17 CFR 5.5 - Distribution of “Risk Disclosure Statement” by retail foreign exchange dealers, futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... brokers regarding retail forex transactions. 5.5 Section 5.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY... brokers regarding retail forex transactions. (a) Except as provided in § 5.23 of this part, no retail... introducing broker, may open an account that will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex...

17 CFR 5.5 - Distribution of “Risk Disclosure Statement” by retail foreign exchange dealers, futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... brokers regarding retail forex transactions. 5.5 Section 5.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY... brokers regarding retail forex transactions. (a) Except as provided in § 5.23 of this part, no retail... introducing broker, may open an account that will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex...

17 CFR 5.5 - Distribution of “Risk Disclosure Statement” by retail foreign exchange dealers, futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... brokers regarding retail forex transactions. 5.5 Section 5.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY... brokers regarding retail forex transactions. (a) Except as provided in § 5.23 of this part, no retail... introducing broker, may open an account that will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex...

75 FR 55409 - Regulation of Off-Exchange Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions and Intermediaries

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... currency with members of the retail public (i.e., ``retail forex transactions''). The new regulations and... in detail the historical background of the regulation of retail forex transactions, and the events... between forex firms and retail customers on the other hand.\\5\\ \\3\\ Regulation of Off-Exchange Retail...

17 CFR 5.6 - Maintenance of minimum financial requirements by retail foreign exchange dealers and futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... engaging in retail forex transactions. 5.6 Section 5.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES... forex transactions. (a) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex... engage in retail forex transactions and each person registered as a retail foreign exchange dealer or who...

17 CFR 5.6 - Maintenance of minimum financial requirements by retail foreign exchange dealers and futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... engaging in retail forex transactions. 5.6 Section 5.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES... forex transactions. (a) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex... engage in retail forex transactions and each person registered as a retail foreign exchange dealer or who...

17 CFR 5.6 - Maintenance of minimum financial requirements by retail foreign exchange dealers and futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... engaging in retail forex transactions. 5.6 Section 5.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES... forex transactions. (a) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex... engage in retail forex transactions and each person registered as a retail foreign exchange dealer or who...

76 FR 41676 - Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... with persons who are not ``eligible contract participants'' (commonly referred to as ``retail forex... temporary Rule 15b12-1T to allow a registered broker-dealer to engage in a retail forex business until July... forex transactions. DATES: Effective Date: Rule 15b12-1T is effective on July 15, 2011 and will remain...

76 FR 56103 - Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions; Conforming Changes to Existing Regulations in Response to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-12

... off-exchange foreign currency transactions with members of the retail public (i.e., retail forex... various provisions of the CEA as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act with respect to retail forex transactions... counterparty to a retail forex transaction under CEA Section 2(c)(2)(B) (``permitted counterparty''), which...

17 CFR 5.13 - Reporting to customers of retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission merchants...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... exchange dealer or futures commission merchant must promptly furnish in writing to each retail forex... once every three months, a statement which clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses...

17 CFR 5.13 - Reporting to customers of retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission merchants...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... exchange dealer or futures commission merchant must promptly furnish in writing to each retail forex... once every three months, a statement which clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses...

17 CFR 5.13 - Reporting to customers of retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission merchants...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... exchange dealer or futures commission merchant must promptly furnish in writing to each retail forex... once every three months, a statement which clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses...

17 CFR 5.7 - Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.7 Section 5.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... exchange dealers and futures commission merchants offering or engaging in retail forex transactions. (a)(1)(i) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex transactions and each...

17 CFR 5.7 - Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.7 Section 5.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... exchange dealers and futures commission merchants offering or engaging in retail forex transactions. (a)(1)(i) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex transactions and each...

17 CFR 5.7 - Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.7 Section 5.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... exchange dealers and futures commission merchants offering or engaging in retail forex transactions. (a)(1)(i) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex transactions and each...

17 CFR 4.13 - Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) The aggregate initial margin, premiums, and required minimum security deposit for retail forex... specified in the contract), by the strike price per unit, and for each such retail forex transaction, by... retail forex transaction, by calculating the value in U.S. Dollars of such transaction, at the time the...

75 FR 55310 - Performance of Registration Functions by National Futures Association With Respect to Retail...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... CFTC Reauthorization Act of 2008 (``CRA'') with regard to off-exchange retail forex transactions.\\2... forex contracts, who pool customer money for the purpose of trading off-exchange currency contracts or... retail forex typically registered as FCMs, even though they may not have engaged in exchange-traded...

17 CFR 5.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... in section 2(c)(2)(B)(i)(II)(cc)(BB) of the Act; (b) Aggregate retail forex assets means an amount of... acceptance of retail forex customers' orders (other than in a clerical capacity); or (2) The supervision of... retail forex transactions; (2) Associated person of a commodity pool operator, for purposes of this part...

17 CFR 5.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... in section 2(c)(2)(B)(i)(II)(cc)(BB) of the Act; (b) Aggregate retail forex assets means an amount of... acceptance of retail forex customers' orders (other than in a clerical capacity); or (2) The supervision of... retail forex transactions; (2) Associated person of a commodity pool operator, for purposes of this part...

17 CFR 5.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... in section 2(c)(2)(B)(i)(II)(cc)(BB) of the Act; (b) Aggregate retail forex assets means an amount of... acceptance of retail forex customers' orders (other than in a clerical capacity); or (2) The supervision of... retail forex transactions; (2) Associated person of a commodity pool operator, for purposes of this part...

17 CFR 4.13 - Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) The aggregate initial margin, premiums, and required minimum security deposit for retail forex... contract), by the strike price per unit, for each such retail forex transaction, by calculating the value...

17 CFR 4.13 - Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) The aggregate initial margin, premiums, and required minimum security deposit for retail forex... contract), by the strike price per unit, for each such retail forex transaction, by calculating the value...

76 FR 22633 - Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

... margin. A national bank's relationship with a retail forex customer may evolve out of a prior... currency with retail customers. The proposed rule also describes various requirements with which national... CEA with a retail customer \\5\\ except pursuant to a rule or regulation of a Federal regulatory agency...

76 FR 40779 - Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-12

... property pledged as margin. An FDIC-supervised IDI's relationship with a retail forex customer may evolve... options that an insured depository institution supervised by the FDIC engages in with retail customers..., or swap transactions that an insured depository institution engages in with business customers to...

77 FR 41671 - Extension of Interim Final Temporary Rule on Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

... Exchange Act,\\3\\ shall not enter into, or offer to enter into, a foreign exchange (``forex'') transaction... conditions as the Federal regulatory agency shall prescribe (``retail forex rule'').\\6\\ A Federal regulatory agency's [[Page 41672

12 CFR 48.12 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... or indirectly effect a retail forex transaction for the account of any retail forex customer unless, before the retail forex transaction occurs, the retail forex customer specifically authorized the national bank to effect the retail forex transaction. (b) Requirements for specific authorization. A retail...

12 CFR 48.12 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... or indirectly effect a retail forex transaction for the account of any retail forex customer unless, before the retail forex transaction occurs, the retail forex customer specifically authorized the national bank to effect the retail forex transaction. (b) Requirements for specific authorization. A retail...

12 CFR 48.12 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... or indirectly effect a retail forex transaction for the account of any retail forex customer unless, before the retail forex transaction occurs, the retail forex customer specifically authorized the national bank to effect the retail forex transaction. (b) Requirements for specific authorization. A retail...

12 CFR 48.5 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same currency; (2) Engages in a retail forex transaction...

12 CFR 48.5 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same currency; (2) Engages in a retail forex transaction...

12 CFR 48.5 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same currency; (2) Engages in a retail forex transaction...

17 CFR 1.46 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Any futures commission merchant or retail foreign exchange dealer who: (i) Engages in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction...

12 CFR 240.12 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Specific authorization required. No banking institution may directly or indirectly effect a retail forex transaction for the account of any retail forex customer unless, before the transaction occurs, the retail forex customer specifically authorized the banking institution to effect the retail forex transaction...

17 CFR 1.46 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... dealer who: (i) Engages in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same currency; (ii) Engages in a retail...

17 CFR 1.46 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... dealer who: (i) Engages in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same currency; (ii) Engages in a retail...

12 CFR 349.7 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall keep full, complete and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, pertaining to its retail forex business, including: (1) Retail forex account records. For each retail forex account: (i) The name and address of the person for whom...

12 CFR 349.3 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) Cheat or defraud or attempt to cheat or defraud any person... insured depository institution can cause retail forex transactions to be effected for a retail forex customer without the retail forex customer's specific authorization, then neither the FDIC-supervised...

12 CFR 349.3 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) Cheat or defraud or attempt to cheat or defraud any person... insured depository institution can cause retail forex transactions to be effected for a retail forex customer without the retail forex customer's specific authorization, then neither the FDIC-supervised...

12 CFR 48.3 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... may, directly or indirectly, in or in connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) Cheat or... exercising discretion prohibited. If a national bank can cause retail forex transactions to be effected for a retail forex customer without the retail forex customer's specific authorization, then neither the...

12 CFR 48.3 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... may, directly or indirectly, in or in connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) Cheat or... exercising discretion prohibited. If a national bank can cause retail forex transactions to be effected for a retail forex customer without the retail forex customer's specific authorization, then neither the...

12 CFR 48.6 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex customer unless the national bank has furnished the retail forex customer with a separate written disclosure statement containing only the... receive from the retail forex customer a written acknowledgment signed and dated by the customer that the...

12 CFR 349.7 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall keep full, complete and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, pertaining to its retail forex business, including: (1) Retail forex account records. For each retail forex account: (i) The name and address of the person for whom...

12 CFR 349.7 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall keep full, complete and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, pertaining to its retail forex business, including: (1) Retail forex account records. For each retail forex account: (i) The name and address of the person for whom...

12 CFR 48.6 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex customer unless the national bank has furnished the retail forex customer with a separate written disclosure statement containing only the... receive from the retail forex customer a written acknowledgment signed and dated by the customer that the...

12 CFR 48.6 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex customer unless the national bank has furnished the retail forex customer with a separate written disclosure statement containing only the... receive from the retail forex customer a written acknowledgment signed and dated by the customer that the...

12 CFR 349.3 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) Cheat or defraud or attempt to cheat or defraud any person... insured depository institution can cause retail forex transactions to be effected for a retail forex customer without the retail forex customer's specific authorization, then neither the FDIC-supervised...

12 CFR 240.7 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall keep full, complete and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, of all transactions relating to its retail forex business, including: (1) Retail forex account records. For each retail forex account: (i) The name and address of the...

12 CFR 48.3 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... may, directly or indirectly, in or in connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) Cheat or... exercising discretion prohibited. If a national bank can cause retail forex transactions to be effected for a retail forex customer without the retail forex customer's specific authorization, then neither the...

12 CFR 48.7 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....7 Recordkeeping. (a) General rule. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must keep... its retail forex business, including the following 6 types of records: (1) Retail forex account records. For each retail forex account: (i) The name and address of the person for whom the account is...

12 CFR 48.11 - Unlawful representations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... will, with respect to any retail customer forex account, for or on behalf of any person: (1) Guarantee... or attempt to collect margin as established for retail forex customers. (b) No implication of... whatsoever that any retail forex transaction or retail forex product has been sponsored, recommended, or...

12 CFR 48.7 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....7 Recordkeeping. (a) General rule. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must keep... its retail forex business, including the following 6 types of records: (1) Retail forex account records. For each retail forex account: (i) The name and address of the person for whom the account is...

12 CFR 48.7 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....7 Recordkeeping. (a) General rule. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must keep... its retail forex business, including the following 6 types of records: (1) Retail forex account records. For each retail forex account: (i) The name and address of the person for whom the account is...

12 CFR 240.3 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... or in connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) Cheat or defraud or attempt to cheat or... banking institution that has authority to cause retail forex transactions to be effected for a retail forex customer without the retail forex customer's specific authorization may not (and an affiliate of...

12 CFR 48.11 - Unlawful representations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... will, with respect to any retail customer forex account, for or on behalf of any person: (1) Guarantee... or attempt to collect margin as established for retail forex customers. (b) No implication of... whatsoever that any retail forex transaction or retail forex product has been sponsored, recommended, or...

12 CFR 48.11 - Unlawful representations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... will, with respect to any retail customer forex account, for or on behalf of any person: (1) Guarantee... or attempt to collect margin as established for retail forex customers. (b) No implication of... whatsoever that any retail forex transaction or retail forex product has been sponsored, recommended, or...

12 CFR 48.9 - Margin requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., in retail forex transactions must collect from each retail forex customer an amount of margin not less than: (1) Two percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for major currency pairs and 5 percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for all other currency pairs...

12 CFR 240.4 - Notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... Before commencing a retail forex business, a banking institution shall provide the Board with prior... retail forex transactions in a safe and sound manner and in compliance with this part. (c) Treatment of existing retail forex businesses. A banking institution that is engaged in a retail forex business on the...

12 CFR 48.9 - Margin requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., in retail forex transactions must collect from each retail forex customer an amount of margin not less than: (1) Two percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for major currency pairs and 5 percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for all other currency pairs...

12 CFR 48.9 - Margin requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., in retail forex transactions must collect from each retail forex customer an amount of margin not less than: (1) Two percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for major currency pairs and 5 percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for all other currency pairs...

12 CFR 240.5 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and sales. Any banking institution that— (1) Engages in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same...

12 CFR 349.5 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...-supervised insured depository institution that— (1) Engages in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same...

12 CFR 349.5 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-supervised insured depository institution that— (1) Engages in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same...

12 CFR 349.9 - Margin requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... depository institution engaging, or offering to engage, in retail forex transactions must collect from each retail forex customer an amount of margin not less than: (1) Two percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for major currency pairs and 5 percent of the notional value of the retail forex...

12 CFR 349.9 - Margin requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... depository institution engaging, or offering to engage, in retail forex transactions must collect from each retail forex customer an amount of margin not less than: (1) Two percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for major currency pairs and 5 percent of the notional value of the retail forex...

12 CFR 48.10 - Required reporting to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... must promptly furnish to each retail forex customer, as of the close of the last business day of each... clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses in all open retail forex transactions marked...

12 CFR 48.10 - Required reporting to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... must promptly furnish to each retail forex customer, as of the close of the last business day of each... clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses in all open retail forex transactions marked...

12 CFR 349.5 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-supervised insured depository institution that— (1) Engages in a retail forex transaction involving the purchase of any currency for the account of any retail forex customer when the account of such retail forex customer at the time of such purchase has an open retail forex transaction for the sale of the same...

12 CFR 349.9 - Margin requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... depository institution engaging, or offering to engage, in retail forex transactions must collect from each retail forex customer an amount of margin not less than: (1) Two percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for major currency pairs and 5 percent of the notional value of the retail forex...

12 CFR 48.10 - Required reporting to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... must promptly furnish to each retail forex customer, as of the close of the last business day of each... clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses in all open retail forex transactions marked...

17 CFR 5.23 - Notice of bulk transfers and bulk liquidations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... (a) Notice and disclosure to retail forex customers of a bulk transfer. (1) A retail foreign exchange... consent of its retail forex customer to the assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer to another retail foreign exchange dealer, futures commission merchant or...

17 CFR 5.23 - Notice of bulk transfers and bulk liquidations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... (a) Notice and disclosure to retail forex customers of a bulk transfer. (1) A retail foreign exchange... consent of its retail forex customer to the assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer to another retail foreign exchange dealer, futures commission merchant or...

17 CFR 5.23 - Notice of bulk transfers and bulk liquidations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... (a) Notice and disclosure to retail forex customers of a bulk transfer. (1) A retail foreign exchange... consent of its retail forex customer to the assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer to another retail foreign exchange dealer, futures commission merchant or...

12 CFR 240.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...). (e) Forex means foreign exchange. (f) Identified banking product has the same meaning as in section... means any person who solicits or accepts orders from a retail forex customer in connection with retail forex transactions. (i) Related person, when used in reference to a retail forex counterparty, means: (1...

12 CFR 240.11 - Unlawful representations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... forex account, for or on behalf of any person: (1) Guarantee such person or account against loss; (2... established for retail forex customers. (b) No implication of representation of engaging in prohibited acts... that any retail forex transaction or retail forex product has been sponsored, recommended, or approved...

12 CFR 48.17 - Reservation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... for a specific retail forex transaction or a class of retail forex transactions if the OCC determines that the modification is consistent with safety and soundness and the protection of retail forex...

12 CFR 48.17 - Reservation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... for a specific retail forex transaction or a class of retail forex transactions if the OCC determines that the modification is consistent with safety and soundness and the protection of retail forex...

12 CFR 48.17 - Reservation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... for a specific retail forex transaction or a class of retail forex transactions if the OCC determines that the modification is consistent with safety and soundness and the protection of retail forex...

17 CFR 5.7 - Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Minimum financial requirements... forex transactions. 5.7 Section 5.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.7 Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign...

12 CFR 349.11 - Unlawful representations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... forex account, for or on behalf of any person: (1) Guarantee such person or account against loss; (2... established for retail forex customers. (b) No implication of representation of engaging in prohibited acts... represent or imply in any manner whatsoever that any retail forex transaction or retail forex product has...

12 CFR 349.11 - Unlawful representations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... forex account, for or on behalf of any person: (1) Guarantee such person or account against loss; (2... established for retail forex customers. (b) No implication of representation of engaging in prohibited acts... represent or imply in any manner whatsoever that any retail forex transaction or retail forex product has...

12 CFR 349.11 - Unlawful representations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... forex account, for or on behalf of any person: (1) Guarantee such person or account against loss; (2... established for retail forex customers. (b) No implication of representation of engaging in prohibited acts... represent or imply in any manner whatsoever that any retail forex transaction or retail forex product has...

77 FR 54355 - Amendments to Commodity Pool Operator and Commodity Trading Advisor Regulations Resulting From...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... forex transaction, offset), exercised, expired (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction... activity (including retail forex and swap transactions) expected to be engaged in by the offered pool. (h...) Any costs or fees included in the spread between bid and asked prices for retail forex or, if known...

12 CFR 349.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... agency pursuant to § 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(q). Forex means foreign... means any person who solicits or accepts orders from a retail forex customer in connection with retail forex transactions. Related person, when used in reference to a retail forex counterparty, means: (1...

12 CFR 349.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... agency pursuant to § 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(q). Forex means foreign... means any person who solicits or accepts orders from a retail forex customer in connection with retail forex transactions. Related person, when used in reference to a retail forex counterparty, means: (1...

12 CFR 349.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... agency pursuant to § 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(q). Forex means foreign... means any person who solicits or accepts orders from a retail forex customer in connection with retail forex transactions. Related person, when used in reference to a retail forex counterparty, means: (1...

12 CFR 48.4 - Supervisory non-objection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... retail forex business, a national bank must provide the OCC with prior notice and obtain from the OCC a... retail forex transactions in a safe and sound manner and in compliance with this part; and (ii) Provide... forex businesses. A national bank that is engaged in a retail forex business on July 15, 2011 or...

12 CFR 48.4 - Supervisory non-objection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... retail forex business, a national bank must provide the OCC with prior notice and obtain from the OCC a... retail forex transactions in a safe and sound manner and in compliance with this part; and (ii) Provide... forex businesses. A national bank that is engaged in a retail forex business on July 15, 2011 or...

12 CFR 48.4 - Supervisory non-objection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... retail forex business, a national bank must provide the OCC with prior notice and obtain from the OCC a... retail forex transactions in a safe and sound manner and in compliance with this part; and (ii) Provide... forex businesses. A national bank that is engaged in a retail forex business on July 15, 2011 or...

17 CFR 5.18 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... section: (1) The term retail forex counterparty includes, as appropriate: (i) A retail foreign exchange... this part. (2) The term related person when used in reference to a retail forex counterparty means any... person or employee of the retail forex counterparty, and any relative or spouse of any of the foregoing...

17 CFR 5.18 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... section: (1) The term retail forex counterparty includes, as appropriate: (i) A retail foreign exchange... this part. (2) The term related person when used in reference to a retail forex counterparty means any... person or employee of the retail forex counterparty, and any relative or spouse of any of the foregoing...

17 CFR 5.18 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... section: (1) The term retail forex counterparty includes, as appropriate: (i) A retail foreign exchange... this part. (2) The term related person when used in reference to a retail forex counterparty means any... person or employee of the retail forex counterparty, and any relative or spouse of any of the foregoing...

17 CFR 5.6 - Maintenance of minimum financial requirements by retail foreign exchange dealers and futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Maintenance of minimum... engaging in retail forex transactions. 5.6 Section 5.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.6 Maintenance of minimum financial...

17 CFR 5.5 - Distribution of “Risk Disclosure Statement” by retail foreign exchange dealers, futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Distribution of âRisk... brokers regarding retail forex transactions. 5.5 Section 5.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.5 Distribution of “Risk...

12 CFR 349.12 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... No FDIC-supervised insured depository institution may directly or indirectly effect a retail forex transaction for the account of any retail forex customer unless, before the transaction occurs, the retail forex customer specifically authorized the FDIC-supervised insured depository institution to effect the...

12 CFR 349.12 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... No FDIC-supervised insured depository institution may directly or indirectly effect a retail forex transaction for the account of any retail forex customer unless, before the transaction occurs, the retail forex customer specifically authorized the FDIC-supervised insured depository institution to effect the...

12 CFR 240.17 - Reservation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., documentation, or other standards or requirements under this part for a specific retail forex transaction or a class of retail forex transactions if the Board determines that the modification is consistent with safety and soundness and the protection of retail forex customers. ...

12 CFR 240.14 - Supervision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... institution. A banking institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall diligently supervise the... similar function) of all retail forex accounts carried, operated, or advised by the banking institution... performing a similar function) relating to its retail forex business. (b) Supervision by officers, employees...

12 CFR 349.12 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... No FDIC-supervised insured depository institution may directly or indirectly effect a retail forex transaction for the account of any retail forex customer unless, before the transaction occurs, the retail forex customer specifically authorized the FDIC-supervised insured depository institution to effect the...

17 CFR 5.20 - Special calls for account and transaction information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...'s account in retail forex transactions. (c) Special calls for information on open transactions in... introducing brokers. Upon special call by the Commission for information relating to retail forex transactions... concerning accounts of traders owning or controlling such retail forex transaction positions, as may be...

17 CFR 3.33 - Withdrawal from registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... such activities: (i) That all customer, retail forex customer or option customer agreements, if any, have been terminated; (ii) That all customer, retail forex customer or option customer positions, if... customer, retail forex customer or option customer cash balances, securities, or other property, if any...

12 CFR 349.6 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... insured depository institution may open or maintain open an account that will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex customer unless the FDIC-supervised insured depository institution has furnished the retail forex customer with a separate written disclosure statement containing only the...

12 CFR 349.6 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... insured depository institution may open or maintain open an account that will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex customer unless the FDIC-supervised insured depository institution has furnished the retail forex customer with a separate written disclosure statement containing only the...

17 CFR 5.20 - Special calls for account and transaction information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...'s account in retail forex transactions. (c) Special calls for information on open transactions in... introducing brokers. Upon special call by the Commission for information relating to retail forex transactions... concerning accounts of traders owning or controlling such retail forex transaction positions, as may be...

12 CFR 349.6 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... insured depository institution may open or maintain open an account that will engage in retail forex transactions for a retail forex customer unless the FDIC-supervised insured depository institution has furnished the retail forex customer with a separate written disclosure statement containing only the...

