classroom surveys (1990–1993), and young-<span class="hlt">adult</span> data were collected in face-to-face interviews (1998–2000). Results. We found strong associations between early-adolescent substance use and young-<span class="hlt">adult</span> substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders. The magnitudes of these associations varied by racial/ethnic group and were strongest among African Americans and foreign-born Hispanics, who reported the lowest early-adolescent substance use. Conclusions. Early-adolescent substance use is most strongly associated with a later pattern of dysfunction among the racial/ethnic groups that reported the lowest levels of early use. The implications of our findings in the context of primary and secondary prevention are discussed. PMID:15333322</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhDT.......282S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhDT.......282S"><span>A reference skeletal dosimetry model for an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> radionuclide therapy patient based on three-dimensional imaging and paired-image radiation transport</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shah, Amish P.</p> <p></p> <p>The need for improved patient-specificity of skeletal dose estimates is widely recognized in radionuclide therapy. Current clinical models for marrow dose are based on skeletal mass estimates from a variety of sources and linear chord-length distributions that do not account for particle escape into cortical bone. To predict marrow dose, these clinical models use a scheme that requires separate calculations of cumulated activity and radionuclide S values. Selection of an appropriate S value is generally limited to one of only three sources, all of which use as input the trabecular microstructure of an individual measured 25 years ago, and the tissue mass derived from different individuals measured 75 years ago. Our study proposed a new modeling approach to marrow dosimetry---the Paired Image Radiation Transport (PIRT) model---that properly accounts for both the trabecular microstructure and the cortical macrostructure of each skeletal site in a reference <span class="hlt">male</span> radionuclide patient. The PIRT model, as applied within EGSnrc, requires two sets of input geometry: (1) an infinite voxel array of segmented microimages of the spongiosa acquired via microCT; and (2) a segmented ex-vivo CT image of the bone site macrostructure defining both the spongiosa (marrow, endosteum, and trabeculae) and the cortical bone cortex. Our study also proposed revising reference skeletal dosimetry models for the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> cancer patient. Skeletal site-specific radionuclide S values were obtained for a 66-year-old <span class="hlt">male</span> reference patient. The derivation for total skeletal S values were unique in that the necessary skeletal mass and electron dosimetry calculations were formulated from the same source bone site over the entire skeleton. We conclude that paired-image radiation-transport techniques provide an adoptable method by which the intricate, anisotropic trabecular microstructure of the skeletal site; and the physical size and shape of the bone can be handled together, for improved</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967454','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967454"><span>Evaluating the anti-fertility potential of α-chlorohydrin on testis and spermatozoa in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> wild Indian house rat (Rattus rattus).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Madhu, Nithar Ranjan; Sarkar, Bhanumati; Biswas, Surjyo Jyoti; Behera, Biplab Kumar; Patra, Ashis</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>To examine the effects of α-chlorohydrin on testis and cauda epididymis in the <span class="hlt">male</span> house rat (Rattus rattus), 24 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were segregated into two groups. Group I rats were force-fed daily by intragastric intubation with α-chlorohydrin at a single dose of 1.0 mg/100 g body weight/d for 5, 15, and 45 days. Another group was fed with distilled water, which served as the control. The treated <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were paired with 24 <span class="hlt">adult</span> proestrus female rats for 5 days after the last oral treatment and fertility was tested. At the end of the experiments, all of the <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were weighed and killed by cervical dislocation. The right testes were removed, weighed, and processed for ultrastructural changes of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis and testis under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The seminiferous tubular area, nuclear diameter of the Sertoli and Leydig cells, percentage of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells in each group were compared morphometrically. Our results showed that the percentages of primary spermatocytes steadily increased from 5 to 15 days, but primary and secondary spermatocytes decreased significantly at 45 days. There was a steady decline in the percentages of spermatozoa and spermatids at all fixation intervals in the treated animals, but the percentages of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells increased significantly at 15 and 45 days. Seminiferous tubular areas, nuclear diameter of Leydig and Sertoli cells, and fertility rates were reduced after 45 days of treatment. SEM and TEM studies revealed severe morphological abnormalities in the spermatozoa, including deglutination of the acrosomal part, loss of head capsules, and fragmentation of tail fibrils. There was an enhanced anti-fertility effect and a lower number of implantation sites in the rats treated for 5 days. Our results validate α-chlorohydrin as a successful anti</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28242816','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28242816"><span>Fasting increases the phosphorylation of AMPK and expression of sirtuin1 in muscle of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Debby; Martinez, Bridget; Crocker, Daniel E; Ortiz, Rudy M</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Fasting typically suppresses thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated cellular events and increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity. THs may regulate metabolism through nongenomic pathways and directly through activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ) are active, hypermetabolic, and normothermic during their annual breeding fast, which is characterized by stable TH levels. However, the contribution of TH to maintenance of their fasting metabolism is unknown. To investigate the fasting effects on cellular TH-mediated events and its potential association with SIRT1 and AMPK, we quantified plasma TH levels, mRNA expressions of muscle SIRT1 and TH-associated genes as well as the phosphorylation of AMPK in <span class="hlt">adult</span>, <span class="hlt">male</span> northern elephant seals ( n = 10/fasting period) over 8 weeks of fasting (early vs. late). Deiodinase type I (DI1) expression increased twofold with fasting duration suggesting that the potential for TH-mediated cellular signaling is increased. AMPK phosphorylation increased 61 ± 21% with fasting suggesting that cellular metabolism is increased. The mRNA expression of the TH transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 10 (MCT10), increased 2.4-fold and the TH receptor (THr β -1) decreased 30-fold suggesting that cellular uptake of T 4 is increased, but its subsequent cellular effects such as activation of AMPK are likely nongenomic. The up-regulation of SIRT1 mRNA expression (2.6-fold) likely contributes to the nongenomic activation of AMPK by TH, which may be necessary to maintain the expression of PGC-1 α These coordinated changes likely contribute to the up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism to support the energetic demands associated with prolonged fasting in <span class="hlt">adult</span> seals. © 2017 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359467','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359467"><span>The evolution of humor from <span class="hlt">male</span> aggression.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shuster, Sam</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The response to seeing a man riding a unicycle was reported to be consistently related to the viewer's sex and stage of physical development. To see if this observation was universal, observations of responses were collected from 23 <span class="hlt">male</span> and 9 female unicyclists aged 15-69 years, with 2-40 years cycling experience across four continents. With two exceptions among men, the findings were the same as those originally reported: children showed interest and curiosity, young girls showed little interest, while <span class="hlt">adult</span> women showed a kindly, concerned, praising response. By contrast, boys showed physical aggression, which became more verbal, merging in the later teens to the snide, aggressive, stereotyped humorous response shown by <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, which became less frequent in elderly men. The universality of the response across different individuals, environments, and dates of observation suggests an endogenous mechanism, and the association with masculine development relates this to androgen. The theoretical consequences are discussed. It is concluded that humor develops from aggression in <span class="hlt">males</span> and is evolutionarily related to sexual selection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1763275','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1763275"><span>Anthropometric characteristics of elite <span class="hlt">male</span> junior rowers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bourgois, J.; Claessens, A.; Vrijens, J.; Philippaerts, R.; Van Renterghem, B.; Thomis, M.; Janssens, M.; Loos, R.; Lefevre, J.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>During the 1997 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron World Junior Rowing Championships, anthropometric data on 383 <span class="hlt">male</span> junior rowers were assessed. With 430 participating athletes, the sample represented 89% of the population. In addition to age, 27 dimensions were measured: body mass, six heights or lengths, four breadths, 10 girths, and six skinfolds. The elite <span class="hlt">male</span> junior rowers were tall (187.4 (5.8) cm; mean (SD)) and heavy (82.2 (7.4) kg), with larger length, breadth, and girth dimensions than a nationally representative sample of Belgian boys of the same chronological age. A rowing specific anthropometric profile chart with norms was constructed. The stature of the junior rowers is similar to that of <span class="hlt">adult</span> heavyweight elite rowers, except that the junior rowers are lighter. Compared with non-finalists, finalists are heavier (but still lighter than the <span class="hlt">adult</span> heavyweight elite rower) and taller, with greater length, breadth (except for the bicristal diameter), and girth dimensions. Key Words: anthropometry; body size; <span class="hlt">males</span>; junior; rowers PMID:10854024</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=control+AND+mental&pg=7&id=EJ839230','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=control+AND+mental&pg=7&id=EJ839230"><span>Reactive and Proactive Control in Incarcerated and Community Adolescents and Young <span class="hlt">Adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Iselin, Anne-Marie R.; DeCoster, Jamie</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>This study compared the cognitive control skills of <span class="hlt">male</span> incarcerated adolescents (n = 44), <span class="hlt">male</span> control adolescents (n = 33), <span class="hlt">male</span> incarcerated young <span class="hlt">adults</span> (n = 41), and <span class="hlt">male</span> control young <span class="hlt">adults</span> (n = 35) using the AX-continuous performance test (AX-CPT). This test measures proactive control (the ability to maintain a mental representation of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25256306','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25256306"><span>Spatial cohesion of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Eckhardt, Nadin; Polansky, Leo; Boesch, Christophe</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Group living animals can exhibit fission-fusion behavior whereby individuals temporarily separate to reduce the costs of living in large groups. Primates living in groups with fission-fusion dynamics face numerous challenges in maintaining spatial cohesion, especially in environments with limited visibility. Here we investigated the spatial cohesion of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) living in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, to better understand the mechanisms by which individuals maintain group cohesion during fission-fusion events. Over a 3-year period, we simultaneously tracked the movements of 2-4 <span class="hlt">males</span> for 4-12 hr on up to 12 consecutive days using handheld GPS devices that recorded locations at one-minute intervals. Analyses of the <span class="hlt">male</span>'s inter-individual distance (IID) showed that the maximum, median, and mean IID values across all observations were 7.2 km, 73 m, and 483 m, respectively. These <span class="hlt">males</span> (a) had maximum daily IID values below the limits of auditory communication (<1 km) for 63% of the observation time, (b) remained out of visual range (≥100 m) for 46% of observation time, and (c) remained within auditory range for 70% of the time when they were in different parties. We compared the observed distribution of IIDs with a random distribution obtained from permutations of the individuals' travel paths using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Observation IID values were significantly smaller than those generated by the permutation procedure. We conclude that these <span class="hlt">male</span> chimpanzees actively maintain cohesion when out of sight, and that auditory communication is one likely mechanism by which they do so. We discuss mechanisms by which chimpanzees may maintain the level of cohesion observed. This study provides a first analysis of spatial group cohesion over large distances in forest chimpanzees using high-resolution tracking, and illustrates the utility of such data for quantifying socio-ecological processes in primate ecology. </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752844','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752844"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> replacement and stability of territorial boundary in a group of agile gibbons (Hylobates agilis agilis) in West Sumatra, Indonesia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koda, Hiroki; Oyakawa, Chisako; Nurulkamilah, Santi; Rizaldi; Sugiura, Hideki; Bakar, Amsir; Masataka, Nobuo</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>We report membership change in a group of wild agile gibbons, Hylobates agilis agilis, in West Sumatra, Indonesia. During 6-month observational periods, we focused on a particular unit of individuals known as the B group. We confirmed that the group consisted of five individuals: one <span class="hlt">adult</span> female, one <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>, one subadult <span class="hlt">male</span>, one subadult female, and one infant <span class="hlt">male</span>. During our observations, the resident <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and the two subadult individuals dispersed or disappeared, and a new <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> took over the group. We examined the effects of the <span class="hlt">male</span> replacement on the territorial boundary, using the auditory census technique. The boundary was stable. We also documented the succession of the home range. Our results indicate a flexible social structure in this species and contribute some useful data to an ongoing debate on their social dynamics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11841963','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11841963"><span>Genital size: a common adolescent <span class="hlt">male</span> concern.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Peter A; Reiter, Edward O</p> <p>2002-02-01</p> <p>Long before adolescence, <span class="hlt">males</span> hear insinuations about adequacy of penis size. This concern may heighten during teen years and persist to varying degrees into adulthood. Men tend to underestimate their own penis size. This chapter provides objective information about anatomy and growth of the penis, including data about normal sizes. Published data indicate that, although full growth may be reached at different ages during adolescence, size is similar for most <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Hopefully, this information will provide the basis for teenaged <span class="hlt">males</span> to develop a healthy perspective and to avoid intimidation by unfounded claims about sexual enhancement or size enlargement techniques.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941795','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941795"><span>Avoiding escalation from play to aggression in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats: The role of ultrasonic calls.