Sample records for air current speed

  1. Effects of air current speed on gas exchange in plant leaves and plant canopies.

    PubMed

    Kitaya, Y; Tsuruyama, J; Shibuya, T; Yoshida, M; Kiyota, M

    2003-01-01

    To obtain basic data on adequate air circulation to enhance plant growth in a closed plant culture system in a controlled ecological life support system (CELSS), an investigation was made of the effects of the air current speed ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 m s-1 on photosynthesis and transpiration in sweetpotato leaves and photosynthesis in tomato seedlings canopies. The gas exchange rates in leaves and canopies were determined by using a chamber method with an infrared gas analyzer. The net photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate increased significantly as the air current speeds increased from 0.01 to 0.2 m s-1. The transpiration rate increased gradually at air current speeds ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 m s-1 while the net photosynthetic rate was almost constant at air current speeds ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 m s-1. The increase in the net photosynthetic and transpiration rates were strongly dependent on decreased boundary-layer resistances against gas diffusion. The net photosynthetic rate of the plant canopy was doubled by an increased air current speed from 0.1 to 1.0 m s-1 above the plant canopy. The results demonstrate the importance of air movement around plants for enhancing the gas exchange in the leaf, especially in plant canopies in the CELSS. c2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Alternating-Current Equipment for the Measurement of Fluctuations of Air Speed in Turbulent Flow

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mock, W C , Jr

    1937-01-01

    Recent electrical and mechanical improvements have been made in the equipment developed at the National Bureau of Standards for measurement of fluctuations of air speed in turbulent flow. Data useful in the design of similar equipment are presented. The design of rectified alternating-current power supplies for such apparatus is treated briefly, and the effect of the power supplies on the performance of the equipment is discussed.

  3. 14 CFR 25.1517 - Rough air speed, VRA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Rough air speed, VRA. 25.1517 Section 25... Limitations § 25.1517 Rough air speed, VRA. A rough air speed, VRA, for use as the recommended turbulence... specified in § 25.335(d); and (3) Is sufficiently less than VMO to ensure that likely speed variation during...

  4. 14 CFR 25.1517 - Rough air speed, VRA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rough air speed, VRA. 25.1517 Section 25... Limitations § 25.1517 Rough air speed, VRA. A rough air speed, VRA, for use as the recommended turbulence... specified in § 25.335(d); and (3) Is sufficiently less than VMO to ensure that likely speed variation during...

  5. 14 CFR 25.1517 - Rough air speed, VRA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Rough air speed, VRA. 25.1517 Section 25... Limitations § 25.1517 Rough air speed, VRA. A rough air speed, VRA, for use as the recommended turbulence... rough air encounters will not cause the overspeed warning to operate too frequently. In the absence of a...

  6. Variable current speed controller for eddy current motors

    DOEpatents

    Gerth, H.L.; Bailey, J.M.; Casstevens, J.M.; Dixon, J.H.; Griffith, B.O.; Igou, R.E.

    1982-03-12

    A speed control system for eddy current motors is provided in which the current to the motor from a constant frequency power source is varied by comparing the actual motor speed signal with a setpoint speed signal to control the motor speed according to the selected setpoint speed. A three-phase variable voltage autotransformer is provided for controlling the voltage from a three-phase power supply. A corresponding plurality of current control resistors is provided in series with each phase of the autotransformer output connected to inputs of a three-phase motor. Each resistor is connected in parallel with a set of normally closed contacts of plurality of relays which are operated by control logic. A logic circuit compares the selected speed with the actual motor speed obtained from a digital tachometer monitoring the motor spindle speed and operated the relays to add or substract resistance equally in each phase of the motor input to vary the motor current to control the motor at the selected speed.

  7. Speed estimation for air quality analysis.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-05-01

    Average speed is an essential input to the air quality analysis model MOBILE6 for emission factor calculation. Traditionally, speed is obtained from travel demand models. However, such models are not usually calibrated to speeds. Furthermore, for rur...

  8. NACA Flight-Path Angle and Air-Speed Recorder

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Coleman, Donald G

    1926-01-01

    A new trailing bomb-type instrument for photographically recording the flight-path angle and air speed of aircraft in unaccelerated flight is described. The instrument consists essentially of an inclinometer, air-speed meter and a film-drum case. The inclinometer carries an oil-damped pendulum which records optically the flight-path angle upon a rotating motor-driven film drum. The air-speed meter consists of a taut metal diaphragm of high natural frequency which is acted upon by the pressure difference of a Prandtl type Pitot-static tube. The inclinometer record and air-speed record are made optically on the same sensitive film. Two records taken by this instrument are shown.

  9. Transduction in Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons is invariant to air speed

    PubMed Central

    Zhou, Yi

    2012-01-01

    In the vertebrate nose, increasing air speed tends to increase the magnitude of odor-evoked activity in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), given constant odor concentration and duration. It is often assumed that the same is true of insect olfactory organs, but this has not been directly tested. In this study, we examined the effect of air speed on ORN responses in Drosophila melanogaster. We constructed an odor delivery device that allowed us to independently vary concentration and air speed, and we used a fast photoionization detector to precisely measure the actual odor concentration at the antenna while simultaneously recording spikes from ORNs in vivo. Our results demonstrate that Drosophila ORN odor responses are invariant to air speed, as long as odor concentration is kept constant. This finding was true across a >100-fold range of air speeds. Because odor hydrophobicity has been proposed to affect the air speed dependence of olfactory transduction, we tested a >1,000-fold range of hydrophobicity values and found that ORN responses are invariant to air speed across this full range. These results have implications for the mechanisms of odor delivery to Drosophila ORNs. Our findings are also significant because flies have a limited ability to control air flow across their antennae, unlike terrestrial vertebrates, which can control air flow within their nasal cavity. Thus, for the fly, invariance to air speed may be adaptive because it confers robustness to changing wind conditions. PMID:22815404

  10. Effect of Initial Mixture Temperature on Flame Speed of Methane-Air, Propane-Air, and Ethylene-Air Mixtures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dugger, Gordon L

    1952-01-01

    Flame speeds based on the outer edge of the shadow cast by the laminar Bunsen cone were determined as functions of composition for methane-air mixtures at initial mixture temperatures ranging from -132 degrees to 342 degrees c and for propane-air and ethylene-air mixtures at initial mixture temperatures ranging from -73 degrees to 344 degrees c. The data showed that maximum flame speed increased with temperature at an increasing rate. The percentage change in flame speed with change in initial temperature for the three fuels followed the decreasing order, methane, propane, and ethylene. Empirical equations were determined for maximum flame speed as a function of initial temperature over the temperature range covered for each fuel. The observed effect of temperature on flame speed for each of the fuels was reasonably well predicted by either the thermal theory as presented by Semenov or the square-root law of Tanford and Pease.

  11. Speed control with end cushion for high speed air cylinder

    DOEpatents

    Stevens, Wayne W.; Solbrig, Charles W.

    1991-01-01

    A high speed air cylinder in which the longitudinal movement of the piston within the air cylinder tube is controlled by pressurizing the air cylinder tube on the accelerating side of the piston and releasing pressure at a controlled rate on the decelerating side of the piston. The invention also includes a method for determining the pressure required on both the accelerating and decelerating sides of the piston to move the piston with a given load through a predetermined distance at the desired velocity, bringing the piston to rest safely without piston bounce at the end of its complete stroke.

  12. Sustained diffusive alternating current gliding arc discharge in atmospheric pressure air

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Jiajian; Gao, Jinlong; Li, Zhongshan; Ehn, Andreas; Aldén, Marcus; Larsson, Anders; Kusano, Yukihiro

    2014-12-01

    Rapid transition from glow discharge to thermal arc has been a common problem in generating stable high-power non-thermal plasmas especially at ambient conditions. A sustained diffusive gliding arc discharge was generated in a large volume in atmospheric pressure air, driven by an alternating current (AC) power source. The plasma column extended beyond the water-cooled stainless steel electrodes and was stabilized by matching the flow speed of the turbulent air jet with the rated output power. Comprehensive investigations were performed using high-speed movies measured over the plasma column, synchronized with simultaneously recorded current and voltage waveforms. Dynamic details of the novel non-equilibrium discharge are revealed, which is characterized by a sinusoidal current waveform with amplitude stabilized at around 200 mA intermediate between thermal arc and glow discharge, shedding light to the governing mechanism of the sustained spark-suppressed AC gliding arc discharge.

  13. Tables for pressure of air on coming to rest from various speeds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zahm, A F; Louden, F A

    1930-01-01

    In Technical Report no. 247 of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics theoretical formulas are given from which was computed a table for the pressure of air on coming to rest from various speeds, such as those of aircraft and propeller blades. In that report, the table gave incompressible and adiabatic stop pressures of air for even-speed intervals in miles per hour and for some even-speed intervals in knots per hour. Table II of the present report extends the above-mentioned table by including the stop pressures of air for even-speed intervals in miles per hour, feet per-second, knots per hour, kilometers per hour, and meters per second. The pressure values in table II are also more exact than values given in the previous table. To furnish the aeronautical engineer with ready numerical formulas for finding the pressure of air on coming to rest, table I has been derived for the standard values specified below it. This table first presents the theoretical pressure-speed formulas and their working forms in C. G. S. Units as given in NACA Technical Report No. 247, then furnishes additional working formulas for several special units of speed. (author)

  14. HIGH SPEED GC/MS FOR AIR ANALYSIS

    EPA Science Inventory

    A high speed GC/MS system consisting of a gas chromatograph equipped with a narrow bandwidth injection accessory and using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer detector has been adapted for analysis of ambient whole air samples which have been collected in passivated canisters. ...

  15. Pressure of air on coming to rest from various speeds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zahm, A F

    1927-01-01

    The text gives theoretical formulas from which is computed a table for the pressure of air on coming to rest from various speeds, such as those of aircraft and propeller blades. Pressure graphs are given for speeds from 1 cm. Sec. up to those of swift projectiles.

  16. Measuring Device for Air Speed in Macroporous Media and Its Application Inside Apple Storage Bins.

    PubMed

    Geyer, Martin; Praeger, Ulrike; Truppel, Ingo; Scaar, Holger; Neuwald, Daniel A; Jedermann, Reiner; Gottschalk, Klaus

    2018-02-13

    In cold storage facilities of fruit and vegetables, airflow is necessary for heat removal. The design of storage facilities influences the air speed in the surrounding of the product. Therefore, knowledge about airflow next to the product is important to plan the layout of cold stores adapted to the requirements of the products. A new sensing device (ASL, Air speed logger) is developed for omnidirectional measurement of air speed between fruit or vegetables inside storage bins or in bulk. It consists of four interconnected plastic spheres with 80 mm diameter each, adapted to the size of apple fruit. In the free space between the spheres, silicon diodes are fixed for the airflow measurement based on a calorimetric principle. Battery and data logger are mounted inside the spheres. The device is calibrated in a wind tunnel in a measuring range of 0-1.3 m/s. Air speed measurements in fruit bulks on laboratory scale and in an industrial fruit store show air speeds in gaps between fruit with high stability at different airflow levels. Several devices can be placed between stored products for determination of the air speed distribution inside bulks or bin stacks in a storage room.

  17. The mass and speed dependence of meteor air plasma temperatures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jenniskens, Peter; Laux, Christophe O.; Wilson, Michael A.; Schaller, Emily L.

    2004-01-01

    The speed and mass dependence of meteor air plasma temperatures is perhaps the most important data needed to understand how small meteoroids chemically change the ambient atmosphere in their path and enrich the ablated meteoric organic matter with oxygen. Such chemistry can play an important role in creating prebiotic compounds. The excitation conditions in various air plasma emissions were measured from high-resolution optical spectra of Leonid storm meteors during NASA's Leonid Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign. This was the first time a sufficient number and range of temperature measurements were obtained to search for meteoroid mass and speed dependencies. We found slight increases in temperature with decreasing altitude, but otherwise nearly constant values for meteoroids with speeds between 35 and 72 km/s and masses between 10(-5) g and 1 g. We conclude that faster and more massive meteoroids produce a larger emission volume, but not a higher air plasma temperature. We speculate that the meteoric plasma may be in multiphase equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere, which could mean lower plasma temperatures in a CO(2)-rich early Earth atmosphere.

  18. The mass and speed dependence of meteor air plasma temperatures.

    PubMed

    Jenniskens, Peter; Laux, Christophe O; Wilson, Michael A; Schaller, Emily L

    2004-01-01

    The speed and mass dependence of meteor air plasma temperatures is perhaps the most important data needed to understand how small meteoroids chemically change the ambient atmosphere in their path and enrich the ablated meteoric organic matter with oxygen. Such chemistry can play an important role in creating prebiotic compounds. The excitation conditions in various air plasma emissions were measured from high-resolution optical spectra of Leonid storm meteors during NASA's Leonid Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign. This was the first time a sufficient number and range of temperature measurements were obtained to search for meteoroid mass and speed dependencies. We found slight increases in temperature with decreasing altitude, but otherwise nearly constant values for meteoroids with speeds between 35 and 72 km/s and masses between 10(-5) g and 1 g. We conclude that faster and more massive meteoroids produce a larger emission volume, but not a higher air plasma temperature. We speculate that the meteoric plasma may be in multiphase equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere, which could mean lower plasma temperatures in a CO(2)-rich early Earth atmosphere.

  19. 6. FAN HOUSE OF 8FOOT HIGH SPEED TUNNEL. AIR INTAKES ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    6. FAN HOUSE OF 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED TUNNEL. AIR INTAKES AND FILTERS ARE ENCLOSED IN THE UPPER LEVEL STRUCTURE. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

  20. Measuring Device for Air Speed in Macroporous Media and Its Application Inside Apple Storage Bins

    PubMed Central

    Geyer, Martin; Praeger, Ulrike; Scaar, Holger; Neuwald, Daniel A.; Gottschalk, Klaus

    2018-01-01

    In cold storage facilities of fruit and vegetables, airflow is necessary for heat removal. The design of storage facilities influences the air speed in the surrounding of the product. Therefore, knowledge about airflow next to the product is important to plan the layout of cold stores adapted to the requirements of the products. A new sensing device (ASL, Air speed logger) is developed for omnidirectional measurement of air speed between fruit or vegetables inside storage bins or in bulk. It consists of four interconnected plastic spheres with 80 mm diameter each, adapted to the size of apple fruit. In the free space between the spheres, silicon diodes are fixed for the airflow measurement based on a calorimetric principle. Battery and data logger are mounted inside the spheres. The device is calibrated in a wind tunnel in a measuring range of 0–1.3 m/s. Air speed measurements in fruit bulks on laboratory scale and in an industrial fruit store show air speeds in gaps between fruit with high stability at different airflow levels. Several devices can be placed between stored products for determination of the air speed distribution inside bulks or bin stacks in a storage room. PMID:29438339

  1. Reducing air-pollution: a new argument for getting drivers to abide by the speed limit?

    PubMed

    Delhomme, P; Chappé, J; Grenier, K; Pinto, M; Martha, C

    2010-01-01

    Speeding is one of the main factors of car crash-risk, but it also contributes to increasing air-pollution. In two studies we attempted to lead drivers to abide by speed limits using "reducing air-pollution" as a new argument. We presented prevention messages that highlighted the role of speeding in increasing "crash-risk", "air-pollution", or both (Studies 1 and 2). The messages were also positively or negatively framed (Study 2). Given that women are more concerned with environmental issues than are men, we expected the following hypotheses to be validated for women. The message with the "air-pollution" argument was expected to be evaluated more positively than the "crash-risk" message (H1). The "air-pollution" and "crash-risk and air-pollution" messages were expected to be more effective than the "crash-risk" message on the behavioral intention to observe speed limits (H2a) and on the perceived efficacy of speed-limit observance in reducing air-pollution (H2b; Studies 1 and 2). Furthermore, positive framing was expected to be more effective than negative framing (H3), and presenting a message to be more effective than presenting no message (H4; Study 2). Broadly, our results argue in favor of our hypotheses. However in Study 2, the effects of message framing did not allow us to conclude that negative or positive framing was superior. All in all, messages with the "air-pollution" argument were more effective at leading drivers to observe speed limits. Thus, environmental protection may be a fruitful route to explore for increasing road safety.

  2. Ozone - Current Air Quality Index

    MedlinePlus

    GO! Local Air Quality Conditions Zip Code: State : My Current Location Current AQI Forecast AQI Loop More Maps AQI: Good (0 - 50) ... resources for Hawaii residents and visitors more announcements Air Quality Basics Air Quality Index | Ozone | Particle Pollution | Smoke ...

  3. Motion-induced eddy current thermography for high-speed inspection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Jianbo; Li, Kongjing; Tian, Guiyun; Zhu, Junzhen; Gao, Yunlai; Tang, Chaoqing; Chen, Xiaotian

    2017-08-01

    This letter proposes a novel motion-induced eddy current based thermography (MIECT) for high-speed inspection. In contrast to conventional eddy current thermography (ECT) based on a time-varying magnetic field created by an AC coil, the motion-induced eddy current is induced by the relative motion between magnetic field and inspected objects. A rotating magnetic field created by three-phase windings is used to investigate the heating principle and feasibility of the proposed method. Firstly, based on Faraday's law the distribution of MIEC is investigated, which is then validated by numerical simulation. Further, experimental studies are conducted to validate the proposed method by creating rotating magnetic fields at different speeds from 600 rpm to 6000 rpm, and it is verified that rotating speed will increase MIEC intensity and thereafter improve the heating efficiency. The conclusion can be preliminarily drawn that the proposed MIECT is a platform suitable for high-speed inspection.

  4. An air bearing system for small high speed gas turbines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Turner, A. B.; Davies, S. J.; Nimir, Y. L.

    1994-03-01

    This paper describes the second phase of an experimental program concerning the application of air bearings to small turbomachinery test rigs and small gas turbines. The first phase examined externally pressurized (EP) journal bearings, with a novel EP thrust bearing, for application to 'warm air' test rigs, and was entirely successful at rotational speeds in excess of 100,000 rpm. This second phase examined several designs of tilting pad-spiring journal bearings, one with a novel form of externally pressurized pad, but all using the original EP thrust bearing. The designs tested are described, including some oscillogram traces, for tests up to a maximum of 70,000 rpm; the most successful using a carbon pad-titanium beam spring arrangement. The thrust bearing which gave trouble-free operation throughout, is also described. The results of an original experiment to measure the 'runway speed' of a radial inflow turbine are also presented, which show that overspeeds of 58 percent above the design speed can result from free-power turbine coupling failure.

  5. System simulation of direct-current speed regulation based on Simulink

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Meiying

    2018-06-01

    Many production machines require the smooth adjustment of speed in a certain range In the process of modern industrial production, and require good steady-state and dynamic performance. Direct-current speed regulation system with wide speed regulation range, small relative speed variation, good stability, large overload capacity, can bear the frequent impact load, can realize stepless rapid starting-braking and inversion of frequency and other good dynamic performances, can meet the different kinds of special operation requirements in production process of automation system. The direct-current power drive system is almost always used in the field of drive technology of high performance for a long time.

  6. Improved Apparatus for the Measurement of Fluctuations of Air Speed in Turbulent Flow

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mock, W C , Jr; Dryden, H L

    1934-01-01

    This report describes recent improvements in the design of the equipment associated with the hot-wire anemometer for the measurement of fluctuating air speeds in turbulent air flow, and presents the results of some experimental investigations dealing with the response of the hot wire to speed fluctuations of various frequencies. Attempts at measuring the frequency of the fluctuations encountered in the Bureau of Standards' 54-inch wind tunnel are also reported. In addition, the difficulties encountered in the use of such apparatus and the precautions found helpful in avoiding them are discussed.

  7. Aircraft Speed Instruments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Beij, K Hilding

    1933-01-01

    This report presents a concise survey of the measurement of air speed and ground speed on board aircraft. Special attention is paid to the pitot-static air-speed meter which is the standard in the United States for airplanes. Air-speed meters of the rotating vane type are also discussed in considerable detail on account of their value as flight test instruments and as service instruments for airships. Methods of ground-speed measurement are treated briefly, with reference to the more important instruments. A bibliography on air-speed measurement concludes the report.

  8. High Efficiency Variable Speed Versatile Power Air Conditioning System for Military Vehicles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-08-01

    MOBILITY (P&M) MINI-SYMPOSIUM AUGUST 21-22, 2013 - TROY , MICHIGAN High efficiency variable speed versatile power air conditioning system for...power draw was measured using a calibrated Watt meter. The schematic of the setup is shown in Figure 5 and the setup is shown in Figure 6. Figure...Rocky Research environmental chamber. Cooling Capacity was directly measured in Btu/hr or Watts via measuring the Air flow velocity and the air

  9. Current Indoor Air Quality in Japan.

    PubMed

    Jinno, Hideto

    2016-01-01

    People spend more than two thirds of their daily time indoors. Hence, maintaining a healthy indoor environment is indispensable for the prevention of building related illness. In Japan, guidelines for indoor air quality have been established for 13 volatile/semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs/SVOCs). These guidelines are now under revision by the Committee on Sick House Syndrome: Indoor Air Pollution. In order to gain information on the current indoor air pollutants and their levels, we carried out a nation-wide survey of VOCs and aldehydes in indoor residential air during 2012-2013. In this review, I concisely summarized the current indoor air quality of Japan.

  10. Determining the speed of sound in the air by sound wave interference

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Silva, Abel A.

    2017-07-01

    Mechanical waves propagate through material media. Sound is an example of a mechanical wave. In fluids like air, sound waves propagate through successive longitudinal perturbations of compression and decompression. Audible sound frequencies for human ears range from 20 to 20 000 Hz. In this study, the speed of sound v in the air is determined using the identification of maxima of interference from two synchronous waves at frequency f. The values of v were correct to 0 °C. The experimental average value of {\\bar{ν }}\\exp =336 +/- 4 {{m}} {{{s}}}-1 was found. It is 1.5% larger than the reference value. The standard deviation of 4 m s-1 (1.2% of {\\bar{ν }}\\exp ) is an improved value by the use of the concept of the central limit theorem. The proposed procedure to determine the speed of sound in the air aims to be an academic activity for physics classes of scientific and technological courses in college.

  11. Field validation of speed estimation techniques for air quality conformity analysis.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2004-01-01

    The air quality conformity analysis process requires the estimation of speeds for a horizon year on a link-by-link basis where only a few future roadway characteristics, such as forecast volume and capacity, are known. Accordingly, the Virginia Depar...

  12. The Relationship between the Current Waveform just before the Current Zero and the Interruption Ability in the High-speed VCB

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Niwa, Yoshimitsu; Matsuzaki, Jun; Yokokura, Kunio

    The high-speed vacuum circuit breaker, which forced the fault current to zero was investigated. The test circuit breaker consisted of a vacuum interrupter and a high frequency current source. The vacuum interrupter, which had the axial magnetic field electrode and the disk shape electrode, was tested. The arcing period of the high-speed vacuum circuit breaker is much shorter than that of conventional circuit breaker. The arc behavior of the test electrodes immediately after the contact separation was observed by a high-speed video camcorder. The relation between the current waveform just before the current zero and the interruption ability by varying the high frequency current source was investigated experimentally. The results demonstrate the interruption ability and the arc behavior of the high-speed vacuum circuit breaker. The high current interruption was made possible by the low current period just before the current zero, although the arcing time is short and the arc is concentrated.

  13. Air-Sea Interaction in the Somali Current Region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jensen, T. G.; Rydbeck, A.

    2017-12-01

    The western Indian Ocean is an area of high eddy-kinetic energy generated by local wind-stress curl, instability of boundary currents as well as Rossby waves from the west coast of India and the equatorial wave guide as they reflect off the African coast. The presence of meso-scale eddies and coastal upwelling during the Southwest Monsoon affects the air-sea interaction on those scales. The U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is used to understand and quantify the surface flux, effects on surface waves and the role of Sea Surface Temperature anomalies on ocean-atmosphere coupling in that area. The COAMPS atmosphere model component with 9 km resolution is fully coupled to the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) with 3.5 km resolution and the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model with 10 km resolution. Data assimilation using a 3D-variational approach is included in hindcast runs performed daily since June 1, 2015. An interesting result is that a westward jet associated with downwelling equatorial Rossy waves initiated the reversal from the southward Somali Current found during the northeast monsoon to a northward flow in March 2016 more than a month before the beginning of the southwest monsoon. It is also found that warm SST anomalies in the Somali Current eddies, locally increase surface wind speed due to an increase in the atmospheric boundary layer height. This results in an increase in significant wave height and also an increase in heat flux to the atmosphere. Cold SST anomalies over upwelling filaments have the opposite impacts on air-sea fluxes.

  14. Computer modeling of the sensitivity of a laser water vapor sensor to variations in temperature and air speed

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tucker, George F.

    1994-01-01

    Currently, there is disagreement among existing methods of determining atmospheric water vapor concentration at dew-points below -40 C. A major source of error is wall effects which result from the necessity of bringing samples into the instruments. All of these instruments also have response times on the order of seconds. NASA Langley is developing a water vapor sensor which utilizes the absorption of the infrared radiation produced by a diode laser to estimate water vapor concentration. The laser beam is directed through an aircraft window to a retroreflector located on an engine. The reflected beam is detected by an infrared detector located near the laser. To maximize signal to noise, derivative signals are analyzed. By measuring the 2f/DC signal and correcting for ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and air speed (which results in a Doppler shifting of the laser beam), the water vapor concentration can be retrieved. Since this is an in situ measurement there are no wall effects and measurements can be made at a rate of more than 20 per second. This allows small spatial variations of water vapor to be studied. In order to study the sensitivity of the instrument to variations in temperature and air speed, a computer program which generated the 2f, 3f, 4f, DC and 2f/DC signals of the instrument as a function of temperature, pressure and air speed was written. This model was used to determine the effect of errors in measurement of the temperature and air speed on the measured water vapor concentration. Future studies will quantify the effect of pressure measurement errors, which are expected to be very small. As a result of these studied, a retrieval algorithm has been formulated, and will be applied to data taken during the PEM-West atmospheric science field mission. Spectroscopic studies of the water vapor line used by the instrument will be used to refine this algorithm. To prepare for these studies, several lasers have been studied to determine their

  15. Open tube guideway for high speed air cushioned vehicles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Goering, R. S. (Inventor)

    1974-01-01

    This invention is a tubular shaped guideway for high-speed air-cushioned supported vehicles. The tubular guideway is split and separated such that the sides of the guideway are open. The upper portion of the tubular guideway is supported above the lower portion by truss-like structural members. The lower portion of the tubular guideway may be supported by the terrain over which the vehicle travels, on pedestals or some similar structure.

  16. Adaptation of superconducting fault current limiter to high-speed reclosing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koyama, T.; Yanabu, S.

    2009-10-01

    Using a high temperature superconductor, we constructed and tested a model superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL). The superconductor might break in some cases because of its excessive generation of heat. Therefore, it is desirable to interrupt early the current that flows to superconductor. So, we proposed the SFCL using an electromagnetic repulsion switch which is composed of a superconductor, a vacuum interrupter and a by-pass coil, and its structure is simple. Duration that the current flow in the superconductor can be easily minimized to the level of less than 0.5 cycle using this equipment. On the other hand, the fault current is also easily limited by large reactance of the parallel coil. There is duty of high-speed reclosing after interrupting fault current in the electric power system. After the fault current is interrupted, the back-up breaker is re-closed within 350 ms. So, the electromagnetic repulsion switch should return to former state and the superconductor should be recovered to superconducting state before high-speed reclosing. Then, we proposed the SFCL using an electromagnetic repulsion switch which employs our new reclosing function. We also studied recovery time of the superconductor, because superconductor should be recovered to superconducting state within 350 ms. In this paper, the recovery time characteristics of the superconducting wire were investigated. Also, we combined the superconductor with the electromagnetic repulsion switch, and we did performance test. As a result, a high-speed reclosing within 350 ms was proven to be possible.

  17. Air/sea DMS gas transfer in the North Atlantic: evidence for limited interfacial gas exchange at high wind speed

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bell, T. G.; De Bruyn, W.; Miller, S. D.; Ward, B.; Christensen, K.; Saltzman, E. S.

    2013-05-01

    Shipboard measurements of eddy covariance DMS air/sea fluxes and seawater concentration were carried out in the North Atlantic bloom region in June/July 2011. Gas transfer coefficients (k660) show a linear dependence on mean horizontal wind speed at wind speeds up to 11 m s-1. At higher wind speeds the relationship between k660 and wind speed weakens. At high winds, measured DMS fluxes were lower than predicted based on the linear relationship between wind speed and interfacial stress extrapolated from low to intermediate wind speeds. In contrast, the transfer coefficient for sensible heat did not exhibit this effect. The apparent suppression of air/sea gas flux at higher wind speeds appears to be related to sea state, as determined from shipboard wave measurements. These observations are consistent with the idea that long waves suppress near surface water side turbulence, and decrease interfacial gas transfer. This effect may be more easily observed for DMS than for less soluble gases, such as CO2, because the air/sea exchange of DMS is controlled by interfacial rather than bubble-mediated gas transfer under high wind speed conditions.

  18. Improvement of automatic control system for high-speed current collectors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sidorov, O. A.; Goryunov, V. N.; Golubkov, A. S.

    2018-01-01

    The article considers the ways of regulation of pantographs to provide quality and reliability of current collection at high speeds. To assess impact of regulation was proposed integral criterion of the quality of current collection, taking into account efficiency and reliability of operation of the pantograph. The study was carried out using mathematical model of interaction of pantograph and catenary system, allowing to assess contact force and intensity of arcing at the contact zone at different movement speeds. The simulation results allowed us to estimate the efficiency of different methods of regulation of pantographs and determine the best option.

  19. A generalized model for the air-sea transfer of dimethyl sulfide at high wind speeds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vlahos, Penny; Monahan, Edward C.

    2009-11-01

    The air-sea exchange of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important component of ocean biogeochemistry and global climate models. Both laboratory experiments and field measurements of DMS transfer rates have shown that the air-sea flux of DMS is analogous to that of other significant greenhouse gases such as CO2 at low wind speeds (<10 m/s) but that these DMS transfer rates may diverge from other gases as wind speeds increase. Herein we provide a mechanism that predicts the attenuation of DMS transfer rates at high wind speeds. The model is based on the amphiphilic nature of DMS that leads to transfer delay at the water-bubble interface and becomes significant at wind speeds above >10 m/s. The result is an attenuation of the dimensionless Henry's Law constant (H) where (Heff = H/(1 + (Cmix/Cw) ΦB) by a solubility enhancement Cmix/Cw, and the fraction of bubble surface area per m2 surface ocean.

  20. Numerical Simulations of Laminar Air-Water Flow of a Non-linear Progressive Wave at Low Wind Speed

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wen, X.; Mobbs, S.

    2014-03-01

    A numerical simulation for two-dimensional laminar air-water flow of a non-linear progressive water wave with large steepness is performed when the background wind speed varies from zero to the wave phase speed. It is revealed that in the water the difference between the analytical solution of potential flow and numerical solution of viscous flow is very small, indicating that both solutions of the potential flow and viscous flow describe the water wave very accurately. In the air the solutions of potential and viscous flows are very different due to the effects of viscosity. The velocity distribution in the airflow is strongly influenced by the background wind speed and it is found that three wind speeds, , (the maximum orbital velocity of a water wave), and (the wave phase speed), are important in distinguishing different features of the flow patterns.

  1. Sea spray contributions to the air-sea fluxes at moderate and hurricane wind speeds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mueller, J. A.; Veron, F.

    2009-12-01

    At sufficiently high wind speed conditions, the surface of the ocean separates to form a substantial number of sea spray drops, which can account for a significant fraction of the total air-sea surface area and thus make important contributions to the aggregate air-sea momentum, heat and mass fluxes. Although consensus around the qualitative impacts of these drops has been building in recent years, the quantification of their impacts has remained elusive. Ultimately, the spray-mediated fluxes depend on three controlling factors: the number and size of drops formed at the surface, the duration of suspension within the atmospheric marine boundary layer, and the rate of momentum, heat and mass transfer between the drops and the atmosphere. While the latter factor can be estimated from an established, physically-based theory, the estimates for the former two are not well established. Using a recent, physically-based model of the sea spray source function along with the results from Lagrangian stochastic simulations of individual drops, we estimate the aggregate spray-mediated fluxes, finding reasonable agreement with existing models and estimates within the empirical range of wind speed conditions. At high wind speed conditions that are outside the empirical range, however, we find somewhat lower spray-mediated fluxes than previously reported in the literature, raising new questions about the relative air-sea fluxes at high wind speeds as well as the development and sustainment of hurricanes.

  2. An Inexpensive and Versatile Version of Kundt's Tube for Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Papacosta, Pangratios; Linscheid, Nathan

    2016-01-01

    Experiments that measure the speed of sound in air are common in high schools and colleges. In the Kundt's tube experiment, a horizontal air column is adjusted until a resonance mode is achieved for a specific frequency of sound. When this happens, the cork dust in the tube is disturbed at the displacement antinode regions. The location of the displacement antinodes enables the measurement of the wavelength of the sound that is being used. This paper describes a design that uses a speaker instead of the traditional aluminum rod as the sound source. This allows the use of multiple sound frequencies that yield a much more accurate speed of sound in air.

  3. A New Type Hi-Speed BLDC Control System Base on Indirect Current Control Strategy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, D. P.; Wang, Y. C.; Zhang, F. G.; Jin, S.

    2017-05-01

    High speed BLDC has the characteristic as larger air gap smaller armature inductance, traditional PWM modulation will produce a great number of high frequency current harmonics which led problem like large torque ripple and serious motor heat. In the meantime traditional PWM modulation use the diode rectifier which cause harmonic pollution in electric power net. To solve the problem above, proposes a new motor controller topology. Using the IGBT device to replace the diode on frequency converter rectifier side, apply the power factor correction technology, reduce the pollution on the grid. Using busbar current modulation on the inverter, driving bridge-arm use 3-phase 6-state open as driving Mode, realize the control on a 10000r/min,10kw BLDC. The results of Simulation on matlab show the topological structure as proposed can effectively improve the network side power factor and reduce the motor armature winding harmonic and motor torque ripple.

  4. Air-sea dimethylsulfide (DMS) gas transfer in the North Atlantic: evidence for limited interfacial gas exchange at high wind speed

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bell, T. G.; De Bruyn, W.; Miller, S. D.; Ward, B.; Christensen, K.; Saltzman, E. S.

    2013-11-01

    Shipboard measurements of eddy covariance dimethylsulfide (DMS) air-sea fluxes and seawater concentration were carried out in the North Atlantic bloom region in June/July 2011. Gas transfer coefficients (k660) show a linear dependence on mean horizontal wind speed at wind speeds up to 11 m s-1. At higher wind speeds the relationship between k660 and wind speed weakens. At high winds, measured DMS fluxes were lower than predicted based on the linear relationship between wind speed and interfacial stress extrapolated from low to intermediate wind speeds. In contrast, the transfer coefficient for sensible heat did not exhibit this effect. The apparent suppression of air-sea gas flux at higher wind speeds appears to be related to sea state, as determined from shipboard wave measurements. These observations are consistent with the idea that long waves suppress near-surface water-side turbulence, and decrease interfacial gas transfer. This effect may be more easily observed for DMS than for less soluble gases, such as CO2, because the air-sea exchange of DMS is controlled by interfacial rather than bubble-mediated gas transfer under high wind speed conditions.

  5. Speed and path control for conflict-free flight in high air traffic demand in terminal airspace

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rezaei, Ali

    To accommodate the growing air traffic demand, flights will need to be planned and navigated with a much higher level of precision than today's aircraft flight path. The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) stands to benefit significantly in safety and efficiency from such movement of aircraft along precisely defined paths. Air Traffic Operations (ATO) relying on such precision--the Precision Air Traffic Operations or PATO--are the foundation of high throughput capacity envisioned for the future airports. In PATO, the preferred method is to manage the air traffic by assigning a speed profile to each aircraft in a given fleet in a given airspace (in practice known as (speed control). In this research, an algorithm has been developed, set in the context of a Hybrid Control System (HCS) model, that determines whether a speed control solution exists for a given fleet of aircraft in a given airspace and if so, computes this solution as a collective speed profile that assures separation if executed without deviation. Uncertainties such as weather are not considered but the algorithm can be modified to include uncertainties. The algorithm first computes all feasible sequences (i.e., all sequences that allow the given fleet of aircraft to reach destinations without violating the FAA's separation requirement) by looking at all pairs of aircraft. Then, the most likely sequence is determined and the speed control solution is constructed by a backward trajectory generation, starting with the aircraft last out and proceeds to the first out. This computation can be done for different sequences in parallel which helps to reduce the computation time. If such a solution does not exist, then the algorithm calculates a minimal path modification (known as path control) that will allow separation-compliance speed control. We will also prove that the algorithm will modify the path without creating a new separation violation. The new path will be generated by adding new

  6. Measuring the speed resolution of extensive air showers at the Southern Pierre Auger Observatory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gesterling, Kathleen; Sarazin, Fred

    2009-10-01

    Ultra-high energy cosmic rays induce extensive air showers (EASs) in Earth's atmosphere which are assumed to propagate at the speed of light. The fluorescence detector (FD) at the Southern Pierre Auger Observatory detects the light signal from the EAS and directly measures the energy of the cosmic ray. When two or more FD sites observe an event, the geometry of the shower can be calculated independently of the velocity it is traveling. It is then possible to fit the time profile recorded in the FD using the shower speed as a free parameter. The analysis of a collection of stereo events allowed us to determine with what speed resolution we can measure EASs with sensitivity to subluminal components. Knowing the speed resolution we can look for objects propagating significantly below the speed of light.

  7. Measuring the speed of sound in air using smartphone applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yavuz, A.

    2015-05-01

    This study presents a revised version of an old experiment available in many textbooks for measuring the speed of sound in air. A signal-generator application in a smartphone is used to produce the desired sound frequency. Nodes of sound waves in a glass pipe, of which one end is immersed in water, are more easily detected, so results can be obtained more quickly than from traditional acoustic experiments using tuning forks.

  8. Use of nose cap and fuselage pressure orifices for determination of air data for space shuttle orbiter below supersonic speeds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Larson, T. J.; Siemers, P. M., III

    1980-01-01

    Wind tunnel pressure measurements were acquired from orifices on a 0.1 scale forebody model of the space shuttle orbiter that were arranged in a preliminary configuration of the shuttle entry air data system (SEADS). Pressures from those and auxiliary orifices were evaluated for their ability to provide air data at subsonic and transonic speeds. The orifices were on the vehicle's nose cap and on the sides of the forebody forward of the cabin. The investigation covered a Mach number range of 0.25 to 1.40 and an angle of attack range from 4 deg. to 18 deg. An air data system consisting of nose cap and forebody fuselage orifices constitutes a complete and accurate air data system at subsonic and transonic speeds. For Mach numbers less than 0.80 orifices confined to the nose cap can be used as a complete and accurate air data system. Air data systems that use only flush pressure orifices can be used to determine basic air data on other aircraft at subsonic and transonic speeds.

  9. Cross-infection risks associated with current procedures for using high-speed dental handpieces.

    PubMed Central

    Lewis, D L; Boe, R K

    1992-01-01

    When a dye solution used to simulate patient material was either injected into high-speed dental handpiece (drill) waterlines or applied to the equipment externally, internal air turbine chambers became contaminated. These chambers served as a reservoir of the material, which was slowly dislodged by air expelled during subsequent handpiece operation and which was diluted by water spray used for cooling the drilling surface. Considering the fact that patient materials could reside in internal parts of the equipment that are not usually disinfected and that the material may be subsequently sprayed into cuts and abrasions in the oral cavity, the common approach to reprocessing handpieces (external wiping in combination with flushing) may pose unacceptably high risks to those individuals treated soon after infected patients. Therefore, unless reliable data on cross-infection frequencies are obtained and prove it unnecessary, heat-treating high-speed handpieces between each patient should be considered an essential component of standard procedures whenever universal precautions are practiced in dentistry. PMID:1537909

  10. Relation of sortable silt grain-size to deep-sea current speeds: Calibration of the 'Mud Current Meter'

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCave, I. N.; Thornalley, D. J. R.; Hall, I. R.

    2017-09-01

    Fine grain-size parameters have been used for inference of palaeoflow speeds of near-bottom currents in the deep-sea. The basic idea stems from observations of varying sediment size parameters on a continental margin with a gradient from slower flow speeds at shallower depths to faster at deeper. In the deep-sea, size-sorting occurs during deposition after benthic storm resuspension events. At flow speeds below 10-15 cm s-1 mean grain-size in the terrigenous non-cohesive 'sortable silt' range (denoted by SS bar , mean of 10-63 μm) is controlled by selective deposition, whereas above that range removal of finer material by winnowing is also argued to play a role. A calibration of the SS bar grain-size flow speed proxy based on sediment samples taken adjacent to sites of long-term current meters set within 100 m of the sea bed for more than a year is presented here. Grain-size has been measured by either Sedigraph or Coulter Counter, in some cases both, between which there is an excellent correlation for SS bar (r = 0.96). Size-speed data indicate calibration relationships with an overall sensitivity of 1.36 ± 0.19 cm s-1/μm. A calibration line comprising 12 points including 9 from the Iceland overflow region is well defined, but at least two other smaller groups (Weddell/Scotia Sea and NW Atlantic continental rise/Rockall Trough) are fitted by sub-parallel lines with a smaller constant. This suggests a possible influence of the calibre of material supplied to the site of deposition (not the initial source supply) which, if depleted in very coarse silt (31-63 μm), would limit SS bar to smaller values for a given speed than with a broader size-spectrum supply. Local calibrations, or a core-top grain-size and local flow speed, are thus necessary to infer absolute speeds from grain-size. The trend of the calibrations diverges markedly from the slope of experimental critical erosion and deposition flow speeds versus grain-size, making it unlikely that the SS bar (or

  11. Efficient Computation of Separation-Compliant Speed Advisories for Air Traffic Arriving in Terminal Airspace

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sadovsky, Alexander V.; Davis, Damek; Isaacson, Douglas R.

    2012-01-01

    A class of problems in air traffic management asks for a scheduling algorithm that supplies the air traffic services authority not only with a schedule of arrivals and departures, but also with speed advisories. Since advisories must be finite, a scheduling algorithm must ultimately produce a finite data set, hence must either start with a purely discrete model or involve a discretization of a continuous one. The former choice, often preferred for intuitive clarity, naturally leads to mixed-integer programs, hindering proofs of correctness and computational cost bounds (crucial for real-time operations). In this paper, a hybrid control system is used to model air traffic scheduling, capturing both the discrete and continuous aspects. This framework is applied to a class of problems, called the Fully Routed Nominal Problem. We prove a number of geometric results on feasible schedules and use these results to formulate an algorithm that attempts to compute a collective speed advisory, effectively finite, and has computational cost polynomial in the number of aircraft. This work is a first step toward optimization and models refined with more realistic detail.

  12. Passive air sampling using semipermeable membrane devices at different wind-speeds in situ calibrated by performance reference compounds.

    PubMed

    Söderström, Hanna S; Bergqvist, Per-Anders

    2004-09-15

    Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are passive samplers used to measure the vapor phase of organic pollutants in air. This study tested whether extremely high wind-speeds during a 21-day sampling increased the sampling rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and whether the release of performance reference compounds (PRCs) was related to the uptakes at different wind-speeds. Five samplers were deployed in an indoor, unheated, and dark wind tunnel with different wind-speeds at each site (6-50 m s(-1)). In addition, one sampler was deployed outside the wind tunnel and one outside the building. To test whether a sampler, designed to reduce the wind-speeds, decreased the uptake and release rates, each sampler in the wind tunnel included two SPMDs positioned inside a protective device and one unprotected SPMD outside the device. The highest amounts of PAHs and PCBs were found in the SPMDs exposed to the assumed highest wind-speeds. Thus, the SPMD sampling rates increased with increasing wind-speeds, indicating that the uptake was largely controlled by the boundary layer at the membrane-air interface. The coefficient of variance (introduced by the 21-day sampling and the chemical analysis) for the air concentrations of three PAHs and three PCBs, calculated using the PRC data, was 28-46%. Thus, the PRCs had a high ability to predict site effects of wind and assess the actual sampling situation. Comparison between protected and unprotected SPMDs showed that the sampler design reduced the wind-speed inside the devices and thereby the uptake and release rates.

  13. Air speeds of migrating birds observed by ornithodolite and compared with predictions from flight theory

    PubMed Central

    Pennycuick, C. J.; Åkesson, Susanne; Hedenström, Anders

    2013-01-01

    We measured the air speeds of 31 bird species, for which we had body mass and wing measurements, migrating along the east coast of Sweden in autumn, using a Vectronix Vector 21 ornithodolite and a Gill WindSonic anemometer. We expected each species’ average air speed to exceed its calculated minimum-power speed (Vmp), and to fall below its maximum-range speed (Vmr), but found some exceptions to both limits. To resolve these discrepancies, we first reduced the assumed induced power factor for all species from 1.2 to 0.9, attributing this to splayed and up-turned primary feathers, and then assigned body drag coefficients for different species down to 0.060 for small waders, and up to 0.12 for the mute swan, in the Reynolds number range 25 000–250 000. These results will be used to amend the default values in existing software that estimates fuel consumption in migration, energy heights on arrival and other aspects of flight performance, using classical aeronautical theory. The body drag coefficients are central to range calculations. Although they cannot be measured on dead bird bodies, they could be checked against wind tunnel measurements on living birds, using existing methods. PMID:23804440

  14. Development of Air Speed Nozzles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zahm, A F

    1920-01-01

    Report describes the development of a suitable speed nozzle for the first few thousand airplanes made by the United States during the recent war in Europe, and to furnish a basis for more mature instruments in the future. Requirements for the project were to provide a suitable pressure collector for aircraft speed meters and to develop a speed nozzle which would be waterproof, powerful, unaffected by slight pitch and yaw, rugged and easy to manufacture, and uniform in structure and reading, so as not to require individual calibration.

  15. An Inexpensive and Versatile Version of Kundt's Tube for Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Papacosta, Pangratios; Linscheid, Nathan

    2016-01-01

    Experiments that measure the speed of sound in air are common in high schools and colleges. In the Kundt's tube experiment, a horizontal air column is adjusted until a resonance mode is achieved for a specific frequency of sound. When this happens, the cork dust in the tube is disturbed at the displacement antinode regions. The location of the…

  16. Differences in regional air trapping in current smokers with normal spirometry.

    PubMed

    Karimi, Reza; Tornling, Göran; Forsslund, Helena; Mikko, Mikael; Wheelock, Åsa M; Nyrén, Sven; Sköld, C Magnus

    2017-01-01

    We investigated regional air trapping on computed tomography in current smokers with normal spirometry. It was hypothesised that presence of regional air trapping may indicate a specific manifestation of smoking-related changes.40 current smokers, 40 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 40 healthy never- smokers underwent computed tomography scans. Regional air trapping was assessed on end-expiratory scans and emphysema, micronodules and bronchial wall thickening on inspiratory scans. The ratio of expiratory and inspiratory mean lung attenuation (E/I) was calculated as a measure of static (fixed) air trapping.Regional air trapping was present in 63% of current smokers, in 45% of never smokers and in 8% of COPD patients (p<0.001). Current smokers with and without regional air trapping had E/I ratio of 0.81 and 0.91, respectively (p<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) was significantly higher and emphysema less frequent in current smokers with regional air trapping.Current smokers with regional air trapping had higher FEV 1 and less emphysema on computed tomography. In contrast, current smokers without regional air trapping resembled COPD. Our results highlight heterogeneity among smokers with normal spirometry and may contribute to early detection of smoking related structural changes in the lungs. Copyright ©ERS 2017.

  17. Flow and free running speed characterization of dental air turbine handpieces.

    PubMed

    Dyson, J E; Darvell, B W

    1999-09-01

    Dental air turbine handpieces have been widely used in clinical dentistry for over 30 years, yet little work has been reported on their performance. A few studies have been concerned with measurement of speed (i.e. rotation rate), torque and power performance of these devices, but neither investigations of functional relationships between controlling variables nor theory dealing specifically with this class of turbine have been reported. This has hindered the development of satisfactory methods of handpiece specification and of testing dental rotary cutting tools. It was the intention of the present work to remedy that deficiency. Measurements of pressure, temperature, gas flow rate and rotation rate were made with improved accuracy and precision for 14 ball bearing turbine handpieces on several gases. Functional relationships between gas properties, supply pressure, flow rate, turbine design factors and free running speed were identified and equations describing these aspects of behaviour of this class of turbine developed. The rotor radius, through peripheral Mach number, was found to be a major determinant of speed performance. In addition, gas flow was found to be an important limiting factor through the effect of choke. Each dental handpiece can be treated as a simple orifice of a characteristic cross-sectional area. Free running speed can be explained in terms of gas properties and pressure, with allowance for a design-specific performance coefficient.

  18. [The preliminary study on nursing the extraction of mandibular mesioangular impacted third molar using reversal high-speed air turbine].

    PubMed

    Song, Juan; Bi, Xiaoqin

    2012-08-01

    To study the nursing methods and its effect in mandibular mesioangular impacted third molar extraction with reversal high-speed air turbine. 60 patients with mandibular mesioangular impacted third molar were selected in this study, who were treated in Department of Senior Dentists, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, between June to December 2010. They were randomly and equally divided into control group and experimental group (n=30). The former was treated with tradition chisel splint method while the latter was treated with reversal high-speed air turbine extraction and provided appropriate nursing interventions. Postoperative reactions and wound healing status were evaluated through consultation. There were significant differences between control group and experimental group in terms of postoperative bleeding wound, swelling, dry socket and so on (P<0.05). Mandibular mesioangular impacted third molar extraction with reversal high-speed air turbine is effective, and the corresponding nursing measure is worthy further promotion.

  19. Harnessing the damping properties of materials for high-speed atomic force microscopy.

    PubMed

    Adams, Jonathan D; Erickson, Blake W; Grossenbacher, Jonas; Brugger, Juergen; Nievergelt, Adrian; Fantner, Georg E

    2016-02-01

    The success of high-speed atomic force microscopy in imaging molecular motors, enzymes and microbes in liquid environments suggests that the technique could be of significant value in a variety of areas of nanotechnology. However, the majority of atomic force microscopy experiments are performed in air, and the tapping-mode detection speed of current high-speed cantilevers is an order of magnitude lower in air than in liquids. Traditional approaches to increasing the imaging rate of atomic force microscopy have involved reducing the size of the cantilever, but further reductions in size will require a fundamental change in the detection method of the microscope. Here, we show that high-speed imaging in air can instead be achieved by changing the cantilever material. We use cantilevers fabricated from polymers, which can mimic the high damping environment of liquids. With this approach, SU-8 polymer cantilevers are developed that have an imaging-in-air detection bandwidth that is 19 times faster than those of conventional cantilevers of similar size, resonance frequency and spring constant.