17 CFR 5.20 - Special calls for account and transaction information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...'s account in retail forex transactions. (c) Special calls for information on open transactions in... introducing brokers. Upon special call by the Commission for information relating to retail forex transactions... concerning accounts of traders owning or controlling such retail forex transaction positions, as may be...

12 CFR 349.10 - Required reporting to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... statements. Each FDIC-supervised insured depository institution must promptly furnish to each retail forex... once every three months, a statement that clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses...

12 CFR 349.16 - Customer dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... may enter into any agreement or understanding with a retail forex customer in which the customer... retail forex customer that the customer intends to submit a claim to arbitration, the FDIC-supervised... or counterclaims. (e) Counterclaims. A procedure for the settlement of a retail forex customer's...

12 CFR 240.6 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... required. No banking institution may open or maintain an account for a retail forex customer for the purpose of engaging in retail forex transactions unless the banking institution has furnished the retail forex customer with a separate written disclosure statement containing only the language set forth in...

17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

12 CFR 48.14 - Supervision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....14 Supervision. (a) Supervision by the national bank. A national bank engaging in retail forex... occupying a similar status or performing a similar function) of all retail forex accounts carried, operated... persons occupying a similar status or performing a similar function) relating to its retail forex business...

17 CFR 1.36 - Record of securities and property received from customers and option customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of all securities and property received from customers, retail forex customers or option customers in lieu of money to margin, purchase, guarantee, or secure the commodity, retail forex or commodity option transactions of such customers, retail forex customers or option customers. Such record shall show separately...

17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

17 CFR 1.36 - Record of securities and property received from customers and option customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of all securities and property received from customers, retail forex customers or option customers in lieu of money to margin, purchase, guarantee, or secure the commodity, retail forex or commodity option transactions of such customers, retail forex customers or option customers. Such record shall show separately...

17 CFR 4.34 - General disclosures required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the commodity trading advisor may engage in retail forex transactions pursuant to the offered trading... pursuant to such program (including retail forex and swap transactions, if any). (h) Trading program. A... difference between bid and asked prices on retail forex or swap transactions, the trading advisor must...

17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

17 CFR 3.33 - Withdrawal from registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... all customer, retail forex customer or option customer agreements, if any, have been terminated; (ii) That all customer, retail forex customer or option customer positions, if any, have been transferred on behalf of customers or option customers or closed; (iii) That all customer, retail forex customer or...

12 CFR 349.10 - Required reporting to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... statements. Each FDIC-supervised insured depository institution must promptly furnish to each retail forex... once every three months, a statement that clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses...

12 CFR 349.10 - Required reporting to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... statements. Each FDIC-supervised insured depository institution must promptly furnish to each retail forex... once every three months, a statement that clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses...

17 CFR 4.34 - General disclosures required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the commodity trading advisor may engage in retail forex transactions pursuant to the offered trading... pursuant to such program (including retail forex and swap transactions, if any). (h) Trading program. A... difference between bid and asked prices on retail forex or swap transactions, the trading advisor must...

12 CFR 240.10 - Required reporting to customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... customers. (a) Monthly statements. Each banking institution must promptly furnish to each retail forex... once every three months, a statement that clearly shows: (1) For each retail forex customer: (i) The open retail forex transactions with prices at which acquired; (ii) The net unrealized profits or losses...

12 CFR 349.16 - Customer dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... may enter into any agreement or understanding with a retail forex customer in which the customer... retail forex customer that the customer intends to submit a claim to arbitration, the FDIC-supervised... or counterclaims. (e) Counterclaims. A procedure for the settlement of a retail forex customer's...

17 CFR 3.33 - Withdrawal from registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... all customer, retail forex customer or option customer agreements, if any, have been terminated; (ii) That all customer, retail forex customer or option customer positions, if any, have been transferred on behalf of customers or option customers or closed; (iii) That all customer, retail forex customer or...

12 CFR 349.16 - Customer dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... may enter into any agreement or understanding with a retail forex customer in which the customer... retail forex customer that the customer intends to submit a claim to arbitration, the FDIC-supervised... or counterclaims. (e) Counterclaims. A procedure for the settlement of a retail forex customer's...

12 CFR 48.14 - Supervision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....14 Supervision. (a) Supervision by the national bank. A national bank engaging in retail forex... occupying a similar status or performing a similar function) of all retail forex accounts carried, operated... persons occupying a similar status or performing a similar function) relating to its retail forex business...

12 CFR 48.14 - Supervision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....14 Supervision. (a) Supervision by the national bank. A national bank engaging in retail forex... occupying a similar status or performing a similar function) of all retail forex accounts carried, operated... persons occupying a similar status or performing a similar function) relating to its retail forex business...

17 CFR 1.36 - Record of securities and property received from customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... from customers or retail forex customers in lieu of money to margin, purchase, guarantee, or secure the commodity interests of such customers or retail forex customers. Such record shall show separately for each customer or retail forex customer: A description of the securities or property received; the name and...

12 CFR 349.4 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS § 349.4 Filing procedures. (a) General. Before commencing a retail forex... institution's proposed retail forex business and the manner in which it will be conducted; (ii) The amount of the institution's existing or proposed direct or indirect investment in the retail forex business as...

12 CFR 349.4 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS § 349.4 Filing procedures. (a) General. Before commencing a retail forex... institution's proposed retail forex business and the manner in which it will be conducted; (ii) The amount of the institution's existing or proposed direct or indirect investment in the retail forex business as...

12 CFR 240.16 - Customer dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... resolution. (a) No banking institution shall enter into any agreement or understanding with a retail forex... or grievance regarding any retail forex transaction or disclosure to any settlement procedure. (b) Election of forum. (1) Within 10 business days after the receipt of notice from the retail forex customer...

17 CFR 1.36 - Record of securities and property received from customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... from customers or retail forex customers in lieu of money to margin, purchase, guarantee, or secure the commodity interests of such customers or retail forex customers. Such record shall show separately for each customer or retail forex customer: A description of the securities or property received; the name and...

12 CFR 349.4 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS § 349.4 Filing procedures. (a) General. Before commencing a retail forex... institution's proposed retail forex business and the manner in which it will be conducted; (ii) The amount of the institution's existing or proposed direct or indirect investment in the retail forex business as...

17 CFR 3.33 - Withdrawal from registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... customer, retail forex customer or option customer agreements, if any, have been terminated; (ii) That all customer, retail forex customer or option customer positions, if any, have been transferred on behalf of customers or option customers or closed; (iii) That all customer, retail forex customer or option customer...

12 CFR 240.9 - Margin requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... required. A banking institution engaging, or offering to engage, in retail forex transactions must collect from each retail forex customer an amount of margin not less than: (1) Two percent of the notional value of the retail forex transaction for major currency pairs and 5 percent of the notional value of...

12 CFR 48.16 - Customer dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... procedures. No national bank may enter into any agreement or understanding with a retail forex customer in... clause or clauses. (3) The agreement advises the retail forex customer that, at such time as the customer... connection with the dispute resolution, unless it is determined in the proceeding that the retail forex...

12 CFR 48.16 - Customer dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... procedures. No national bank may enter into any agreement or understanding with a retail forex customer in... clause or clauses. (3) The agreement advises the retail forex customer that, at such time as the customer... connection with the dispute resolution, unless it is determined in the proceeding that the retail forex...

12 CFR 48.16 - Customer dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... procedures. No national bank may enter into any agreement or understanding with a retail forex customer in... clause or clauses. (3) The agreement advises the retail forex customer that, at such time as the customer... connection with the dispute resolution, unless it is determined in the proceeding that the retail forex...

17 CFR 5.2 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... applicable to any retail forex transaction. (b) Fraudulent conduct prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any... indirectly, in or in connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) To cheat or defraud or attempt to... prohibited. (1) No person who acts as the counterparty for any retail forex transaction may do so for an...

12 CFR 349.15 - Notice of transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... must provide a retail forex customer with 30 days' prior notice of any assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer. The notice must include a statement that the retail forex customer is not required to accept the proposed assignment or transfer and may direct the FDIC...

17 CFR 5.2 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... applicable to any retail forex transaction. (b) Fraudulent conduct prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any... indirectly, in or in connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) To cheat or defraud or attempt to... prohibited. (1) No person who acts as the counterparty for any retail forex transaction may do so for an...

12 CFR 48.15 - Notice of transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (b) of this section, a national bank must provide a retail forex customer with 30 days' prior notice of any assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer. The notice must include a statement that the retail forex customer is not required to accept the proposed...

12 CFR 240.15 - Notice of transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... must provide a retail forex customer with 30 days' prior notice of any assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer. The notice must include a statement that the retail forex customer is not required to accept the proposed assignment or transfer and may direct the banking...

12 CFR 48.15 - Notice of transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (b) of this section, a national bank must provide a retail forex customer with 30 days' prior notice of any assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer. The notice must include a statement that the retail forex customer is not required to accept the proposed...

12 CFR 349.15 - Notice of transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... must provide a retail forex customer with 30 days' prior notice of any assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer. The notice must include a statement that the retail forex customer is not required to accept the proposed assignment or transfer and may direct the FDIC...

12 CFR 48.15 - Notice of transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (b) of this section, a national bank must provide a retail forex customer with 30 days' prior notice of any assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer. The notice must include a statement that the retail forex customer is not required to accept the proposed...

12 CFR 349.15 - Notice of transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... must provide a retail forex customer with 30 days' prior notice of any assignment of any position or transfer of any account of the retail forex customer. The notice must include a statement that the retail forex customer is not required to accept the proposed assignment or transfer and may direct the FDIC...

17 CFR 5.2 - Prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... applicable to any retail forex transaction. (b) Fraudulent conduct prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any... indirectly, in or in connection with any retail forex transaction: (1) To cheat or defraud or attempt to... prohibited. (1) No person who acts as the counterparty for any retail forex transaction may do so for an...

77 FR 66287 - Adaptation of Regulations To Incorporate Swaps

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-02

... the term ``retail forex customer'' in regulation 1.3 because it appears in several regulations in part... receive any comments to the Proposal's addition of a definition of ``retail forex customer'' to regulation 1.3. \\26\\ 17 CFR 5.1(k) currently defines ``retail forex customer'' as ``a person, other than an...

12 CFR 240.8 - Capital requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... into retail forex transactions must be well-capitalized as defined in section 208.43 of Regulation H... banking institution defined in § 240.2(b)(2) offering or entering into retail forex transactions must be... companies. A banking institution defined in § 240.2(b)(3) or (4) offering or entering into retail forex...

17 CFR 1.4 - Electronic signatures, acknowledgments and verifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... commission merchant or introducing broker, a retail forex customer of a retail foreign exchange dealer or..., retail forex customer, participant, client, counterparty, swap dealer, or major swap participant will be...

17 CFR 1.4 - Electronic signatures, acknowledgments and verifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... commission merchant or introducing broker, a retail forex customer of a retail foreign exchange dealer or..., retail forex customer, participant, client, counterparty, swap dealer, or major swap participant will be...

12 CFR 349.14 - Supervision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... institution. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall... status or performing a similar function) of all retail forex accounts carried, operated, or advised by at... forex business. (b) Supervision by officers, employees, or agents. An officer, employee, or agent of an...

12 CFR 349.14 - Supervision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... institution. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall... status or performing a similar function) of all retail forex accounts carried, operated, or advised by at... forex business. (b) Supervision by officers, employees, or agents. An officer, employee, or agent of an...

12 CFR 349.14 - Supervision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... institution. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall... status or performing a similar function) of all retail forex accounts carried, operated, or advised by at... forex business. (b) Supervision by officers, employees, or agents. An officer, employee, or agent of an...

17 CFR 4.34 - General disclosures required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the commodity trading advisor may engage in retail forex transactions pursuant to the offered trading... retail forex transactions, if any). (h) Trading program. A description of the trading program, which must... forex transactions (as defined in § 5.1(m) of this chapter), the trading advisor must explain how such...

12 CFR 48.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...' Loan Act (12 U.S.C. 1464) or an operating subsidiary thereof. Forex means foreign exchange. Identified... broker means any person that solicits or accepts orders from a retail forex customer in connection with retail forex transactions. National bank means: (1) A national bank; (2) A Federal branch or agency of a...

12 CFR 48.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...' Loan Act (12 U.S.C. 1464) or an operating subsidiary thereof. Forex means foreign exchange. Identified... broker means any person that solicits or accepts orders from a retail forex customer in connection with retail forex transactions. National bank means: (1) A national bank; (2) A Federal branch or agency of a...

12 CFR 48.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...' Loan Act (12 U.S.C. 1464) or an operating subsidiary thereof. Forex means foreign exchange. Identified... broker means any person that solicits or accepts orders from a retail forex customer in connection with retail forex transactions. National bank means: (1) A national bank; (2) A Federal branch or agency of a...

12 CFR 349.1 - Authority, purpose, and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-supervised insured depository institution that engages in retail forex transactions shall comply with the requirements of this part. (b) Purpose. This part establishes rules applicable to retail forex transactions...

12 CFR 349.1 - Authority, purpose, and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...-supervised insured depository institution that engages in retail forex transactions shall comply with the requirements of this part. (b) Purpose. This part establishes rules applicable to retail forex transactions...

12 CFR 349.1 - Authority, purpose, and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-supervised insured depository institution that engages in retail forex transactions shall comply with the requirements of this part. (b) Purpose. This part establishes rules applicable to retail forex transactions...

17 CFR 4.23 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the commodity interest was purchased, sold (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, offset), exercised, expired (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, whether it was rolled...

17 CFR 4.23 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the commodity interest was purchased, sold (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, offset), exercised, expired (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, whether it was rolled...

17 CFR 4.23 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... interest was purchased, sold (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, offset), exercised, expired (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, whether it was rolled forward), and the...

17 CFR 4.33 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, offset), exercised, expired (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, whether it was rolled forward), and the gain or loss realized. (2) Each...

17 CFR 4.33 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, offset), exercised, expired (including, in the case of a retail forex transaction, whether it was rolled forward), and the gain or loss realized. (2) Each...

17 CFR 4.5 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity pool...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... retail forex transaction, by calculating the value in U.S. Dollars for such transaction, at the time the... such retail forex transaction, by calculating the value in U.S. Dollars for such transaction, at the...

17 CFR 5.19 - Pending legal proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., CPO, CTA or IB is a party or to which its property or assets is subject with respect to retail forex... merchant, CPO, CTA or IB and alleging violations, with regard to retail forex transactions, of: (1) The Act...

17 CFR 5.19 - Pending legal proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., CPO, CTA or IB is a party or to which its property or assets is subject with respect to retail forex... merchant, CPO, CTA or IB and alleging violations, with regard to retail forex transactions, of: (1) The Act...

17 CFR 5.25 - Applicability of the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...)-(e), 6b, 6c, 8(a)-(e), 8a and 12(f) of the Act shall apply to retail forex transactions that are... specific references to retail forex transactions and the persons defined in § 5.1 of this part. ...

17 CFR 5.25 - Applicability of the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...)-(e), 6b, 6c, 8(a)-(e), 8a and 12(f) of the Act shall apply to retail forex transactions that are... specific references to retail forex transactions and the persons defined in § 5.1 of this part. ...

17 CFR 5.25 - Applicability of the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...)-(e), 6b, 6c, 8(a)-(e), 8a and 12(f) of the Act shall apply to retail forex transactions that are... specific references to retail forex transactions and the persons defined in § 5.1 of this part. ...

FOREX - an expert system for managing even-aged upland oak forests on steep terrain

Treesearch

Chris B. LeDoux; B. Gopalakrishnan; K. Lankalapalli

1995-01-01

An expert system, FOREX, was developed to access the data from the database management provided by MANAGE. For a specific site index, the user of FOREX can obtain information on present net worth, optimal thinning entry timing, optimal stand rotation age, diameter at breast height, volume by grade and value of the trees harvested, and based on the cable yarder used,...

FOREX Trades: Can the Takens Algorithm Help to Obtain Steady Profit at Investment Reallocations?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrov, V. Yu.; Tribelsky, M. I.

2015-12-01

We report our preliminary results of application of the Takens algorithm to build a FOREX trade strategy, resulting in a steady long-time gain for a trader. The actual historical rates for pair EUR vs. USD are used. The values of various parameters of the problem including the "stop loss" and "take profit" thresholds are optimized to provide the maximal gain during the training period. Then, these values are employed for trades. We have succeeded to get the steady gain, if the spread is neglected. It proves that the FOREX market is predictable.

17 CFR 5.17 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... forex transaction for the account of any customer unless before the transaction the customer, or person... to control the account specifies: (a) The precise retail forex transaction to be effected; (b) The...

17 CFR 5.17 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... forex transaction for the account of any customer unless before the transaction the customer, or person... to control the account specifies: (a) The precise retail forex transaction to be effected; (b) The...

17 CFR 5.17 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... forex transaction for the account of any customer unless before the transaction the customer, or person... to control the account specifies: (a) The precise retail forex transaction to be effected; (b) The...

77 FR 17328 - Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors: Compliance Obligations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-26

..., for each such retail forex transaction, by calculating the value in U.S. Dollars for such transaction... forex transaction, by calculating the value in U.S. Dollars of such transaction, at the time the...

17 CFR 166.5 - Dispute settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... forex transaction (as defined in § 5.1(m) of this chapter). (2) The term customer as used in this section includes an option customer (as defined in § 1.3(jj) of this chapter), a retail forex customer (as...

17 CFR 166.5 - Dispute settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... forex transaction (as defined in § 5.1(m) of this chapter). (2) The term customer as used in this section includes an option customer (as defined in § 1.3(jj) of this chapter), a retail forex customer (as...

Effect of increases in energy-related labor forces upon retailing in Alabama

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robicheaux, R.A.

1983-06-01

The heightened mining employment that will result from increased extraction of coal from Alabama's Warrior Coal Basin will boost retail sales and employment. The Warrior Coal Basin counties (Fayette, Jefferson, Tuscaloosa and Walker) are heavily dependent upon coal mining as a source of employment and wages. Further, since the counties' economies grew increasingly dependent upon coal mining activities throughout the 1970s, it was believed that it would be possible to measure, with some acceptable level of reliability, the impact of the steadily rising mining activity upon the area's retailing sector. Therefore, a small scale econometric model was developed which representsmore » the interrelationships among income, mining and trade employment and retail sales in the four-county Warrior Coal Basin area. The results of two versions of the model are presented. In the first version, area-wide retail sales are treated in the aggregate. In the second version, retail sales are disaggregated into twelve categories (e.g., food, apparel, furniture, etc.). The models were specified using 1960 to 1976 data. The mining employment growth scenario used in this report called for steady increases in mining employment that culminated in an employment level that is 4000 above the baseline employment projections by 1985. Both versions of the model predicted that cumulative real regional income would increase by $1.39 billion over seven years with the added mining employment. The predicted impacts on trade employment and real retail sales varied between the two models, however. The aggregate model predicts the addition of 7500 trade workers and an additional $1.35 billion in real retail sales. The disaggregate model suggests that food stores, automobile dealers, general merchandise stores, gas stations and lumber and building materials retailers would enjoy the greatest positive benefits.« less

Retailers in social program strategy: the case of family planning.

PubMed

Black, T R; Farley, J U

1977-01-01

The provision of contraceptive agents and devices through hospitals and clinics is not a cost-efficient procedure, therefore the distribution through retailers in a preexisting network is an attractive prospect. To really distribute contraceptives, e.g., birth control pills, the retailer would have to be trained in a format of questions. Two studies of retail marketing were conducted, one in Jamaica for condoms and one in Kenya where a subsidized marketing program for condoms was started in rural areas. More urban shops, which were larger in size, carried condoms than rural shops. Retailers in both areas were completely oriented to their immediate vicinity. Their concerns were with volume and with aggregate demand both before and after subsidized programs. The distribution system requires the additional support of advertising and marketing, but since the structure is in place it can be used with relatively little capital outlay. Research of retailers' attitudes and perceptions is inexpensive and often indicates customer preference and local market conditions.

12 CFR 240.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... operational standards. (a) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. A banking institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall establish and implement internal rules, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a retail...

Application of Support Vector Machine to Forex Monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamruzzaman, Joarder; Sarker, Ruhul A.

Previous studies have demonstrated superior performance of artificial neural network (ANN) based forex forecasting models over traditional regression models. This paper applies support vector machines to build a forecasting model from the historical data using six simple technical indicators and presents a comparison with an ANN based model trained by scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) learning algorithm. The models are evaluated and compared on the basis of five commonly used performance metrics that measure closeness of prediction as well as correctness in directional change. Forecasting results of six different currencies against Australian dollar reveal superior performance of SVM model using simple linear kernel over ANN-SCG model in terms of all the evaluation metrics. The effect of SVM parameter selection on prediction performance is also investigated and analyzed.

12 CFR 48.8 - Capital requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Capital requirements. 48.8 Section 48.8 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RETAIL FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS § 48.8 Capital requirements. A national bank offering or entering into retail forex transactions...

12 CFR 48.8 - Capital requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Capital requirements. 48.8 Section 48.8 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RETAIL FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS § 48.8 Capital requirements. A national bank offering or entering into retail forex transactions...

12 CFR 48.8 - Capital requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Capital requirements. 48.8 Section 48.8 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RETAIL FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS § 48.8 Capital requirements. A national bank offering or entering into retail forex transactions...

Geospatial Analytics in Retail Site Selection and Sales Prediction.

PubMed

Ting, Choo-Yee; Ho, Chiung Ching; Yee, Hui Jia; Matsah, Wan Razali

2018-03-01

Studies have shown that certain features from geography, demography, trade area, and environment can play a vital role in retail site selection, largely due to the impact they asserted on retail performance. Although the relevant features could be elicited by domain experts, determining the optimal feature set can be intractable and labor-intensive exercise. The challenges center around (1) how to determine features that are important to a particular retail business and (2) how to estimate retail sales performance given a new location? The challenges become apparent when the features vary across time. In this light, this study proposed a nonintervening approach by employing feature selection algorithms and subsequently sales prediction through similarity-based methods. The results of prediction were validated by domain experts. In this study, data sets from different sources were transformed and aggregated before an analytics data set that is ready for analysis purpose could be obtained. The data sets included data about feature location, population count, property type, education status, and monthly sales from 96 branches of a telecommunication company in Malaysia. The finding suggested that (1) optimal retail performance can only be achieved through fulfillment of specific location features together with the surrounding trade area characteristics and (2) similarity-based method can provide solution to retail sales prediction.

Extreme Events in China under Climate Change: Uncertainty and related impacts (CSSP-FOREX)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leckebusch, Gregor C.; Befort, Daniel J.; Hodges, Kevin I.

2016-04-01

Suitable adaptation strategies or the timely initiation of related mitigation efforts in East Asia will strongly depend on robust and comprehensive information about future near-term as well as long-term potential changes in the climate system. Therefore, understanding the driving mechanisms associated with the East Asian climate is of major importance. The FOREX project (Fostering Regional Decision Making by the Assessment of Uncertainties of Future Regional Extremes and their Linkage to Global Climate System Variability for China and East Asia) focuses on the investigation of extreme wind and rainfall related events over Eastern Asia and their possible future changes. Here, analyses focus on the link between local extreme events and their driving weather systems. This includes the coupling between local rainfall extremes and tropical cyclones, the Meiyu frontal system, extra-tropical teleconnections and monsoonal activity. Furthermore, the relation between these driving weather systems and large-scale variability modes, e.g. NAO, PDO, ENSO is analysed. Thus, beside analysing future changes of local extreme events, the temporal variability of their driving weather systems and related large-scale variability modes will be assessed in current CMIP5 global model simulations to obtain more robust results. Beyond an overview of FOREX itself, first results regarding the link between local extremes and their steering weather systems based on observational and reanalysis data are shown. Special focus is laid on the contribution of monsoonal activity, tropical cyclones and the Meiyu frontal system on the inter-annual variability of the East Asian summer rainfall.