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Burke, Candace J; Kisko, Theresa M; Pellis, Sergio M; Euston, David R</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Play fighting is most commonly associated with juvenile animals, but in some species, including rats, it can continue into adulthood. Post-pubertal engagement in play fighting is often rougher and has an increased chance of escalation to aggression, making the use of play signals to regulate the encounter more critical. During play, both juvenile and <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats emit many 50-kHz calls and some of these may function as play facilitating signals. In the present study, unfamiliar <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were introduced in a neutral enclosure and their social interactions were recorded. While all pairs escalated their playful encounters to become rougher, only the pairs in which one member was devocalized escalated to serious biting. A Monte Carlo shuffling technique was used for the analysis of the correlations between the overt playful and aggressive actions performed and the types and frequencies of various 50-kHz calls that were emitted. The analysis revealed that lower frequency (20-30kHz) calls with a flat component maybe particularly critical for de-escalating encounters and so allowing play to continue. Moreover, coordinating calls reciprocally, with either the same call mimicked in close, temporal association or with complementary calls emitted by participants as they engage in complementary actions (e.g., attacking the nape, being attacked on the nape), appeared to be ways with which calls could be potentially used to avoid escalation to aggression and so sustain playful interactions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420303','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420303"><span>Juvenile Papillomatosis (Swiss-Cheese Disease) of Breast in an <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> With Sequential Diagnoses of Ipsilateral Intraductal, Invasive, and Widely Metastatic Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Disease in <span class="hlt">Males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Viswanathan, Kartik; McMillen, Brian; Cheng, Esther; D'Alfonso, Timothy; Patel, Ami; Hoda, Syed A</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Juvenile papillomatosis of the breast (JPB, also known as Swiss cheese disease) is a rare ailment that typically afflicts young females, and presents as a mass-forming lesion. The lesional mass usually comprises multiple cysts and duct stasis, amid a variety of proliferative and nonproliferative epithelial changes. The proliferative changes include papillary hyperplasia, florid hyperplasia, and papillary apocrine hyperplasia. Concurrent carcinoma (either in situ or invasive) is present in approximately 10% of cases at presentation, and subsequent carcinoma (either in situ or invasive) is diagnosed in about 10% of patients. About 20% of patients have a strong family history of breast carcinoma. A total of 10 cases of JPB have been previously reported in <span class="hlt">males</span>, both children and <span class="hlt">adults</span>, only one of which, in a 33-year-old, was associated with invasive carcinoma. Here, another case of JPB in a 45-year-old <span class="hlt">male</span>-one with subsequent sequential diagnoses of ipsilateral intraductal carcinoma, invasive carcinoma, and widely metastatic carcinoma over the course of 15 years-is reported.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997041','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997041"><span>Supplementation with quercetin attenuates 4-nitrophenol-induced testicular toxicity in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mi, Yuling; Tu, Longlong; Wang, Huimin; Zeng, Weidong; Zhang, Caiqiao</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>The beneficial effects of quercetin on reproductive damage elicited by 4-nitrophenol (PNP) were studied in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice. A six-week treatment of weekly intraperitoneal injections of PNP (50 mg/kg) resulted in severe damage to the seminiferous tubules, a remarkable increase in both hydroxyl radical and malondiadehyde production, and notably decreased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, PNP treatment induced germ cell apoptosis, inhibited Bcl-xl expression, and then activated Bax expression and the caspase-3 enzyme. Exposure to PNP also increased XBP-1 and HO-1 mRNAs levels. However, simultaneous supplementation with quercetin (75 mg/kg) attenuated the toxicity induced by PNP through renewal of the antioxidant enzyme's status, alleviating apoptosis by regulating the expressions of Bax and Bcl-xl, XBP-1 and HO-1mRNAs, and the regulation of caspase-3 activity. Taken together, these findings indicated that the antioxidant quercetin displays a potential preventive effect on PNP-induced oxidative damage in mouse testes and may represent an efficient supplement to attenuate reproductive toxicity from environmental toxicants in order to ensure reproductive health and sperm production. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25939132','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25939132"><span>The Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale: A factorial analysis of validity and reliability for its use on <span class="hlt">adult</span> Chinese <span class="hlt">male</span> weightlifters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jin, Xinhong; Jin, Yahong; Zhou, Shi; Li, Xinhao; Yang, Shun-Nan; Yang, Donglin; Nieuwoudt, Johanna E; Yao, Jiaxin</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is the distorted perception of men's own muscle appearance. The increasing popularity of weightlifting in Chinese men suggests the presence of MD. The study assessed the validity and reliability of the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) for its use on <span class="hlt">adult</span> Chinese <span class="hlt">males</span>. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of responses from 225 and 592 participants confirmed the same five factors for the 17-item Chinese version as the original MASS (CFI=.931, RMSEA=.052). The internal consistency for all factors were acceptable (Cronbach's α=.636 to .737). Correlation levels of its subscales with converging measurements indicated that the revised MASS is effective in assessing MD in Chinese <span class="hlt">male</span> weightlifters. Differences in the importance of the factors suggest an influence of Chinese culture in the symptoms of MD and the need of assessing the MASS with populations from distinct demographics in China and from different cultures. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4913747','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4913747"><span>Atypically rightward cerebral asymmetry in <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span> with autism stratifies individuals with and without language delay</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lai, Meng‐Chuan; Auer, Tibor; Lombardo, Michael V.; Ecker, Christine; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Wheelwright, Sally J.; Bullmore, Edward T.; Murphy, Declan G.M.; Baron‐Cohen, Simon; Suckling, John</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Abstract In humans, both language and fine motor skills are associated with left‐hemisphere specialization, whereas visuospatial skills are associated with right‐hemisphere specialization. Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) show a profile of deficits and strengths that involves these lateralized cognitive functions. Here we test the hypothesis that regions implicated in these functions are atypically rightward lateralized in individuals with ASC and, that such atypicality is associated with functional performance. Participants included 67 <span class="hlt">male</span>, right‐handed <span class="hlt">adults</span> with ASC and 69 age‐ and IQ‐matched neurotypical <span class="hlt">males</span>. We assessed group differences in structural asymmetries in cortical regions of interest with voxel‐based analysis of grey matter volumes, followed by correlational analyses with measures of language, motor and visuospatial skills. We found stronger rightward lateralization within the inferior parietal lobule and reduced leftward lateralization extending along the auditory cortex comprising the planum temporale, Heschl's gyrus, posterior supramarginal gyrus, and parietal operculum, which was more pronounced in ASC individuals with delayed language onset compared to those without. Planned correlational analyses showed that for individuals with ASC, reduced leftward asymmetry in the auditory region was associated with more childhood social reciprocity difficulties. We conclude that atypical cerebral structural asymmetry is a potential candidate neurophenotype of ASC. Hum Brain Mapp 37:230–253, 2016. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:26493275</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28576050','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28576050"><span>Extraction and characterization of collagen from Antarctic and <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> squid and its potential application in hybrid scaffolds for tissue engineering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Coelho, Rui C G; Marques, Ana L P; Oliveira, Sara M; Diogo, Gabriela S; Pirraco, Rogério P; Moreira-Silva, Joana; Xavier, José C; Reis, Rui L; Silva, Tiago H; Mano, João F</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Collagen is the most abundant protein found in mammals and it exhibits a low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and biodegradability when compared with others natural polymers. For this reason, it has been explored for the development of biologically instructive biomaterials with applications for tissue substitution and regeneration. Marine origin collagen has been pursued as an alternative to the more common bovine and porcine origins. This study focused on squid (Teuthoidea: Cephalopoda), particularly the Antarctic squid Kondakovia longimana and the <span class="hlt">Sub-Antarctic</span> squid Illex argentinus as potential collagen sources. In this study, collagen has been isolated from the skins of the squids using acid-based and pepsin-based protocols, with the higher yield being obtained from I. argentinus in the presence of pepsin. The produced collagen has been characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, evidencing an amino acid profile similar to the one of calf collagen, but exhibiting a less preserved structure, with hydrolyzed portions and a lower melting temperature. Pepsin-soluble collagen isolated from I. argentinus was selected for further evaluation of biomedical potential, exploring its incorporation on poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) 3D printed scaffolds for the development of hybrid scaffolds for tissue engineering, exhibiting hierarchical features. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23007523','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23007523"><span>Excess aldosterone-induced changes in insulin signaling molecules and glucose oxidation in gastrocnemius muscle of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rat.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Selvaraj, Jayaraman; Sathish, Sampath; Mayilvanan, Chinnaiyan; Balasubramanian, Karundevi</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Emerging evidences demonstrate that excess aldosterone and insulin interact at target tissues. It has been shown that increased levels of aldosterone contribute to the development of insulin resistance and thus act as a risk factor for the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this scenario are yet to be identified. This study was designed to assess the dose-dependent effects of aldosterone on insulin signal transduction and glucose oxidation in the skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rat. Healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats of Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 180-200 g were used in this study. Rats were divided into four groups. Group I: control (treated with 1 % ethanol only), group II: aldosterone treated (10 μg /kg body weight, twice daily for 15 days), group III: aldosterone treated (20 μg /kg body weight, twice daily for 15 days), and group IV: aldosterone treated (40 μg/kg body weight, twice daily for 15 days). Excess aldosterone caused glucose intolerance in a dose-dependent manner. Serum insulin and aldosterone were significantly increased, whereas serum testosterone was decreased. Aldosterone treatment impaired the rate of glucose uptake, oxidation, and insulin signal transduction in the gastrocnemius muscle through defective expression of IR, IRS-1, Akt, AS160, and GLUT4 genes. Phosphorylation of IRS-1, β-arrestin-2, and Akt was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Excess aldosterone results in glucose intolerance as a result of impaired insulin signal transduction leading to decreased glucose uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle. In addition to this, it is inferred that excess aldosterone may act as one of the causative factors for the onset of insulin resistance and thus increased incidence of type-2 diabetes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PMB....61.2124C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PMB....61.2124C"><span>Construction of Chinese <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> phantom library and its application in the virtual calibration of in vivo measurement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Yizheng; Qiu, Rui; Li, Chunyan; Wu, Zhen; Li, Junli</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>In vivo measurement is a main method of internal contamination evaluation, particularly for large numbers of people after a nuclear accident. Before the practical application, it is necessary to obtain the counting efficiency of the detector by calibration. The virtual calibration based on Monte Carlo simulation usually uses the reference human computational phantom, and the morphological difference between the monitored personnel with the calibrated phantom may lead to the deviation of the counting efficiency. Therefore, a phantom library containing a wide range of heights and total body masses is needed. In this study, a Chinese reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> polygon surface (CRAM_S) phantom was constructed based on the CRAM voxel phantom, with the organ models adjusted to match the Chinese reference data. CRAMS phantom was then transformed to sitting posture for convenience in practical monitoring. Referring to the mass and height distribution of the Chinese <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>, a phantom library containing 84 phantoms was constructed by deforming the reference surface phantom. Phantoms in the library have 7 different heights ranging from 155 cm to 185 cm, and there are 12 phantoms with different total body masses in each height. As an example of application, organ specific and total counting efficiencies of Ba-133 were calculated using the MCNPX code, with two series of phantoms selected from the library. The influence of morphological variation on the counting efficiency was analyzed. The results show only using the reference phantom in virtual calibration may lead to an error of 68.9% for total counting efficiency. Thus the influence of morphological difference on virtual calibration can be greatly reduced using the phantom library with a wide range of masses and heights instead of a single reference phantom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894453','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894453"><span>Construction of Chinese <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> phantom library and its application in the virtual calibration of in vivo measurement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Yizheng; Qiu, Rui; Li, Chunyan; Wu, Zhen; Li, Junli</p> <p>2016-03-07</p> <p>In vivo measurement is a main method of internal contamination evaluation, particularly for large numbers of people after a nuclear accident. Before the practical application, it is necessary to obtain the counting efficiency of the detector by calibration. The virtual calibration based on Monte Carlo simulation usually uses the reference human computational phantom, and the morphological difference between the monitored personnel with the calibrated phantom may lead to the deviation of the counting efficiency. Therefore, a phantom library containing a wide range of heights and total body masses is needed. In this study, a Chinese reference <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> polygon surface (CRAM_S) phantom was constructed based on the CRAM voxel phantom, with the organ models adjusted to match the Chinese reference data. CRAM_S phantom was then transformed to sitting posture for convenience in practical monitoring. Referring to the mass and height distribution of the Chinese <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>, a phantom library containing 84 phantoms was constructed by deforming the reference surface phantom. Phantoms in the library have 7 different heights ranging from 155 cm to 185 cm, and there are 12 phantoms with different total body masses in each height. As an example of application, organ specific and total counting efficiencies of Ba-133 were calculated using the MCNPX code, with two series of phantoms selected from the library. The influence of morphological variation on the counting efficiency was analyzed. The results show only using the reference phantom in virtual calibration may lead to an error of 68.9% for total counting efficiency. Thus the influence of morphological difference on virtual calibration can be greatly reduced using the phantom library with a wide range of masses and heights instead of a single reference phantom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088403','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088403"><span>Increased Body Adiposity and Serum Leptin Concentrations in Very Long-Term <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jahnukainen, Kirsi; Heikkinen, Risto; Henriksson, Markus; Andersson, Sture; Ivaska, Kaisa K; Puukko-Viertomies, Leena-Riitta; Mäkitie, Outi</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>We evaluated the body composition and its association with hypogonadism in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> long-term acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors. The cohort included 49 long-term <span class="hlt">male</span> ALL survivors and 55 age-matched healthy controls. Fat and lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; blood biochemistry was obtained for adipokines and testicular endocrine markers. As compared with controls, the ALL survivors (median age 29 years, range 25-38), assessed 10-28 years after ALL diagnosis, had higher percentages of body (p < 0.05) and trunk fat mass (p < 0.05), and a lower body lean mass (p < 0.001). Survivors had significantly higher levels of leptin and adiponectin and lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3. Body fat mass and percent fat mass correlated with serum leptin and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Altogether, 15% of the ALL survivors and 9% of age-matched controls were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Obese survivors more often had hypogonadism, had received testicular irradiation, and needed testosterone replacement therapy compared to nonobese survivors. At young adulthood, long-term <span class="hlt">male</span> ALL survivors have significantly increased body adiposity despite normal weight and BMI. Potential indicators of increased adiposity included high leptin and low SHBG levels. Serum testicular endocrine markers did not correlate with body adiposity. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5816813','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5816813"><span>Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone Levels during Acute Phase of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Prognostic Implications for <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Patients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hohl, Alexandre; Zanela, Fernando Areas; Ghisi, Gabriela; Ronsoni, Marcelo Fernando; Diaz, Alexandre Paim; Schwarzbold, Marcelo Liborio; Dafre, Alcir Luiz; Reddi, Benjamin; Lin, Kátia; Pizzol, Felipe Dal; Walz, Roger</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide core public health problem affecting mostly young <span class="hlt">male</span> subjects. An alarming increase in incidence has turned TBI into a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young <span class="hlt">adults</span> as well as a tremendous resource burden on the health and welfare sector. Hormone dysfunction is highly prevalent during the acute phase of severe TBI. In particular, investigation of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels during the acute phase of severe TBI in <span class="hlt">male</span> has identified a high incidence of low testosterone levels in <span class="hlt">male</span> patients (36.5–100%) but the prognostic significance of which remains controversial. Two independent studies showed that normal or elevated levels of LH levels earlier during hospitalization are significantly associated with higher mortality/morbidity. The association between LH levels and prognosis was independent of other predictive variables such as neuroimaging, admission Glasgow coma scale, and pupillary reaction. The possible mechanisms underlying this association and further research directions in this field are discussed. Overall, current data suggest that LH levels during the acute phase of TBI might contribute to accurate prognostication and further prospective multicentric studies are required to develop more sophisticated predictive models incorporating biomarkers such as LH in the quest for accurate outcome prediction following TBI. Moreover, the potential therapeutic benefits of modulating LH during the acute phase of TBI warrant investigation. PMID:29487565</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=enlargement&pg=6&id=EJ949984','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=enlargement&pg=6&id=EJ949984"><span>Structure and Function of the Superior Temporal Plane in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Males</span> with Cleft Lip and Palate: Pathologic Enlargement with No Relationship to Childhood Hearing Deficits</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Shriver, A. S.; Canady, J.; Richman, L.; Andreasen, N. C.; Nopoulos, P.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Background: In a previous study from our lab, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) were shown to have significantly lower temporal lobe gray matter volume than matched controls. The current study was designed to begin a regional analysis of specific subregions of the temporal lobe. The superior temporal plane (STP) is a…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29184490','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29184490"><span>Attractiveness Modulates Neural Processing of Infant Faces Differently in <span class="hlt">Males</span> and Females.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yin, Lijun; Fan, Mingxia; Lin, Lijia; Sun, Delin; Wang, Zhaoxin</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Consistent attention and proper processing of infant faces by <span class="hlt">adults</span> are essential for infant survival. Previous behavioral studies showed gender differences in processing infant cues (e.g., crying, laughing or facial attractiveness) and more importantly, the efforts invested in nurturing offspring. The underlying neural mechanisms of processing unknown infant faces provide hints for understanding behavioral differences. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study recruited 32 unmarried <span class="hlt">adult</span> (16 females and 16 <span class="hlt">males</span>) participants to view unfamiliar infant faces and rate the attractiveness. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> faces were also included. Behaviorally, despite that females and <span class="hlt">males</span> showed no differences in attractiveness ratings of infant faces, a positive correlation was found between female's (but not <span class="hlt">male</span>'s) subjective liking for infants and attractiveness ratings of the infant faces. Functionally, brain activations to infant faces were modulated by attractiveness differently in <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. Specifically, in female participants, activities in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatum/Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) were positively modulated by infant facial attractiveness, and the modulation coefficients of these two regions were positively correlated. In <span class="hlt">male</span> participants, infant facial attractiveness negatively modulated the activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Our findings reveal that different neural mechanisms are involved in the processing of infant faces, which might lead to observed behavioral differences between <span class="hlt">males</span> and females towards the baby.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25912096','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25912096"><span>Interaction of Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality on Hypertension Prevalence in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Chinese <span class="hlt">Males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lu, Kai; Chen, Jia; Wu, Shouling; Chen, Ji; Hu, Dayi</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Previous studies demonstrated conflicting results about the association of sleep duration and hypertension. Given the potential relationship between sleep quality and hypertension, this study aimed to investigate the interaction of self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality on hypertension prevalence in <span class="hlt">adult</span> Chinese <span class="hlt">males</span>. We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of 4144 <span class="hlt">male</span> subjects. Sleep duration were measured by self-reported average sleep time during the past month. Sleep quality was evaluated using the standard Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure level ≥140/90 mm Hg or current antihypertensive treatment. The association between hypertension prevalence, sleep duration, and sleep quality was analyzed using logistic regression after adjusting for basic cardiovascular characteristics. Sleep duration shorter than 8 hours was found to be associated with increased hypertension, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03-1.52) for 7 hours, 1.41 (95% CI, 1.14-1.73) for 6 hours, and 2.38 (95% CI, 1.81-3.11) for <6 hours. Using very good sleep quality as the reference, good, poor, and very poor sleep quality were associated with hypertension, with odds ratios of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.01-1.42), 1.67 (95% CI, 1.32-2.11), and 2.32 (95% CI, 1.67-3.21), respectively. More importantly, further investigation of the association of different combinations of sleep duration and quality in relation to hypertension indicated an additive interaction. There is an additive interaction of poor sleep quality and short sleep duration on hypertension prevalence. More comprehensive measurement of sleep should be performed in future studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27820155','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27820155"><span>Obstacles to the take-up of mental health-care provision by <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> in rural and remote areas of Australia: A systematic review protocol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stroud, Peter; Lockwood, Craig</p> <p></p> <p>The objective is to identify and synthesise the best available evidence on the obstacles to the take-up of health-care provision by <span class="hlt">adult</span> rural and remote dwelling <span class="hlt">males</span> in Australia seeking mental health services. Men's health, in general health-care practice, is defined as the global management of mental, emotional, and physical health conditions, and related risk factors, that are specific to men in order to promote and generate optimal health.Research and practice tends to suggest that health-care and mental-health care practitioners seem to be confronted with obstacles such as distance clients need to travel and rurality in delivering care to <span class="hlt">adult</span> rural <span class="hlt">males</span>. Possible issues might be whether, or to what extent, care providers are conscious of these obstacles. Another issue might be how care providers work with these obstacles in practice, and whether or not they may, also to some extent, share some of the responsibility for the existence of these obstacles, on their own, or in conjunction with other factors which might be said to exist purely in the rural context. There is also a need to explore the contributions to obstacles from the <span class="hlt">adult</span> rural <span class="hlt">male</span> side as well. There may also be factors at work in the particular unique nature of rural and remote health-care and mental-health care as well, which could also be involved in the creation of obstacles.The structure and functioning of rural care available to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> of all cultural backgrounds and the obstacles to the take-up of that care represents an area which warrants further exploration and understanding. A foundation paper in this field by Karoski suggests that obstacles exist in health-care provision, particularly in the field of mental-health care to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Other research suggests that, while obstacles in service provision are common to all areas, some obstacles are more significant for rural and remote areas.The reasons for framing this review in terms of the <span class="hlt">adult</span> rural and remote <span class="hlt">male</span> (ARRM</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15934357','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15934357"><span>[Comparative study of the long-term behavioral effects of noopept and piracetam in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats and female rats in postnatal period].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Voronina, T A; Guzevatykh, L S; Trofimov, S S</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats were treated with the peptide nootrope drug noopept (daily dose, 0.1 mg/kg) and piracetam (200 mg/kg). In the period from 8th to 20th day, both drugs (cognitive enhancers) suppressed the horizontal and vertical activity and the anxiety in test animals as compared to the control group treated with 0.9 % aqueous NaCl solution. Early postnatal injections of the nootropes influenced neither the morphology development nor the behavior of <span class="hlt">adult</span> female rats in the plus maze, extrapolational escape, passive avoidance, and pain sensitivity threshold tests. Animals in the "intact" group (having received neither drugs not physiological solution, that is, developing in a poor sensor environment), showed less pronounced habituation in the open field test as compared to the control and drug treated groups.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4058376','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4058376"><span>Measurement of glottal cycle characteristics between children and <span class="hlt">adults</span>: Physiological Variations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Patel, Rita R.; Dubrovskiy, Denis; Döllinger, Michael</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Objective The aim of this study is to quantify phases of the vibratory cycle using measurements of glottal cycle quotients and glottal cycle derivatives, in typically developing pre-pubertal children and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> with use of high speed digital imaging (HSDI). Method Vocal fold vibrations were recorded from 27 children (age range 5–9 years) and 35 <span class="hlt">adults</span> (age range 21–45 years), with HSDI at 4000 frames per second for sustained phonation. Glottal area waveform (GAW) measures of Open Quotient (OQ), Closing Quotient (CQ), Speed Index (SI), Rate Quotient (RQ) and Asymmetry Quotient (AsyQ) were computed. Glottal cycle derivatives of Amplitude Quotient (AQ) and Maximum Area Declination Rate (MADR) were also computed. Group differences (<span class="hlt">adult</span> females, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, and children) were statistically investigated for mean and standard deviation values of the glottal cycle quotients and glottal cycle derivatives. Results Children exhibited higher values of Speed Index, Asymmetry Quotient and lower MADR compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. Children exhibited the highest mean value and lowest variability in Amplitude Quotient compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> showed lower values of Speed Index, Asymmetry Quotient, Amplitude Quotient and higher values of MADR compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> females. Conclusion Glottal cycle vibratory motion in children is functionally different compared to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> and females; suggesting the need for development of children specific norms for both normal and disordered voice qualities. PMID:24629646</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264298','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264298"><span>Morphology of the <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and pupal exuviae of <i>Glyptotendipes</i> (<i>Glyptotendipes</i>) <i>glaucus</i> (Meigen 1818) (Diptera, Chironomidae) using scanning electron microscope (SEM).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kownacki, Andrzej; Woznicka, Olga; Szarek-Gwiazda, Ewa; Michailova, Paraskeva; Czaplicka, Anna</p> <p>2017-02-27</p> <p>In this paper, a study of the morphology of the pupa and <span class="hlt">male</span> imago of Glyptotendipes (G.) glaucus (Meigen 1818) was carried out, with the aid of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM provided additional valuable information on the morphology of the species. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> head, antenna, wing, leg, abdomen, hypopygium, pupal cephalothorax and abdomen were examined. It is emphasized that SEM was not often used in Chironomidae studies. The present results confirm SEM as a suitable approach in carrying out morphological and taxonomical descriptions of Chironomidae species.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4993101','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4993101"><span>A global research synthesis of HIV and STI biobehavioral risks in female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> (FTM) transgender <span class="hlt">adults</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Reisner, Sari L.; Murchison, Gabriel R.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>There is a growing interest in HIV infection and sexually transmitted infection (STI) disease burden and risk among transgender people globally; however, the majority of work has been conducted with <span class="hlt">male</span>-to-female (MTF) transgender populations. This research synthesis comprehensively reviews HIV and STI research in female-to-<span class="hlt">male</span> (FTM) transgender <span class="hlt">adults</span>. A paucity of research exists about HIV and STIs in FTMs. Only 25 peer-reviewed papers (18 quantitative, 7 qualitative) and 11 ‘grey literature’ reports were identified, most in the U.S. or Canada, that include data identifying HIV and STI risks in FTMs (five with fully laboratory-confirmed HIV and/or STIs, and five with partial laboratory confirmation). Little is known about the sexual and drug use risk behaviors contributing to HIV and STIs in FTMs. Future directions are suggested, including the need for routine surveillance and monitoring of HIV and STIs globally by transgender identity, more standardized sexual risk assessment measures, targeted data collection in lower and middle income countries, and explicit consideration of the rationale for inclusion/exclusion of FTMs in category-based prevention approaches with MSM and transgender people. Implications for research, policy, programming, and interventions are discussed, including the need to address diverse sexual identities, attractions, and behaviors and engage local FTM communities. PMID:26785800</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19376747','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19376747"><span>Reliability of handheld dynamometry in assessment of hip strength in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> football players.