  20. Determination of torque speed current characteristics of a brushless DC motor by utilizing back-EMF of non-energized phase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jang, G. H.; Yeom, J. H.; Kim, M. G.

    2007-03-01

    This paper presents a method to determine the torque constant and the torque-speed-current characteristics of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor by utilizing back-EMF variation of nonenergized phase. It also develops a BLDC motor controller with a digital signal processor (DSP) to monitor its current, voltage and speed in real time. Torque-speed-current characteristics of a BLDC motor are determined by using the proposed method and the developed controller. They are compared with the torque-speed-current characteristics measured by dynamometer experimentally. This research shows that the proposed method is an effective method to determine the torque constant and the torque-speed-current characteristics of the BLDC motor without using dynamometer.

  1. High precision, fast ultrasonic thermometer based on measurement of the speed of sound in air

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, K. N.; Huang, C. F.; Li, Y. C.; Young, M. S.

    2002-11-01

    This study presents a microcomputer-based ultrasonic system which measures air temperature by detecting variations in the speed of sound in the air. Changes in the speed of sound are detected by phase shift variations of a 40 kHz continuous ultrasonic wave. In a test embodiment, two 40 kHz ultrasonic transducers are set face to face at a constant distance. Phase angle differences between transmitted and received signals are determined by a FPGA digital phase detector and then analyzed in an 89C51 single-chip microcomputer. Temperature is calculated and then sent to a LCD display and, optionally, to a PC. Accuracy of measurement is within 0.05 degC at an inter-transducer distance of 10 cm. Temperature variations are displayed within 10 ms. The main advantages of the proposed system are high resolution, rapid temperature measurement, noncontact measurement and easy implementation.

  2. Sensitivity of Global Sea-Air CO2 Flux to Gas Transfer Algorithms, Climatological Wind Speeds, and Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    McClain, Charles R.; Signorini, Sergio

    2002-01-01

    Sensitivity analyses of sea-air CO2 flux to gas transfer algorithms, climatological wind speeds, sea surface temperatures (SST) and salinity (SSS) were conducted for the global oceans and selected regional domains. Large uncertainties in the global sea-air flux estimates are identified due to different gas transfer algorithms, global climatological wind speeds, and seasonal SST and SSS data. The global sea-air flux ranges from -0.57 to -2.27 Gt/yr, depending on the combination of gas transfer algorithms and global climatological wind speeds used. Different combinations of SST and SSS global fields resulted in changes as large as 35% on the oceans global sea-air flux. An error as small as plus or minus 0.2 in SSS translates into a plus or minus 43% deviation on the mean global CO2 flux. This result emphasizes the need for highly accurate satellite SSS observations for the development of remote sensing sea-air flux algorithms.

  3. Influence of travel speed on spray deposition uniformity from an air-assisted variable-rate sprayer

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    A newly developed LiDAR-guided air-assisted variable-rate sprayer for nursery and orchard applications was tested at various travel speeds to compare its spray deposition and coverage uniformity with constant-rate applications. Spray samplers, including nylon screens and water-sensitive papers (WSP)...

  4. Study on the stability of waterpower-speed control system for hydropower station with air cushion surge chamber

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, W. C.; Yang, J. D.; Chen, J. P.; Teng, Y.

    2014-03-01

    According to the fact that the effects of penstock, unit and governor on stability of water level fluctuation for hydropower station with air cushion surge chamber are neglected in previous researches, in this paper, Thoma assumption is broken through, the complete mathematical model of waterpower-speed control system for hydropower station with air cushion surge chamber is established, and the comprehensive transfer function and linear homogeneous differential equation that characterize the dynamic characteristics of system are derived. The stability domain that characterizes the good or bad of stability quantitatively is drawn by using the stability conditions. The effects of the fluid inertia in water diversion system, the air cushion surge chamber parameters, hydraulic turbine characteristics, generator characteristics, and regulation modes of governor on the stability of waterpower-speed control system are analyzed through stability domain. The main conclusions are as follows: The fluid inertia in water diversion system and hydraulic turbine characteristics have unfavorable effects on the system while generator characteristics have favorable effect. The stability keeps getting better with the increase of chamber height and basal area and the decrease of air pressure and air polytropic exponent. The stability of power regulation mode is obviously better than that of frequency regulation mode.

  5. A current review of high speed railways experiences in Asia and Europe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Purba, Aleksander; Nakamura, Fumihiko; Dwsbu, Chatarina Niken; Jafri, Muhammad; Pratomo, Priyo

    2017-11-01

    High-Speed Railways (HSR) is currently regarded as one of the most significant technological breakthroughs in passenger transportation developed in the second half of the 20th century. At the beginning of 2008, there were about 10,000 kilometers of new high-speed lines in operation in Asia and Europe regions to provide high-speed services to passengers willing to pay for lower travel time and quality improvement in rail transport. And since 2010, HSR itself has received a great deal of attention in Indonesia. Some transportation analysts contend that Indonesia, particularly Java and Sumatera islands need a high-speed rail network to be economically competitive with countries in Asia and Europe. On April 2016, Indonesia-China consortium Kereta Cepat Indonesia China (KCIC) signed an engineering, procurement, and construction contract to build the HSR with a consortium of seven companies called the High-Speed Railway Contractor Consortium. The HSR is expected to debut by May 2019, offering a 45-minute trip covering a roughly 150 km route. However, building, maintaining and operating HSR line is expensive; it involves a significant amount of sunk costs and may substantially compromise both the transport policy of a country and the development of its transport sector for decades. The main objective of this paper is to discuss some characteristics of the HSR services from an economic viewpoint, while simultaneously developing an empirical framework that should help us to understand, in more detail, the factors determining the success of the HSR as transport alternative based on current experiences of selected Asian and European countries.

  6. [Separation of alkaloids in tea by high-speed counter-current chromatography].

    PubMed

    Yuan, L; Fu, R; Zhang, T; Deng, J; Li, X

    1998-07-01

    Alkaloids extracted from the green tea were separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography. A series of experiments have been performed to investigate effects of different solvent system. A system of CHCl3-CH3OH-NaH2PO4(23 mmol/L) = (4:3:2) was selected, in which the upper phase was used as the stationary phase, and the lower phase as mobile phase. When acidity of solvent system is pH 5.6, three chemical components are very efficiently isolated by one injection of 50 mg sample mixture. Analyzing the eluted fractions by TLC, we know that one is caffeine, and the other is theophylline. In comparing the separation results by high-speed counter-current chromatography with those by TLC, the advantages of this method is verified. It should find wide applications of this technology for the separation of crude mixture of plant components.

  7. Study on atomization features of a plain injector in high speed transverse air stream

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wan, Jian; Gu, Shanjian; Yang, Maolin; Xiao, Weihui

    1990-04-01

    The atomization features of a plain injector in high-speed transverse air stream were investigated by Malvern. In this investigation, air velocity ranged from 50-150m/s, pressure drop of fuel injector, (1.1 - 4.2) x 10 to the 6th Pa, diameter of orifice, 0.5 - 0.9 mm, axial distance between the injector and the survey plane, 50 - 250 mm. Aviation kerosene was used in all experiments. It was found that the atomization features in high pressure drop of fuel injector were greatly differed from the low pressure drop of fuel injector.

  8. A testing machine for dental air-turbine handpiece characteristics: free-running speed, stall torque, bearing resistance.

    PubMed

    Darvell, Brain W; Dyson, J E

    2005-01-01

    The measurement of performance characteristics of dental air turbine handpieces is of interest with respect to product comparisons, standards specifications and monitoring of bearing longevity in clinical service. Previously, however, bulky and expensive laboratory equipment was required. A portable test machine is described for determining three key characteristics of dental air-turbine handpieces: free-running speed, stall torque and bearing resistance. It relies on a special circuit design for performing a hardware integration of a force signal with respect to rotational position, independent of the rate at which the turbine is allowed to turn during both stall torque and bearing resistance measurements. Free-running speed without the introduction of any imbalance can be readily monitored. From the essential linear relationship between torque and speed, dynamic torque and, hence, power, can then be calculated. In order for these measurements to be performed routinely with the necessary precision of location on the test stage, a detailed procedure for ensuring proper gripping of the handpiece is described. The machine may be used to verify performance claims, standard compliance checks should this be established as appropriate, monitor deterioration with time and usage in the clinical environment and for laboratory investigation of design development.

  9. Electron-Beam Produced Air Plasma: Optical Measurement of Beam Current

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vidmar, Robert; Stalder, Kenneth; Seeley, Megan

    2006-10-01

    Experiments to quantify the electron beam current and distribution of beam current in air plasma are discussed. The air plasma is produced by a 100-keV 10-mA electron beam source that traverses a transmission window into a chamber with air as a target gas. Air pressure is between 1 mTorr and 760 Torr. Strong optical emissions due to electron impact ionization are observed for the N2 2^nd positive line at 337.1 nm and the N2^+ 1^st negative line at 391.4 nm. Calibration of optical emissions using signals from the isolated transmission window and a Faraday plate are discussed. The calibrated optical system is then used to quantify the electron distribution in the air plasma.

  10. Comparison of Predictive Modeling Methods of Aircraft Landing Speed

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Diallo, Ousmane H.

    2012-01-01

    Expected increases in air traffic demand have stimulated the development of air traffic control tools intended to assist the air traffic controller in accurately and precisely spacing aircraft landing at congested airports. Such tools will require an accurate landing-speed prediction to increase throughput while decreasing necessary controller interventions for avoiding separation violations. There are many practical challenges to developing an accurate landing-speed model that has acceptable prediction errors. This paper discusses the development of a near-term implementation, using readily available information, to estimate/model final approach speed from the top of the descent phase of flight to the landing runway. As a first approach, all variables found to contribute directly to the landing-speed prediction model are used to build a multi-regression technique of the response surface equation (RSE). Data obtained from operations of a major airlines for a passenger transport aircraft type to the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport are used to predict the landing speed. The approach was promising because it decreased the standard deviation of the landing-speed error prediction by at least 18% from the standard deviation of the baseline error, depending on the gust condition at the airport. However, when the number of variables is reduced to the most likely obtainable at other major airports, the RSE model shows little improvement over the existing methods. Consequently, a neural network that relies on a nonlinear regression technique is utilized as an alternative modeling approach. For the reduced number of variables cases, the standard deviation of the neural network models errors represent over 5% reduction compared to the RSE model errors, and at least 10% reduction over the baseline predicted landing-speed error standard deviation. Overall, the constructed models predict the landing-speed more accurately and precisely than the current state-of-the-art.

  11. Method and apparatus for controlling the solenoid current of a solenoid valve which controls the amount of suction of air in an internal combustion engine

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kiuchi, T.; Sakurai, H.

    1988-09-20

    This patent describes an apparatus for controlling the solenoid current of a solenoid valve which controls suction air in an internal combustion engine. The apparatus consists of: (a) engine rotational speed detector means for detecting engine rotational speed; (b) aimed idle speed setting means for generating a signal corresponding to a predetermined idling speed; (c) first calculating means coupled to the engine rotational speed detector means and the aimed idle speed setting means for calculating a feedback control term (Ifb(n)) as a function of an integration term (Iai), a proportion term (Ip), and a differentiation term (Id); (d) first determiningmore » and storing means coupled to the first calculating means, for determining an integration term (Iai(n)) of the the feedback control term (Ifb(n)) and for determining a determined value (Ixref) in accordance therewith; (e) changeover means coupled to the first calculating means and the first determining and storing means for selecting the output of one of the first calculating means or the first determining and storing means; (f) first signal generating means coupled to the changeover means for generating a solenoid current control value (Icmd) as a function of the output of the changeover means.« less

  12. Method and apparatus for controlling the solenoid current of a solenoid valve which controls the amount of suction of air in an internal combustion engine

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kiuchi, T.; Yasuoka, A.

    1988-09-13

    This patent describes apparatus for controlling the solenoid current of a selenoid valve which controls the amount of suction air in an internal combustion engine, the apparatus comprising: (a) engine rotational speed detector means for detecting engine rotational speed; (b) aimed idle speed setting means for generating a signal corresponding to a predetermined idling speed; (c) first calculating means coupled to the engine rotational speed detector means and the aimed idle speed setting means for calculating a feedback control term Ifb(n) as a function of an integration term (Iai), a proportion term (Ip), and a differentiation term (Id); (d) firstmore » determining and storing means coupled to the first calculating means, for determining an integration term (Iai(n)) of the feedback control term (Ifb(n)) and for determining a determined value (Ixref) in accordance therewith; (e) changeover means coupled to the first calculating means and the first determining and storing means for selecting the output of one of the first calculating means or the first determining and storing means; (f) first signal generating means coupled to the changeover means for generating a solenoid current control value (Icmd) as a function of the output of the changeover.« less

  13. A Comparative Study of Sound Speed in Air at Room Temperature between a Pressure Sensor and a Sound Sensor

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Amrani, D.

    2013-01-01

    This paper deals with the comparison of sound speed measurements in air using two types of sensor that are widely employed in physics and engineering education, namely a pressure sensor and a sound sensor. A computer-based laboratory with pressure and sound sensors was used to carry out measurements of air through a 60 ml syringe. The fast Fourier…

  14. Analysis of eddy current induced in track on medium-low speed maglev train

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Guanchun; Jia, Zhen; He, Guang; Li, Jie

    2017-06-01

    Electromagnetic levitation (EMS) maglev train relies on the attraction between the electromagnets and rails which are mounted on the train to achieve suspension. During the movement, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet will induce the eddy current in the orbit and the eddy current will weaken the suspended magnetic field. Which leads to the attenuation of the levitation force, the increases of suspension current and the degradation the suspension performance. In this paper, the influence of eddy current on the air gap magnetic field is solved by theoretical analysis, and the correction coefficient of air gap magnetic field is fitted according to the finite element data. The levitation force and current are calculated by the modified formula, and the velocity curves of the levitation force and current are obtained. The results show that the eddy current effect increases the load power by 61.9% in the case of heavy loads.

  15. High Speed Solid State Circuit Breaker

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Podlesak, Thomas F.

    1993-01-01

    The U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Fort Monmouth, NJ, has developed and is installing two 3.3 MW high speed solid state circuit breakers at the Army's Pulse Power Center. These circuit breakers will interrupt 4160V three phase power mains in no more than 300 microseconds, two orders of magnitude faster than conventional mechanical contact type circuit breakers. These circuit breakers utilize Gate Turnoff Thyristors (GTO's) and are currently utility type devices using air cooling in an air conditioned enclosure. Future refinements include liquid cooling, either water or two phase organic coolant, and more advanced semiconductors. Each of these refinements promises a more compact, more reliable unit.

  16. Precision electronic speed controller for an alternating-current

    DOEpatents

    Bolie, Victor W.

    1988-01-01

    A high precision controller for an alternating-current multi-phase electrical motor that is subject to a large inertial load. The controller was developed for and is particularly suitable for controlling, in a neutron chopper system, a heavy spinning rotor that must be rotated in phase-locked synchronism with a reference pulse train that is representative of an ac power supply signal having a meandering line frequency. The controller includes a shaft revolution sensor which provides a feedback pulse train representative of the actual speed of the motor. An internal digital timing signal generator provides a reference signal which is compared with the feedback signal in a computing unit to provide a motor control signal. In the preferred embodiment, the motor control signal is a weighted linear sum of a speed error voltage, a phase error voltage, and a drift error voltage, each of which is computed anew with each revolution of the motor shaft. The stator windings of the motor are driven by two amplifiers which are provided with input signals having the proper quadrature relationship by an exciter unit consisting of a voltage controlled oscillator, a binary counter, a pair of readonly memories, and a pair of digital-to-analog converters.

  17. The impact of changing wind speeds on gas transfer and its effect on global air-sea CO2 fluxes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wanninkhof, R.; Triñanes, J.