The Evolution and Future of Retailing and Retailing Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grewal, Dhruv; Motyka, Scott; Levy, Michael

2018-01-01

The pace of retail evolution has increased dramatically, with the spread of the Internet and as consumers have become more empowered by mobile phones and smart devices. This article outlines significant retail innovations that reveal how retailers and retailing have evolved in the past several decades. In the same spirit, the authors discuss how…

Retailer licensing and tobacco display compliance: are some retailers more likely to flout regulations?

PubMed

Fry, Rae; Burton, Suzan; Williams, Kelly; Walsberger, Scott; Tang, Anita; Chapman, Kathy; Egger, Sam

2017-03-01

To assess retailer compliance with a licensing scheme requiring tobacco retailers to list their business details with the government, to examine whether listed retailers are more likely to comply with a point-of-sale (POS) display ban and other in-store retailing laws and to explore variations in compliance between different retailer types and locations. An audit of 1739 retailers in New South Wales, Australia, was used to assess compliance with tobacco retailing legislation. Auditors actively searched for and audited unlisted retailers and all listed retailers in 122 metropolitan and regional postcodes. Multivariate generalised linear regression models were used to examine associations between compliance and retailer type, remoteness and demographic characteristics (socioeconomic level, proportion of population under 18 years and proportion born in Australia). One unlisted tobacco retailer was identified for every 12.6 listed tobacco retailers. Unlisted retailers were significantly more likely than listed retailers to breach in-store retailing laws (p<0.001). Compliance with the POS display ban was observed in 91.3% of tobacco retailers, but compliance with all retailing laws was only 73.4%. Retailers in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had lower compliance than those in high socioeconomic areas. Some tobacco retailers did not list their business details with the government as required, even though there was no financial cost to do so. Unlisted retailers were more likely to violate in-store regulations. The results suggest licensing schemes can be useful for providing a list of retailers, thus facilitating enforcement, but require a system to search for, and respond to, unlisted/unlicensed retailers. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

College-Level Education in Retailing: A Comparison of Perceptions of Retail Employment Executives and Retail Educators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coates, Sue Stringer

The tremendous changes in methods of operation experienced in the retailing field in recent years, have brought about changes in the nature and extent of formal education required of potential retail executives. The primary purpose of this study was to ascertain the relative value of various elements of college retailing programs in the…

12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

Retail Consulting Class: Experiential Learning Platform to Develop Future Retail Talents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oh, Hyunjoo; Polidan, Mary

2018-01-01

The retail industry is undergoing a significant transformation. Factors such as technological advancement and evolving consumer demands have forced companies to rethink their traditional approaches to retail. Retailers have since embraced data-driven strategies with real-time implementation to stay relevant in this complex, ever-changing industry.…

Cost of privatisation versus government alcohol retailing systems: Canadian example.

PubMed

Popova, Svetlana; Patra, Jayadeep; Sarnocinska-Hart, Anna; Gnam, William H; Giesbrecht, Norman; Rehm, Jürgen

2012-01-01

Alcohol retail monopolies have been established in many countries to restrict alcohol availability and thus, minimise alcohol-related harm.The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of the privatisation of alcohol sales on the burden and direct health-care, law enforcement costs and indirect costs (lost productivity due to disability or premature mortality) in Canada. Simulation modelling. International Guidelines for the Estimation of the Avoidable Costs of Substance Abuse were used. All burden and costs were compared with the baseline taken from the aggregate Cost Study on Substance Abuse in Canada 2002. If all Canadian provinces and territories were to privatise alcohol sales we assume that consumption would increase from 10% to 20% based on available Canadian literature. Under the 10% scenario the costs would increase from 6% ($828 million) and under the 20% scenario costs would increase 12% ($1.6 billion).This increase is substantially greater than the tax and mark-up revenue gained from increased sales,and represents a net loss. Alcohol-attributable burden and associated costs will increase markedly if all Canadian provinces and territories gave up the government alcohol retailing systems.For public health and economic reasons, governments should continue to have a strong role in alcohol retailing.

The effects of retail concentration on retail dairy product prices in the United States.

PubMed

Hovhannisyan, V; Bozic, M

2016-06-01

This study provides an empirical investigation of the relationship between grocery retail concentration and retail dairy product prices in the United States. The analysis was performed based on a unique data set on store-level retail prices provided by the Information Resources Inc. Further, alternative measures of retail concentration were considered, which included revenue and store selling space-based Herfindahl-Hirschman Index that were computed based on a Nielsen TDLinx data set on store characteristics. Results from a reduced-form empirical framework estimated via panel data techniques indicated that grocery retail concentration had a positive statistically significant effect on retail dairy product prices in the analyzed locations during the analyzed period of time. Specifically, a 10% increase in concentration was found to lead to a 0.46% rise in retail dairy product prices. This central result was robust to the way in which retail concentration was measured and was consistent with broader empirical evidence in the literature on retail market power. Copyright © 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Impact of Modern Retail Minimarket towards the Continuity of Traditional Retail Businesses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masruroh, R.

2017-03-01

Today the business is growing rapidly minimarket with the development of socioeconomic conditions of society, and changes in value systems that result in changes to the pattern of life and needs of the community. In meeting the needs and desires, people tend to prefer a wide range of modern facilities expenditures. Thus increasing the number of modern minimarket store increasingly cornered the existence of traditional retail stores are stand-alone and based on social economy. This study aimed to analyze the changes in turnover and market traditional retail stores before and after the modern mini-market retail in the vicinity. To achieve these objectives, conducted survey research approach, this study uses primary and secondary data by distributing interviews and questionnaires to 40 respondents traditional retail store owners in the district of Kuningan which is selected by probability sampling. Descriptive qualitative were used to analyse this study. Based on the survey results revealed that there are significant differences between turnover and market traditional retail stores before and after the modern minimarket in the vicinity. This shows that the presence of modern retail stores provide a decrease in turnover and customers impact for traditional retail stores. But the research also shows that traditional retail stores that improve the quality of services and facilities are not affected by the presence of modern retail stores in the vicinity.

Retail redlining in New York City: racialized access to day-to-day retail resources.

PubMed

Kwate, Naa Oyo A; Loh, Ji Meng; White, Kellee; Saldana, Nelson

2013-08-01

Racial residential segregation is associated with health inequalities in the USA, and one of the primary mechanisms is through influencing features of the neighborhood physical environment. To better understand how Black residential segregation might contribute to health risk, we examined retail redlining; the inequitable distribution of retail resources across racially distinct areas. A combination of visual and analytic methods was used to investigate whether predominantly Black census block groups in New York City had poor access to retail stores important for health. After controlling for retail demand, median household income, population density, and subway ridership, percent Black was associated with longer travel distances to various retail industries. Our findings suggest that Black neighborhoods in New York City face retail redlining. Future research is needed to determine how retail redlining may perpetuate health disparities and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Introduction to Retail Security.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, James E., Ed.

This collection consists of 15 articles dealing with retail security. Included in the volume are the following papers: "Retail Security--an Introduction," by Andrew J. Thacker and Linda Cressman; "Systematic Planning and Retail Security," by Linda T. Thomas; "Identifying Potentially Dishonest Employees," by James E.…

Retail Price Model

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Retail Price Model is a tool to estimate the average retail electricity prices - under both competitive and regulated market structures - using power sector projections and assumptions from the Energy Information Administration.

Influence of retail cigarette advertising, price promotions, and retailer compliance on youth smoking-related attitudes and behaviors.

PubMed

Kim, Annice E; Loomis, Brett R; Busey, Andrew H; Farrelly, Matthew C; Willett, Jeffrey G; Juster, Harlan R

2013-01-01

Exposure to retail tobacco marketing is associated with youth smoking, but most studies have relied on self-reported measures of exposure, which are prone to recall bias. To examine whether exposure to retail cigarette advertising, promotions, and retailer compliance is associated with youth smoking-related outcomes using observational estimates of exposure. Data on retail cigarette advertising and promotions were collected from a representative sample of licensed tobacco retailers in New York annually since 2004. County-level estimates of retail cigarette advertising and promotions and retailer compliance with youth access laws were calculated and linked to the New York Youth Tobacco Survey, administered to 54,671 middle and high school students in 2004, 2006, and 2008. Regression models examined whether cigarette advertising, promotions, and retailer compliance were associated with youth's awareness of retail cigarette advertising, attitudes about smoking, susceptibility to smoking, cigarette purchasing behaviors, and smoking behaviors. Living in counties with more retail cigarette advertisements is associated with youth having positive attitudes about smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.19, P < .01). Living in counties with more retail cigarette promotions is associated with youth current smoking (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.01-2.44, P < .05). Living in counties with higher retailer compliance with youth access laws is associated with higher odds of youth being refused cigarettes when attempting to buy in stores (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25, P < .05) and lower odds of retail stores being youth's usual source of cigarettes (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.97, P < .01). Strong retailer compliance programs and policies that eliminate cigarette advertising and promotions may help reduce youth smoking.

Training in the Retail Trade in Portugal. Report for the FORCE Programme. Retail Sector.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cerdeira, Maria Conceicao; And Others

A study examined training in the retail trade in Portugal. Employment, work, and training patterns in Portugal's retail sector were researched, and case studies of two firms in the supermarket/hypermarket group, one firm in the stationary/cigarette shop sector, and one clothing manufacturer/retailer were conducted. Teams of researchers interviewed…

Pediatric providers' attitudes toward retail clinics.

PubMed

Garbutt, Jane M; Mandrell, Kathy M; Sterkel, Randall; Epstein, Jay; Stahl, Kristin; Kreusser, Katherine; Sitrin, Harold; Ariza, Adolfo; Reis, Evelyn Cohen; Siegel, Robert; Pascoe, John; Strunk, Robert C

2013-11-01

To describe pediatric primary care providers' attitudes toward retail clinics and their experiences of retail clinics use by their patients. A 51-item, self-administered survey from 4 pediatric practice-based research networks from the midwestern US, which gauged providers' attitudes toward and perceptions of their patients' interactions with retail clinics, and changes to office practice to better compete. A total of 226 providers participated (50% response). Providers believed that retail clinics were a business threat (80%) and disrupted continuity of chronic disease management (54%). Few (20%) agreed that retail clinics provided care within recommended clinical guidelines. Most (91%) reported that they provided additional care after a retail clinic visit (median 1-2 times per week), and 37% felt this resulted from suboptimal care at retail clinics "most or all of the time." Few (15%) reported being notified by the retail clinic within 24 hours of a patient visit. Those reporting prompt communication were less likely to report suboptimal retail clinic care (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.10-0.42) or disruption in continuity of care (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.71). Thirty-six percent reported changes to office practice to compete with retail clinics (most commonly adjusting or extending office hours), and change was more likely if retail clinics were perceived as a threat (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.56-8.76); 30% planned to make changes in the near future. Based on the perceived business threat, pediatric providers are making changes to their practice to compete with retail clinics. Improved communication between the clinic and providers may improve collaboration. Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 1206.19 - Retailer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Retailer. 1206.19 Section 1206.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... INFORMATION Mango Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1206.19 Retailer. Retailer means a...

The State of Online Retailing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tamimi, Nabil; Rajan, Murli; Sebastianelli, Rose

2003-01-01

Benchmarks online retailing transactions against critical factors that impact online retailing. Findings suggest several areas that e-retailers should target for improvement, including the speed of home page loading, ability to translate into multiple languages, capabilities of search engines, security policies display, payment options, minimum…

The Small Retailer and His Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burstinger, Irving

1975-01-01

This study, through personal interviews, collected data on small retailers for three purposes: (1) to provide informative insights into small-scale retailing in New York City, (2) to explore retailers' opinions as to why customers shop at their stroes, and (3) to ascertain the more common problems experienced by retailers. (Author/BP)

The string prediction models as invariants of time series in the forex market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pincak, R.

2013-12-01

In this paper we apply a new approach of string theory to the real financial market. The models are constructed with an idea of prediction models based on the string invariants (PMBSI). The performance of PMBSI is compared to support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) on an artificial and a financial time series. A brief overview of the results and analysis is given. The first model is based on the correlation function as invariant and the second one is an application based on the deviations from the closed string/pattern form (PMBCS). We found the difference between these two approaches. The first model cannot predict the behavior of the forex market with good efficiency in comparison with the second one which is, in addition, able to make relevant profit per year. The presented string models could be useful for portfolio creation and financial risk management in the banking sector as well as for a nonlinear statistical approach to data optimization.

PEDIATRIC PROVIDERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD RETAIL CLINICS

PubMed Central

Garbutt, Jane M.; Mandrell, Kathy M.; Sterkel, Randall; Epstein, Jay; Stahl, Kristin; Kreusser, Katherine; O’Neil, Jerome; Sitrin, Harold; Ariza, Adolfo; Reis, Evelyn Cohen; Siegel, Robert; Pascoe, John; Strunk, Robert C.

2013-01-01

Objective To describe pediatric primary care providers’ attitudes toward retail clinics and their experiences of retail clinics use by their patients. Study design A 51-item, self-administered survey from four pediatric practice-based research networks from the Midwestern United States, which gauged providers’ attitudes toward and perceptions of their patients’ interactions with retail clinics, and changes to office practice to better compete. Results A total of 226 providers participated (50% response). Providers believed that retail clinics were a business threat (80%) and disrupted continuity of chronic disease management (54%). Few (20%) agreed that retail clinics provided care within recommended clinical guidelines. Most (91%) reported that they provided additional care after a retail clinic visit (median 1–2 times per week) and 37% felt this resulted from suboptimal care at retail clinics “most or all of the time.” Few (15%) reported being notified by the retail clinic within 24 hours of a patient visit. Those reporting prompt communication were less likely to report suboptimal retail clinic care (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.42) or disruption in continuity of care (OR 0.32, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.71). Thirty-six percent reported changes to office practice to compete with retail clinics (most commonly adjusting or extending office hours) and change was more likely if retail clinics were perceived as a threat (OR 3.70, 95%CI 1.56 to 8.76); 30% planned to make changes in the near future. Conclusions Based on the perceived business threat, pediatric providers are making changes to their practice to compete with retail clinics. Improved communication between the clinic and providers may improve collaboration. PMID:23810720

Competition in the retail gasoline industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brewer, Jedidiah

2007-05-01

This dissertation examines competition in the retail gasoline industry. The first chapter highlights the importance of gasoline in modern society, introduces my work, and places it in the context of the existing academic literature. The second chapter details the institutional structure and profitability of the industry. The vast majority of retail gasoline stations are not directly owned and operated by major oil companies. Instead, most stations are set up under other contractual relationships: lessee-dealer, open-dealer, jobber-owned-and-operated, and independent. Gasoline retailers make relatively low profits, as is the case in many other retail industries, and are substantially less profitable than major oil companies. Gas stations also make less money when retail prices are climbing than when they are falling. As prices rise, total station profits are near zero or negative. When retail prices are constant or falling, retailers can make positive profits. The third chapter describes the entry of big-box stores into the retail gasoline industry over the last decade. The growth of such large retailers, in all markets, has led to a great deal of controversy as smaller competitors with long-term ties to the local community have become less common. I estimate the price impact that big-box stores have on traditional gasoline retailers using cross-sectional data in two geographically diverse cities. I also examine changes in pricing following the entry of The Home Depot into a local retail gasoline market. The results show that big-box stores place statistically and economically significant downward pressure on the prices of nearby gas stations, offering a measure of the impact of the entry of a big-box store. Chapter 4 examines the nature of price competition in markets where some competing retailers sell the same brand. The price effect of having more retailers selling the same brand is theoretically unclear. High brand diversity could give individual retailers

Ethics in Retailing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahn, Robert

1979-01-01

Retailers must decide whether to make the most money or help the most people. This conflict between democratic ideals and the free enterprise system must be made within the corporate structure and thus puts a great deal of pressure on the businessman. Suggests questions that the retailer can ask himself regarding his professional ethics. (JMD)

Food retailing and food service.

PubMed

Capps, Oral; Park, John L

2003-07-01

The food retailing and food service sector is not only an important component of the food marketing channel but is also vital to the United States economy, accounting for more than 7% of the United States gross domestic product in 2001. The business of food retailing and food service is undergoing salient change. The authors argue that the singular force driving this change is the consumer. To understand the linkages in the food marketing channel, this article provides information on the farm-to-retail price spread and the economic forces that influence their magnitude. Examples are given of farm-to-retail price spreads for red meat and dairy industries. In addition, the economics behind the provision of retail services and the growth of the food service industry are discussed. Further, the authors demonstrate that the structure of the food market channel is consumer driven, and present three characteristics of convenience (preparation, delivery, and service) and identify four food distribution channels in terms of convenience (complete convenience, traditional food service, consumer direct, and traditional retail).

The retailing of health care.

PubMed

Paul, T; Wong, J

1984-01-01

A number of striking parallels between recent developments in health care marketing and changes in the retailing industry exist. The authors have compared retailing paradigms to the area on health care marketing so strategists in hospitals and other health care institutions can gain insight from these parallels. Many of the same economic, demographic, technological and lifestyle forces may be at work in both the health care and retail markets. While the services or products offered in health care are radically different from those of conventional retail markets, the manner in which the products and services are positioned, priced or distributed is surprisingly similar.

Advancing the retail endgame: public perceptions of retail policy interventions.

PubMed

Whyte, Gregor; Gendall, Philip; Hoek, Janet

2014-03-01

Evidence that exposure to tobacco 'powerwalls' increases young people's susceptibility to smoking has led many countries to require the removal of these displays. Despite this important step, tobacco remains widely available and policy action appears to have stalled. We conducted an online survey of 364 smokers and 402 non-smokers aged 18 years and above, who were sampled from a commercial internet panel in January 2013. Six months after the removal of all tobacco products from open display in New Zealand retail outlets, strong support for the new law exists. Although daily smokers were less supportive than other groups, smokers intending to quit within the next 6 months were more likely than not to believe the law would facilitate quitting. Irrespective of their smoking status, respondents supported not selling tobacco products within 500 m of a school, and requiring tobacco retailers to sell nicotine replacement therapy products. Public support for more progressive 'endgame' retail measures could catalyse policy action which, in turn, could offer greater protection to young people and accelerate declines in smoking prevalence. Mandatory tobacco-free retail zones around schools, and requiring stores selling tobacco to stock cessation products received strong support, even among daily smokers; both measures would reduce youth exposure to tobacco while providing smokers with better access to cessation aids.

7 CFR 274.3 - Retailer management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Retailer management. 274.3 Section 274.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... management. (a) Retailer participation. (1) All authorized retailers must be afforded the opportunity to...

7 CFR 274.3 - Retailer management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Retailer management. 274.3 Section 274.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... management. (a) Retailer participation. (1) All authorized retailers must be afforded the opportunity to...

The emerging marijuana retail environment: Key lessons learned from tobacco and alcohol retail research.

PubMed

Berg, Carla J; Henriksen, Lisa; Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia A; Haardoerfer, Regine; Freisthler, Bridget

2018-06-01

The emerging retail market for recreational marijuana use warrants research and surveillance as such markets are established in more US states. This research can be informed by the existing literature regarding tobacco and alcohol, which highlights the impact of spatial access to tobacco and alcohol retailers and exposure to tobacco and alcohol marketing on smoking and drinking among youth and young adults. Prior research indicates that tobacco and alcohol retailers, as well as medical marijuana dispensaries, are disproportionately located in neighborhoods characterized by socioeconomic disadvantage and by higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities and young adults. Moreover, retail marketing or point-of-sale practices may differentially target subpopulations and differ by neighborhood demography and local policy. This literature and the methods employed for studying the tobacco and alcohol market could inform research on the retail environment for marijuana, as current gaps exist. In particular, much of the existing literature involves cross-sectional research designs; longitudinal studies are needed. Moreover, standardized measures are needed for systematic monitoring of industry marketing practices and to conduct research examining neighborhood differences in exposure to retail marketing for marijuana and its contribution to use modality and frequency, alone and in combination with nicotine and alcohol. The use of standardized measures for tobacco and alcohol marketing have been critical to develop an evidence base from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that document the impact of retail marketing on substance use by adolescents and adults. Similar research is needed to establish an evidence base to inform federal, state, and local regulations of marijuana. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

27 CFR 31.55 - Limited retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Limited retail dealers. 31... Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.55 Limited retail dealers. (a) Sales by limited retail dealers. Limited retail dealers, as described in § 31.35, are not required to register or keep records under this part. (b...

27 CFR 31.55 - Limited retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Limited retail dealers. 31... Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.55 Limited retail dealers. (a) Sales by limited retail dealers. Limited retail dealers, as described in § 31.35, are not required to register or keep records under this part. (b...

27 CFR 31.55 - Limited retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Limited retail dealers. 31... Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.55 Limited retail dealers. (a) Sales by limited retail dealers. Limited retail dealers, as described in § 31.35, are not required to register or keep records under this part. (b...

27 CFR 31.55 - Limited retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limited retail dealers. 31... Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.55 Limited retail dealers. (a) Sales by limited retail dealers. Limited retail dealers, as described in § 31.35, are not required to register or keep records under this part. (b...

27 CFR 31.55 - Limited retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Limited retail dealers. 31... Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.55 Limited retail dealers. (a) Sales by limited retail dealers. Limited retail dealers, as described in § 31.35, are not required to register or keep records under this part. (b...

29 CFR 779.328 - Retail and wholesale distinguished.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Retail and wholesale distinguished. 779.328 Section 779.328... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments ârecognizedâ As Retail âin the Particular Industryâ § 779.328 Retail and wholesale distinguished. (a) The...

29 CFR 779.328 - Retail and wholesale distinguished.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Retail and wholesale distinguished. 779.328 Section 779.328... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments ârecognizedâ As Retail âin the Particular Industryâ § 779.328 Retail and wholesale distinguished. (a) The...

29 CFR 779.328 - Retail and wholesale distinguished.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Retail and wholesale distinguished. 779.328 Section 779.328... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments ârecognizedâ As Retail âin the Particular Industryâ § 779.328 Retail and wholesale distinguished. (a) The...

Retailing in Tennessee 1980

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1980-01-01

Data on retail sales compiled from sales tax records are summarized. Contained in this report are retail sales estimates for the 95 counties in the State of Tennessee and 303 cities, towns, or parts of towns which are shown in various degrees of detail depending on disclosure restrictions. Number of firms is determined by the total number of reports submitted. Sales and percent distribution of sales are shown for the State of Tennessee and counties by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) designation and by various county groupings based on the size of largest city. A list of counties by SMSAmore » designation and by size class of largest city is given in the Appendix. The number of firms and estimated retail sales are also shown for 10 business groups defined by the US Department of Commerce along with the total retail sales for each of the 95 counties in Tennessee and for 137 of the larger cities, towns, or parts of towns in the state. Sales for 37 smaller incorporated places or parts of towns are given. Any attempt to report retail activity in the same detail that is possible for large cities is hampered by disclosure restrictions for towns in this group. Through the use of fewer categories, the amount of information that can be revealed is maximized while maintaining confidentiality for individual businesses. A classification widely adopted by economists and planners is the use of the broad retail categories of shoppers' goods, convenience goods, and all other stores. Shoppers' goods stores include department and variety stores, apparel and accessory shops, and furniture and home furnishings outlets. Convenience goods stores are food stores, gasoline service stations, drug stores, and eating and drinking places. The remaining category of all other stores includes building materials, hardware, automotive, and miscellaneous retail stores. Total sales are given for 129 very small incorporated towns.« less

Standardized Curriculum for Service Station Retailing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mississippi State Dept. of Education, Jackson. Office of Vocational, Technical and Adult Education.