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fulcher, Mark L; Hanna, Chris M; Raina Elley, C</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and interrater reliability of handheld dynamometry (HHD) for measuring hip muscle strength in a sample of 30 healthy semi-professional <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> football players. The reliability of HHD had not been assessed in athletes who were likely to be stronger than populations tested previously. Maximal isometric strength of resisted hip flexion and adduction were measured. Mean strength ranged from 51.5 kg for dominant hip flexion to 26.7 kg for hip adduction at 90 degrees of hip flexion. Intrarater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from 0.66 to 0.87. As expected, muscle strength in this group of athletes was significantly higher than that of populations in which HHD reliability has been assessed. Despite this, muscle strength testing of hip flexor and adductor muscles can be performed with good to excellent intra- and interrater reliability in this population. Copyright (c) 2009. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70000559','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70000559"><span>Environmental contaminants in <span class="hlt">male</span> river otters from Oregon and Washington, USA, 1994-1999</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Grove, R.A.; Henny, C.J.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study reports hepatic concentrations and distribution patterns of select metals, organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 180 <span class="hlt">male</span> river otters (Lontra canadensis) collected from Oregon and Washington, 1994-1999. Seven regional locations of western Oregon and Washington were delineated based on associations with major population centers, industry or agriculture. Cadmium (Cd) was not found above 0.5 ??g g-1, dry weight (dw) in juveniles, but increased with age in <span class="hlt">adults</span> though concentrations were generally low (nd-1.18 ??g g-1, dw). Regional geometric means for total mercury (THg) ranged from 3.63 to 8.05 ??g g-1, dw in juveniles and 3.46-2.6 ??g g-1 (dw) in <span class="hlt">adults</span>. The highest THg concentration was 148 ??g g-1, dw from an apparently healthy <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. Although THg increased with age in <span class="hlt">adult</span> otters, the occurrence of the more toxic form methylmercury (MeHg) was not evaluated. Mean OC and PCB concentrations reported in this study declined dramatically from those reported in 1978-1979 from the lower Columbia River. Organochlorine pesticide and metabolite means for both juvenile and <span class="hlt">adult</span> river otter <span class="hlt">males</span> were all below 100 ??g kg-1, wet weight (ww), with only DDE, DDD and HCB having individual concentrations exceeding 500 ??g kg-1, ww. Mean ??PCB concentrations in both juvenile and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> otters were below 1 ??g g-1 for all regional locations. Mean juvenile and <span class="hlt">adult</span> concentrations of non-ortho substituted PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs were in the low ng kg-1 for all locations studied. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PMB....53.4093K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PMB....53.4093K"><span>HDRK-Man: a whole-body voxel model based on high-resolution color slice images of a Korean <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> cadaver</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, Chan Hyeong; Hyoun Choi, Sang; Jeong, Jong Hwi; Lee, Choonsik; Chung, Min Suk</p> <p>2008-08-01</p> <p>A Korean voxel model, named 'High-Definition Reference Korean-Man (HDRK-Man)', was constructed using high-resolution color photographic images that were obtained by serially sectioning the cadaver of a 33-year-old Korean <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span>. The body height and weight, the skeletal mass and the dimensions of the individual organs and tissues were adjusted to the reference Korean data. The resulting model was then implemented into a Monte Carlo particle transport code, MCNPX, to calculate the dose conversion coefficients for the internal organs and tissues. The calculated values, overall, were reasonable in comparison with the values from other <span class="hlt">adult</span> voxel models. HDRK-Man showed higher dose conversion coefficients than other models, due to the facts that HDRK-Man has a smaller torso and that the arms of HDRK-Man are shifted backward. The developed model is believed to adequately represent average Korean radiation workers and thus can be used for more accurate calculation of dose conversion coefficients for Korean radiation workers in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4816733','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4816733"><span>Desensitization and Incomplete Recovery of Hepatic Target Genes After Chronic Thyroid Hormone Treatment and Withdrawal in <span class="hlt">Male</span> <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Mice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ohba, Kenji; Singh, Brijesh Kumar; Sinha, Rohit Anthony; Lesmana, Ronny; Liao, Xiao-Hui; Ghosh, Sujoy; Refetoff, Samuel</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Clinical symptoms may vary and not necessarily reflect serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels during acute and chronic hyperthyroidism as well as recovery from hyperthyroidism. We thus examined changes in hepatic gene expression and serum TH/TSH levels in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice treated either with a single T3 (20 μg per 100 g body weight) injection (acute T3) or daily injections for 14 days (chronic T3) followed by 10 days of withdrawal. Gene expression arrays from livers harvested at these time points showed that among positively-regulated target genes, 320 were stimulated acutely and 429 chronically by T3. Surprisingly, only 69 of 680 genes (10.1%) were induced during both periods, suggesting desensitization of the majority of acutely stimulated target genes. About 90% of positively regulated target genes returned to baseline expression levels after 10 days of withdrawal; however, 67 of 680 (9.9%) did not return to baseline despite normalization of serum TH/TSH levels. Similar findings also were observed for negatively regulated target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of representative positively regulated target genes suggested that acetylation of H3K9/K14 was associated with acute stimulation, whereas trimethylation of H3K4 was associated with chronic stimulation. In an in vivo model of chronic intrahepatic hyperthyroidism since birth, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> monocarboxylate transporter-8 knockout mice also demonstrated desensitization of most acutely stimulated target genes that were examined. In summary, we have identified transcriptional desensitization and incomplete recovery of gene expression during chronic hyperthyroidism and recovery. Our findings may be a potential reason for discordance between clinical symptoms and serum TH levels observed in these conditions. PMID:26866609</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3894788','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3894788"><span>Hormonal correlates of <span class="hlt">male</span> life history stages in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jack, Katharine M.; Schoof, Valérie A.M.; Sheller, Claire R.; Rich, Catherine I.; Klingelhofer, Peter P.; Ziegler, Toni E.; Fedigan, Linda</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Much attention has been paid to hormonal variation in relation to <span class="hlt">male</span> dominance status and reproductive seasonality, but we know relatively little about how hormones vary across life history stages. Here we examine fecal testosterone (fT), dihydrotestosterone (fDHT), and glucocorticoid (fGC) profiles across <span class="hlt">male</span> life history stages in wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus). Study subjects included 37 <span class="hlt">males</span> residing in three habituated social groups in the Área de Conservacíon Guanacaste, Costa Rica. <span class="hlt">Male</span> life history stages included infant (0 to <12 months; N = 3), early juvenile (1 to <3 years; N = 10), late juvenile (3 to <6 years; N = 9), subadult (6 to <10 years; N = 8), subordinate <span class="hlt">adult</span> (≥10 years; N = 3), and alpha <span class="hlt">adult</span> (≥ 10 years; N = 4, including one recently deposed alpha). Life history stage was a significant predictor of fT; levels were low throughout the infant and juvenile phases, doubled in subadult and subordinate <span class="hlt">adults</span>, and were highest for alpha <span class="hlt">males</span>. Life history stage was not a significant predictor of fDHT, fDHT:fT, or fGC levels. Puberty in white-faced capuchins appears to begin in earnest during the subadult <span class="hlt">male</span> phase, indicated by the first significant rise in fT. Given their high fT levels and exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics, we argue that alpha <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> represent a distinctive life history stage not experienced by all <span class="hlt">male</span> capuchins. This study is the first to physiologically validate observable <span class="hlt">male</span> life history stages using patterns of hormone excretion in wild Neotropical primates, with evidence for a strong association between fT levels and life history stage. PMID:24184868</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824953','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824953"><span>Homosexual Fellatio: Erect Penis Licking between <span class="hlt">Male</span> Bonin Flying Foxes Pteropus pselaphon.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sugita, Norimasa</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A recent focus of interest has been on the functional significance of genital licking (fellatio and cunnilingus) in relation to sexual selection in Pteropodid bats. In the present paper, a form of fellatio in wild Bonin flying foxes, Pteropus pselaphon, performed between <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> has been reported. During the mating season, <span class="hlt">adult</span> flying foxes roost in same-sex groups, forming ball-shaped clusters which provide warmth. The female clusters may also contain a few <span class="hlt">males</span>. Unassociated with allogrooming, same-sex genital licking occurred among <span class="hlt">males</span> in the all <span class="hlt">male</span> clusters. As such, <span class="hlt">male-male</span> fellatio can be considered as homosexual behavior, two functional explanations could account for this behavior; the social bonding and the social tension regulation hypotheses suggested in a previous review. Given that neither the simpler alternative that in all <span class="hlt">male</span> groups such fellatio may represent misdirected sexual behavior, nor the two previously proposed functional hypotheses were supported by the data, I propose another functional hypothesis. Homosexual fellatio in this species could help <span class="hlt">males</span> solve inconsistent situations in the roost when there are conflicts between cooperative behavior for social thermoregulation and competition for mating.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5100941','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5100941"><span>Homosexual Fellatio: Erect Penis Licking between <span class="hlt">Male</span> Bonin Flying Foxes Pteropus pselaphon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sugita, Norimasa</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A recent focus of interest has been on the functional significance of genital licking (fellatio and cunnilingus) in relation to sexual selection in Pteropodid bats. In the present paper, a form of fellatio in wild Bonin flying foxes, Pteropus pselaphon, performed between <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> has been reported. During the mating season, <span class="hlt">adult</span> flying foxes roost in same-sex groups, forming ball-shaped clusters which provide warmth. The female clusters may also contain a few <span class="hlt">males</span>. Unassociated with allogrooming, same-sex genital licking occurred among <span class="hlt">males</span> in the all <span class="hlt">male</span> clusters. As such, <span class="hlt">male-male</span> fellatio can be considered as homosexual behavior, two functional explanations could account for this behavior; the social bonding and the social tension regulation hypotheses suggested in a previous review. Given that neither the simpler alternative that in all <span class="hlt">male</span> groups such fellatio may represent misdirected sexual behavior, nor the two previously proposed functional hypotheses were supported by the data, I propose another functional hypothesis. Homosexual fellatio in this species could help <span class="hlt">males</span> solve inconsistent situations in the roost when there are conflicts between cooperative behavior for social thermoregulation and competition for mating. PMID:27824953</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sexual+AND+dysfunction&pg=2&id=EJ549156','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sexual+AND+dysfunction&pg=2&id=EJ549156"><span>The Relationship between Childhood Sexual Abuse and <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Sexual Dysfunction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sarwer, David B.; And Others</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>A study of 359 men who sought sexual dysfunction treatment found that childhood sexual abuse did not predict sexual dysfunction in the men. Unemployment was the only significant predictor of <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual dysfunction. Differences between the sexual abuse experiences of the <span class="hlt">male</span> victims compared to female victims (n=73) are discussed. (Author/CR)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19668892','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19668892"><span>Acoustic analysis of normal Saudi <span class="hlt">adult</span> voices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Malki, Khalid H; Al-Habib, Salman F; Hagr, Abulrahman A; Farahat, Mohamed M</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>To determine the acoustic differences between Saudi <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female voices, and to compare the acoustic variables of the Multidimensional Voice Program (MDVP) obtained from North American <span class="hlt">adults</span> to a group of Saudi <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. A cross-sectional survey of normal <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> and female voices was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between March 2007 and December 2008. Ninety-five Saudi subjects sustained the vowel /a/ 6 times, and the steady state portion of 3 samples was analyzed and compared with the samples of the KayPentax normative voice database. Significant differences were found between Saudi and North American KayPentax database groups. In the <span class="hlt">male</span> subjects, 15 of 33 MDVP variables, and 10 of 33 variables in the female subjects were found to be significantly different from the KayPentax database. We conclude that the acoustical differences may reflect laryngeal anatomical or tissue differences between the Saudi and the KayPentax database.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46158','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46158"><span>A self-adjusting expandable GPS collar for <span class="hlt">male</span> elk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Brian L. Dick; Scott L. Findholt; Bruce K. Johnson</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>It is a challenge to use collars on <span class="hlt">male</span> cervids because their neck size can increase substantially during the rut and also because of growth as the animal matures. We describe how to build a self-adjusting expandable collar for yearling or <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) to which very high frequency transmitters and global...