    2017-06-01

    An increase in global wind speeds over time is affecting the global uptake of CO2 by the ocean. We determine the impact of changing winds on gas transfer and CO2 uptake by using the recently updated, global high-resolution, cross-calibrated multiplatform wind product (CCMP-V2) and a fixed monthly pCO2 climatology. In particular, we assess global changes in the context of regional wind speed changes that are attributed to large-scale climate reorganizations. The impact of wind on global CO2 gas fluxes as determined by the bulk formula is dependent on several factors, including the functionality of the gas exchange-wind speed relationship and the regional and seasonal differences in the air-water partial pressure of CO2 gradient (ΔpCO2). The latter also controls the direction of the flux. Fluxes out of the ocean are influenced more by changes in the low-to-intermediate wind speed range, while ingassing is impacted more by changes in higher winds because of the regional correlations between wind and ΔpCO2. Gas exchange-wind speed parameterizations with a quadratic and third-order polynomial dependency on wind, each of which meets global constraints, are compared. The changes in air-sea CO2 fluxes resulting from wind speed trends are greatest in the equatorial Pacific and cause a 0.03-0.04 Pg C decade-1 increase in outgassing over the 27 year time span. This leads to a small overall decrease of 0.00 to 0.02 Pg C decade-1 in global net CO2 uptake, contrary to expectations that increasing winds increase net CO2 uptake.Plain Language SummaryThe effects of changing winds are isolated from the total change in trends in global <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea CO2 fluxes over the last 27 years. The overall effect of increasing winds over time has a smaller impact than expected as the impact in regions of outgassing is greater than for the regions acting as a CO2 sink.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863380','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863380"><span>Isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Sehmel, George A.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>An isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler includes a filter, a holder for the filter, an <span class="hlt">air</span> pump for drawing <span class="hlt">air</span> through the filter at a fixed, predetermined rate, an inlet assembly for the sampler having an inlet opening therein of a size such that isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> sampling is obtained at a particular wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, a closure for the inlet opening and means for simultaneously opening the closure and turning on the <span class="hlt">air</span> pump when the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is such that isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> sampling is obtained. A system incorporating a plurality of such samplers provided with <span class="hlt">air</span> pumps set to draw <span class="hlt">air</span> through the filter at the same fixed, predetermined rate and having different inlet opening sizes for use at different wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> is included within the ambit of the present invention as is a method of sampling <span class="hlt">air</span> to measure airborne concentrations of particulate pollutants as a function of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930084031','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930084031"><span><span class="hlt">Speed</span> limits of aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Everling, E</p> <p>1923-01-01</p> <p>This paper is restricted to the question of attainable <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits and attacks the problem from different angles. Theoretical limits due to <span class="hlt">air</span> resistance are presented along with design factors which may affect <span class="hlt">speed</span> such as wing loads, wing areas, wing section shifting, landing <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, drag-lift ratios, and power coefficients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.8034B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.8034B"><span>Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> and Sea State Dependencies of <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Gas Transfer: Results From the High Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blomquist, B. W.; Brumer, S. E.; Fairall, C. W.; Huebert, B. J.; Zappa, C. J.; Brooks, I. M.; Yang, M.; Bariteau, L.; Prytherch, J.; Hare, J. E.; Czerski, H.; Matei, A.; Pascal, R. W.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>A variety of physical mechanisms are jointly responsible for facilitating <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas transfer through turbulent processes at the atmosphere-ocean interface. The nature and relative importance of these mechanisms evolves with increasing wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Theoretical and modeling approaches are advancing, but the limited quantity of observational data at high wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> hinders the assessment of these efforts. The HiWinGS project successfully measured gas transfer coefficients (k660) with coincident wave statistics under conditions with hourly mean wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> up to 24 m s-1 and significant wave heights to 8 m. Measurements of k660 for carbon dioxide (CO2) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) show an increasing trend with respect to 10 m neutral wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> (U10N), following a power law relationship of the form: k660 CO2˜U10N1.68 and k660 dms˜U10N1.33. Among seven high wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> events, CO2 transfer responded to the intensity of wave breaking, which depended on both wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and sea state in a complex manner, with k660 CO2 increasing as the wind sea approaches full development. A similar response is not observed for DMS. These results confirm the importance of breaking waves and bubble injection mechanisms in facilitating CO2 transfer. A modified version of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment Gas transfer algorithm (COAREG ver. 3.5), incorporating a sea state-dependent calculation of bubble-mediated transfer, successfully reproduces the mean trend in observed k660 with wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> for both gases. Significant suppression of gas transfer by large waves was not observed during HiWinGS, in contrast to results from two prior field programs.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fourier&pg=3&id=EJ996092','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fourier&pg=3&id=EJ996092"><span>An Undergraduate Experiment for the Measurement of the <span class="hlt">Speed</span> of Sound in <span class="hlt">Air</span>: Phenomena and Discussion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Yang, Hujiang; Zhao, Xiaohong; Wang, Xin; Xiao, Jinghua</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present and discuss some phenomena in an undergraduate experiment for the measurement of the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in <span class="hlt">air</span>. A square wave distorts when connected to a piezoelectric transducer. Moreover, the amplitude of the receiving signal varies with the driving frequency. Comparing with the Gibbs phenomenon, these phenomena can be…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AtmEn..44.2997B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AtmEn..44.2997B"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> pollution impacts of <span class="hlt">speed</span> limitation measures in large cities: The need for improving traffic data in a metropolitan area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baldasano, José M.; Gonçalves, María; Soret, Albert; Jiménez-Guerrero, Pedro</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>Assessing the effects of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality management strategies in urban areas is a major concern worldwide because of the large impacts on health caused by the exposure to <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution. In this sense, this work analyses the changes in urban <span class="hlt">air</span> quality due to the introduction of a maximum <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit to 80 km h -1 on motorways in a large city by using a novel methodology combining traffic assimilation data and modelling systems implemented in a supercomputing facility. Albeit the methodology has been non-specifically developed and can be extrapolated to any large city or megacity, the case study of Barcelona is presented here. Hourly simulations take into account the entire year 2008 (when the 80 km h -1 limit has been introduced) vs. the traffic conditions for the year 2007. The data has been assimilated in an emission model, which considers hourly variable <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and hourly traffic intensity in the affected area, taken from long-term measurement campaigns for the aforementioned years; it also permits to take into account the traffic congestion effect. Overall, the emissions are reduced up to 4%; however the local effects of this reduction achieve an important impact for the adjacent area to the roadways, reaching 11%. In this sense, the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limitation effects assessed represent enhancements in <span class="hlt">air</span> quality levels (5-7%) of primary pollutants over the area, directly improving the welfare of 1.35 million inhabitants (over 41% of the population of the Metropolitan Area) and affecting 3.29 million dwellers who are potentially benefited from this strategy for <span class="hlt">air</span> quality management (reducing 0.6% the mortality rates in the area).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5302927','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5302927"><span>Precision electronic <span class="hlt">speed</span> controller for an alternating-<span class="hlt">current</span> motor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Bolie, V.W.</p> <p></p> <p>A high precision controller for an alternating-<span class="hlt">current</span> multi-phase electrical motor that is subject to a large inertial load. The controller was developed for controlling, in a neutron chopper system, a heavy spinning rotor that must be rotated in phase-locked synchronism with a reference pulse train that is representative of an ac power supply signal having a meandering line frequency. The controller includes a shaft revolution sensor which provides a feedback pulse train representative of the actual <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the motor. An internal digital timing signal generator provides a reference signal which is compared with the feedback signal in a computing unit to provide a motor control signal. The motor control signal is a weighted linear sum of a <span class="hlt">speed</span> error voltage, a phase error voltage, and a drift error voltage, each of which is computed anew with each revolution of the motor shaft. The <span class="hlt">speed</span> error signal is generated by a novel vernier-logic circuit which is drift-free and highly sensitive to small <span class="hlt">speed</span> changes. The phase error is also computed by digital logic, with adjustable sensitivity around a 0 mid-scale value. The drift error signal, generated by long-term counting of the phase error, is used to compensate for any slow changes in the average friction drag on the motor. An auxillary drift-byte status sensor prevents any disruptive overflow or underflow of the drift-error counter. An adjustable clocked-delay unit is inserted between the controller and the source of the reference pulse train to permit phase alignment of the rotor to any desired offset angle. The stator windings of the motor are driven by two amplifiers which are provided with input signals having the proper quadrature relationship by an exciter unit consisting of a voltage controlled oscillator, a binary counter, a pair of read-only memories, and a pair of digital-to-analog converters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/13425','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/13425"><span>The Full Cost of Intercity Transportation: A Comparison of High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Rail, <span class="hlt">Air</span>, and Highway Transportation in California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1996-06-01</p> <p>This study evaluated the full cost of three modes of intercity transportation: <span class="hlt">air</span>, highway, and high <span class="hlt">speed</span> rail. The evaluation is done within the context of the California Corridor, connecting the Los Angeles Basin and the San Francisco Bay Area. T...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009APS..MARV32009B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009APS..MARV32009B"><span>Electron Drift <span class="hlt">Speed</span> And <span class="hlt">Current</span>-Induced Drive Torques On A Domain Wall</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Berger, Luc</p> <p>2009-03-01</p> <p>It has become fashionable to describe [1] <span class="hlt">current</span>-induced torques on a DW in terms of an electron drift <span class="hlt">speed</span> u = - P*j*muB/e*M where muB is the Bohr magneton and M the saturation magnetization. While appropriate for adiabatic torques, this quantity u is misleading and not the best choice in the case of non-adiabatic torques. For example, it leads [2] to beta not equal to alpha, where beta represents the intensity of the non-adiabatic torque, and alpha is the damping parameter. By writing equations of motion for conduction- electron spins in a moving frame where the electron gas is at rest, we find [3] a direct relation between damping and non- adiabatic torques. The correct electron drift <span class="hlt">speed</span> turns out to be the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the frame, and is v = P*j/(n*q) where n and q are the carrier density and charge. It is related to the ordinary Hall constant R0 by v P*R0*j. After substituting v for u in the expression of the non-adiabatic torque, we find that beta = alpha holds now. Because v is larger than u in Permalloy, it can explain better the large <span class="hlt">current</span>-induced DW <span class="hlt">speeds</span> found [4] experimentally. In materials where R0> 0 and the carriers are dominantly hole-like, v and u have opposite signs, leading to different predictions for the sense of DW motion. We discuss examples of such materials. 1. G. Tatara and H. Kohno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 086601 (2004). 2. H. Kohno et al., J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 75, 113706 (2006). 3. L. Berger, Phys. Rev. B 75, 174401 (2007). 4. M. Hayashi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 037204 (2007).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=61525&Lab=NERL&keyword=R+AND+programming&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=61525&Lab=NERL&keyword=R+AND+programming&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>HIGH-<span class="hlt">SPEED</span> GC/MS FOR <span class="hlt">AIR</span> ANALYSIS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>High <span class="hlt">speed</span> or fast gas chromatography (FGC) consists of narrow bandwidth injection into a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> carrier gas stream passing through a short column leading to a fast detector. Many attempts have been made to demonstrate FGC, but until recently no practical method for routin...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040171483','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040171483"><span>Filtering and Control of High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Motor <span class="hlt">Current</span> in a Flywheel Energy Storage System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kenny, Barbara H.; Santiago, Walter</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The NASA Glenn Research Center has been developing technology to enable the use of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> flywheel energy storage units in future spacecraft for the last several years. An integral part of the flywheel unit is the three phase motor/generator that is used to accelerate and decelerate the flywheel. The motor/generator voltage is supplied from a pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter operating from a fixed DC voltage supply. The motor <span class="hlt">current</span> is regulated through a closed loop <span class="hlt">current</span> control that commands the necessary voltage from the inverter to achieve the desired <span class="hlt">current</span>. The <span class="hlt">current</span> regulation loop is the innermost control loop of the overall flywheel system and, as a result, must be fast and accurate over the entire operating <span class="hlt">speed</span> range (20,000 to 60,000 rpm) of the flywheel. The voltage applied to the motor is a high frequency PWM version of the DC bus voltage that results in the commanded fundamental value plus higher order harmonics. Most of the harmonic content is at the switching frequency and above. The higher order harmonics cause a rapid change in voltage to be applied to the motor that can result in large voltage stresses across the motor windings. In addition, the high frequency content in the motor causes sensor noise in the magnetic bearings that leads to disturbances for the bearing control. To alleviate these problems, a filter is used to present a more sinusoidal voltage to the motor/generator. However, the filter adds additional dynamics and phase lag to the motor system that can interfere with the performance of the <span class="hlt">current</span> regulator. This paper will discuss the tuning methodology and results for the motor/generator <span class="hlt">current</span> regulator and the impact of the filter on the control. Results at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> up to 50,000 rpm are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15051461','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15051461"><span>Movement of fine particles on an <span class="hlt">air</span> bubble surface studied using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video microscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Anh V; Evans, Geoffrey M</p> <p>2004-05-01</p> <p>A CCD high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video microscopy system operating at 1000 frames per second was used to obtain direct quantitative measurements of the trajectories of fine glass spheres on the surface of <span class="hlt">air</span> bubbles. The glass spheres were rendered hydrophobic by a methylation process. Rupture of the intervening water film between a hydrophobic particle and an <span class="hlt">air</span> bubble with the consequent formation of a three-phase contact was observed. The bubble-particle sliding attachment interaction is not satisfactorily described by the available theories. Surface forces had little effect on the particle sliding with a water film, which ruptured probably due to the submicrometer-sized gas bubbles existing at the hydrophobic particle-water interface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA094696','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA094696"><span>Microprocessor Control of Low <span class="hlt">Speed</span> VSTOL Flight.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1979-06-08</p> <p>Analog IAS Indicated <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Speed</span> I/O Input/Output KIAS Knots, Indicated <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Speed</span> NATOPS Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Training and Operating Procedures Standardization SAS...computer programming necessary in the research, and contain, in the form of computer- generated time histories, the results of the project. -17- I...of the aircraft causes airflow over the wings and therefore produces aerodynamic lift. As the transition progresses, wing- generated lift gradually</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.2795P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.2795P"><span>The most intense <span class="hlt">current</span> sheets in the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> solar wind near 1 AU</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Podesta, John J.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Electric <span class="hlt">currents</span> in the solar wind plasma are investigated using 92 ms fluxgate magnetometer data acquired in a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> stream near 1 AU. The minimum resolvable scale is roughly 0.18 s in the spacecraft frame or, using Taylor's "frozen turbulence" approximation, one proton inertial length di in the plasma frame. A new way of identifying <span class="hlt">current</span> sheets is developed that utilizes a proxy for the <span class="hlt">current</span> density J obtained from the derivatives of the three orthogonal components of the observed magnetic field B. The most intense <span class="hlt">currents</span> are identified as 5σ events, where σ is the standard deviation of the <span class="hlt">current</span> density. The observed 5σ events are characterized by an average scale size of approximately 3di along the flow direction of the solar wind, a median separation of around 50di or 100di along the flow direction of the solar wind, and a peak <span class="hlt">current</span> density on the order of 0.5 pA/cm2. The associated <span class="hlt">current</span>-carrying structures are consistent with <span class="hlt">current</span> sheets; however, the planar geometry of these structures cannot be confirmed using single-point, single-spacecraft measurements. If Taylor's hypothesis continues to hold for the energetically dominant fluctuations at kinetic scales 1<kdi≲40, then the results suggest that the most intense <span class="hlt">current</span>-carrying structures in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> wind occur at electron scales, although the peak <span class="hlt">current</span> densities at kinetic and electron scales are predicted to be nearly the same as those found in this study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMOS22B..07M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMOS22B..07M"><span>Wintertime <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Gas Transfer Rates and <span class="hlt">Air</span> Injection Fluxes at Station Papa in the NE Pacific</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McNeil, C.; Steiner, N.; Vagle, S.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>In recent studies of <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea fluxes of N2 and O2 in hurricanes, McNeil and D'Asaro (2007) used a simplified model formulation of <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas flux to estimate simultaneous values of gas transfer rate, KT, and <span class="hlt">air</span> injection flux, VT. The model assumes <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas fluxes at high to extreme wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> can be explained by a combination of two processes: 1) <span class="hlt">air</span> injection, by complete dissolution of small bubbles drawn down into the ocean boundary layer by turbulent <span class="hlt">currents</span>, and 2) near-surface equilibration processes, such as occurs within whitecaps. This analysis technique relies on <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas flux estimates for two gases, N2 and O2, to solve for the two model parameters, KT and VT. We present preliminary results of similar analysis of time series data collected during winter storms at Station Papa in the NE Pacific during 2003/2004. The data show a clear increase in KT and VT with increasing NCEP derived wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and acoustically measured bubble penetration depth.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRC..121.4763L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRC..121.4763L"><span>Impact of <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> on mass flux to a model flexible seagrass blade</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lei, Jiarui; Nepf, Heidi</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Seagrass and other freshwater macrophytes can acquire nutrients from surrounding water through their blades. This flux may depend on the <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> (U), which can influence both the posture of flexible blades (reconfiguration) and the thickness of the flux-limiting diffusive layer. The impact of <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> (U) on mass flux to flexible blades of model seagrass was studied through a combination of laboratory flume experiments, numerical modeling and theory. Model seagrass blades were constructed from low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and 1, 2-dichlorobenzene was used as a tracer chemical. The tracer mass accumulation in the blades was measured at different unidirectional <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. A numerical model was used to estimate the transfer velocity (K) by fitting the measured mass uptake to a one-dimensional diffusion model. The measured transfer velocity was compared to predictions based on laminar and turbulent boundary layers developing over a flat plate parallel to flow, for which K∝U0.5 and ∝U, respectively. The degree of blade reconfiguration depended on the dimensionless Cauchy number, Ca, which is a function of both the blade stiffness and flow velocity. For large Ca, the majority of the blade was parallel to the flow, and the measured transfer velocity agreed with laminar boundary layer theory, K∝U0.5. For small Ca, the model blades remained upright, and the flux to the blade was diminished relative to the flat-plate model. A meadow-scale analysis suggests that the mass exchange at the blade scale may control the uptake at the meadow scale.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011TRACE..13..217I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011TRACE..13..217I"><span>Control Technologies for Room <span class="hlt">Air</span>-conditioner and Packaged <span class="hlt">Air</span>-conditioner</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ito, Nobuhisa</p> <p></p> <p>Trends of control technologies about <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioning machineries, especially room or packaged <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioners, are presented in this paper. Multiple <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning systems for office buildings are mainly described as one application of the refrigeration cycle control technologies including sensors for thermal comfort and heating/ cooling loads are also described as one of the system control technologies. Inverter systems and related technologies for driving variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> compressors are described in both case of including induction motors and brushless DC motors. Technologies for more accurate control to meet various kind of regulations such as ozone layer destruction, energy saving and global warming, and for eliminating harmonic distortion of power source <span class="hlt">current</span>, as a typical EMC problem, will be urgently desired.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11519799','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11519799"><span>Preparative isolation and purification of astaxanthin from the microalga Chlorococcum sp. by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, H B; Chen, F</p> <p>2001-08-03</p> <p>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography was applied to the isolation and purification of astaxanthin from microalgae. The crude astaxanthin was obtained by extraction with organic solvents after the astaxanthin esters were saponified. Preparative high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (5:5:6.5:3, v/v) was successfully performed yielding astaxanthin at 97% purity from 250 mg of the crude extract in a one-step separation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf"><span>46 CFR 35.35-45 - Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL. 35.35... Cargo Handling § 35.35-45 Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric current—B/ALL. When discharging cargo from one or more barges, the towing vessel may furnish steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span> for pumps on barges...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf"><span>46 CFR 35.35-45 - Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL. 35.35... Cargo Handling § 35.35-45 Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric current—B/ALL. When discharging cargo from one or more barges, the towing vessel may furnish steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span> for pumps on barges...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf"><span>46 CFR 35.35-45 - Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL. 35.35... Cargo Handling § 35.35-45 Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric current—B/ALL. When discharging cargo from one or more barges, the towing vessel may furnish steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span> for pumps on barges...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf"><span>46 CFR 35.35-45 - Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL. 35.35... Cargo Handling § 35.35-45 Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric current—B/ALL. When discharging cargo from one or more barges, the towing vessel may furnish steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span> for pumps on barges...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol1-sec35-35-45.pdf"><span>46 CFR 35.35-45 - Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span>-B/ALL. 35.35... Cargo Handling § 35.35-45 Auxiliary steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric current—B/ALL. When discharging cargo from one or more barges, the towing vessel may furnish steam, <span class="hlt">air</span>, or electric <span class="hlt">current</span> for pumps on barges...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ESSDD...8..649B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ESSDD...8..649B"><span>High-resolution daily gridded datasets of <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> for Europe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brinckmann, S.; Krähenmann, S.; Bissolli, P.</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>New high-resolution datasets for near surface daily <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature (minimum, maximum and mean) and daily mean wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> for Europe (the CORDEX domain) are provided for the period 2001-2010 for the purpose of regional model validation in the framework of DecReg, a sub-project of the German MiKlip project, which aims to develop decadal climate predictions. The main input data sources are hourly SYNOP observations, partly supplemented by station data from the ECA&D dataset (http://www.ecad.eu). These data are quality tested to eliminate erroneous data and various kinds of inhomogeneities. Grids in a resolution of 0.044° (5 km) are derived by spatial interpolation of these station data into the CORDEX area. For temperature interpolation a modified version of a regression kriging method developed by Krähenmann et al. (2011) is used. At first, predictor fields of altitude, continentality and zonal mean temperature are chosen for a regression applied to monthly station data. The residuals of the monthly regression and the deviations of the daily data from the monthly averages are interpolated using simple kriging in a second and third step. For wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> a new method based on the concept used for temperature was developed, involving predictor fields of exposure, roughness length, coastal distance and ERA Interim reanalysis wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> at 850 hPa. Interpolation uncertainty is estimated by means of the kriging variance and regression uncertainties. Furthermore, to assess the quality of the final daily grid data, cross validation is performed. Explained variance ranges from 70 to 90 % for monthly temperature and from 50 to 60 % for monthly wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The resulting RMSE for the final daily grid data amounts to 1-2 °C and 1-1.5 m s-1 (depending on season and parameter) for daily temperature parameters and daily mean wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, respectively. The datasets presented in this article are published at http://dx.doi.org/10.5676/DWD_CDC/DECREG0110v1.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..348a2021M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..348a2021M"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">current</span> and <span class="hlt">speed</span> on porosity in autogenous Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding of aluminum alloys A1100 butt joint</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Milyardi, Indra; Sunar Baskoro, Ario</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Autogenous Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding has been conducted on aluminum alloy A1100. The purpose of this research is to determine the proper <span class="hlt">current</span> and <span class="hlt">speed</span> of autogenous TIG welding with butt joint pattern. Variations on welding <span class="hlt">current</span> are 150 A, 155 A, and 160 A with the variations on welding <span class="hlt">speed</span> are 1 mm/seconds, 1.1 mm/seconds, 1.2 mm/seconds. The welded results were tested using non-destructive test (NDT) method using X-Ray radiography. After the test, it is found that the appropriate <span class="hlt">current</span> for the best result without porosity can be achieved using the welding parameter of welding <span class="hlt">current</span> of 160 A and the welding <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 1.1 mm seconds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18468763','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18468763"><span>Vibration characteristics of dental high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> turbines and <span class="hlt">speed</span>-increasing handpieces.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Poole, Ruth L; Lea, Simon C; Dyson, John E; Shortall, Adrian C C; Walmsley, A Damien</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>Vibrations of dental handpieces may contribute to symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome in dental personnel and iatrogenic enamel cracking in teeth. However, methods for measuring dental handpiece vibrations have previously been limited and information about vibration characteristics is sparse. This preliminary study aimed to use a novel approach to assess the vibrations of unloaded high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> handpieces in vitro. Maximum vibration displacement amplitudes of five <span class="hlt">air</span> turbines and two <span class="hlt">speed</span>-increasing handpieces were recorded whilst they were operated with and without a rotary cutting instrument (RCI) using a scanning laser vibrometer (SLV). RCI rotation <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, calculated from frequency peaks, were consistent with expected values. ANOVA statistical analysis indicated significant differences in vibrations between handpiece models (p<0.01), although post hoc tests revealed that differences between most individual models were not significant (p>0.11). Operating handpieces with a RCI resulted in greater vibrations than with no RCI (p<0.01). Points on the head of the handpiece showed greater vibration displacement amplitudes than points along the body (p<0.01). Although no single measurement exceeded 4 microm for the handpieces in the <span class="hlt">current</span> test setup (implying that these vibrations may be unlikely to cause adverse effects), this study has formed the basis for future work which will include handpiece vibration measurements whilst cutting under clinically representative loads.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000115878&hterms=air+measurement&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bmeasurement','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000115878&hterms=air+measurement&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bmeasurement"><span>Optical Measurement of the <span class="hlt">Speed</span> of Sound in <span class="hlt">Air</span> Over the Temperature Range 300-650 K</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hart, Roger C.; Balla, R. Jeffrey; Herring, G. C.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Using laser-induced thermal acoustics (LITA), the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in room <span class="hlt">air</span> (1 atm) is measured over the temperature range 300-650 K. Since the LITA apparatus maintains a fixed sound wavelength as temperature is varied, this temperature range simultaneously corresponds to a sound frequency range of 10-15 MHz. The data are compared to a published model and typically agree within 0.1%-0.4% at each of 21 temperatures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3915500','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3915500"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> <span class="hlt">Current</span> dq PI Controller for Vector Controlled PMSM Drive</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Reaz, Mamun Bin Ibne; Rahman, Labonnah Farzana; Chang, Tae Gyu</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">current</span> controller for vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is presented. The controller is developed based on modular design for faster calculation and uses fixed-point proportional-integral (PI) method for improved accuracy. <span class="hlt">Current</span> dq controller is usually implemented in digital signal processor (DSP) based computer. However, DSP based solutions are reaching their physical limits, which are few microseconds. Besides, digital solutions suffer from high implementation cost. In this research, the overall controller is realizing in field programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA implementation of the overall controlling algorithm will certainly trim down the execution time significantly to guarantee the steadiness of the motor. Agilent 16821A Logic Analyzer is employed to validate the result of the implemented design in FPGA. Experimental results indicate that the proposed <span class="hlt">current</span> dq PI controller needs only 50 ns of execution time in 40 MHz clock, which is the lowest computational cycle for the era. PMID:24574913</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..12213356V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..12213356V"><span>Striking Distance Determined From High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Videos and Measured <span class="hlt">Currents</span> in Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Visacro, Silverio; Guimaraes, Miguel; Murta Vale, Maria Helena</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>First and subsequent return strokes' striking distances (SDs) were determined for negative cloud-to-ground flashes from high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> videos exhibiting the development of positive and negative leaders and the pre-return stroke phase of <span class="hlt">currents</span> measured along a short tower. In order to improve the results, a new criterion was used for the initiation and propagation of the sustained upward connecting leader, consisting of a 4 A continuous <span class="hlt">current</span> threshold. An advanced approach developed from the combined use of this criterion and a reverse propagation procedure, which considers the calculated propagation <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of the leaders, was applied and revealed that SDs determined solely from the first video frame showing the upward leader can be significantly underestimated. An original approach was proposed for a rough estimate of first strokes' SD using solely records of <span class="hlt">current</span>. This approach combines the 4 A criterion and a representative composite three-dimensional propagation <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 0.34 × 106 m/s for the leaders in the last 300 m propagated distance. SDs determined under this approach showed to be consistent with those of the advanced procedure. This approach was applied to determine the SD of 17 first return strokes of negative flashes measured at MCS, covering a wide peak-<span class="hlt">current</span> range, from 18 to 153 kA. The estimated SDs exhibit very high dispersion and reveal great differences in relation to the SDs estimated for subsequent return strokes and strokes in triggered lightning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V51F3086M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V51F3086M"><span>What's All the Talc About? <span class="hlt">Air</span> Entrainment in Dilute Pyroclastic Density <span class="hlt">Currents</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marshall, B. J.; Andrews, B. J.; Fauria, K.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>A quantitative understanding of <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment is critical to predicting the behaviors of dilute Pyroclastic Density <span class="hlt">Currents</span> (PDCs), including runout distance, liftoff, and mass fractionation into co-PDC plumes. We performed experiments in an 8.5x6x2.6 meter tank using 20 micron talc powder over a range of conditions to describe <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment as a function of temperature, duration and mass flux. The experiments are reproducible and are scaled with respect to the densimetric and thermal Richardson numbers (Ri and RiT), Froude number, thermal to kinetic energy density ratio (TEb/KE), Stokes number, and Settling number, such that they are dynamically similar to natural dilute PDCs. Experiments are illuminated with a swept laser sheet and imaged at 1000 Hz to create 3D reconstructions of the <span class="hlt">currents</span>, with ~1-2 cm resolution, at up to 1.5 Hz. An array of 30 high-frequency thermocouples record the precise temperature in the <span class="hlt">currents</span> at 3 Hz. Bulk entrainment rates are calculated based on measured <span class="hlt">current</span> volumes, surface areas, temperatures and velocities. Entrainment rates vary from ~0-0.9 and do not show simple variation with TEb/KE, Ri, or RiT. Entrainment does, however, increase with decreasing eruption duration and increasing mass flux. Our results suggest that <span class="hlt">current</span> heads entrain <span class="hlt">air</span> more efficiently than <span class="hlt">current</span> bodies (>0.5 compared to ~0.1). Because shorter duration <span class="hlt">currents</span> have proportionally larger heads, their bulk entrainment rates are controlled by those heads, whereas longer duration <span class="hlt">currents</span> are dominated by their bodies. Our experiments demonstrate that <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment, which exerts a fundamental control on PDC runout and liftoff, varies spatially and temporally within PDCs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257038','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257038"><span>[Comfort of crew and passengers and atmospheric pressure, noise, wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> train of Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger dedicated line].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhai, Yi-biao; Huo, Wei; Liu, Qiao-ying; Chen, Bao-shan; Zhang, Jin-long; Shi, Lei</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>To explore the crew and passengers' comfort on the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger dedicated line and physical factors, such as <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure, noise, wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Comfort investigation of all the crew (n = 244) and passengers (n = 377) on the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger dedicated line at <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 250 km/h and 200 km/h and the detection of the <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure, noise and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> were performed in 2011. Significantly higher ratio of comfortable feeling, lower ratio of seriously discomfortable feeling were observed in crew and passengers at 200 km/h compared with those at 250 km/h (P < 0.05), as well as rapid disappearance of discomfortable feeling in crew (P < 0.05) and significantly higher ratio of lightly discomfortable feeling and lower ratios of tinnitus and eardrum discomfort induced by <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure and noise in passengers at 200 km/h. No significant difference was observed in ear discomfort induced by <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure and noise among crew, and the duration of disappearance of discomfortable feeling among passengers between 200 km/h and 250 km/h. The noise in carriages exceeded the related standard when the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> train passing through the tunnels. The individuals feel more comfortable at 200 km/h than 250 km/h in this line., which may be related with rapid variation of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and noise when the train passes through the tunnels with high <span class="hlt">speed</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985868','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985868"><span>Performance study of personal inhalable aerosol samplers at ultra-low wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sleeth, Darrah K; Vincent, James H</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>The assessment of personal inhalable aerosol samplers in a controlled laboratory setting has not previously been carried out at the ultra-low wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> conditions that represent most modern workplaces. There is <span class="hlt">currently</span> some concern about whether the existing inhalable aerosol convention is appropriate at these low wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and an alternative has been suggested. It was therefore important to assess the performance of the most common personal samplers used to collect the inhalable aerosol fraction, especially those that were designed to match the original curve. The experimental set-up involved use of a hybrid ultra-low <span class="hlt">speed</span> wind tunnel/calm <span class="hlt">air</span> chamber and a rotating, heating breathing mannequin to measure the inhalable fraction of aerosol exposure. The samplers that were tested included the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Button, and GSP inhalable samplers as well as the closed-face cassette sampler that has been (and still is) widely used by occupational hygienists in many countries. The results showed that, down to ∼0.2 m s(-1), the samplers matched the <span class="hlt">current</span> inhalability criterion relatively well but were significantly greater than this at the lowest wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> tested. Overall, there was a significant effect of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> on sampling efficiency, with lower wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> clearly associated with an increase in sampling efficiency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10153E..0NY','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10153E..0NY"><span>Application of drive circuit based on L298N in direct <span class="hlt">current</span> motor <span class="hlt">speed</span> control system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yin, Liuliu; Wang, Fang; Han, Sen; Li, Yuchen; Sun, Hao; Lu, Qingjie; Yang, Cheng; Wang, Quanzhao</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>In the experiment of researching the nanometer laser interferometer, our design of laser interferometer circuit system is up to the wireless communication technique of the 802.15.4 IEEE standard, and we use the RF TI provided by Basic to receive the data on <span class="hlt">speed</span> control system software. The system's hardware is connected with control module and the DC motor. However, in the experiment, we found that single chip microcomputer control module is very difficult to drive the DC motor directly. The reason is that the DC motor's starting and braking <span class="hlt">current</span> is larger than the causing <span class="hlt">current</span> of the single chip microcomputer control module. In order to solve this problem, we add a driving module that control board can transmit PWM wave signal through I/O port to drive the DC motor, the driving circuit board can come true the function of the DC motor's positive and reversal rotation and <span class="hlt">speed</span> adjustment. In many various driving module, the L298N module's integrated level is higher compared with other driver module. The L298N model is easy to control, it not only can control the DC motor, but also achieve motor <span class="hlt">speed</span> control by modulating PWM wave that the control panel output. It also has the over-<span class="hlt">current</span> protection function, when the motor lock, the L298N model can protect circuit and motor. So we use the driver module based on L298N to drive the DC motor. It is concluded that the L298N driver circuit module plays a very important role in the process of driving the DC motor in the DC motor <span class="hlt">speed</span> control system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AIPC.1052..151C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AIPC.1052..151C"><span>Implementation of Temperature Sequential Controller on Variable <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Drive</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cheong, Z. X.; Barsoum, N. N.</p> <p>2008-10-01</p> <p>There are many pump and motor installations with quite extensive <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation, such as Sago conveyor, heating, ventilation and <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning (HVAC) and water pumping system. A common solution for these applications is to run several fixed <span class="hlt">speed</span> motors in parallel, with flow control accomplish by turning the motors on and off. This type of control method causes high in-rush <span class="hlt">current</span>, and adds a risk of damage caused by pressure transients. This paper explains the design and implementation of a temperature <span class="hlt">speed</span> control system for use in industrial and commercial sectors. Advanced temperature <span class="hlt">speed</span> control can be achieved by using ABB ACS800 variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> drive-direct torque sequential control macro, programmable logic controller and temperature transmitter. The principle of direct torque sequential control macro (DTC-SC) is based on the control of torque and flux utilizing the stator flux field orientation over seven preset constant <span class="hlt">speed</span>. As a result of continuous comparison of ambient temperature to the references temperatures; electromagnetic torque response is particularly fast to the motor state and it is able maintain constant <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Experimental tests have been carried out by using ABB ACS800-U1-0003-2, to validate the effectiveness and dynamic respond of ABB ACS800 against temperature variation, loads, and mechanical shocks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549664','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549664"><span>Separation and purification of hydrolyzable tannin from Geranium wilfordii Maxim by reversed-phase and normal-phase high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Dan; Su, Zhiguo; Wang, Changhai; Gu, Ming; Xing, Siliang</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>Three hydrolyzable tannins, geraniin, corilagin and gallic acid, main active components of Geranium wilfordii Maxim, have been separated and purified in one-step by both reversed-phase and normal-phase high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography. Gallic acid, corilagin and geraniin were purified from 70% aqueous acetone extract of G. wilfordii Maxim with solvent system n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-acetic acid-water (1:10:0.2:0.2:20) by reversed-phase high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography at purities of 94.2, 91.0 and 91.3%, at yields of 89.3, 82.9 and 91.7%, respectively. Gallic acid, corilagin and geraniin were purified with solvent system n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-acetic acid-water (0.2:10:2:1:5) by normal-phase high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography at purities of 85.9, 92.2 and 87.6%, at yields of 87.4, 94.6 and 94.3%, respectively. It was successful for both reversed-phase and normal-phase high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography to separate high-polarity of low-molecular-weight substances.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2361370','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2361370"><span>High <span class="hlt">speed</span> cinematography of the initial break-point of latex condoms during the <span class="hlt">air</span> burst test.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stube, R; Voeller, B; Davidhazy, A</p> <p>1990-06-01</p> <p>High <span class="hlt">speed</span> cinematography of latex condoms inflated to burst under standard (ISO) conditions reveals that rupture of the condom typically is initiated at a small focal point on the shank of the condom and then rapidly propagates throughout the condom's surface, often ending with partial or full severance of the condom at its point of attachment to the <span class="hlt">air</span> burst instrument. This sequence of events is the reverse of that sometimes hypothesized to occur, where initiation of burst was considered to begin at the attachment point and to constitute a testing method artifact. This hypothesis of breakage at the attachment point, if true, would diminish the value of the <span class="hlt">air</span> burst test as a standard for assessing manufacturing quality control as well as for condom strength measurements and comparisons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990019480','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990019480"><span>Engine Technology Challenges for the High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Civil Transport Plane</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Plencner, Robert M.; Misra, Ajay; Graber, Edwin J., Jr.; Shaw, Robert J.; Seng, Gary T.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Ongoing NASA-funded and privately funded studies continue to indicate that an opportunity exists for a second generation supersonic commercial airliner, or High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Civil Transport (HSCT), to become a key part of the 21 st century international <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation system. Long distance <span class="hlt">air</span> travel is projected to be the fastest growing segment of the <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation market by the turn of the century with increases at about 5 percent per annum over the next two decades. This projection suggests that by the year 2015, more than 600,000 passengers per day will be traveling long distances, predominantly over water. These routes would provide the greatest potential for an HSCT to become a significant part of the international <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation system. The potential market for an HSCT is <span class="hlt">currently</span> projected to be anywhere from 500-1500 aircraft over the 2005-2030 time period. Such an aircraft fleet size would represent a considerable share of the potential long-range aircraft market. However, this projected HSCT fleet can become a reality only if technologies are developed which will allow an HSCT design that is (1) environmentally compatible and (2) economically viable. Simply stated, the HSCT will be a technology driven airplane. Without significant advances in airframe and propulsion technologies over the levels <span class="hlt">currently</span> available, there will be no second generation supersonic airliner! This paper will briefly describe the propulsion technology challenges which must be met prior to any product launch decision being made by industry and the progress toward meeting these challenges through NASAs High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Research (HSR) Program, a partnership between NASA and Boeing, General Electric and Pratt & Whitney.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ExFl...51..657S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ExFl...51..657S"><span>Simultaneous particle image velocimetry and chemiluminescence visualization of millisecond-pulsed <span class="hlt">current</span>-voltage-induced perturbations of a premixed propane/<span class="hlt">air</span> flame</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Jacob; Kostka, Stanislav; Lynch, Amy; Ganguly, Biswa</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>The effects of millisecond-wide, pulsed <span class="hlt">current</span>-voltage-induced behavior in premixed laminar flames have been investigated through the simultaneous collection of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and chemiluminescence data with particular attention paid to the onset mechanisms. Disturbances caused by applied voltages of 2 kV over a 30-mm gap to a downward propagating, atmospheric pressure, premixed propane/<span class="hlt">air</span> flame with a flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> near 2 m/s and an equivalence ratio of 1.06 are investigated. The combined PIV and chemiluminescence-based experimental data show the observed disturbance originates only in or near the cathode fall region very close to the burner base. The data also suggest that the coupling mechanism responsible for the flame disturbance behavior is fluidic in nature, developing from the radial positive chemi-ion distribution and an ion-drift <span class="hlt">current</span>-induced net body force that acts along the annular space discharge distribution in the reaction zone in or near the cathode fall. This net body force causes a reduction in flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> above these near cathodic regions causing the base of the flame to laterally spread. Also, this effect seems to produce a velocity gradient leading to the transition of a laminar flame to turbulent combustion for higher applied <span class="hlt">current</span>-voltage conditions as shown in previous work (Marcum and Ganguly in Combust Flame 143:27-36, 2005; Schmidt and Ganguly in 48th AIAA aerospace sciences meeting. Orlando, 2010).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040139916','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040139916"><span>Modeling Compressibility Effects in High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Turbulent Flows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sarkar, S.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Man has strived to make objects fly faster, first from subsonic to supersonic and then to hypersonic <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Spacecraft and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> missiles routinely fly at hypersonic Mach numbers, M greater than 5. In defense applications, aircraft reach hypersonic <span class="hlt">speeds</span> at high altitude and so may civilian aircraft in the future. Hypersonic flight, while presenting opportunities, has formidable challenges that have spurred vigorous research and development, mainly by NASA and the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force in the USA. Although NASP, the premier hypersonic concept of the eighties and early nineties, did not lead to flight demonstration, much basic research and technology development was possible. There is renewed interest in supersonic and hypersonic flight with the HyTech program of the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force and the Hyper-X program at NASA being examples of <span class="hlt">current</span> thrusts in the field. At high-subsonic to supersonic <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, fluid compressibility becomes increasingly important in the turbulent boundary layers and shear layers associated with the flow around aerospace vehicles. Changes in thermodynamic variables: density, temperature and pressure, interact strongly with the underlying vortical, turbulent flow. The ensuing changes to the flow may be qualitative such as shocks which have no incompressible counterpart, or quantitative such as the reduction of skin friction with Mach number, large heat transfer rates due to viscous heating, and the dramatic reduction of fuel/oxidant mixing at high convective Mach number. The peculiarities of compressible turbulence, so-called compressibility effects, have been reviewed by Fernholz and Finley. Predictions of aerodynamic performance in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> applications require accurate computational modeling of these "compressibility effects" on turbulence. During the course of the project we have made fundamental advances in modeling the pressure-strain correlation and developed a code to evaluate alternate turbulence models in the compressible shear layer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25184582','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25184582"><span>[<span class="hlt">Air</span> contamination in the Autonomous City of Buenos <span class="hlt">Aires</span>: the <span class="hlt">current</span> risk or future climate change, a false option].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abrutzky, Rosana; Dawidowski, Laura; Murgida, Ana; Natenzon, Claudia Eleonor</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>Based on the theoretical framework of environmental risk, this article discusses the management of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in the Autonomous City of Buenos <span class="hlt">Aires</span> in relation to <span class="hlt">current</span> and potential impacts of toxic gases and global climate change on the health of the population. Information on historical and <span class="hlt">current</span> management of the <span class="hlt">air</span> was linked to the results of the South American Emissions, Megacities and Climate research project to assess danger, exposure, vulnerability and uncertainty as the dimensions of risk. By contextualizing public policies developed in recent decades on this subject, it was possible to identify emerging configurations of risk and uncertainties as accelerators of social vulnerability. On the one hand, the fact that there is a positive correlation between mortality, changes in temperature and <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution was confirmed. On the other hand, it became clear that there is a disconnect between <span class="hlt">air</span> quality management and health care management, while limitations were found in the proposed mitigation measures relating to emissions of greenhouse gases produced by fuel, revealing uncertainties regarding their efficacy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870020068','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870020068"><span>Cost characteristics of tilt-rotor, conventional <span class="hlt">air</span> and high <span class="hlt">speed</span> rail short-haul intercity passenger service</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schoendorfer, David L.; Morlok, Edward K.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The cost analysis done to support an assessment of the potential for a small tilt-rotor aircraft to operate in short-haul intercity passenger service is described in detail. Anticipated costs of tilt-rotor <span class="hlt">air</span> service were compared to the costs of two alternatives: conventional <span class="hlt">air</span> and high <span class="hlt">speed</span> rail (HSR). Costs were developed for corridor service, varying key market characteristics including distance, passenger volumes, and minimum frequency standards. The resulting cost vs output information can then be used to compare modal costs for essentially identical service quality and passenger volume or for different service levels and volumes for each mode, as appropriate. Extensive sensitivity analyses are performed. The cost-output features of these technologies are compared. Tilt-rotor is very attractive compared to HSR in terms of costs over the entire range of volume. It also has costs not dramatically different from conventional <span class="hlt">air</span>, but tilt-rotor costs are generally higher. Thus some of its other advantages, such as the VTOL capability, must offset the cost disadvantage for it to be a preferred or competitive mode in any given market. These issues are addressed in the companion report which considers strategies for tilt-rotor development in commercial <span class="hlt">air</span> service.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Metro..54.7013M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Metro..54.7013M"><span>CCM.FF-K3.2011: Final report for the CIPM key comparison of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, 0.5 m/s to 40 m/s</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Müller, Harald; Caré, Isabelle; Lucas, Peter; Pachinger, Dietmar; Kurihara, Noboru; Lishui, Cui; Su, Chun-Min; Shinder, Iosif; Spazzini, Pier Giorgio</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The CCM.FF-K3.2011 comparison was organized for the purpose of determination of the degree of equivalence of the national standards for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> over the range 0.5 m/s to 40 m/s. An ultrasonic anemometer and a Laser Doppler anemometer were used as transfer standards. Nine laboratories from three RMOs participated between July 2013 and July 2015—EURAMET: PTB, Germany; LNE-CETIAT, France; INRIM, Italy; VSL, The Netherlands; E+E, Austria; SIM: NIST, USA; APMP: NMIJ/AIST, Japan; NIM, China; CMS/ITRI, Chinese Taipei. The measurements were provided at ambient conditions. All results of independent participants were used in the determination of the key comparison reference value (KCRV) and the uncertainty of the KCRV. The reference value was determined at each <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> separately following `procedure A' presented by M G Cox. The degree of equivalence with the KCRV was calculated for each <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> and laboratory. Almost all reported results were consistent with the KCRV. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA516844','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA516844"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> & Space Power Journal. Volume 19, Number 3, Fall 2005</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2005-09-01</p> <p>5 Lt Gen Luís Evangelista Esteves de Araújo, Portuguese <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Origins of the Royal...ESTEVES DE ARAÚJO, PORTUGUESE <span class="hlt">AIR</span> FORCE DEVELOPING A VISION of the future in a time marked by asymmetries and discontinuities calls for circum-spection...especially to properly per- ceive the constant changes taking place around us and the <span class="hlt">speed</span> with which they unfold. De - spite the <span class="hlt">current</span> environment</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAP...113b3305D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAP...113b3305D"><span>Direct <span class="hlt">current</span> plasma jet at atmospheric pressure operating in nitrogen and <span class="hlt">air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deng, X. L.; Nikiforov, A. Yu.; Vanraes, P.; Leys, Ch.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>An atmospheric pressure direct <span class="hlt">current</span> (DC) plasma jet is investigated in N2 and dry <span class="hlt">air</span> in terms of plasma properties and generation of active species in the active zone and the afterglow. The influence of working gases and the discharge <span class="hlt">current</span> on plasma parameters and afterglow properties are studied. The electrical diagnostics show that discharge can be sustained in two different operating modes, depending on the <span class="hlt">current</span> range: a self-pulsing regime at low <span class="hlt">current</span> and a glow regime at high <span class="hlt">current</span>. The gas temperature and the N2 vibrational temperature in the active zone of the jet and in the afterglow are determined by means of emission spectroscopy, based on fitting spectra of N2 second positive system (C3Π-B3Π) and the Boltzmann plot method, respectively. The spectra and temperature differences between the N2 and the <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma jet are presented and analyzed. Space-resolved ozone and nitric oxide density measurements are carried out in the afterglow of the jet. The density of ozone, which is formed in the afterglow of nitrogen plasma jet, is quantitatively detected by an ozone monitor. The density of nitric oxide, which is generated only in the <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma jet, is determined by means of mass-spectroscopy techniques.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=MSFC-9807314&hterms=Science+rockets&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DScience%2Brockets','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=MSFC-9807314&hterms=Science+rockets&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DScience%2Brockets"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span>-Breathing Rocket Engine Test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>This photograph depicts an <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing rocket engine that completed an hour or 3,600 seconds of testing at the General Applied Sciences Laboratory in Ronkonkoma, New York. Referred to as ARGO by its design team, the engine is named after the mythological Greek ship that bore Jason and the Argonauts on their epic voyage of discovery. <span class="hlt">Air</span>-breathing engines, known as rocket based, combined-cycle engines, get their initial take-off power from specially designed rockets, called <span class="hlt">air</span>-augmented rockets, that boost performance about 15 percent over conventional rockets. When the vehicle's velocity reaches twice the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound, the rockets are turned off and the engine relies totally on oxygen in the atmosphere to burn hydrogen fuel, as opposed to a rocket that must carry its own oxygen, thus reducing weight and flight costs. Once the vehicle has accelerated to about 10 times the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound, the engine converts to a conventional rocket-powered system to propel the craft into orbit or sustain it to suborbital flight <span class="hlt">speed</span>. NASA's Advanced SpaceTransportation Program at Marshall Space Flight Center, along with several industry partners and collegiate forces, is developing this technology to make space transportation affordable for everyone from business travelers to tourists. The goal is to reduce launch costs from today's price tag of $10,000 per pound to only hundreds of dollars per pound. NASA's series of hypersonic flight demonstrators <span class="hlt">currently</span> include three <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing vehicles: the X-43A, X-43B and X-43C.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPA....8c5016X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPA....8c5016X"><span>Supercavitating flow around high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> underwater projectile near free surface induced by <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Chang; Huang, Jian; Wang, Yiwei; Wu, Xiaocui; Huang, Chenguang; Wu, Xianqian</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Cavitating flow near free surface is a complicated issue and may provide new inspiration on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> surface cruising. This study observes stable supercavitating flow as a new phenomenon in a launch experiment of axisymmetric projectile when the upper side of the projectile coincides with the free surface. A numerical approach is established using large eddy-simulation and volume-of-fluid methods, and good agreements are achieved between numerical and experimental results. Supercavity formation mechanism is revealed by analyzing the experiment photographs and the iso-surface of 90% water volume fraction in numerical results. The entrainment of a large amount of <span class="hlt">air</span> into the cavity can cause the pressure inside the cavity to similarly increase with the pressure outside the cavity, which makes the actual cavitation number close to zero and is similar to supercavitation. Cases with various headforms of the projectile and cavitation numbers on the cavitating flow, as well as the drag reduction effects are further examined. Results indicate that the present strategy near the free surface could possibly be a new effective approach for high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cruising after vigorous design optimization in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070030973&hterms=Free+movies&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DFree%2Bmovies','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070030973&hterms=Free+movies&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DFree%2Bmovies"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Schlieren Movies of Decelerators at Supersonic <span class="hlt">Speeds</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1960-01-01</p> <p>Tests were conducted on several types of porous parachutes, a paraglider, and a simulated retrorocket. Mach numbers ranged from 1.8-3.0, porosity from 20-80 percent, and camera <span class="hlt">speeds</span> from 1680-3000 feet per second (fps) in trials with porous parachutes. Trials of reefed parachutes were conducted at Mach number 2.0 and reefing of 12-33 percent at camera <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of 600 fps. A flexible parachute with an inflatable ring in the periphery of the canopy was tested at Reynolds number 750,000 per foot, Mach number 2.85, porosity of 28 percent, and camera <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 36oo fps. A vortex-ring parachute was tested at Mach number 2.2 and camera <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 3000 fps. The paraglider, with a sweepback of 45 degrees at an angle of attack of 45 degrees was tested at Mach number 2.65, drag coefficient of 0.200, and lift coefficient of 0.278 at a camera <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 600 fps. A cold <span class="hlt">air</span> jet exhausting upstream from the center of a bluff body was used to simulate a retrorocket. The free-stream Mach number was 2.0, free-stream dynamic pressure was 620 lb/sq ft, jet-exit static pressure ratio was 10.9, and camera <span class="hlt">speed</span> was 600 fps.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374588','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374588"><span>Preparative separation of grape skin polyphenols by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, Lanxin; Cui, Yan; Zhang, Shuting; Li, Lingxi; Li, Yuanyuan; Zhou, Peiyu; Sun, Baoshan</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>To develop an efficient method for large preparation of various individual polyphenols from white grape skins (Fernão Pires; Vitis vinifera) by preparative high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) and preparative-HPLC, an optimized preparative HSCCC condition with two-phase solvent system composed of Hex-EtOAc-H2O (1:50:50, v/v) was used to separate grape skin polyphenols into various fractions. Both the tail-head and head-tail elution modes were used with a flow rate of 3.0ml/min and a rotary <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 950rpm. Afterwards, a preparative-HPLC separation was applied to isolate individual polyphenols in each of the fractions from HSCCC. Total of 7 fractions (Fraction A to G) were obtained from grape skin extract by HSCCC. After preparative-HPLC isolation, fifteen individual compounds were obtained, most of which presented high yields and purity (all over 90%). The HSCCC method followed with preparative-HPLC appeared to be convenient and economical, constituting an efficient strategy for the isolation of grape skin polyphenols. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18576019','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18576019"><span>Improvement of oxygen transfer coefficient during Penicillium canescens culture. Influence of turbine design, agitation <span class="hlt">speed</span>, and <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rate on xylanase production.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gaspar, A; Strodiot, L; Thonart, P</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>To improve xylanase productivity from Penicillium canescens 10-10c culture, an optimization of oxygen supply is required. Because the strain is sensitive to shear forces, leading to lower xylanase productivity as to morphological alteration, vigorous mixing is not desired. The influence of turbine design, agitation <span class="hlt">speed</span>, and <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rate on K1a (global mass transfer coefficient, h(-1)) and enzyme production is discussed. K1a values increased with agitation <span class="hlt">speed</span> and <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rate, whatever the impeller, in our assay conditions. Agitation had more influence on K1a values than <span class="hlt">air</span> flow, when a disk-mounted blade's impeller (DT) is used; an opposite result was obtained with a hub-mounted pitched blade's impeller (PBT). Xylanase production appeared as a function of specific power (W/m3), and an optimum was found in 20 and 100 L STRs fitted with DT impellers. On the other hand, the use of a hub-mounted pitched blade impeller (PBT8), instead of a disk-mounted blade impeller (DT4), reduced the lag time of hemicellulase production and increased xylanase productivity 1.3-fold.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930081279','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930081279"><span>Procedure for Determining <span class="hlt">Speed</span> and Climbing Performance of Airships</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Thompson, F L</p> <p>1936-01-01</p> <p>The procedure for obtaining <span class="hlt">air-speed</span> and rate-of-climb measurements in performance tests of airships is described. Two methods of obtaining <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements, one by means of instruments in the airship and the other by flight over a measured ground course, are explained. Instruments, their calibrations, necessary correction factors, observations, and calculations are detailed for each method, and also for the rate-of-climb tests. A method of correction for the effect on density of moist <span class="hlt">air</span> and a description of other methods of <span class="hlt">speed</span> course testing are appended.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790005877','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790005877"><span>Cargo Logistics Airlift Systems Study (CLASS). Volume 1: Analysis of <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> cargo system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Burby, R. J.; Kuhlman, W. H.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>The material presented in this volume is classified into the following sections; (1) analysis of <span class="hlt">current</span> routes; (2) <span class="hlt">air</span> eligibility criteria; (3) <span class="hlt">current</span> direct support infrastructure; (4) comparative mode analysis; (5) political and economic factors; and (6) future potential market areas. An effort was made to keep the observations and findings relating to the <span class="hlt">current</span> systems as objective as possible in order not to bias the analysis of future <span class="hlt">air</span> cargo operations reported in Volume 3 of the CLASS final report.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PSST...24f5020L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PSST...24f5020L"><span>A uniform laminar <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma plume with large volume excited by an alternating <span class="hlt">current</span> voltage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Xuechen; Bao, Wenting; Chu, Jingdi; Zhang, Panpan; Jia, Pengying</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Using a plasma jet composed of two needle electrodes, a laminar plasma plume with large volume is generated in <span class="hlt">air</span> through an alternating <span class="hlt">current</span> voltage excitation. Based on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> photography, a train of filaments is observed to propagate periodically away from their birth place along the gas flow. The laminar plume is in fact a temporal superposition of the arched filament train. The filament consists of a negative glow near the real time cathode, a positive column near the real time anode, and a Faraday dark space between them. It has been found that the propagation velocity of the filament increases with increasing the gas flow rate. Furthermore, the filament lifetime tends to follow a normal distribution (Gaussian distribution). The most probable lifetime decreases with increasing the gas flow rate or decreasing the averaged peak voltage. Results also indicate that the real time peak <span class="hlt">current</span> decreases and the real time peak voltage increases with the propagation of the filament along the gas flow. The voltage-<span class="hlt">current</span> curve indicates that, in every discharge cycle, the filament evolves from a Townsend discharge to a glow one and then the discharge quenches. Characteristic regions including a negative glow, a Faraday dark space, and a positive column can be discerned from the discharge filament. Furthermore, the plasma parameters such as the electron density, the vibrational temperature and the gas temperature are investigated based on the optical spectrum emitted from the laminar plume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1717c0019S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1717c0019S"><span>Simulation of effects of direction and <span class="hlt">air</span> flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> on temperature distribution in the room covered by various roof materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sukanto, H.; Budiana, E. P.; Putra, B. H. H.