This curriculum guide for service station retailing was developed by the state of Mississippi to standardize vocational education course titles and core contents. The objectives contained in this document are common to all service station retailing programs in the state. The guide contains objectives for service station retailing I and II courses.…

Tracking microbial contamination in retail environments using fluorescent powder--a retail delicatessen environment example.

PubMed

Sirsat, Sujata A; Kim, Kawon; Gibson, Kristen E; Crandall, Phillip G; Ricke, Steven C; Neal, Jack A

2014-03-05

Cross contamination of foodborne pathogens in the retail environment is a significant public health issue contributing to an increased risk for foodborne illness. Ready-to-eat (RTE) processed foods such as deli meats, cheese, and in some cases fresh produce, have been involved in foodborne disease outbreaks due to contamination with pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. With respect to L. monocytogenes, deli slicers are often the main source of cross contamination. The goal of this study was to use a fluorescent compound to simulate bacterial contamination and track this contamination in a retail setting. A mock deli kitchen was designed to simulate the retail environment. Deli meat was inoculated with the fluorescent compound and volunteers were recruited to complete a set of tasks similar to those expected of a food retail employee. The volunteers were instructed to slice, package, and store the meat in a deli refrigerator. The potential cross contamination was tracked in the mock retail environment by swabbing specific areas and measuring the optical density of the swabbed area with a spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the refrigerator (i.e. deli case) grip and various areas on the slicer had the highest risk for cross contamination. The results of this study may be used to develop more focused training material for retail employees. In addition, similar methodologies could also be used to track microbial contamination in food production environments (e.g. small farms), hospitals, nursing homes, cruise ships, and hotels.

Audit of tobacco retail outlets in Hangzhou, China.

PubMed

Gong, Ting; Lv, Jun; Liu, Qingmin; Ren, Yanjun; Li, Liming; Kawachi, Ichiro

2013-07-01

To determine the prevalence of tobacco advertisements and warning messages at points of sale as well as to examine the density of tobacco retail outlets in neighbourhoods and around schools in Hangzhou, China. Tobacco retail outlets (n=1639) in all food and tobacco specialty stores were observed objectively by trained students. Tobacco advertisements and warning messages were assessed with an audit, and stores' addresses were recorded with Global Positioning System coordinates. The distances (1) between all pairs of tobacco retail outlets (2) between each tobacco retail outlet and 15 middle schools were calculated to assess the density of tobacco retail outlets in neighbourhoods and around schools. Among the 1639 tobacco retail outlets, <1% had 'no sales to minors' signs, 1.5% had tobacco warning messages, 28% had signs indicating tobacco sale and 12.4% had tobacco advertisements. For 48.7% of tobacco retail outlets, the nearest distances to other tobacco retail outlets were <50 m. For 80% of schools, there was at least one tobacco retail outlets within a 100 m radius. Tobacco advertisement in retail outlets is prevalent and the density of tobacco retail outlets is high in Hangzhou, China. Signs indicating 'no sales to minors' and tobacco warning signs are almost non-existent. These findings point to an urgent need for the enforcement of regulations on display of 'no sales to minors' and a new density standard for tobacco retail outlets based on protecting the public's health.

Mapping the Tobacco Retailers in Edirne, Turkey

PubMed Central

Karlıkaya, Celal; İnce, Hüseyin; Özkan, Nurcan

2012-01-01

Objective: The youth smoking rate is on the rise in Turkey. Although many marketing bans have been effectively implemented, regulations related to retail tobacco outlets have gone unnoticed and have not been effectively supervised. In this study, we aimed to show the lack of legal regulation related to the high retail tobacco outlet density with displays. Material and Methods: In the center of Edirne, the marketing environment, numbers and geographical distribution of retail tobacco outlets were documented and mapped with geographical positions. Results: There were 569 retail tobacco points of sale in 520 stores. We calculated one tobacco retail outlet per 270 people. This retail outlet density rate is above the national average and about four times higher than the density in Istanbul. Products especially attracting children, such as chocolate, sweet candy and chewing gum, were set up near the tobacco stands and were easy for children to recognize and reach. It can be seen on the city map that 47% of retail tobacco outlets are within 100 m of education, health or sport facilities. Conclusion: We concluded that one of the reasons for the increasing prevalence of cigarette use, especially among adolescents in Turkey, is deregulation of the retail tobacco marketing industry as a result of the privatization process of the national tobacco monopoly. Using mapping techniques can be useful in terms of controlling the retail marketing environment. PMID:25207039

HIV / AIDS and the retail sector.

PubMed

Michael, K

1999-01-01

Employing approximately 1.5 million employees and comprised of 80,000 employers, the retail and wholesale sector accounted for 16.1% of South Africa's gross domestic product in 1996. HIV/AIDS threatens the retail sector, but it is unclear whether the pandemic threatens equally every sub-sector of the industry. The 4 main sub-sectors are fast-moving consumer goods; clothing, footwear, and textiles; vehicles; and furniture and major appliances. The nature of retail infrastructure and competitive and economic trends are described. Over the next decade, AIDS may reduce the size of consumer markets through increased mortality, and will certainly slow growth in spending. The pandemic may also divert spending away from retail merchandise to health care, and threaten businesses which extend credit and offer death benefits and funeral policies to clients. AIDS morbidity and mortality could also disrupt supply chains, especially for retailers who buy their products locally. The vulnerability of retail activities is discussed, with reference to the Living Standards Measure (LSM) developed by the South African Advertising Research Foundation.

76 FR 19741 - Exemption for Retail Store Operations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-08

... a retail store can sell to hotels, restaurants, and similar institutions without disqualifying... the types of operations traditionally and usually conducted at retail stores and restaurants when those operations are conducted at any retail store or restaurant or similar retail-type establishment...

Validity of Secondary Retail Food Outlet Data

PubMed Central

Fleischhacker, Sheila E.; Evenson, Kelly R.; Sharkey, Joseph; Pitts, Stephanie B.J.; Rodriguez, Daniel A.

2013-01-01

Context Improving access to healthy foods is a promising strategy to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases. To characterize retail food environments and identify areas with limited retail access, researchers, government programs, and community advocates have primarily used secondary retail food outlet data sources (e.g., InfoUSA or government food registries). To advance the state of the science on measuring retail food environments, this systematic review examined the evidence for validity reported for secondary retail food outlet data sources for characterizing retail food environments. Evidence acquisition A literature search was conducted through December 31, 2012 to identify peer-reviewed published literature that compared secondary retail food outlet data sources to primary data sources (i.e., field observations) for accuracy of identifying the type and location of retail food outlets. Data were analyzed in 2013. Evidence synthesis Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence for validity reported varied by secondary data sources examined, primary data–gathering approaches, retail food outlets examined, and geographic and sociodemographic characteristics. More than half of the studies (53%) did not report evidence for validity by type of food outlet examined and by a particular secondary data source. Conclusions Researchers should strive to gather primary data but if relying on secondary data sources, InfoUSA and government food registries had higher levels of agreement than reported by other secondary data sources and may provide sufficient accuracy for exploring these associations in large study areas. PMID:24050423

78 FR 23902 - Retail Exemptions Adjusted Dollar Limitations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-23

..., restaurants, and similar institutions without disqualifying itself for exemption from Federal inspection... conducted at retail stores and restaurants when those operations are conducted at any retail store or restaurant or similar retail-type establishment for sale in normal retail quantities (21 U.S.C. 661(c)(2) and...

27 CFR 31.181 - Requirements for retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Requirements for retail... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL ALCOHOL BEVERAGE DEALERS Records and Reports Retail Dealer's Records § 31.181 Requirements for retail dealers. (a) Records of receipt. All retail dealers must keep at...

27 CFR 31.181 - Requirements for retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Requirements for retail... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS ALCOHOL BEVERAGE DEALERS Records and Reports Retail Dealer's Records § 31.181 Requirements for retail dealers. (a) Records of receipt. All retail dealers must keep at...

27 CFR 31.181 - Requirements for retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Requirements for retail... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL ALCOHOL BEVERAGE DEALERS Records and Reports Retail Dealer's Records § 31.181 Requirements for retail dealers. (a) Records of receipt. All retail dealers must keep at...

27 CFR 31.181 - Requirements for retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Requirements for retail... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS ALCOHOL BEVERAGE DEALERS Records and Reports Retail Dealer's Records § 31.181 Requirements for retail dealers. (a) Records of receipt. All retail dealers must keep at...

27 CFR 31.181 - Requirements for retail dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Requirements for retail... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS ALCOHOL BEVERAGE DEALERS Records and Reports Retail Dealer's Records § 31.181 Requirements for retail dealers. (a) Records of receipt. All retail dealers must keep at...

The mobility of food retailers: How proximity to SNAP authorized food retailers changed in Atlanta during the Great Recession.

PubMed

Shannon, Jerry; Bagwell-Adams, Grace; Shannon, Sarah; Lee, Jung Sun; Wei, Yangjiaxin

2018-07-01

Retailer mobility, defined as the shifting geographic patterns of retail locations over time, is a significant but understudied factor shaping neighborhood food environments. Our research addresses this gap by analyzing changes in proximity to SNAP authorized chain retailers in the Atlanta urban area using yearly data from 2008 to 2013. We identify six demographically similar geographic clusters of census tracts in our study area based on race and economic variables. We use these clusters in exploratory data analysis to identify how proximity to the twenty largest retail food chains changed during this period. We then use fixed effects models to assess how changing store proximity is associated with race, income, participation in SNAP, and population density. Our results show clear differences in geographic distribution between store categories, but also notable variation within each category. Increasing SNAP enrollment predicted decreased distances to almost all small retailers but increased distances to many large retailers. Our chain-focused analysis underscores the responsiveness of small retailers to changes in neighborhood SNAP participation and the value of tracking chain expansion and contraction in markets across time. Better understanding of retailer mobility and the forces that drive it can be a productive avenue for future research. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Training in the Retail Trade of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. Report for the FORCE Programme. Retail Sector.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spoden, Nadine

A study examined training in the retail trade in Luxembourg. During the study, information was gathered on employment, work, and training patterns in Luxembourg's retail sector, and case studies of a retail clothing firm and a large supermarket with permanent continuing vocational training for all employees were conducted. The general/personnel…

29 CFR 779.24 - Retail or service establishment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Retail or service establishment. 779.24 Section 779.24... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES General Some Basic Definitions § 779.24 Retail or service establishment. In the 1949 amendments to the Act, the term “retail or service establishment...

29 CFR 779.24 - Retail or service establishment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Retail or service establishment. 779.24 Section 779.24... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES General Some Basic Definitions § 779.24 Retail or service establishment. In the 1949 amendments to the Act, the term “retail or service establishment...

29 CFR 779.24 - Retail or service establishment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Retail or service establishment. 779.24 Section 779.24... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES General Some Basic Definitions § 779.24 Retail or service establishment. In the 1949 amendments to the Act, the term “retail or service establishment...

29 CFR 779.24 - Retail or service establishment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Retail or service establishment. 779.24 Section 779.24... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES General Some Basic Definitions § 779.24 Retail or service establishment. In the 1949 amendments to the Act, the term “retail or service establishment...

29 CFR 779.24 - Retail or service establishment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Retail or service establishment. 779.24 Section 779.24... AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES General Some Basic Definitions § 779.24 Retail or service establishment. In the 1949 amendments to the Act, the term “retail or service establishment...

Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite Data Products: Retail Stations |

Science.gov Websites

-Cool of -40°C CDP RETAIL INFR 57, 9/25/17 Cost Compressor Operation Cost CDP RETAIL INFR 39, 9/25/17 Station Cost by Daily Capacity CDP RETAIL INFR 40, 9/25/17 Average Station Cost by Category CDP RETAIL INFR 41, 9/25/17 Station Cost CDP RETAIL INFR 42, 9/25/17 Station Cost by Type CDP RETAIL INFR 43, 9/25

Exploring sales data during a healthy corner store intervention in Toronto: the Food Retail Environments Shaping Health (FRESH) project.

PubMed

Minaker, Leia M; Lynch, Meghan; Cook, Brian E; Mah, Catherine L

2017-10-01

Population health interventions in the retail food environment, such as corner store interventions, aim to influence the kind of cues consumers receive so that they are more often directed toward healthier options. Research that addresses financial aspects of retail interventions, particularly using outcome measures such as store sales that are central to retail decision making, is limited. This study explored store sales over time and across product categories during a healthy corner store intervention in a lowincome neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario. Sales data (from August 2014 to April 2015) were aggregated by product category and by day. We used Microsoft Excel pivot tables to summarize and visually present sales data. We conducted t-tests to examine differences in product category sales by "peak" versus "nonpeak" sales days. Overall store sales peaked on the days at the end of each month, aligned with the issuing of social assistance payments. Revenue spikes on peak sales days were driven predominantly by transit pass sales. On peak sales days, mean sales of nonnutritious snacks and cigarettes were marginally higher than on other days of the month. Finally, creative strategies to increase sales of fresh vegetables and fruits seemed to substantially increase revenue from these product categories. Store sales data is an important store-level metric of food environment intervention success. Furthermore, data-driven decision making by retailers can be important for tailoring interventions. Future interventions and research should consider partnerships and additional success metrics for retail food environment interventions in diverse Canadian contexts.

Exploring sales data during a healthy corner store intervention in Toronto: the Food Retail Environments Shaping Health (FRESH) project

PubMed Central

Leia M., Minaker; Meghan, Lynch; Brian E., Cook; Catherine L., Mah

2017-01-01

Abstract Introduction: Population health interventions in the retail food environment, such as corner store interventions, aim to influence the kind of cues consumers receive so that they are more often directed toward healthier options. Research that addresses financial aspects of retail interventions, particularly using outcome measures such as store sales that are central to retail decision making, is limited. This study explored store sales over time and across product categories during a healthy corner store intervention in a lowincome neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario. Methods: Sales data (from August 2014 to April 2015) were aggregated by product category and by day. We used Microsoft Excel pivot tables to summarize and visually present sales data. We conducted t-tests to examine differences in product category sales by “peak” versus “nonpeak” sales days. Results: Overall store sales peaked on the days at the end of each month, aligned with the issuing of social assistance payments. Revenue spikes on peak sales days were driven predominantly by transit pass sales. On peak sales days, mean sales of nonnutritious snacks and cigarettes were marginally higher than on other days of the month. Finally, creative strategies to increase sales of fresh vegetables and fruits seemed to substantially increase revenue from these product categories. Conclusion: Store sales data is an important store-level metric of food environment intervention success. Furthermore, data-driven decision making by retailers can be important for tailoring interventions. Future interventions and research should consider partnerships and additional success metrics for retail food environment interventions in diverse Canadian contexts. PMID:29043761

27 CFR 31.31 - Retail dealer in liquors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Retail dealer in liquors... Classified § 31.31 Retail dealer in liquors. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in liquors for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in...

27 CFR 31.31 - Retail dealer in liquors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retail dealer in liquors... Classified § 31.31 Retail dealer in liquors. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in liquors for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in...

27 CFR 31.31 - Retail dealer in liquors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail dealer in liquors... Classified § 31.31 Retail dealer in liquors. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in liquors for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in...

27 CFR 31.31 - Retail dealer in liquors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail dealer in liquors... Classified § 31.31 Retail dealer in liquors. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in liquors for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in...

27 CFR 31.31 - Retail dealer in liquors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail dealer in liquors... Classified § 31.31 Retail dealer in liquors. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in liquors for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in...

27 CFR 31.33 - Retail dealer in beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail dealer in beer. 31... Classified § 31.33 Retail dealer in beer. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in beer for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in beer...

27 CFR 31.33 - Retail dealer in beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail dealer in beer. 31... Classified § 31.33 Retail dealer in beer. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in beer for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in beer...

27 CFR 31.33 - Retail dealer in beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail dealer in beer. 31... Classified § 31.33 Retail dealer in beer. (a) General. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this... other than a dealer is a retail dealer in beer for purposes of this part. Every retail dealer in beer...

Electronic Cigarette Retail Outlets and Proximity to Schools.

PubMed

Hahn, Ellen J; Begley, Kathy; Gokun, Yevgeniya; Johnson, Andrew O; Mundy, Monica E; Rayens, Mary Kay

2015-01-01

To compare the retail distribution and density per population of electronic and conventional cigarettes in smoke-free communities with and without e-cigarette restrictions. A cross-sectional study with field observations of retail tobacco stores. Two Central Kentucky counties with 100% smoke-free workplace regulations; counties selected on the basis of whether e-cigarette use was restricted. Fifty-seven tobacco retailers in two counties, including conventional retailers and stand-alone e-cigarette stores. Type and location of store and products sold; addresses of stores and schools geocoded with ArcGIS. Bivariate comparisons between counties, rates and confidence intervals for frequency of tobacco retailers and e-cigarette stores per population. Fifty-three percent of tobacco retailers sold e-cigarettes. E-cigarette availability did not differ by whether smoke-free regulation covered e-cigarettes. Rates of tobacco retailers and e-cigarette distributors per 10,000 were 8.29 and 4.40, respectively, in the two-county area. Of the 40 schools, 88% had a tobacco retailer and 68% had an e-cigarette distributor within 1 mile. In this exploratory study, e-cigarette use restriction was not related to store availability. For a relatively new product, e-cigarettes were readily available in retail outlets and close to schools.

Retailing Laboratory: Delivering Skills through Experiential Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franco Valdez, Ana Dolores; Valdez Cervantes, Alfonso

2018-01-01

Building from a theoretical foundation of active learning, this article describes how using a retail laboratory in an educational curriculum can benefit both students and strategic partners. Students work alongside strategic partners, and the retail laboratory enables them to probe and design novel retailing strategies, such as launching new…

7 CFR 46.24 - Records of retailers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Records of retailers. 46.24 Section 46.24 Agriculture... THAN RULES OF PRACTICE) UNDER THE PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ACT, 1930 Records of Retailers § 46.24 Records of retailers. Notwithstanding the specific records and documents prescribed in the...

Retail video analytics: an overview and survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Connell, Jonathan; Fan, Quanfu; Gabbur, Prasad; Haas, Norman; Pankanti, Sharath; Trinh, Hoang

2013-03-01

Today retail video analytics has gone beyond the traditional domain of security and loss prevention by providing retailers insightful business intelligence such as store traffic statistics and queue data. Such information allows for enhanced customer experience, optimized store performance, reduced operational costs, and ultimately higher profitability. This paper gives an overview of various camera-based applications in retail as well as the state-ofthe- art computer vision techniques behind them. It also presents some of the promising technical directions for exploration in retail video analytics.

Retailing in Tennessee 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-01-01

Data are summarized on retail sales compiled from sales tax records. Contained in this report are retail sales estimates for the 95 counties in the State of Tennessee and 294 cities, towns or parts of towns which are shown in various degrees of detail depending on disclosure restrictions. Number of firms is determined by the total number of reports submitted. Sales and percent distribution of sales are shown for the State of Tennessee and counties by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) designation and by various county groupings based on the size of largest city. A list of counties by SMSAmore » designation and by size class of largest city is given in the Appendix. The number of firms and estimated retail sales are also shown for 10 business groups.« less

In sight, in mind: retailer compliance with legislation on limiting retail tobacco displays.

PubMed

Quedley, Megan; Ng, Brendan; Sapre, Nikhil; Blakiston, Matthew; Crawford, Alexandra; Devadas, Rosanne; McLaren, Hamish; Anand, Shruti; Tipu, Mahu; Dayal, Viswas; Chandrasiri, Singithi; Thomson, George; Edwards, Richard

2008-08-01

We investigated retailer compliance with point-of-sale display legislation, using a New Zealand region as a case study. An observational survey was conducted of nonspecialist tobacco retailers in the lower North Island of New Zealand during 2006. Compliance was assessed in relation to store type (dairies, convenience stores, supermarkets, and service stations) and by characteristics of the population of the census area unit in which the store was situated. These characteristics include the level of socioeconomic deprivation and proportions of Maori (indigenous New Zealanders), Pacific Islanders, and children aged less than 19 years. Out of the 288 stores surveyed, 185 (64%) had at least one breach of the point-of-sale regulations. The most common breaches were a failure to display a "Smoking Kills" sign, visibility of tobacco from outside the premises, and displaying tobacco less than 1 m from children's products. Compliance was significantly worse in dairies (small local general stores) and convenience stores. Stores situated in areas in the top quartile for the proportion of children were much more likely to have high levels of noncompliance (> or =3 breaches) and to display tobacco products close to children's products. This study is one of very few to systematically investigate retailer compliance with point-of-sale display regulations for tobacco products. The results suggest that the implementation of legislation to partly limit retail displays of tobacco products can be difficult. A ban on retail displays of tobacco products is likely to be a more effective and enforceable policy.

Trends in Retail Clinic Use Among The Commercially Insured

PubMed Central

Ashwood, J. Scott; Reid, Rachel O.; Setodji, Claude M.; Weber, Ellerie; Gaynor, Martin; Mehrotra, Ateev

2012-01-01

Objective To describe trends in retail clinic usage among commercially insured patients and to identify which patient characteristics predict retail clinic use Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of commercial insurance claims sampled from a population of 13.3 million patients in 21 markets in 2007-9. Methods We identified 11 simple acute conditions that can be managed at a retail clinic. We described trends in retail clinic utilization for these conditions. We used multiple logistic regressions to identify predictors of retail clinic versus another care site for these conditions and assessed whether those predictors changed over time. Results Retail clinic use increased ten-fold from 2007 to 2009. By 2009 6.9% of all visits for the 11 conditions were to a retail clinic. Proximity to a retail clinic was the strongest predictor of use. Patients living within 1 mile of a retail clinic were 10.0% more likely to use one than those living 10-20 miles away (p-value <0.001). Women (+0.9%, p-value <0.001), young adults (+1.6%, p-value <0.001), those without a chronic condition (+1.1%, p-value <0.001), and high-income (+1.3%, p-value <0.001) patients were more likely to use retail clinics. All these associations became stronger over time. There was no association between primary care physician availability and retail clinic use. Conclusions If these trends continue health plans can expect to see a dramatic increase in retail clinic utilization. While usage is increasing on average, it is particularly increasing among young, healthy, and higher income patients who live close to retail clinics. PMID:22200061

29 CFR 779.315 - Traditional local retail or service establishments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Traditional local retail or service establishments. 779.315... STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Making Sales of Goods and Services ârecognized As Retailâ § 779.315 Traditional local retail or...

29 CFR 779.315 - Traditional local retail or service establishments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Traditional local retail or service establishments. 779.315... STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Making Sales of Goods and Services ârecognized As Retailâ § 779.315 Traditional local retail or...

29 CFR 779.315 - Traditional local retail or service establishments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Traditional local retail or service establishments. 779.315... STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Making Sales of Goods and Services ârecognized As Retailâ § 779.315 Traditional local retail or...

29 CFR 779.315 - Traditional local retail or service establishments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Traditional local retail or service establishments. 779.315... STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Making Sales of Goods and Services ârecognized As Retailâ § 779.315 Traditional local retail or...

29 CFR 779.315 - Traditional local retail or service establishments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Traditional local retail or service establishments. 779.315... STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Making Sales of Goods and Services ârecognized As Retailâ § 779.315 Traditional local retail or...