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4592940','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4592940"><span>Plasma vitamin D is associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in young <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, but not females, of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Moore, Amy; Hochner, Hagit; Sitlani, Colleen M; Williams, Michelle A; Hoofnagle, Andrew N; de Boer, Ian H; Kestenbaum, Bryan; Siscovick, David S; Friedlander, Yechiel; Enquobahrie, Daniel A</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Objective To examine cross-sectional relationships between plasma vitamin D and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in young <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Design Data were collected from interviews, physical examinations, and biomarker measurements. Total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between 25[OH]D and CMR were modeled using weighted linear regression with robust standard error estimates. Setting Individuals born in Jerusalem during 1974-1976. Subjects Participants of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (n = 1,204) interviewed and examined at age 32 years. Participants were oversampled for low and high birthweight and for maternal pre-pregnancy obesity. Results Mean total 25[OH]D concentration among participants was 21.7 ng/mL (SD 8.9). Among <span class="hlt">males</span>, 25[OH]D was associated with Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (natural log-transformed, β = -0.011, p = 0.004) after adjustment for body mass index. However, these associations were not present among females (p for sex interaction = 0.005). Conclusions We found evidence for inverse associations of 25[OH]D with markers of insulin resistance among <span class="hlt">males</span>, but not females, in a health, young <span class="hlt">adult</span> Caucasian population. Prospective studies and studies conducted on other populations investigating sex specific effects of vitamin D on CMR are warranted. PMID:25145881</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10638721','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10638721"><span>Assessment of body perception among Swedish adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bergström, E; Stenlund, H; Svedjehäll, B</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>To assess body perception in adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> without anorexia nervosa. Using a visual size estimation technique, perceived body size was estimated in four groups of Swedish adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> without anorexia nervosa (86 <span class="hlt">males</span> and 95 females). Perceived body size was estimated at nine different body sites comparing these estimations to real body size. The results show that 95% of <span class="hlt">males</span> and 96% of females overestimated their body size (mean overestimation: <span class="hlt">males</span> +22%, females +33%). The overestimations were greatest in females. The greatest overestimations were made of the waist (<span class="hlt">males</span> +31%, females +46%), buttocks (<span class="hlt">males</span> +22%, females +42%), and thighs (<span class="hlt">males</span> +27%, females +41%). The results indicate that overestimation of body size may be a general phenomenon in adolescents and young <span class="hlt">adults</span> in a country such as Sweden, implying a similar, but less pronounced distortion of body image as in individuals with anorexia nervosa.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28314371','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28314371"><span>Intrauterine Growth Restriction Programs the Hypothalamus of <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Rats: Integrated Analysis of Proteomic and Metabolomic Data.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pedroso, Amanda P; Souza, Adriana P; Dornellas, Ana P S; Oyama, Lila M; Nascimento, Cláudia M O; Santos, Gianni M S; Rosa, José C; Bertolla, Ricardo P; Klawitter, Jelena; Christians, Uwe; Tashima, Alexandre K; Ribeiro, Eliane B</p> <p>2017-04-07</p> <p>Programming of hypothalamic functions regulating energy homeostasis may play a role in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)-induced adulthood obesity. The present study investigated the effects of IUGR on the hypothalamus proteome and metabolome of <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats submitted to 50% protein-energy restriction throughout pregnancy. Proteomic and metabolomic analyzes were performed by data independent acquisition mass spectrometry and multiple reaction monitoring, respectively. At age 4 months, the restricted rats showed elevated adiposity, increased leptin and signs of insulin resistance. 1356 proteins were identified and 348 quantified while 127 metabolites were quantified. The restricted hypothalamus showed down-regulation of 36 proteins and 5 metabolites and up-regulation of 21 proteins and 9 metabolites. Integrated pathway analysis of the proteomics and metabolomics data indicated impairment of hypothalamic glucose metabolism, increased flux through the hexosamine pathway, deregulation of TCA cycle and the respiratory chain, and alterations in glutathione metabolism. The data suggest IUGR modulation of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis in the hypothalamus of <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats. The present results indicated deleterious consequences of IUGR on hypothalamic pathways involved in pivotal physiological functions. These results provide guidance for future mechanistic studies assessing the role of intrauterine malnutrition in the development of metabolic diseases later in life.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25909960','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25909960"><span>Symptoms of muscle dysmorphia, body dysmorphic disorder, and eating disorders in a nonclinical population of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> weightlifters in Australia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nieuwoudt, Johanna E; Zhou, Shi; Coutts, Rosanne A; Booker, Ray</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>The current study aimed to (a) determine the rates of symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (MD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and eating disorder; (b) determine the relationships among symptoms of MD, BDD, and eating disorders; and (c) provide a comprehensive comparison of symptoms of MD, BDD, and eating disorders in a nonclinical population of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> weightlifters in Australia. The participants (N = 648, mean age = 29.5 years, SD = 10.1) participated in an online survey, consisting of Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, and the Eating Attitude Test-26. Results indicated that 110 participants (17%) were at risk of having MD, 69 participants (10.6%) were at risk of having BDD, and 219 participants (33.8%) were at risk of having an eating disorder. Furthermore, 36 participants (5.6%) were found at risk of having both MD and BDD, and 60 participants (9.3%) were at risk of having both MD and an eating disorder. Significant correlations and associations were found between symptoms of MD and BDD, and symptoms of MD and eating disorders. Support was provided for the comorbidity of, and symptomatic similarities between, symptoms of MD and BDD, and symptoms of MD and eating disorders. This may reflect a shared pathogenesis between symptoms of MD, BDD, and eating disorders. Strength and conditioning professionals, exercise scientists, athletic trainers, and personal trainers should be aware that <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> who are working out with weights (i.e., free weights or machines) may be at increased risk of having MD, BDD, and eating disorders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4489586','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4489586"><span>The Energetic Value of Land-Based Foods in Western Hudson Bay and Their Potential to Alleviate Energy Deficits of Starving <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Polar Bears</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gormezano, Linda J.; Rockwell, Robert F.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Climate change is predicted to expand the ice-free season in western Hudson Bay and when it grows to 180 days, 28–48% of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> polar bears are projected to starve unless nutritional deficits can be offset by foods consumed on land. We updated a dynamic energy budget model developed by Molnar et al. to allow influx of additional energy from novel terrestrial foods (lesser snow geese, eggs, caribou) that polar bears currently consume as part of a mixed diet while on land. We calculated the units of each prey, alone and in combination, needed to alleviate these lethal energy deficits under conditions of resting or limited movement (2 km d-1) prior to starvation. We further considered the total energy available from each sex and age class of each animal prey over the period they would overlap land-bound polar bears and calculated the maximum number of starving <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> that could be sustained on each food during the ice-free season. Our results suggest that the net energy from land-based food, after subtracting costs of limited movement to obtain it, could eliminate all projected nutritional deficits of starving <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> polar bears and likely other demographic groups as well. The hunting tactics employed, success rates as well as behavior and abundance of each prey will determine the realized energetic values for individual polar bears. Although climate change may cause a phenological mismatch between polar bears and their historical ice-based prey, it may simultaneously yield a new match with certain land-based foods. If polar bears can transition their foraging behavior to effectively exploit these resources, predictions for starvation-related mortality may be overestimated for western Hudson Bay. We also discuss potential complications with stable-carbon isotope studies to evaluate utilization of land-based foods by polar bears including metabolic effects of capture-related stress and consuming a mixed diet. PMID:26061693</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061693','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061693"><span>The Energetic Value of Land-Based Foods in Western Hudson Bay and Their Potential to Alleviate Energy Deficits of Starving <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Polar Bears.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gormezano, Linda J; Rockwell, Robert F</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Climate change is predicted to expand the ice-free season in western Hudson Bay and when it grows to 180 days, 28-48% of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> polar bears are projected to starve unless nutritional deficits can be offset by foods consumed on land. We updated a dynamic energy budget model developed by Molnar et al. to allow influx of additional energy from novel terrestrial foods (lesser snow geese, eggs, caribou) that polar bears currently consume as part of a mixed diet while on land. We calculated the units of each prey, alone and in combination, needed to alleviate these lethal energy deficits under conditions of resting or limited movement (2 km d-1) prior to starvation. We further considered the total energy available from each sex and age class of each animal prey over the period they would overlap land-bound polar bears and calculated the maximum number of starving <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> that could be sustained on each food during the ice-free season. Our results suggest that the net energy from land-based food, after subtracting costs of limited movement to obtain it, could eliminate all projected nutritional deficits of starving <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> polar bears and likely other demographic groups as well. The hunting tactics employed, success rates as well as behavior and abundance of each prey will determine the realized energetic values for individual polar bears. Although climate change may cause a phenological mismatch between polar bears and their historical ice-based prey, it may simultaneously yield a new match with certain land-based foods. If polar bears can transition their foraging behavior to effectively exploit these resources, predictions for starvation-related mortality may be overestimated for western Hudson Bay. We also discuss potential complications with stable-carbon isotope studies to evaluate utilization of land-based foods by polar bears including metabolic effects of capture-related stress and consuming a mixed diet.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27549306','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27549306"><span>The Puzzle of <span class="hlt">Male</span> Chronophilias.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Seto, Michael C</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In this article, I return to the idea that pedophilia, a sexual interest in prepubescent children, can be considered a sexual orientation for age, in conjunction with the much more widely acknowledged and discussed sexual orientation for gender. Here, I broaden the scope to consider other chronophilias, referring to paraphilias for age/maturity categories other than young sexually mature <span class="hlt">adults</span>. The puzzle of chronophilias includes questions about etiology and course, how chronophilias are related to each other, and what they can tell us about how human (<span class="hlt">male</span>) sexuality is organized. In this article, I briefly review research on nepiophilia (infant/toddlers), pedophilia (prepubescent children), hebephilia (pubescent children), ephebophilia (postpubescent, sexually maturing adolescents), teleiophilia (young sexually mature <span class="hlt">adults</span>, typically 20s and 30s), mesophilia (middle-aged <span class="hlt">adults</span>, typically 40s and 50s), and gerontophilia (elderly <span class="hlt">adults</span>, typically 60s and older) in the context of a multidimensional sexual orientations framework. Relevant research, limitations, and testable hypotheses for future work are identified.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23411049','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23411049"><span>Impact of experimental hypothyroidism on monoamines level in discrete brain regions and other peripheral tissues of young and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hassan, Wafaa A; Aly, Mona S; Rahman, Taghride Abdel; Shahat, Asmaa S</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>The levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in different brain regions as well as in blood plasma, cardiac muscle and adrenal gland of young and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> albino rats were measured following experimentally induced hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism induced by daily oral administration of propylthiouracil (PTU, 5mg/kg body wt) caused a significant reduction in DA levels in most of the tissues examined of both young and <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats after 21 and 28 days, in NE levels after all the time intervals studied in young rats, and after 21 and 28 days in <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats. 5-HT exhibited a significant reduction in the selected brain regions and blood plasma after 21 and 28 days and in cardiac muscle after all the time intervals in the two age groups of animals. It may be suggested that the changes in monoamine levels induced by hypothyroidism may be due to disturbance in the synthesis and release of these amines through the neurons impairment or may be due to an alteration pattern of their synthesizing and/or degradative enzymes. Copyright © 2013 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733109','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733109"><span>Dispersal in the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span>: king penguins show remarkably little population genetic differentiation across their range.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Clucas, Gemma V; Younger, Jane L; Kao, Damian; Rogers, Alex D; Handley, Jonathan; Miller, Gary D; Jouventin, Pierre; Nolan, Paul; Gharbi, Karim; Miller, Karen J; Hart, Tom</p> <p>2016-10-13</p> <p>Seabirds are important components of marine ecosystems, both as predators and as indicators of ecological change, being conspicuous and sensitive to changes in prey abundance. To determine whether fluctuations in population sizes are localised or indicative of large-scale ecosystem change, we must first understand population structure and dispersal. King penguins are long-lived seabirds that occupy a niche across the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> zone close to the Polar Front. Colonies have very different histories of exploitation, population recovery, and expansion. We investigated the genetic population structure and patterns of colonisation of king penguins across their current range using a dataset of 5154 unlinked, high-coverage single nucleotide polymorphisms generated via restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq). Despite breeding at a small number of discrete, geographically separate sites, we find only very slight genetic differentiation among colonies separated by thousands of kilometers of open-ocean, suggesting migration among islands and archipelagos may be common. Our results show that the South Georgia population is slightly differentiated from all other colonies and suggest that the recently founded Falkland Island colony is likely to have been established by migrants from the distant Crozet Islands rather than nearby colonies on South Georgia, possibly as a result of density-dependent processes. The observed subtle differentiation among king penguin colonies must be considered in future conservation planning and monitoring of the species, and demographic models that attempt to forecast extinction risk in response to large-scale climate change must take into account migration. It is possible that migration could buffer king penguins against some of the impacts of climate change where colonies appear panmictic, although it is unlikely to protect them completely given the widespread physical changes projected for their Southern Ocean foraging grounds</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pressure+AND+social&pg=3&id=EJ784030','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pressure+AND+social&pg=3&id=EJ784030"><span>Sociocultural Influences on Body Image Concerns of Young Chinese <span class="hlt">Males</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Jackson, Todd; Chen, Hong</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This research assessed the extent to which sociocultural factors implicated in explanations of weight dissatisfaction among young Western females extend to sources of body image concern in emerging <span class="hlt">adult</span> and adolescent <span class="hlt">males</span> from the People's Republic of China. In Study 1, 219 Mainland Chinese <span class="hlt">male</span> university students completed measures of stature…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20619069','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20619069"><span>Clinical characteristics of older <span class="hlt">male</span> military veterans seeking treatment for erectile dysfunction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Beaudreau, Sherry A; Rideaux, Tiffany; Zeiss, Robert A</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Male</span> sexual