</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>The objective of this research is to get a comparison of the distribution of the room temperature by using three materials, namely plastic-rubber composite, clay, and asbestos. The simulation used Ansys Fluent to get the temperature distribution. There were two conditions in this simulations, first the <span class="hlt">air</span> passing beside the room and second the <span class="hlt">air</span> passing in front of the room. Each condition will be varied with the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s for each material used. There are three heat transfers in this simulation, namely radiation, convection, and conduction. Based on the ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, the results of the simulation showed that the best temperature distribution was the roof of plastic-rubber composites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5120407','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5120407"><span>Chemical kinetic model uncertainty minimization through laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Park, Okjoo; Veloo, Peter S.; Sheen, David A.; Tao, Yujie; Egolfopoulos, Fokion N.; Wang, Hai</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements were carried for mixture of <span class="hlt">air</span> with eight C3-4 hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso-butene, n-butane, and iso-butane) at the room temperature and ambient pressure. Along with C1-2 hydrocarbon data reported in a recent study, the entire dataset was used to demonstrate how laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> data can be utilized to explore and minimize the uncertainties in a reaction model for foundation fuels. The USC Mech II kinetic model was chosen as a case study. The method of uncertainty minimization using polynomial chaos expansions (MUM-PCE) (D.A. Sheen and H. Wang, Combust. Flame 2011, 158, 2358–2374) was employed to constrain the model uncertainty for laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> predictions. Results demonstrate that a reaction model constrained only by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> values of methane/<span class="hlt">air</span> flames notably reduces the uncertainty in the predictions of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C3 and C4 alkanes, because the key chemical pathways of all of these flames are similar to each other. The uncertainty in model predictions for flames of unsaturated C3-4 hydrocarbons remain significant without considering fuel specific laminar flames <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in the constraining target data set, because the secondary rate controlling reaction steps are different from those in the saturated alkanes. It is shown that the constraints provided by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of the foundation fuels could reduce notably the uncertainties in the predictions of laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an accurate prediction of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a particular C4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture is better achieved through measurements for key molecular intermediates formed during the pyrolysis and oxidation of the parent fuel. PMID:27890938</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27890938','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27890938"><span>Chemical kinetic model uncertainty minimization through laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Park, Okjoo; Veloo, Peter S; Sheen, David A; Tao, Yujie; Egolfopoulos, Fokion N; Wang, Hai</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements were carried for mixture of <span class="hlt">air</span> with eight C 3-4 hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso -butene, n -butane, and iso -butane) at the room temperature and ambient pressure. Along with C 1-2 hydrocarbon data reported in a recent study, the entire dataset was used to demonstrate how laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> data can be utilized to explore and minimize the uncertainties in a reaction model for foundation fuels. The USC Mech II kinetic model was chosen as a case study. The method of uncertainty minimization using polynomial chaos expansions (MUM-PCE) (D.A. Sheen and H. Wang, Combust. Flame 2011, 158, 2358-2374) was employed to constrain the model uncertainty for laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> predictions. Results demonstrate that a reaction model constrained only by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> values of methane/<span class="hlt">air</span> flames notably reduces the uncertainty in the predictions of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C 3 and C 4 alkanes, because the key chemical pathways of all of these flames are similar to each other. The uncertainty in model predictions for flames of unsaturated C 3-4 hydrocarbons remain significant without considering fuel specific laminar flames <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in the constraining target data set, because the secondary rate controlling reaction steps are different from those in the saturated alkanes. It is shown that the constraints provided by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of the foundation fuels could reduce notably the uncertainties in the predictions of laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C 4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an accurate prediction of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a particular C 4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture is better achieved through measurements for key molecular intermediates formed during the pyrolysis and oxidation of the parent fuel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1408401-chemical-kinetic-model-uncertainty-minimization-through-laminar-flame-speed-measurements','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1408401-chemical-kinetic-model-uncertainty-minimization-through-laminar-flame-speed-measurements"><span>Chemical kinetic model uncertainty minimization through laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Park, Okjoo; Veloo, Peter S.; Sheen, David A.; ...</p> <p>2016-07-25</p> <p>Laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements were carried for mixture of <span class="hlt">air</span> with eight C 3-4 hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso-butene, n-butane, and iso-butane) at the room temperature and ambient pressure. Along with C 1-2 hydrocarbon data reported in a recent study, the entire dataset was used to demonstrate how laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> data can be utilized to explore and minimize the uncertainties in a reaction model for foundation fuels. The USC Mech II kinetic model was chosen as a case study. The method of uncertainty minimization using polynomial chaos expansions (MUM-PCE) (D.A. Sheen and H. Wang, Combust. Flame 2011,more » 158, 2358–2374) was employed to constrain the model uncertainty for laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> predictions. Results demonstrate that a reaction model constrained only by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> values of methane/<span class="hlt">air</span> flames notably reduces the uncertainty in the predictions of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C 3 and C 4 alkanes, because the key chemical pathways of all of these flames are similar to each other. The uncertainty in model predictions for flames of unsaturated C 3-4 hydrocarbons remain significant without considering fuel specific laminar flames <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in the constraining target data set, because the secondary rate controlling reaction steps are different from those in the saturated alkanes. It is shown that the constraints provided by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of the foundation fuels could reduce notably the uncertainties in the predictions of laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C 4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an accurate prediction of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a particular C 4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture is better achieved through measurements for key molecular intermediates formed during the pyrolysis and oxidation of the parent fuel.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1408401','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1408401"><span>Chemical kinetic model uncertainty minimization through laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Park, Okjoo; Veloo, Peter S.; Sheen, David A.</p> <p></p> <p>Laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements were carried for mixture of <span class="hlt">air</span> with eight C 3-4 hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso-butene, n-butane, and iso-butane) at the room temperature and ambient pressure. Along with C 1-2 hydrocarbon data reported in a recent study, the entire dataset was used to demonstrate how laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> data can be utilized to explore and minimize the uncertainties in a reaction model for foundation fuels. The USC Mech II kinetic model was chosen as a case study. The method of uncertainty minimization using polynomial chaos expansions (MUM-PCE) (D.A. Sheen and H. Wang, Combust. Flame 2011,more » 158, 2358–2374) was employed to constrain the model uncertainty for laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> predictions. Results demonstrate that a reaction model constrained only by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> values of methane/<span class="hlt">air</span> flames notably reduces the uncertainty in the predictions of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C 3 and C 4 alkanes, because the key chemical pathways of all of these flames are similar to each other. The uncertainty in model predictions for flames of unsaturated C 3-4 hydrocarbons remain significant without considering fuel specific laminar flames <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in the constraining target data set, because the secondary rate controlling reaction steps are different from those in the saturated alkanes. It is shown that the constraints provided by the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of the foundation fuels could reduce notably the uncertainties in the predictions of laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of C 4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an accurate prediction of the laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a particular C 4 alcohol/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture is better achieved through measurements for key molecular intermediates formed during the pyrolysis and oxidation of the parent fuel.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS31A1997S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS31A1997S"><span>Comparison of Sea-<span class="hlt">Air</span> CO2 Flux Estimates Using Satellite-Based Versus Mooring Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sutton, A. J.; Sabine, C. L.; Feely, R. A.; Wanninkhof, R. H.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The global ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2, absorbing approximately 27% of CO2 emissions since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Any variation or change in the ocean CO2 sink has implications for future climate. Observations of sea-<span class="hlt">air</span> CO2 flux have relied primarily on ship-based underway measurements of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) combined with satellite, model, or multi-platform wind products. Direct measurements of ΔpCO2 (seawater - <span class="hlt">air</span> pCO2) and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> from moored platforms now allow for high-resolution CO2 flux time series. Here we present a comparison of CO2 flux calculated from moored ΔpCO2 measured on four moorings in different biomes of the Pacific Ocean in combination with: 1) Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) winds or 2) wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements made on ocean reference moorings excluded from the CCMP dataset. Preliminary results show using CCMP winds overestimates CO2 flux on average by 5% at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory, Ocean Station Papa, WHOI Hawaii Ocean Timeseries Station, and Stratus. In general, CO2 flux seasonality follows patterns of seawater pCO2 and SST with periods of CO2 outgassing during summer and CO2 uptake during winter at these locations. Any offsets or seasonal biases in CCMP winds could impact global ocean sink estimates using this data product. Here we present patterns and trends between the two CO2 flux estimates and discuss the potential implications for tracking variability and change in global ocean CO2 uptake.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020082902','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020082902"><span>Pulse Detonation Engines for High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Flight</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Povinelli, Louis A.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Revolutionary concepts in propulsion are required in order to achieve high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cruise capability in the atmosphere and for low cost reliable systems for earth to orbit missions. One of the advanced concepts under study is the <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing pulse detonation engine. Additional work remains in order to establish the role and performance of a PDE in flight applications, either as a stand-alone device or as part of a combined cycle system. In this paper, we shall offer a few remarks on some of these remaining issues, i.e., combined cycle systems, nozzles and exhaust systems and thrust per unit frontal area limitations. <span class="hlt">Currently</span>, an intensive experimental and numerical effort is underway in order to quantify the propulsion performance characteristics of this device. In this paper, we shall highlight our recent efforts to elucidate the propulsion potential of pulse detonation engines and their possible application to high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> or hypersonic systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4643095','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4643095"><span>Impact of cercal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">currents</span> on singing motor pattern generation in the cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The cercal system of crickets detects low-frequency <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">currents</span> produced by approaching predators and self-generated <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">currents</span> during singing, which may provide sensory feedback to the singing motor network. We analyzed the effect of cercal stimulation on singing motor pattern generation to reveal the response of a singing interneuron to predator-like signals and to elucidate the possible role of self-generated <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">currents</span> during singing. In fictive singing males, we recorded an interneuron of the singing network while applying <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">currents</span> to the cerci; additionally, we analyzed the effect of abolishing the cercal system in freely singing males. In fictively singing crickets, the effect of short <span class="hlt">air</span> stimuli is either to terminate prematurely or to lengthen the interchirp interval, depending on their phase in the chirp cycle. Within our stimulation paradigm, <span class="hlt">air</span> stimuli of different velocities and durations always elicited an inhibitory postsynaptic potential in the singing interneuron. <span class="hlt">Current</span> injection in the singing interneuron elicited singing motor activity, even during the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">current</span>-evoked inhibitory input from the cercal pathway. The disruptive effects of <span class="hlt">air</span> stimuli on the fictive singing pattern and the inhibitory response of the singing interneuron point toward the cercal system being involved in initiating avoidance responses in singing crickets, according to the established role of cerci in a predator escape pathway. After abolishing the activity of the cercal system, the timing of natural singing activity was not significantly altered. Our study provides no evidence that self-generated cercal sensory activity has a feedback function for singing motor pattern generation. PMID:26334014</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20211450','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20211450"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> gun wounding and <span class="hlt">current</span> UK laws controlling <span class="hlt">air</span> weapons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bruce-Chwatt, Robert Michael</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> weapons whether rifles or pistols are, potentially, lethal weapons. The UK legislation is complex and yet little known to the public. Hunting with <span class="hlt">air</span> weapons and the laws controlling those animals that are permitted to be shot with <span class="hlt">air</span> weapons is even more labyrinthine due to the legal power limitations on the possession of <span class="hlt">air</span> weapons. Still relatively freely available by mail order or on the Internet, an increasing number of deaths have been reported from the misuse of <span class="hlt">air</span> weapons or accidental discharges. Ammunition for <span class="hlt">air</span> weapons has become increasingly sophisticated, effective and therefore increasingly dangerous if misused, though freely available being a mere projectile without a concomitant cartridge containing a propellant and an initiator.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFD.L7006F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFD.L7006F"><span>DNS study of <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in two-phase flows with phase change</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fu, Kai; Deng, Xiaolong</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Heat transfer through pipe flow is important for the safety of thermal power plants. Normally it is considered incompressible. However, in some conditions compressibility effects could deteriorate the heat transfer efficiency and even result in pipe rupture, especially when there is obvious phase change, due to the much lower sound <span class="hlt">speed</span> in liquid-gas mixture flows. Based on the stratified multiphase flow model (Chang and Liou, JCP 2007), we present a new approach to simulate the sound <span class="hlt">speed</span> in 3-D compressible two-phase dispersed flows, in which each face is divided into gas-gas, gas-liquid, and liquid-liquid parts via reconstruction by volume fraction, and fluxes are calculated correspondingly. Applying it to well-distributed <span class="hlt">air</span>-water bubbly flows, comparing with the experiment measurements in <span class="hlt">air</span> water mixture (Karplus, JASA 1957), the effects of adiabaticity, viscosity, and isothermality are examined. Under viscous and isothermal condition, the simulation results match the experimental ones very well, showing the DNS study with <span class="hlt">current</span> method is an effective way for the sound <span class="hlt">speed</span> of complex two-phase dispersed flows. Including the two-phase Riemann solver with phase change (Fechter et al., JCP 2017), more complex problems can be numerically studied.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22590838-simulation-effects-direction-air-flow-speed-temperature-distribution-room-covered-various-roof-materials','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22590838-simulation-effects-direction-air-flow-speed-temperature-distribution-room-covered-various-roof-materials"><span>Simulation of effects of direction and <span class="hlt">air</span> flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> on temperature distribution in the room covered by various roof materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sukanto, H., E-mail: masheher@uns.ac.id; Budiana, E. P., E-mail: budiana.e@gmail.com; Putra, B. H. H., E-mail: benedictus.hendy@gmail.com</p> <p></p> <p>The objective of this research is to get a comparison of the distribution of the room temperature by using three materials, namely plastic-rubber composite, clay, and asbestos. The simulation used Ansys Fluent to get the temperature distribution. There were two conditions in this simulations, first the <span class="hlt">air</span> passing beside the room and second the <span class="hlt">air</span> passing in front of the room. Each condition will be varied with the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s for each material used. There are three heat transfers in this simulation, namely radiation, convection, and conduction. Based on the ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 55-2004,more » the results of the simulation showed that the best temperature distribution was the roof of plastic-rubber composites.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH41D..04P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH41D..04P"><span>The most intense electric <span class="hlt">currents</span> in turbulent high <span class="hlt">speed</span> solar wind</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Podesta, J. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Theory and simulations suggest that dissipation of turbulent energy in collisionless astrophysical plasmas occurs most rapidly in spatial regions where the <span class="hlt">current</span> density is most intense. To advance understanding of plasma heating by turbulent dissipation in the solar corona and solar wind, it is of interest to characterize the properties of plasma regions where the <span class="hlt">current</span> density takes exceptionally large values and to identify the operative dissipation processes. In the solar wind, the curl of the magnetic field cannot be measured using data from a single spacecraft, however, a suitable proxy for this quantity can be constructed from the spatial derivative of the magnetic field along the flow direction of the plasma. This new approach is used to study the properties of the most intense <span class="hlt">current</span> carrying structures in a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> solar wind stream near 1 AU. In this study, based on 11 Hz magnetometer data from the WIND spacecraft, the spatial resolution of the proxy technique is approximately equal to the proton inertial length. Intense <span class="hlt">current</span> sheets or <span class="hlt">current</span> carrying structures were identified as events where the magnitude of the <span class="hlt">current</span> density exceeds μ+5σ, where μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the magnitude of the <span class="hlt">current</span> density (or its proxy), respectively. Statistical studies show (1) the average size of these 5σ events is close to the smallest resolvable scale in the data set, the proton inertial length; (2) the linear distance between neighboring events follows a power law distribution; and (3) the average peak <span class="hlt">current</span> density of 5σ events is around 1 pA/cm2. The analysis techniques used in these studies have been validated using simulated spacecraft data from three dimensional hybrid simulations which show that results based on the analysis of the proxy are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to results based on the analysis of the true <span class="hlt">current</span> density.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910023422','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910023422"><span>Influence of channel base <span class="hlt">current</span> and varying return stroke <span class="hlt">speed</span> on the calculated fields of three important return stroke models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Thottappillil, Rajeev; Uman, Martin A.; Diendorfer, Gerhard</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Compared here are the calculated fields of the Traveling <span class="hlt">Current</span> Source (TCS), Modified Transmission Line (MTL), and the Diendorfer-Uman (DU) models with a channel base <span class="hlt">current</span> assumed in Nucci et al. on the one hand and with the channel base <span class="hlt">current</span> assumed in Diendorfer and Uman on the other hand. The characteristics of the field wave shapes are shown to be very sensitive to the channel base <span class="hlt">current</span>, especially the field zero crossing at 100 km for the TCS and DU models, and the magnetic hump after the initial peak at close range for the TCS models. Also, the DU model is theoretically extended to include any arbitrarily varying return stroke <span class="hlt">speed</span> with height. A brief discussion is presented on the effects of an exponentially decreasing <span class="hlt">speed</span> with height on the calculated fields for the TCS, MTL, and DU models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=air+AND+transportation&pg=2&id=ED517196','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=air+AND+transportation&pg=2&id=ED517196"><span>The Arteries of Global Trade: Industrial Restructuring and Technological Change in the Transatlantic <span class="hlt">Air</span> Cargo Industry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Schwarz, Guido</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> cargo enjoys a special importance: together with maritime transport it is the backbone of global trade and is indispensable for contemporary globalization. <span class="hlt">Air</span> transport is the only mode that combines worldwide reach with high <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Nonetheless there is a dearth of geographic research that analyzes the <span class="hlt">current</span> restructuring affecting the air…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ESSD....8..491B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ESSD....8..491B"><span>High-resolution daily gridded data sets of <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> for Europe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brinckmann, Sven; Krähenmann, Stefan; Bissolli, Peter</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>New high-resolution data sets for near-surface daily <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature (minimum, maximum and mean) and daily mean wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> for Europe (the CORDEX domain) are provided for the period 2001-2010 for the purpose of regional model validation in the framework of DecReg, a sub-project of the German MiKlip project, which aims to develop decadal climate predictions. The main input data sources are SYNOP observations, partly supplemented by station data from the ECA&D data set (<a href="http://www.ecad.eu" target="_blank">http://www.ecad.eu</a>). These data are quality tested to eliminate erroneous data. By spatial interpolation of these station observations, grid data in a resolution of 0.044° (≈ 5<mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/>km) on a rotated grid with virtual North Pole at 39.25° N, 162° W are derived. For temperature interpolation a modified version of a regression kriging method developed by Krähenmann et al.(2011) is used. At first, predictor fields of altitude, continentality and zonal mean temperature are used for a regression applied to monthly station data. The residuals of the monthly regression and the deviations of the daily data from the monthly averages are interpolated using simple kriging in a second and third step. For wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> a new method based on the concept used for temperature was developed, involving predictor fields of exposure, roughness length, coastal distance and ERA-Interim reanalysis wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> at 850 hPa. Interpolation uncertainty is estimated by means of the kriging variance and regression uncertainties. Furthermore, to assess the quality of the final daily grid data, cross validation is performed. Variance explained by the regression ranges from 70 to 90 % for monthly temperature and from 50 to 60 % for monthly wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The resulting RMSE for the final daily grid data amounts to 1-2 K and 1-1.5 m<mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/>s-1 (depending on season and parameter) for daily temperature parameters</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050060926&hterms=Plot+analysis&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DPlot%2Banalysis','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050060926&hterms=Plot+analysis&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DPlot%2Banalysis"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Rainbow Schlieren Deflectometry Analysis of Helium Jets Flowing into <span class="hlt">Air</span> for Microgravity Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Leptuch, Peter A.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The flow phenomena of buoyant jets have been analyzed by many researchers in recent years. Few, however have studied jets in microgravity conditions, and the exact nature of the flow under these conditions has until recently been unknown. This study seeks to extend the work done by researchers at the university of Oklahoma in examining and documenting the behavior of helium jets in micro-gravity conditions. Quantitative rainbow schlieren deflectometry data have been obtained for helium jets discharging vertically into quiescent ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> from tubes of several diameters at various flow rates using a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> digital camera. These data have obtained before, during and after the onset of microgravity conditions. High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been developed for this study with the installation and use of a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> digital camera and modifications to the optical setup. Higher temporal resolution of the transitional phase between terrestrial and micro-gravity conditions has been obtained which has reduced the averaging effect of longer exposure times used in all previous schlieren studies. Results include color schlieren images, color time-space images (temporal evolution images), frequency analyses, contour plots of hue and contour plots of helium mole fraction. The results, which focus primarily on the periods before and during the onset of microgravity conditions, show that the pulsation of the jets normally found in terrestrial gravity ("earth"-gravity) conditions cease, and the gradients in helium diminish to produce a widening of the jet in micro-gravity conditions. In addition, the results show that the disturbance propagate upstream from a downstream source.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=faraday&pg=3&id=EJ770246','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=faraday&pg=3&id=EJ770246"><span>Exploring Faraday's Law of Electrolysis Using Zinc-<span class="hlt">Air</span> Batteries with <span class="hlt">Current</span> Regulative Diodes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kamata, Masahiro; Paku, Miei</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Current</span> regulative diodes (CRDs) are applied to develop new educational experiments on Faraday's law by using a zinc-<span class="hlt">air</span> battery (PR2330) and a resistor to discharge it. The results concluded that the combination of zinc-<span class="hlt">air</span> batteries and the CRD array is simpler, less expensive, and quantitative and gives accurate data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvF...3c4101S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvF...3c4101S"><span>Non-self-similar viscous gravity <span class="hlt">currents</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sutherland, Bruce R.; Cote, Kristen; Hong, Youn Sub Dominic; Steverango, Luke; Surma, Chris</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Lock-release experiments are performed focusing upon the evolution of near-pure glycerol flowing into fresh water. If the lock height is sufficiently tall, the <span class="hlt">current</span> is found to propagate for many lock lengths close to the <span class="hlt">speed</span> predicted for energy-conserving moderately non-Boussinesq gravity <span class="hlt">currents</span>. The <span class="hlt">current</span> then slows to a near stop as the <span class="hlt">current</span> head ceases to be elevated relative to its tail and the <span class="hlt">current</span> as a whole forms a wedge shape. By contrast, an experiment of near-pure glycerol advancing under <span class="hlt">air</span> exhibits the well-known slowing of the <span class="hlt">current</span> such that the front position increases as a one-fifth power of time. The evolution of a viscous gravity <span class="hlt">current</span> in water is also qualitatively different from that for a high-Reynolds number gravity <span class="hlt">current</span> which transitions smoothly from a constant <span class="hlt">speed</span> to self-similar to viscous regime. The reason a viscous gravity <span class="hlt">current</span> flowing under water moves initially at near-constant <span class="hlt">speed</span> is not due to a lubrication layer forming below the <span class="hlt">current</span>. Rather it is due to the return flow of water into the lock establishing a <span class="hlt">current</span> with an elevated head that is taller than the viscous boundary layer depth near the <span class="hlt">current</span> nose. The flow near the top of the head advances to the nose where it comes into contact with the tank bottom. Meanwhile the ambient fluid is pushed up and over the head rather than being drawn underneath it. The front slows rapidly to a near stop as the head height reduces to that comparable to the boundary layer depth underneath the head. The initial <span class="hlt">speed</span> and entrainment into the <span class="hlt">current</span> are shown to depend upon the ratio, Rℓ, of the starting <span class="hlt">current</span> height to the characteristic boundary layer depth. In particular, entrainment via the turbulent shear flow over the head is found to increase the volume by less than 10 % during its evolution if Rℓ≲10 but increases by as much as 100 % for high-Reynolds number gravity <span class="hlt">currents</span>. A conceptual model is developed that captures the transition</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1132351-development-variable-speed-residential-air-source-integrated-heat-pump','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1132351-development-variable-speed-residential-air-source-integrated-heat-pump"><span>Development of a Variable-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Residential <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Source Integrated Heat Pump</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rice, C Keith; Shen, Bo; Munk, Jeffrey D</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A residential <span class="hlt">air</span>-source integrated heat pump (AS-IHP) is under development in partnership with a U.S. manufacturer. A nominal 10.6 kW (3-ton) cooling capacity variable-<span class="hlt">speed</span> unit, the system provides both space conditioning and water heating. This multi-functional unit can provide domestic water heating (DWH) in either full condensing (FC) (dedicated water heating or simultaneous space cooling and water heating) or desuperheating (DS) operation modes. Laboratory test data were used to calibrate a vapor-compression simulation model for each mode of operation. The model was used to optimize the internal control options for efficiency while maintaining acceptable comfort conditions and refrigerant-side pressures andmore » temperatures within allowable operating envelopes. Annual simulations were performed with the AS-IHP installed in a well-insulated house in five U.S. climate zones. The AS-IHP is predicted to use 45 to 60% less energy than a DOE minimum efficiency baseline system while meeting total annual space conditioning and water heating loads. Water heating energy use is lowered by 60 to 75% in cold to warmer climates, respectively. Plans are to field test the unit in Knoxville, TN.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ClDy...45.1699K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ClDy...45.1699K"><span>Recent recovery of surface wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> after decadal decrease: a focus on South Korea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, JongChun; Paik, Kyungrock</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>We investigate the multi-decadal variability of observed surface wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> around South Korea. It is found that surface wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> exhibits decreasing trend from mid-1950s until 2003, which is similar with the trends reported for other parts of the world. However, the decreasing trend ceases and becomes unclear since then. It is revealed that decreasing wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> until 2003 is strongly associated with the decreasing trend of the spatial variance in both atmospheric pressure and <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature across the East Asia for the same period. On the contrary, break of decreasing trend in surface wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> since 2003 is associated with increasing spatial variance in surface temperature over the East Asia. Ground observation shows that surface wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature exhibit highly negative correlations for both summer and winter prior to 2003. However, since 2003, the correlations differ between seasons. We suggest that mechanisms behind the recent wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> trend are different between summer and winter. This is on the basis of an interesting finding that <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature has decreased while surface temperature has increased during winter months since 2003. We hypothesize that such contrasting temperature trends indicate more frequent movement of external cold <span class="hlt">air</span> mass into the region since 2003. We also hypothesize that increasing summer wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is driven by intrusion of warm <span class="hlt">air</span> mass into the region which is witnessed via increasing spatial variance in surface temperature across East Asia and the fact that both <span class="hlt">air</span> and surface temperature rise together.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019862','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019862"><span>Ethylene Trace-gas Techniques for High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> Flows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Davis, David O.; Reichert, Bruce A.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Three applications of the ethylene trace-gas technique to high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> flows are described: flow-field tracking, <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> mixing, and bleed mass-flow measurement. The technique involves injecting a non-reacting gas (ethylene) into the flow field and measuring the concentration distribution in a downstream plane. From the distributions, information about flow development, mixing, and mass-flow rates can be dtermined. The trace-gas apparatus and special considerations for use in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> flow are discussed. A description of each application, including uncertainty estimates is followed by a demonstrative example.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6303324','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6303324"><span>Maglev vehicles and superconductor technology: Integration of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> ground transportation into the <span class="hlt">air</span> travel system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Johnson, L.R.; Rote, D.M.; Hull, J.R.</p> <p>1989-04-01</p> <p>This study was undertaken to (1) evaluate the potential contribution of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) to the technical and economic feasibility of magnetically levitated (maglev) vehicles, (2) determine the status of maglev transportation research in the United States and abroad, (3) identify the likelihood of a significant transportation market for high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> maglev vehicles, and (4) provide a preliminary assessment of the potential energy and economic benefits of maglev systems. HTSCs should be considered as an enhancing, rather than an enabling, development for maglev transportation because they should improve reliability and reduce energy and maintenance costs. Superconducting maglev transportation technologies were developedmore » in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Federal support was withdrawn in 1975, but major maglev transportation programs were continued in Japan and West Germany, where full-scale prototypes now carry passengers at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of 250 mi/h in demonstration runs. Maglev systems are generally viewed as very-high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> train systems, but this study shows that the potential market for maglev technology as a train system, e.g., from one downtown to another, is limited. Rather, aircraft and maglev vehicles should be seen as complementing rather than competing transportation systems. If maglev systems were integrated into major hub airport operations, they could become economical in many relatively high-density US corridors. <span class="hlt">Air</span> traffic congestion and associated noise and pollutant emissions around airports would also be reduced. 68 refs., 26 figs., 16 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16078712','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16078712"><span>Separation of catechin constituents from five tea cultivars using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumar, N Savitri; Rajapaksha, Maheshinie</p> <p>2005-08-12</p> <p>Catechins were extracted from five different tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars. High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography was found to be an efficient method for the separation of seven catechins from the catechin extracts. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the purity of the catechins isolated. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin (EGC) of high purity (91-99%) were isolated in high yield after a single high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography run. The two-phase solvent mixtures used for the separation of the catechin extracts were hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (1:6:1:6 for TRI 2023); (1:7:1:7 for TRI 2025 and TRI 2043); (1:5:1:5 for TRI 3079) and (1:6.5:1:6.5 for TRI 4006). Fresh tea shoots from the tea cultivar TRI 2023 (150 g) gave 440 mg of 96% pure EGCG while TRI 2025 (235 g) gave 347 mg of 99% pure EGCG and 40 mg of 97% ECG, and TRI 3079 (225 g) gave 432 mg of 97% pure EGCG and 32 mg of 96% pure ECG. Tea cultivar TRI 4006 (160 g) gave EGCG (272 mg, 96% pure) and EGC (104 mg, 90% pure). 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts for catechin gallate (CG), EGC, ECG, EGCG and epigallocatechin 3,5-di-O-gallate (EGCDG) in CD3OD were also recorded.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940021652','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940021652"><span>The evolution of the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Spearman, M. Leroy</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Current</span> research directed toward the technology requirements for a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport (HSCT) airplane is an outgrowth of many years of activity related to <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation. The purpose was to review some of the events that provided the background upon which <span class="hlt">current</span> research programs are built. The review will include the subsonic era of transport aircraft and some events of the supersonic era that are related to the development of commercial supersonic transport aircraft. These events include the early NASA in-house studies and industry evaluations, the U.S. Supersonic Transport (SST) Program, the follow-on NASA supersonic cruise research programs, and the issuance of the National Aeronautical Research and Development (R&D) goals. Observations are made concerning some of the factors, both technical and nontechnical, that have had an impact on HSCT studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008LaPhy..18.1562K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008LaPhy..18.1562K"><span>Comparative histopathological analysis of human pulps after class I cavity preparation with a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>-turbine handpiece or Er:YAG laser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kina, J. F.; Benitez, P. C.; Lizarelli, R. F. Z.; Bagnato, V. S.; Martinez, T. C.; Oliveira, C. F.; Hebling, J.; Costa, C. A. S.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the response of human pulps after cavity preparation with different devices. Deep class I cavities were prepared in sound mandibular premolars using either a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>-turbine handpiece (Group 1) or an Er:YAG laser (Group 2). Following total acid etching and the application of an adhesive system, all cavities were restored with composite resin. Fifteen days after the clinical procedure, the teeth were extracted and processed for analysis under optical microscopy. In Group 1 in which the average for the remaining dentin thickness (RDT) between the cavity floor and the coronal pulp was 909.5 μm, a discrete inflammatory response occurred in only one specimen with an RDT of 214 μm. However, tissue disorganization occurred in most specimens. In Group 2 (average RDT = 935.2 μm), the discrete inflammatory pulp response was observed in only one specimen (average RDT = 413 μm). It may be concluded that the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>-turbine handpiece caused greater structural alterations in the pulp, although without inducing inflammatory processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050061038','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050061038"><span>Acoustic Source Modeling for High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span> Jets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Goldstein, Marvin E.; Khavaran, Abbas</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The far field acoustic spectra at 90deg to the downstream axis of some typical high <span class="hlt">speed</span> jets are calculated from two different forms of Lilley s equation combined with some recent measurements of the relevant turbulent source function. These measurements, which were limited to a single point in a low Mach number flow, were extended to other conditions with the aid of a highly developed RANS calculation. The results are compared with experimental data over a range of Mach numbers. Both forms of the analogy lead to predictions that are in excellent agreement with the experimental data at subsonic Mach numbers. The agreement is also fairly good at supersonic <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, but the data appears to be slightly contaminated by shock-associated noise in this case.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=153970&keyword=reactive+AND+program&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=153970&keyword=reactive+AND+program&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">AIR</span> QUALITY MODELING OF HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS: <span class="hlt">CURRENT</span> STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The paper presents a review of <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> toxics modeling applications and discusses possible advanced approaches. Many applications require the ability to predict hot spots from industrial sources or large roadways that are needed for community health and Environmental Justice...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJAP..7730803B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJAP..7730803B"><span>Negative DC corona discharge <span class="hlt">current</span> characteristics in a flowing two-phase (<span class="hlt">air</span> + suspended smoke particles) fluid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Berendt, Artur; Domaszka, Magdalena; Mizeraczyk, Jerzy</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The electrical characteristics of a steady-state negative DC corona discharge in a two-phase fluid (<span class="hlt">air</span> with suspended cigarette smoke particles) flowing along a chamber with a needle-to-plate electrode arrangement were experimentally investigated. The two-phase flow was transverse in respect to the needle-to-plate axis. The velocity of the transverse two-phase flow was limited to 0.8 m/s, typical of the electrostatic precipitators. We found that three discharge <span class="hlt">current</span> modes of the negative corona exist in the two-phase (<span class="hlt">air</span> + smoke particles) fluid: the Trichel pulses mode, the "Trichel pulses superimposed on DC component" mode and the DC component mode, similarly as in the corona discharge in <span class="hlt">air</span> (a single-phase fluid). The shape of Trichel pulses in the <span class="hlt">air</span> + suspended particles fluid is similar to that in <span class="hlt">air</span>. However, the Trichel pulse amplitudes are higher than those in "pure" <span class="hlt">air</span> while their repetition frequency is lower. As a net consequence of that the averaged corona discharge <span class="hlt">current</span> in the two-phase fluid is lower than in "pure" <span class="hlt">air</span>. It was also found that the average discharge <span class="hlt">current</span> decreases with increasing suspended particle concentration. The calculations showed that the dependence of the average negative corona <span class="hlt">current</span> (which is a macroscopic corona discharge parameter) on the particle concentration can be explained by the particle-concentration dependencies of the electric charge of Trichel pulse and the repetition frequency of Trichel pulses, both giving a microscopic insight into the electrical phenomena in the negative corona discharge. Our investigations showed also that the average corona discharge <span class="hlt">current</span> in the two-phase fluid is almost unaffected by the transverse fluid flow up to a velocity of 0.8 m/s. Contribution to the topical issue "The 15th International Symposium on High Pressure Low Temperature Plasma Chemistry (HAKONE XV)", edited by Nicolas Gherardi and Tomáš Hoder</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930094417','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930094417"><span>The temperature of unheated bodies in a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> gas stream</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Eckert, E; Weise, W</p> <p>1941-01-01</p> <p>The present report deals with temperature measurements on cylinders of 0.2 to 3 millimeters diameter in longitudinal and transverse <span class="hlt">air</span> flow at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of 100 to 300 meters per second. Within the explored test range, that is, the probable laminar boundary layer region, the temperature of the cylinders in axial flow is practically independent of the <span class="hlt">speed</span> and in good agreement with Pohlhausen's theoretical values; Whereas, in transverse flow, cylinders of certain diameter manifest a close relationship with <span class="hlt">speed</span>, the ratio of the temperature above the <span class="hlt">air</span> of the body to the adiabatic stagnation temperature decreases with rising <span class="hlt">speed</span> and then rises again from a Mach number of 0.6. The importance of this "specific temperature" of the body for heat-transfer studies at high <span class="hlt">speed</span> is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.9019B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.9019B"><span>Estimation of bubble-mediated <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO2 transfer velocities at intermediate-high wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bell, Thomas G.; Landwehr, Sebastian; Miller, Scott D.; de Bruyn, Warren J.; Callaghan, Adrian H.; Scanlon, Brian; Ward, Brian; Yang, Mingxi; Saltzman, Eric S.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Simultaneous <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea fluxes and concentration differences of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured during a summertime North Atlantic cruise in 2011. This data set reveals significant differences between the gas transfer velocities of these two gases (Δkw) over a range of wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> up to 21 m s-1. These differences occur at and above the approximate wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> threshold when waves begin breaking. Whitecap fraction (a proxy for bubbles) was also measured and has a positive relationship with Δkw, consistent with enhanced bubble-mediated transfer of the less soluble CO2 relative to that of the more soluble DMS. However, the correlation of Δkw with whitecap fraction is no stronger than with wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Models used to estimate bubble-mediated transfer from in situ whitecap fraction underpredict the observations, particularly at intermediate wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Examining the differences between gas transfer velocities of gases with different solubilities is a useful way to detect the impact of bubble-mediated exchange. More simultaneous gas transfer measurements of different solubility gases across a wide range of oceanic conditions are needed to understand the factors controlling the magnitude and scaling of bubble-mediated gas exchange.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/902086','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/902086"><span>High Technology Centrifugal Compressor for Commercial <span class="hlt">Air</span> Conditioning Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ruckes, John</p> <p>2006-04-15</p> <p>R&D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT in partnership with the State of Connecticut has been developing a high technology, oil-free, energy-efficient centrifugal compressor called CENVA for commercial <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning systems under a program funded by the US Department of Energy. The CENVA compressor applies the foil bearing technology used in all modern aircraft, civil and military, <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning systems. The CENVA compressor will enhance the efficiency of water and <span class="hlt">air</span> cooled chillers, packaged roof top units, and other <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning systems by providing an 18% reduction in energy consumption in the unit capacity range of 25 to 350 tons of refrigeration Themore » technical approach for CENVA involved the design and development of a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span>, oil-free foil gas bearing-supported two-stage centrifugal compressor, CENVA encompassed the following high technologies, which are not <span class="hlt">currently</span> utilized in commercial <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning systems: Foil gas bearings operating in HFC-134a; Efficient centrifugal impellers and diffusers; High <span class="hlt">speed</span> motors and drives; and System integration of above technologies. Extensive design, development and testing efforts were carried out. Significant accomplishments achieved under this program are: (1) A total of 26 builds and over 200 tests were successfully completed with successively improved designs; (2) Use of foil gas bearings in refrigerant R134a was successfully proven; (3) A high <span class="hlt">speed</span>, high power permanent magnet motor was developed; (4) An encoder was used for signal feedback between motor and controller. Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, the compressor could not operate at higher <span class="hlt">speed</span> and in turn at higher pressure. In order to alleviate this problem a unique sensorless controller was developed; (5) This controller has successfully been tested as stand alone; however, it has not yet been integrated and tested as a system; (6) The compressor successfully operated at water cooled condensing temperatures Due to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4541568','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4541568"><span>Visualization of High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Guo, Yuchen; Green, Sheldon</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> moving surface are described: an <span class="hlt">air</span> cannon device (for examining surface <span class="hlt">speeds</span> between 0 and 25 m/sec) and a spinning disk device (for examining surface <span class="hlt">speeds</span> between 15 and 100 m/sec). The <span class="hlt">air</span> cannon linear traverse is a pneumatic energy-powered system that is designed to accelerate a metal rail surface mounted on top of a wooden projectile. A pressurized cylinder fitted with a solenoid valve rapidly releases pressurized <span class="hlt">air</span> into the barrel, forcing the projectile down the cannon barrel. The projectile travels beneath a spray nozzle, which impinges a liquid jet onto its metal upper surface, and the projectile then hits a stopping mechanism. A camera records the jet impingement, and a pressure transducer records the spray nozzle backpressure. The spinning disk set-up consists of a steel disk that reaches <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of 500 to 3,000 rpm via a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor. A spray system similar to that of the <span class="hlt">air</span> cannon generates a liquid jet that impinges onto the spinning disc, and cameras placed at several optical access points record the jet impingement. Video recordings of jet impingement processes are recorded and examined to determine whether the outcome of impingement is splash, splatter, or deposition. The apparatuses are the first that involve the high <span class="hlt">speed</span> impingement of low-Reynolds-number liquid jets on high <span class="hlt">speed</span> moving surfaces. In addition to its rail industry applications, the described technique may be used for technical and industrial purposes such as steelmaking and may be relevant to high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> 3D printing. PMID:25938331</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25938331','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25938331"><span>Visualization of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> liquid jet impaction on a moving surface.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guo, Yuchen; Green, Sheldon</p> <p>2015-04-17</p> <p>Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> moving surface are described: an <span class="hlt">air</span> cannon device (for examining surface <span class="hlt">speeds</span> between 0 and 25 m/sec) and a spinning disk device (for examining surface <span class="hlt">speeds</span> between 15 and 100 m/sec). The <span class="hlt">air</span> cannon linear traverse is a pneumatic energy-powered system that is designed to accelerate a metal rail surface mounted on top of a wooden projectile. A pressurized cylinder fitted with a solenoid valve rapidly releases pressurized <span class="hlt">air</span> into the barrel, forcing the projectile down the cannon barrel. The projectile travels beneath a spray nozzle, which impinges a liquid jet onto its metal upper surface, and the projectile then hits a stopping mechanism. A camera records the jet impingement, and a pressure transducer records the spray nozzle backpressure. The spinning disk set-up consists of a steel disk that reaches <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of 500 to 3,000 rpm via a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor. A spray system similar to that of the <span class="hlt">air</span> cannon generates a liquid jet that impinges onto the spinning disc, and cameras placed at several optical access points record the jet impingement. Video recordings of jet impingement processes are recorded and examined to determine whether the outcome of impingement is splash, splatter, or deposition. The apparatuses are the first that involve the high <span class="hlt">speed</span> impingement of low-Reynolds-number liquid jets on high <span class="hlt">speed</span> moving surfaces. In addition to its rail industry applications, the described technique may be used for technical and industrial purposes such as steelmaking and may be relevant to high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> 3D printing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255277','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255277"><span>Satellite Observations of Imprint of Oceanic <span class="hlt">Current</span> on Wind Stress by <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Coupling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Renault, Lionel; McWilliams, James C; Masson, Sebastien</p> <p>2017-12-18</p> <p>Mesoscale eddies are present everywhere in the ocean and partly determine the mean state of the circulation and ecosystem. The <span class="hlt">current</span> feedback on the surface wind stress modulates the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea transfer of momentum by providing a sink of mesoscale eddy energy as an atmospheric source. Using nine years of satellite measurements of surface stress and geostrophic <span class="hlt">currents</span> over the global ocean, we confirm that the <span class="hlt">current</span>-induced surface stress curl is linearly related to the <span class="hlt">current</span> vorticity. The resulting coupling coefficient between <span class="hlt">current</span> and surface stress (s τ [N s m -3 ]) is heterogeneous and can be roughly expressed as a linear function of the mean surface wind. s τ expresses the sink of eddy energy induced by the <span class="hlt">current</span> feedback. This has important implications for <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interaction and implies that oceanic mean and mesoscale circulations and their effects on surface-layer ventilation and carbon uptake are better represented in oceanic models that include this feedback.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003623','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003623"><span>A Comparison of Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Data from Mechanical and Ultrasonic Anemometers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Short, D.; Wells, L.; Merceret, F.; Roeder, W. P.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>This study compared the performance of mechanical and ultrasonic anemometers at the Eastern Range (ER; Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Station on Florida's Atlantic coast) and the Western Range (WR; Vandenberg <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base on California's Pacific coast). Launch Weather Officers, forecasters, and Range Safety analysts need to understand the performance of wind sensors at the ER and WR for weather warnings, watches, advisories, special ground processing operations, launch pad exposure forecasts, user Launch Commit Criteria (LCC) forecasts and evaluations, and toxic dispersion support. The <span class="hlt">current</span> ER and WR weather tower wind instruments are being changed from the <span class="hlt">current</span> propeller-and-vane (ER) and cup-and-vane (WR) sensors to ultrasonic sensors through the Range Standardization and Automation (RSA) program. The differences between mechanical and ultrasonic techniques have been found to cause differences in the statistics of peak wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> in previous studies. The 45th Weather Squadron (45 WS) and the 30th Weather Squadron (30 WS) requested the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) to compare data between RSA and <span class="hlt">current</span> sensors to determine if there are significant differences. Approximately 3 weeks of Legacy and RSA wind data from each range were used in the study, archived during May and June 2005. The ER data spanned the full diurnal cycle, while the WR data was confined to 1000-1600 local time. The sample of 1-minute data from numerous levels on 5 different towers on each range totaled more than 500,000 minutes of data (482,979 minutes of data after quality control). The 10 towers were instrumented at several levels, ranging from 12 ft to 492 ft above ground level. The RSA sensors were collocated at the same vertical levels as the present sensors and typically within 15 ft horizontally of each another. Data from a total of 53 RSA ultrasonic sensors, collocated with present sensors were compared. The 1-minute average wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>/direction and the 1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/13777','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/13777"><span>Summary of state <span class="hlt">speed</span> laws, <span class="hlt">current</span> as of January 1, 1997</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>This summary reports the status of State statutes (or regulations) that are concerned with either <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit or <span class="hlt">speed</span> related violations as of January 1, 1997. The summary is divided into three areas: (1) Introduction; (2) Summary Tables; and (3) a ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10703118','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10703118"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> bags and ocular injuries.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stein, J D; Jaeger, E A; Jeffers, J B</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>This investigation retrospectively examined ocular injuries associated with <span class="hlt">air</span> bag deployment to gain a better appreciation of potential risk factors in motor vehicle accidents. National statistics regarding the efficacy of <span class="hlt">air</span> bags were reviewed. Review of the literature from 1991 to 1998 identified 44 articles describing 97 patients with <span class="hlt">air</span>-bag-induced ocular injuries. Variables extracted from each case were age, sex, height, position in the car, eye wear, vehicle impact <span class="hlt">speed</span>, visual acuity, and specific ocular injuries. Corneal abrasions occurred in 49% of occupants, hyphemas in 43%, vitreous or retinal hemorrhages in 25%, and retinal tears or detachments in 15%. The globe was ruptured in 10 patients. Patients involved in higher-<span class="hlt">speed</span> accidents (over 30 mph) sustained a greater percentage of vitreous or retinal hemorrhages and traumatic cataracts, while those at slower <span class="hlt">speeds</span> were more prone to retinal tears or detachments. In a subset of 14 patients with serious ocular injuries, the impact <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 11 patients was recorded at 30 mph or less. Slower <span class="hlt">speed</span> may be a risk factor for some ocular injuries. Occupant height was not a significant factor. National statistics confirm that <span class="hlt">air</span> bags reduce fatalities in motor vehicle accidents. However, children sitting in the front seat without a seat belt and infants in passenger-side rear-facing car seats are at risk for fatal injury. <span class="hlt">Air</span> bags combined with seat belts are an effective means of reducing injury and death in adults during motor vehicle accidents. However, this study has documented a wide variety of ocular injuries associated with <span class="hlt">air</span> bag deployment. It is hoped that researchers can develop modifications that continue to save lives while minimizing additional harm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/19721','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/19721"><span>Ways to estimate <span class="hlt">speeds</span> for the purposes of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality conformity analyses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">speed</span> post-processor refers to equations or lookup tables that can determine vehicle <span class="hlt">speeds</span> on a particular roadway link using only the limited information available in a long-range planning model. An estimated link <span class="hlt">speed</span> is usually based on volume...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..301a2147D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..301a2147D"><span>Comparison of the Standard of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Leakage in <span class="hlt">Current</span> Metal Duct Systems in the World</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Di, Yuhui; Wang, Jiqian; Feng, Lu; Li, Xingwu; Hu, Chunlin; Shi, Junshe; Xu, Qingsong; Qiao, Leilei</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Based on the requirements of <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage of metal ducts in Chinese design standards, technical measures and construction standards, this paper compares the development history, the classification of <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure levels and the <span class="hlt">air</span> tightness levels of <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage standards of <span class="hlt">current</span> Chinese and international metal ducts, sums up the differences, finds shortage by investigating the design and construction status and access to information, and makes recommendations, hoping to help the majority of engineering and technical personnel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JKPS...67..975L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JKPS...67..975L"><span>Thermal analysis and temperature characteristics of a braking resistor for high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains for changes in the braking <span class="hlt">current</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Dae-Dong; Kang, Hyun-Il; Shim, Jae-Myung</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>Electric brake systems are used in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains to brake trains by converting the kinetic energy of a railway vehicle to electric energy. The electric brake system consists of a regenerative braking system and a dynamic braking system. When the electric energy generated during the dynamic braking process is changed to heat through the braking resistor, the braking resistor can overheat; thus, failures can occur to the motor block. In this paper, a braking resistor for a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> train was used to perform thermal analyses and tests, and the results were analyzed. The analyzed data were used to estimate the dependence of the brake <span class="hlt">currents</span> and the temperature rises on <span class="hlt">speed</span> changes up to 300 km/h, at which a test could not be performed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MeScT..27e4002A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MeScT..27e4002A"><span>1.5 μm lidar anemometer for true <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, angle of sideslip, and angle of attack measurements on-board Piaggio P180 aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Augere, B.; Besson, B.; Fleury, D.; Goular, D.; Planchat, C.; Valla, M.</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Lidar (light detection and ranging) is a well-established measurement method for the prediction of atmospheric motions through velocity measurements. Recent advances in 1.5 μm Lidars show that the technology is mature, offers great ease of use, and is reliable and compact. A 1.5 μm airborne Lidar appears to be a good candidate for airborne in-flight measurement systems. It allows measurements remotely, outside aircraft aerodynamic disturbance, and absolute <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> (no need for calibration) with great precision in all aircraft flight domains. In the framework of the EU AIM2 project, the ONERA task has consisted of developing and testing a 1.5 μm anemometer sensor for in-flight airspeed measurements. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that the 1.5 μm Lidar sensor can increase the quality of the data acquisition procedure for aircraft flight test certification. This article presents the 1.5 μm anemometer sensor dedicated to in-flight airspeed measurements and describes the flight tests performed successfully on-board the Piaggio P180 aircraft. Lidar <span class="hlt">air</span> data have been graphically compared to the <span class="hlt">air</span> data provided by the aircraft flight test instrumentation (FTI) in the reference frame of the Lidar sensor head. Very good agreement of true <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> (TAS) by a fraction of ms-1, angle of sideslip (AOS), and angle of attack (AOA) by a fraction of degree were observed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981IJBm...25..309P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981IJBm...25..309P"><span>Electroculture for crop enhancement by <span class="hlt">air</span> anions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pohl, H. A.; Todd, G. W.</p> <p>1981-12-01</p> <p>Electroculture, the practice of applying strong electric fields or other sources of small <span class="hlt">air</span> ions to growing plants, has potential to markedly increase crop production and to <span class="hlt">speed</span> crop growth. The considerable evidence for its effectiveness, and the studies of the mechanisms for its actions are discussed. A mild <span class="hlt">current</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> anions (4 pA/cm2) stimulates bean crop growth and also earlier blossoming and increased growth in the annual, Exacum affine (Persian violet), as well as in seedling geraniums. The present results would indicate that the growing period required until the plants reach a saleable stage of maturity can be shortened by about two weeks under greenhouse conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3620758','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3620758"><span>Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia in Association with <span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution at Levels below <span class="hlt">Current</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Guidelines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jakobsson, Kristina; Tinnerberg, Håkan; Rignell-Hydbom, Anna; Rylander, Lars</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background: Several studies have estimated associations between <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and birth outcomes, but few have evaluated potential effects on pregnancy complications. Objective: We investigated whether low-level exposure to <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution is associated with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Methods: High-quality registry information on 81,110 singleton pregnancy outcomes in southern Sweden during 1999–2005 was linked to individual-level exposure estimates with high spatial resolution. Modeled exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx), expressed as mean concentrations per trimester, and proximity to roads of different traffic densities were used as proxy indicators of exposure to combustion-related <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution. The data were analyzed by logistic regression, with and without adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes increased with each NOx quartile, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.41, 2.03) for the highest (> 22.7 µg/m3) compared with the lowest quartile (2.5–8.9 µg/m3) of exposure during the second trimester. The adjusted OR for acquiring preeclampsia after exposure during the third trimester was 1.51 (1.32, 1.73) in the highest quartile of NOx compared with the lowest. Both outcomes were associated with high traffic density, but ORs were significant for gestational diabetes only. Conclusion: NOx exposure during pregnancy was associated with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia in an area with <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution levels below <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> quality guidelines. PMID:23563048</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991STIN...9128652B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991STIN...9128652B"><span>Development of a <span class="hlt">current</span> collection loss management system for SDI homopolar power supplies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brown, D. W.</p> <p>1991-04-01</p> <p>High <span class="hlt">speed</span>, high power density <span class="hlt">current</span> collection systems have been identified as an enabling technology required to construct homopolar power supplies to meet SDI missions. This work is part of a three-year effort directed towards the analysis, experimental verification, and prototype construction of a <span class="hlt">current</span> collection system designed to operate continuously at 2 kA/sq cm, at a rubbing <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 200 m/s, and with acceptable losses in a space environment. To date, no system has achieved these conditions simultaneously. This is the final report covering the three year period of performance on DOE contract AC03-86SF-16518. Major areas covered include design, construction and operation of a cryogenically cooled brush test rig, design and construction of a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> brush test rig, optimization study for homopolar machines, loss analysis of the <span class="hlt">current</span> collection system, and an application study which defines the <span class="hlt">air</span>-core homopolar construction necessary to achieve the goal of 80 kW/kg generator power density.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050241728','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050241728"><span>Calibration Tunnel for High <span class="hlt">Speed</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pretsch, J.</p> <p>1946-01-01</p> <p>For the nvestigation of measuring instruments at higher <span class="hlt">speeds</span> up to a Mach number 0.7 a tunnel with closed test section was built in 1942 which was as simple and cheap as possble. The blower was a radial blower with straight sheet vanes of 800-millimeter diameter the tips of which were bent backward a little. The blower sucks the <span class="hlt">air</span> through a honeycomb of diameter 1.2 neter with wide meshes. The <span class="hlt">air</span> is then accelerated in a short cone with smooth transition to the test section. The cylindrical test section of 200-milimeter diameter has two windows (which are displaced 180 deg from each other. The instruments may be introduced and observed through and observed through these windows. . The cross section is then enlarged by a straight diffuser 3.5 meters long and reaches the ninefold cross section. The <span class="hlt">air</span> flows back into the room through a disk diffuser of 2-meter diameter. The maximum <span class="hlt">speed</span> in the jet is 250 m/s for a drive power of 35 kT., if there are no installations in the jet. The velocity is determined by pressure holed along the test section.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860020348','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860020348"><span>Experiments on high <span class="hlt">speed</span> ejectors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wu, J. J.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Experimental studies were conducted to investigate the flow and the performance of thrust augmenting ejectors for flight Mach numbers in the range of 0.5 to 0.8, primary <span class="hlt">air</span> stagnation pressures up to 107 psig (738 kPa), and primary <span class="hlt">air</span> stagnation temperatures up to 1250 F (677 C). The experiment verified the existence of the second solution ejector flow, where the flow after complete mixing is supersonic. Thrust augmentation in excess of 1.2 was demonstrated for both hot and cold primary jets. The experimental ejector performed better than the corresponding theoretical optimal first solution ejector, where the mixed flow is subsonic. Further studies are required to realize the full potential of the second solution ejector. The research program was started by the Flight Dynamics Research Corporation (FDRC) to investigate the characteristic of a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> ejector which augments thrust of a jet at high flight <span class="hlt">speeds</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790012168','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790012168"><span>Metastable sound <span class="hlt">speed</span> in gas-liquid mixtures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bursik, J. W.; Hall, R. M.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>A new method of calculating <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound for two-phase flow is presented. The new equation assumes no phase change during the propagation of an acoustic disturbance and assumes that only the total entropy of the mixture remains constant during the process. The new equation predicts single-phase values for the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in the limit of all gas or all liquid and agrees with available two-phase, <span class="hlt">air</span>-water sound <span class="hlt">speed</span> data. Other expressions used in the two-phase flow literature for calculating two-phase, metastable sound <span class="hlt">speed</span> are reviewed and discussed. Comparisons are made between the new expression and several of the previous expressions -- most notably a triply isentropic equation as used, a triply isentropic equation as used, among others, by Karplus and by Wallis. Appropriate differences are pointed out and a thermodynamic criterion is derived which must be satisfied in order for the triply isentropic expression to be thermodynamically consistent. This criterion is not satisfied for the cases examined, which included two-phase nitrogen, <span class="hlt">air</span>-water, two-phase parahydrogen, and steam-water. Consequently, the new equation derived is found to be superior to the other equations reviewed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091273','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091273"><span>Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoils at High <span class="hlt">Speeds</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Briggs, L J; Hull, G F; Dryden, H L</p> <p>1925-01-01</p> <p>This report deals with an experimental investigation of the aerodynamical characteristics of airfoils at high <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Lift, drag, and center of pressure measurements were made on six airfoils of the type used by the <span class="hlt">air</span> service in propeller design, at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> ranging from 550 to 1,000 feet per second. The results show a definite limit to the <span class="hlt">speed</span> at which airfoils may efficiently be used to produce lift, the lift coefficient decreasing and the drag coefficient increasing as the <span class="hlt">speed</span> approaches the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound. The change in lift coefficient is large for thick airfoil sections (camber ratio 0.14 to 0.20) and for high angles of attack. The change is not marked for thin sections (camber ratio 0.10) at low angles of attack, for the <span class="hlt">speed</span> range employed. At high <span class="hlt">speeds</span> the center of pressure moves back toward the trailing edge of the airfoil as the <span class="hlt">speed</span> increases. The results indicate that the use of tip <span class="hlt">speeds</span> approaching the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound for propellers of customary design involves a serious loss in efficiency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/70844-nonlinear-engine-model-idle-speed-control','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/70844-nonlinear-engine-model-idle-speed-control"><span>Nonlinear engine model for idle <span class="hlt">speed</span> control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Livshiz, M.; Sanvido, D.J.; Stiles, S.D.