26 CFR 1.471-8 - Inventories of retail merchants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Inventories of retail merchants. 1.471-8 Section... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Inventories § 1.471-8 Inventories of retail merchants. (a) Retail merchants who employ what is known as the “retail method” of pricing inventories may make their returns upon...

26 CFR 1.471-8 - Inventories of retail merchants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Inventories of retail merchants. 1.471-8 Section... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Inventories § 1.471-8 Inventories of retail merchants. (a) Retail merchants who employ what is known as the “retail method” of pricing inventories may make their returns upon...

26 CFR 1.471-8 - Inventories of retail merchants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Inventories of retail merchants. 1.471-8 Section... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Inventories § 1.471-8 Inventories of retail merchants. (a) Retail merchants who employ what is known as the “retail method” of pricing inventories may make their returns upon...

26 CFR 1.471-8 - Inventories of retail merchants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Inventories of retail merchants. 1.471-8 Section... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Inventories § 1.471-8 Inventories of retail merchants. (a) Retail merchants who employ what is known as the “retail method” of pricing inventories may make their returns upon...

Retail wheeling - users, utilities and power producers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kubacki, J. Jr.

1996-12-31

Information is outlined on the retail wheeling of electric power. Topics discussed include: SEL mission; average cost per kWh; retail pilot programs; retail wheeling activity; key tasks for industrials; power marketer quote; retail wheeling strategic planning; metered customer load profile; proposed ISO regions; conjunctive billing; interconnection areas; FERC order 888; open access same time information systems; transmission inferconnections; suppliers of energy and capacity; self-generation; FERC Form 714; rebundling unbundled services; key variables: load factor; energy and capacity; metering today; competitive industry configuration; power cost reduction: strategic planning; real-time pricing; prime sources of leverage; likeliness of switching utilities; and Strategic Energymore » Ltd.« less

Considering retail health clinics.

PubMed

Mullin, Kathy

2009-12-01

By gaining increasing acceptance from consumers and traditional providers, retail-based convenient care clinics have moved from the innovative fringe into the mainstream of healthcare delivery. Nationwide, resourceful administrators are experimenting with retail-based delivery systems, using the clinic's unique attributes to promote wellness, expand accessibility, reduce delivery costs, and enhance brand recognition. This article takes an in-depth look at the convenient care business model, pertinent regulatory issues, and some of the associated benefits and concerns.

21 CFR 1314.30 - Recordkeeping for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recordkeeping for retail transactions. 1314.30 Section 1314.30 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.30 Recordkeeping for retail...

21 CFR 1314.30 - Recordkeeping for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recordkeeping for retail transactions. 1314.30 Section 1314.30 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.30 Recordkeeping for retail...

21 CFR 1314.30 - Recordkeeping for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recordkeeping for retail transactions. 1314.30 Section 1314.30 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.30 Recordkeeping for retail...

Documentation of the Retail Price Model

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Retail Price Model (RPM) provides a first‐order estimate of average retail electricity prices using information from the EPA Base Case v.5.13 Base Case or other scenarios for each of the 64 Integrated Planing Model (IPM) regions.

Price Strategies between a Dominant Retailer and Manufacturers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Hsun Jung; Mak, Hou Kit

2009-08-01

Supply chain-related game theoretical applications have been discussed for decades. This research accounts for the emergence of a dominant retailer, and the retailer Stackelberg pricing models of distribution channels. Research in the channel pricing game may use different definitions of pricing decision variables. In this research, we pay attentions to the retailer Stackelberg pricing game, and discuss the effects when choosing different decision variables. According the literature it was shown that the strategies between channel members depend critically on the form of the demand function. Two different demand forms—linear and non-linear—will be considered in our numerical example respectively. Our major finding is the outcomes are not relative to manufacturers' pricing decisions but to the retailer's pricing decision and choosing percentage margin as retailer's decision variable is the best strategy for the retailer but worst for manufacturers. The numerical results show that it is consistence between linear and non-linear demand form.

Stakeholder attitudes towards cumulative and aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides.

PubMed

Verbeke, Wim; Van Loo, Ellen J; Vanhonacker, Filiep; Delcour, Ilse; Spanoghe, Pieter; van Klaveren, Jacob D

2015-05-01

This study evaluates the attitudes and perspectives of different stakeholder groups (agricultural producers, pesticide manufacturers, trading companies, retailers, regulators, food safety authorities, scientists and NGOs) towards the concepts of cumulative and aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides by means of qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 15) and a quantitative stakeholder survey (n = 65). The stakeholders involved generally agreed that the use of chemical pesticides is needed, primarily for meeting the need of feeding the growing world population, while clearly acknowledging the problematic nature of human exposure to pesticide residues. Current monitoring was generally perceived to be adequate, but the timeliness and consistency of monitoring practices across countries were questioned. The concept of cumulative exposure assessment was better understood by stakeholders than the concept of aggregate exposure assessment. Identified pitfalls were data availability, data limitations, sources and ways of dealing with uncertainties, as well as information and training needs. Regulators and food safety authorities were perceived as the stakeholder groups for whom cumulative and aggregate pesticide exposure assessment methods and tools would be most useful and acceptable. Insights obtained from this exploratory study have been integrated in the development of targeted and stakeholder-tailored dissemination and training programmes that were implemented within the EU-FP7 project ACROPOLIS. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New frontier, new power: the retail environment in Australia's dark market.

PubMed

Carter, S M

2003-12-01

To investigate the role of the retail environment in cigarette marketing in Australia, one of the "darkest" markets in the world. Analysis of 172 tobacco industry documents; and articles and advertisements found by hand searching Australia's three leading retail trade journals. As Australian cigarette marketing was increasingly restricted, the retail environment became the primary communication vehicle for building cigarette brands. When retail marketing was restricted, the industry conceded only incrementally and under duress, and at times continues to break the law. The tobacco industry targets retailers via trade promotional expenditure, financial and practical assistance with point of sale marketing, alliance building, brand advertising, and distribution. Cigarette brand advertising in retail magazines are designed to build brand identities. Philip Morris and British American Tobacco are now competing to control distribution of all products to retailers, placing themselves at the heart of retail business. Cigarette companies prize retail marketing in Australia's dark market. Stringent point of sale marketing restrictions should be included in any comprehensive tobacco control measures. Relationships between retailers and the industry will be more difficult to regulate. Retail press advertising and trade promotional expenditure could be banned. In-store marketing assistance, retail-tobacco industry alliance building, and new electronic retail distribution systems may be less amenable to regulation. Alliances between the health and retail sectors and financial support for a move away from retail dependence on tobacco may be necessary to effect cultural change.

21 CFR 1314.25 - Requirements for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Requirements for retail transactions. 1314.25 Section 1314.25 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.25 Requirements for retail transactions...

21 CFR 1314.25 - Requirements for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Requirements for retail transactions. 1314.25 Section 1314.25 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.25 Requirements for retail transactions...

21 CFR 1314.25 - Requirements for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Requirements for retail transactions. 1314.25 Section 1314.25 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.25 Requirements for retail transactions...

21 CFR 1314.25 - Requirements for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Requirements for retail transactions. 1314.25 Section 1314.25 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.25 Requirements for retail transactions...

21 CFR 1314.25 - Requirements for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Requirements for retail transactions. 1314.25 Section 1314.25 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.25 Requirements for retail transactions...

Retail Building Guide for Entrance Energy Efficiency Measures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stein, J.; Kung, F.

2012-03-01

This booklet is based on the findings of an infiltration analysis for supermarkets and large retail buildings without refrigerated cases. It enables retail building managers and engineers to calculate the energy savings potential for vestibule additions for supermarkets; and bay door operation changes in large retail stores without refrigerated cases. Retail managers can use initial estimates to decide whether to engage vendors or contractors of vestibules for pricing or site-specific analyses, or to decide whether to test bay door operation changes in pilot stores, respectively.

76 FR 62327 - Retail Inventory Method

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-07

... Retail Inventory Method AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: This document contains proposed regulations relating to the retail inventory method of... inventory method and provide a special rule for certain taxpayers that receive margin protection payments...

Policy Implications of the Use of Retail Clinics

PubMed Central

Weinick, Robin M.; Pollack, Craig Evan; Fisher, Michael P.; Gillen, Emily M.; Mehrotra, Ateev

2011-01-01

Abstract Retail clinics, located within larger retail stores, treat a limited number of acute conditions and offer a small set of preventive services. Although there are nearly 1,200 such clinics in the United States, a great deal about their utilization, relationships with other parts of the health care system, and quality of care remains unknown. The federal government has taken only limited action regarding retail clinics, and little evidence exists about the potential costs and benefits of integrating retail clinics into federal programs and initiatives. Through a literature review, semistructured interviews, and a panel of experts, the authors show that retail clinics have established a niche in the health care system based on their convenience and customer service. Levels of patient satisfaction and of the quality and appropriateness of care appear comparable to those of other provider types. However, we know little about the effects of retail clinic use on preventive services, care coordination, and care continuity. As clinics begin to expand into other areas of care, including chronic disease management, and as the number of patients with insurance increases and the shortage of primary care physicians continues, answering outstanding questions about retail clinics' role in the health care system will become even more important. These changes will create new opportunities for health policy to influence both how retail clinics function and the ways in which their care is integrated with that of other providers. PMID:28083196

An integrated eVoucher mechanism for flexible loads in real-time retail electricity market

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Tao; Pourbabak, Hajir; Liang, Zheming

This study proposes an innovative economic and engineering coupled framework to encourage typical flexible loads or load aggregators, such as parking lots with high penetration of electric vehicles, to participate directly in the real-time retail electricity market based on an integrated eVoucher program. The integrated eVoucher program entails demand side management, either in the positive or negative direction, following a popular customer-centric design principle. It provides the extra economic benefit to end-users and reduces the risk associated with the wholesale electricity market for electric distribution companies (EDCs), meanwhile improving the potential resilience of the distribution networks with consideration for frequencymore » deviations. When implemented, the eVoucher program allows typical flexible loads, such as electric vehicle parking lots, to adjust their demand and consumption behavior according to financial incentives from an EDC. A distribution system operator (DSO) works as a third party to hasten negotiations between such parking lots and EDCs, as well as the price clearing process. Eventually, both electricity retailers and power system operators will benefit from the active participation of the flexible loads and energy customers.« less

An integrated eVoucher mechanism for flexible loads in real-time retail electricity market

DOE PAGES

Chen, Tao; Pourbabak, Hajir; Liang, Zheming; ...

2017-01-26

This study proposes an innovative economic and engineering coupled framework to encourage typical flexible loads or load aggregators, such as parking lots with high penetration of electric vehicles, to participate directly in the real-time retail electricity market based on an integrated eVoucher program. The integrated eVoucher program entails demand side management, either in the positive or negative direction, following a popular customer-centric design principle. It provides the extra economic benefit to end-users and reduces the risk associated with the wholesale electricity market for electric distribution companies (EDCs), meanwhile improving the potential resilience of the distribution networks with consideration for frequencymore » deviations. When implemented, the eVoucher program allows typical flexible loads, such as electric vehicle parking lots, to adjust their demand and consumption behavior according to financial incentives from an EDC. A distribution system operator (DSO) works as a third party to hasten negotiations between such parking lots and EDCs, as well as the price clearing process. Eventually, both electricity retailers and power system operators will benefit from the active participation of the flexible loads and energy customers.« less

Who stops selling? A systematic analysis of ex-tobacco retailers.

PubMed

Feletto, Eleonora; Burton, Suzan; Williams, Kelly; Fry, Rae; Sutton, Clare; Bagus, Lachlan; Egger, Sam

2016-03-09

There is evidence that wide distribution of cigarettes contributes to smoking, and multiple commentators have called for a review of tobacco retailing. This study analyses retailers who stop selling cigarettes, why they do so, and discusses the implications for tobacco control. An audit of tobacco retailers in the Australian state of NSW was used to identify retailers who had stopped selling tobacco, and they were then compared with current retailers to determine how many, and what types of outlets stop selling tobacco. Attempts were made to contact and interview all former tobacco retailers identified in three audited regions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 ex-tobacco retailers, or 31% of the subset of ex-tobacco retailers. Low-volume outlet types were over-represented as a proportion of retailers exiting the market, and some had resumed selling within 18 months of the audit. Low profits were often cited as a contributor to stopping; however, in all but one case, the decision to stop selling was also influenced by a significant change in business circumstances-either legislative or other business changes. Few retailers stop selling tobacco while continuing in the same business, and those who stop disproportionately represent retailer types with low sales volume. The results suggest that legislative changes provide a window where retailers could be prompted to exit the market. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

New frontier, new power: the retail environment in Australia's dark market

PubMed Central

Carter, S

2003-01-01

Objective: To investigate the role of the retail environment in cigarette marketing in Australia, one of the "darkest" markets in the world. Design: Analysis of 172 tobacco industry documents; and articles and advertisements found by hand searching Australia's three leading retail trade journals. Results: As Australian cigarette marketing was increasingly restricted, the retail environment became the primary communication vehicle for building cigarette brands. When retail marketing was restricted, the industry conceded only incrementally and under duress, and at times continues to break the law. The tobacco industry targets retailers via trade promotional expenditure, financial and practical assistance with point of sale marketing, alliance building, brand advertising, and distribution. Cigarette brand advertising in retail magazines are designed to build brand identities. Philip Morris and British American Tobacco are now competing to control distribution of all products to retailers, placing themselves at the heart of retail business. Conclusions: Cigarette companies prize retail marketing in Australia's dark market. Stringent point of sale marketing restrictions should be included in any comprehensive tobacco control measures. Relationships between retailers and the industry will be more difficult to regulate. Retail press advertising and trade promotional expenditure could be banned. In-store marketing assistance, retail–tobacco industry alliance building, and new electronic retail distribution systems may be less amenable to regulation. Alliances between the health and retail sectors and financial support for a move away from retail dependence on tobacco may be necessary to effect cultural change. PMID:14645954

47 CFR 301.6 - Retailer participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... responsible for checking consumer or household eligibility but shall report to NTIA suspicious patterns of customer behavior. (4) Use commercially reasonable methods to order and manage inventory to meet customer... requires the retailers to self certify that they: (A) Have been engaged in the consumer electronics retail...

7 CFR 274.3 - Retailer management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM ISSUANCE AND USE OF PROGRAM BENEFITS § 274.3 Retailer... participate in the EBT system. An authorized food retailer shall not be required to participate in an EBT...

An Introduction to Retail Electricity Choice in the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Shengru

Retail electricity choice in the United States allows end-use customers (including industrial, commercial, and residential customers) to buy electricity from competitive retail suppliers. This brochure offers an overview of retail electricity choice in the United States, and its impact on prices and renewable energy procurement. It concludes with three lessons learned from the U.S. retail market experience that may serve as a reference for other countries and regions taking steps towards retail electricity market liberalization.

A Services Marketing Perspective on E-Retailing: Implications for E-Retailers and Directions for Further Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolesar, Mark B.; Galbraith, R. Wayne

2000-01-01

Applying a body of theory and empirical research in the study of customer loyalty drivers in the services sector, this paper sets out a number of marketing and Web site design implications for e-retailers. It then suggests several means by which e-retailers can manage customer perceptions to increase sales and develop greater customer loyalty.…

Simulating Retail Banking for Banking Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Supramaniam, Mahadevan; Shanmugam, Bala

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation flow and development of retail bank management simulation based training system which could provide a comprehensive knowledge about the operations and management of banks for the banking students. The prototype of a Retail banking simulation based training system was developed based on…

Food waste reduction practices in German food retail.

PubMed

Hermsdorf, David; Rombach, Meike; Bitsch, Vera

2017-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to investigate food retailers food waste reduction practices in Germany. The focus is on selling and redistributing agricultural produce with visual impairments and other surplus food items. In addition, drivers and barriers regarding the implementation of both waste reduction practices are explored. In total, 12 in-depth interviews with managerial actors in the food retail sector and a food bank spokesperson were recorded, transcribed and analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. In contrast to organic retailers, conventional retailers were reluctant to include agricultural produce with visual impairments in their product assortments, due to fears of negative consumer reactions. Another obstacle was EU marketing standards for specific produce. All retailers interviewed engaged in redistribution of surplus food. Logistics and the regulatory framework were the main barriers to food redistribution. The present study adds to the existing body of literature on food waste reduction practices as it explores selling produce with visual impairments and elaborates on the legal background of food redistribution in German retail. The results are the foundation for providing recommendations to policy makers and charitable food organizations.

27 CFR 31.94 - Retail dealers “At Large.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retail dealers âAt Large.â 31.94 Section 31.94 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Locations § 31.94 Retail dealers “At Large.” A retail dealer in liquors or a retail dealer in beer whose...

27 CFR 31.94 - Retail dealers “At Large.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail dealers âAt Large.â 31.94 Section 31.94 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Locations § 31.94 Retail dealers “At Large.” A retail dealer in liquors or a retail dealer in beer whose...

27 CFR 31.94 - Retail dealers “At Large.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail dealers âAt Large.â 31.94 Section 31.94 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Locations § 31.94 Retail dealers “At Large.” A retail dealer in liquors or a retail dealer in beer whose...

27 CFR 31.94 - Retail dealers “At Large.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail dealers âAt Large.â 31.94 Section 31.94 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... Locations § 31.94 Retail dealers “At Large.” A retail dealer in liquors or a retail dealer in beer whose...

RETAIL ORGANIZATION, A SUGGESTED ADULT DISTRIBUTIVE EDUCATION COURSE OUTLINE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MAURO, RALPH N.; AND OTHERS

THIS SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR A COURSE ON RETAIL ORGANIZATION IS PLANNED FOR FIVE 2-HOUR SESSIONS ON (1) EVOLUTION OF RETAIL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, (2) ORGANIZATION, INCLUDING CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES, AND PRACTICES, (3) TYPICAL RETAIL ORGANIZATION PATTERNS, (4) ORGANIZATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANAYSIS, INCLUDING MERCHANDISING, SALES PROMOTION, AND…

An investigation of Forex market efficiency based on detrended fluctuation analysis: A case study for Iran

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abounoori, Esmaiel; Shahrazi, Mahdi; Rasekhi, Saeed

2012-06-01

The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) states that asset prices fully reflect all available information. As a result, speculators cannot predict the future behavior of asset prices and earn excess profits at least after adjusting for risk. Although initial tests of the EMH were performed on stock market data, the EMH was soon applied to other markets including foreign exchange (FX). This study uses the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) technique to test 01:12:2005-18:04:2010 Iranian Rial/US Dollar exchange rate time series data to see if it can be explained by the weak form of the EMH. Moreover, to determine changes in the degree of inefficiency over time, the whole period has been divided into four subperiods. The study shows that the Iranian Forex market (the Rial/Dollar case) is weak-form inefficient over the whole period and in each of the subperiods. However, the degree of inefficiency is not constant over time. The findings suggest that profitable risk-adjusted trades could be made using past data.

Jumping into the healthcare retail market: our experience.

PubMed

Pollert, Pat; Dobberstein, Darla; Wiisanen, Ronald

2008-01-01

Who among us has not heard of the retail-based clinic concept? Retail-based clinics have been springing up across the country in Target, Walmart, grocery stores, drugstores, and shopping malls. Due to multiple marketplace issues, others who have not traditionally been providers of healthcare saw an opportunity to meet the consumer's demand. Do retail and healthcare mix, and can this model be successful? MeritCare Health System in Fargo, ND made the decision to embrace and experiment with this new emerging consumerism model. This article reviews our experience in developing the first retail-based clinic in our service area and the state of North Dakota.

Integrating Tobacco Control and Obesity Prevention Initiatives at Retail Outlets

PubMed Central

D’Angelo, Heather; Evenson, Kelly R.; Fleischhacker, Sheila; Myers, Allison E.; Rose, Shyanika W.

2016-01-01

Tobacco products are sold in approximately 375,000 US retail outlets, including convenience stores and pharmacies, which often sell energy-dense, low-nutrient foods and beverages. The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) increased authority over tobacco product sales and marketing, combined with declining smoking rates, provides an opportunity to transition tobacco retailers toward healthier retail environments. Unfortunately, research into improving consumer retail environments is often conducted in isolation by researchers working in tobacco control, nutrition, and physical activity. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to transform tobacco retailers from stores that are dependent on a declining product category, to the sale and promotion of healthful foods and creating environments conducive to active living. The objective of this article is to describe the potential for interdisciplinary efforts to transition retailers away from selling and promoting tobacco products and toward creating retail environments that promote healthful eating and active living. PMID:26963859

Integrating Tobacco Control and Obesity Prevention Initiatives at Retail Outlets.

PubMed

Ribisl, Kurt M; D'Angelo, Heather; Evenson, Kelly R; Fleischhacker, Sheila; Myers, Allison E; Rose, Shyanika W

2016-03-10

Tobacco products are sold in approximately 375,000 US retail outlets, including convenience stores and pharmacies, which often sell energy-dense, low-nutrient foods and beverages. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) increased authority over tobacco product sales and marketing, combined with declining smoking rates, provides an opportunity to transition tobacco retailers toward healthier retail environments. Unfortunately, research into improving consumer retail environments is often conducted in isolation by researchers working in tobacco control, nutrition, and physical activity. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to transform tobacco retailers from stores that are dependent on a declining product category, to the sale and promotion of healthful foods and creating environments conducive to active living. The objective of this article is to describe the potential for interdisciplinary efforts to transition retailers away from selling and promoting tobacco products and toward creating retail environments that promote healthful eating and active living.

Retailing: Careers in the Department Store Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Gail M.

1982-01-01

The retailing industry is overviewed and executive training programs are detailed. Jobs in retailing are described: merchandising, department manager, assistant buyer, buyer, merchandise manager, and store manager. Also discussed are operations, financial control, and personnel management. (CT)

Retailer opinions about and compliance with family smoking prevention and tobacco control act point of sale provisions: a survey of tobacco retailers.

PubMed

Rose, Shyanika W; Emery, Sherry L; Ennett, Susan; Reyes, Heathe Luz McNaughton; Scott, John C; Ribisl, Kurt M

2015-09-11

The objectives of this study were to document retailer opinions about tobacco control policy at the point of sale (POS) and link these opinions with store level compliance with sales and marketing provisions of the Tobacco Control Act. This study conducted interviews of 252 tobacco retailers in three counties in North Carolina and linked their opinions with in-person observational audit data of their stores' compliance with POS policies. We conducted analyses examining retailer factors associated with noncompliance using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) controlling for individual, store, neighborhood, and county factors. Over 90 % of retailers support minors' access provisions and a large minority (over 40 %) support graphic warnings and promotion bans. Low levels of support were found for a potential ban on menthol cigarettes (17 %). Store noncompliance with tobacco control policies was associated with both more reported retailer barriers to compliance and less support for POS policies. Awareness of and source of information about tobacco control regulations were not associated with compliance when accounting for neighborhood and county characteristics. Retailers expressed some support for a wide range of POS policies. Advocates and government agencies tasked with enforcement can work with retailers as stakeholders to enhance support, mitigate barriers, and promote compliance with tobacco control efforts at the point of sale.

15 CFR 400.45 - Retail trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Retail trade. 400.45 Section 400.45 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE REGULATIONS OF THE FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD Zone Operations and Administrative Requirements § 400.45 Retail...

24 CFR 3282.256 - Distributor or retailer complaint handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Where a distributor or retailer receives a consumer complaint or other information concerning a... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Distributor or retailer complaint... Distributor Responsibilities § 3282.256 Distributor or retailer complaint handling. (a) When a distributor or...

FOREX-A Fiber Optics Diagnostic System For Study Of Materials At High Temperatures And Pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, D. E.; Roeske, F.