dysfunction is a significant international public health issue affecting both middle-aged and older <span class="hlt">adults</span>. To date, however, no studies have compared age differences in psychiatric issues, frequency of sexual activity and treatment recommendations between older and middle-aged <span class="hlt">male</span> military Veterans seeking treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) in the U.S.A. Data were collected between 1982 and 2003 at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Andrology Clinic. The 1,250 participants, aged 22 to 87 years (median = 63), completed a semi-structured interview. Using multiple linear regressions, we examined age differences in five domains: medical and endocrine risk factors; psychiatric and psychosocial risk factors; frequency of sexual behaviors; self-reported and objectively measured erectile function; and treatment recommendations. Compared with middle-aged <span class="hlt">adults</span>, older <span class="hlt">adults</span> were more likely to present for ED treatment with medical risk factors and were more often recommended a vacuum pump treatment. Middle-aged <span class="hlt">male</span> Veterans were more likely to experience psychiatric risk factors for ED and were more sexually active than older Veterans. Despite greater objective erectile ability in middle-aged <span class="hlt">adults</span>, there were no age differences in maximum self-reported erectile functioning. These results provide some evidence of age-related characteristics and treatment needs of <span class="hlt">male</span> patients seeking treatment for sexual dysfunction. We encourage health care professionals working with <span class="hlt">adults</span> across the lifespan to consider ways to individualize psychoeducation and brief psychotherapy for the treatment of ED to the specific needs of the patient, which may vary between middle-aged and older cohorts of patients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6862391','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6862391"><span>Androgenic regulation of chemoinvestigatory behaviors in <span class="hlt">male</span> and female hamsters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Powers, J B; Bergondy, M L</p> <p>1983-03-01</p> <p>In <span class="hlt">male</span> hamsters, chemosensory responsiveness to sexually relevant female odors is facilitated by testosterone (T). Some evidence suggests that this is not a sexually dimorphic response in that <span class="hlt">adult</span> females can respond similarly to <span class="hlt">males</span> following administration of T. This was evaluated and additionally, the hypothesis that facilitation of chemosensory responsiveness by T might be mediated by the conversion of T to aromatized or 5 alpha-reduced metabolites was tested. In 2-min tests, we measured the time <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> or females investigated female hamster vaginal secretion (FHVS). These animals were gonadectomized and administered T, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), or a combination of DHT and E2, by subcutaneous implantation of Silastic capsules. FHVS tests were conducted either 2 and 4 weeks, or 4 and 6 weeks subsequent to gonadectomy and hormone treatment. Comparisons among groups receiving different hormone doses indicated that (1) <span class="hlt">males</span> and females are not equally responsive to the attractant properties of FHVS, and that (2) neither DHT, E2, nor their combination, can duplicate the effects of T in facilitating responsiveness to FHVS in either sex. The copulatory behavior of <span class="hlt">males</span> under the hormone conditions described was also tested and it was found that variations in the rate at which the test <span class="hlt">males</span> sniffed or licked the receptive female's anogenital region correlated with variations in measures of the <span class="hlt">males</span>' sexual performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780596','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780596"><span>Gender role across development in <span class="hlt">adults</span> with 46,XY disorders of sex development including perineoscrotal hypospadias and small phallus raised <span class="hlt">male</span> or female.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pappas, Kara B; Wisniewski, Amy B; Migeon, Claude J</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>Self-rated degree of femininity and masculinity across development were evaluated for 40 <span class="hlt">adults</span> affected by 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSDs) who presented at birth with a small phallus and perineoscrotal hypospadias, raised either <span class="hlt">male</span> (n = 22) or female (n = 18). Most participants were confirmed or presumed to be affected by partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (n = 14), partial gonadal dysgenesis (n = 11), or were considered to have a poorly defined case of 46,XY DSD including ambiguous external genitalia (n = 15). Participants retrospectively evaluated their degree of masculinity and femininity during their childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and in the past 12 months of filling out a questionnaire pertaining to their psychosexual development. Participants raised <span class="hlt">male</span> reported more masculinity than those raised female due to an increase in masculinization during adolescence and adulthood. Participants raised <span class="hlt">male</span> also reported less femininity than those raised female throughout development. Participants raised female reported more femininity than those raised <span class="hlt">male</span> due to an increase in feminization during adolescence and adulthood. Participants raised female also reported less masculinity than those raised <span class="hlt">male</span> throughout development. These data support the proposition that some aspects of gender role (GR), such as masculinity and femininity, are capable of proceeding along female- or <span class="hlt">male</span>-typic patterns depending on sex of rearing among individuals affected by specific types of 46,XY DSD. Furthermore, regardless of <span class="hlt">male</span> or female rearing, GR increasingly corresponds with assigned sex as individuals proceed through sexual maturity and into adulthood. These results are consistent with the idea that socialization/learning contributes to GR development in humans in addition to data from others demonstrating endocrine influences.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DSRI..127...41H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DSRI..127...41H"><span>Habitat associations and distribution of the hyperbenthic shrimp, Nauticaris marionis, around the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Prince Edward Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haley, Craig; von der Meden, Charles; Atkinson, Lara; Reed, Cecile</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The association of organisms with particular habitats and habitat-forming organisms, can strongly influence species distributions, interactions and wider ecosystem services. At the <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> Prince Edward Islands, the caridean shrimp Nauticaris marionis is a principal part of the benthic ecosystem, occurring between ca. 50 m and 600 m. Its role as a trophic link between the primary productivity and higher predators is established, but little is understood of its in situ habitat usage and associations or of how these structure patterns of abundance. We investigated these aspects directly using a benthic camera sled, sampling 27 stations between 50 m and 500 m. Substratum type was characterised, and estimates of percentage cover of the 13 main groups of habitat-forming epibenthic taxa were made, alongside absolute counts of N. marionis within 'digital quadrats' drawn from 300 m transects. The distribution of N. marionis was influenced by depth, substratum type and overall biogenic cover, being limited to habitats between 50 and 160 m depth on mud or gravel substrata only, and having > 50% biogenic cover. The presence/absence of N. marionis related to significantly different epibenthic assemblages (termed biogenic habitats), but this effect was contingent on depth. Likewise, densities of N. marionis were significantly affected by biogenic habitat type, identifying an association with two biogenic habitat groups, one dominated by red-algae, the other by structurally complex bryozoan species. These associations likely relate to the structural complexity of the two habitat groups, rather than the specific taxa involved. The apparent absence of N. marionis at depths > 160 m contrasts with earlier records and poses questions about the trophic importance of the shrimp in deeper habitats.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607694','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607694"><span>Characterization of MHC class I and II genes in a <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> seabird, the blue petrel, Halobaena caerulea (Procellariiformes).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Strandh, Maria; Lannefors, Mimi; Bonadonna, Francesco; Westerdahl, Helena</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>The great polymorphism observed in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is thought to be maintained by pathogen-mediated selection possibly combined with MHC-disassortative mating, guided by MHC-determined olfactory cues. Here, we partly characterize the MHC class I and II B of the blue petrel, Halobaena caerulea (Procellariiformes), a bird with significant olfactory abilities that lives under presumably low pathogen burdens in Subantarctica. Blue petrels are long-lived, monogamous birds which suggest the necessity of an accurate mate choice process. The species is ancestral to songbirds (Passeriformes; many MHC loci), although not to gamefowls (Galliformes; few MHC loci). Considering the phylogenetic relationships and the low <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> pathogen burden, we expected few rather than many MHC loci in the blue petrel. However, when we analysed partial MHC class I and class II B cDNA and gDNA sequences we found evidence for as many as at least eight MHC class I loci and at least two class II B loci. These class I and II B sequences showed classical MHC characteristics, e.g. high nucleotide diversity, especially in putative peptide-binding regions where signatures of positive selection was detected. Trans-species polymorphism was found between MHC class II B sequences of the blue petrel and those of thin-billed prion, Pachyptila belcheri, two species that diverged ∼25 MYA. The observed MHC allele richness in the blue petrel may well serve as a basis for mate choice, especially since olfactory discrimination of MHC types may be possible in this species.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18585003','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18585003"><span>The diagnostic utility of the Rarely Missed Index of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition in detecting response bias in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> incarcerated setting.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>D'Amato, Christopher P; Denney, Robert L</p> <p>2008-09-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to utilize a known-group research design to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the Rarely Missed Index (RMI) of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition [Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Intelligence Test-3rd Edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation] in assessing response bias in an <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> incarcerated setting. Archival data from a sample of 60 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> inmates who presented for neuropsychological testing were reviewed. Evaluees were assigned to one of two groups; probable malingerers (PM; n=30) and a group of valid test responders (n=30) (1999). Using the recommended cut-off score of 136 or less, the sensitivity of the RMI was extremely low at 33%. Its specificity was 83%. The positive predictive power of the RMI with the published base rate of 22.8 was 38%; with a negative predictive power of 81%. The positive predictive power of the RMI with a published base rate of 70.5 was 82%. The negative predictive power using a base rate of 70.5% was 34%. Results of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis indicated that the RMI score with a cut-off 136 or less performed only slightly better than chance in delineating probable malingerers from valid responders in this setting. Overall, the findings suggest that the RMI may not be a reliable index for detecting response bias in this setting and perhaps in similar settings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239933','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239933"><span>Neonatal RU-486 (mifepristone) exposure increases androgen receptor immunoreactivity and sexual behavior in <span class="hlt">male</span> rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Forbes-Lorman, Robin; Auger, Anthony P; Auger, Catherine J</p> <p>2014-01-16</p> <p>Progesterone and progestin receptors (PRs) are known to play a role in the development of brain physiology and behavior in many different species. The distribution and regulation of PRs within the developing brain suggest that they likely contribute to the organization of the brain and behavior in a sex-specific manner. We examined the role of PR signaling during development on the organization of <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual behavior and androgen receptor (AR) expression in the brain. We administered the PR antagonist, RU-486, subcutaneously to <span class="hlt">male</span> and female rats on postnatal days 1-7 (0=day of birth) and examined <span class="hlt">adult</span> sexual behavior and AR-immunoreactivity (AR-ir) in the <span class="hlt">adult</span> brain. A typical sex difference in lordosis quotient (LQ) was observed and neonatal RU-486 treatment did not alter this behavior. In contrast, neonatal RU-486 treatment increased <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior and AR-ir in several brain areas in <span class="hlt">males</span>. These data indicate that a transient disruption in PR signaling during development can have lasting consequences on the <span class="hlt">male</span> brain and may increase <span class="hlt">male</span> sexual behavior in part by increasing AR expression, and therefore androgen sensitivity, in adulthood. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222446','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222446"><span>Females roam while <span class="hlt">males</span> patrol: divergence in breeding season movements of pack-ice polar bears (Ursus maritimus).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Laidre, Kristin L; Born, Erik W; Gurarie, Eliezer; Wiig, Øystein; Dietz, Rune; Stern, Harry</p> <p>2013-02-07</p> <p>Intraspecific differences in movement behaviour reflect different tactics used by individuals or sexes to favour strategies that maximize fitness. We report movement data collected from n = 23 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> polar bears with novel ear-attached transmitters in two separate pack ice subpopulations over five breeding seasons. We compared movements with n = 26 concurrently tagged <span class="hlt">adult</span> females, and analysed velocities, movement tortuosity, range sizes and habitat selection with respect to sex, reproductive status and body mass. There were no differences in 4-day displacements or sea ice habitat selection for sex or population. By contrast, <span class="hlt">adult</span> females in all years and both populations had significantly more linear movements and significantly larger breeding range sizes than <span class="hlt">males</span>. We hypothesized that differences were related to encounter rates, and used observed movement metrics to parametrize a simulation model of <span class="hlt">male-male</span> and <span class="hlt">male</span>-female encounter. The simulation showed that the more tortuous movement of <span class="hlt">males</span> leads to significantly longer times to <span class="hlt">male-male</span> encounter, while having little impact on <span class="hlt">male</span>-female encounter. By contrast, linear movements of females are consistent with a prioritized search for sparsely distributed prey. These results suggest a possible mechanism for explaining the smaller breeding range sizes of some solitary <span class="hlt">male</span> carnivores compared to females.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519504','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519504"><span>A <span class="hlt">male</span>-predominant cuticular hydrocarbon, 7-methyltricosane, is used as a contact pheromone in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Olaniran, Oladele A; Sudhakar, Akella V S; Drijfhout, Falko P; Dublon, Ian A N; Hall, David R; Hamilton, James G C; Kirk, William D J</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>In a laboratory bioassay, <span class="hlt">adult</span> female Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) spent more time near filter paper disks that had been exposed to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> than near unexposed disks; this effect was not observed on disks exposed to <span class="hlt">adult</span> females. The response could only partly be explained by the known <span class="hlt">male</span>-produced aggregation pheromone, neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, suggesting the presence of an unknown <span class="hlt">male</span>-produced compound. In gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, 7-methyltricosane was detected on disks exposed to <span class="hlt">males</span>, but not on disks exposed to females. Extracts of cuticular lipids also showed relatively large amounts of 7-methyltricosane on <span class="hlt">males</span>, whereas only trace amounts were found on females and none on larvae. Bioassays of synthetic 7-methyltricosane showed that <span class="hlt">adults</span> responded only after contact. The response to this compound was clearly different from that to n-tricosane or hexane-only controls. Females that contacted 7-methyltricosane on glass beads stayed in the vicinity and frequently raised the abdomen, a behavior that rejects mating attempts by <span class="hlt">males</span>. <span class="hlt">Males</span> stayed in the vicinity and wagged the abdomen sideways, a behavior used in fighting between <span class="hlt">males</span>. This is the first identification of a contact pheromone in the order Thysanoptera.