</p> <p>1994-12-31</p> <p>This paper describes a nonlinear model of an engine used for the design of idle <span class="hlt">speed</span> control and prediction in a broad range of idle <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and operational conditions. Idle <span class="hlt">speed</span> control systems make use of both spark advance and the idle <span class="hlt">air</span> actuator to control engine <span class="hlt">speed</span> for improved response relative to variations in the target idle <span class="hlt">speed</span> due to load disturbances. The control system at idle can be presented by a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) nonlinear model. Information of nonlinearities helps to improve performance of the system over the whole range of engine <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. A proposed simplemore » nonlinear model of the engine at idle was applied for design of optimal controllers and predictors for improved steady state, load rejection and transition from and to idle. This paper describes vehicle results of engine <span class="hlt">speed</span> prediction based on the described model.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/air-pollution-current-and-future-challenges','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/air-pollution-current-and-future-challenges"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution: <span class="hlt">Current</span> and Future Challenges</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Despite the dramatic progress to date, <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution continues to threaten Americans’ health and welfare. The main obstacles are climate change, conventional <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution, and ozone layer depletion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990STIN...9116185S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990STIN...9116185S"><span>The high <span class="hlt">speed</span> buffer board: A SAIL EIA-485 communications accelerator card for the vector measuring <span class="hlt">current</span> meter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singer, Robin; Butler, Douglas M.</p> <p>1990-07-01</p> <p>A High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Buffer Board (HSBB) was developed for the Vector Measuring <span class="hlt">Current</span> Meter (VMCM) to implement the transmission of data at 9600 baud over an EIA-485 link. The HSBB significantly extends the VMCM communication functionality, which was previously limited to 300 baud transmission via 20mA <span class="hlt">current</span> loop or FSK telemetry. The increased <span class="hlt">speed</span> allows rapid sampling of a large number of <span class="hlt">current</span> meters on a common cable and the EIA-485 circuitry, which was designed for low power operation, provides a useful multipoint communication method for data transmission over long cable lengths. SAIL protocol (IEEE 997) was utilized to coordinate data transfer by the instruments on a common link. An MC68HC11 microcontroller resides in the VMCM, buffering data it receives at 300 baud from the VMCM UART. In response to a jumper selectable SAIL address, the MC68HC11 offloads the data 9600 baud via EIA-485 to the SAIL controller. Synchronous data collection from many instruments is ensured by the SAIL synoptic set command and an embedded resynchronization/reset command. The low power consumption allows deployments of six months or more with a standard VMCM battery stack.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1298254','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1298254"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> bags and ocular injuries.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stein, J D; Jaeger, E A; Jeffers, J B</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>PURPOSE: This investigation retrospectively examined ocular injuries associated with <span class="hlt">air</span> bag deployment to gain a better appreciation of potential risk factors in motor vehicle accidents. National statistics regarding the efficacy of <span class="hlt">air</span> bags were reviewed. METHODS: Review of the literature from 1991 to 1998 identified 44 articles describing 97 patients with <span class="hlt">air</span>-bag-induced ocular injuries. Variables extracted from each case were age, sex, height, position in the car, eye wear, vehicle impact <span class="hlt">speed</span>, visual acuity, and specific ocular injuries. RESULTS: Corneal abrasions occurred in 49% of occupants, hyphemas in 43%, vitreous or retinal hemorrhages in 25%, and retinal tears or detachments in 15%. The globe was ruptured in 10 patients. Patients involved in higher-<span class="hlt">speed</span> accidents (over 30 mph) sustained a greater percentage of vitreous or retinal hemorrhages and traumatic cataracts, while those at slower <span class="hlt">speeds</span> were more prone to retinal tears or detachments. In a subset of 14 patients with serious ocular injuries, the impact <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 11 patients was recorded at 30 mph or less. Slower <span class="hlt">speed</span> may be a risk factor for some ocular injuries. Occupant height was not a significant factor. National statistics confirm that <span class="hlt">air</span> bags reduce fatalities in motor vehicle accidents. However, children sitting in the front seat without a seat belt and infants in passenger-side rear-facing car seats are at risk for fatal injury. CONCLUSION: <span class="hlt">Air</span> bags combined with seat belts are an effective means of reducing injury and death in adults during motor vehicle accidents. However, this study has documented a wide variety of ocular injuries associated with <span class="hlt">air</span> bag deployment. It is hoped that researchers can develop modifications that continue to save lives while minimizing additional harm. Images FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2A FIGURE 2B FIGURE 2C FIGURE 2D FIGURE 3A FIGURE 3B FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 FIGURE 7 FIGURE 8 PMID:10703118</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1212349-response-flame-thickness-propagation-speed-under-intense-turbulence-spatially-developing-lean-premixed-methaneair-jet-flames','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1212349-response-flame-thickness-propagation-speed-under-intense-turbulence-spatially-developing-lean-premixed-methaneair-jet-flames"><span>Response of flame thickness and propagation <span class="hlt">speed</span> under intense turbulence in spatially developing lean premixed methane–<span class="hlt">air</span> jet flames</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Sankaran, Ramanan; Hawkes, Evatt R.; Yoo, Chun Sang; ...</p> <p>2015-06-22</p> <p>Direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional spatially-developing turbulent Bunsen flames were performed at three different turbulence intensities. We performed these simulations using a reduced methane–<span class="hlt">air</span> chemical mechanism which was specifically tailored for the lean premixed conditions simulated here. A planar-jet turbulent Bunsen flame configuration was used in which turbulent preheated methane–<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture at 0.7 equivalence ratio issued through a central jet and was surrounded by a hot laminar coflow of burned products. The turbulence characteristics at the jet inflow were selected such that combustion occured in the thin reaction zones (TRZ) regime. At the lowest turbulence intensity, the conditions fall onmore » the boundary between the TRZ regime and the corrugated flamelet regime, and progressively moved further into the TRZ regime by increasing the turbulent intensity. The data from the three simulations was analyzed to understand the effect of turbulent stirring on the flame structure and thickness. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the data showed that the thermal preheat layer of the flame was thickened due to the action of turbulence, but the reaction zone was not significantly affected. A global and local analysis of the burning velocity of the flame was performed to compare the different flames. Detailed statistical averages of the flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> were also obtained to study the spatial dependence of displacement <span class="hlt">speed</span> and its correlation to strain rate and curvature.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoRL..43.3813H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoRL..43.3813H"><span>Influence of <span class="hlt">current</span> velocity and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> on <span class="hlt">air</span>-water gas exchange in a mangrove estuary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ho, David T.; Coffineau, Nathalie; Hickman, Benjamin; Chow, Nicholas; Koffman, Tobias; Schlosser, Peter</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Knowledge of <span class="hlt">air</span>-water gas transfer velocities and water residence times is necessary to study the fate of mangrove derived carbon exported into surrounding estuaries and ultimately to determine carbon balances in mangrove ecosystems. For the first time, the 3He/SF6 dual tracer technique, which has been proven to be a powerful tool to determine gas transfer velocities in the ocean, is applied to Shark River, an estuary situated in the largest contiguous mangrove forest in North America. The mean gas transfer velocity was 3.3 ± 0.2 cm h-1 during the experiment, with a water residence time of 16.5 ± 2.0 days. We propose a gas exchange parameterization that takes into account the major sources of turbulence in the estuary (i.e., bottom generated shear and wind stress).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14667723','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14667723"><span><span class="hlt">Current</span> issues and uncertainties in the measurement and modelling of <span class="hlt">air</span>-vegetation exchange and within-plant processing of POPs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barber, Jonathan L; Thomas, Gareth O; Kerstiens, Gerhard; Jones, Kevin C</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span>-vegetation exchange of POPs is an important process controlling the entry of POPs into terrestrial food chains, and may also have a significant effect on the global movement of these compounds. Many factors affect the <span class="hlt">air</span>-vegetation transfer including: the physicochemical properties of the compounds of interest; environmental factors such as temperature, wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, humidity and light conditions; and plant characteristics such as functional type, leaf surface area, cuticular structure, and leaf longevity. The purpose of this review is to quantify the effects these differences might have on <span class="hlt">air</span>/plant exchange of POPs, and to point out the major gaps in the knowledge of this subject that require further research. Uptake mechanisms are complicated, with the role of each factor in controlling partitioning, fate and behaviour process still not fully understood. Consequently, <span class="hlt">current</span> models of <span class="hlt">air</span>-vegetation exchange do not incorporate variability in these factors, with the exception of temperature. These models instead rely on using average values for a number of environmental factors (e.g. plant lipid content, surface area), ignoring the large variations in these values. The available models suggest that boundary layer conductance is of key importance in the uptake of POPs, although large uncertainties in the cuticular pathway prevents confirmation of this with any degree of certainty, and experimental data seems to show plant-side resistance to be important. Models are usually based on the assumption that POP uptake occurs through the lipophilic cuticle which covers aerial surfaces of plants. However, some authors have recently attached greater importance to the stomatal route of entry into the leaf for gas phase compounds. There is a need for greater mechanistic understanding of <span class="hlt">air</span>-plant exchange and the 'scaling' of factors affecting it. The review also suggests a number of key variables that researchers should measure in their experiments to allow comparisons</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20849061','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20849061"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> bag-mediated fatal craniocervical trauma: a case report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Büyük, Yalçin; Uzün, Ibrahim; Erkol, Zerrin; Ağritmiş, Hasan; Ustündağ, Kasim T</p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>This case report describes a four-year-old girl (102 cm, 17 kg) who sustained fatal craniocerebral injuries as a result of an inflating automobile <span class="hlt">air</span> bag. The car struck the lid of the sewer system, which was 15 cm above the ground level, at a low <span class="hlt">speed</span>, and both the driver and passenger <span class="hlt">air</span> bags inflated. Despite the fact that <span class="hlt">air</span> bag usage has lessened both the possibility and severity of occupant injuries in frontal collisions, case reports of serious injuries and even deaths especially in children due to <span class="hlt">air</span> bag deployment, particularly during low <span class="hlt">speed</span> impacts, highlight the need for changes in both system design and possibly the threshold <span class="hlt">speed</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> bag deployment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008EJPh...29..335V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008EJPh...29..335V"><span>Testing theoretical models of magnetic damping using an <span class="hlt">air</span> track</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vidaurre, Ana; Riera, Jaime; Monsoriu, Juan A.; Giménez, Marcos H.</p> <p>2008-03-01</p> <p>Magnetic braking is a long-established application of Lenz's law. A rigorous analysis of the laws governing this problem involves solving Maxwell's equations in a time-dependent situation. Approximate models have been developed to describe different experimental results related to this phenomenon. In this paper we present a new method for the analysis of magnetic braking using a magnet fixed to the glider of an <span class="hlt">air</span> track. The forces acting on the glider, a result of the eddy <span class="hlt">currents</span>, can be easily observed and measured. As a consequence of the <span class="hlt">air</span> track inclination, the glider accelerates at the beginning, although it asymptotically tends towards a uniform rectilinear movement characterized by a terminal <span class="hlt">speed</span>. This <span class="hlt">speed</span> depends on the interaction between the magnetic field and the conductivity properties of the <span class="hlt">air</span> track. Compared with previous related approaches, in our experimental setup the magnet fixed to the glider produces a magnetic braking force which acts continuously, rather than over a short period of time. The experimental results satisfactorily concur with the theoretical models adapted to this configuration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19513443','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19513443"><span>A study of aerosol entrapment and the influence of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, chamber design and foam density on polyurethane foam passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers used for persistent organic pollutants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chaemfa, Chakra; Wild, Edward; Davison, Brian; Barber, Jonathan L; Jones, Kevin C</p> <p>2009-06-01</p> <p>Polyurethane foam disks are a cheap and versatile tool for sampling persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the <span class="hlt">air</span> in ambient, occupational and indoor settings. This study provides important background information on the ways in which the performance of these commonly used passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers may be influenced by the key environmental variables of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and aerosol entrapment. Studies were performed in the field, a wind tunnel and with microscopy techniques, to investigate deployment conditions and foam density influence on gas phase sampling rates (not obtained in this study) and aerosol trapping. The study showed: wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> inside the sampler is greater on the upper side of the sampling disk than the lower side and tethered samplers have higher wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> across the upper and lower surfaces of the foam disk at a wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> > or = 4 m/s; particles are trapped on the foam surface and within the body of the foam disk; fine (<1 um) particles can form clusters of larger size inside the foam matrix. Whilst primarily designed to sample gas phase POPs, entrapment of particles ensures some 'sampling' of particle bound POPs species, such as higher molecular weight PAHs and PCDD/Fs. Further work is required to investigate how quantitative such entrapment or 'sampling' is under different ambient conditions, and with different aerosol sizes and types.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370408','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370408"><span>An induced <span class="hlt">current</span> method for measuring zeta potential of electrolyte solution-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Song, Yongxin; Zhao, Kai; Wang, Junsheng; Wu, Xudong; Pan, Xinxiang; Sun, Yeqing; Li, Dongqing</p> <p>2014-02-15</p> <p>This paper reports a novel and very simple method for measuring the zeta potential of electrolyte solution-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface. When a measuring electrode contacts the electrolyte solution-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface, an electrical <span class="hlt">current</span> will be generated due to the potential difference between the electrode-<span class="hlt">air</span> surface and the electrolyte solution-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface. The amplitude of the measured electric signal is linearly proportional to this potential difference; and depends only on the zeta potential at the electrolyte solution-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface, regardless of the types and concentrations of the electrolyte. A correlation between the zeta potential and the measured voltage signal is obtained based on the experimental data. Using this equation, the zeta potential of any electrolyte solution-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface can be evaluated quickly and easily by inserting an electrode through the electrolyte solution-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface and measuring the electrical signal amplitude. This method was verified by comparing the obtained results of NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions of different pH values and concentrations with the zeta potential data reported in the published journal papers. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900000318&hterms=Permanent+magnet+motors&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DPermanent%2Bmagnet%2Bmotors','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900000318&hterms=Permanent+magnet+motors&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DPermanent%2Bmagnet%2Bmotors"><span>Circuit Regulates <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Of dc Motor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Weaver, Charles; Padden, Robin; Brown, Floyd A., Jr.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Driving circuit regulates <span class="hlt">speed</span> of small dc permanent-magnet motor in tape recorder. Two nested feedback loops maintain <span class="hlt">speed</span> within 1 percent of constant value. Inner loop provides coarse regulation, while outer loop removes most of variation in <span class="hlt">speed</span> that remains in the presence of regulation by the inner loop. Compares <span class="hlt">speed</span> of motor with commanded <span class="hlt">speed</span> and adjusts <span class="hlt">current</span> supplied to motor accordingly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100022058','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100022058"><span>Low <span class="hlt">Speed</span> and High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Correlation of SMART Active Flap Rotor Loads</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kottapalli, Sesi B. R.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Measured, open loop and closed loop data from the SMART rotor test in the NASA Ames 40- by 80- Foot Wind Tunnel are compared with CAMRAD II calculations. One open loop high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> case and four closed loop cases are considered. The closed loop cases include three high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cases and one low-<span class="hlt">speed</span> case. Two of these high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cases include a 2 deg flap deflection at 5P case and a test maximum-airspeed case. This study follows a recent, open loop correlation effort that used a simple correction factor for the airfoil pitching moment Mach number. Compared to the earlier effort, the <span class="hlt">current</span> open loop study considers more fundamental corrections based on advancing blade aerodynamic conditions. The airfoil tables themselves have been studied. Selected modifications to the HH-06 section flap airfoil pitching moment table are implemented. For the closed loop condition, the effect of the flap actuator is modeled by increased flap hinge stiffness. Overall, the open loop correlation is reasonable, thus confirming the basic correctness of the <span class="hlt">current</span> semi-empirical modifications; the closed loop correlation is also reasonable considering that the <span class="hlt">current</span> flap model is a first generation model. Detailed correlation results are given in the paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5902311','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5902311"><span>Outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution, exhaled 8-isoprostane and <span class="hlt">current</span> asthma in adults: the EGEA study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zerimech, Farid; Sanchez, Margaux; Siroux, Valérie; Le Moual, Nicole; Brunekreef, Bert; Stempfelet, Morgane; Künzli, Nino; Jacquemin, Bénédicte; Matran, Régis</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Associations between outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and asthma in adults are still scarce, and the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Our aim was to study the associations between 1) long-term exposure to outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and <span class="hlt">current</span> asthma, 2) exhaled 8-isoprostane (8-iso; a biomarker related to oxidative stress) and <span class="hlt">current</span> asthma, and 3) outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and exhaled 8-iso. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 608 adults (39% with <span class="hlt">current</span> asthma) from the first follow-up of the French case–control and family study on asthma (EGEA; the Epidemiological study of the Genetic and Environmental factors of Asthma). Data on nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter with a diameter ≤10 and ≤2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5), road traffic, and ozone (O3) were from ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for <span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution Effects) and IFEN (French Institute for the Environment) assessments. Models took account of city and familial dependence. The risk of <span class="hlt">current</span> asthma increased with traffic intensity (adjusted (a)OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.00–1.18) per 5000 vehicles per day), with O3 exposure (aOR 2.04 (95% CI 1.27–3.29) per 10 µg·m−3) and with exhaled 8-iso concentration (aOR 1.50 (95% CI 1.06–2.12) per 1 pg·mL−1). Among participants without asthma, exhaled 8-iso concentration increased with PM2.5 exposure (adjusted (a)β 0.23 (95% CI 0.005–0.46) per 5 µg·m−3), and decreased with O3 and O3-summer exposures (aβ −0.20 (95% CI −0.39– −0.01) and aβ −0.52 (95% CI −0.77– −0.26) per 10 µg·m−3, respectively). Our results add new insights into a potential role of oxidative stress in the associations between outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and asthma in adults. PMID:29618600</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10096E..15C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10096E..15C"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> optical links for UAV applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, C.; Grier, A.; Malfa, M.; Booen, E.; Harding, H.; Xia, C.; Hunwardsen, M.; Demers, J.; Kudinov, K.; Mak, G.; Smith, B.; Sahasrabudhe, A.; Patawaran, F.; Wang, T.; Wang, A.; Zhao, C.; Leang, D.; Gin, J.; Lewis, M.; Nguyen, D.; Quirk, K.</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>High <span class="hlt">speed</span> optical backbone links between a fleet of UAVs is an integral part of the Facebook connectivity architecture. To support the architecture, the optical terminals need to provide high throughput rates (in excess of tens of Gbps) while achieving low weight and power consumption. The initial effort is to develop and demonstrate an optical terminal capable of meeting the data rate requirements and demonstrate its functions for both <span class="hlt">air-air</span> and <span class="hlt">air</span>-ground engagements. This paper is a summary of the effort to date.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ESASP.692E..38M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ESASP.692E..38M"><span>Preliminary Design of the Low <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Propulsion <span class="hlt">Air</span> Intake of the LAPCAT-MR2 Aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meerts, C.; Steelant, J.; Hendrick, P.</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>A supersonic <span class="hlt">air</span> intake has been designed for the low <span class="hlt">speed</span> propulsion system of the LAPCAT-MR2 aircraft. Development has been based on the XB-70 aircraft <span class="hlt">air</span> intake which achieves extremely high performances over a wide operation range through the combined use of variable geometry and porous wall suction for boundary layer control. Design of the LAPCAT-MR2 intake has been operated through CFD simulations using DLR TAU-Code (perfect gas model - Menter SST turbulence model). First, a new boundary condition has been validated into the DLR TAU-Code (perfect gas model) for porous wall suction modelling. Standard test cases have shown surprisingly good agreement with both theoretical predictions and experimental results. Based upon this validation, XB-70 <span class="hlt">air</span> intake performances have been assessed through CFD simulations over the subsonic, transonic and supersonic operation regions and compared to available flight data. A new simulation strategy was deployed avoiding numerical instabilities when initiating the flow in both transonic and supersonic operation modes. First, the flow must be initiated with a far field Mach number higher than the target flight Mach number. Additionally, the inlet backpressure may only be increased to its target value once the oblique shock pattern downstream the intake compression ramps is converged. Simulations using that strategy have shown excellent agreement with in-flight measurements for both total pressure recovery ratio and variable geometry schedule prediction. The demarcation between stable and unstable operation could be well reproduced. Finally, a modified version of the XB-70 <span class="hlt">air</span> intake has been integrated in the elliptical intake on the LAPCAT vehicle. Operation of this intake in the LAPCAT-MR2 environment is under evaluation using the same simulation strategy as the one developed for the XB-70. Performances are assessed at several key operation points to assess viability of this design. This information will allow in a next</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1037003','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1037003"><span>Engine control system having <span class="hlt">speed</span>-based timing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Willi, Martin L [Dunlap, IL; Fiveland, Scott B [Metamora, IL; Montgomery, David T [Edelstein, IL; Gong, Weidong [Dunlap, IL</p> <p>2012-02-14</p> <p>A control system for an engine having a cylinder is disclosed having an engine valve movable to regulate a fluid flow of the cylinder and an actuator associated with the engine valve. The control system also has a controller in communication with the actuator. The controller is configured to receive a signal indicative of engine <span class="hlt">speed</span> and compare the engine <span class="hlt">speed</span> signal with a desired engine <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The controller is also configured to selectively regulate the actuator to adjust a timing of the engine valve to control an amount of <span class="hlt">air</span>/fuel mixture delivered to the cylinder based on the comparison.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6492466-idle-speed-fuel-vapor-recovery-control-system','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6492466-idle-speed-fuel-vapor-recovery-control-system"><span>Idle <span class="hlt">speed</span> and fuel vapor recovery control system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Orzel, D.V.</p> <p>1993-06-01</p> <p>A method for controlling idling <span class="hlt">speed</span> of an engine via bypass throttle connected in parallel to a primary engine throttle and for controlling purge flow through a vapor recovery system into an <span class="hlt">air</span>/fuel intake of the engine is described, comprising the steps of: positioning the bypass throttle to decrease any difference between a desired engine idle <span class="hlt">speed</span> and actual engine idle <span class="hlt">speed</span>; and decreasing the purge flow when said bypass throttle position is less than a preselected fraction of a maximum bypass throttle position.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835098','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835098"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Emissions Damages from Municipal Drinking Water Treatment Under <span class="hlt">Current</span> and Proposed Regulatory Standards.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gingerich, Daniel B; Mauter, Meagan S</p> <p>2017-09-19</p> <p>Water treatment processes present intersectoral and cross-media risk trade-offs that are not presently considered in Safe Drinking Water Act regulatory analyses. This paper develops a method for assessing the <span class="hlt">air</span> emission implications of common municipal water treatment processes used to comply with recently promulgated and proposed regulatory standards, including concentration limits for, lead and copper, disinfection byproducts, chromium(VI), strontium, and PFOA/PFOS. Life-cycle models of electricity and chemical consumption for individual drinking water unit processes are used to estimate embedded NO x , SO 2 , PM 2.5 , and CO 2 emissions on a cubic meter basis. We estimate <span class="hlt">air</span> emission damages from <span class="hlt">currently</span> installed treatment processes at U.S. drinking water facilities to be on the order of $500 million USD annually. Fully complying with six promulgated and proposed rules would increase baseline <span class="hlt">air</span> emission damages by approximately 50%, with three-quarters of these damages originating from chemical manufacturing. Despite the magnitude of these <span class="hlt">air</span> emission damages, the net benefit of <span class="hlt">currently</span> implemented rules remains positive. For some proposed rules, however, the promise of net benefits remains contingent on technology choice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091732','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091732"><span>The Influence of Directed <span class="hlt">Air</span> Flow on Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rothrock, A M; Spencer, R C</p> <p>1939-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">air</span> movement within the cylinder of the NACA combustion apparatus was regulated by using shrouded inlet valves and by fairing the inlet passage. Rates of combustion were determined at different inlet-<span class="hlt">air</span> velocities with the engine <span class="hlt">speed</span> maintained constant and at different engine <span class="hlt">speeds</span> with the inlet-<span class="hlt">air</span> velocity maintained approximately constant. The rate of combustion increased when the engine <span class="hlt">speed</span> was doubled without changing the inlet-<span class="hlt">air</span> velocity; the observed increase was about the same as the increase in the rate of combustion obtained by doubling the inlet-<span class="hlt">air</span> velocity without changing the engine <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Certain types of directed <span class="hlt">air</span> movement gave great improvement in the reproducibility of the explosions from cycle to cycle, provided that other variables were controlled. Directing the inlet <span class="hlt">air</span> past the injection valve during injection increased the rate of burning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091322','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091322"><span>Pressure Distribution Over Airfoils at High <span class="hlt">Speeds</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Briggs, L J; Dryden, H L</p> <p>1927-01-01</p> <p>This report deals with the pressure distribution over airfoils at high <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, and describes an extension of an investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of certain airfoils which was presented in NACA Technical Report no. 207. The results presented in report no. 207 have been confirmed and extended to higher <span class="hlt">speeds</span> through a more extensive and systematic series of tests. Observations were also made of the <span class="hlt">air</span> flow near the surface of the airfoils, and the large changes in lift coefficients were shown to be associated with a sudden breaking away of the flow from the upper surface. The tests were made on models of 1-inch chord and comparison with the earlier measurements on models of 3-inch chord shows that the sudden change in the lift coefficient is due to compressibility and not to a change in the Reynolds number. The Reynolds number still has a large effect, however, on the drag coefficient. The pressure distribution observations furnish the propeller designer with data on the load distribution at high <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, and also give a better picture of the <span class="hlt">air</span>-flow changes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050060774','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050060774"><span>Lessons Learned in the High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Aerodynamic Research Programs of the NACA/NASA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Spearman, M. Leroy</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The achievement of flight with manned, powered, heavier-than-<span class="hlt">air</span> aircraft in 1903 marked the beginning of a new era in the means of transportation. A special advantage for aircraft was in <span class="hlt">speed</span>. However, when an aircraft penetrates the <span class="hlt">air</span> at very high <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, the disturbed <span class="hlt">air</span> is compressed and there are changes in the density, pressure and temperature of the <span class="hlt">air</span>. These compressibility effects change the aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft and introduce problems in drag, stability and control. Many aircraft designed in the post-World War II era were plagued with the effects of compressibility. Accordingly, the study of the aerodynamic behavior of aircraft, spacecraft and missiles at high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> became a major part of the research activity of the NACA/NASA. The intent of the research was to determine the causes and provide some solutions for the aerodynamic problems resulting from the effects of compressibility. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> aerodynamic research work conducted at the Langley Research Center from the viewpoint of the author who has been active in much of the effort.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.3696L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.3696L"><span>How well does wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> predict <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas transfer in the sea ice zone? A synthesis of radon deficit profiles in the upper water column of the Arctic Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Loose, B.; Kelly, R. P.; Bigdeli, A.; Williams, W.; Krishfield, R.; Rutgers van der Loeff, M.; Moran, S. B.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>We present 34 profiles of radon-deficit from the ice-ocean boundary layer of the Beaufort Sea. Including these 34, there are presently 58 published radon-deficit estimates of <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas transfer velocity (k) in the Arctic Ocean; 52 of these estimates were derived from water covered by 10% sea ice or more. The average value of k collected since 2011 is 4.0 ± 1.2 m d-1. This exceeds the quadratic wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> prediction of weighted kws = 2.85 m d-1 with mean-weighted wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 6.4 m s-1. We show how ice cover changes the mixed-layer radon budget, and yields an "effective gas transfer velocity." We use these 58 estimates to statistically evaluate the suitability of a wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> parameterization for k, when the ocean surface is ice covered. Whereas the six profiles taken from the open ocean indicate a statistically good fit to wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> parameterizations, the same parameterizations could not reproduce k from the sea ice zone. We conclude that techniques for estimating k in the open ocean cannot be similarly applied to determine k in the presence of sea ice. The magnitude of k through gaps in the ice may reach high values as ice cover increases, possibly as a result of focused turbulence dissipation at openings in the free surface. These 58 profiles are presently the most complete set of estimates of k across seasons and variable ice cover; as dissolved tracer budgets they reflect <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas exchange with no impact from <span class="hlt">air</span>-ice gas exchange.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28613251','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28613251"><span>Dynamic <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Adaptation for Path Tracking Based on Curvature Information and <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Limits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gámez Serna, Citlalli; Ruichek, Yassine</p> <p>2017-06-14</p> <p>A critical concern of autonomous vehicles is safety. Different approaches have tried to enhance driving safety to reduce the number of fatal crashes and severe injuries. As an example, Intelligent <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Adaptation (ISA) systems warn the driver when the vehicle exceeds the recommended <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit. However, these systems only take into account fixed <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits without considering factors like road geometry. In this paper, we consider road curvature with <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits to automatically adjust vehicle's <span class="hlt">speed</span> with the ideal one through our proposed Dynamic <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Adaptation (DSA) method. Furthermore, 'curve analysis extraction' and '<span class="hlt">speed</span> limits database creation' are also part of our contribution. An algorithm that analyzes GPS information off-line identifies high curvature segments and estimates the <span class="hlt">speed</span> for each curve. The <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit database contains information about the different <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit zones for each traveled path. Our DSA senses <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits and curves of the road using GPS information and ensures smooth <span class="hlt">speed</span> transitions between <span class="hlt">current</span> and ideal <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Through experimental simulations with different control algorithms on real and simulated datasets, we prove that our method is able to significantly reduce lateral errors on sharp curves, to respect <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits and consequently increase safety and comfort for the passenger.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311558','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311558"><span>Isolation and purification of arctigenin from Fructus Arctii by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Feng; Xi, Xingjun; Wang, Mei; Fan, Li; Geng, Yanling; Wang, Xiao</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment combined with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography for the transformation and isolation of arctigenin from Fructus Arctii was successfully developed. In the first step, the extract solution of Fructus Arctii was enzymatic hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were 40°C, pH 5.0, 24 h of hydrolysis time, and 1.25 mg/mL β-glucosidase concentration. Under these conditions, the content of arctigenin was transformed from 2.60 to 12.59 mg/g. In the second step, arctigenin in the hydrolysis products was separated and purified by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (10:25:15:20, v/v), and the fraction was analyzed by HPLC, ESI-MS, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, 102 mg of arctigenin with a purity of 98.9% was obtained in a one-step separation from 200 mg of hydrolyzed sample. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5196004','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5196004"><span>Development of a <span class="hlt">current</span> collection loss management system for SDI homopolar power supplies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Brown, D.W.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>High <span class="hlt">speed</span>, high power density <span class="hlt">current</span> collection systems have been identified as an enabling technology required to construct homopolar power supplies to meet SDI missions. This work is part of a three-year effort directed towards the analysis, experimental verification, and prototype construction of a <span class="hlt">current</span> collection system designed to operate continuously at 2 kA/cm{sup 2}, at a rubbing <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 200 m/s, and with acceptable losses in a space environment. To data, no system has achieved these conditions simultaneously. This is the annual report covering the second year period of performance on DOE contract DE-AC03-86SF16518. Major areas covered include design,more » construction and operation of a cryogenically cooled brush test rig, design and construction of a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> brush test rig, optimization study for homopolar machines, loss analysis of the <span class="hlt">current</span> collection system, and an application study which defines the <span class="hlt">air</span>-core homopolar construction necessary to achieve the goal of 80--90 kW/kg generator power density. 17 figs., 2 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933185','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933185"><span>Embodied linearity of <span class="hlt">speed</span> control in Drosophila melanogaster.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Medici, V; Fry, S N</p> <p>2012-12-07</p> <p>Fruitflies regulate flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> by adjusting their body angle. To understand how low-level posture control serves an overall linear visual <span class="hlt">speed</span> control strategy, we visually induced free-flight acceleration responses in a wind tunnel and measured the body kinematics using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> videography. Subsequently, we reverse engineered the transfer function mapping body pitch angle onto flight <span class="hlt">speed</span>. A linear model is able to reproduce the behavioural data with good accuracy. Our results show that linearity in <span class="hlt">speed</span> control is realized already at the level of body posture-mediated <span class="hlt">speed</span> control and is therefore embodied at the level of the complex aerodynamic mechanisms of body and wings. Together with previous results, this study reveals the existence of a linear hierarchical control strategy, which can provide relevant control principles for biomimetic implementations, such as autonomous flying micro <span class="hlt">air</span> vehicles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3481592','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3481592"><span>Embodied linearity of <span class="hlt">speed</span> control in Drosophila melanogaster</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Medici, V.; Fry, S. N.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Fruitflies regulate flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> by adjusting their body angle. To understand how low-level posture control serves an overall linear visual <span class="hlt">speed</span> control strategy, we visually induced free-flight acceleration responses in a wind tunnel and measured the body kinematics using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> videography. Subsequently, we reverse engineered the transfer function mapping body pitch angle onto flight <span class="hlt">speed</span>. A linear model is able to reproduce the behavioural data with good accuracy. Our results show that linearity in <span class="hlt">speed</span> control is realized already at the level of body posture-mediated <span class="hlt">speed</span> control and is therefore embodied at the level of the complex aerodynamic mechanisms of body and wings. Together with previous results, this study reveals the existence of a linear hierarchical control strategy, which can provide relevant control principles for biomimetic implementations, such as autonomous flying micro <span class="hlt">air</span> vehicles. PMID:22933185</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130010684','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130010684"><span>Statistical Short-Range Guidance for Peak Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Forecasts at Edwards <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, CA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dreher, Joseph; Crawford, Winifred; Lafosse, Richard; Hoeth, Brian; Burns, Kerry</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The peak winds near the surface are an important forecast element for Space Shuttle landings. As defined in the Shuttle Flight Rules (FRs), there are peak wind thresholds that cannot be exceeded in order to ensure the safety of the shuttle during landing operations. The National Weather Service Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) is responsible for weather forecasts for all shuttle landings. They indicate peak winds are a challenging parameter to forecast. To alleviate the difficulty in making such wind forecasts, the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMTJ) developed a personal computer based graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying peak wind climatology and probabilities of exceeding peak-wind thresholds for the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) at Kennedy Space Center. However, the shuttle must land at Edwards <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base (EAFB) in southern California when weather conditions at Kennedy Space Center in Florida are not acceptable, so SMG forecasters requested that a similar tool be developed for EAFB. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) personnel archived and performed quality control of 2-minute average and 10-minute peak wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> at each tower adjacent to the main runway at EAFB from 1997- 2004. They calculated wind climatologies and probabilities of average peak wind occurrence based on the average <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The climatologies were calculated for each tower and month, and were stratified by hour, direction, and direction/hour. For the probabilities of peak wind occurrence, MSFC calculated empirical and modeled probabilities of meeting or exceeding specific 10-minute peak wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> using probability density functions. The AMU obtained and reformatted the data into Microsoft Excel PivotTables, which allows users to display different values with point-click-drag techniques. The GUT was then created from the PivotTables using Visual Basic for Applications code. The GUI is run through a macro within Microsoft Excel and allows forecasters to quickly display and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613281','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613281"><span>Operator's ability at assessing a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> (<span class="hlt">air</span> turbine) handpiece before use: an audit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Holliday, R; Venugopal, S; Howell, A; Keys, W</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The 'high-<span class="hlt">speed</span>' (<span class="hlt">air</span> turbine) handpiece is used extensively across many dental disciplines and the ability of clinicians to detect faulty handpieces is essential. The primary aim of this audit was to determine the proportion of participants who could correctly identify unsafe handpieces. Secondary aims were to determine the proportion that had previous training on the topic and determine whether an educational video could improve scores. Eighty participants completed the first round of audit. They were asked to inspect seven handpieces, five of which were faulty, with three being classed as unsafe. After the intervention (educational sessions and distribution of a video) a second round of audit was completed on 69 participants. The ability to detect the three unsafe handpieces increased from 10% to 44% over the two rounds of audit. In the second round the highest score obtained was by those who had received the intervention, 77%. The lowest score, 14%, was by those who had not received the intervention. Nine percent of participants in the first round stated they had previously had training on handpiece inspection and none of these participants identified the three unsafe handpieces. This audit has highlighted that there is a knowledge deficiency with regards to <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine handpiece safety and inspection. We have shown that introduction of a simple education video can have an impact on dentists and students abilities to detect unsafe faults. We have already introduced this into the undergraduate curriculum in our school and we aim to also raise awareness within the dental community.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5492420','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5492420"><span>Dynamic <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Adaptation for Path Tracking Based on Curvature Information and <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Limits †</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gámez Serna, Citlalli; Ruichek, Yassine</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>A critical concern of autonomous vehicles is safety. Different approaches have tried to enhance driving safety to reduce the number of fatal crashes and severe injuries. As an example, Intelligent <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Adaptation (ISA) systems warn the driver when the vehicle exceeds the recommended <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit. However, these systems only take into account fixed <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits without considering factors like road geometry. In this paper, we consider road curvature with <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits to automatically adjust vehicle’s <span class="hlt">speed</span> with the ideal one through our proposed Dynamic <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Adaptation (DSA) method. Furthermore, ‘curve analysis extraction’ and ‘<span class="hlt">speed</span> limits database creation’ are also part of our contribution. An algorithm that analyzes GPS information off-line identifies high curvature segments and estimates the <span class="hlt">speed</span> for each curve. The <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit database contains information about the different <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit zones for each traveled path. Our DSA senses <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits and curves of the road using GPS information and ensures smooth <span class="hlt">speed</span> transitions between <span class="hlt">current</span> and ideal <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Through experimental simulations with different control algorithms on real and simulated datasets, we prove that our method is able to significantly reduce lateral errors on sharp curves, to respect <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits and consequently increase safety and comfort for the passenger. PMID:28613251</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552335','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552335"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">air</span>-blowing duration on the bond strength of <span class="hlt">current</span> one-step adhesives to dentin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fu, Jiale; Saikaew, Pipop; Kawano, Shimpei; Carvalho, Ricardo M; Hannig, Matthias; Sano, Hidehiko; Selimovic, Denis</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>To evaluate the influence of different <span class="hlt">air</span>-blowing durations on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of five <span class="hlt">current</span> one-step adhesive systems to dentin. One hundred and five caries-free human molars and five <span class="hlt">current</span> one-step adhesive systems were used: ABU (All Bond Universal, Bisco, Inc.), CUB (CLEARFIL™ Universal Bond, Kuraray), GPB (G-Premio BOND, GC), OBA (OptiBond All-in-one, Kerr) and SBU (Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE). The adhesives were applied to 600 SiC paper-flat dentin surfaces according to each manufacturer's instructions and were <span class="hlt">air</span>-dried with standard, oil-free <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure of 0.25MPa for either 0s, 5s, 15s or 30s before light-curing. Bond strength to dentin was determined by using μTBS test after 24h of water storage. The fracture pattern on the dentin surface was analyzed by SEM. The resin-dentin interface of untested specimens was visualized by panoramic SEM image. Data from μTBS were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (adhesive vs. <span class="hlt">air</span>-blowing time), and Games-Howell (a=0.05). Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of materials (p=0.000) and <span class="hlt">air</span>-blowing time (p=0.000) on bond strength to dentin. The interaction between factors was also significantly different (p=0.000). Maximum bond strength for each system were recorded, OBA/15s (76.34±19.15MPa), SBU/15s (75.18±12.83MPa), CUB/15s (68.23±16.36MPa), GPB/30s (55.82±12.99MPa) and ABU/15s (44.75±8.95MPa). The maximum bond strength of OBA and SUB were significantly higher than that of GPB and ABU (p<0.05). The bond strength of the <span class="hlt">current</span> one-step adhesive systems is material-dependent (p=0.000), and was influenced by <span class="hlt">air</span>-blowing duration (p=0.000). For the <span class="hlt">current</span> one-step adhesive systems, higher bond strengths could be achieved with prolonged <span class="hlt">air</span>-blowing duration between 15-30s. Copyright © 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26079551','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26079551"><span>Meteorological and urban landscape factors on severe <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution in Beijing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Lijian; Zhou, Weiqi; Li, Weifeng; Meshesha, Derege T; Li, Li; Zheng, Mingqing</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> pollution gained special attention with the rapid development in Beijing. In January 2013, Beijing experienced extreme <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution, which was not well examined. We thus examine the magnitude of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in the particular month by applying the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality index (AQI), which is based on the newly upgraded Chinese environmental standard. Our finding revealed that (1) <span class="hlt">air</span> quality has distinct spatial heterogeneity and relatively better <span class="hlt">air</span> quality was observed in the northwest while worse quality happened in the southeast part of the city; (2) the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is the main determinant of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in the city-when wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is greater than 4 m/sec, <span class="hlt">air</span> quality can be significantly improved; and (3) urban impervious surface makes a contribution to the severity of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution-that is, with an increase in the fraction of impervious surface in a given area, <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution is more severe. The results from our study demonstrated the severe pollution in Beijing and its meteorological and landscape factors. Also, the results of this work suggest that very strict <span class="hlt">air</span> quality management should be conducted when wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> less than 4 m/sec, especially at places with a large fraction of urban impervious surface. Prevention of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution is rare among methods with controls on meteorological and urban landscape conditions. We present research that utilizes the latest <span class="hlt">air</span> quality index (AQI) to compare <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution with meteorological and landscape conditions. We found that wind is the major meteorological factor that determines the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. For a given wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> greater than 4 m/sec, the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality improved significantly. Urban impervious surface also contributes to the severe <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution: that is, when the fraction of impervious surface increases, there is more severe <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution. These results suggest that <span class="hlt">air</span> quality management should be conducted when wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is less than 4 m/sec, especially at places with a larger fraction of urban impervious surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5096274','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5096274"><span>Preparation of Sesquiterpenoids from Tussilago farfara L. by High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> Counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> Chromatography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cao, Kun; Xu, Yi; Zhao, Tian-Ming; Zhang, Qing</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Background: Sesquiterpenoids, such as tussilagone, has effects of raising blood pressure, antiplatelet aggregation, and anti-inflammation activities, which is regarded as index compound for quality control of Tussilago farfara L. Objective: This study was aimed to obtain an effective method for fast isolation of sesquiterpenoids from T. farfara L. by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC). Materials and Methods: A solvent optimization method for HSCCC was presented, i.e., the separation factors of compounds after the K values of solvent system should be investigated. Results: A ternary solvent system of n-hexane:methanol:water (5:8:2, v/v/v) was selected and applied for the HSCCC, and 56 mg of tussilagone (2) was isolated from T. farfara L., along with two other sesquiterpenoids 5.6 mg of 2,2-dimethyl-6-acetylchromanone (1) and 22 mg of 14-acetoxy-7 β-(3’-ethyl cis-crotonoyloxy)-lα-(2’-methylbutyryloxy)-notonipetranone (3) by HSCCC with high purities. Their chemical structures were elucidated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Conclusion: These results offered an efficient strategy for preparation of potentially health-relevant phytochemicals from T. farfara L., which might be used for further chemical research and pharmacological studies by preparative HSCCC. SUMMARY The real separation efficiency has been verified by analytical HSCCC.A solvent optimization method for HSCCC was presented and applied to separate and prepare active compounds.A method for rapid and effective separation of target compound Tussilagone with high yield and purity from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara.Two other compounds 2,2-Dimethyl-6-acetylchromanone and 14-acetoxy-7β-(3’-ethyl cis-crotonoyloxy) -lα- (2’-methylbutyryloxy). notonipetranone hasbeen obtained with high purities from flower buds of Tussilago farfara. Abbreviations used: HSCCC: High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Counter-<span class="hlt">Current</span> Chromatography; LC-MS: Liquid Chromatograph</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22408141-current-voltage-characteristics-dc-corona-discharges-air-between-coaxial-cylinders','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22408141-current-voltage-characteristics-dc-corona-discharges-air-between-coaxial-cylinders"><span><span class="hlt">Current</span>-voltage characteristics of dc corona discharges in <span class="hlt">air</span> between coaxial cylinders</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zheng, Yuesheng, E-mail: yueshengzheng@fzu.edu.cn; Zhang, Bo, E-mail: shizbcn@tsinghua.edu.cn; He, Jinliang, E-mail: hejl@tsinghua.edu.cn</p> <p></p> <p>This paper presents the experimental measurement and numerical analysis of the <span class="hlt">current</span>-voltage characteristics of dc corona discharges in <span class="hlt">air</span> between coaxial cylinders. The <span class="hlt">current</span>-voltage characteristics for both positive and negative corona discharges were measured within a specially designed corona cage. Then the measured results were fitted by different empirical formulae and analyzed by the fluid model. The <span class="hlt">current</span>-voltage characteristics between coaxial cylinders can be expressed as I = C(U − U{sub 0}){sup m}, where m is within the range 1.5–2.0, which is similar to the point-plane electrode system. The ionization region has no significant effect on the <span class="hlt">current</span>-voltage characteristic under a low corona <span class="hlt">current</span>,more » while it will affect the distribution for the negative corona under a high corona <span class="hlt">current</span>. The surface onset fields and ion mobilities were emphatically discussed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/12936','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/12936"><span><span class="hlt">Speed</span> and Delay Prediction Models for Planning Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Estimation of vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span> and delay is fundamental to many forms of : transportation planning analyses including <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, long-range travel : forecasting, major investment studies, and congestion management systems. : However, existing planning...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760064467&hterms=owen+wilson&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dowen%2Bwilson','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760064467&hterms=owen+wilson&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dowen%2Bwilson"><span>Design of <span class="hlt">air</span>-gapped magnetic-core inductors for superimposed direct and alternating <span class="hlt">currents</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ohri, A. K.; Wilson, T. G.; Owen, H. A., Jr.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>Using data on standard magnetic-material properties and standard core sizes for <span class="hlt">air</span>-gap-type cores, an algorithm designed for a computer solution is developed which optimally determines the <span class="hlt">air</span>-gap length and locates the quiescent point on the normal magnetization curve so as to yield an inductor design with the minimum number of turns for a given ac voltage and frequency and with a given dc bias <span class="hlt">current</span> superimposed in the same winding. Magnetic-material data used in the design are the normal magnetization curve and a family of incremental permeability curves. A second procedure, which requires a simpler set of calculations, starts from an assigned quiescent point on the normal magnetization curve and first screens candidate core sizes for suitability, then determines the required turns and <span class="hlt">air</span>-gap length.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.5895..147B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.5895..147B"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> wavefront control using MEMS micromirrors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bifano, T. G.; Stewart, J. B.</p> <p>2005-08-01</p> <p>Over the past decade, a number of electrostatically-actuated MEMS deformable mirror devices have been used for adaptive control in beam-forming and imaging applications. One architecture that has been widely used is the silicon device developed by Boston University, consisting of a continuous or segmented mirror supported by post attachments to an array of parallel plate electrostatic actuators. MEMS deformable mirrors and segmented mirrors with up to 1024 of these actuators have been used in open loop and closed loop control systems to control wavefront errors. Frame rates as high as 11kHz have been demonstrated. Mechanically, the actuators used in this device exhibit a first-mode resonant frequency that is in the range of many tens of kilohertz up to a few hundred kilohertz. Viscous <span class="hlt">air</span> damping has been found to limit operation at such high frequencies in <span class="hlt">air</span> at standard pressure. Some applications in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> tracking and beam-forming could benefit from increased <span class="hlt">speed</span>. In this paper, several approaches to achieving critically-damped performance with such MEMS DMs are detailed, and theoretical and experimental results are presented. One approach is to seal the MEMS DM in a full or partial vacuum environment, thereby affecting <span class="hlt">air</span> damping. After vacuum sealing the device's predicted resonant behavior at tens of kilohertz was observed. In vacuum, the actuator's intrinsic material damping is quite small, resulting in considerable oscillation in step response. To alleviate this problem, a two-step actuation algorithm was employed. Precise control of a single actuator frequencies up to 100kHz without overshoot was demonstrated using this approach. Another approach to increasing actuation <span class="hlt">speed</span> was to design actuators that reduce <span class="hlt">air</span> damping effects. This is also demonstrated in the paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011475','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011475"><span>Statistical Short-Range Guidance for Peak Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Forecasts at Edwards <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, CA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dreher, Joseph G.; Crawford, Winifred; Lafosse, Richard; Hoeth, Brian; Burns, Kerry</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The peak winds near the surface are an important forecast element for space shuttle landings. As defined in the Flight Rules (FR), there are peak wind thresholds that cannot be exceeded in order to ensure the safety of the shuttle during landing operations. The National Weather Service Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) is responsible for weather forecasts for all shuttle landings, and is required to issue surface average and 10-minute peak wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> forecasts. They indicate peak winds are a challenging parameter to forecast. To alleviate the difficulty in making such wind forecasts, the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) developed a PC-based graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying peak wind climatology and probabilities of exceeding peak wind thresholds for the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC; Lambert 2003). However, the shuttle occasionally may land at Edwards <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base (EAFB) in southern California when weather conditions at KSC in Florida are not acceptable, so SMG forecasters requested a similar tool be developed for EAFB.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PSST...27d5008S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PSST...27d5008S"><span>Advanced electrical <span class="hlt">current</span> measurements of microdischarges: evidence of sub-critical pulses and ion <span class="hlt">currents</span> in barrier discharge in <span class="hlt">air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Synek, Petr; Zemánek, Miroslav; Kudrle, Vít; Hoder, Tomáš</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Electrical <span class="hlt">current</span> measurements in corona or barrier microdischarges are a challenge as they require both high temporal resolution and a large dynamic range of the <span class="hlt">current</span> probe used. In this article, we apply a simple self-assembled <span class="hlt">current</span> probe and compare it to commercial ones. An analysis in the time and frequency domain is carried out. Moreover, an improved methodology is presented, enabling both temporal resolution in sub-nanosecond times and <span class="hlt">current</span> sensitivity in the order of tens of micro-amperes. Combining this methodology with a high-tech oscilloscope and self-developed software, a unique statistical analysis of <span class="hlt">currents</span> in volume barrier discharge driven in atmospheric-pressure <span class="hlt">air</span> is made for over 80 consecutive periods of a 15 kHz applied voltage. We reveal the presence of repetitive sub-critical <span class="hlt">current</span> pulses and conclude that these can be identified with the discharging of surface charge microdomains. Moreover, extremely low, long-lasting microsecond <span class="hlt">currents</span> were detected which are caused by ion flow, and are analysed in detail. The statistical behaviour presented gives deeper insight into the discharge physics of these usually undetectable <span class="hlt">current</span> signals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14887','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/14887"><span>Reevaluation of Ramp Design <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Criteria</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1999-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Current</span> freeway entry ramp design <span class="hlt">speed</span> criteria were evaluated through observations of twenty ramps in four Texas cities. Field observations of ramp and freeway traffic <span class="hlt">speed</span>-distance relationships were made using videotaping methods. Traffic operat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050207440','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050207440"><span>Experimental Study of the Influence of <span class="hlt">Speed</span> and Load on Thermal Behavior of High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Helical Gear Trains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Handschuh, R.; Kilmain, C.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>An experimental effort has been conducted on an aerospace-quality helical gear train to investigate the thermal behavior of the gear system as <span class="hlt">speed</span>, load, and lubricant flow rate were varied. Temperature test data from a helical gear train at varying <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and loads (to 5000 hp and 15000 rpm) was collected using thermocouple rakes and axial arrays. The instrumentation was able to capture the radial and axial expelled lubricant-<span class="hlt">air</span> environment (fling-off lubricant) that is expelled during the gear meshing process. Effects of operational characteristics are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030028448&hterms=market+target&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dmarket%2Btarget','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030028448&hterms=market+target&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dmarket%2Btarget"><span>Innovative Airbreathing Propulsion Concepts for High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Whitlow, Woodrow, Jr.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">current</span> cost to launch payloads to low earth orbit (LEO) is approximately loo00 U.S. dollars ($) per pound ($22000 per kilogram). This high cost limits our ability to pursue space science and hinders the development of new markets and a productive space enterprise. This enterprise includes NASA's space launch needs and those of industry, universities, the military, and other U.S. government agencies. NASA's Advanced Space Transportation Program (ASTP) proposes a vision of the future where space travel is as routine as in today's commercial <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation systems. Dramatically lower launch costs will be required to make this vision a reality. In order to provide more affordable access to space, NASA has established new goals in its Aeronautics and Space Transportation plan. These goals target a reduction in the cost of launching payloads to LEO to $lo00 per pound ($2200 per kilogram) by 2007 and to $100' per pound by 2025 while increasing safety by orders of magnitude. Several programs within NASA are addressing innovative propulsion systems that offer potential for reducing launch costs. Various <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing propulsion systems <span class="hlt">currently</span> are being investigated under these programs. The NASA Aerospace Propulsion and Power Base Research and Technology Program supports long-term fundamental research and is managed at GLenn Research Center. <span class="hlt">Currently</span> funded areas relevant to space transportation include hybrid hyperspeed propulsion (HHP) and pulse detonation engine (PDE) research. The HHP Program <span class="hlt">currently</span> is addressing rocket-based combined cycle and turbine-based combined cycle systems. The PDE research program has the goal of demonstrating the feasibility of PDE-based hybrid-cycle and combined cycle propulsion systems that meet NASA's aviation and access-to-space goals. The ASTP also is part of the Base Research and Technology Program and is managed at the Marshall Space Flight Center. As technologies developed under the Aerospace Propulsion and Power Base</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174794','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174794"><span>Method and system for determining induction motor <span class="hlt">speed</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Parlos, Alexander G.; Bharadwaj, Raj M.</p> <p>2004-03-30</p> <p>A non-linear, semi-parametric neural network-based adaptive filter is utilized to determine the dynamic <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a rotating rotor within an induction motor, without the explicit use of a <span class="hlt">speed</span> sensor, such as a tachometer, is disclosed. The neural network-based filter is developed using actual motor <span class="hlt">current</span> measurements, voltage measurements, and nameplate information. The neural network-based adaptive filter is trained using an estimated <span class="hlt">speed</span> calculator derived from the actual <span class="hlt">current</span> and voltage measurements. The neural network-based adaptive filter uses voltage and <span class="hlt">current</span> measurements to determine the instantaneous <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a rotating rotor. The neural network-based adaptive filter also includes an on-line adaptation scheme that permits the filter to be readily adapted for new operating conditions during operations.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..DFDP14001V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..DFDP14001V"><span>Andreas Acrivos Dissertation Award: Onset of Dynamic Wetting Failure - The Mechanics of High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Fluid Displacement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vandre, Eric</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Dynamic wetting is crucial to processes where a liquid displaces another fluid along a solid surface, such as the deposition of a coating liquid onto a moving substrate. Dynamic wetting fails when process <span class="hlt">speed</span> exceeds some critical value, leading to incomplete fluid displacement and transient phenomena that impact a variety of applications, such as microfluidic devices, oil-recovery systems, and splashing droplets. Liquid coating processes are particularly sensitive to wetting failure, which can induce <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment and other catastrophic coating defects. Despite the industrial incentives for careful control of wetting behavior, the hydrodynamic factors that influence the transition to wetting failure remain poorly understood from empirical and theoretical perspectives. This work investigates the fundamentals of wetting failure in a variety of systems that are relevant to industrial coating flows. A hydrodynamic model is developed where an advancing fluid displaces a receding fluid along a smooth, moving substrate. Numerical solutions predict the onset of wetting failure at a critical substrate <span class="hlt">speed</span>, which coincides with a turning point in the steady-state solution path for a given set of system parameters. Flow-field analysis reveals a physical mechanism where wetting failure results when capillary forces can no longer support the pressure gradients necessary to steadily displace the receding fluid. Novel experimental systems are used to measure the substrate <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and meniscus shapes associated with the onset of <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment during wetting failure. Using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> visualization techniques, <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment is identified by the elongation of triangular <span class="hlt">air</span> films with system-dependent size. <span class="hlt">Air</span> films become unstable to thickness perturbations and ultimately rupture, leading to the entrainment of <span class="hlt">air</span> bubbles. Meniscus confinement in a narrow gap between the substrate and a stationary plate is shown to delay <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment to higher <span class="hlt">speeds</span> for a variety of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/4708','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/4708"><span>Usefulness of <span class="hlt">current</span> international <span class="hlt">air</span> transport statistics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1999-05-01</p> <p>International <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation is the fastest growing segment of transportation. It performs a major function in the globalization process and is a significant feature of the late 20th century. Public policy regarding international <span class="hlt">air</span> transportati...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010090717','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010090717"><span>Comparison Between Oil-mist and Oil-jet Lubrication of High-<span class="hlt">speed</span>, Small-bore, Angular-contact Ball Bearings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pinel, Stanley I.; Signer, Hans R.; Zaretsky, Erwin V.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Parametric tests were conducted with an optimized 35-mm-bore-angular-contact ball bearing on a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span>, high-temperature bearing tester. Results from both <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil mist lubrication and oil-jet lubrication systems used to lubricate the bearing were compared to <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of 2.5 x 10(exp 6) DN. The maximum obtainable <span class="hlt">speed</span> with <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil mist lubrication is 2.5 x 10(exp 6) DN. Lower bearing temperatures and higher power losses are obtained with oil-jet lubrication than with <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil mist lubrication. Bearing power loss is a direct function of oil flow to the bearing and independent of oil delivery system. For a given oil-flow rate, bearing temperature and power loss increase with increases in <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Bearing life is an inverse function of temperature, the difference in temperature between the individual bearing ring components, and the resultant elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thicknesses. Bearing life is independent of the oil delivery system except as it affects temperature. Cage slip increased with increases in <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Cage slip as high as 7 percent was measured and was generally higher with <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil mist lubrication than with oil-jet lubrication.