1983-03-01

We have successfully fielded a Fiber Optics Radiation EXperiment system (FOREX) designed for measuring material properties at high temperatures and pressures on an underground nuclear test. The system collects light from radiating materials and transmits it through several hundred meters of optical fibers to a recording station consisting of a streak camera with film readout. The use of fiber optics provides a faster time response than can presently be obtained with equalized coaxial cables over comparable distances. Fibers also have significant cost and physical size advantages over coax cables. The streak camera achieves a much higher information density than an equivalent oscilloscope system, and it also serves as the light detector. The result is a wide bandwidth high capacity system that can be fielded at a relatively low cost in manpower, space, and materials. For this experiment, the streak camera had a 120 ns time window with a 1.2 ns time resolution. Dynamic range for the system was about 1000. Beam current statistical limitations were approximately 8% for a 0.3 ns wide data point at one decade above the threshold recording intensity.

7 CFR 278.2 - Participation of retail food stores.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Participation of retail food stores. 278.2 Section 278..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PARTICIPATION OF RETAIL FOOD STORES, WHOLESALE FOOD CONCERNS AND INSURED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS § 278.2 Participation of retail food stores. (a...

7 CFR 278.2 - Participation of retail food stores.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Participation of retail food stores. 278.2 Section 278..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PARTICIPATION OF RETAIL FOOD STORES, WHOLESALE FOOD CONCERNS AND INSURED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS § 278.2 Participation of retail food stores. (a...

Interaction among actors in retail market competition in malang city

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurniawan, B.; Ma'ruf, M. F.

2018-01-01

In several countries, traditional market lose in competition with supermarket. Supermarket has several advantages compared with traditional market. It can provides consumers with lower prices, offer more varieties of products and higher quality products than traditional retailers, has more comfortable place for shopping. In Malang City, the existence of traditional traders was threatened. In a competitive retail market, traditional traders get less protection from the Government of Malang Municipality. Massive demonstrations conducted by traditional traders along with other society elements unable to stem the rapid growth of modern retail. This paper focus on the interaction of Malang Municipality actors in the local retail market competition. How those interaction can make imbalance retail market competition. The author uses descriptive-analytic method with a qualitative approach in this work. As a result, the interaction tend to produce imbalance retail market competition. Interaction between legislative, executive, bureaucracy and mass media tend to support modern retail growth than traditional one.

27 CFR 6.85 - Temporary retailers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Temporary retailers. 6.85 Section 6.85 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Exceptions § 6.85 Temporary retailers. (a) General. The furnishing of things of value to a temporary...

27 CFR 6.85 - Temporary retailers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Temporary retailers. 6.85 Section 6.85 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Exceptions § 6.85 Temporary retailers. (a) General. The furnishing of things of value to a temporary...

Retail clinic visits and receipt of primary care.

PubMed

Reid, Rachel O; Ashwood, J Scott; Friedberg, Mark W; Weber, Ellerie S; Setodji, Claude M; Mehrotra, Ateev

2013-04-01

An increasing number of patients are visiting retail clinics for simple acute conditions. Physicians worry that visits to retail clinics will interfere with primary care relationships. No prior study has evaluated the impact of retail clinics on receipt of primary care. To assess the association between retail clinic use and receipt of key primary care functions. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using commercial insurance claims from 2007 to 2009. We identified patients who had a visit for a simple acute condition in 2008, the "index visit". We divided these 127,358 patients into two cohorts according to the location of that index visit: primary care provider (PCP) versus retail clinic. We evaluated three functions of primary care: (1) where patients first sought care for subsequent simple acute conditions; (2) continuity of care using the Bice-Boxerman index; and (3) preventive care and diabetes management. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we compared care received in the 365 days following the index visit to care received in the 365 days prior, using propensity score weights to account for selection bias. Visiting a retail clinic instead of a PCP for the index visit was associated with a 27.7 visits per 100 patients differential reduction (p < 0 .001) in subsequent PCP visits for new simple acute conditions. Visiting a retail clinic instead of a PCP was also associated with decreased subsequent continuity of care (10.9 percentage-point differential reduction in Bice-Boxerman index, p < 0 .001). There was no differential change between the cohorts in receipt of preventive care or diabetes management. Retail clinics may disrupt two aspects of primary care: whether patients go to a PCP first for new conditions and continuity of care. However, they do not negatively impact preventive care or diabetes management.

Tobacco Town: Computational Modeling of Policy Options to Reduce Tobacco Retailer Density.

PubMed

Luke, Douglas A; Hammond, Ross A; Combs, Todd; Sorg, Amy; Kasman, Matt; Mack-Crane, Austen; Ribisl, Kurt M; Henriksen, Lisa

2017-05-01

To identify the behavioral mechanisms and effects of tobacco control policies designed to reduce tobacco retailer density. We developed the Tobacco Town agent-based simulation model to examine 4 types of retailer reduction policies: (1) random retailer reduction, (2) restriction by type of retailer, (3) limiting proximity of retailers to schools, and (4) limiting proximity of retailers to each other. The model examined the effects of these policies alone and in combination across 4 different types of towns, defined by 2 levels of population density (urban vs suburban) and 2 levels of income (higher vs lower). Model results indicated that reduction of retailer density has the potential to decrease accessibility of tobacco products by driving up search and purchase costs. Policy effects varied by town type: proximity policies worked better in dense, urban towns whereas retailer type and random retailer reduction worked better in less-dense, suburban settings. Comprehensive retailer density reduction policies have excellent potential to reduce the public health burden of tobacco use in communities.

Development of a Cooperative Retailing Program for the Disadvantaged.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Litzinger, F. Donald; And Others.

This report presents a two-year junior college retailing curriculum for the disadvantaged, proposed on the basis of answers to questionnaires sent to retailing industries in the Metropolitan Rochester area. The questionnaires were designed to assess the need and feasibility of such a retailing program and to ascertain qualifications required to…

19 CFR 10.922 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.922... Trade Promotion Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.922 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale...

27 CFR 31.35 - Limited retail dealer; persons eligible.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Limited retail dealer... Part Dealers Classified § 31.35 Limited retail dealer; persons eligible. Any person selling distilled... “limited retail dealer” if the person or organization is not otherwise engaged in business as a dealer. (26...

19 CFR 10.922 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.922... Trade Promotion Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.922 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale...

19 CFR 10.601 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.601...-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.601 Retail packaging materials and... for retail sale, if classified with the good for which preferential tariff treatment under the CAFTA...

27 CFR 31.35 - Limited retail dealer; persons eligible.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Limited retail dealer... Part Dealers Classified § 31.35 Limited retail dealer; persons eligible. Any person selling distilled... “limited retail dealer” if the person or organization is not otherwise engaged in business as a dealer. (26...

19 CFR 10.922 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.922... Trade Promotion Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.922 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale...

19 CFR 10.3022 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.3022...-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.3022 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail...

19 CFR 10.2022 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.2022... Trade Promotion Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.2022 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail...

27 CFR 31.35 - Limited retail dealer; persons eligible.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Limited retail dealer... Part Dealers Classified § 31.35 Limited retail dealer; persons eligible. Any person selling distilled... “limited retail dealer” if the person or organization is not otherwise engaged in business as a dealer. (26...

19 CFR 10.601 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.601...-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.601 Retail packaging materials and... for retail sale, if classified with the good for which preferential tariff treatment under the CAFTA...

19 CFR 10.3022 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.3022...-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.3022 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail...

27 CFR 31.35 - Limited retail dealer; persons eligible.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limited retail dealer... Part Dealers Classified § 31.35 Limited retail dealer; persons eligible. Any person selling distilled... “limited retail dealer” if the person or organization is not otherwise engaged in business as a dealer. (26...

19 CFR 10.601 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.601...-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.601 Retail packaging materials and... for retail sale, if classified with the good for which preferential tariff treatment under the CAFTA...

19 CFR 10.601 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.601...-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.601 Retail packaging materials and... for retail sale, if classified with the good for which preferential tariff treatment under the CAFTA...

27 CFR 31.35 - Limited retail dealer; persons eligible.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Limited retail dealer... Part Dealers Classified § 31.35 Limited retail dealer; persons eligible. Any person selling distilled... “limited retail dealer” if the person or organization is not otherwise engaged in business as a dealer. (26...

Tobacco Attitudes and Behaviors of Vape Shop Retailers in Los Angeles.

PubMed

Allem, Jon-Patrick; Unger, Jennifer B; Garcia, Robert; Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes; Sussman, Steve

2015-11-01

The growing popularity of e-cigarettes has been accompanied by the proliferation of vape shops in the US. Vape shops are devoted to the sale and use of e-cigarettes, allowing customers to sample flavors and learn about different hardware from retailers. Research on vape shop retailers is lagging behind their popularity. This study documented the attitudes and behaviors regarding e-cigarettes and other tobacco products of retailers located in Los Angeles. Surveys were conducted among retailers at 78 vape shops in 2014. The majority of retailers (76%) believed e-cigarettes are safer than combustible cigarettes, with about one-fourth believing e-cigarettes are completely safe. Retailers believed e-cigarettes are, on average, safer than products (eg, nicotine patch, gum, and inhaler) that have been approved for cessation by the FDA. About 14% of retailers reported dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in the past month. This is the first study to investigate tobacco-related behaviors and attitudes of vape shop retailers located in Los Angeles. Educating vape shop retailers on the benefits and harms of e-cigarettes is important, especially if retailers are to be informed about a product that is only now being considered to receive regulation from the FDA.

29 CFR 779.413 - Methods of compensation of retail store employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Methods of compensation of retail store employees. 779.413... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.413 Methods of compensation of retail store employees. (a) Retail or service establishment employees are generally compensated...

29 CFR 779.413 - Methods of compensation of retail store employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Methods of compensation of retail store employees. 779.413... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.413 Methods of compensation of retail store employees. (a) Retail or service establishment employees are generally compensated...

29 CFR 779.413 - Methods of compensation of retail store employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Methods of compensation of retail store employees. 779.413... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.413 Methods of compensation of retail store employees. (a) Retail or service establishment employees are generally compensated...

29 CFR 779.413 - Methods of compensation of retail store employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Methods of compensation of retail store employees. 779.413... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.413 Methods of compensation of retail store employees. (a) Retail or service establishment employees are generally compensated...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

19 CFR 10.461 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.461... Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.461 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

27 CFR 31.51 - Wholesale dealers making retail sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... retail sales. 31.51 Section 31.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Persons Exempt from Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.51 Wholesale dealers making retail sales. A... under this part, is exempt from registration at that place as a retail dealer in liquors or in beer. ...

19 CFR 10.1022 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.1022... Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.1022 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

19 CFR 10.461 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.461... Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.461 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

27 CFR 31.51 - Wholesale dealers making retail sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... retail sales. 31.51 Section 31.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Persons Exempt from Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.51 Wholesale dealers making retail sales. A... under this part, is exempt from registration at that place as a retail dealer in liquors or in beer. ...

19 CFR 10.461 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.461... Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.461 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

19 CFR 10.539 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.539...-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.539 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

19 CFR 10.1022 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.1022... Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.1022 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if...

27 CFR 31.51 - Wholesale dealers making retail sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... retail sales. 31.51 Section 31.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Persons Exempt from Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.51 Wholesale dealers making retail sales. A... under this part, is exempt from registration at that place as a retail dealer in liquors or in beer. ...

19 CFR 10.461 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.461... Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.461 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

19 CFR 146.14 - Retail trade within a zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail trade within a zone. 146.14 Section 146.14 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES General Provisions § 146.14 Retail trade within a zone. Retail...

19 CFR 10.539 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.539...-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.539 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

19 CFR 10.539 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.539...-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.539 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

19 CFR 10.539 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.539...-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.539 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if classified with the good for which...

27 CFR 31.51 - Wholesale dealers making retail sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... retail sales. 31.51 Section 31.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Persons Exempt from Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.51 Wholesale dealers making retail sales. A... under this part, is exempt from registration at that place as a retail dealer in liquors or in beer. ...

19 CFR 10.1022 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail packaging materials and containers. 10.1022... Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.1022 Retail packaging materials and containers. (a) Effect on tariff shift rule. Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale, if...

47 CFR 51.609 - Determination of avoided retail costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determination of avoided retail costs. 51.609... (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Resale § 51.609 Determination of avoided retail costs. (a) Except as provided in § 51.611, the amount of avoided retail costs shall be determined on the basis of a cost study that...

27 CFR 31.51 - Wholesale dealers making retail sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... retail sales. 31.51 Section 31.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Persons Exempt from Registration And/or Recordkeeping § 31.51 Wholesale dealers making retail sales. A... under this part, is exempt from registration at that place as a retail dealer in liquors or in beer. ...

"People over profits": retailers who voluntarily ended tobacco sales.

PubMed

McDaniel, Patricia A; Malone, Ruth E

2014-01-01

Tobacco retailers are key players in the ongoing tobacco epidemic. Tobacco outlet density is linked to a greater likelihood of youth and adult smoking and greater difficulty quitting. While public policy efforts to address the tobacco problem at the retail level have been limited, some retailers have voluntarily ended tobacco sales. A previous pilot study examined this phenomenon in California, a state with a strong tobacco program focused on denormalizing smoking and the tobacco industry. We sought to learn what motivated retailers in other states to end tobacco sales and how the public and media responded. We conducted interviews with owners, managers, or representatives of six grocery stores in New York and Ohio that had voluntarily ended tobacco sales since 2007. We also conducted unobtrusive observations at stores and analyzed media coverage of each retailer's decision. Grocery store owners ended tobacco sales for two reasons, alone or in combination: health or ethics-related, including a desire to send a consistent health message to employees and customers, and business-related, including declining tobacco sales or poor fit with the store's image. The decision to end sales often appeared to resolve troubling contradictions between retailers' values and selling deadly products. New York retailers attributed declining sales to high state tobacco taxes. All reported largely positive customer reactions and most received media coverage. Forty-one percent of news items were letters to the editor or editorials; most (69%) supported the decision. Voluntary decisions by retailers to abandon tobacco sales may lay the groundwork for mandatory policies and further denormalize tobacco. Our study also suggests that high tobacco taxes may have both direct and indirect effects on tobacco use. Highlighting the contradictions between being a responsible business and selling deadly products may support voluntary decisions by retailers to end tobacco sales.

Bridging Theory and Practice in an Applied Retail Track

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lange, Fredrik; Rosengren, Sara; Colliander, Jonas; Hernant, Mikael; Liljedal, Karina T.

2018-01-01

In this article, we present an educational approach that bridges theory and practice: an applied retail track. The track has been co-created by faculty and 10 partnering retail companies and runs in parallel with traditional courses during a 3-year bachelor's degree program in retail management. The underlying pedagogical concept is to move retail…

Performance comparison of plastic shopping bags in modern and traditional retail

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radini, F. A.; Wulandari, R.; Nasiri, S. J. A.; Winarto, D. A.

2017-07-01

Followed by implementation of paid plastic bag policy in Indonesia’s modern and traditional retail, community question related to plastic shopping bag performance arise. But, there is limited information about it. Therefore, the assessment of the performance to compare between plastic shopping bags in modern retail and traditional retail should be interesting. The observation performance of plastic shopping bag were weight holding capacity, tear resistant and elongation. This performance were tested using Universal Testing Machine. Physical and physico-chemical properties also identified to determine factor affecting the performance of plastic shopping bag. The physical properties were analysed using visual and thickness gauge to see the colour and measure the thickness. The analysis of physico-chemical properties were carried out using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), TGA (Thermal Gravimetry Analysis), Furnace and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy) to identify the materials, also its melting and decomposition temperature. The result showed that the performance difference between modern retail plastic bag with traditional retail plastic bag appears only in the performance of elongation. The elongation of modern retail plastic bag is 121 - 413%, while traditional has 170 - 609%. According to physico-chemical test result, modern retail and traditional retail plastic bag contain polyethylene as main material and has melting temperature in the range of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) melting temperature. However, modern retail plastic bag has 18.31 - 33.87% of inorganic filler percentage, whereas the traditional retail plastic bag has 0.35 - 9.85%. This inorganic filler percentage probably a contributing factor in the elongation performance difference between modern retail plastic bag with traditional retail plastic bag.

Clostridium perfringens in retail chicken.

PubMed

Nowell, Victoria J; Poppe, Cornelis; Parreira, Valeria R; Jiang, Yan-Fen; Reid-Smith, Richard; Prescott, John F

2010-06-01

Clostridium perfringens isolates were recovered by enrichment from retail grocery chicken samples (n = 88) in Ontario, Canada, with one sample per site. The gene associated with necrotic enteritis in chickens, netB, was found in 21% of the isolates. The tpeL gene was found in 2% and the cpb2 gene in 68% (95% "atypical" genes) of isolates. This study suggests that netB-positive C. perfringens can reach people through retail chicken. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Development and Pilot Testing of the Marijuana Retail Surveillance Tool (MRST): Assessing Marketing and Point-of-Sale Practices among Recreational Marijuana Retailers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berg, Carla J.; Henriksen, Lisa; Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia; Schauer, Gillian L.; Freisthler, Bridget

2017-01-01

As recreational marijuana expands, it is critical to develop standardized surveillance measures to study the retail environment. To this end, our research team developed and piloted a tool assessing recreational marijuana retailers in a convenience sample of 20 Denver retailers in 2016. The tool assesses: (i) compliance and security (e.g.…

Monitoring process hygiene in Serbian retail establishments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vesković Moračanin, S.; Baltić, T.; Milojević, L.

2017-09-01

The present study was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of sanitary procedures on food contact surfaces and food handlers’ hands in Serbian retail establishments. For that purpose, a total of 970 samples from food contact surfaces and 525 samples from workers’ hands were microbiologically analyzed. Results of total aerobic plate count and total Enterobacteriaceae count showed that the implemented washing and disinfection procedures, as a part of HACCP plans, were not effective enough in most retail facilities. Constant and intensive education of employees on proper implementation of sanitation procedures are needed in order to ensure food safety in the retail market.

Validity of secondary retail food outlet data: a systematic review.

PubMed

Fleischhacker, Sheila E; Evenson, Kelly R; Sharkey, Joseph; Pitts, Stephanie B Jilcott; Rodriguez, Daniel A

2013-10-01

Improving access to healthy foods is a promising strategy to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases. To characterize retail food environments and identify areas with limited retail access, researchers, government programs, and community advocates have primarily used secondary retail food outlet data sources (e.g., InfoUSA or government food registries). To advance the state of the science on measuring retail food environments, this systematic review examined the evidence for validity reported for secondary retail food outlet data sources for characterizing retail food environments. A literature search was conducted through December 31, 2012, to identify peer-reviewed published literature that compared secondary retail food outlet data sources to primary data sources (i.e., field observations) for accuracy of identifying the type and location of retail food outlets. Data were analyzed in 2013. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence for validity reported varied by secondary data sources examined, primary data-gathering approaches, retail food outlets examined, and geographic and sociodemographic characteristics. More than half of the studies (53%) did not report evidence for validity by type of food outlet examined and by a particular secondary data source. Researchers should strive to gather primary data but if relying on secondary data sources, InfoUSA and government food registries had higher levels of agreement than reported by other secondary data sources and may provide sufficient accuracy for exploring these associations in large study areas. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

Tobacco Town: Computational Modeling of Policy Options to Reduce Tobacco Retailer Density

PubMed Central

Luke, Douglas A.; Hammond, Ross A.; Combs, Todd; Sorg, Amy; Kasman, Matt; Mack-Crane, Austen; Ribisl, Kurt M.; Henriksen, Lisa

2017-01-01

Objectives To identify the behavioral mechanisms and effects of tobacco control policies designed to reduce tobacco retailer density. Methods We developed the Tobacco Town agent-based simulation model to examine 4 types of retailer reduction policies: (1) random retailer reduction, (2) restriction by type of retailer, (3) limiting proximity of retailers to schools, and (4) limiting proximity of retailers to each other. The model examined the effects of these policies alone and in combination across 4 different types of towns, defined by 2 levels of population density (urban vs suburban) and 2 levels of income (higher vs lower). Results Model results indicated that reduction of retailer density has the potential to decrease accessibility of tobacco products by driving up search and purchase costs. Policy effects varied by town type: proximity policies worked better in dense, urban towns whereas retailer type and random retailer reduction worked better in less-dense, suburban settings. Conclusions Comprehensive retailer density reduction policies have excellent potential to reduce the public health burden of tobacco use in communities. PMID:28398792

Density and Proximity of Licensed Tobacco Retailers and Adolescent Smoking.

PubMed

Gwon, Seok Hyun; DeGuzman, Pamela B; Kulbok, Pamela A; Jeong, Suyong

2017-02-01

Adolescent smoking prevention is an important issue in health care. This literature review describes the theoretical concept of ecological model for adolescent smoking and tobacco retailers and summarizes previous studies on the association between the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and adolescent smoking. We reviewed nine studies on tobacco retailer density and proximity in relation to adolescent smoking, published in peer-reviewed journals between 2004 and 2014. The tobacco retailer density and proximity were correlated with adolescent lifetime smoking, past 12-month smoking, past 30-day smoking, and susceptibility to smoking. School nurses or other school health professionals may need to include the density and proximity of tobacco retailer factors around schools in school-based tobacco-use prevention programs. Health policy makers may need to consider zoning or licensing restrictions of tobacco retailers around schools for adolescent smoking prevention.

Stochastic cooperative advertising in a manufacturer-retailer decentralized supply channel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ezimadu, Peter E.; Nwozo, Chukwuma R.

2017-03-01

This work considers cooperative advertising in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain. While the manufacturer is the Stackelberg leader, the retailer is the follower. Using Sethi model it models the dynamic effect of the manufacturer and retailer's advertising efforts on sale. It uses optimal control technique and stochastic differential game theory to obtain the players' advertising strategies and the long-run value of the awareness share. Further, it models the relationship between the payoffs of both players and the awareness share. The work shows that with the provision of subsidy the retail advertising effort increases while the manufacturer's advertising effort reduces. It further shows that the total channel payoff is higher for subsidised retail advertising. However, the subsidy can only be possible if the rate of growth of the manufacturer's payoff is twice higher than that of the retailer.

Retail and Real Estate: The Changing Landscape of Care Delivery.

PubMed

Mason, Scott A

2015-01-01

By its nature, retail medicine is founded in real estate. That retail medicine has expanded so dramatically in a relatively short period of time has taken people by surprise. This rapid growth of integrating healthcare services into retail real estate begs the question of whether real estate will eventually take on the importance in healthcare delivery that it has in retail. This article advances the view that it will. In the end, what retail and healthcare have in common is that they both reflect the attributes of demanding consumers as part of an experience-based economy, where products and services are sought based on how they fit with their lifestyles and how they make them feel (Pine and Gilmore 1998). Changing the selection process for healthcare services to be more like retail is already expanding how and where healthcare services are delivered.

Retail food environments research in Canada: A scoping review.

PubMed

Minaker, Leia M; Shuh, Alanna; Olstad, Dana L; Engler-Stringer, Rachel; Black, Jennifer L; Mah, Catherine L

2016-06-09

The field of retail food environments research is relatively new in Canada. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of retail food environments research conducted before July 2015 in Canada. Specifically, this review describes research foci and key findings, identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future directions for research. A search of published literature concerning Canadian investigations of retail food environment settings (food stores, restaurants) was conducted in July 2015 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsychInfo and ERIC. Studies published in English that reported qualitative or quantitative data on any aspect of the retail food environment were included, as were conceptual papers and commentaries. Eighty-eight studies were included in this review and suggest that the field of retail food environments research is rapidly expanding in Canada. While only 1 paper was published before 2005, 66 papers were published between 2010 and 2015. Canadian food environments research typically assessed either the socio-economic patterning of food environments (n = 28) or associations between retail food environments and diet, anthropometric or health outcomes (n = 33). Other papers profiled methodological research, qualitative studies, intervention research and critical commentaries (n = 27). Key gaps in the current literature include measurement inconsistency among studies and a lack of longitudinal and intervention studies. Retail food environments are a growing topic of research, policy and program development in Canada. Consistent methods (where appropriate), longitudinal and intervention research, and close partnerships between researchers and key stakeholders would greatly advance the field of retail food environments research in Canada.