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27417426','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27417426"><span>Maternal exposure to a mixture of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) causes reproductive dysfunction in <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mouse offspring.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fiandanese, Nadia; Borromeo, Vitaliano; Berrini, Anna; Fischer, Bernd; Schaedlich, Kristina; Schmidt, Juliane-Susanne; Secchi, Camillo; Pocar, Paola</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>We investigated the effects of maternal exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the organic industrial compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), singly and combined, on the reproductive function of <span class="hlt">male</span> mouse offspring. Mice dams were exposed throughout pregnancy and lactation to 1μg PCBs (101+118)/kg/day, 50μg DEHP/kg/day, or the DEHP/PCB mixture in the diet. The mixture induced permanent alterations in <span class="hlt">adult</span> F1 <span class="hlt">males</span>' reproductive health in a way, differently from the single compounds. Depending on the endpoint, we observed: (1) synergy in altering the gross and histological morphology of the testis; (2) antagonism on the expression levels of genes involved in pituitary-gonadal cross-talk; (3) non-interactions on sperm parameters and testosterone production. This study illustrates the complex action of a DEHP/PCB mixture, leading to a unique panel of effects on the <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive system, indicating the need for research on the reproductive hazards of combined endocrine disruptors. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688563','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688563"><span>Prenatal Exposure to DEHP Induces Neuronal Degeneration and Neurobehavioral Abnormalities in <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">Male</span> Mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barakat, Radwa; Lin, Po-Ching; Park, Chan Jin; Best-Popescu, Catherine; Bakery, Hatem H; Abosalum, Mohamed E; Abdelaleem, Nabila M; Flaws, Jodi A; Ko, CheMyong</p> <p>2018-04-23</p> <p>Phthalates are a family of synthetic chemicals that are used in producing a variety of consumer products. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an widely used phthalate and poses a public health concern. Prenatal exposure to DEHP has been shown to induce premature reproductive senescence in animal studies. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to DEHP impairs neurobehavior and recognition memory in her <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring and we investigated one possible mechanism-oxidative damage in the hippocampus. Pregnant CD-1 female mice were orally administered 200μg, 500mg, or 750mg/kg/day DEHP or vehicle from gestational day 11 until birth. The neurobehavioral impact of the prenatal DEHP exposure was assessed at the ages of 16 to 22 months. Elevated plus maze and open field tests were used to measure anxiety levels. Y-maze and novel object recognition tests were employed to measure memory function. The oxidative damage in the hippocampus was measured by the levels of oxidative DNA damage and by SLIM microscopic counting of hippocampal neurons. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice that were prenatally exposed to DEHP exhibited anxious behaviors and impaired spatial and short-term recognition memory. The number of hippocampal pyramidal neurons was significantly decreased in the DEHP mice. Furthermore, DEHP mice expressed remarkably high levels of cyclooxygenase-2, 8-hydroxyguanine, and thymidine glycol in their hippocampal neurons. DEHP mice also had lower circulating testosterone concentrations and displayed a weaker immunoreactivity than the control mice to androgen receptor expression in the brain. This study found that prenatal exposure to DEHP caused elevated anxiety behavior and impaired recognition memory. These behavioral changes may originate from neurodegeneration caused by oxidative damage and inflammation in the hippocampus. Decreased circulating testosterone concentrations and decreased expression of androgen receptor in the brain also may be factors contributing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70145178','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70145178"><span>Females exceed <span class="hlt">males</span> in mercury concentrations of burbot Lota lota</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Madenjian, Charles P.; Stapanian, Martin A.; Cott, Peter A.; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Edwards, William; Ogilvie, Lynn M.; Mychek-Londer, Justin G.; DeWild, John F.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Examination of differences in contaminant concentrations between sexes of fish, across several fish species, may reveal clues for important behavioral and physiological differences between the sexes. We determined whole-fish total mercury (Hg) concentrations of 25 <span class="hlt">male</span> and 25 female <span class="hlt">adult</span> burbot Lota lota captured in Lake Erie during summer 2011, and of 14 <span class="hlt">male</span> and 18 female <span class="hlt">adult</span> burbot captured in Great Slave Lake (Northwest Territories, Canada) during winter 2013. On average, females were 22 % greater in Hg concentration than <span class="hlt">males</span>. This difference was probably not due to a greater feeding rate by females, because results from previous studies based on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) determinations of these same burbot indicated that <span class="hlt">males</span> fed at a substantially greater rate than females. Based on our determinations of Hg concentrations in the gonads and somatic tissue of five ripe females and five ripe <span class="hlt">males</span>, this difference was not attributable to changes in Hg concentration immediately after spawning due to release of gametes. Further, bioenergetics modeling results from previous studies indicated that growth dilution would not explain any portion of this observed difference in Hg concentrations between the sexes. We, therefore, conclude that this difference was most likely due to a substantially faster rate of Hg elimination by <span class="hlt">males</span> compared with females. <span class="hlt">Male</span> burbot exhibit among the greatest gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) of all <span class="hlt">male</span> fishes, with their testes accounting for between 10 and 15 % of their body weight when the fish are in ripe condition. Androgens have been linked to enhanced Hg elimination rates in other vertebrates. If androgen production is positively related to GSI, then <span class="hlt">male</span> burbot would be expected to have among the greatest androgen levels of all fishes. Thus, we hypothesize that <span class="hlt">male</span> burbot eliminate Hg from their bodies faster than most other <span class="hlt">male</span> fishes, and this explains the greater Hg concentration in females compared with <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536095','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536095"><span>Central dopamine D2 receptors regulate growth-hormone-dependent body growth and pheromone signaling to conspecific <span class="hlt">males</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Noaín, Daniela; Pérez-Millán, M Inés; Bello, Estefanía P; Luque, Guillermina M; Casas Cordero, Rodrigo; Gelman, Diego M; Peper, Marcela; Tornadu, Isabel García; Low, Malcolm J; Becú-Villalobos, Damasia; Rubinstein, Marcelo</p> <p>2013-03-27</p> <p>Competition between <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> for limited resources such as food and receptive females is shaped by the <span class="hlt">male</span> pattern of pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion that determines body size and the production of urinary pheromones involved in <span class="hlt">male-to-male</span> aggression. In the brain, dopamine (DA) provides incentive salience to stimuli that predict the availability of food and sexual partners. Although the importance of the GH axis and central DA neurotransmission in social dominance and fitness is clearly appreciated, the two systems have always been studied unconnectedly. Here we conducted a cell-specific genetic dissection study in conditional mutant mice that selectively lack DA D2 receptors (D2R) from pituitary lactotropes (lacDrd2KO) or neurons (neuroDrd2KO). Whereas lacDrd2KO mice developed a normal GH axis, neuroDrd2KO mice displayed fewer somatotropes; reduced hypothalamic Ghrh expression, pituitary GH content, and serum IGF-I levels; and exhibited reduced body size and weight. As a consequence of a GH axis deficit, neuroDrd2KO <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> excreted low levels of major urinary proteins and their urine failed to promote aggression and territorial behavior in control <span class="hlt">male</span> challengers, in contrast to the urine taken from control <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>. These findings reveal that central D2Rs mediate a neuroendocrine-exocrine cascade that controls the maturation of the GH axis and downstream signals that are critical for fitness, social dominance, and competition between <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fowler&pg=7&id=ED225052','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fowler&pg=7&id=ED225052"><span>The Faith Development of Selected <span class="hlt">Adult</span> Couples.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Gorman, Margaret</p> <p></p> <p>Theories and studies of <span class="hlt">adult</span> development are largely confined to <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> career development and ignore a moral or faith dimension of <span class="hlt">adult</span> development. To determine the faith and moral dimension of <span class="hlt">adult</span> couples, three hypotheses were examined, i.e.,: (1) religion is a significant dimension in their consciousness; (2) the family is integrally…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3562087','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3562087"><span>Epigenetic Transgenerational Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on <span class="hlt">Male</span> Reproduction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Guerrero-Bosagna, Carlos M.; Skinner, Michael K.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals generally function as steroid receptor signaling antagonists or agonists that influence development to promote <span class="hlt">adult</span>-onset disease. Exposure to the endocrine disruptors during the initiation of <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive tract development interferes with the normal hormonal signaling and formation of <span class="hlt">male</span> reproductive organs. In particular, exposure to the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin promotes transgenerational transmission of <span class="hlt">adult</span>-onset disease states such as <span class="hlt">male</span> infertility, increased frequencies of tumors, prostate disease, kidney diseases, and immune abnormalities that develop as <span class="hlt">males</span> age. An epigenetic change in the germ line would be involved in the transgenerational transmission of these induced phenotypes. Nevertheless, other studies have also reported transgenerational transmission of induced epigenetic changes, without altering the germ line. Here we propose a nomenclature to help clarify both cases of transgenerational epigenetic transmission. An intrinsic epigenetic transgenerational process would require a germ-line involvement, a permanent alteration in the germ cell epigenome, and only one exposure to the environmental factor. An extrinsic epigenetic transgenerational process would involve an epigenetic alteration in a somatic tissue and require exposure at each generation to maintain the transgenerational phenotype. PMID:19711250</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5694469','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5694469"><span>Attractiveness Modulates Neural Processing of Infant Faces Differently in <span class="hlt">Males</span> and Females</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yin, Lijun; Fan, Mingxia; Lin, Lijia; Sun, Delin; Wang, Zhaoxin</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Consistent attention and proper processing of infant faces by <span class="hlt">adults</span> are essential for infant survival. Previous behavioral studies showed gender differences in processing infant cues (e.g., crying, laughing or facial attractiveness) and more importantly, the efforts invested in nurturing offspring. The underlying neural mechanisms of processing unknown infant faces provide hints for understanding behavioral differences. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study recruited 32 unmarried <span class="hlt">adult</span> (16 females and 16 <span class="hlt">males</span>) participants to view unfamiliar infant faces and rate the attractiveness. <span class="hlt">Adult</span> faces were also included. Behaviorally, despite that females and <span class="hlt">males</span> showed no differences in attractiveness ratings of infant faces, a positive correlation was found between female’s (but not male’s) subjective liking for infants and attractiveness ratings of the infant faces. Functionally, brain activations to infant faces were modulated by attractiveness differently in <span class="hlt">males</span> and females. Specifically, in female participants, activities in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatum/Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) were positively modulated by infant facial attractiveness, and the modulation coefficients of these two regions were positively correlated. In <span class="hlt">male</span> participants, infant facial attractiveness negatively modulated the activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Our findings reveal that different neural mechanisms are involved in the processing of infant faces, which might lead to observed behavioral differences between <span class="hlt">males</span> and females towards the baby. PMID:29184490</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5476241','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5476241"><span>Effects of salinity on gonadal development, osmoregulation and metabolism of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhao, Lei; Ye, Haihui; Cheng, Yongxu; Zeng, Chaoshu</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>As a catadromous species, salinity is a key parameter that affects gonadal development of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis during reproductive migration. It is however unclear the effects of salinity on the gonadal development of <span class="hlt">male</span> E. sinensis as well as their physiological responses to salinity during reproductive migration. This study investigated the effects of four salinities (0 ‰, 6 ‰, 12 ‰ and 18 ‰) on gonadal development, osmoregulation and metabolism of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> E. sinensis over a 40-day period. The results showed that elevating salinity promote gonadal development, increase hemolymph osmolality and K+ and Mg2+ concentrations (P < 0.05). The 12 ‰ salinity resulted in the highest contents of taurine and arginine in the hemolymph while the highest contents of threonine, phenylalanine, lysine, ß-alanine, tryptophan, ornithine and total free amino acids were found for 0 ‰ treatment (P < 0.05). A decreasing trend was detected for the Na+/K+-ATPase activity and its mRNA expression level in the posterior gills with salinity (P < 0.05). Total saturated fatty acids in the anterior gills decreased with increasing salinity (P < 0.05); the 0 ‰ treatment had the highest total polyunsaturated fatty acids in the posterior gills while total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with salinity (P < 0.05). The hemolymph glucose and uric acid showed a decreasing trend as salinity while an increasing trend was found for the hemolymph triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). The 12 ‰ treatment had the highest levels of hemolymph malonaldehyde and hepatopancreatic γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that the brackish water promote gonadal development of <span class="hlt">male</span> E. sinensis, and increase osmolality and ionic concentrations in hemolymph while reduced the activity of Na+ /K+- ATPase and its mRNA expression in the posterior gills as well as metabolism. PMID:28628611</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687717-high-feather-mercury-concentrations-wandering-albatross-related-sex-breeding-status-trophic-ecology-demographic-consequences','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687717-high-feather-mercury-concentrations-wandering-albatross-related-sex-breeding-status-trophic-ecology-demographic-consequences"><span>High feather mercury concentrations in the wandering albatross are related to sex, breeding status and trophic ecology with no demographic consequences</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bustamante, Paco, E-mail: pbustama@univ-lr.fr; Carravieri, Alice; Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé</p> <p></p> <p>Hg can affect physiology of seabirds and ultimately their demography, particularly if they are top consumers. In the present study, body feathers