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008APS..DFD.GA002C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008APS..DFD.GA002C"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Layer Drag Reduction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ceccio, Steven; Elbing, Brian; Winkel, Eric; Dowling, David; Perlin, Marc</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>A set of experiments have been conducted at the US Navy's Large Cavitation Channel to investigate skin-friction drag reduction with the injection of <span class="hlt">air</span> into a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer. Testing was performed on a 12.9 m long flat-plate test model with the surface hydraulically smooth and fully rough at downstream-distance-based Reynolds numbers to 220 million and at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> to 20 m/s. Local skin-friction, near-wall bulk void fraction, and near-wall bubble imaging were monitored along the length of the model. The instrument suite was used to access the requirements necessary to achieve <span class="hlt">air</span> layer drag reduction (ALDR). Injection of <span class="hlt">air</span> over a wide range of <span class="hlt">air</span> fluxes showed that three drag reduction regimes exist when injecting <span class="hlt">air</span>; (1) bubble drag reduction that has poor downstream persistence, (2) a transitional regime with a steep rise in drag reduction, and (3) ALDR regime where the drag reduction plateaus at 90% ± 10% over the entire model length with large void fractions in the near-wall region. These investigations revealed several requirements for ALDR including; sufficient volumetric <span class="hlt">air</span> fluxes that increase approximately with the square of the free-stream <span class="hlt">speed</span>, slightly higher <span class="hlt">air</span> fluxes are needed when the surface tension is reduced, higher <span class="hlt">air</span> fluxes are required for rough surfaces, and the formation of ALDR is sensitive to the inlet condition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=physics+AND+glass&pg=4&id=EJ943425','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=physics+AND+glass&pg=4&id=EJ943425"><span>Experimenting with End-Correction and the <span class="hlt">Speed</span> of Sound</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>LoPresto, Michael C.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>What follows is an alternative to the standard tuning fork and quarter-wave tube <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound experiment. Rather than adjusting the water level in a glass or plastic tube to vary the length of an <span class="hlt">air</span> column, a set of resonance tubes of different lengths is used. The experiment still demonstrates the principles of standing waves in <span class="hlt">air</span> columns…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257176','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257176"><span>Inhibition of bubble coalescence: effects of salt concentration and <span class="hlt">speed</span> of approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Del Castillo, Lorena A; Ohnishi, Satomi; Horn, Roger G</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>Bubble coalescence experiments have been performed using a sliding bubble apparatus, in which mm-sized bubbles in an aqueous electrolyte solution without added surfactant rose toward an <span class="hlt">air</span> meniscus at different <span class="hlt">speeds</span> obtained by varying the inclination of a closed glass cylinder containing the liquid. The coalescence times of single bubbles contacting the meniscus were monitored using a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> camera. Results clearly show that stability against coalescence of colliding <span class="hlt">air</span> bubbles is influenced by both the salt concentration and the approach <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the bubbles. Contrary to the widespread belief that bubbles in pure water are unstable, we demonstrate that bubbles formed in highly purified water and colliding with the meniscus at very slow approach <span class="hlt">speeds</span> can survive for minutes or even hours. At higher <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, bubbles in water only survive for a few seconds, and at still higher <span class="hlt">speeds</span> they coalesce instantly. Addition of a simple electrolyte (KCl) removes the low-<span class="hlt">speed</span> stability and shifts the transition between transient stability and instant coalescence to higher approach <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. At high electrolyte concentration no bubbles were observed to coalesce instantly. These observations are consistent with recent results of Yaminsky et al. (Langmuir 26 (2010) 8061) and the transitions between different regions of behavior are in semi-quantitative agreement with Yaminsky's model. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5285270-idling-speed-control-system-internal-combustion-engine','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5285270-idling-speed-control-system-internal-combustion-engine"><span>Idling <span class="hlt">speed</span> control system of an internal combustion engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Miyazaki, M.; Ishii, M.; Kako, H.</p> <p>1986-09-16</p> <p>This patent describes an idling <span class="hlt">speed</span> control system of an internal combustion engine comprising: a valve device which controls the amount of intake <span class="hlt">air</span> for the engine; an actuator which includes an electric motor for variably controlling the opening of the value device; rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span> detector means for detecting the rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the engine; idling condition detector means for detecting the idling condition of the engine; feedback control means responsive to the detected output of the idling condition detector means for generating feedback control pulses to intermittently drive the electric motor so that the detected rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span> of themore » engine under the idling condition may converge into a target idling rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span>; and control means responsive to the output of detector means that detects an abnormally low rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the engine detected by the rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span> detector means for generating control pulses that do not overlap the feedback control pulses to drive the electric motor in a predetermined direction.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22083971','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22083971"><span>Preparative isolation and purification of antioxidative diarylheptanoid derivatives from Alnus japonica by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lim, Soon Sung; Lee, Min Young; Ahn, Hong Ryul; Choi, Soon Jung; Lee, Jae-Yong; Jung, Sang Hoon</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>This study employed the online HPLC-2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)(+) bioassay to rapidly determine the antioxidant compounds occurring in the crude extract of Alnus japonica. The negative peaks of the ABTS(+) radical scavenging detection system, which indicated the presence of antioxidant activity, were monitored by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 734 nm. The ABTS(+)-based antioxidant activity profile showed that three negative peaks exhibited antioxidant activity. High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) was used for preparative scale separation of the three active peaks from the extract. The purity of the isolated compounds was analyzed by HPLC and their structures were identified by (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC). Two solvent systems composed of n-hexane/ethylacetate/methanol/water (4:6:4:6, v/v) and of ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.1:1, v/v) were performed in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography. Consequently, a total of 527 mg of hirsutanonol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 80.04 mg of 3-deoxohirsutenonol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and 91.0 mg of hirsutenone were obtained with purity of 94.7, 90.5, and 98.6%, respectively. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643708','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643708"><span>Can anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages based on protection motivation theory influence reported <span class="hlt">speeding</span> intentions?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Glendon, A Ian; Walker, Britta L</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>The study investigated the effects of anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages based on protection motivation theory (PMT) components: severity, vulnerability, rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost, on reported <span class="hlt">speeding</span> intentions. Eighty-three participants aged 18-25 years holding a <span class="hlt">current</span> Australian driver's license completed a questionnaire measuring their reported typical and recent <span class="hlt">speeding</span> behaviors. Comparisons were made between 18 anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages used on Australian roads and 18 new anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages developed from the PMT model. Participants reported their reactions to the 36 messages on the perceived effectiveness of the message for themselves and for the general population of drivers, and also the likelihood of themselves and other drivers driving within the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit after viewing each message. Overall the PMT model-derived anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages were better than jurisdiction-use anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages in influencing participants' reported intention to drive within the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit. Severity and vulnerability were the most effective PMT components for developing anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages. Male participants reported significantly lower intention to drive within the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit than did female participants. However, males reported significantly higher intention to drive within the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit for PMT-derived messages compared with jurisdiction-based messages. Third-person effects were that males reported anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages to be more effective for the general driving population than for themselves. Females reported the opposite effect - that all messages would be more effective for themselves than for the general driving population. Findings provided support for using a sound conceptual basis as an effective foundation for anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> message development as well as for evaluating proposed anti-<span class="hlt">speeding</span> messages on the target driver population. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26608681','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26608681"><span>Combinative application of pH-zone-refining and conventional high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography for preparative separation of caged polyprenylated xanthones from gamboge.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Min; Fu, Wenwei; Zhang, Baojun; Tan, Hongsheng; Xiu, Yanfeng; Xu, Hongxi</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>An efficient method for the preparative separation of four structurally similar caged xanthones from the crude extracts of gamboge was established, which involves the combination of pH-zone-refining counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography and conventional high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography for the first time. pH-zone-refining counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography was performed with the solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (7:3:8:2, v/v/v/v), where 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and 0.03% triethylamine was added to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter. From 3.157 g of the crude extract, 1.134 g of gambogic acid, 180.5 mg of gambogenic acid and 572.9 mg of a mixture of two other caged polyprenylated xanthones were obtained. The mixture was further separated by conventional high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography with a solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:5:10:5, v/v/v/v) and n-hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether/acetonitrile/water (8:2:6:4,v/v/v/v), yielding 11.6 mg of isogambogenic acid and 10.4 mg of β-morellic acid from 218.0 mg of the mixture, respectively. The purities of all four of the compounds were over 95%, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the chemical structures of the four compounds were confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The combinative application of pH-zone-refining counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography and conventional high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography shows great advantages in isolating and enriching the caged polyprenylated xanthones. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930071540&hterms=Electric+current&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DElectric%2Bcurrent','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930071540&hterms=Electric+current&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DElectric%2Bcurrent"><span>Measurement of direct <span class="hlt">current</span> electric fields and plasma flow <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in Jupiter's magnetosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kellogg, Paul J.; Goetz, K.; Howard, R. L.; Monson, S. J.; Balogh, A.; Forsyth, R. J.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>During the encounter of Ulysses with Jupiter, we have measured two components of the dc electric field and deduced from them the flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> in the Io toms, as well as the presence of a polar cap region end what we interpret as a cleft region. Within the toms the flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> is approximately equal to the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a plasma corotating with Jupiter but has significant deviations. The dominant deviations have an apparent period of the order of Jupiter's rotation period, but this might be a latitudinal effect. Other important periods are about 40 min and less than 25 min.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/8446','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/8446"><span>Assessment of potential aerodynamic effects on personnel and equipment in proximity to high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> train operations : safety of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> ground transportation systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1999-12-01</p> <p>Amtrak is planning to provide high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> passenger train service at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> significantly higher than their <span class="hlt">current</span> top <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 125 mph, and with these higher <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, there are concerns with safety from the aerodynamic effects created by a passing tr...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1241037','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1241037"><span>Systems and methods for vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span> management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sujan, Vivek Anand; Vajapeyazula, Phani; Follen, Kenneth</p> <p></p> <p>Controlling a <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a vehicle based on at least a portion of a route grade and a route distance divided into a plurality of route sections, each including at least one of a section grade and section length. Controlling the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the vehicle is further based on determining a cruise control <span class="hlt">speed</span> mode for the vehicle for each of the plurality of route sections and determining a <span class="hlt">speed</span> reference command of the vehicle based on at least one of the cruise control <span class="hlt">speed</span> mode, the section length, the section grade, and a <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IJBm...51..375H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IJBm...51..375H"><span>Prediction of <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature for thermal comfort of people in outdoor environments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Jianhua</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Current</span> thermal comfort indices do not take into account the effects of wind and body movement on the thermal resistance and vapor resistance of clothing. This may cause public health problem, e.g. cold-related mortality. Based on the energy balance equation and heat exchanges between a clothed body and the outdoor environment, a mathematical model was developed to determine the <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature at which an average adult, wearing a specific outdoor clothing and engaging in a given activity, attains thermal comfort under outdoor environment condition. The results indicated low clothing insulation, less physical activity and high wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> lead to high <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature prediction for thermal comfort. More accurate <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature prediction is able to prevent wearers from hypothermia under cold conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28263647','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28263647"><span>Forgetting induced <span class="hlt">speeding</span>: Can prospective memory failure account for drivers exceeding the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bowden, Vanessa K; Visser, Troy A W; Loft, Shayne</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>It is generally assumed that drivers <span class="hlt">speed</span> intentionally because of factors such as frustration with the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit or general impatience. The <span class="hlt">current</span> study examined whether <span class="hlt">speeding</span> following an interruption could be better explained by unintentional prospective memory (PM) failure. In these situations, interrupting drivers may create a PM task, with <span class="hlt">speeding</span> the result of drivers forgetting their newly encoded intention to travel at a lower <span class="hlt">speed</span> after interruption. Across 3 simulated driving experiments, corrected or uncorrected <span class="hlt">speeding</span> in recently reduced <span class="hlt">speed</span> zones (from 70 km/h to 40 km/h) increased on average from 8% when uninterrupted to 33% when interrupted. Conversely, the probability that participants traveled under their new <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit in recently increased <span class="hlt">speed</span> zones (from 40 km/h to 70 km/h) increased from 1% when uninterrupted to 23% when interrupted. Consistent with a PM explanation, this indicates that interruptions lead to a general failure to follow changed <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits, not just to increased <span class="hlt">speeding</span>. Further testing a PM explanation, Experiments 2 and 3 manipulated variables expected to influence the probability of PM failures and subsequent <span class="hlt">speeding</span> after interruptions. Experiment 2 showed that performing a cognitively demanding task during the interruption, when compared with unfilled interruptions, increased the probability of initially <span class="hlt">speeding</span> from 1% to 11%, but that participants were able to correct (reduce) their <span class="hlt">speed</span>. In Experiment 3, providing participants with 10s longer to encode the new <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit before interruption decreased the probability of uncorrected <span class="hlt">speeding</span> after an unfilled interruption from 30% to 20%. Theoretical implications and implications for road design interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/29154','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/29154"><span>Higher <span class="hlt">speed</span> freight truck : vehicle dynamics analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Previously, Sharma & Associates, Inc. (SA) developed a higher <span class="hlt">speed</span> freight truck design under sponsorship of the Federal : Railroad Administration. Under the <span class="hlt">current</span> contract, SA was tasked with developing performance requirements for higher <span class="hlt">speed</span> :...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4211269','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4211269"><span>Purification of Proteins From Cell-Culture Medium or Cell-Lysate by High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Counter-<span class="hlt">Current</span> Chromatography Using Cross-Axis Coil Planet Centrifuge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shibusawa, Yoichi; Ito, Yoichiro</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This review describes protein purifications from cell culture medium or cell-lysate by high <span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography using the cross-axis coil planet centrifuge. Purifications were performed using aqueous two phase systems composed of polyethylene glycols and dextrans. PMID:25360182</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900019221','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900019221"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport study: Special factors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Studies relating to environmental factors associated with high <span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transports were conducted. Projected total engine emissions for year 2015 fleets of several subsonic/supersonic transport fleet scenarios, discussion of sonic boom reduction methods, discussion of community noise level requirements, fuels considerations, and <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic control impact are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPA....6c5114H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPA....6c5114H"><span>Study on law of negative corona discharge in microparticle-<span class="hlt">air</span> two-phase flow media</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>He, Bo; Li, Tianwei; Xiu, Yaping; Zhao, Heng; Peng, Zongren; Meng, Yongpeng</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>To study the basic law of negative corona discharge in solid particle-<span class="hlt">air</span> two-phase flow, corona discharge experiments in a needle-plate electrode system at different voltage levels and different wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> were carried out in the wind tunnel. In this paper, the change law of average <span class="hlt">current</span> and <span class="hlt">current</span> waveform were analyzed, and the observed phenomena were systematically explained from the perspectives of airflow, particle charging, and particle motion with the help of PIV (particle image velocity) measurements and ultraviolet observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1210133Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1210133Z"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span>-sea fluxes of momentum and mass in the presence of wind waves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zülicke, Christoph</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interaction model (ASIM) is developed including the effect of wind waves on momentum and mass transfer. This includes the derivation of profiles of dissipation rate, flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> and concentration from a certain height to a certain depth. Simplified assumptions on the turbulent closure, skin - bulk matching and the spectral wave model allow for an analytic treatment. Particular emphasis was put on the inclusion of primary (gravity) waves and secondary (capillary-gravity) waves. The model was tuned to match wall-flow theory and data on wave height and slope. Growing waves reduce the <span class="hlt">air</span>-side turbulent stress and lead to an increasing drag coefficient. In the sea, breaking waves inject turbulent kinetic energy and accelerate the transfer. Cross-reference with data on wave-related momentum and energy flux, dissipation rate and transfer velocity was sufficient. The evaluation of ASIM allowed for the analytical calculation of bulk formulae for the wind-dependent gas transfer velocity including information on the <span class="hlt">air</span>-side momentum transfer (drag coefficient) and the sea-side gas transfer (Dalton number). The following regimes have been identified: the smooth waveless regime with a transfer velocity proportional to (wind) × (diffusion)2-3, the primary wave regime with a wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> dependence proportional to (wind)1-4 × (diffusion)1-2-(waveage)1-4 and the secondary wave regime including a more-than-linear wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> dependence like (wind)15-8 × (diffusion)1-2 × (waveage)5-8. These findings complete the <span class="hlt">current</span> understanding of <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interaction for medium winds between 2 and 20 m s^-1.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21195458','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21195458"><span>Application of nonparametric regression methods to study the relationship between NO2 concentrations and local wind direction and <span class="hlt">speed</span> at background sites.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Donnelly, Aoife; Misstear, Bruce; Broderick, Brian</p> <p>2011-02-15</p> <p>Background concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) are not constant but vary temporally and spatially. The <span class="hlt">current</span> paper presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the effects of wind direction and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> on background NO(2) concentrations, particularly in cases where monitoring data are limited. In contrast to previous studies which applied similar methods to sites directly affected by local pollution sources, the <span class="hlt">current</span> study focuses on background sites with the aim of improving methods for predicting background concentrations adopted in <span class="hlt">air</span> quality modelling studies. The relationship between measured NO(2) concentration in <span class="hlt">air</span> at three such sites in Ireland and locally measured wind direction has been quantified using nonparametric regression methods. The major aim was to analyse a method for quantifying the effects of local wind direction on background levels of NO(2) in Ireland. The method was expanded to include wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> as an added predictor variable. A Gaussian kernel function is used in the analysis and circular statistics employed for the wind direction variable. Wind direction and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> were both found to have a statistically significant effect on background levels of NO(2) at all three sites. Frequently environmental impact assessments are based on short term baseline monitoring producing a limited dataset. The presented non-parametric regression methods, in contrast to the frequently used methods such as binning of the data, allow concentrations for missing data pairs to be estimated and distinction between spurious and true peaks in concentrations to be made. The methods were found to provide a realistic estimation of long term concentration variation with wind direction and <span class="hlt">speed</span>, even for cases where the data set is limited. Accurate identification of the actual variation at each location and causative factors could be made, thus supporting the improved definition of background concentrations for use in <span class="hlt">air</span> quality modelling</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810006447','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810006447"><span>Bird flight and airplane flight. [instruments to measure <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">currents</span> and flight characteristics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Magnan, A.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Research was based on a series of mechanical, electrical, and cinematographic instruments developed to measure various features of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">current</span> behavior as well as bird and airplane flight. Investigation of rising obstruction and thermal <span class="hlt">currents</span> led to a theory of bird flight, especially of the gliding and soaring types. It was shown how a knowledge of bird flight can be applied to glider and ultimately motorized aircraft construction. The instruments and methods used in studying stress in airplanes and in comparing the lift to drag ratios of airplanes and birds are described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27700988','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27700988"><span>Preparative separation of cacao bean procyanidins by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Lingxi; Zhang, Shuting; Cui, Yan; Li, Yuanyuan; Luo, Lanxin; Zhou, Peiyu; Sun, Baoshan</p> <p>2016-11-15</p> <p>In this work, an efficient method for preparative separation of procyanidins from raw cacao bean extract by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) was developed. Under the optimized solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-water (1:50:50, v/v/v) with a combination of head-tail and tail-head elution modes, various procyanidins fractions with different polymerization degrees were successfully separated. UPLC, QTOF-MS and 1 H NMR analysis verified that these fractions contained monomer up to pentamer respectively. Dimeric procyanidin B2 (purity>86%) could be isolated by HSCCC in a single run. Other individual procyanidins in these fractions could be further isolated and purified by preparative HPLC. The developed HSCCC together with preparative HPLC techniques appeared to be a useful tool for large preparation of different procyanidins from cacao beans. Furthermore, by antioxidant activity assays, it was proved that both fractions and individual procyanidins possessed greater antioxidant activities compared to standard trolox. The antioxidant activities of procyanidins increase as the increase of their polymerization degree. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100024378','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100024378"><span>Two-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Gearbox Dynamic Simulation Predictions and Test Validation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lewicki, David G.; DeSmidt, Hans; Smith, Edward C.; Bauman, Steven W.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Dynamic simulations and experimental validation tests were performed on a two-stage, two-<span class="hlt">speed</span> gearbox as part of the drive system research activities of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Subsonics Rotary Wing Project. The gearbox was driven by two electromagnetic motors and had two electromagnetic, multi-disk clutches to control output <span class="hlt">speed</span>. A dynamic model of the system was created which included a direct <span class="hlt">current</span> electric motor with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) <span class="hlt">speed</span> control, a two-<span class="hlt">speed</span> gearbox with dual electromagnetically actuated clutches, and an eddy <span class="hlt">current</span> dynamometer. A six degree-of-freedom model of the gearbox accounted for the system torsional dynamics and included gear, clutch, shaft, and load inertias as well as shaft flexibilities and a dry clutch stick-slip friction model. Experimental validation tests were performed on the gearbox in the NASA Glenn gear noise test facility. Gearbox output <span class="hlt">speed</span> and torque as well as drive motor <span class="hlt">speed</span> and <span class="hlt">current</span> were compared to those from the analytical predictions. The experiments correlate very well with the predictions, thus validating the dynamic simulation methodologies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100003381','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100003381"><span>Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Properties of Supersonic Helium-<span class="hlt">Air</span> Jets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Miller, Steven A. E.; Veltin, Jeremy</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Heated high <span class="hlt">speed</span> subsonic and supersonic jets operating on- or off-design are a source of noise that is not yet fully understood. Helium-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures can be used in the correct ratio to simulate the total temperature ratio of heated <span class="hlt">air</span> jets and hence have the potential to provide inexpensive and reliable flow and acoustic measurements. This study presents a combination of flow measurements of helium-<span class="hlt">air</span> high <span class="hlt">speed</span> jets and numerical simulations of similar helium-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture and heated <span class="hlt">air</span> jets. Jets issuing from axisymmetric convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles are investigated, and the results show very strong similarity with heated <span class="hlt">air</span> jet measurements found in the literature. This demonstrates the validity of simulating heated high <span class="hlt">speed</span> jets with helium-<span class="hlt">air</span> in the laboratory, together with the excellent agreement obtained in the presented data between the numerical predictions and the experiments. The very close match between the numerical and experimental data also validates the frozen chemistry model used in the numerical simulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1960g0003B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1960g0003B"><span>Application of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> machining technology in aviation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bałon, Paweł; Szostak, Janusz; Kiełbasa, Bartłomiej; Rejman, Edward; Smusz, Robert</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Aircraft structures are exposed to many loads during their working lifespan. Every particular action made during a flight is composed of a series of <span class="hlt">air</span> movements which generate various aircraft loads. The most rigorous requirement which modern aircraft structures must fulfill is to maintain their high durability and reliability. This requirement involves taking many restrictions into account during the aircraft design process. The most important factor is the structure's overall mass, which has a crucial impact on both utility properties and cost-effectiveness. This makes aircraft one of the most complex results of modern technology. Additionally, there is <span class="hlt">currently</span> an increasing utilization of high strength aluminum alloys, which requires the implementation of new manufacturing processes. High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Machining technology (HSM) is <span class="hlt">currently</span> one of the most important machining technologies used in the aviation industry, especially in the machining of aluminium alloys. The primary difference between HSM and other milling techniques is the ability to select cutting parameters - depth of the cut layer, feed rate, and cutting <span class="hlt">speed</span> in order to simultaneously ensure high quality, precision of the machined surface, and high machining efficiency, all of which shorten the manufacturing process of the integral components. In this paper, the authors explain the implementation of the HSM method in integral aircraft constructions. It presents the method of the airframe manufacturing method, and the final results. The HSM method is compared to the previous method where all subcomponents were manufactured by bending and forming processes, and then, they were joined by riveting.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9130','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9130"><span>Potential scenarios of concern for high <span class="hlt">speed</span> rail operations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-03-16</p> <p><span class="hlt">Currently</span>, multiple operating authorities are proposing the : introduction of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail service in the United States. : While high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail service shares a number of basic : principles with conventional-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail service, the operational : ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1347533','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1347533"><span>High <span class="hlt">speed</span>, high <span class="hlt">current</span> pulsed driver circuit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Carlen, Christopher R.</p> <p>2017-03-21</p> <p>Various technologies presented herein relate to driving a LED such that the LED emits short duration pulses of light. This is accomplished by driving the LED with short duration, high amplitude <span class="hlt">current</span> pulses. When the LED is driven by short duration, high amplitude <span class="hlt">current</span> pulses, the LED emits light at a greater amplitude compared to when the LED is driven by continuous wave <span class="hlt">current</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11394269','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11394269"><span>Modelling the global efficiency of dissolved <span class="hlt">air</span> flotation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leppinen, D M; Dalziel, S B; Linden, P F</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this paper is to examine how the efficiency of dissolved <span class="hlt">air</span> flotation is affected by the size of bubbles and particles. The rise <span class="hlt">speed</span> of bubble/particle agglomerates is modelled as a function of bubble and particle size, while the kinematics of the bubble attachment process is modelled using the population balance approach adopted by Matsui, Fukushi and Tambo. It is found that flotation, in general, is enhanced by the use of larger particles and larger bubbles. In particular, it is concluded that for the ultra-high surface loading rates of 25 m/hr or more planned for future flotation tanks, bubble size will have to be increased by a factor of two over the size <span class="hlt">currently</span> employed in many facilities during dissolved <span class="hlt">air</span> flotation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1236371','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1236371"><span>Prototype Systems for Measuring Outdoor <span class="hlt">Air</span> Intake Rates in Rooftop <span class="hlt">Air</span> Handlers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Fisk, William J.; Chan, Wanyu R.; Hotchi, Toshifumi</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The widespread absence of systems for real-time measurement and feedback control, of minimum outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> intake rates in HVAC systems contributes to the poor control of ventilation rates in commercial buildings. Ventilation rates affect building energy consumption and influence occupant health. The project designed fabricated and tested four prototypes of systems for measuring rates of outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> intake into roof top <span class="hlt">air</span> handlers. All prototypes met the ±20% accuracy target at low wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, with all prototypes accurate within approximately ±10% after application of calibration equations. One prototype met the accuracy target without a calibration. With two of four prototypemore » measurement systems, there was no evidence that wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> or direction affected accuracy; however, winds <span class="hlt">speeds</span> were generally below usually 3.5 m s -1 (12.6 km h -1) and further testing is desirable. The airflow resistance of the prototypes was generally less than 35 Pa at maximum RTU <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rates. A pressure drop of this magnitude will increase fan energy consumption by approximately 4%. The project did not have resources necessary to estimate costs of mass produced systems. The retail cost of components and materials used to construct prototypes ranged from approximately $1,200 to $1,700. The test data indicate that the basic designs developed in this project, particularly the designs of two of the prototypes, have considerable merit. Further design refinement, testing, and cost analysis would be necessary to fully assess commercial potential. The designs and test results will be communicated to the HVAC manufacturing community.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3915799','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3915799"><span>Are <span class="hlt">Current</span> Law Enforcement Strategies Associated with a Lower Risk of Repeat <span class="hlt">Speeding</span> Citations and Crash Involvement? A Longitudinal Study of <span class="hlt">Speeding</span> Maryland Drivers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Amr, Sania; Braver, Elisa R.; Langenberg, Patricia; Zhan, Min; Smith, Gordon S.; Dischinger, Patricia C.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>PURPOSE To determine whether traffic court appearances and different court verdicts were associated with risk of subsequent <span class="hlt">speeding</span> citations and crashes. METHODS A cohort of 29,754 Maryland drivers ticketed for <span class="hlt">speeding</span> who either went to court or paid fines by mail in May/June 2003 was followed for 3 years. Drivers appearing in court were categorized by verdicts: 1) not guilty, 2) suspension of prosecution/no prosecution (STET/NP), 3) case dismissed, 4) probation before judgment and fines (PBJ), or 5) fines and demerit points. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (AHR). RESULTS Court appearances were associated with lower risk of subsequent <span class="hlt">speeding</span> citations (AHR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88-0.96), but higher risk of crashes (AHR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.16-1.35). PBJ was associated with significantly lower repeat <span class="hlt">speeding</span> tickets (AHR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.75-0.91) and a non-significant decrease in crashes (AHR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.75-1.02). Both repeat <span class="hlt">speeding</span> tickets and subsequent crashes were significantly lower in the STET/NP group. CONCLUSIONS PBJ and STET/NP may reduce <span class="hlt">speeding</span> and crashes, but neither verdict eliminated excess crash risk among drivers who choose court appearances. Randomized controlled evaluations of <span class="hlt">speeding</span> countermeasures are needed to inform traffic safety policies. PMID:21684176</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V51E3073R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V51E3073R"><span>Entrainment of <span class="hlt">Air</span> into Vertical Jets in a Crosswind</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roberts, K. K.; Solovitz, S.; Freedland, G.; Camp, E.; Cal, R. B.; Mastin, L. G.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>During volcanic eruptions, ash concentration must be determined for aviation safety, but the limiting threshold is difficult to distinguish visually. Computational models are typically used to predict ash concentrations, using inputs such as plume height, eruptive duration, and wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. The models also depend on empirical parameters, such as the entrainment of atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> as a ratio of the <span class="hlt">air</span> inflow <span class="hlt">speed</span> and the jet <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Entrainment of atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> plays a critical role in the behavior of volcanic plumes in the atmosphere, impacting the mass flow rate, buoyancy, and particle concentration of the plume. This process is more complex in a crosswind, leading to greater uncertainty in the model results. To address these issues, a laboratory-scale study has been conducted to improve the entrainment models. Observations of a vertical, unconfined jet are performed using Particle Image Velocimetry, while varying jet density using different compressed gases and Reynolds number. To test the effects of a crosswind on plume entrainment rates, these are then compared with similar jet experiments in a wind tunnel. A series of jet geometries, jet <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and tunnel <span class="hlt">speeds</span> are considered. The measured velocities are used to determine the entrainment response, which can be used to determine ash concentration over time as atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> is entrained into the plume. We also quantify the mean and the fluctuations in flow velocity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22413396-hdr-sup-ir-source-speed-measurements-using-high-speed-video-camera','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22413396-hdr-sup-ir-source-speed-measurements-using-high-speed-video-camera"><span>HDR {sup 192}Ir source <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements using a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> video camera</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Fonseca, Gabriel P.; Viana, Rodrigo S. S.; Yoriyaz, Hélio</p> <p></p> <p>Purpose: The dose delivered with a HDR {sup 192}Ir afterloader can be separated into a dwell component, and a transit component resulting from the source movement. The transit component is directly dependent on the source <span class="hlt">speed</span> profile and it is the goal of this study to measure accurate source <span class="hlt">speed</span> profiles. Methods: A high <span class="hlt">speed</span> video camera was used to record the movement of a {sup 192}Ir source (Nucletron, an Elekta company, Stockholm, Sweden) for interdwell distances of 0.25–5 cm with dwell times of 0.1, 1, and 2 s. Transit dose distributions were calculated using a Monte Carlo code simulatingmore » the source movement. Results: The source stops at each dwell position oscillating around the desired position for a duration up to (0.026 ± 0.005) s. The source <span class="hlt">speed</span> profile shows variations between 0 and 81 cm/s with average <span class="hlt">speed</span> of ∼33 cm/s for most of the interdwell distances. The source stops for up to (0.005 ± 0.001) s at nonprogrammed positions in between two programmed dwell positions. The dwell time correction applied by the manufacturer compensates the transit dose between the dwell positions leading to a maximum overdose of 41 mGy for the considered cases and assuming an <span class="hlt">air</span>-kerma strength of 48 000 U. The transit dose component is not uniformly distributed leading to over and underdoses, which is within 1.4% for commonly prescribed doses (3–10 Gy). Conclusions: The source maintains its <span class="hlt">speed</span> even for the short interdwell distances. Dose variations due to the transit dose component are much lower than the prescribed treatment doses for brachytherapy, although transit dose component should be evaluated individually for clinical cases.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040053519','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040053519"><span>Material Properties Governing Co-<span class="hlt">Current</span> Flame Spread: The Effect of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Entrainment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Coutin, Mickael; Rangwala, Ali S.; Torero, Jose L.; Buckley, Steven G.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>A study on the effects of lateral <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment on an upward spreading flame has been conducted. The fuel is a flat PMMA plate of constant length and thickness but variable width. Video images and surface temperatures have allowed establishing the progression of the pyrolyis front and on the flame stand-off distance. These measurements have been incorporated into a theoretical formulation to establish characteristic mass transfer numbers ("B" numbers). The mass transfer number is deemed as a material related parameter that could be used to assess the potential of a material to sustain co-<span class="hlt">current</span> flame spread. The experimental results show that the theoretical formulation fails to describe heat exchange between the flame and the surface. The discrepancies seem to be associated to lateral <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment that lifts the flame off the surface and leads to an over estimation of the local mass transfer number. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements are in the process of being acquired. These measurements are intended to provide insight on the effect of <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment on the flame stand-off distance. A brief description of the methodology to be followed is presented here.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28599','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28599"><span>Evaluating the impacts of proposed <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit increases in Michigan : research spotlight.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Recent proposed <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit legislation led MDOT to evaluate the : states <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit policies and potential alternatives. <span class="hlt">Currently</span>, : Michigan freeways have a maximum <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit of 70 mph for passenger : vehicles and 60 mph for trucks a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920056604&hterms=Functions+helicopter&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFunctions%2Bhelicopter','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920056604&hterms=Functions+helicopter&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFunctions%2Bhelicopter"><span>Helicopter far-field acoustic levels as a function of reduced rotor <span class="hlt">speeds</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mueller, Arnold W.; Lemasurier, Philip; Smith, Charles D.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>This paper will present far-field measured noise levels relative to tests conducted with a model S-76A helicopter. The project was designed to provide supplemental experimental flight data which may be used to further study reduced helicopter rotor <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (and thus, advancing blade-tip Mach number) effects on far-field acoustic levels. The aircraft was flown in straight and level flight while operating with both the rotor <span class="hlt">speed</span> and flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> as test variables. The rotor <span class="hlt">speed</span> was varied over the range of 107 percent of the main-rotor <span class="hlt">speed</span> (NR) to 90 percent NR and with the forward flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> varied over the range of 155 to 35 knots indicated <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>. These conditions produced a wide range of advancing blade-tip Mach numbers to which the noise data are related.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1426097-invited-article-quantitative-imaging-explosions-high-speed-cameras','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1426097-invited-article-quantitative-imaging-explosions-high-speed-cameras"><span>Invited Article: Quantitative imaging of explosions with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cameras</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>McNesby, Kevin L.; Homan, Barrie E.; Benjamin, Richard A.; ...</p> <p>2016-05-31</p> <p>Here, the techniques presented in this paper allow for mapping of temperature, pressure, chemical species, and energy deposition during and following detonations of explosives, using high <span class="hlt">speed</span> cameras as the main diagnostic tool. Additionally, this work provides measurement in the explosive near to far-field (0-500 charge diameters) of surface temperatures, peak <span class="hlt">air</span>-shock pressures, some chemical species signatures, shock energy deposition, and <span class="hlt">air</span> shock formation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26445408','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26445408"><span>Separation and purification of four flavonol diglucosides from the flower of Meconopsis integrifolia by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Yanfei; Han, Yatao; Chen, Keli; Huang, Bisheng; Liu, Yuan</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Flavonoids are the main components of Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch, which is a traditional Tibetan medicine. However, traditional chromatography separation requires a large quantity of raw M. integrifolia and is very time consuming. Herein, we applied high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography in the separation and purification of flavonoids from the ethanol extracts of M. integrifolia flower. Ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (2:3:5, v/v/v) was selected as the optimum solvent system to purify the four components, namely quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyrannosy-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (compound 1, 60 mg), quercetin 3-O-[2'''-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (compound 2, 40 mg), quercetin 3-O-[3'''-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (compound 3, 11 mg), and quercetin 3-O-[6'''-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (compound 4, 16 mg). Among the four compounds, 3 and 4 were new acetylated flavonol diglucosides. After the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography separation, the purities of the four flavonol diglucosides were 98, 95, 90, and 92%, respectively. The structures of these compounds were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502980','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502980"><span>Separation of two major chalcones from Angelica keiskei by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kil, Yun-Seo; Nam, Joo-Won; Lee, Jun; Seo, Eun Kyoung</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Angelica keiskei (Shin-sun cho) is an edible higher plant with the beneficial preventive effects on cancer, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Two bioactive chalcones of Shin-sun cho, xanthoangelol (1) and 4-hydroxyderricin (2), were separated simultaneously by using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-EtOAc-MeOH-H2O (9:5:9:4). Only nonconsuming processes, solvent fractionations and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, were conducted as presteps. Xanthoangelol (1, 35.9 mg, 99.9 % purity at 254 and 365 nm) and 4-hydroxyderricin (2, 4.4 mg, 98.7 % purity at 254 nm and 98.8 % purity at 365 nm) were successfully purified from 70 mg of the processed extract from A. keiskei. The structures of two compounds were confirmed by (1)H- and (13)C-NMR analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/23193','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/23193"><span>On-line high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail defect detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2004-10-01</p> <p>This report presents the results of phase 2 of the project On-line high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail defect detection aimed at improving the reliability and the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of <span class="hlt">current</span> defect detection in rails. Ultrasonic guided waves, traveling in the rail running di...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27433984','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27433984"><span>Separation and purification of astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma by preparative high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Du, Xiping; Dong, Congcong; Wang, Kai; Jiang, Zedong; Chen, Yanhong; Yang, Yuanfan; Chen, Feng; Ni, Hui</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>An effective high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) method was established for the preparative isolation and purification of astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma. With a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-acetone-ethanol-water (1:1:1:1, v/v/v/v), 100mg crude extract of P. rhodozyma was separated to yield 20.6mg of astaxanthin at 92.0% purity. By further one step silica gel column chromatography, the purity reached 99.0%. The chemical structure of astaxanthin was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV spectroscopy scanning, high performance liquid chromatography with a ZORBAX SB-C18 column and a Waters Nova-pak C18 column, and ESI/MS/MS. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9635','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9635"><span>Railroad Embankment Stabilization Demonstration for High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Rail Corridors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-02-09</p> <p>The development of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> railroad corridors in the United States is being considered by Congress as a fuel efficient and economical alternative to <span class="hlt">air</span> or highway passenger travel. The exisiting infrastructure is, in many ways, suitable for freig...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090016163','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090016163"><span>Double Helical Gear Performance Results in High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Gear Trains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Handschuh, Robert F.; Ehinger, Ryan; Sinusas, Eric; Kilmain, Charles</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The operation of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> gearing systems in the transmissions of tiltrotor aircraft has an effect on overall propulsion system efficiency. Recent work has focused on many aspects of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> helical gear trains as would be used in tiltrotor aircraft such as operational characteristics, comparison of analytical predictions to experimental data and the affect of superfinishing on transmission performance. Baseline tests of an aerospace quality system have been conducted in the NASA Glenn High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Helical Gear Train Test Facility and have been described in earlier studies. These earlier tests had utilized single helical gears. The results that will be described in this study are those attained using double helical gears. This type of gear mesh can be configured in this facility to either pump the <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil environment from the center gap between the meshing gears to the outside of tooth ends or in the reverse direction. Tests were conducted with both inward and outward <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil pumping directions. Results are compared to the earlier baseline results of single helical gears.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100029631','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100029631"><span>Double Helical Gear Performance Results in High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Gear Trains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Handschuh, Robert F.; Ehinger, Ryan; Sinusas, Eric; Kilmain, Charles</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The operation of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> gearing systems in the transmissions of tiltrotor aircraft has an effect on overall propulsion system efficiency. Recent work has focused on many aspects of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> helical gear trains as would be used in tiltrotor aircraft such as operational characteristics, comparison of analytical predictions to experimental data and the affect of superfinishing on transmission performance. Baseline tests of an aerospace quality system have been conducted in the NASA Glenn High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Helical Gear Train Test Facility and have been described in earlier studies. These earlier tests had utilized single helical gears. The results that will be described in this study are those attained using double helical gears. This type of gear mesh can be configured in this facility to either pump the <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil environment from the center gap between the meshing gears to the outside of tooth ends or in the reverse direction. Tests were conducted with both inward and outward <span class="hlt">air</span>-oil pumping directions. Results are compared to the earlier baseline results of single helical gears.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1945b0074J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1945b0074J"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">current</span> and travel <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation of TIG welding on microstructure and hardness of stainless steel SS 316L</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jatimurti, Wikan; Abdillah, Fakhri Aulia; Kurniawan, Budi Agung; Rochiem, Rochman</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>One of the stainless steel types that widely used in industry is SS 316L, which is austenitic stainless steel. One of the welding methods to join stainless steel is Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), which can affect its morphology, microstructure, strength, hardness, and even lead to cracks in the weld area due to the given heat input. This research has a purpose of analyzing the relationship between microstructure and hardness value of SS 316L stainless steel after TIG welding with the variation of <span class="hlt">current</span> and travel <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The macro observation shows a distinct difference in the weld metal and base metal area, and the weld form is not symmetrical. The metallographic test shows the phases that formed in the specimen are austenite and ferrite, which scattered in three welding areas. The hardness test showed that the highest hardness value found in the variation of travel <span class="hlt">speed</span> 12 cm/min with <span class="hlt">current</span> 100 A. Welding process and variation were given do not cause any defects in the microstructure, such as carbide precipitation and sigma phase, means that it does not affect the hardness and corrosion resistance of all welded specimen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA589713','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA589713"><span>High Efficiency Variable <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Versatile Power <span class="hlt">Air</span> Conditioning System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-08-08</p> <p>Design concept applicable for wide range of HVAC and refrigeration systems • One TXV size can be used for a wide range of cooling capacity...versatility, can run from AC and DC sources Cooling load adaptive, variable <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Fully operable up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY...ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 High Efficiency HVAC &R Technology</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JFM...478..125T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JFM...478..125T"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> entrapment under an impacting drop</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thoroddsen, S. T.; Etoh, T. G.; Takehara, K.</p> <p>2003-03-01</p> <p>When a drop impacts on a liquid surface it entraps a small amount of <span class="hlt">air</span> under its centre as the two liquid surfaces meet. The contact occurs along a ring enclosing a thin disk of <span class="hlt">air</span>. We use the next-generation ultra-high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video camera, capable of 1 million f.p.s. (Etoh et al. 2002), to study the dynamics of this <span class="hlt">air</span> sheet as it contracts due to surface tension, to form a bubble or, more frequently, splits into two bubbles. During the contraction of the <span class="hlt">air</span> disk an azimuthal undulation, resembling a pearl necklace, develops along its edge. The contraction <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the sheet is accurately described by a balance between inertia and surface tension. The average initial thickness of the <span class="hlt">air</span> sheet decreases with higher impact Reynolds numbers, becoming less than one micron. The total volume of <span class="hlt">air</span> entrapped depends strongly on the bottom curvature of the drop at impact. A sheet of micro-bubbles is often observed along the original interface. Oguz Prosperetti bubble rings are also observed. For low Weber numbers (We<20) a variety of other entrapment phenomena appear.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMEP...27.2381S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMEP...27.2381S"><span>Effect of Sputtering <span class="hlt">Current</span> on the Comprehensive Properties of (Ti,Al)N Coating and High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Steel Substrate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Su, Yongyao; Tian, Liangliang; Hu, Rong; Liu, Hongdong; Feng, Tong; Wang, Jinbiao</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>To improve the practical property of (Ti,Al)N coating on a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> steel (HSS) substrate, a series of sputtering <span class="hlt">currents</span> were used to obtain several (Ti,Al)N coatings using a magnetron sputtering equipment. The phase structure, morphology, and components of (Ti,Al)N coatings were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The performance of (Ti,Al)N coatings, adhesion, hardness, and wear resistance was tested using a scratch tester, micro/nanohardness tester, and tribometer, respectively. Based on the structure-property relationships of (Ti,Al)N coatings, the results show that both the Al content and deposition temperature of (Ti,Al)N coatings increased with sputtering <span class="hlt">current</span>. A high Al content helped to improve the performance of (Ti,Al)N coatings. However, the HSS substrate was softened during the high sputtering <span class="hlt">current</span> treatment. Therefore, the optimum sputtering <span class="hlt">current</span> was determined as 2.5 A that effectively increased the hardness and wear resistance of (Ti,Al)N coating.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17..925D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17..925D"><span>In situ measurements of wind and <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> and relationship between output power and turbulence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Duran Medina, Olmo; Schmitt, François G.; Sentchev, Alexei; Calif, Rudy</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>In a context of energy transition, wind and tidal energy are sources of clean energy with the potential of partially satisfying the growing demand. The main problem of this type of energy, and other types of renewable energy remains the discontinuity of the electric power produced in different scales, inducing large fluctuations also called intermittency. This intermittency of wind and tidal energy is inherent to the turbulent nature of wind and marine <span class="hlt">currents</span>. We consider this intermittent power production in strong relation with the turbulent intermittency of the resource. The turbulence theory is multifractal energy cascades models, a classic in physics of turbulence. From earlier studies in atmospheric sciences, we learn that wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and the aggregate power output are intermittent and multifractal over a wide range of scales [Calif and Schmitt 2014]. We want to extend this study to a marine <span class="hlt">current</span> turbine and compare the scaling properties for those renewable energy sources. We consider here coupling between simultaneous velocity time series and output power from a wind turbine and a marine <span class="hlt">current</span> turbine. Wind turbine data were obtained from Denmark and marine <span class="hlt">current</span> data from Western Scheldt, Belgium where a prototype of a vertical and horizontal marine <span class="hlt">current</span> turbines are tested. After an estimation of their Fourier density power spectra, we study their scaling properties in Kolmogorov's theory and the framework of fully developed turbulence. Hence, we employ a Hilbert-based methodology, namely arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis [Calif et al. 2013a, 2013b] to characterize the intermittent property of the wind and marine <span class="hlt">current</span> velocity in order to characterize the intermittent nature of the fluid. This method is used in order to obtain the spectrum and the corresponding power law for non-linear and non-stationary time series. The goal is to study the non-linear transfer characteristics in a multi-scale and multi-intensity framework.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NRL....12..404C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NRL....12..404C"><span>Sliding <span class="hlt">Speed</span>-Dependent Tribochemical Wear of Oxide-Free Silicon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Lei; Qi, Yaqiong; Yu, Bingjun; Qian, Linmao</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Fundamental understanding of tribochemical wear mechanism of oxide-free single crystalline silicon (without native oxide layer) is essential to optimize the process of ultra-precision surface manufacturing. Here, we report sliding <span class="hlt">speed</span>-dependent nanowear of oxide-free silicon against SiO2 microspheres in <span class="hlt">air</span> and in deionized water. When contact pressure is too low to induce Si yield, tribochemical wear occurs with the existence of water molecules and wear volume decreases logarithmically to constant as sliding <span class="hlt">speed</span> increased. TEM and Raman observations indicate that the dynamics of rupture and reformation of interfacial bonding bridges result in the variation of tribochemical wear of the oxide-free Si with the increase of sliding <span class="hlt">speed</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042279','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042279"><span>Optical <span class="hlt">air</span> data systems and methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Caldwell, Loren M. (Inventor); Tang, Shoou-yu (Inventor); O'Brien, Martin (Inventor)</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Systems and methods for sensing <span class="hlt">air</span> outside a moving aircraft are presented. In one embodiment, a system includes a laser for generating laser energy. The system also includes one or more transceivers for projecting the laser energy as laser radiation to the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Subsequently, each transceiver receives laser energy as it is backscattered from the <span class="hlt">air</span>. A computer processes signals from the transceivers to distinguish molecular scattered laser radiation from aerosol scattered laser radiation and determines one or more <span class="hlt">air</span> parameters based on the scattered laser radiation. Such <span class="hlt">air</span> parameters may include <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure, <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and aircraft orientation angle, such as yaw, angle of attack and sideslip.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090002656','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090002656"><span>Optical <span class="hlt">air</span> data systems and methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Caldwell, Loren M. (Inventor); O'Brien, Martin J. (Inventor); Weimer, Carl S. (Inventor); Nelson, Loren D. (Inventor)</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Systems and methods for sensing <span class="hlt">air</span> outside a moving aircraft are presented. In one embodiment, a system includes a laser for generating laser energy. The system also includes one or more transceivers for projecting the laser energy as laser radiation to the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Subsequently, each transceiver receives laser energy as it is backscattered from the <span class="hlt">air</span>. A computer processes signals from the transceivers to distinguish molecular scattered laser radiation from aerosol scattered laser radiation and determines one or more <span class="hlt">air</span> parameters based on the scattered laser radiation. Such <span class="hlt">air</span> parameters may include <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure, <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and aircraft orientation angle, such as yaw, angle of attack and sideslip.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080005084','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080005084"><span>Optical <span class="hlt">air</span> data systems and methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Caldwell, Loren M. (Inventor); O'Brien, Martin J. (Inventor); Weimer, Carl S. (Inventor); Nelson, Loren D. (Inventor)</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Systems and methods for sensing <span class="hlt">air</span> outside a moving aircraft are presented. In one embodiment, a system includes a laser for generating laser energy. The system also includes one or more transceivers for projecting the laser energy as laser radiation to the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Subsequently, each transceiver receives laser energy as it is backscattered from the <span class="hlt">air</span>. A computer processes signals from the transceivers to distinguish molecular scattered laser radiation from aerosol scattered laser radiation and determines one or more <span class="hlt">air</span> parameters based on the scattered laser radiation. Such <span class="hlt">air</span> parameters may include <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure, <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and aircraft orientation angle, such as yaw, angle of attack and sideslip.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17544426','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17544426"><span>A novel robust <span class="hlt">speed</span> controller scheme for PMBLDC motor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thirusakthimurugan, P; Dananjayan, P</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>The design of <span class="hlt">speed</span> and position controllers for permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDC) drive remains as an open problem in the field of motor drives. A precise <span class="hlt">speed</span> control of PMBLDC motor is complex due to nonlinear coupling between winding <span class="hlt">currents</span> and rotor <span class="hlt">speed</span>. In addition, the nonlinearity present in the developed torque due to magnetic saturation of the rotor further complicates this issue. This paper presents a novel control scheme to the conventional PMBLDC motor drive, which aims at improving the robustness by complete decoupling of the design besides minimizing the mutual influence among the <span class="hlt">speed</span> and <span class="hlt">current</span> control loops. The interesting feature of this robust control scheme is its suitability for both static and dynamic aspects. The effectiveness of the proposed robust <span class="hlt">speed</span> control scheme is verified through simulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS23B2025O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS23B2025O"><span>Field Observations of Coastal <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ortiz-Suslow, D. G.; Haus, B. K.; Williams, N. J.; Graber, H. C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>In the nearshore zone wind, waves, and <span class="hlt">currents</span> generated from different forcing mechanisms converge in shallow water. This can profoundly affect the physical nature of the ocean surface, which can significantly modulate the exchange of momentum, heat, and mass across the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interface. For decades, the focus of <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interaction research has been on the open ocean while the shallow water regime has been relatively under-explored. This bears implications for efforts to understand and model various coastal processes, such as mixing, surface transport, and <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas flux. The results from a recent study conducted at the New River Inlet in North Carolina showed that directly measured <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea flux parameters, such as the atmospheric drag coefficient, are strong functions of space as well as the ambient conditions (i.e. wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and direction). The drag is typically used to parameterize the wind stress magnitude. It is generally assumed that the wind direction is the direction of the atmospheric forcing (i.e. wind stress), however significant wind stress steering off of the azimuthal wind direction was observed and was found to be related to the horizontal surface <span class="hlt">current</span> shear. The authors have just returned from a field campaign carried out within Monterey Bay in California. Surface observations made from two research vessels were complimented by an array of beach and inland flux stations, high-resolution wind forecasts, and satellite image acquisitions. This is a rich data set and several case studies will be analyzed to highlight the importance of various processes for understanding the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea fluxes. Preliminary findings show that interactions between the local wind-sea and the shoaling, incident swell can have a profound effect on the wind stress magnitude. The Monterey Bay coastline contains a variety of topographical features and the importance of land-<span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interactions will also be investigated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PlST...20a4021Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PlST...20a4021Y"><span>Influence of arc <span class="hlt">current</span> and pressure on non-chemical equilibrium <span class="hlt">air</span> arc behavior</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yi, WU; Yufei, CUI; Jiawei, DUAN; Hao, SUN; Chunlin, WANG; Chunping, NIU</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The influence of arc <span class="hlt">current</span> and pressure on the non-chemical equilibrium (non-CE) <span class="hlt">air</span> arc behavior of a nozzle structure was investigated based on the self-consistent non-chemical equilibrium model. The arc behavior during both the arc burning and arc decay phases were discussed at different <span class="hlt">currents</span> and different pressures. We also devised the concept of a non-equilibrium parameter for a better understanding of non-CE effects. During the arc burning phase, the increasing <span class="hlt">current</span> leads to a decrease of the non-equilibrium parameter of the particles in the arc core, while the increasing pressure leads to an increase of the non-equilibrium parameter of the particles in the arc core. During the arc decay phase, the non-CE effect will decrease by increasing the arc burning <span class="hlt">current</span> and the nozzle pressure. Three factors together—convection, diffusion and chemical reactions—influence non-CE behavior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102593','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102593"><span><span class="hlt">Current</span> and future climate- and <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution-mediated impacts on human health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Doherty, Ruth M; Heal, Mathew R; Wilkinson, Paul; Pattenden, Sam; Vieno, Massimo; Armstrong, Ben; Atkinson, Richard; Chalabi, Zaid; Kovats, Sari; Milojevic, Ai; Stevenson, David S</p> <p>2009-12-21</p> <p>We describe a project to quantify the burden of heat and ozone on mortality in the UK, both for the present-day and under future emission scenarios. Mortality burdens attributable to heat and ozone exposure are estimated by combination of climate-chemistry modelling and epidemiological risk assessment. Weather forecasting models (WRF) are used to simulate the driving meteorology for the EMEP4UK chemistry transport model at 5 km by 5 km horizontal resolution across the UK; the coupled WRF-EMEP4UK model is used to simulate daily surface temperature and ozone concentrations for the years 2003, 2005 and 2006, and for future emission scenarios. The outputs of these models are combined with evidence on the ozone-mortality and heat-mortality relationships derived from epidemiological analyses (time series regressions) of daily mortality in 15 UK conurbations, 1993-2003, to quantify present-day health burdens. During the August 2003 heatwave period, elevated ozone concentrations > 200 microg m-3 were measured at sites in London and elsewhere. This and other ozone photochemical episodes cause breaches of the UK <span class="hlt">air</span> quality objective for ozone. Simulations performed with WRF-EMEP4UK reproduce the August 2003 heatwave temperatures and ozone concentrations. There remains day-to-day variability in the high ozone concentrations during the heatwave period, which on some days may be explained by ozone import from the European continent.Preliminary calculations using extended time series of spatially-resolved WRF-EMEP4UK model output suggest that in the summers (May to September) of 2003, 2005 & 2006 over 6000 deaths were attributable to ozone and around 5000 to heat in England and Wales. The regional variation in these deaths appears greater for heat-related than for ozone-related burdens.Changes in UK health burdens due to a range of future emission scenarios will be quantified. These future emissions scenarios span a range of possible futures from assuming <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> quality</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhPl...19j3503W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhPl...19j3503W"><span>Open-<span class="hlt">air</span> direct <span class="hlt">current</span> plasma jet: Scaling up, uniformity, and cellular control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, S.; Wang, Z.; Huang, Q.; Lu, X.; Ostrikov, K.