The food retail environment and area deprivation in Glasgow City, UK

PubMed Central

Macdonald, Laura; Ellaway, Anne; Macintyre, Sally

2009-01-01

It has previously been suggested that deprived neighbourhoods within modern cities have poor access to general amenities, for example, fewer food retail outlets. Here we examine the distribution of food retailers by deprivation in the City of Glasgow, UK. We obtained a list of 934 food retailers in Glasgow, UK, in 2007, and mapped these at address level. We categorised small areas (data zones) into quintiles of area deprivation using the 2006 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Income sub-domain score. We computed mean number of retailers per 1000 residents per data zone, and mean network distance to nearest outlet from data zone centroid, for all retailers combined and for each of seven categories of retailer separately (i.e. bakers, butchers, fruit and vegetable sellers, fishmongers, convenience stores, supermarkets and delicatessens). The most deprived quintile (of areas) had the greatest mean number of total food retailers per 1000 residents while quintile 1 (least deprived) had the least, and this difference was statistically significant (Chi-square p < 0.01). The closest mean distance to the nearest food retailer was within quintile 3 while the furthest distance was within quintile 1, and this was also statistically significant (Chi-square p < 0.01). There was variation in the distribution of the seven different types of food retailers, and access to amenities depended upon the type of food retailer studied and whether proximity or density was measured. Overall the findings suggested that deprived neighbourhoods within the City of Glasgow did not necessarily have fewer food retail outlets. PMID:19660114

The food retail environment and area deprivation in Glasgow City, UK.

PubMed

Macdonald, Laura; Ellaway, Anne; Macintyre, Sally

2009-08-06

It has previously been suggested that deprived neighbourhoods within modern cities have poor access to general amenities, for example, fewer food retail outlets. Here we examine the distribution of food retailers by deprivation in the City of Glasgow, UK.We obtained a list of 934 food retailers in Glasgow, UK, in 2007, and mapped these at address level. We categorised small areas (data zones) into quintiles of area deprivation using the 2006 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Income sub-domain score. We computed mean number of retailers per 1000 residents per data zone, and mean network distance to nearest outlet from data zone centroid, for all retailers combined and for each of seven categories of retailer separately (i.e. bakers, butchers, fruit and vegetable sellers, fishmongers, convenience stores, supermarkets and delicatessens).The most deprived quintile (of areas) had the greatest mean number of total food retailers per 1000 residents while quintile 1 (least deprived) had the least, and this difference was statistically significant (Chi-square p < 0.01). The closest mean distance to the nearest food retailer was within quintile 3 while the furthest distance was within quintile 1, and this was also statistically significant (Chi-square p < 0.01). There was variation in the distribution of the seven different types of food retailers, and access to amenities depended upon the type of food retailer studied and whether proximity or density was measured. Overall the findings suggested that deprived neighbourhoods within the City of Glasgow did not necessarily have fewer food retail outlets.

Innovation in Hospital Revenues: Developing Retail Sales Channels.

PubMed

Wright, Edward W; Marvel, Jon; Wright, Matthew K

Hospitals are facing increasing cost pressures due to cutbacks by Medicare, Medicaid, and managed-care organizations. There are also rising concerns that public policy may exacerbate the problem. In lieu of these concerns, nascent innovative ways of generating increased revenues are beginning to appear. In particular, a few hospitals have adopted retail sales practices to generate significant nonmedical services revenues. The hospital retail sales opportunity has been compared with that of the airport industry where nearly 50% of revenues are generated by sales of retail products as opposed to aeronautical-related transactions. This initial investigation included a qualitative interview of a health care retail sales expert and a pilot survey of 100 hospital senior executives to gauge the current state of this phenomenon. The industry expert suggested that only 2% of US hospitals have pursued this initiative in a meaningful way. Of the 44 survey responses, only 9 institutions were engaged in e-commerce or retail sales activities. Questions remain as to why this opportunity remains unrealized, and additional research is proposed.

Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite Data Products: All Stations (Retail and Non-Retail Combined), Data through Quarter 3 of 2016

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sprik, Sam; Kurtz, Jennifer; Ainscough, Chris

This publication includes 87 composite data products (CDPs) produced for next generation hydrogen stations with data through the third quarter of 2016. These CDPs include data for all stations in NREL's evaluation (retail and non-retail combined).

Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite Data Products: All Stations (Retail and Non-Retail Combined), Data through Quarter 4 of 2016

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sprik, Sam; Kurtz, Jennifer; Ainscough, Chris

This publication includes 90 composite data products (CDPs) produced for next generation hydrogen stations with data through the fourth quarter of 2016. These CDPs include data for all stations in NREL's evaluation (retail and non-retail combined).

Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite Data Products: All Stations (Retail and Non-Retail Combined), Data through Quarter 2 of 2017

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sprik, Samuel; Kurtz, Jennifer M; Ainscough, Christopher D

This publication includes 95 composite data products (CDPs) produced for next generation hydrogen stations with data through the second quarter of 2017. These CDPs include data for all stations in NREL's evaluation (retail and non-retail combined).

Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite Data Products: All Stations (Retail and Non-Retail Combined), Data through Quarter 4 of 2017

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sprik, Samuel; Kurtz, Jennifer M; Saur, Genevieve

This publication includes 97 composite data products (CDPs) produced for next generation hydrogen stations with data through the fourth quarter of 2017. These CDPs include data for all stations in NREL's evaluation (retail and non-retail combined).

Retail battle for conservation dollars

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCaughey, J.

1981-07-16

Large companies are entering the profitable retail market with conservation equipment and services that will compete for a share of the $10 to $80 billion Americans will spend on energy efficiency this year. Energy centers and clinics are also opening around the country to market products and compete with the utilities for energy audit business. The new retailing efforts are counting on homeowners' willingness to spend money to lower their energy bills. The smaller companies hope to hold their own against competition from large corporations. (DCK)

Energy cost reduction in retailing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The handbook was developed to help retail store owners cut the cost of energy in their businesses. It shows how to recognize and act on energy waste in interior and outdoor lighting, space heating, air conditioning and ventilation, general maintenance, warehousing, delivery, and refrigeration. Energy use in retail stores is significant because of the importance of environmental control, the role of lighting in merchandising, and long hours of operation. A 20 to 30% net cost reduction is possible by applying the recommendations in this handbook.

Developing Strategic Planning for the Retail Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenawalt, Richard A.

1983-01-01

Retailers need a strategic plan that will enable them to adapt to changing trends and work with new ideas. Questions retailers should ask to shape the strategic plan and generic strategies--overall cost leadership, differentiation, and marketing to a particular group or offering a special service--are discussed. (SR)

19 CFR 146.14 - Retail trade within a zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retail trade within a zone. 146.14 Section 146.14 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES General Provisions § 146.14 Retail trade within a zone. Retail trade is prohibited within a zone except as...

19 CFR 146.14 - Retail trade within a zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail trade within a zone. 146.14 Section 146.14 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES General Provisions § 146.14 Retail trade within a zone. Retail trade is prohibited within a zone except as...

19 CFR 146.14 - Retail trade within a zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Retail trade within a zone. 146.14 Section 146.14 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES General Provisions § 146.14 Retail trade within a zone. Retail trade is prohibited within a zone except as...

19 CFR 146.14 - Retail trade within a zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail trade within a zone. 146.14 Section 146.14 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES General Provisions § 146.14 Retail trade within a zone. Retail trade is prohibited within a zone except as...

27 CFR 31.66 - Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Retail dealer selling... Exceptions Persons Who Are Not Dealers in Liquors Or Beer § 31.66 Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation. No retail dealer in liquors or retail dealer in beer shall be deemed to be a wholesale dealer in...

27 CFR 31.66 - Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Retail dealer selling... Exceptions Persons Who Are Not Dealers in Liquors Or Beer § 31.66 Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation. No retail dealer in liquors or retail dealer in beer shall be deemed to be a wholesale dealer in...

27 CFR 31.66 - Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Retail dealer selling... Exceptions Persons Who Are Not Dealers in Liquors Or Beer § 31.66 Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation. No retail dealer in liquors or retail dealer in beer shall be deemed to be a wholesale dealer in...

27 CFR 31.66 - Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Retail dealer selling... Exceptions Persons Who Are Not Dealers in Liquors Or Beer § 31.66 Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation. No retail dealer in liquors or retail dealer in beer shall be deemed to be a wholesale dealer in...

27 CFR 31.66 - Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Retail dealer selling... Exceptions Persons Who Are Not Dealers in Liquors Or Beer § 31.66 Retail dealer selling entire stock in liquidation. No retail dealer in liquors or retail dealer in beer shall be deemed to be a wholesale dealer in...

Tobacco retail policy landscape: a longitudinal survey of US states

PubMed Central

Luke, Douglas A; Sorg, Amy A; Combs, Todd; Robichaux, Christopher B; Moreland-Russell, Sarah; Ribisl, Kurt M; Henriksen, Lisa

2016-01-01

Background There are ∼380 000 tobacco retailers in the USA, where the largest tobacco companies spend almost $9 billion a year to promote their products. No systematic survey has been conducted of state-level activities to regulate the retail environment, thus little is known about what policies are being planned, proposed or implemented. Methods This longitudinal study is the first US survey of state tobacco control programmes (TCPs) about retail policy activities. Surveyed in 2012 and 2014, programme managers (n=46) reported activities in multiple domains: e-cigarettes, retailer density and licensing, non-tax price increases, product placement, advertising and promotion, health warnings and other approaches. Policy activities were reported in one of five levels: no formal activity, planning or advocating, policy was proposed, policy was enacted or policy was implemented. Overall and domain-specific activity scores were calculated for each state. Results The average retail policy activity almost doubled between 2012 and 2014. States with the largest increase in scores included: Minnesota, which established a fee-based tobacco retail licensing system and banned self-service for e-cigarettes and all other tobacco products (OTP); Oregon, Kansas and Maine, all of which banned self-service for OTP; and West Virginia, which banned some types of flavoured OTP. Conclusions Retail policy activities in US states increased dramatically in a short time. Given what is known about the impact of the retail environment on tobacco use by youth and adults, state and local TCPs may want diversify policy priorities by implementing retail policies alongside tax and smoke-free air laws. PMID:27697947

Hematological, biochemical effects, and self-reported symptoms in pesticide retailers.

PubMed

Rojas-García, Aurora Elizabeth; Medina-Díaz, Irma Martha; Robledo-Marenco, María de Lourdes; Barrón-Vivanco, Briscia Socorro; Girón-Pérez, Manuel Iván; Velázquez-Fernández, Jesús Bernardino; González-Arias, Cyndia Azucena; Albores-Medina, Arnulfo; Quintanilla-Vega, Betzabet; Ostrosky-Wegman, Patricia; Rojas-García, María Consuelo; Pérez-Herrera, Norma Elena; López-Flores, Juan Fernando

2011-05-01

This study evaluates the effects of exposure to pesticides on the health of pesticide retailers. The study population comprised 83-male pesticide retailers and 98 controls. Serum butyrylcholinesterase levels and complete blood analysis were performed in a certified laboratory and each subject completed a structured questionnaire. Butyrylcholinesterase activity and hematological parameters such as hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly lower in pesticide retailers than in control subjects. In contrast, platelet count as well as hepatic parameters such as glutamic-pyruvate transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities was higher in pesticide retailers. Furthermore, pesticide retailers experienced burning sensations in the skin more frequently than controls. These preliminary results suggest the importance of evaluating further toxicological biomarkers in these populations.

Betting, Forex Trading, and Fantasy Gaming Sponsorships-a Responsible Marketing Inquiry into the 'Gamblification' of English Football.

PubMed

Lopez-Gonzalez, Hibai; Griffiths, Mark D

2018-01-01

Environmental stimuli in the form of marketing inducements to gamble money on sports have increased in recent years. The purpose of the present paper is to tackle the extended definition of the gamblification of sport using sponsorship and partnership deals of gambling, forex trading, and fantasy gaming as a proxy for assessing its environmental impact. Using data about sponsorship deals from English Football Premier League, the paper builds on the evidence of English football's gamblification process to discuss the impact that the volume, penetration, and marketing strategies of sports betting might have on public health and well-being. Findings demonstrate that gambling marketing has become firmly embedded in the financial practices of many Premiership football clubs. It is argued that such associations are not trivial, and that the symbolic linkage of sport and newer gambling forms can become an issue of public health, especially affecting vulnerable groups such as minors and problem gamblers. The present study is the first to explore in-depth the relationship and potential consequences and psychosocial impacts of sports-related marketing, particularly in relation to football.

76 FR 41375 - Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-14

... retail customers. The rule also describes various requirements with which national banks, Federal... section 2(c)(2)(B)(i)(I) of the CEA with a retail customer \\5\\ except pursuant to a rule or regulation of... the CEA. \\3\\ The CEA defines ``financial institution'' as including ``a depository institution (as...

Regulating the tobacco retail environment: beyond reducing sales to minors.

PubMed

Chapman, S; Freeman, B

2009-12-01

The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has little to say about the regulation of tobacco retailing, with most research and policy debate having been restricted to confining sales to adults and removing advertising displays, including packs. Tobacco retailing is largely unregulated, reflecting the historical regulatory trivialisation of tobacco products, now demonstrably anachronistic with the advent of near global support for the FCTC. This situation contrasts markedly with the regulation of pharmaceuticals, and many other goods and services subject to a wide variety of restrictions. This review proposes that the international tobacco control community should open up debate on retail regulation to examine the suitability of principles long accepted in pharmaceutical regulation. These include: restrictions on the number and location of tobacco retail outlets, the banning of tobacco retail displays, floor (minimum) price controls, restricting the amount of tobacco smokers could purchase over a given time and loss of retail licensure following breaches of any of the conditions of license. It proposes that retail licenses should be heavily restricted and tradable, becoming valuable commercial assets, where the threat of loss or revocation would act as an incentive for strict adherence to the measures proposed.

CALiPER Retail Lamps Study 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

none,

2014-02-01

This is a special CALiPER report on LED lamps available through the retail marketplace and targeted toward general consumers. It follows similar reports published in 2011 and 2012 (products purchased in 2010 and 2011), and is intended as a continuation that identifies long-term trends. For this report, products were selected to investigate specific hypotheses, rather than represent a sample of the increasingly large retail LED market.

39 CFR 241.3 - Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities... ESTABLISHMENT CLASSIFICATION, AND DISCONTINUANCE § 241.3 Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities. (a... of whether an existing retail Post Office, station, or branch should be discontinued. The rules cover...

39 CFR 241.3 - Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities... ESTABLISHMENT CLASSIFICATION, AND DISCONTINUANCE § 241.3 Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities. (a... of whether an existing retail Post Office, station, or branch should be discontinued. The rules cover...

39 CFR 241.3 - Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities... ESTABLISHMENT CLASSIFICATION, AND DISCONTINUANCE § 241.3 Discontinuance of USPS-operated retail facilities. (a... of whether an existing retail Post Office, station, or branch should be discontinued. The rules cover...

16 CFR 233.2 - Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Retail price comparisons; comparable value... GUIDES AGAINST DECEPTIVE PRICING § 233.2 Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons. (a.... Expressed another way, if a number of the principal retail outlets in the area are regularly selling Brand X...

16 CFR 233.2 - Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Retail price comparisons; comparable value... GUIDES AGAINST DECEPTIVE PRICING § 233.2 Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons. (a.... Expressed another way, if a number of the principal retail outlets in the area are regularly selling Brand X...

16 CFR 233.2 - Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Retail price comparisons; comparable value... GUIDES AGAINST DECEPTIVE PRICING § 233.2 Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons. (a.... Expressed another way, if a number of the principal retail outlets in the area are regularly selling Brand X...

77 FR 42016 - Product Change-Every Door Direct Mail-Retail

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

... POSTAL SERVICE Product Change--Every Door Direct Mail--Retail AGENCY: Postal Service\\TM\\. ACTION... Regulatory Commission to add Every Door Direct Mail--Retail to the market-dominant product list within the... Request of the United States Postal Service to Add Every Door Direct Mail--Retail to the Mail...

16 CFR 233.2 - Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Retail price comparisons; comparable value... GUIDES AGAINST DECEPTIVE PRICING § 233.2 Retail price comparisons; comparable value comparisons. (a.... Expressed another way, if a number of the principal retail outlets in the area are regularly selling Brand X...

The SocioDemographic Characteristics of the Communities Served by Retail Clinics

PubMed Central

Rudavsky, Rena; Mehrotra, Ateev

2010-01-01

PURPOSE As a rapidly growing new health care delivery model in the United States, retail clinics have been the subject of much debate and controversy. Located physically within a retail store, retail clinics provide simple acute and preventive services for a fixed price and without an appointment. Some hope that retail clinics can be a new safety-net provider for the poor and those without a primary care physician. To better understand the potential for retail clinics to achieve this goal, we describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the communities in which they operate. METHODS We created an inventory of all retail clinics in the United States and determined the proportion that are in Health Profession Shortage Area (HPSA). We defined each retail clinic’s catchment area as all census blocks that were less than a five-minute driving distance from the clinic. We compared the socio-demographic characteristics of the population within and outside of these retail clinic catchment areas. RESULTS Of the 982 clinics in 32 states, 88.4% were in an urban area and 12.5% were in a HPSA (20.9% of the US population lives within a HPSA). Compared to the rest of the urban population, the population living within a retail clinic catchment area has a higher median household income ($52,849 vs. $46,080), is better educated (32.6% vs. 24.9% with a college degree), and is as likely to be uninsured (17.7% vs. 17.0%). In a multivariate model, the census block’s median household income had the strongest association with whether the census block was in a retail clinic catchment area (OR 3.63 (95% CI 3.26–4.05) median income ≥$54,779 vs. median income –003C;$30,781) CONCLUSIONS We find that relatively few retail clinics are located in HPSAs and compared to the rest of the urban population, the population living in close proximity to a retail clinic has a higher income. PMID:20051541

Retailer adherence to Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, North Carolina, 2011.

PubMed

Rose, Shyanika W; Myers, Allison E; D'Angelo, Heather; Ribisl, Kurt M

2013-04-04

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act regulates the sales and marketing of tobacco products in the United States; poor adherence by tobacco retailers may reduce the effectiveness of the Act's provisions. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess whether and to which provisions retailers were adherent and 2) to examine differences in adherence by county, retailer neighborhood, and retailer characteristics. We conducted multivariate analysis of tobacco retailers' adherence to 12 point-of-sale provisions of the Tobacco Control Act in 3 North Carolina counties. We conducted observational audits of 324 retailers during 3 months in 2011 to assess adherence. We used logistic regression to assess associations between adherence to provisions and characteristics of each county, retailer neighborhood, and retailer. We found 15.7% of retailers did not adhere to at least 1 provision; 84.3% adhered to all provisions. The provisions most frequently violated were the ban on sales of cigarettes with modified-risk labels (eg, "light" cigarettes) (43 [13.3%] retailers nonadherent) and the ban on self-service for cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (6 [1.9%] retailers nonadherent). We found significant differences in rates of nonadherence by county and type of retailer. Pharmacies and drug stores were more than 3 times as likely as grocery stores to be nonadherent. Most tobacco retailers have implemented regulatory changes without enforcement by the US Food and Drug Administration. Monitoring rates of adherence by store type and locale (eg, county) may help retailers comply with point-of-sale provisions.

Attitudes of meat retailers to animal welfare in Spain.

PubMed

Miranda-de la Lama, Genaro C; Sepúlveda, Wilmer S; Villarroel, Morris; María, Gustavo A

2013-11-01

This study analyzes retailer attitude towards animal welfare in Spain, and how this attitude has changed over recent years (2006-2011). Retailers were concerned about animal welfare issues but a declining trend is observed recently, probably due to the financial crisis. The concern about animal welfare was affected by sex, with women retailers expressing a more positive attitude towards animal welfare issues than men. Retailers, based on their experience, perceive a low level of willingness to pay more for welfare friendly products (WFP) on behalf of their customers. This fact is reflected in the sales of the WFP, which declined from 2006 to 2011. The main reason for consumers to buy WFP, according to retailer perception, is organoleptic quality, with improved welfare being second. The results obtained provide a pessimistic picture in relation to the current market positioning of WFP, which is probably a consequence of market contraction. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Better-bred berries for the retail market

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

While there are many exciting new choices for berry cultivars for the Northwest commercial industry, very few of them are available in the retail nursery market. It’s an odd thing where the top-selling cultivars in the region haven’t seen the light of day in the retail nursery market. For many other...

Harsh medicine. [retail wheeling experiment in Michigan and side effects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Studness, C.M.

1993-07-15

Retailing wheeling's harmful side-effects may surface in a Michigan experiment. In the final analysis, the debate over retail wheeling is about whether there will be direct price competition in the electric power industry. Retail wheeling would extend to the electric power market the same freedom of choice among customers that is present elsewhere in the economy. It would provide a mechanism through which competition could enforce an efficient allocation of resources. It also undoubtedly would eliminate most of the huge discrepancies that exist between so many neighboring service areas. It is unlikely that permitting retail wheeling would actually result inmore » much wheeling or loss of load. Utilities will no doubt meet the threat of the loss of load by cutting rates to hold their customers. Hence, the primary effect would be on the pricing of electricity, not the wheeling of power. The retail wheeling experiment under consideration in Michigan can become an important step toward making the utility industry more efficient for the nation and more equitable for ratepayers. Unfortunately, it also is potentially unfair to the utilities involved. A retail wheeling experiment in one state is likely to put those utilities at risk for competitive attack, but is unlikely to give those utilities the countervailing power to use retail wheeling elsewhere to market their power. Fairness and economic efficiency require that retail wheeling exist everywhere, and that is is accessible to utilities as well as non-utilities.« less

Expert Advisor (EA) Evaluation System Using Web-based ELECTRE Method in Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Satibi; Widodo, Catur Edi; Farikhin

2018-02-01

This research aims to optimize forex trading profit automatically using EA but its still keep considering accuracy and drawdown levels. The evaluation system will classify EA performance based on trading market sessions (Sydney, Tokyo, London and New York) to determine the right EA to be used in certain market sessions. This evaluation system is a web-based ELECTRE methods that interact in real-time with EA through web service and are able to present real-time charts performance dashboard using web socket protocol communications. Web applications are programmed using NodeJs. In the testing period, all EAs had been simulated 24 hours in all market sessions for three months, the best EA is valued by its profit, accuracy and drawdown criteria that calculated using web-based ELECTRE method. The ideas of this research are to compare the best EA on testing period with collaboration performances of each best classified EA by market sessions. This research uses three months historical data of EUR/USD as testing period and other 3 months as validation period. As a result, performance of collaboration four best EA classified by market sessions can increase profits percentage consistently in testing and validation periods and keep securing accuracy and drawdown levels.

29 CFR 779.245 - Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Covered Retail Enterprise § 779.245 Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises. (a) Retail or service enterprises may be covered under section 3(s)(1) of the prior...

29 CFR 779.245 - Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Covered Retail Enterprise § 779.245 Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises. (a) Retail or service enterprises may be covered under section 3(s)(1) of the prior...