of >200 wandering albatrosses from Possession Island in the Crozet archipelago were used to explore the potential demographic effects of the long-term exposure to Hg on an apex predator. Variations of Hg with sex, age class, foraging habitat (inferred from δ{sup 13}C values), and feeding habits (inferred from δ{sup 15}N values) were examined as well as the influence of Hg on current breeding output, long-term fecundity and survival. Wandering albatrosses displayed among the highest Hg feather concentrations reportedmore » for seabirds, ranging from 5.9 to 95 µg g{sup −1}, as a consequence of their high trophic position (δ{sup 15}N values). These concentrations fall within the same range of those of other wandering albatross populations from <span class="hlt">subantarctic</span> sites, suggesting that this species has similar exposure to Hg all around the Southern Ocean. In both immature and <span class="hlt">adult</span> albatrosses, females had higher Hg concentrations than <span class="hlt">males</span> (28 vs. 20 µg g{sup −1} dw on average, respectively), probably as a consequence of females foraging at lower latitudes than <span class="hlt">males</span> (δ{sup 13}C values). Hg concentrations were higher in immature than in <span class="hlt">adult</span> birds, and they remained fairly constant across a wide range of ages in <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Such high levels in immature individuals question (i) the frequency of moult in young birds, (ii) the efficiency of Hg detoxification processes in immatures compared to <span class="hlt">adults</span>, and (iii) importantly the potential detrimental effects of Hg in early life. Despite very high Hg concentrations in their feathers, neither effects on <span class="hlt">adults</span>' breeding probability, hatching failure and fledgling failure, nor on <span class="hlt">adults</span>' survival rate were detected, suggesting that long-term bioaccumulated Hg was not under a chemical form leading to deleterious effects on reproductive parameters in <span class="hlt">adult</span> individuals. - Highlights</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4125435','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4125435"><span>Altered gene expression and spine density in nucleus accumbens of adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice exposed to emotional and physical stress</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Warren, Brandon L; Sial, Omar K.; Alcantara, Lyonna F.; Greenwood, Maria A.; Brewer, Jacob S.; Rozofsky, John P.; Parise, Eric M.; Bolaños-Guzmán, Carlos A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Stressful early life experiences are implicated in lifelong health. However, little is known about the consequences of emotional or physical stress on neurobiology. Therefore, the following set of experiments was designed to assess changes in transcription and translation of key proteins within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). <span class="hlt">Male</span> adolescent (postnatal day [PD] 35) or <span class="hlt">adult</span> (eight-week old) mice were exposed to emotional (ES) or physical stress (PS) using a vicarious social defeat paradigm. Twenty-four hours after the last stress session, we measured levels of specific mRNAs and proteins within the NAc. Spine density was also assessed in separate groups of mice. Exposure to ES or PS disrupted ERK2, reduced transcription of ΔFosB, and had no effect on CREB mRNA. Western blots revealed that exposure to ES or PS decreased ERK2 phosphorylation in adolescents, whereas the same stress regimen increased ERK2 phosphorylation in <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Exposure to ES or PS had no effect on ΔFosB or CREB phosphorylation. ES and PS increased spine density in the NAc of adolescent-exposed mice, but only exposure to PS increased spine density in <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Together, these findings demonstrate that exposure to ES or PS is a potent stressor in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> mice, and can disturb the integrity of the NAc by altering transcription and translation of important signaling molecules in an age-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to ES and PS induces substantial synaptic plasticity of the NAc. PMID:24943326</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7951403','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7951403"><span>Dietary exposure to aflatoxin in human <span class="hlt">male</span> infertility in Benin City, Nigeria.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ibeh, I N; Uraih, N; Ogonar, J I</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>To discover the relationship between aflatoxin levels, if any, in serum of infertile men in comparison with random controls from the community. In a parallel experiment, <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats were given an aflatoxin-contaminated diet. 100 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, yielding 50 semen samples, from men attending Infertility Clinics at a university teaching hospital and 50 normal men in the same community. The staple foods of the men were assayed for aflatoxin content. The rats were given the aflatoxin-rich diet, and their spermatozoa were examined and their ability to reproduce assessed. A random sampling of semen from 100 <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span> comprising 50 samples drawn from infertile men and 50 drawn from normal individuals within the same community revealed the presence of aflatoxins in 20 semen samples from the infertile group (40.0%) and four samples from the fertile group (8.0%). The mean aflatoxin concentrations were 1.660 +/- 0.04 micrograms/mL (infertile men) and 1.041 +/- 0.01 micrograms/mL (fertile men). Infertile men with aflatoxin in their semen showed a higher percentage of spermatozoal abnormality (50.0%) than the fertile men (10.0-15.0%). Dietary exposure of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> Albino rats to aflatoxin (8.5 micrograms AF1/g of Guinea growers feed for 14 days) produced deleterious effects on the spermatozoa of the affected rats, producing features that resemble those seen in semen of infertile men exposed to aflatoxin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20721952-male-mediated-developmental-toxicity','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20721952-male-mediated-developmental-toxicity"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span>-mediated developmental toxicity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Anderson, Diana</p> <p>2005-09-01</p> <p>In recent years, the public has become more aware that exposure of <span class="hlt">males</span> to certain agents can adversely affect their offspring and cause infertility and cancer. The hazards associated with exposure to ionising radiation have been recognised for nearly a century, but interest was aroused when a cluster of leukaemia cases was identified in young children living in Seascale, close to the nuclear processing plant at Sellafield in West Cumbria. There was a civil court case on behalf of two of the alleged victims of paternal irradiation at Seascale against British Nuclear Fuels. The case foundered on 'the balance ofmore » probabilities'. Nevertheless, there was support for paternal exposure from Japanese experimental X-ray studies in mice. The tumours were clearly heritable as shown by F2 transmission. Also, effects of a relatively non-toxic dose of radiation (1Gy) on cell proliferation transmitted to the embryo were manifested in the germ line of <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> mice even after two generations. In addition in humans, smoking fathers appear to give rise to tumours in the F{sub 1} generation. Using rodent models, developmental abnormalities/congenital malformations and tumours can be studied after exposure of <span class="hlt">males</span> in an extended dominant lethal assay and congenital malformations can be determined which have similar manifestations in humans. The foetuses can also be investigated for skeletal malformations and litters can be allowed to develop to adulthood when tumours, if present, can be observed. Karyotype analysis can be performed on foetuses and <span class="hlt">adult</span> offspring to determine if induced genetic damage can be transmitted. Using this study design, cyclophosphamide, 1,3-butadiene and urethane have been examined and each compound produced positive responses: cyclophosphamide in all endpoints examined, 1,3-butadiene in some and urethane only produced liver tumours in F{sub 1} <span class="hlt">male</span> offspring. This suggests the endpoints are determined by independent genetic events. The results</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923819','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923819"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> fighting and "territoriality" within colonies of the ant Cardiocondyla venustula.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frohschammer, Sabine; Heinze, Jürgen</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The ant genus Cardiocondyla is characterized by a bizarre <span class="hlt">male</span> polymorphism with wingless fighter <span class="hlt">males</span> and winged disperser <span class="hlt">males</span>. Winged <span class="hlt">males</span> have been lost convergently in several clades, and in at least one of them, wingless <span class="hlt">males</span> have evolved mutual tolerance. To better understand the evolutionary pathways of reproductive tactics, we investigated Cardiocondyla venustula, a species, which in a phylogenetic analysis clusters with species with fighting and species with mutually tolerant, wingless <span class="hlt">males</span>. Wingless <span class="hlt">males</span> of C. venustula use their strong mandibles to kill freshly eclosed rival <span class="hlt">males</span> and also engage in short fights with other <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, but in addition show a novel behavior hitherto not reported from social insect <span class="hlt">males</span>: they spread out in the natal nest and defend "territories" against other <span class="hlt">males</span>. Ant <span class="hlt">males</span> therefore show a much larger variety of reproductive tactics than previously assumed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009NW.....96..159F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009NW.....96..159F"><span><span class="hlt">Male</span> fighting and ``territoriality'' within colonies of the ant Cardiocondyla venustula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frohschammer, Sabine; Heinze, Jürgen</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The ant genus Cardiocondyla is characterized by a bizarre <span class="hlt">male</span> polymorphism with wingless fighter <span class="hlt">males</span> and winged disperser <span class="hlt">males</span>. Winged <span class="hlt">males</span> have been lost convergently in several clades, and in at least one of them, wingless <span class="hlt">males</span> have evolved mutual tolerance. To better understand the evolutionary pathways of reproductive tactics, we investigated Cardiocondyla venustula, a species, which in a phylogenetic analysis clusters with species with fighting and species with mutually tolerant, wingless <span class="hlt">males</span>. Wingless <span class="hlt">males</span> of C. venustula use their strong mandibles to kill freshly eclosed rival <span class="hlt">males</span> and also engage in short fights with other <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">males</span>, but in addition show a novel behavior hitherto not reported from social insect <span class="hlt">males</span>: they spread out in the natal nest and defend “territories” against other <span class="hlt">males</span>. Ant <span class="hlt">males</span> therefore show a much larger variety of reproductive tactics than previously assumed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15683175','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15683175"><span>Mercury concentrations in king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) feathers at Crozet Islands (<span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span>): temporal trend between 1966--1974 and 2000--2001.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scheifler, Renaud; Gauthier-Clerc, Michel; Le Bohec, Céline; Crini, Nadia; Coeurdassier, Michaël; Badot, Pierre-Marie; Giraudoux, Patrick; Le Maho, Yvon</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Remote <span class="hlt">sub-Antarctic</span> islands and their wildlife may be contaminated by mercury via atmospheric and oceanic currents. Because of mercury's high toxicity and its capacity to be biomagnified in marine food chains, top predators like seabirds may be threatened by secondary poisoning. The present study provides data regarding mercury concentrations in breast feathers sampled in 2000 and 2001 on king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) living at Crozet Islands. These contemporary concentrations were compared to those measured in feathers of king penguins sampled in the same colony between 1966 and 1974 and preserved in a museum (1970s sample). The average concentration of the contemporary sample is 1.98 microg g(-1) (dry mass) and is significantly different than the concentrations reported in some other penguin species. The concentration of the contemporary sample is significantly lower than the concentration of the 1970s sample (2.66 microg g(-1)). This suggests that mercury concentrations in southern hemisphere seabirds do not increase, which conflicts with the trends observed in the northern hemisphere. This difference in temporal trends between the northern and southern hemispheres usually is attributed mainly to a higher degree of pollutant emission in the northern hemisphere. Parameters that may explain the interspecies differences in mercury concentrations are discussed. These first results may constitute a basis for further ecotoxicological and/or biomonitoring studies of king penguins in these remote ecosystems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=single+AND+sex+AND+gender+AND+stereotypes&pg=6&id=ED197833','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=single+AND+sex+AND+gender+AND+stereotypes&pg=6&id=ED197833"><span>The Effects of Sex-Labelling on <span class="hlt">Adult</span>-Infant Interactions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Armstrong, Suzy; Karr-Kidwell, PJ</p> <p></p> <p>The influence of sex-labelling on <span class="hlt">adult</span>-infant interactions is explored in this study. It is hypothesized that, when introduced to a single infant identified as either <span class="hlt">male</span> or female, <span class="hlt">adults</span> will (1) offer more masculine sex-stereotyped toys to the infant perceived to be <span class="hlt">male</span>; (2) offer more feminine sex-stereotyped toys to the infant perceived to…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Missiles&pg=2&id=EJ859458','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Missiles&pg=2&id=EJ859458"><span>Nonparticipatory Stiffness in the <span class="hlt">Male</span> Perioral Complex</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Chu, Shin-Ying; Barlow, Steven M.; Lee, Jaehoon</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Purpose: The objective of this study was to extend previous published findings in the authors' laboratory using a new automated technology to quantitatively characterize nonparticipatory perioral stiffness in healthy <span class="hlt">male</span> <span class="hlt">adults</span>. Method: Quantitative measures of perioral stiffness were sampled during a nonparticipatory task using a…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4965876','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4965876"><span>Acquisition of i.v. cocaine self-administration in adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> <span class="hlt">male</span> rats selectively bred for high and low saccharin intake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Perry, Jennifer L.; Anderson, Marissa M.; Nelson, Sarah E.; Carroll, Marilyn E.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Adolescence and excessive intake of saccharin have each been previously associated with enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between these two factors using <span class="hlt">male</span> adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> rats bred for high (HiS) and low (LoS) levels of saccharin intake. On postnatal day 25 (adolescents) or 150 (<span class="hlt">adults</span>), rats were implanted with an intravenous catheter and trained to self-administer cocaine (0.4 mg/kg) using an autoshaping procedure that consisted of two 6-h sessions. In the first 6 h, rats were given noncontingent cocaine infusions at random intervals 10 times per hour, and during the second 6-h session, rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine under a fixed ratio 1 (FR 1) lever-response contingency. Acquisition was defined as a total of at least 250 infusions over 5 consecutive days, and rats were given 30 days to meet the acquisition criterion. Subsequently, saccharin intake was determined by comparing 24-h saccharin and water consumption in two-bottle tests. Adolescent LoS rats had a faster rate of acquisition of cocaine self-administration than <span class="hlt">adult</span> LoS rats; however, adolescent and <span class="hlt">adult</span> HiS rats acquired at the same rate. Both HiS and LoS adolescents had significantly higher saccharin preference scores than HiS and LoS <span class="hlt">adults</span>, respectively. Additionally, saccharin score was negatively correlated with the number of days to meet the acquisition criterion for cocaine self-administration, but this was mostly accounted for by the HiS adolescents. These results suggest that during adolescence, rats have both an increased avidity for sweets and vulnerability to initiate drug abuse compared with adulthood. PMID:17360010</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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