</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>Atmospheric-pressure plasma jets are commonly used in many fields from medicine to nanotechnology, yet the issue of scaling the discharges up to larger areas without compromising the plasma uniformity remains a major challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate a homogenous cold <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma glow with a large cross-section generated by a direct <span class="hlt">current</span> power supply. There is no risk of glow-to-arc transitions, and the plasma glow appears uniform regardless of the gap between the nozzle and the surface being processed. Detailed studies show that both the position of the quartz tube and the gas flow rate can be used to control the plasma properties. Further investigation indicates that the residual charges trapped on the inner surface of the quartz tube may be responsible for the generation of the <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma plume with a large cross-section. The spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy reveals that the <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma plume is uniform as it propagates out of the nozzle. The remarkable improvement of the plasma uniformity is used to improve the bio-compatibility of a glass coverslip over a reasonably large area. This improvement is demonstrated by a much more uniform and effective attachment and proliferation of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells on the plasma-treated surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25571069','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25571069"><span>Synthetic optimization of <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine for dental handpieces.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shi, Z Y; Dong, T</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A synthetic optimization of Pelton <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine in dental handpieces concerning the power output, compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> consumption and rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span> in the mean time is implemented by employing a standard design procedure and variable limitation from practical dentistry. The Pareto optimal solution sets acquired by using the Normalized Normal Constraint method are mainly comprised of two piecewise continuous parts. On the Pareto frontier, the supply <span class="hlt">air</span> stagnation pressure stalls at the lower boundary of the design space, the rotation <span class="hlt">speed</span> is a constant value within the recommended range from literature, the blade tip clearance insensitive to while the nozzle radius increases with power output and mass flow rate of compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> to which the residual geometric dimensions are showing an opposite trend within their respective "pieces" compared to the nozzle radius.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/34179','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/34179"><span>Aerodynamic Effects of High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Trains on People and Property at Stations in the Northeast Corridor. Safety of High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Ground Transportation Systems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1999-11-01</p> <p>This report presents the results of a study to evaluate the aerodynamic (<span class="hlt">air</span> velocity and pressure) effects of the new high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains on the safety and comfort of people, and the impacts on physical facilities, in and around Northeast Corridor sta...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24444952','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24444952"><span>Isolation of cyanidin 3-glucoside from blue honeysuckle fruits by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Liang; Xin, Xiulan; Lan, Rong; Yuan, Qipeng; Wang, Xiaojie; Li, Ye</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Blue honeysuckle fruits are rich in anthocyanins with many beneficial effects such as reduction of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) was used for the separation of anthocyanin on a preparative scale from blue honeysuckle fruit crude extract with a biphasic solvent system composed of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid (2:2:1:5:0.01, v/v) for the first time in this paper. Each injection of 100 mg crude extract yielded 22.8 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) at 98.1% purity. The compound was identified by means of electro-spray ionisation mass (ESI/MS) and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050186793','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050186793"><span>Changes in Hardware in Order to Accommodate Compliant Foil <span class="hlt">Air</span> Bearings of a Larger Size</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zeszotek, Michelle</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Compliant foil <span class="hlt">air</span> bearings are at the forefront of the Oil-Free turbomachinery revolution of supporting gas turbine engines with <span class="hlt">air</span> lubricated hydrodynamic bearings. Foil <span class="hlt">air</span> bearings have existed for almost fifty years, yet their commercialization has been confined to relatively small, high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> systems characterized by low temperatures and loads, such as in <span class="hlt">air</span> cycle machines, turbocompressors and micro-turbines. Recent breakthroughs in foil <span class="hlt">air</span> bearing design and solid lubricant coating technology, have caused a resurgence of research towards applying Oil-Free technology to more demanding applications on the scale of small and mid range aircraft gas turbine engines. In order to foster the transition of Oil-Free technology into gas turbine engines, in-house experiments need to be performed on foil <span class="hlt">air</span> bearings to further the understanding of their complex operating principles. During my internship at NASA Glenn in the summer of 2003, a series of tests were performed to determine the internal temperature profile in a compliant bump- type foil journal <span class="hlt">air</span> bearing operating at room temperature under various <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and load conditions. From these tests, a temperature profile was compiled, indicating that the circumferential thermal gradients were negligible. The tests further indicated that both journal rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span> and radial load are responsible for heat generation with <span class="hlt">speed</span> playing a more significant role in the magnitude of the temperatures. As a result of the findings from the tests done during the summer of 2003, it was decided that further testing would need to be done, but with a bearing of a larger diameter. The bearing diameter would now be increased from two inches to three inches. All of the <span class="hlt">currently</span> used testing apparatus was designed specifically for a bearing that was two inches in diameter. Thus, my project for the summer of 2004 was to focus specifically on the scatter shield put around the testing rig while running the bearings. Essentially</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=speed&pg=5&id=EJ1037502','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=speed&pg=5&id=EJ1037502"><span>Direct Measurement of the <span class="hlt">Speed</span> of Sound Using a Microphone and a Speaker</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Gómez-Tejedor, José A.; Castro-Palacio, Juan C.; Monsoriu, Juan A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We present a simple and accurate experiment to obtain the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in <span class="hlt">air</span> using a conventional speaker and a microphone connected to a computer. A free open source digital audio editor and recording computer software application allows determination of the time-of-flight of the wave for different distances, from which the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound is…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28942043','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28942043"><span>Modeling pedestrian crossing <span class="hlt">speed</span> profiles considering <span class="hlt">speed</span> change behavior for the safety assessment of signalized intersections.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Iryo-Asano, Miho; Alhajyaseen, Wael K M</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Pedestrian safety is one of the most challenging issues in road networks. Understanding how pedestrians maneuver across an intersection is the key to applying countermeasures against traffic crashes. It is known that the behaviors of pedestrians at signalized crosswalks are significantly different from those in ordinary walking spaces, and they are highly influenced by signal indication, potential conflicts with vehicles, and intersection geometries. One of the most important characteristics of pedestrian behavior at crosswalks is the possible sudden <span class="hlt">speed</span> change while crossing. Such sudden behavioral change may not be expected by conflicting vehicles, which may lead to hazardous situations. This study aims to quantitatively model the sudden <span class="hlt">speed</span> changes of pedestrians as they cross signalized crosswalks under uncongested conditions. Pedestrian <span class="hlt">speed</span> profiles are collected from empirical data and <span class="hlt">speed</span> change events are extracted assuming that the <span class="hlt">speed</span> profiles are stepwise functions. The occurrence of <span class="hlt">speed</span> change events is described by a discrete choice model as a function of the necessary walking <span class="hlt">speed</span> to complete crossing before the red interval ends, <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, and the presence of turning vehicles in the conflict area. The amount of <span class="hlt">speed</span> change before and after the event is modeled using regression analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation is applied for the entire <span class="hlt">speed</span> profile of the pedestrians. The results show that the model can represent the pedestrian travel time distribution more accurately than the constant <span class="hlt">speed</span> model. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970041421','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970041421"><span>Design and Checkout of a High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Research Nozzle Evaluation Rig</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Castner, Raymond S.; Wolter, John D.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>The High Flow Jet Exit Rig (HFJER) was designed to provide simulated mixed flow turbojet engine exhaust for one- seventh scale models of advanced High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Research test nozzles. The new rig was designed to be used at NASA Lewis Research Center in the Nozzle Acoustic Test Rig and the 8x6 Supersonic Wind Tunnel. Capabilities were also designed to collect nozzle thrust measurement, aerodynamic measurements, and acoustic measurements when installed at the Nozzle Acoustic Test Rig. Simulated engine exhaust can be supplied from a high pressure <span class="hlt">air</span> source at 33 pounds of <span class="hlt">air</span> per second at 530 degrees Rankine and nozzle pressure ratios of 4.0. In addition, a combustion unit was designed from a J-58 aircraft engine burner to provide 20 pounds of <span class="hlt">air</span> per second at 2000 degrees Rankine, also at nozzle pressure ratios of 4.0. These airflow capacities were designed to test High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Research nozzles with exhaust areas from eighteen square inches to twenty-two square inches. Nozzle inlet flow measurement is available through pressure and temperature sensors installed in the rig. Research instrumentation on High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Research nozzles is available with a maximum of 200 individual pressure and 100 individual temperature measurements. Checkout testing was performed in May 1997 with a 22 square inch ASME long radius flow nozzle. Checkout test results will be summarized and compared to the stated design goals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19870619','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19870619"><span>AN IMPROVED <span class="hlt">AIR</span>-DRIVEN TYPE OF ULTRACENTRIFUGE FOR MOLECULAR SEDIMENTATION.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bauer, J H; Pickels, E G</p> <p>1937-03-31</p> <p>1. A description is given of the construction details and operation characteristics of an improved type of <span class="hlt">air</span>-driven ultracentrifuge operating in vacuum and suitable for the determination of sedimentation constants of protein molecules. 2. The rotor of the centrifuge is made of a forged aluminum alloy; it is oval in shape, measures 185 mm. at its greatest diameter, and weighs 3,430 gm. It carries a transparent cell located at a distance of 65 mm. from the axis of rotation and designed to accommodate a fluid column 15 mm. high. 3. The rotor has been run repeatedly over long periods at a <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 60,000 R.P.M., which corresponds to a centrifugal force of 260,000 times gravity in the center of the cell. At this <span class="hlt">speed</span> no deformation of the rotor nor leakage of the cell has been observed. 4. The sharp definition of sedimentation photographs taken at high <span class="hlt">speed</span> serves to indicate the absence of detectable vibrations in the centrifuge. 5. When a vacuum of less than 1 micron of mercury is maintained in the centrifuge chamber, the rise in the rotor temperature amounts to only 1 or 2 degrees C. after several hours' run at high <span class="hlt">speed</span>. 6. There has been no evidence of convection <span class="hlt">currents</span> interfering with normal sedimentation of protein molecules in the centrifugal field. 7. A driving <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure of about 18 pounds per square inch is sufficient to maintain the centrifuge at a steady <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 60,000 R.P.M. With a driving pressure of 80 pounds per square inch, it can be accelerated to this <span class="hlt">speed</span> in less than 20 minutes, and also brought to rest in about the same length of time by the application of the braking system. 8. The adaptation of Svedberg's optical systems to this centrifuge for photographically recording the movement of sedimentation boundaries is described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2133506','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2133506"><span>AN IMPROVED <span class="hlt">AIR</span>-DRIVEN TYPE OF ULTRACENTRIFUGE FOR MOLECULAR SEDIMENTATION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bauer, Johannes H.; Pickels, Edward G.</p> <p>1937-01-01</p> <p>1. A description is given of the construction details and operation characteristics of an improved type of <span class="hlt">air</span>-driven ultracentrifuge operating in vacuum and suitable for the determination of sedimentation constants of protein molecules. 2. The rotor of the centrifuge is made of a forged aluminum alloy; it is oval in shape, measures 185 mm. at its greatest diameter, and weighs 3,430 gm. It carries a transparent cell located at a distance of 65 mm. from the axis of rotation and designed to accommodate a fluid column 15 mm. high. 3. The rotor has been run repeatedly over long periods at a <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 60,000 R.P.M., which corresponds to a centrifugal force of 260,000 times gravity in the center of the cell. At this <span class="hlt">speed</span> no deformation of the rotor nor leakage of the cell has been observed. 4. The sharp definition of sedimentation photographs taken at high <span class="hlt">speed</span> serves to indicate the absence of detectable vibrations in the centrifuge. 5. When a vacuum of less than 1 micron of mercury is maintained in the centrifuge chamber, the rise in the rotor temperature amounts to only 1 or 2°C. after several hours' run at high <span class="hlt">speed</span>. 6. There has been no evidence of convection <span class="hlt">currents</span> interfering with normal sedimentation of protein molecules in the centrifugal field. 7. A driving <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure of about 18 pounds per square inch is sufficient to maintain the centrifuge at a steady <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 60,000 R.P.M. With a driving pressure of 80 pounds per square inch, it can be accelerated to this <span class="hlt">speed</span> in less than 20 minutes, and also brought to rest in about the same length of time by the application of the braking system. 8. The adaptation of Svedberg's optical systems to this centrifuge for photographically recording the movement of sedimentation boundaries is described. PMID:19870619</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16575583','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16575583"><span>An objective classification system of <span class="hlt">air</span> mass types for Szeged, Hungary, with special attention to plant pollen levels.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Makra, László; Juhász, Miklós; Mika, János; Bartzokas, Aristides; Béczi, Rita; Sümeghy, Zoltán</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>This paper discusses the characteristic <span class="hlt">air</span> mass types over the Carpathian Basin in relation to plant pollen levels over annual pollination periods. Based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts dataset, daily sea-level pressure fields analysed at 00 UTC were prepared for each <span class="hlt">air</span> mass type (cluster) in order to relate sea-level pressure patterns to pollen levels in Szeged, Hungary. The database comprises daily values of 12 meteorological parameters and daily pollen concentrations of 24 species for their pollination periods from 1997 to 2001. Characteristic <span class="hlt">air</span> mass types were objectively defined via factor analysis and cluster analysis. According to the results, nine <span class="hlt">air</span> mass types (clusters) were detected for pollination periods of the year corresponding to pollen levels that appear with higher concentration when irradiance is moderate while wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is moderate or high. This is the case when an anticyclone prevails in the region west of the Carpathian Basin and when Hungary is under the influence of zonal <span class="hlt">currents</span> (wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is high). The sea level pressure systems associated with low pollen concentrations are mostly similar to those connected to higher pollen concentrations, and arise when wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is low or moderate. Low pollen levels occur when an anticyclone prevails in the region west of the Carpathian Basin, as well as when an anticyclone covers the region with Hungary at its centre. Hence, anticyclonic or anticyclonic ridge weather situations seem to be relevant in classifying pollen levels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730023375','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730023375"><span>Redundant <span class="hlt">speed</span> control for brushless Hall effect motor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nola, F. J. (Inventor)</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">speed</span> control system for a brushless Hall effect device equipped direct <span class="hlt">current</span> (D.C.) motor is described. Separate windings of the motor are powered by separate <span class="hlt">speed</span> responsive power sources. A change in <span class="hlt">speed</span>, upward or downward, because of the failure of a component of one of the power sources results in a corrective signal being generated in the other power source to supply an appropriate power level and polarity to one winding to cause the motor to be corrected in <span class="hlt">speed</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080030208&hterms=unique+research+study&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dunique%2Bresearch%2Bstudy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080030208&hterms=unique+research+study&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dunique%2Bresearch%2Bstudy"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Study Using Satellites - <span class="hlt">Current</span> Capability and Future Plans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bhartia, Pawan K.; Joiner, Joanna; Gleason, James; Liu, Xiong; Torres, Omar; Krotkov, Nickolay; Ziemke, Jerry; Chandra, Sushil</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Satellite instruments have had great success in monitoring the stratospheric ozone and in understanding the processes that control its daily to decadal scale variations. This field is now reaching its zenith with a number of satellite instruments from the US, Europe and Canada capping several decades of active research in this field. The primary public policy imperative of this research was to make reliable prediction of increases in biologically active surface UV radiation due to human activity. By contrast retrieval from satellite data of atmospheric constituents and photo-chemically active radiation that affect <span class="hlt">air</span> quality is a new and growing field that is presenting us with unique challenges in measurement and data interpretation. A key distinction compared to stratospheric sensors is the greatly enhanced role of clouds, aerosols, and surfaces (CAS) in determining the quality and quantity of useful data that is available for <span class="hlt">air</span> quality research. In our presentation we will use data from several sensors that are <span class="hlt">currently</span> flying on the A-train satellite constellation, including OMI, MODIS, CLOUDSAT, and CALIPSO, to highlight that CAS can have both positive and negative effects on the information content of satellite measurements. This is in sharp contrast to other fields of remote sensing where CAS are usually considered an interference except in those cases when they are the primary subject of study. Our analysis has revealed that in the reflected wavelengths one often sees much further down into the atmosphere, through most cirrus, than one does in the emitted wavelengths. The lower level clouds provide a nice background against which one can track long-range transport of trace gases and aerosols. In addition, differences in trace gas columns estimated over cloudy and adjacent clear pixels can be used to measure boundary layer trace gases. However, in order to take full advantage of these features it will be necessary to greatly advance our understanding of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430989','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430989"><span>Flight metabolism in relation to <span class="hlt">speed</span> in Chiroptera: testing the U-shape paradigm in the short-tailed fruit bat Carollia perspicillata.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>von Busse, Rhea; Swartz, Sharon M; Voigt, Christian C</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>Aerodynamic theory predicts that flight for fixed-wing aircraft requires more energy at low and high <span class="hlt">speeds</span> compared with intermediate <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, and this theory has often been extended to predict <span class="hlt">speed</span>-dependent metabolic rates and optimal flight <span class="hlt">speeds</span> for flying animals. However, the theoretical U-shaped flight power curve has not been robustly tested for Chiroptera, the only mammals capable of flapping flight. We examined the metabolic rate of seven Seba's short-tailed fruit bats (Carollia perspicillata) during unrestrained flight in a wind tunnel at <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speeds</span> from 1 to 7 m s(-1). Following intra-peritoneal administration of (13)C-labeled Na-bicarbonate, we measured the enrichment in (13)C of exhaled breath before and after flight. We converted fractional turnover of (13)C into metabolic rate and power, based on the assumption that bats oxidized glycogen during short flights. Power requirements of flight varied with <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> in a U-shaped manner in five out of seven individuals, whereas energy turnover was not related to <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> in two individuals. Power requirements of flight were close to values predicted by Pennycuick's aerodynamic model for minimum power <span class="hlt">speed</span>, but differed for maximum range <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The results of our experiment support the theoretical expectation of a U-shaped power curve for flight metabolism in a bat.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7164490-high-speed-flight-propulsion-systems-progress-astronautics-aeronautics-vol','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7164490-high-speed-flight-propulsion-systems-progress-astronautics-aeronautics-vol"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> flight propulsion systems. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics. Vol. 137</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Murthy, S.N.B.; Curran, E.T.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Various papers on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> flight propulsion systems are presented. The topics addressed are: propulsion systems from takeoff to high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> flight, propulsion system performance and integration for high Mach <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing flight, energy analysis of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> flight systems, waves and thermodynamics in high Mach number propulsive ducts, turbulent free shear layer mixing and combustion, turbulent mixing in supersonic combustion systems, mixing and mixing enhancement in supersonic reacting flowfields, study of combustion and heat-exchange processes in high-enthalpy short-duration facilities, and facility requirements for hypersonic propulsion system testing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050214864','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050214864"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span>, High-Temperature Finger Seal Test Evaluated</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Proctor, Margaret P.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>A finger seal, designed and fabricated by Honeywell Engines, Systems and Services, was tested at the NASA Glenn Research Center at surface <span class="hlt">speeds</span> up to 1200 ft/s, <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures up to 1200 F, and pressures across the seal of 75 psid. These are the first test results obtained with NASA s new High-Temperature, High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Turbine Seal Test Rig (see the photograph). The finger seal is an innovative design recently patented by AlliedSignal Engines, which has demonstrated considerably lower leakage than commonly used labyrinth seals and is considerably cheaper than brush seals. The cost to produce finger seals is estimated to be about half of the cost to produce brush seals. Replacing labyrinth seals with fingers seals at locations that have high-pressure drops in gas turbine engines, typically main engine and thrust seals, can reduce <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage at each location by 50 percent or more. This directly results in a 0.7- to 1.4-percent reduction in specific fuel consumption and a 0.35- to 0.7-percent reduction in direct operating costs . Because the finger seal is a contacting seal, this testing was conducted to address concerns about its heat generation and life capability at the higher <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and temperatures required for advanced engines. The test results showed that the seal leakage and wear performance are acceptable for advanced engines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28953246','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28953246"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Effects on Human Health and Approaches for Its Assessment through Microfluidic Chips.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schulze, Frank; Gao, Xinghua; Virzonis, Darius; Damiati, Samar; Schneider, Marlon R; Kodzius, Rimantas</p> <p>2017-09-27</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> quality depends on the various gases and particles present in it. Both natural phenomena and human activities affect the cleanliness of <span class="hlt">air</span>. In the last decade, many countries experienced an unprecedented industrial growth, resulting in changing <span class="hlt">air</span> quality values, and correspondingly, affecting our life quality. <span class="hlt">Air</span> quality can be accessed by employing microchips that qualitatively and quantitatively determine the present gases and dust particles. The so-called particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5) values are of high importance, as such small particles can penetrate the human lung barrier and enter the blood system. There are cancer cases related to many <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants, and especially to PM2.5, contributing to exploding costs within the healthcare system. We focus on various <span class="hlt">current</span> and potential future <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants, and propose solutions on how to protect our health against such dangerous substances. Recent developments in the Organ-on-Chip (OoC) technology can be used to study <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution as well. OoC allows determination of pollutant toxicity and <span class="hlt">speeds</span> up the development of novel pharmaceutical drugs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5664094','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5664094"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Effects on Human Health and Approaches for Its Assessment through Microfluidic Chips</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gao, Xinghua; Virzonis, Darius; Damiati, Samar; Schneider, Marlon R.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> quality depends on the various gases and particles present in it. Both natural phenomena and human activities affect the cleanliness of <span class="hlt">air</span>. In the last decade, many countries experienced an unprecedented industrial growth, resulting in changing <span class="hlt">air</span> quality values, and correspondingly, affecting our life quality. <span class="hlt">Air</span> quality can be accessed by employing microchips that qualitatively and quantitatively determine the present gases and dust particles. The so-called particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5) values are of high importance, as such small particles can penetrate the human lung barrier and enter the blood system. There are cancer cases related to many <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants, and especially to PM2.5, contributing to exploding costs within the healthcare system. We focus on various <span class="hlt">current</span> and potential future <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants, and propose solutions on how to protect our health against such dangerous substances. Recent developments in the Organ-on-Chip (OoC) technology can be used to study <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution as well. OoC allows determination of pollutant toxicity and <span class="hlt">speeds</span> up the development of novel pharmaceutical drugs. PMID:28953246</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500174','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500174"><span>Field study of <span class="hlt">air</span> change and flow rate in six automobiles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Knibbs, L D; de Dear, R J; Atkinson, S E</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>For many people, a relatively large proportion of daily exposure to a multitude of pollutants may occur inside an automobile. A key determinant of exposure is the amount of outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> entering the cabin (i.e. <span class="hlt">air</span> change or flow rate). We have quantified this parameter in six passenger vehicles ranging in age from 18 years to <1 year, at three vehicle <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and under four different ventilation settings. Average infiltration into the cabin with all operable <span class="hlt">air</span> entry pathways closed was between 1 and 33.1 <span class="hlt">air</span> changes per hour (ACH) at a vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 60 km/h, and between 2.6 and 47.3 ACH at 110 km/h, with these results representing the most (2005 Volkswagen Golf) and least <span class="hlt">air</span>-tight (1989 Mazda 121) vehicles, respectively. Average infiltration into stationary vehicles parked outdoors varied between approximately 0 and 1.4 ACH and was moderately related to wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Measurements were also performed under an <span class="hlt">air</span> recirculation setting with low fan <span class="hlt">speed</span>, while airflow rate measurements were conducted under two non-recirculate ventilation settings with low and high fan <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. The windows were closed in all cases, and over 200 measurements were performed. The results can be applied to estimate pollutant exposure inside vehicles. There is increasing recognition of the often disproportionately large contribution of in-vehicle pollutant exposures to overall measures. This has highlighted the need for accurate and representative quantification of determinant factors to facilitate exposure estimation and mitigation. The ventilation rate in a vehicle cabin is a key parameter affecting the transfer of pollutants from outdoors to the cabin interior, and vice-versa. New data regarding this variable are presented here, and the results indicate substantial variability in outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> infiltration into vehicles of differing age. The efficacy of simple measures to reduce outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> infiltration into 'leaky' vehicles to increase occupant protection would be a worthwhile avenue</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992teci.rept.....M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992teci.rept.....M"><span>Variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> gas engine-driven <span class="hlt">air</span> compressor system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morgan, J. R.; Ruggles, A. E.; Chen, T. N.; Gehret, J.</p> <p>1992-11-01</p> <p>Tecogen Inc. and Ingersoll-Rand Co. as a subcontractor have designed a nominal 150-hp gas engine-driven <span class="hlt">air</span> compressor utilizing the TECODRIVE 8000 engine and the Ingersoll-Rand 178.5-mm twin screw compressor. Phase 1 included the system engineering and design, economic and applications studies, and a draft commercialization plan. Phase 2 included controls development, laboratory prototype construction, and performance testing. The testing conducted verified that the compressor meets all design specifications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760860','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760860"><span>Preparative high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography for purification of shikonin from the Chinese medicinal plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lu, Hai-Tao; Jiang, Yue; Chen, Feng</p> <p>2004-01-09</p> <p>The bioactive compound shikonin was successfully isolated and purified from the crude extract of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. by preparative high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC). The preparative HSCCC was performed using a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethylacetate-ethanol-water (16:14:14:5 (v/v)). A total amount of 19.6 mg of shikonin at 98.9% purity was obtained from 52 mg of the crude extract (containing 38.9% shikonin) with 96.9% recovery. The preparative isolation and purification of shikonin by HSCCC was completed in 200 min in a one-step separation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22788101','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22788101"><span>Review of Singapore's <span class="hlt">air</span> quality and greenhouse gas emissions: <span class="hlt">current</span> situation and opportunities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Velasco, Erik; Roth, Matthias</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>Singapore has many environmental accomplishments to its credit. Accessible data on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality indicates that all criteria pollutants satisfy both U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) <span class="hlt">air</span> quality standards and guidelines, respectively. The exception is PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm), which is not <span class="hlt">currently</span> considered a criteria pollutant in Singapore but may potentially be the major local <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution problem and cause for health concern. Levels of other airborne pollutants as well as their physical and chemical processes associated with local formation, transformation, dispersion, and deposition are not known. According to available emission inventories, Singapore contribution to the total atmospheric pollution and carbon budget at the regional and global scales is small. Emissions per unit gross domestic product (GDP) are low compared with other countries, although Singapore's per-capita GDP and per-capita emissions are among the highest in the world. Some information is available on health effects, but the impacts on the ecosystem and the complex interactions of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and climate change at a regional level are also unknown. This article reviews existing available information on atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and proposes a multipollutant approach to greenhouse gas mitigation and local <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. Singapore, by reducing its per-capita emissions, increasing the availability of information (e.g., through regularly publishing hourly and/or daily PM2.5 concentrations) and developing a research agenda in this area, would likely be seen to be a model of a high-density, livable, and sustainable city in Southeast Asia and other tropical regions worldwide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.5172S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.5172S"><span>Regional Wave Climates along Eastern Boundary <span class="hlt">Currents</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Semedo, Alvaro; Soares, Pedro</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Two types of wind-generated gravity waves coexist at the ocean surface: wind sea and swell. Wind sea waves are waves under growing process. These young growing waves receive energy from the overlaying wind and are strongly coupled to the local wind field. Waves that propagate away from their generation area and no longer receive energy input from the local wind are called swell. Swell waves can travel long distances across entire ocean basins. A qualitative study of the ocean waves from a locally vs. remotely generation perspective is important, since the <span class="hlt">air</span> sea interaction processes is strongly modulated by waves and vary accordingly to the prevalence of wind sea or swell waves in the area. A detailed climatology of wind sea and swell waves along eastern boundary <span class="hlt">currents</span> (EBC; California <span class="hlt">Current</span>, Canary <span class="hlt">Current</span>, in the Northern Hemisphere, and Humboldt <span class="hlt">Current</span>, Benguela <span class="hlt">Current</span>, and Western Australia <span class="hlt">Current</span>, in the Southern Hemisphere), based on the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) ERA-Interim reanalysis will be presented. The wind regime along EBC varies significantly from winter to summer. The high summer wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> along EBC generate higher locally generated wind sea waves, whereas lower winter wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in these areas, along with stronger winter extratropical storms far away, lead to a predominance of swell waves there. In summer, the coast parallel winds also interact with coastal headlands, increasing the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> through a process called "expansion fan", which leads to an increase in the height of locally generated waves downwind of capes and points. Hence the spatial patterns of the wind sea or swell regional wave fields are shown to be different from the open ocean along EBC, due to coastal geometry and fetch dimensions. Swell waves will be shown to be considerably more prevalent and to carry more energy in winter along EBC, while in summer locally generated wind sea waves are either more comparable to swell waves or</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301955','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301955"><span>[<span class="hlt">Speed</span> drugs].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Piekoszewski, Wojciech; Florek, Ewa</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Until recently "<span class="hlt">speed</span> drugs" have not awake higher social emotions. Usually they associate with Red Bull, allowed driving long time, and workaholic from modern enterprise to regenerate before next task. <span class="hlt">Currently</span> on the base of new regulation on the list of controlled substances benzylpyperazine, its related compounds and 17 plants products were added. The article discussed the sources and biological action of these psychoactive substances, which are illegal in Poland.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRC..120..716Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRC..120..716Z"><span>Typhoon <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea drag coefficient in coastal regions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Zhong-Kuo; Liu, Chun-Xia; Li, Qi; Dai, Guang-Feng; Song, Qing-Tao; Lv, Wei-Hua</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea drag during typhoon landfalls is investigated for a 10 m wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> as high as U10 ≈ 42 m s-1, based on multilevel wind measurements from a coastal tower located in the South China Sea. The drag coefficient (CD) plotted against the typhoon wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> is similar to that of open ocean conditions; however, the CD curve shifts toward a regime of lower winds, and CD increases by a factor of approximately 0.5 relative to the open ocean. Our results indicate that the critical wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> at which CD peaks is approximately 24 m s-1, which is 5-15 m s-1 lower than that from deep water. Shoaling effects are invoked to explain the findings. Based on our results, the proposed CD formulation, which depends on both water depth and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, is applied to a typhoon forecast model. The forecasts of typhoon track and surface wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> are improved. Therefore, a water-depth-dependence formulation of CD may be particularly pertinent for parameterizing <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea momentum exchanges over shallow water.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014RScI...85a5101K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014RScI...85a5101K"><span>A simple and reliable sensor for accurate measurement of angular <span class="hlt">speed</span> for low <span class="hlt">speed</span> rotating machinery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuosheng, Jiang; Guanghua, Xu; Tangfei, Tao; Lin, Liang; Yi, Wang; Sicong, Zhang; Ailing, Luo</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents the theory and implementation of a novel sensor system for measuring the angular <span class="hlt">speed</span> (AS) of a shaft rotating at a very low <span class="hlt">speed</span> range, nearly zero <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The sensor system consists mainly of an eccentric sleeve rotating with the shaft on which the angular <span class="hlt">speed</span> to be measured, and an eddy <span class="hlt">current</span> displacement sensor to obtain the profile of the sleeve for AS calculation. When the shaft rotates at constant <span class="hlt">speed</span> the profile will be a pure sinusoidal trace. However, the profile will be a phase modulated signal when the shaft <span class="hlt">speed</span> is varied. By applying a demodulating procedure, the AS can be obtained in a straightforward manner. The sensor system was validated experimentally based on a gearbox test rig and the result shows that the AS obtained are consistent with that obtained by a conventional encoder. However, the new sensor gives very smooth and stable traces of the AS, demonstrating its higher accuracy and reliability in obtaining the AS of the low <span class="hlt">speed</span> operations with <span class="hlt">speed</span>-up and down transients. In addition, the experiment also shows that it is easy and cost-effective to be realised in different applications such as condition monitoring and process control.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001SPIE.4183...36E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001SPIE.4183...36E"><span>Development of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video cameras</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Etoh, Takeharu G.; Takehara, Kohsei; Okinaka, Tomoo; Takano, Yasuhide; Ruckelshausen, Arno; Poggemann, Dirk</p> <p>2001-04-01</p> <p>Presented in this paper is an outline of the R and D activities on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video cameras, which have been done in Kinki University since more than ten years ago, and are <span class="hlt">currently</span> proceeded as an international cooperative project with University of Applied Sciences Osnabruck and other organizations. Extensive marketing researches have been done, (1) on user's requirements on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> multi-framing and video cameras by questionnaires and hearings, and (2) on <span class="hlt">current</span> availability of the cameras of this sort by search of journals and websites. Both of them support necessity of development of a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video camera of more than 1 million fps. A video camera of 4,500 fps with parallel readout was developed in 1991. A video camera with triple sensors was developed in 1996. The sensor is the same one as developed for the previous camera. The frame rate is 50 million fps for triple-framing and 4,500 fps for triple-light-wave framing, including color image capturing. Idea on a video camera of 1 million fps with an ISIS, In-situ Storage Image Sensor, was proposed in 1993 at first, and has been continuously improved. A test sensor was developed in early 2000, and successfully captured images at 62,500 fps. <span class="hlt">Currently</span>, design of a prototype ISIS is going on, and, hopefully, will be fabricated in near future. Epoch-making cameras in history of development of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video cameras by other persons are also briefly reviewed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28040377','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28040377"><span><span class="hlt">Current</span> approaches used in epidemiologic studies to examine short-term multipollutant <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Davalos, Angel D; Luben, Thomas J; Herring, Amy H; Sacks, Jason D</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> pollution epidemiology traditionally focuses on the relationship between individual <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants and health outcomes (e.g., mortality). To account for potential copollutant confounding, individual pollutant associations are often estimated by adjusting or controlling for other pollutants in the mixture. Recently, the need to characterize the relationship between health outcomes and the larger multipollutant mixture has been emphasized in an attempt to better protect public health and inform more sustainable <span class="hlt">air</span> quality management decisions. New and innovative statistical methods to examine multipollutant exposures were identified through a broad literature search, with a specific focus on those statistical approaches <span class="hlt">currently</span> used in epidemiologic studies of short-term exposures to criteria <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants (i.e., particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone). Five broad classes of statistical approaches were identified for examining associations between short-term multipollutant exposures and health outcomes, specifically additive main effects, effect measure modification, unsupervised dimension reduction, supervised dimension reduction, and nonparametric methods. These approaches are characterized including advantages and limitations in different epidemiologic scenarios. By highlighting the characteristics of various studies in which multipollutant statistical methods have been used, this review provides epidemiologists and biostatisticians with a resource to aid in the selection of the most optimal statistical method to use when examining multipollutant exposures. Published by Elsevier Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cms&pg=7&id=EJ984085','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cms&pg=7&id=EJ984085"><span><span class="hlt">Speed</span> of Sound versus Temperature Using PVC Pipes Open at Both Ends</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bacon, Michael E.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In this paper we investigate the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in <span class="hlt">air</span> as a function of temperature using a simple and inexpensive apparatus. For this experiment it is essential that the appropriate end corrections be taken into account. In a recent paper the end corrections for 2-in i.d. (5.04-cm) PVC pipes open at both ends were investigated. The <span class="hlt">air</span> column…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080040157','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080040157"><span>Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Evaluation of Grainex Mar-M 247 for NASA's High Temperature, High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Turbine Seal Test Rig</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Delgado, Irebert R.; Steinetz, Bruce M.; Rimnac, Clare M.; Lewandowski, John J.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The fatigue crack growth behavior of Grainex Mar-M 247 is evaluated for NASA s Turbine Seal Test Facility. The facility is used to test <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> seals primarily for use in advanced jet engine applications. Because of extreme seal test conditions of temperature, pressure, and surface <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, surface cracks may develop over time in the disk bolt holes. An inspection interval is developed to preclude catastrophic disk failure by using experimental fatigue crack growth data. By combining <span class="hlt">current</span> fatigue crack growth results with previous fatigue strain-life experimental work, an inspection interval is determined for the test disk. The fatigue crack growth life of the NASA disk bolt holes is found to be 367 cycles at a crack depth of 0.501 mm using a factor of 2 on life at maximum operating conditions. Combining this result with previous fatigue strain-life experimental work gives a total fatigue life of 1032 cycles at a crack depth of 0.501 mm. Eddy-<span class="hlt">current</span> inspections are suggested starting at 665 cycles since eddy <span class="hlt">current</span> detection thresholds are <span class="hlt">currently</span> at 0.381 mm. Inspection intervals are recommended every 50 cycles when operated at maximum operating conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132792','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132792"><span>ISOLATION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM THE BARKS OF ILEX ROTUNDA BY HIGH-<span class="hlt">SPEED</span> COUNTER-<span class="hlt">CURRENT</span> CHROMATOGRAPHY.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Chun; Chao, Zhimao; Sun, Wen; Wu, Xiaoyi; Ito, Yoichiro</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Semi-preparative and preparative high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) were successfully used for isolation of glycosides from 50% ethanol extract of the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae) by using a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:6:7, v/v/v). From 1.0 g of the extract, syringaresinol 4',4"-di-o-β-d-glucopyranoside ( I , 20.2 mg),, syringin ( II , 56.8 mg), sinapaldehyde glucoside ( III , 26.2 mg),, syringaresinol 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside ( IV , 20.4 mg), and pedunculoside ( V , 45.1 mg) were obtained by one run of TBE-1000A HSCCC instrument with 1000 mL of column volume. Their structures were identified by IR, MS, and 1 H and 13 C NMR studies. Glycoside I was isolated from this plant for the first time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4130163','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4130163"><span>ISOLATION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM THE BARKS OF ILEX ROTUNDA BY HIGH-<span class="hlt">SPEED</span> COUNTER-<span class="hlt">CURRENT</span> CHROMATOGRAPHY</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Chun; Chao, Zhimao; Sun, Wen; Wu, Xiaoyi; Ito, Yoichiro</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Semi-preparative and preparative high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) were successfully used for isolation of glycosides from 50% ethanol extract of the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae) by using a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:6:7, v/v/v). From 1.0 g of the extract, syringaresinol 4',4"-di-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (I, 20.2 mg),, syringin (II, 56.8 mg), sinapaldehyde glucoside (III, 26.2 mg),, syringaresinol 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (IV, 20.4 mg), and pedunculoside (V, 45.1 mg) were obtained by one run of TBE-1000A HSCCC instrument with 1000 mL of column volume. Their structures were identified by IR, MS, and 1H and 13C NMR studies. Glycoside I was isolated from this plant for the first time. PMID:25132792</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27893283','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27893283"><span>Driver <span class="hlt">speed</span> selection on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> two-lane highways: Comparing <span class="hlt">speed</span> profiles between uniform and differential <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Russo, Brendan J; Savolainen, Peter T; Gates, Timothy J; Kay, Jonathan J; Frazier, Sterling</p> <p>2017-07-04</p> <p>Although a considerable amount of prior research has investigated the impacts of <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits on traffic safety and operations, much of this research, and nearly all of the research related to differential <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits, has been specific to limited access freeways. The unique safety and operational issues on highways without access control create difficulty relating the conclusions from prior freeway-related <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit research to 2-lane highways, particularly research on differential limits due to passing limitations and subsequent queuing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess differences in driver <span class="hlt">speed</span> selection with respect to the posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit on rural 2-lane highways, with a particular emphasis on the differences between uniform and differential <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits. Data were collected from nearly 59,000 vehicles across 320 sites in Montana and 4 neighboring states. Differences in mean <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, 85th percentile <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, and the standard deviation in <span class="hlt">speeds</span> for free-flowing vehicles were examined across these sites using ordinary least squares regression models. Ultimately, the results of the analysis show that the mean <span class="hlt">speed</span>, 85th percentile <span class="hlt">speed</span>, and variability in travel <span class="hlt">speeds</span> for free-flowing vehicles on 2-lane highways are generally lower at locations with uniform 65 mph <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits, compared to locations with differential limits of 70 mph for cars and 60 mph for trucks. In addition to posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits, several site characteristics were shown to influence <span class="hlt">speed</span> selection including shoulder widths, frequency of horizontal curves, percentage of the segment that included no passing zones, and hourly volumes. Differences in vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span> characteristics were also observed between states, indicating that <span class="hlt">speed</span> selection may also be influenced by local factors, such as driver population or enforcement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379536','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379536"><span>Working characteristics of variable intake valve in compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yu, Qihui; Shi, Yan; Cai, Maolin</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A new camless compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine is proposed, which can make the compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> energy reasonably distributed. Through analysis of the camless compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine, a mathematical model of the working processes was set up. Using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation, the pressure, temperature, and <span class="hlt">air</span> mass of the cylinder were obtained. In order to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model, the experiments were conducted. Moreover, performance analysis was introduced to design compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine. Results show that, firstly, the simulation results have good consistency with the experimental results. Secondly, under different intake pressures, the highest output power is obtained when the crank <span class="hlt">speed</span> reaches 500 rpm, which also provides the maximum output torque. Finally, higher energy utilization efficiency can be obtained at the lower <span class="hlt">speed</span>, intake pressure, and valve duration angle. This research can refer to the design of the camless valve of compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V31G..08A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V31G..08A"><span>Three-dimensional structure of dilute pyroclastic density <span class="hlt">currents</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andrews, B. J.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Unconfined experimental density <span class="hlt">currents</span> dynamically similar to pyroclastic density <span class="hlt">currents</span> (PDCs) suggest that cross-stream motions of the <span class="hlt">currents</span> and <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment through <span class="hlt">currents</span>' lateral margins strongly affects PDC behavior. Experiments are conducted within an <span class="hlt">air</span>-filled tank 8.5 m long by 6.1 m wide by 2.6 m tall. <span class="hlt">Currents</span> are generated by feeding heated powders down a chute into the tank at controlled rates to form dilute, particle-laden, turbulent gravity <span class="hlt">currents</span> that are fed for 30 to 600 seconds. Powders include 5 μm aluminum oxide, 25 μm talc, 27 μm walnut, 76 μm glass beads and mixtures thereof. Experiments are scaled such that Froude, densimetric and thermal Richardson, particle Stokes and Settling numbers, and thermal to kinetic energy densities are all in agreement with dilute PDCs; experiments have lower Reynolds numbers that natural <span class="hlt">currents</span>, but the experiments are fully turbulent, thus the large scale structures should be similar. The experiments are illuminated with 3 orthogonal laser sheets (650, 532, and 450 nm wavelengths) and recorded with an array of HD video cameras and a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> camera (up to 3000 fps); this system provides synchronous observation of a vertical streamwise and cross-stream planes, and a horizontal plane. Ambient temperature <span class="hlt">currents</span> tend to spread out radially from the source and have long run out distances, whereas warmer <span class="hlt">currents</span> tend to focus along narrow sectors and have shorter run outs. In addition, when warm <span class="hlt">currents</span> lift off to form buoyant plumes, lateral spreading ceases. The behavior of short duration <span class="hlt">currents</span> are dominated by the <span class="hlt">current</span> head; as eruption duration increases, <span class="hlt">current</span> transport direction tends to oscillate back and forth (this is particularly true for ambient temperature <span class="hlt">currents</span>). Turbulent structures in the horizontal plane show <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment and advection downstream. Eddies illuminated by the vertical cross-stream laser sheet often show vigorous mixing along the <span class="hlt">current</span> margins</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140002294','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140002294"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Data Recorder for Space, Geodesy, and Other High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Recording Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Taveniku, Mikael</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> data recorder and replay equipment has been developed for reliable high-data-rate recording to disk media. It solves problems with slow or faulty disks, multiple disk insertions, high-altitude operation, reliable performance using COTS hardware, and long-term maintenance and upgrade path challenges. The <span class="hlt">current</span> generation data recor - ders used within the VLBI community are aging, special-purpose machines that are both slow (do not meet today's requirements) and are very expensive to maintain and operate. Furthermore, they are not easily upgraded to take advantage of commercial technology development, and are not scalable to multiple 10s of Gbit/s data rates required by new applications. The innovation provides a softwaredefined, high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> data recorder that is scalable with technology advances in the commercial space. It maximally utilizes <span class="hlt">current</span> technologies without being locked to a particular hardware platform. The innovation also provides a cost-effective way of streaming large amounts of data from sensors to disk, enabling many applications to store raw sensor data and perform post and signal processing offline. This recording system will be applicable to many applications needing realworld, high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> data collection, including electronic warfare, softwaredefined radar, signal history storage of multispectral sensors, development of autonomous vehicles, and more.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=work+AND+life&pg=2&id=EJ1074251','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=work+AND+life&pg=2&id=EJ1074251"><span><span class="hlt">Speed</span> Kills, <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Thrills: Constraining and Enabling Accelerations in Academic Work-Life</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Vostal, Filip</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Intensification, <span class="hlt">speed</span> of change and faster pace of life have recently emerged as significant issues in studies analysing the <span class="hlt">current</span> academic climate. This article takes up the "social acceleration thesis" as a conceptual resource for capturing the relationship between the individual experience of time and the changing structure and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28599134','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28599134"><span>Self-monitoring of driving <span class="hlt">speed</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Etzioni, Shelly; Erev, Ido; Ishaq, Robert; Elias, Wafa; Shiftan, Yoram</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>In-vehicle data recorders (IVDR) have been found to facilitate safe driving and are highly valuable in accident analysis. Nevertheless, it is not easy to convince drivers to use them. Part of the difficulty is related to the "Big Brother" concern: installing IVDR impairs the drivers' privacy. The "Big Brother" concern can be mitigated by adding a turn-off switch to the IVDR. However, this addition comes at the expense of increasing <span class="hlt">speed</span> variability between drivers, which is known to impair safety. The <span class="hlt">current</span> experimental study examines the significance of this negative effect of a turn-off switch under two experimental settings representing different incentive structures: small and large fines for <span class="hlt">speeding</span>. 199 students were asked to participate in a computerized <span class="hlt">speeding</span> dilemma task, where they could control the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of their "car" using "brake" and "<span class="hlt">speed</span>" buttons, corresponding to automatic car foot pedals. The participants in two experimental conditions had IVDR installed in their "cars", and were told that they could turn it off at any time. Driving with active IVDR implied some probability of "fines" for <span class="hlt">speeding</span>, and the two experimental groups differed with respect to the fine's magnitude, small or large. The results indicate that the option to use IVDR reduced <span class="hlt">speeding</span> and <span class="hlt">speed</span> variance. In addition, the results indicate that the reduction of <span class="hlt">speed</span> variability was maximal in the small fine group. These results suggest that using IVDR with gentle fines and with a turn-off option maintains the positive effect of IVDR, addresses the "Big Brother" concern, and does not increase <span class="hlt">speed</span> variance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/15752','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/15752"><span>Criteria for setting <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits in urban and suburban areas in Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Current</span> methods of setting <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits include maximum statutory limits by road class and geometric characteristics and <span class="hlt">speed</span> zoning practice for the roads where the legislated limit does not reflect local differences. <span class="hlt">Speed</span> limits in <span class="hlt">speed</span> zones ar...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20655222','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20655222"><span>Walking modulates <span class="hlt">speed</span> sensitivity in Drosophila motion vision.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chiappe, M Eugenia; Seelig, Johannes D; Reiser, Michael B; Jayaraman, Vivek</p> <p>2010-08-24</p> <p>Changes in behavioral state modify neural activity in many systems. In some vertebrates such modulation has been observed and interpreted in the context of attention and sensorimotor coordinate transformations. Here we report state-dependent activity modulations during walking in a visual-motor pathway of Drosophila. We used two-photon imaging to monitor intracellular calcium activity in motion-sensitive lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in head-fixed Drosophila walking on an <span class="hlt">air</span>-supported ball. Cells of the horizontal system (HS)--a subgroup of LPTCs--showed stronger calcium transients in response to visual motion when flies were walking rather than resting. The amplified responses were also correlated with walking <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Moreover, HS neurons showed a relatively higher gain in response strength at higher temporal frequencies, and their optimum temporal frequency was shifted toward higher motion <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Walking-dependent modulation of HS neurons in the Drosophila visual system may constitute a mechanism to facilitate processing of higher image <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in behavioral contexts where these <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of visual motion are relevant for course stabilization. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MsT.........35W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MsT.........35W"><span>Investigation of Various Novel <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Breathing Propulsion Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wilhite, Jarred M.</p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">current</span> research investigates the operation and performance of various <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing propulsion systems, which are capable of utilizing different types of fuel. This study first focuses on a modular RDE configuration, which was mainly studied to determine which conditions yield stable, continuous rotating detonation for an ethylene-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture. The performance of this RDE was analyzed by studying various parameters such as mass flow rate, equivalence ratios, wave <span class="hlt">speed</span> and cell size. For relatively low mass flow rates near stoichiometric conditions, a rotating detonation wave is observed for an ethylene-RDE, but at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> less than an ideal detonation wave. The <span class="hlt">current</span> research also involves investigating the newly designed, Twin Oxidizer Injection Capable (TOXIC) RDE. Mixtures of hydrogen and <span class="hlt">air</span> were utilized for this configuration, resulting in sustained rotating detonation for various mass flow rates and equivalence ratios. A thrust stand was also developed to observe and further measure the performance of the TOXIC RDE. Further analysis was conducted to accurately model and simulate the response of thrust stand during operation of the RDE. Also included in this research are findings and analysis of a propulsion system capable of operating on the Inverse Brayton Cycle. The feasibility of this novel concept was validated in a previous study to be sufficient for small-scale propulsion systems, namely UAV applications. This type of propulsion system consists of a reorganization of traditional gas turbine engine components, which incorporates expansion before compression. This cycle also requires a heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the flow entering the compressor downstream. While adding a heat exchanger improves the efficiency of the cycle, it also increases the engine weight, resulting in less endurance for the aircraft. Therefore, this study focuses on the selection and development of a new heat exchanger design that is lightweight, and is capable</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Metro..54.7021P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Metro..54.7021P"><span>EURAMET project No. 1225: intercomparsion of very low <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> standard facilities (0.05 m/s to 1 m/s)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pachinger, Dietmar; De Huu, Marc; Mueller, Harald; Care, Isabelle; Frederiksen, John; Piccato, Aline; Bertasiene, Agne</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>For the first time a EURAMET comparison of standard facilities in the field of low <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> is presented. The <span class="hlt">air</span> velocities range from 0.05 m/s up to 1 m/s. Two different thermal anemometers are used as Transfer Standards (TS), namely a ball-type and a planar-type anemometer. Due to their construction it is possible to analyze different components of the flow vector. Orientation-dependent measurements which are investigated in addition might also deliver information concerning the components of the flow vector. A Comparison Reference Value (CRV) is calculated with the help of the chi-squared test according to the procedure A presented by Cox [1] [2] and the degree of equivalence of the laboratory data to the CRV is determined. Both TS show reasonable results and a high degree of equivalence. Furthermore the degree of equivalence of the laboratory data to each other is investigated in detail. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6061C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6061C"><span>Importance of <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interaction on wind waves, storm surge and hurricane simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Yingjian; Yu, Xiping</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>It was reported from field observations that wind stress coefficient levels off and even decreases when the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> exceeds 30-40 m/s. We propose a wave boundary layer model (WBLM) based on the momentum and energy conservation equations. Taking into account the physical details of the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interaction process as well as the energy dissipation due to the presence of sea spray, this model successfully predicts the decreasing tendency of wind stress coefficient. Then WBLM is embedded in the <span class="hlt">current</span>-wave coupled model FVCOM-SWAVE to simulate surface waves and storm surge under the forcing of hurricane Katrina. Numerical results based on WBLM agree well with the observed data of NDBC buoys and tide gauges. Sensitivity analysis of different wind stress evaluation methods also shows that large anomalies of significant wave height and surge elevation are captured along the passage of hurricane core. The differences of the local wave height are up to 13 m, which is in accordance with the general knowledge that the ocean dynamic processes under storm conditions are very sensitive to the amount of momentum exchange at the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interface. In the final part of the research, the reduced wind stress coefficient is tested in the numerical forecast of hurricane Katrina. A parabolic formula fitted to WBLM is employed in the atmosphere-ocean coupled model COAWST. Considering the joint effects of ocean cooling and reduced wind drag, the intensity metrics - the minimum sea level pressure and the maximum 10 m wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> - are in good inconsistency with the best track result. Those methods, which predict the wind stress coefficient that increase or saturate in extreme wind condition, underestimate the hurricane intensity. As a whole, we unify the evaluation methods of wind stress in different numerical models and yield reasonable results. Although it is too early to conclude that WBLM is totally applicable or the drag coefficient does decrease for high wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, our <span class="hlt">current</span></p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45...80Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45...80Z"><span>Spreading <span class="hlt">Speed</span> of Magnetopause Reconnection X-Lines Using Ground-Satellite Coordination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zou, Ying; Walsh, Brian M.; Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Ruohoniemi, J. Michael; McWilliams, Kathryn A.; Nishitani, Nozomu</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Conceptual and numerical models predict that magnetic reconnection starts at a localized region and then spreads out of the reconnection plane. At the Earth's magnetopause this spreading would occur primarily in local time along the boundary. Different simulations have found the spreading to occur at different <span class="hlt">speeds</span> such as the Alfvén <span class="hlt">speed</span> and <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the <span class="hlt">current</span> carriers. We use conjugate Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar measurements to observationally determine the X-line spreading <span class="hlt">speed</span> at the magnetopause. THEMIS probes the reconnection parameters locally, and SuperDARN tracks the reconnection development remotely. Spreading <span class="hlt">speeds</span> under different magnetopause boundary conditions are obtained and compared with model predictions. We find that while spreading under weak guide field could be explained by either the <span class="hlt">current</span> carriers or the Alfvén waves, spreading under strong guide field is consistent only with the <span class="hlt">current</span> carriers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1011481','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1011481"><span>Perceptions of the Utilization of Family Nurse Practitioners by <span class="hlt">Current</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Outpatient Physicians</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1996-03-26</p> <p>detection and management of acute self-limiting conditions and management of chronic stable conditions within a family . A FNP provides primary...APPROVAL SHEET Title of thesis: "Perceptions of the Utilization of Family Nurse Practitioners by <span class="hlt">Current</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Outpatient Physicians" Name...of Candidate: Patrick Edward Bertz Master of Science in Nursing Family Nurse Practitioner APPROVED, ~J.~ Comm~tte Chalrperson ·Committee Me her</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31546','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31546"><span><span class="hlt">Speed</span> Harmonization--Design <span class="hlt">Speed</span> vs. Operating <span class="hlt">Speed</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>When the actual operating <span class="hlt">speed</span> on the roads exceeds the design <span class="hlt">speed</span>, which is common on rural highways, the roadway design may become problematic from a safety point of view. This report presents a new methodology that summarizes the relationship b...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091720','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091720"><span>Correction of Temperatures of <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Cooled Engine Cylinders for Variation in Engine and Cooling Conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schey, Oscar W; Pinkel, Benjamin; Ellerbrock, Herman H , Jr</p> <p>1939-01-01</p> <p>Factors are obtained from semiempirical equations for correcting engine-cylinder temperatures for variation in important engine and cooling conditions. The variation of engine temperatures with atmospheric temperature is treated in detail, and correction factors are obtained for various flight and test conditions, such as climb at constant indicated <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, level flight, ground running, take-off, constant <span class="hlt">speed</span> of cooling <span class="hlt">air</span>, and constant mass flow of cooling <span class="hlt">air</span>. Seven conventional <span class="hlt">air</span>-cooled engine cylinders enclosed in jackets and cooled by a blower were tested to determine the effect of cooling-<span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and carburetor-<span class="hlt">air</span> temperature on cylinder temperatures. The cooling <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature was varied from approximately 80 degrees F. to 230 degrees F. and the carburetor-<span class="hlt">air</span> temperature from approximately 40 degrees F. to 160 degrees F. Tests were made over a large range of engine <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, brake mean effective pressures, and pressure drops across the cylinder. The correction factors obtained experimentally are compared with those obtained from the semiempirical equations and a fair agreement is noted.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176188','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176188"><span>Method and system for controlling a rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a rotor of a turbogenerator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Stahlhut, Ronnie Dean; Vuk, Carl Thomas</p> <p>2008-12-30</p> <p>A system and method controls a rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a rotor or shaft of a turbogenerator in accordance with a present voltage level on a direct <span class="hlt">current</span> bus. A lower threshold and a higher threshold are established for a <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a rotor or shaft of a turbogenerator. A <span class="hlt">speed</span> sensor determines <span class="hlt">speed</span> data or a <span class="hlt">speed</span> signal for the rotor or shaft associated with a turbogenerator. A voltage regulator adjusts a voltage level associated with a direct <span class="hlt">current</span> bus within a target voltage range if the <span class="hlt">speed</span> data or <span class="hlt">speed</span> signal indicates that the <span class="hlt">speed</span> is above the higher threshold or below the lower threshold.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ZNatA..71.1167F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ZNatA..71.1167F"><span>Bernoulli-Langevin Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Model for Simulation of Storm Events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fürstenau, Norbert; Mittendorf, Monika</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We present a simple nonlinear dynamics Langevin model for predicting the instationary wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> profile during storm events typically accompanying extreme low-pressure situations. It is based on a second-degree Bernoulli equation with δ-correlated Gaussian noise and may complement stationary stochastic wind models. Transition between increasing and decreasing wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and (quasi) stationary normal wind and storm states are induced by the sign change of the controlling time-dependent rate parameter k(t). This approach corresponds to the simplified nonlinear laser dynamics for the incoherent to coherent transition of light emission that can be understood by a phase transition analogy within equilibrium thermodynamics [H. Haken, Synergetics, 3rd ed., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1983/2004.]