29 CFR 779.368 - Printing and engraving establishments not recognized as retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... retail. 779.368 Section 779.368 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or... recognized as retail. (a) An establishment which is engaged in printing and engraving is not recognized as a...

29 CFR 779.245 - Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Covered Retail Enterprise § 779.245 Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises. (a) Retail or service enterprises may be covered under section 3(s)(1) of the prior...

29 CFR 779.368 - Printing and engraving establishments not recognized as retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... retail. 779.368 Section 779.368 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or... recognized as retail. (a) An establishment which is engaged in printing and engraving is not recognized as a...

29 CFR 779.411 - Employee of a “retail or service establishment”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.411 Employee of a “retail or service establishment”. In order for an employee to come within the exemption from the overtime... must be employed by a retail or service establishment. The term “retail or service establishment” is...

29 CFR 779.411 - Employee of a “retail or service establishment”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.411 Employee of a “retail or service establishment”. In order for an employee to come within the exemption from the overtime... must be employed by a retail or service establishment. The term “retail or service establishment” is...

29 CFR 779.411 - Employee of a “retail or service establishment”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.411 Employee of a “retail or service establishment”. In order for an employee to come within the exemption from the overtime... must be employed by a retail or service establishment. The term “retail or service establishment” is...

29 CFR 779.245 - Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises... Apply; Enterprise Coverage Covered Retail Enterprise § 779.245 Conditions for coverage of retail or service enterprises. (a) Retail or service enterprises may be covered under section 3(s)(1) of the prior...

29 CFR 779.411 - Employee of a “retail or service establishment”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.411 Employee of a “retail or service establishment”. In order for an employee to come within the exemption from the overtime... must be employed by a retail or service establishment. The term “retail or service establishment” is...

29 CFR 779.368 - Printing and engraving establishments not recognized as retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... retail. 779.368 Section 779.368 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT AS APPLIED TO RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or... recognized as retail. (a) An establishment which is engaged in printing and engraving is not recognized as a...

29 CFR 779.411 - Employee of a “retail or service establishment”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Retail or Service Establishments Employees Compensated Principally by Commissions § 779.411 Employee of a “retail or service establishment”. In order for an employee to come within the exemption from the overtime... must be employed by a retail or service establishment. The term “retail or service establishment” is...

Drug retailer training: experiences from Nepal.

PubMed

Kafle, K K; Gartoulla, R P; Pradhan, Y M; Shrestha, A D; Karkee, S B; Quick, J D

1992-10-01

Sale of modern medicines by untrained peddlers, general merchants, and other drug sellers is common throughout the developing world. Drug sellers operating in the 'informal sector' are often the first source of health care outside the home. Reasons given by patients for using private drug sellers include expediency, convenience, efficacy of the medicines, dependability of supply, and reasonable cost. At the same time, self-medication through private drug sellers can be ineffective, wasteful, and at times distinctly harmful. Regulatory approaches to controlling drug selling in the informal sector, widely endorsed on paper through national drug control legislation, require a cadre of professional regulatory staff and enforcement mechanisms which are too often beyond the current economic and political reach of countries. In Nepal, where rugged terrain has limited infrastructure development, the doctor to population ratio is 1:23,000, utilization of government health services averages only 0.2 visits per person per year. Retail drug outlets outnumber health posts and health centers by a ratio of 4:1 and private drug sellers often offer the only access to modern medicine for much of the population. Community surveys have found that drug retailers are very often the first and only source of health care outside the home. Given the importance of retail drug outlets and the lack of trained pharmacists, the Department of Drug Administration in 1981 established a 45-hr course for drug retailers which emphasized practical training as well as formal teaching on pharmacology, ethics, storage of drugs, and legal issues. By the end of 1989, 4096 drug retailers had graduated from the course. Still run by the Ministry of Health Department of Drug Administration, the course has proven to be administratively feasible and has been quite popular with drug retailers. Initial reservations expressed by doctors and some pharmacists were soon overcome, and the course is now well accepted by

An analysis of strategic price setting in retail gasoline markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaureguiberry, Florencia

This dissertation studies price-setting behavior in the retail gasoline industry. The main questions addressed are: How important is a retail station's brand and proximity to competitors when retail stations set price? How do retailers adjust their pricing when they cater to consumers who are less aware of competing options or have less discretion over where they purchase gasoline? These questions are explored in two separate analyses using a unique datasets containing retail pricing behavior of stations in California and in 24 different metropolitan areas. The evidence suggests that brand and location generate local market power for gasoline stations. After controlling for market and station characteristics, the analysis finds a spread of 11 cents per gallon between the highest and the lowest priced retail gasoline brands. The analysis also indicates that when the nearest competitor is located over 2 miles away as opposed to next door, consumers will pay an additional 1 cent per gallon of gasoline. In order to quantify the significance of local market power, data for stations located near major airport rental car locations are utilized. The presumption here is that rental car users are less aware or less sensitive to fueling options near the rental car return location and are to some extent "captured consumers". Retailers located near rental car locations have incentives to adjust their pricing strategies to exploit this. The analysis of pricing near rental car locations indicates that retailers charge prices that are 4 cent per gallon higher than other stations in the same metropolitan area. This analysis is of interest to regulators who are concerned with issues of consolidation, market power, and pricing in the retail gasoline industry. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the empirical analysis.

Tobacco retail policy landscape: a longitudinal survey of US states.

PubMed

Luke, Douglas A; Sorg, Amy A; Combs, Todd; Robichaux, Christopher B; Moreland-Russell, Sarah; Ribisl, Kurt M; Henriksen, Lisa

2016-10-01

There are ∼380 000 tobacco retailers in the USA, where the largest tobacco companies spend almost $9 billion a year to promote their products. No systematic survey has been conducted of state-level activities to regulate the retail environment, thus little is known about what policies are being planned, proposed or implemented. This longitudinal study is the first US survey of state tobacco control programmes (TCPs) about retail policy activities. Surveyed in 2012 and 2014, programme managers (n=46) reported activities in multiple domains: e-cigarettes, retailer density and licensing, non-tax price increases, product placement, advertising and promotion, health warnings and other approaches. Policy activities were reported in one of five levels: no formal activity, planning or advocating, policy was proposed, policy was enacted or policy was implemented. Overall and domain-specific activity scores were calculated for each state. The average retail policy activity almost doubled between 2012 and 2014. States with the largest increase in scores included: Minnesota, which established a fee-based tobacco retail licensing system and banned self-service for e-cigarettes and all other tobacco products (OTP); Oregon, Kansas and Maine, all of which banned self-service for OTP; and West Virginia, which banned some types of flavoured OTP. Retail policy activities in US states increased dramatically in a short time. Given what is known about the impact of the retail environment on tobacco use by youth and adults, state and local TCPs may want diversify policy priorities by implementing retail policies alongside tax and smoke-free air laws. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Acute pesticide poisoning in the U.S. retail industry, 1998-2004.

PubMed

Calvert, Geoffrey M; Petersen, Ann M; Sievert, Jennifer; Mehler, Louise N; Das, Rupali; Harter, Lucy C; Romioli, Cinzia; Becker, Alan; Ball, Cynthia; Male, Dorilee; Schwartz, Abby; Lackovic, Michelle

2007-01-01

This study was conducted to describe the national magnitude and characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning among workers and customers in retail establishments. Analyses included retail employees 15-64 years of age and customers with acute pesticide poisoning identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks-Pesticides (SENSOR-Pesticides) and California Department of Pesticide Regulation from 1998 to 2004. Pesticide poisoning incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. A total of 325 cases of acute pesticide poisoning were identified. Of these cases, 287 (88%) were retail employees and 38 (12%) were customers. Overall, retail employees had a significantly lower acute pesticide poisoning incidence rate compared with non-agricultural, non-retail employees (IRR=0.53; 95% confidence interval 0.47, 0.59). However, significantly elevated pesticide poisoning incidence rates were observed for four retail occupations (janitors, stock handlers/baggers, bakery/deli clerks, and shipping/receiving handlers). In addition, workers employed in two retail industry sectors (farm supply stores and hardware stores) had significantly elevated acute pesticide poisoning incidence rates. Incidence rates among the retail employees demonstrated a quadratic trend, monotonically decreasing from 1998 to 2000 and monotonically increasing from 2000 to 2003. The rates appear to have leveled off in 2003 and 2004. Preventive measures to decrease acute pesticide poisoning incidence in the retail sector include adoption of unbreakable and tear-resistant container requirements, increased utilization of integrated pest management strategies, and advisement to store managers, employees, and customers about poisoning prevention.

Retail firewood can transport live tree pests.

PubMed

Jacobi, W R; Hardin, J G; Goodrich, B A; Cleaver, C M

2012-10-01

Untreated firewood can harbor destructive insects and pathogens and transport them to uninfested areas. In a national survey of retail locations selling firewood in 18 states, over half (52%) of the firewood was from sources out of the purchase state and 50% showed evidence of insect infestation. In a three state survey of southern Rocky Mountain retailers, the most common retailer types carrying firewood were grocery stores and department or big box stores followed by gas stations or convenience stores. In 2007-2009, we purchased 419 firewood bundles from retailers in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming and caged the firewood to quantify insect emergence. Live insects emerged from 47% of firewood bundles over 18 mo of rearing time. Approximately 11 insects emerged on average from each infested bundle (1-520 per bundle). Pine, fir, and mixed-conifer bundles yielded the greatest number of insects. Beetles (Coleoptera) were prominent and made up the majority of individuals (3-60 individuals in each of 24 families). Most Coleoptera were bark and ambrosia beetles (subfamily Scolytinae) while wood borers (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Siricidae) occurred in lower numbers. Firewood with evidence of previous or current insect infestation was more likely to have insects emerge than firewood without such evidence. The risk of moving live native or nonindigenous insects in untreated firewood is high because insects emerged up to 558 d from purchase date. Retail firewood should be heat treated in a manner to eliminate insects that is uniformly accepted across North America.

Retailer Adherence to Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, North Carolina, 2011

PubMed Central

Myers, Allison E.; D’Angelo, Heather; Ribisl, Kurt M.

2013-01-01

Introduction The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act regulates the sales and marketing of tobacco products in the United States; poor adherence by tobacco retailers may reduce the effectiveness of the Act’s provisions. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess whether and to which provisions retailers were adherent and 2) to examine differences in adherence by county, retailer neighborhood, and retailer characteristics. Methods We conducted multivariate analysis of tobacco retailers’ adherence to 12 point-of-sale provisions of the Tobacco Control Act in 3 North Carolina counties. We conducted observational audits of 324 retailers during 3 months in 2011 to assess adherence. We used logistic regression to assess associations between adherence to provisions and characteristics of each county, retailer neighborhood, and retailer. Results We found 15.7% of retailers did not adhere to at least 1 provision; 84.3% adhered to all provisions. The provisions most frequently violated were the ban on sales of cigarettes with modified-risk labels (eg, “light” cigarettes) (43 [13.3%] retailers nonadherent) and the ban on self-service for cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (6 [1.9%] retailers nonadherent). We found significant differences in rates of nonadherence by county and type of retailer. Pharmacies and drug stores were more than 3 times as likely as grocery stores to be nonadherent. Conclusion Most tobacco retailers have implemented regulatory changes without enforcement by the US Food and Drug Administration. Monitoring rates of adherence by store type and locale (eg, county) may help retailers comply with point-of-sale provisions. PMID:23557638

29 CFR 779.262 - Excise taxes at the retail level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Coverage Excise Taxes § 779.262 Excise taxes at the retail level. (a) Federal excise taxes are imposed at.... Such excise taxes are levied at the retail level on any liquid fuel sold for use, or used in a diesel... levied at the retail level, and thus excludable when separately stated, depends, of course, upon the law...

29 CFR 779.262 - Excise taxes at the retail level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Excise taxes at the retail level. 779.262 Section 779.262... Coverage Excise Taxes § 779.262 Excise taxes at the retail level. (a) Federal excise taxes are imposed at the retail level on highway vehicle fuels other than gasoline under the provisions of 26 U.S.C. 4041...

29 CFR 779.262 - Excise taxes at the retail level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Excise taxes at the retail level. 779.262 Section 779.262... Coverage Excise Taxes § 779.262 Excise taxes at the retail level. (a) Federal excise taxes are imposed at the retail level on highway vehicle fuels other than gasoline under the provisions of 26 U.S.C. 4041...

29 CFR 779.262 - Excise taxes at the retail level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Excise taxes at the retail level. 779.262 Section 779.262... Coverage Excise Taxes § 779.262 Excise taxes at the retail level. (a) Federal excise taxes are imposed at the retail level on highway vehicle fuels other than gasoline under the provisions of 26 U.S.C. 4041...

29 CFR 779.262 - Excise taxes at the retail level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Excise taxes at the retail level. 779.262 Section 779.262... Coverage Excise Taxes § 779.262 Excise taxes at the retail level. (a) Federal excise taxes are imposed at the retail level on highway vehicle fuels other than gasoline under the provisions of 26 U.S.C. 4041...

Retail supply of malaria-related drugs in rural Tanzania: risks and opportunities.

PubMed

Goodman, Catherine; Kachur, S Patrick; Abdulla, Salim; Mwageni, Eleuther; Nyoni, Joyce; Schellenberg, Joanna A; Mills, Anne; Bloland, Peter

2004-06-01

To characterize availability of fever and malaria medicines within the retail sector in rural Tanzania, assess the likely public health implications, and identify opportunities for policy interventions to increase the coverage of effective treatment. A census of retailers selling drugs was undertaken in the areas under demographic surveillance in four Tanzanian districts, using a structured questionnaire. Drugs were stocked by two types of retailer: a large number of general retailers (n = 675) and a relatively small number of drug shops (n = 43). Almost all outlets stocked antipyretics/painkillers. One-third of general retailers stocking drugs had antimalarials, usually chloroquine alone. Almost all drug shops stocked antimalarials (98%): nearly all had chloroquine, 42% stocked quinine, 37% sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and 30% amodiaquine. A large number of antimalarial brands were available. Population ratios indicate the relative accessibility of retail drug providers compared with health facilities. Drug shop staff generally travelled long distances to buy from drugs wholesalers or pharmacies. General retailers bought mainly from local general wholesalers, with a few general wholesalers accounting for a high proportion of all sources cited. Drugs were widely available from a large number of retail outlets. Potential negative implications include provision of ineffective drugs, confusion over brand names, uncontrolled use of antimalarials, and the availability of components of potential combination therapy regimens as monotherapies. On the other hand, this active and highly accessible retail market provides opportunities for improving the coverage of effective antimalarial treatment. Interventions targeted at all drug retailers are likely to be costly to deliver and difficult to sustain, but two promising points for targeted intervention are drug shops and selected general wholesalers. Retail quality may also be improved through consumer education, and

What Older Adults Need to Know about Retail Clinics

MedlinePlus

What Older Adults Need to Know about Retail Clinics Expert Information from Healthcare Professionals Who Specialize in the Care of Older Adults Retail clinics are medical clinics based in pharmacies, ...

The old pillars of new retailing.

PubMed

Berry, L L

2001-04-01

Despite the harsh realities of retailing, the illusion persists that magical tools can help companies overcome the problems of fickle consumers, price-slashing competitors, and mood swings in the economy. Such wishful thinking holds that retailers will thrive if only they communicate better with customers through e-mail, employ hidden cameras to learn how customers make purchase decisions, and analyze scanner data to tailor special offers and manage inventory. But the truth is, there are no quick fixes. In the course of his extensive research on dozens of retailers, Leonard Berry found that the best companies create value for their customers in five interlocking ways. Whether you're running a physical store, a catalog business, an e-commerce site, or a combination of the three, you have to offer your customers superior solutions to their needs, treat them with respect, and connect with them on an emotional level. You also have to set prices fairly and make it easy for people to find what they need, pay for it quickly, and then move on. None of these pillars is new, and each sounds exceedingly simple, but don't be fooled--implementing these axioms in the real world is surprisingly difficult. The author illustrates how some retailers have built successful operations by attending to these commonsense ways of dealing with their customers and how others have failed to do so.

Retail growth and consumer changes in a declining urban economy: Antwerp (1650-1750).

PubMed

Blondé, Bruno; van Damme, Ilja

2010-01-01

This article examines the interplay between retail changes and transformations in the material culture of Antwerp, a provincial town in the southern Netherlands. We argue that major changes in the eighteenth-century material culture and retail sector were not significantly linked to preconditions of economic growth and urbanization. The Antwerp 'retail paradox' is that of a shrinking economic horizon running parallel to material culture and retail transformations, usually connected to expanding urban economies and societies. Changing retail and consumer practices explain the growing and prospering retail sector, rather than a growing economy.

Retail Clinic Visits For Low-Acuity Conditions Increase Utilization And Spending.

PubMed

Ashwood, J Scott; Gaynor, Martin; Setodji, Claude M; Reid, Rachel O; Weber, Ellerie; Mehrotra, Ateev

2016-03-01

Retail clinics have been viewed by policy makers and insurers as a mechanism to decrease health care spending, by substituting less expensive clinic visits for more expensive emergency department or physician office visits. However, retail clinics may actually increase spending if they drive new health care utilization. To assess whether retail clinic visits represent new utilization or a substitute for more expensive care, we used insurance claims data from Aetna for the period 2010-12 to track utilization and spending for eleven low-acuity conditions. We found that 58 percent of retail clinic visits for low-acuity conditions represented new utilization and that retail clinic use was associated with a modest increase in spending, of $14 per person per year. These findings do not support the idea that retail clinics decrease health care spending. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Retail Food Refrigeration and the Phaseout of HCFC-22

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Provides information on the HCFC phaseout that is relevant to food retailers, including alternatives to the use of HCFC-22 in retail food refrigeration, other refrigerant regulations, and resources for more information.

21 CFR 1140.14 - Additional responsibilities of retailers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) TOBACCO PRODUCTS CIGARETTES AND SMOKELESS TOBACCO Prohibition of Sale and Distribution to Persons... requirements under this part, each retailer is responsible for ensuring that all sales of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco to any person comply with the following requirements: (a) No retailer may sell cigarettes...

21 CFR 1140.14 - Additional responsibilities of retailers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (CONTINUED) TOBACCO PRODUCTS CIGARETTES AND SMOKELESS TOBACCO Prohibition of Sale and Distribution to Persons... requirements under this part, each retailer is responsible for ensuring that all sales of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco to any person comply with the following requirements: (a) No retailer may sell cigarettes...

21 CFR 1140.14 - Additional responsibilities of retailers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) TOBACCO PRODUCTS CIGARETTES AND SMOKELESS TOBACCO Prohibition of Sale and Distribution to Persons... requirements under this part, each retailer is responsible for ensuring that all sales of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco to any person comply with the following requirements: (a) No retailer may sell cigarettes...

21 CFR 1140.14 - Additional responsibilities of retailers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) TOBACCO PRODUCTS CIGARETTES AND SMOKELESS TOBACCO Prohibition of Sale and Distribution to Persons... requirements under this part, each retailer is responsible for ensuring that all sales of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco to any person comply with the following requirements: (a) No retailer may sell cigarettes...

Geisinger's Retail Innovation Journey.

PubMed

Prince, Denise B; Graf, Thomas

2015-01-01

In 2003, Geisinger Health System formed a new group, Geisinger Ventures (GV), to accelerate the growth of new lines of business that were extensions of the core mission of the organization. Careworks, the convenient care clinic line of business, began in early 2006 as one of the early components of the GV portfolio. Over the past nine years, Geisinger has tested several retail and walk-in models, including in-store clinics, separate retail sites, and models colocated with primary care practices and emergency departments. Each site and model presents different benefits and challenges with respect to patient care, marketing, staffing, and clinical integration. With the implementation of healthcare reform and a decision to participate in Medicaid'managed care, Geisinger's strategic need for convenient care options has intensified, and new models, including e-visits and telemedicine specialty consultations, are being actively explored. Geisinger's view is that healthcare is rapidly changing, being affected by demographic shifts, diagnostic and treatment options, payment changes, and communication technologies. Healthcare delivery must flex to adjust to these and other trends, and retail clinics are part of that response. Careful examination of the critical elements necessary for optimal care (including wellness, prevention, and management of chronic disease and severe multimorbid disease) and then matching those elements to the optimal mode and site of care will lead to a streamlined healthcare system. The historical--and still most prevalent--methodology of traditional office, emergency department, and inpatient care options are not ideal for all patients' care needs in the twenty-first century. A thoughtful, deliberate extension of those options will be necessary. Rather than simply adding a static retail or virtual offering, medical professionals should develop a process to continually assess patients, technology, payment, and disease changes so that they are

A comparison of three policy approaches for tobacco retailer reduction.

PubMed

Myers, Allison E; Hall, Marissa G; Isgett, Lisa F; Ribisl, Kurt M

2015-05-01

The Institute of Medicine recommends that public health agencies restrict the number and regulate the location of tobacco retailers as a means of reducing tobacco use. However, the best policy strategy for tobacco retailer reduction is unknown. The purpose of this study is to test the percent reduction in the number and density of tobacco retailers in North Carolina resulting from three policies: (1) prohibiting sales of tobacco products in pharmacies or stores with a pharmacy counter, (2) restricting sales of tobacco products within 1000 ft of schools, and (3) regulating to 500 ft the minimum allowable distance between tobacco outlets. This study uses data from two lists of tobacco retailers gathered in 2012, one at the statewide level, and another "gold standard" three-county list. Retailers near schools were identified using point and parcel boundaries in ArcMap. Python programming language generated a random lottery system to remove retailers within 500 ft of each other. Analyses were conducted in 2014. A minimum allowable distance policy had the single greatest impact and would reduce density by 22.1% at the state level, or 20.8% at the county level (range 16.6% to 27.9%). Both a pharmacy and near-schools ban together would reduce density by 29.3% at the state level, or 29.7% at the county level (range 26.3 to 35.6%). The implementation of policies restricting tobacco sales in pharmacies, near schools, and/or in close proximity to another tobacco retailer would substantially reduce the number and density of tobacco retail outlets. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Comparison of Three Policy Approaches for Tobacco Retailer Reduction

PubMed Central

Myers, Allison E.; Hall, Marissa G.; Isgett, Lisa F.; Ribisl, Kurt M.

2015-01-01

Background The Institute of Medicine recommends that public health agencies restrict the number and regulate the location of tobacco retailers as a means of reducing tobacco use. However, the best policy strategy for tobacco retailer reduction is unknown. Purpose The purpose of this study is to test the percent reduction in the number and density of tobacco retailers in North Carolina resulting from three policies: (1) prohibiting sales of tobacco products in pharmacies or stores with a pharmacy counter, (2) restricting sales of tobacco products within 1,000 feet of schools, and (3) regulating to 500 feet the minimum allowable distance between tobacco outlets. Methods This study uses data from two lists of tobacco retailers gathered in 2012, one at the statewide level, and another “gold standard” three-county list. Retailers near schools were identified using point and parcel boundaries in ArcMap. Python programming language generated a random lottery system to remove retailers within 500 feet of each other. Analyses were conducted in 2014. Results A minimum allowable distance policy had the single greatest impact and would reduce density by 22.1% at the state level, or 20.8% at the county level (range 16.6% to 27.9%). Both a pharmacy and near-schools ban together would reduce density by 29.3% at the state level, or 29.7% at the county level (range 26.3 to 35.6%). Conclusions The implementation of policies restricting tobacco sales in pharmacies, near schools, and/or in close proximity to another tobacco retailer would substantially reduce the number and density of tobacco retail outlets. PMID:25689540