. Evidence for the nonlinear dynamics two-state approach is generated by fitting of two historical wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> profiles (low-pressure situations "Xaver" and "Christian", 2013) taken from Meteorological Terminal <span class="hlt">Air</span> Report weather data, with a logistic approximation (i.e. constant rate coefficients k) to the solution of our dynamical model using a sum of sigmoid functions. The analytical solution of our dynamical two-state Bernoulli equation as obtained with a sinusoidal rate ansatz k(t) of period T (=storm duration) exhibits reasonable agreement with the logistic fit to the empirical data. Noise parameter estimates of <span class="hlt">speed</span> fluctuations are derived from empirical fit residuals and by means of a stationary solution of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. Numerical simulations with the Bernoulli-Langevin equation demonstrate the potential for stochastic wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> profile modeling and predictive filtering under extreme storm events that is suggested for applications in anticipative <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760024362','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760024362"><span>Measurements in the near-wall region of a relaxing three-dimensional low <span class="hlt">speed</span> turbulent <span class="hlt">air</span> boundary layer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hebbar, K. S.; Melnik, W. L.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>An experimental investigation was conducted at selected locations of the near-wall region of a three dimensional turbulent <span class="hlt">air</span> boundary layer relaxing in a nominally zero external pressure gradient behind a transverse hump (in the form of a 30 deg swept, 5-foot chord wing-type model) faired into the side wall of a low <span class="hlt">speed</span> wind tunnel. Wall shear stresses measured with a flush-mounted hot-film gage and a sublayer fence were in very good agreement with experimental data obtained with two Preston probes. With the upstream unit Reynolds number held constant at 325,000/ft. approximately one-fourth of the boundary layer thickness adjacent to the wall was surveyed with a single rotated hot-wire probe mounted on a specially designed minimum interference traverse mechanism. The boundary layer (approximately 3.5 in thick near the first survey station where the length Reynolds number was 5.5 million) had a maximum crossflow velocity ratio of 0.145 and a maximum crossflow angle of 21.875 deg close to the wall.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyEd..51d5002D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyEd..51d5002D"><span>Application of Newtonian physics to predict the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a gravity racer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Driscoll, H. F.; Bullas, A. M.; King, C. E.; Senior, T.; Haake, S. J.; Hart, J.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Gravity racing can be studied using numerical solutions to the equations of motion derived from Newton’s second law. This allows students to explore the physics of gravity racing and to understand how design and course selection influences vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Using Euler’s method, we have developed a spreadsheet application that can be used to predict the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a gravity powered vehicle. The application includes the effects of <span class="hlt">air</span> and rolling resistance. Examples of the use of the application for designing a gravity racer are presented and discussed. Predicted <span class="hlt">speeds</span> are compared to the results of an official world record attempt.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1249560','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1249560"><span>Simulation <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Analysis and Improvements of Modelica Models for Building Energy Simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jorissen, Filip; Wetter, Michael; Helsen, Lieve</p> <p></p> <p>This paper presents an approach for <span class="hlt">speeding</span> up Modelica models. Insight is provided into how Modelica models are solved and what determines the tool’s computational <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Aspects such as algebraic loops, code efficiency and integrator choice are discussed. This is illustrated using simple building simulation examples and Dymola. The generality of the work is in some cases verified using OpenModelica. Using this approach, a medium sized office building including building envelope, heating ventilation and <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning (HVAC) systems and control strategy can be simulated at a <span class="hlt">speed</span> five hundred times faster than real time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25862431','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25862431"><span>Effects of atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma treatment of graphite and carbon felt electrodes on the anodic <span class="hlt">current</span> from Shewanella attached cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Epifanio, Monica; Inguva, Saikumar; Kitching, Michael; Mosnier, Jean-Paul; Marsili, Enrico</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The attachment of electrochemically active microorganisms (EAM) on an electrode is determined by both the chemistry and topography of the electrode surface. Pre-treatment of the electrode surface by atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma introduces hydrophilic functional groups, thereby increasing cell attachment and electroactivity in short-term experiments. In this study, we use graphite and carbon felt electrodes to grow the model EAM Shewanella loihica PV-4 at oxidative potential (0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl). Cell attachment and electroactivity are measured through electrodynamic methods. Atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma pre-treatment increases cell attachment and <span class="hlt">current</span> output at graphite electrodes by 25%, while it improves the electroactivity of the carbon felt electrodes by 450%. <span class="hlt">Air</span> plasma pre-treatment decreased the coulombic efficiency on both carbon felt and graphite electrodes by 60% and 80%, respectively. Microbially produced flavins adsorb preferentially at the graphite electrode, and <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma pre-treatment results in lower flavin adsorption at both graphite and carbon felt electrodes. Results show that <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma pre-treatment is a feasible option to increase <span class="hlt">current</span> output in bioelectrochemical systems. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V21B4761A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V21B4761A"><span>Structure of Dilute Pyroclastic Density <span class="hlt">Currents</span> During Transport, Buoyancy Reversal and Liftoff</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andrews, B. J.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Scaled laboratory experiments provide insight into structure, entrainment and liftoff in pyroclastic density <span class="hlt">currents</span> (PDCs). Experiments are conducted in a 8.5×6.1×2.6 m <span class="hlt">air</span>-filled tank and comprise turbulently suspended mixtures of heated 20-μm talc particles introduced to the tank at steady and sustained rates; the tank is large enough that the <span class="hlt">currents</span> are effectively unconfined. Experiments are scaled with bulk (densimetric and thermal Richardson numbers, Froude number) and turbulent (Stokes and settling numbers) parameters dynamically similar to natural <span class="hlt">currents</span>. The Reynolds numbers of experiments are smaller than those of natural PDCs, but analysis of the experiments demonstrates that they are fully turbulent. Red, green, and blue laser sheets illuminate orthogonal planes within the <span class="hlt">currents</span> for imaging and recording with HD video cameras; those data are reprojected into cross-sectional and map-view planes for analysis of turbulent velocity fields and fluctuations in particle concentration. A green laser sheet can be swept through the tank at 60 Hz and imaged with a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> CCD camera at up to 3000 fps; sequences of 60-300 images are used to make 3D volumetric reconstructions of the <span class="hlt">currents</span> at up to 10 Hz. <span class="hlt">Currents</span> typically comprise a lower "bypass" region and an upper entraining region that turbulently mixes with the ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. The bypass region is generally about half of the total <span class="hlt">current</span> thickness and moves faster than the overlying, entraining region. The bypass region controls runout distance and steadiness of <span class="hlt">currents</span>. If turbulent structures in the entraining region penetrate through the bypass region, the trailing portion of the <span class="hlt">current</span> can stall before resuming forward progress; thus a single, "steady" <span class="hlt">current</span> can generate multiple <span class="hlt">currents</span>. When a <span class="hlt">current</span> lifts off, it focuses along a narrow axis beneath the rising (coignimbrite) plume. At that time, ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> entrainment occurs primarily through the lateral margins of the narrow</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23534205','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23534205"><span>Effects of building aspect ratio, diurnal heating scenario, and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tong, Nelson Y O; Leung, Dennis Y C</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A photochemistry coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical model has been developed to model the reactive pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons, particularly integrating the interrelationship among diurnal heating scenario (solar radiation affections in nighttime, daytime, and sun-rise/set), wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, building aspect ratio (building-height-to-street-width), and dispersion of reactive gases, specifically nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) such that a higher standard of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in metropolitan cities can be achieved. Validation has been done with both experimental and numerical results on flow and temperature fields in a street canyon with bottom heating, which justifies the accuracy of the <span class="hlt">current</span> model. The model was applied to idealized street canyons of different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 8 with two different ambient wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> under different diurnal heating scenarios to estimate the influences of different aforementioned parameters on the chemical evolution of NO, NO2 and O3. Detailed analyses of vertical profiles of pollutant concentrations showed that different diurnal heating scenarios could substantially affect the reactive gases exchange between the street canyon and <span class="hlt">air</span> aloft, followed by respective dispersion and reaction. Higher building aspect ratio and stronger ambient wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> were revealed to be, in general, responsible for enhanced entrainment of O3 concentrations into the street canyons along windward walls under all diurnal heating scenarios. Comparatively, particular attention can be paid on the windward wall heating and nighttime uniform surface heating scenarios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/21648','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/21648"><span>Analysis of inconsistencies related to design <span class="hlt">speed</span>, operating <span class="hlt">speed</span>, and <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2004-02-01</p> <p>The objective of this research was to examine the relationship among design <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, operating <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits and address safety and operational concerns regarding the presence of disparities among these <span class="hlt">speed</span> metrics. Roadway sections were s...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28857062','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28857062"><span>Online media coverage of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution risks and <span class="hlt">current</span> policies in India: A content analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Murukutla, Nandita; Negi, Nalin S; Puri, Pallavi; Mullin, Sandra; Onyon, Lesley</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p> institution or organization - such as the government or industry groups - as the primary responsible stakeholder, thus leaving ambiguous the organizations whose leadership was necessary to mitigate <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution. Conclusion Gaps exist in the <span class="hlt">current</span> media discourse on <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution, suggesting the need for strengthening engagement with the media as a means of creating citizen engagement and enabling policy action. Through greater elaboration of the health burdens and evidence-based policy actions, the media can play a critical role in galvanizing India's action on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. These data may suggest opportunities for media advocacy and greater public and policy engagement to address issues around <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in India.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JIEID..97..129R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JIEID..97..129R"><span>Classification Studies in an Advanced <span class="hlt">Air</span> Classifier</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Routray, Sunita; Bhima Rao, R.</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>In the present paper, experiments are carried out using VSK separator which is an advanced <span class="hlt">air</span> classifier to recover heavy minerals from beach sand. In classification experiments the cage wheel <span class="hlt">speed</span> and the feed rate are set and the material is fed to the <span class="hlt">air</span> cyclone and split into fine and coarse particles which are collected in separate bags. The size distribution of each fraction was measured by sieve analysis. A model is developed to predict the performance of the <span class="hlt">air</span> classifier. The objective of the present model is to predict the grade efficiency curve for a given set of operating parameters such as cage wheel <span class="hlt">speed</span> and feed rate. The overall experimental data with all variables studied in this investigation is fitted to several models. It is found that the present model is fitting good to the logistic model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16790369','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16790369"><span>Two-step purification of scutellarin from Erigeron breviscapus (vant.) Hand. Mazz. by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gao, Min; Gu, Ming; Liu, Chun-Zhao</p> <p>2006-07-11</p> <p>Scutellarin, a flavone glycoside, popularly applied for the treatment of cardiopathy, has been purified in two-step purification by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) from Erigeron breviscapus (vant.) Hand. Mazz. (Deng-zhan-hua in Chinese), a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant for heart disease. Two solvent systems, n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-acetic acid-water (1:6:1.5:1:4, v/v/v/v/v) and ethyl acetate-n-butanol-acetonitrile-0.1% HCl (5:2:5:10, v/v/v/v) were used for the two-step purification. The purity of the collected fraction of scutellarin was 95.6%. This study supplies a new alternative method for purification of scutellarin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863195','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863195"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> bearing vacuum seal assembly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Booth, Rex</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">air</span> bearing vacuum seal assembly capable of rotating at the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of several thousand revolutions per minute using an <span class="hlt">air</span> cushion to prevent the rotating and stationary parts from touching, and a two stage differential pumping arrangement to maintain the pressure gradient between the <span class="hlt">air</span> cushion and the vacuum so that the leak rate into the vacuum is, for example, less than 1 .times. 10.sup.-4 Pa m.sup.3 /s. The <span class="hlt">air</span> bearing vacuum seal has particular application for mounting rotating targets to an evacuated accelerator beam tube for bombardment of the targets with high-power charged particle beams in vacuum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4214000','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4214000"><span>Working Characteristics of Variable Intake Valve in Compressed <span class="hlt">Air</span> Engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yu, Qihui; Shi, Yan; Cai, Maolin</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A new camless compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine is proposed, which can make the compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> energy reasonably distributed. Through analysis of the camless compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine, a mathematical model of the working processes was set up. Using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation, the pressure, temperature, and <span class="hlt">air</span> mass of the cylinder were obtained. In order to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model, the experiments were conducted. Moreover, performance analysis was introduced to design compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine. Results show that, firstly, the simulation results have good consistency with the experimental results. Secondly, under different intake pressures, the highest output power is obtained when the crank <span class="hlt">speed</span> reaches 500 rpm, which also provides the maximum output torque. Finally, higher energy utilization efficiency can be obtained at the lower <span class="hlt">speed</span>, intake pressure, and valve duration angle. This research can refer to the design of the camless valve of compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> engine. PMID:25379536</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/scram/air-modeling-observational-meteorological-data','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/scram/air-modeling-observational-meteorological-data"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Modeling - Observational Meteorological Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Observed meteorological data for use in <span class="hlt">air</span> quality modeling consist of physical parameters that are measured directly by instrumentation, and include temperature, dew point, wind direction, wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, cloud cover, cloud layer(s), ceiling height,</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4976037','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4976037"><span>Multiple running <span class="hlt">speed</span> signals in medial entorhinal cortex</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hinman, James R.; Brandon, Mark P.; Climer, Jason R.; Chapman, G. William; Hasselmo, Michael E.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) can be modeled using oscillatory interference or attractor dynamic mechanisms that perform path integration, a computation requiring information about running direction and <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The two classes of computational models often use either an oscillatory frequency or a firing rate that increases as a function of running <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Yet it is <span class="hlt">currently</span> not known whether these are two manifestations of the same <span class="hlt">speed</span> signal or dissociable signals with potentially different anatomical substrates. We examined coding of running <span class="hlt">speed</span> in MEC and identified these two <span class="hlt">speed</span> signals to be independent of each other within individual neurons. The medial septum (MS) is strongly linked to locomotor behavior and removal of MS input resulted in strengthening of the firing rate <span class="hlt">speed</span> signal, while decreasing the strength of the oscillatory <span class="hlt">speed</span> signal. Thus two <span class="hlt">speed</span> signals are present in MEC that are differentially affected by disrupted MS input. PMID:27427460</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050169928&hterms=510&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3D510','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050169928&hterms=510&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3D510"><span>Drive Motor Improved for 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel/9- by 15-Foot Low-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Wind Tunnel Complex</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>An operational change made recently in the drive motor system for the 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (8x6 SWT)/9- by 15-Foot Low-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Wind Tunnel (9x15 LSWT) complex resulted in dramatic power savings and expanded operating range. The 8x6 SWT/9x15 LSWT complex offers a unique combination of wind tunnel conditions for both high- and low-<span class="hlt">speed</span> testing. Prior to the work discussed in this article, the 8- by 6-ft test section offered airflows ranging from Mach 0.36 to 2.0. Subsonic testing was done in the 9-ft high, 15-ft wide test area in the return leg of the facility. The <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> in this test section can range from 0 to 175 mph (Mach 0.23). In the past, we varied the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> by using a combination of the compressor <span class="hlt">speed</span> and the position of the tunnel flow-control doors. When very slow <span class="hlt">speeds</span> were required in the 9x15 LSWT, these large tunnel flow control doors might be very nearly full open, bleeding off large quantities of <span class="hlt">air</span>, even with the drive system operating at its previous minimum <span class="hlt">speed</span> of about 510 rpm. Power drawn during this mode of operation varied between 15 and 18 MW/hr, but clearly much of this power was not being used to provide <span class="hlt">air</span> that would be used for testing in the test section. The <span class="hlt">air</span> exiting these large doors represented wasted power. Early this year, the facility's tunnel drive system was run on one motor instead of three to see if lower drive <span class="hlt">speeds</span> could be achieved that would, in turn, result in large power savings because unnecessary <span class="hlt">air</span> would not be blown out of the flow-control doors unnecessarily. In addition, if the drive could be run slower, then slower <span class="hlt">speeds</span> would also be possible in the 8x6 SWT test section as an added benefit. Results of the first tests performed early last year showed that in fact the drive, when operating on only one motor, actually reached a steady-state <span class="hlt">speed</span> of only 337 rpm and drew an amazingly small 6 MW/hr of electrical power. During daytime operation of the drive, this meant that it would be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870008262','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870008262"><span>Calculated performance, stability and maneuverability of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> tilting-prop-rotor aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, Wayne; Lau, Benton H.; Bowles, Jeffrey V.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The feasibility of operating tilting-prop-rotor aircraft at high <span class="hlt">speeds</span> is examined by calculating the performance, stability, and maneuverability of representative configurations. The rotor performance is examined in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cruise and in hover. The whirl-flutter stability of the coupled-wing and rotor motion is calculated in the cruise mode. Maneuverability is examined in terms of the rotor-thrust limit during turns in helicopter configuration. Rotor airfoils, rotor-hub configuration, wing airfoil, and airframe structural weights representing demonstrated advance technology are discussed. Key rotor and airframe parameters are optimized for high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> performance and stability. The basic aircraft-design parameters are optimized for minimum gross weight. To provide a focus for the calculations, two high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> tilt-rotor aircraft are considered: a 46-passenger, civil transport and an <span class="hlt">air</span>-combat/escort fighter, both with design <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of about 400 knots. It is concluded that such high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> tilt-rotor aircraft are quite practical.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JGR....9910087W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JGR....9910087W"><span>The relationship between the microwave radar cross section and both wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and stress: Model function studies using Frontal <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction Experiment data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Weissman, David E.; Davidson, Kenneth L.; Brown, Robert A.; Friehe, Carl A.; Li, Fuk</p> <p>1994-05-01</p> <p>The Frontal <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) provided a unique data set with coincident airborne scatterometer measurements of the ocean surface radar cross section (RCS) (at Ku band) and near-surface wind and wind stress. These data have been analyzed to study new model functions which relate wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and surface friction velocity (square root of the kinematic wind stress) to the radar cross section and to better understand the processes in the boundary layer that have a strong influence on the radar backscatter. Studies of data from FASINEX indicate that the RCS has a different relation to the friction velocity than to the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The difference between the RCS models using these two variables depends on the polarization and the incidence angle. The radar data have been acquired from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne scatterometer. These data span 10 different flight days. Stress measurements were inferred from shipboard instruments and from aircraft flying at low altitudes, closely following the scatterometer. Wide ranges of radar incidence angles and environmental conditions needed to fully develop algorithms are available from this experiment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950031118&hterms=brown+kenneth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dbrown%2Bkenneth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950031118&hterms=brown+kenneth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dbrown%2Bkenneth"><span>The relationship between the microwave radar cross section and both wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and stress: Model function studies using Frontal <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction Experiment data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Weissman, David E.; Davidson, Kenneth L.; Brown, Robert A.; Friehe, Carl A.; Li, Fuk</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The Frontal <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) provided a unique data set with coincident airborne scatterometer measurements of the ocean surface radar cross section (RCS)(at Ku band) and near-surface wind and wind stress. These data have been analyzed to study new model functions which relate wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and surface friction velocity (square root of the kinematic wind stress) to the radar cross section and to better understand the processes in the boundary layer that have a strong influence on the radar backscatter. Studies of data from FASINEX indicate that the RCS has a different relation to the friction velocity than to the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The difference between the RCS models using these two variables depends on the polarization and the incidence angle. The radar data have been acquired from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne scatterometer. These data span 10 different flight days. Stress measurements were inferred from shipboard instruments and from aircraft flying at low altitudes, closely following the scatterometer. Wide ranges of radar incidence angles and environmental conditions needed to fully develop algorithms are available from this experiment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2956773','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2956773"><span>Purification of optical imaging ligand-Cybesin by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ma, Zhiyong; Ma, Ying; Sun, Xilin; Ye, Yunpeng; Shen, Baozhong; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Ito, Yoichiro</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Fluorescent Cybesin (Cypate-Bombesin Peptide Analogue Conjugate) was synthesized from Indocyanine Green (ICG) and the bombesin receptor ligand as a contrast agent for detecting pancreas tumors. However, the LC–MS analysis indicated that the target compound was only a minor component in the reaction mixture. Since preparative HPLC can hardly separate such a small amount of the target compound directly from the original crude reaction mixture without a considerable adsorptive loss onto the solid support, high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) was used for purification since the method uses no solid support and promises high sample recovery. A suitable two-phase solvent system composed of hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/methyl t.-butyl ether/acetonitrile/water) at a volume ratio of 1:1:1:4:4:7 was selected based on the partition coefficient of Cybesin (K ≈ 0.9) determined by LC–MS. The separation was performed in two steps using the same solvent system with lower aqueous mobile phase. From 400 mg of the crude reaction mixture the first separation yielded 7.7 mg of fractions containing the target compound at 12.8% purity, and in the second run 1 mg of Cybesin was obtained at purity of 94.0% with a sample recovery rate of over 95% based on the LC–MS Analysis. PMID:20933483</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050226994','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050226994"><span>Demonstration, Testing and Qualification of a High Temperature, High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Magnetic Thrust Bearing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>DeWitt, Kenneth</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The gas turbine industry has a continued interest in improving engine performance and reducing net operating and maintenance costs. These goals are being realized because of advancements in aeroelasticity, materials, and computational tools such as CFD and engine simulations. These advancements aid in increasing engine thrust-to-weight ratios, specific fuel consumption, pressure ratios, and overall reliability through higher <span class="hlt">speed</span>, higher temperature, and more efficient engine operation. <span class="hlt">Currently</span>, rolling element bearing and squeeze film dampers are used to support rotors in gas turbine engines. Present ball bearing configurations are limited in <span class="hlt">speed</span> (<2 million DN) and temperature (<5OO F) and require both cooling <span class="hlt">air</span> and an elaborate lubrication system. Also, ball bearings require extensive preventative maintenance in order to assure their safe operation. Since these bearings are at their operational limits, new technologies must be found in order to take advantage of other advances. Magnetic bearings are well suited to operate at extreme temperatures and higher rotational <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and are a promising solution to the problems that conventional rolling element bearings present. Magnetic bearing technology is being developed worldwide and is considered an enabling technology for new engine designs. Using magnetic bearings, turbine and compressor spools can be radically redesigned to be significantly larger and stiffer with better damping and higher rotational <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. These advances, a direct result of magnetic bearing technology, will allow significant increases in engine power and efficiency. Also, magnetic bearings allow for real-time, in-situ health monitoring of the system, lower maintenance costs and down time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16161364','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16161364"><span>Comparison of cavity preparation quality using an electric motor handpiece and an <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine dental handpiece.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kenyon, Brian J; Van Zyl, Ian; Louie, Kenneth G</p> <p>2005-08-01</p> <p>The high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> high-torque (electric motor) handpiece is becoming more popular in dental offices and laboratories in the United States. It is reported to cut more precisely and to assist in the creation of finer margins that enhance cavity preparations. The authors conducted an in vitro study to compare the quality of cavity preparations fabricated with a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> high-torque (electric motor) handpiece and a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> low-torque (<span class="hlt">air</span> turbine) handpiece. Eighty-six dental students each cut two Class I preparations, one with an <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine handpiece and the other with an electric motor high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> handpiece. The authors asked the students to cut each preparation accurately to a circular outline and to establish a flat pulpal floor with 1.5 millimeters' depth, 90-degree exit angles, parallel vertical walls and sharp internal line angles, as well as to refine the preparation to achieve flat, smooth walls with a well-defined cavosurface margin. A single faculty member scored the preparations for criteria and refinement using a nine-point scale (range, 1-9). The authors analyzed the data statistically using paired t tests. In preparation criteria, the electric motor high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> handpiece had a higher average grade than did the <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine handpiece (5.07 and 4.90, respectively). For refinement, the average grade for the <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> handpiece was greater than that for the electric motor high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> handpiece (5.72 and 5.52, respectively). The differences were not statistically significant. The electric motor high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> handpiece performed as well as, but not better than, the <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine handpiece in the fabrication of high-quality cavity preparations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ca3165.photos.194236p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ca3165.photos.194236p/"><span>6. GOVERNOR AND <span class="hlt">SPEED</span> CONTROL MECHANISMS TANK, AT LEFT AN ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>6. GOVERNOR AND <span class="hlt">SPEED</span> CONTROL MECHANISMS TANK, AT LEFT AN ACCUMULATOR TANK WHICH STORE <span class="hlt">AIR</span> PRESSURE TO OPEN GATES AND GET GENERATOR STARTED. LARGE TANK AT RIGHT IS THE MAIN GUARD VALVE FOR THE GENERATOR - Los Angeles Aqueduct, Haiwee Power Plant, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-E56-2685.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-E56-2685.html"><span>Wreckage of the X-2 rocket plane was taken to NACA's High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Flight Station for analysis following the 1956 crash that killed <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force pilot Capt. Mel Apt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1956-11-21</p> <p>The X-2, initially an <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force program, was scheduled to be transferred to the civilian National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) for scientific research. The <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force delayed turning the aircraft over to the NACA in the hope of attaining Mach 3 in the airplane. The service requested and received a two-month extension to qualify another <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force test pilot, Capt. Miburn "Mel" Apt, in the X-2 and attempt to exceed Mach 3. After several ground briefings in the simulator, Apt (with no previous rocket plane experience) made his flight on 27 September 1956. Apt raced away from the B-50 under full power, quickly outdistancing the F-100 chase planes. At high altitude, he nosed over, accelerating rapidly. The X-2 reached Mach 3.2 (2,094 mph) at 65,000 feet. Apt became the first man to fly more than three times the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound. Still above Mach 3, he began an abrupt turn back to Edwards. This maneuver proved fatal as the X-2 began a series of diverging rolls and tumbled out of control. Apt tried to regain control of the aircraft. Unable to do so, Apt separated the escape capsule. Too late, he attempted to bail out and was killed when the capsule impacted on the Edwards bombing range. The rest of the X-2 crashed five miles away. The wreckage of the X-2 rocket plane was later taken to NACA's High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Flight Station for analysis following the crash.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070019319','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070019319"><span>Advanced <span class="hlt">Air</span> Data Systems for Commercial Aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>It is possible to get a crude estimate of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and direction while driving a car at night in the rain, with the motion of the raindrop reflections in the headlights providing clues about the wind. The clues are difficult to interpret, though, because of the relative motions of ground, car, <span class="hlt">air</span>, and raindrops. More subtle interpretation is possible if the rain is replaced by fog, because the tiny droplets would follow the swirling <span class="hlt">currents</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> around an illuminated object, like, for example, a walking pedestrian. Microscopic particles in the <span class="hlt">air</span> (aerosols) are better for helping make assessments of the wind, and reflective <span class="hlt">air</span> molecules are best of all, providing the most refined measurements. It takes a bright light to penetrate fog, so it is easy to understand how other factors, like replacing the headlights with the intensity of a searchlight, can be advantageous. This is the basic principle behind a lidar system. While a radar system transmits a pulse of radiofrequency energy and interprets the received reflections, a lidar system works in a similar fashion, substituting a near-optical laser pulse. The technique allows the measurement of relative positions and velocities between the transmitter and the <span class="hlt">air</span>, which allows measurements of relative wind and of <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature (because temperature is associated with high-frequency random motions on a molecular level). NASA, as well as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), have interests in this advanced lidar technology, as much of their explorative research requires the ability to measure winds and turbulent regions within the atmosphere. Lidar also shows promise for providing warning of turbulent regions within the National Airspace System to allow commercial aircraft to avoid encounters with turbulence and thereby increase the safety of the traveling public. Both agencies <span class="hlt">currently</span> employ lidar and optical sensing for a variety of weather-related research projects, such as analyzing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/27451','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/27451"><span>Modal shift and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail : a review of the <span class="hlt">current</span> literature.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>This report provides a review of scholarly literature with direct relevance to the topic of modal shift and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail (HSR). : HSR systems are usually planned on the expectation that they will attract riders who would have chosen other modes (s...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.A13G0301S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.A13G0301S"><span>Mixture distributions of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> in the UAE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shin, J.; Ouarda, T.; Lee, T. S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> probability distribution is commonly used to estimate potential wind energy. The 2-parameter Weibull distribution has been most widely used to characterize the distribution of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. However, it is unable to properly model wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> regimes when wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> distribution presents bimodal and kurtotic shapes. Several studies have concluded that the Weibull distribution should not be used for frequency analysis of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> without investigation of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> distribution. Due to these mixture distributional characteristics of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> data, the application of mixture distributions should be further investigated in the frequency analysis of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. A number of studies have investigated the potential wind energy in different parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Mixture distributional characteristics of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> were detected from some of these studies. Nevertheless, mixture distributions have not been employed for wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> modeling in the Arabian Peninsula. In order to improve our understanding of wind energy potential in Arabian Peninsula, mixture distributions should be tested for the frequency analysis of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The aim of the <span class="hlt">current</span> study is to assess the suitability of mixture distributions for the frequency analysis of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> in the UAE. Hourly mean wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> data at 10-m height from 7 stations were used in the <span class="hlt">current</span> study. The Weibull and Kappa distributions were employed as representatives of the conventional non-mixture distributions. 10 mixture distributions are used and constructed by mixing four probability distributions such as Normal, Gamma, Weibull and Extreme value type-one (EV-1) distributions. Three parameter estimation methods such as Expectation Maximization algorithm, Least Squares method and Meta-Heuristic Maximum Likelihood (MHML) method were employed to estimate the parameters of the mixture distributions. In order to compare the goodness-of-fit of tested distributions and parameter estimation methods for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..302a2078Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..302a2078Z"><span>Measurements and Experimental Database Review for Laminar Flame <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Premixed Ch4/<span class="hlt">Air</span> Flames</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zubrilin, I. A.; Matveev, S. S.; Matveev, S. G.; Idrisov, D. V.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> (SL ) of CH4 was determined at atmospheric pressure and initial gas temperatures in range from 298 to 358 K. The heat flux method was employed to measure the flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> in non-stretched flames. The kinetic mechanism GRI 3.0 [1] were used to simulate SL . The measurements were compared with available literature results. The data determined with the heat flux method agree with some previous burner measurements and disagree with the data from some vessel closed method and counterflow method. The GRI 3.0 mechanism was able to reproduce the present experiments. Laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> was determined at pressures range from of 1 to 20 atmospheres through mechanism GRI 3.0. Based on experimental data and calculations was obtained SL dependence on pressure and temperature. The resulting of dependence recommended use during the numerical simulation of methane combustion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/45922','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/45922"><span>Interactive effects of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems in the United States: <span class="hlt">current</span> understanding and future scenarios</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Andrzej Bytnerowicz; Mark Fenn; Steven McNulty; Fengming Yuan; Afshin Pourmokhtarian; Charles Driscoll; Tom Meixner</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A review of the <span class="hlt">current</span> status of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and climate change (CC) in the United States from a perspective of their impacts on forest ecosystems is provided. Ambient ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition have important and widespread ecological impacts in U.S. forests. Effects of sulphurous (S) <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants and other trace pollutants have...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDA25005A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDA25005A"><span>Experimental and numerical study of windage losses in the small gap region of a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> electric motor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, Kevin; Lin, Jun T.; Wong, Alexander J.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Research findings of an experimental and numerical investigation of windage losses in the small annular <span class="hlt">air</span> gap region between the stator and rotor of a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> electric motor are presented herein. The experimental set-up is used to empirically measure the windage losses in the motor by measuring torque and rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The motor rotor spins at roughly 30,000 rpm and the rotor sets up windage losses on the order of 100 W. Axial <span class="hlt">air</span> flow of 200 L/min is used to cool the motor, thus setting up a pseudo Taylor-Couette Poiseuille type of flow. Details of the experimental test apparatus, instrumentation and data acquisition are given. Experimental data for spin-down (both actively and passively cooled) and calibration of bearing windage losses are discussed. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed and used to predict the torque <span class="hlt">speed</span> curve and windage losses in the motor. The CFD model is correlated with the experimental data. The CFD model is also used to predict the formation of the Taylor-Couette cells in the small gap region of the high <span class="hlt">speed</span> motor. Results for windage losses, spin-down time constant, bearing losses, and torque of the motor versus cooling <span class="hlt">air</span> mass flow rate and rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span> are presented in this study. Mechanical Engineering.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22679253-th-basics-current-implementations-ultrasound-imaging-shear-wave-speed-elasticity','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22679253-th-basics-current-implementations-ultrasound-imaging-shear-wave-speed-elasticity"><span>TH-A-207B-01: Basics and <span class="hlt">Current</span> Implementations of Ultrasound Imaging of Shear Wave <span class="hlt">Speed</span> and Elasticity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chen, S.</p> <p></p> <p>Imaging of tissue elastic properties is a relatively new and powerful approach to one of the oldest and most important diagnostic tools. Imaging of shear wave <span class="hlt">speed</span> with ultrasound is has been added to most high-end ultrasound systems. Understanding this exciting imaging mode aiding its most effective use in medicine can be a rewarding effort for medical physicists and other medical imaging and treatment professionals. Assuring consistent, quantitative measurements across the many ultrasound systems in a typical imaging department will constitute a major step toward realizing the great potential of this technique and other quantitative imaging. This session will targetmore » these two goals with two presentations. A. Basics and <span class="hlt">Current</span> Implementations of Ultrasound Imaging of Shear Wave <span class="hlt">Speed</span> and Elasticity - Shigao Chen, Ph.D. Learning objectives-To understand: Introduction: Importance of tissue elasticity measurement Strain vs. shear wave elastography (SWE), beneficial features of SWE The link between shear wave <span class="hlt">speed</span> and material properties, influence of viscosity Generation of shear waves External vibration (Fibroscan) ultrasound radiation force Point push Supersonic push (Aixplorer) Comb push (GE Logiq E9) Detection of shear waves Motion detection from pulse-echo ultrasound Importance of frame rate for shear wave imaging Plane wave imaging detection How to achieve high effective frame rate using line-by-line scanners Shear wave <span class="hlt">speed</span> calculation Time to peak Random sample consensus (RANSAC) Cross correlation Sources of bias and variation in SWE Tissue viscosity Transducer compression or internal pressure of organ Reflection of shear waves at boundaries B. Elasticity Imaging System Biomarker Qualification and User Testing of Systems – Brian Garra, M.D. Learning objectives-To understand: Goals Review the need for quantitative medical imaging Provide examples of quantitative imaging biomarkers Acquaint the participant with the purpose of the RSNA Quantitative</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA556484','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA556484"><span>Development of a Spherical Combustion Chamber for Measuring Laminar Flame <span class="hlt">Speeds</span> in Navy Bulk Fuels and Biofuel Blends</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>determine laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> using the spherical flame method. An experimental combustion chamber, based on the constant-volume bomb method, was...INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK v ABSTRACT This thesis presents the results of an experimental study to determine laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> using the spherical...for ethane/<span class="hlt">air</span> flames at various pressures reproduced from [6]....................8 Figure 4. Experimentally determined laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> as a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090016320','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090016320"><span>A Brief Study of the <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Reduction of Overtaking Airplanes by Means of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Brakes, Special Report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pearson, H. A.; Amderspm. R. F.</p> <p>1942-01-01</p> <p>As an aid to airplane designers interested in providing pursuit airplanes with decelerating devices intended to increase the firing time when overtaking another airplane, formulas are given relating the pertinent distances and <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in horizontal flight to the drag increase required. Charts are given for a representative parasite-drag coefficient from which the drag increase, the time gained, and the closing distance may be found. The charts are made up for three values of the ratio of the final <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the pursuing airplane to the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the pursued airplane and for several values of the ratio of the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the pursued airplane to the initial <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the pursuing airplane. Charts are also given indicating the drag increases obtainable with double split flaps and with conventional propellers. The use of the charts is illustrated by an example in which it is indicated that either double split flaps or, under certain ideal conditions, reversible propellers should provide the <span class="hlt">speed</span> reductions required.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5330584','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5330584"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> OCT light sources and systems [Invited</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Klein, Thomas; Huber, Robert</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Imaging <span class="hlt">speed</span> is one of the most important parameters that define the performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. During the last two decades, OCT <span class="hlt">speed</span> has increased by over three orders of magnitude. New developments in wavelength-swept lasers have repeatedly been crucial for this development. In this review, we discuss the historical evolution and <span class="hlt">current</span> state of the art of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> OCT systems, with focus on wavelength swept light sources and swept source OCT systems. PMID:28270988</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1930b0026I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1930b0026I"><span>DC motor <span class="hlt">speed</span> control using fuzzy logic controller</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ismail, N. L.; Zakaria, K. A.; Nazar, N. S. Moh; Syaripuddin, M.; Mokhtar, A. S. N.; Thanakodi, S.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The automatic control has played a vital role in the advance of engineering and science. Nowadays in industries, the control of direct <span class="hlt">current</span> (DC) motor is a common practice thus the implementation of DC motor controller <span class="hlt">speed</span> is important. The main purpose of motor <span class="hlt">speed</span> control is to keep the rotation of the motor at the present <span class="hlt">speed</span> and to drive a system at the demand <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The main purpose of this project is to control <span class="hlt">speed</span> of DC Series Wound Motor using Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The expectation of this project is the Fuzzy Logic Controller will get the best performance compared to dc motor without controller in terms of settling time (Ts), rise time (Tr), peak time (Tp) and percent overshoot (%OS).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650293','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650293"><span>Isolation and purification of orientin and vitexin from Trollius chinensis Bunge by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yu, Xiao-Xue; Huang, Jie-Yun; Xu, Dan; Xie, Zhi-Yong; Xie, Zhi-Sheng; Xu, Xin-Jun</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Orientin and vitexin are the two main bioactive compounds in Trollius chinensis Bunge. In this study, a rapid method was established for the isolation and purification of orientin and vitexin from T. chinensis Bunge using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography in one step, with a solvent system of ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (4:1:5, v/v/v). A total of 9.8 mg orientin and 2.1 mg vitexin were obtained from 100 mg of the ethyl acetate extract, with purities of 99.2% and 96.0%, respectively. Their structures were identified by UV, MS and NMR. The method was efficient and convenient, which could be used for the preparative separation of orientin and vitexin from T. chinensis Bunge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430664','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430664"><span>[<span class="hlt">Air</span> rescue: <span class="hlt">current</span> significance and practical issues].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schellhaaß, A; Popp, E</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Germany has a nationwide and powerful helicopter emergency medical services system (HEMS), which executes primary rescue missions and interhospital transfer of intensive care patients. In recent years the range of HEMS missions has become modified due to demographic changes and structural changes in the healthcare system. Furthermore, the number of HEMS missions is steadily increasing. If reasonably used <span class="hlt">air</span> rescue contributes to desired reductions in overall preclinical time. Moreover, it facilitates prompt transport of patients to a hospital suitable for definitive medical care and treatment can be initiated earlier which is a particular advantage for severely injured and critically ill patients. Because of complex challenges during <span class="hlt">air</span> rescue missions the qualifications of the HEMS personnel have to be considerably higher in comparison with ground based emergency medical services.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26625','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26625"><span>Higher <span class="hlt">speed</span> freight truck : structural analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>Sharma & Associates, Inc. (SA) had previously (20052009) developed a higher <span class="hlt">speed</span> freight truck under sponsorship ofthe : Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). Under the <span class="hlt">current</span> contract, SA wastasked with developing performance requirements : fo...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-ARC-20171010-AAV3040-Supersonic-GfxPkg-NASAWeb.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-ARC-20171010-AAV3040-Supersonic-GfxPkg-NASAWeb.html"><span>Flying Faster Than The <span class="hlt">Speed</span> of Sound</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-10-10</p> <p>It's been 70 years since Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in his experimental airplane, the X-1. Today, NASA is working to make supersonic <span class="hlt">air</span> travel across the U.S. a reality with its Low Boom Flight Demonstration aircraft. Decades of NASA research in supersonics have gone into the unique design of this aircraft, which aims to reduce the loudness of the sonic boom associated with planes traveling faster than the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29498678','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29498678"><span>Isolation and Purification of Two Isoflavones from Hericium erinaceum Mycelium by High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Counter-<span class="hlt">Current</span> Chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>He, Jinzhe; Fan, Peng; Feng, Simin; Shao, Ping; Sun, Peilong</p> <p>2018-03-02</p> <p>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) was used to separate and purify two isoflavones for the first time from Hericium erinaceum ( H. erinaceum ) mycelium using a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-dichloromethane-methanol-water (4:2:3:2, v / v / v / v ). These two isoflavones were identified as genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone, C 15 H 10 O₅) and daidzein (4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone, C 15 H 10 O₄), using infrared spectroscopy (IR), electro-spary ionisation mass (ESI-MS), ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13 C-NMR spectra. About 23 mg genistein with 95.7% purity and 18 mg daidzein with 97.3% purity were isolated from 150 mg ethanolic extract of H. erinaceum mycelium. The results demonstrated that HSCCC was a feasible method to separate and purify genistein and daidzein from H. erinaceum mycelium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70041708','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70041708"><span>The influence of <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span> and vegetation density on flow structure in two macrotidal eelgrass canopies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lacy, Jessica R.; Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The influence of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on near-bed <span class="hlt">currents</span>, turbulence, and drag was investigated at three sites in two eelgrass canopies of differing density and at one unvegetated site in the San Juan archipelago of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Eelgrass blade length exceeded 1 m. Velocity profiles up to 1.5 m above the sea floor were collected over a spring-neap tidal cycle with a downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler above the canopies and two acoustic Doppler velocimeters within the canopies. The eelgrass attenuated <span class="hlt">currents</span> by a minimum of 40%, and by more than 70% at the most densely vegetated site. Attenuation decreased with increasing <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The data were compared to the shear-layer model of vegetated flows and the displaced logarithmic model. Velocity profiles outside the meadows were logarithmic. Within the canopies, most profiles were consistent with the shear-layer model, with a logarithmic layer above the canopy. However, at the less-dense sites, when <span class="hlt">currents</span> were strong, shear at the sea floor and above the canopy was significant relative to shear at the top of the canopy, and the velocity profiles more closely resembled those in a rough-wall boundary layer. Turbulence was strong at the canopy top and decreased with height. Friction velocity at the canopy top was 1.5–2 times greater than at the unvegetated, sandy site. The coefficient of drag CD on the overlying flow derived from the logarithmic velocity profile above the canopy, was 3–8 times greater than at the unvegetated site (0.01–0.023 vs. 2.9 × 10−3).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1307886','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1307886"><span>Feedback interventions and driving <span class="hlt">speed</span>: A parametric and comparative analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Houten, Ron Van; Nau, Paul A.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Five experiments were conducted to assess the effects of several variables on the efficacy of feedback in reducing driving <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Experiment 1 systematically varied the criterion used to define <span class="hlt">speeding</span>, and results showed that the use of a lenient criterion (20 km/hr over the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit), which allowed for the posting of high percentages of drivers not <span class="hlt">speeding</span>, was more effective in reducing <span class="hlt">speeding</span> than the use of a stringent criterion (10 km/hr over the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit). In Experiment 2 an analysis revealed that posting feedback reduced <span class="hlt">speeding</span> on a limited access highway and the effects persisted to some degree up to 6 km. Experiments 3 and 4 compared the effectiveness of an unmanned parked police vehicle (Experiment 3) and a police <span class="hlt">air</span> patrol <span class="hlt">speeding</span> program (Experiment 4) with the feedback sign and determined whether the presence of either of these enforcement variables could potentiate the efficacy of the sign. The results of both experiments demonstrated that although the two enforcement programs initially produced larger effects than the feedback sign, the magnitude of their effect attenuated over time. Experiment 5 compared the effectiveness of a traditional enforcement program with a warning program which included handing out a flier providing feedback on the number and types of accidents occuring on the road during the past year. This experiment demonstrated that the warning program produced a marked reduction in <span class="hlt">speeding</span> and the traditional enforcement program did not. Furthermore, the warning program and a feedback sign together produced an even greater reduction in <span class="hlt">speeding</span> than either alone. PMID:16795666</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890018277','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890018277"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A system study of the potential for a high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> commercial transport has addressed technological, economic, and environmental constraints. Market projections indicate a need for fleets of transports with supersonic or greater cruise <span class="hlt">speeds</span> by the year 2000 to 2005. The associated design requirements called for a vehicle to carry 250 to 300 passengers over a range of 5,000 to 6,000 nautical miles. The study was initially unconstrained in terms of vehicle characteristic, such as cruise <span class="hlt">speed</span>, propulsion systems, fuels, or structural materials. Analyses led to a focus on the most promising vehicle concepts. These were concepts that used a kerosene-type fuel and cruised at Mach numbers between 2.0 to 3.2. Further systems study identified the impact of environmental constraints (for community noise, sonic boom, and engine emissions) on economic attractiveness and technological needs. Results showed that <span class="hlt">current</span> technology cannot produce a viable high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport; significant advances are required to reduce takeoff gross weight and allow for both economic attractiveness and environmental accepatability. Specific technological requirements were identified to meet these needs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23891210','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23891210"><span>Dynamic pH junction high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography coupled with microwave-assisted extraction for online separation and purification of alkaloids from Stephania cepharantha.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yuan, Zhiquan; Xiao, Xiaohua; Li, Gongke</p> <p>2013-11-22</p> <p>A simple and efficient dynamic pH junction high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography method was developed and further applied to the online extraction, separation and purification of alkaloids from Stephania cepharantha by coupling with microwave-assisted extraction. Mineral acid and organic base were added into the mobile phase and the sample solution, respectively, leading to the formation of a dynamic pH junction in the column and causing focus of alkaloids. Selective focus of analytes can be achieved on the basis of velocity changes of the pH junction through appropriate selection of solvent systems and optimization of additive concentrations. The extract can be directly introduced into the HSCCC for the online extraction, separation and purification of alkaloids from S. cepharantha. Continuous separation can be easily achieved with the same solvent system. Under the optimum conditions, 6.0 g original sample was extracted with 60 mL of the upper phase of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:1:1:1, v/v/v/v) containing 10% triethylamine under 50 °C and 400 W irradiation power for 10 min, the extracts were directly separated and purified by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography. A total of 5.7 mg sinomenine, 8.3mg 6,7-di-O-acetylsinococuline, 17.9 mg berbamine, 12.7 mg isotetrandrine and 14.6 mg cepharanthine were obtained with purities of 96.7%, 93.7%, 98.7%, 97.3% and 99.3%, respectively. The online method provides good selectivity to ionizable compounds and improves the separation and purification efficiency of the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography technique. It has good potential for separation and purification of effective compounds from natural products. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29696842','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29696842"><span>[Effects of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> on drying processes of fuelbeds composed of Mongolian oak broad-leaves.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Li Bin; Sun, Ping; Jin, Sen</p> <p>2016-11-18</p> <p>Water desorption processes of fuel beds with Mongolian oak broad-leaves were observed under conditions with various wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> but nearly constant <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and humidity. The effects of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> on drying coefficients of fuel beds with various moisture contents were analyzed. Three phases of drying process, namely high initial moisture content (>75%) of phase 1, transition state of phase 2, and equilibrium phase III could be identified. During phase 1, water loss rate under higher wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> was higher than that under lower wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Water loss rate under higher wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> was lower than that under lower wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> during phase 2. During phase 3, water loss rates under different wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> were similar. The wind effects decreased with the decrease of fuel moisture. The drying coefficient of the Mongolian oak broad-leaves fuel beds was affected by wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and fuel bed compactness, and the interaction between these two factors. The coefficient increased with wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> roughly in a monotonic cubic polynomial form.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhyEd..49..310G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhyEd..49..310G"><span>Direct measurement of the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound using a microphone and a speaker</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gómez-Tejedor, José A.; Castro-Palacio, Juan C.; Monsoriu, Juan A.</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>We present a simple and accurate experiment to obtain the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in <span class="hlt">air</span> using a conventional speaker and a microphone connected to a computer. A free open source digital audio editor and recording computer software application allows determination of the time-of-flight of the wave for different distances, from which the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound is calculated. The result is in very good agreement with the reported value in the literature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..12212786V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..12212786V"><span>Features of Upward Positive Leaders Initiated From Towers in Natural Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Based on Simultaneous High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Videos, Measured <span class="hlt">Currents</span>, and Electric Fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Visacro, Silverio; Guimaraes, Miguel; Murta Vale, Maria Helena</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Original simultaneous records of <span class="hlt">currents</span>, close electric field, and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> videos of natural negative cloud-to-ground lightning striking the tower of Morro do Cachimbo Station are used to reveal typical features of upward positive leaders before the attachment, including their initiation and mode of propagation. According to the results, upward positive leaders initiate some hundreds of microseconds prior to the return stroke, while a continuous uprising <span class="hlt">current</span> of about 4 A and superimposed pulses of a few tens amperes flow along the tower. Upon leader initiation, the electric field measured 50 m away from the tower at ground level is about 60 kV/m. The corresponding average field roughly estimated 0.5 m above the tower top is higher than 0.55 MV/m. As in laboratory experiments, the common propagation mode of upward positive leaders is developing continuously, without steps, from their initiation. Unlike downward negative leaders, upward positive leaders typically do not branch off, though they can bifurcate under the effect of a downward negative leader's secondary branch approaching their lateral surface. The upward positive leader's estimated average two-dimensional propagation <span class="hlt">speed</span>, in the range of 0.06 × 106 to 0.16 × 106 m/s, has the same order of magnitude as that of downward negative leaders. Apparently, the <span class="hlt">speed</span> tends to increase just before attachment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080014180&hterms=fall&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DTitle%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dfall','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080014180&hterms=fall&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DTitle%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dfall"><span>Observations of Precipitation Size and Fall <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Characteristics within Coexisting Rain and Wet Snow</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yuter, Sandra E.; Kingsmill, David E.; Nance, Louisa B.; Loeffler-Mang, Martin</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Ground-based measurements of particle size and fall <span class="hlt">speed</span> distributions using a Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer are compa red among samples obtained in mixed precipitation (rain and wet snow) and rain in the Oregon Cascade Mountains and in dry snow in the Rock y Mountains of Colorado. Coexisting rain and snow particles are distinguished using a classification method based on their size and fall sp eed properties. The bimodal distribution of the particles' joint fall <span class="hlt">speed</span>-size characteristics at <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures from 0.5 to 0 C suggests that wet-snow particles quickly make a transition to rain once mel ting has progressed sufficiently. As <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures increase to 1.5 C, the reduction in the number of very large aggregates with a diame ter > 10 mm coincides with the appearance of rain particles larger than 6 mm. In this setting. very large raindrops appear to be the result of aggregates melting with minimal breakup rather than formation by c oalescence. In contrast to dry snow and rain, the fall <span class="hlt">speed</span> for wet snow has a much weaker correlation between increasing size and increasing fall <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Wet snow has a larger standard deviation of fall spee d (120%-230% relative to dry snow) for a given particle size. The ave rage fall <span class="hlt">speed</span> for observed wet-snow particles with a diameter great er than or equal to 2.4 mm is 2 m/s with a standard deviation of 0.8 m/s. The large standard deviation is likely related to the coexistence of particles of similar physical size with different percentages of melting. These results suggest that different particle sizes are not required for aggregation since wet-snow particles of the same size can have different fall <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. Given the large standard deviation of fa ll <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in wet snow, the collision efficiency for wet snow is likely larger than that of dry snow. For particle sizes between 1 and 10 mm in diameter within mixed precipitation, rain constituted I % of the particles by volume within the isothermal layer</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29248246','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29248246"><span>[Children exposure to PM10 on the way to school: Regulatory impact of <span class="hlt">speed</span> regulation under 30km/h].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Prud'homme, J</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In Paris, <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution is now a persistent environmental problem, especially linked to diesel cars in circulation. Exposure of children to <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution during the journey from home to school, which takes place during peak hours of traffic, is poorly documented. The purpose of this work was to identify spaces less exposed to PM10 pollution. We identified spatial recurrences in the relative distribution of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution levels using PM10 geolocated measures taken along a fixed circuit, crossing, among others, a <span class="hlt">speed</span> regulation zone (<30km/h). Measurements were made eight mornings between 8 and 9 a.m., in April and September 2016 in the 14th district of Paris. We obtained a hierarchical classification of spaces in terms of recurrence of relative levels of PM10 concentration. The cartography of the results revealed that the spaces more exposed to high concentrations were found similarly along main roads, side streets and <span class="hlt">speed</span> regulation<30km/h) zones. These findings suggest <span class="hlt">speed</span> regulation is insufficient to reduce individual exposure in city streets. Elements linked to the functional aspects of the street (commercial/residential) were apparently as important as traffic <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110014594','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110014594"><span>Ocean Winds and Turbulent <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Fluxes Inferred From Remote Sensing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bourassa, Mark A.; Gille, Sarah T.; Jackson, Daren L.; Roberts, J. Brent; Wick, Gary A.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span>-sea turbulent fluxes determine the exchange of momentum, heat, freshwater, and gas between the atmosphere and ocean. These exchange processes are critical to a broad range of research questions spanning length scales from meters to thousands of kilometers and time scales from hours to decades. Examples are discussed (section 2). The estimation of surface turbulent fluxes from satellite is challenging and fraught with considerable errors (section 3); however, recent developments in retrievals (section 3) will greatly reduce these errors. Goals for the future observing system are summarized in section 4. Surface fluxes are defined as the rate per unit area at which something (e.g., momentum, energy, moisture, or CO Z ) is transferred across the <span class="hlt">air</span>/sea interface. Wind- and buoyancy-driven surface fluxes are called surface turbulent fluxes because the mixing and transport are due to turbulence. Examples of nonturbulent processes are radiative fluxes (e.g., solar radiation) and precipitation (Schmitt et al., 2010). Turbulent fluxes are strongly dependent on wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>; therefore, observations of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> are critical for the calculation of all turbulent surface fluxes. Wind stress, the vertical transport of horizontal momentum, also depends on wind direction. Stress is very important for many ocean processes, including upper ocean <span class="hlt">currents</span> (Dohan and Maximenko, 2010) and deep ocean <span class="hlt">currents</span> (Lee et al., 2010). On short time scales, this horizontal transport is usually small compared to surface fluxes. For long-term processes, transport can be very important but again is usually small compared to surface fluxes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ChJME..26..384Q','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ChJME..26..384Q"><span>Effect of electrical <span class="hlt">current</span> on the tribological behavior of the Cu-WS2-G composites in <span class="hlt">air</span> and vacuum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Qian, Gang; Feng, Yi; Li, Bin; Huang, Shiyin; Liu, Hongjuan; Ding, Kewang</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>As the traditional graphite-based composites cannot meet the requirement of rapid developing modern industry, novel sliding electrical contact materials with high self-lubricating performance in multiple environments are eagerly required. Herein a copper-based composite with WS2 and graphite as solid lubricant are fabricated by powder metallurgy hot-pressed method. The friction and wear behaviors of the composites with and without <span class="hlt">current</span> are investigated under the condition with sliding velocity of 10 m/s and normal load of 2.5 N/cm2 in both <span class="hlt">air</span> and vacuum. Morphologies of the worn surfaces are observed by optical microscope and compositions of the lubricating films are analyzed by XPS. Surface profile curves and roughness of the worn surfaces are obtained by 2205 surface profiler. The results of wear tests show that the friction coefficient and wear volume loss of the composites with <span class="hlt">current</span> are greater than that without <span class="hlt">current</span> in both <span class="hlt">air</span> and vacuum due to the adverse effects of electrical <span class="hlt">current</span> which damaged the lubricating film partially and roughed the worn surfaces. XPS results demonstrate that the lubricating film formed in <span class="hlt">air</span> is composed of oxides of Cu, WS2, elemental S and graphite, while the lubricating film formed in vacuum is composed of Cu, WS2 and graphite. Because of the synergetic lubricating action of oxides of Cu, WS2 and graphite, the composites show low friction coefficient and wear volume loss in <span class="hlt">air</span> condition. Owing to the fact that graphite loses its lubricity which makes WS2 become the only lubricant, severe adhesive and abrasive wear occur and result in a high value of wear rate in vacuum condition. The formation of the lubricating film on the contact interface between the brush and ring is one of the factors which can greatly affect the wear performance of the brushes. The low contact voltage drop of the composites in vacuum condition is attributed to the high content of Cu in the surface film. This study fabricated a kind of new</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120013820','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120013820"><span>Quiet High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Fan II (QHSF II): Final Report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kontos, Karen; Weir, Don; Ross, Dave</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This report details the aerodynamic, mechanical, structural design and fabrication of a Honey Engines Quiet High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Fan II (lower hub/tip ratio and higher specific flow than the Baseline I fan). This fan/nacelle system incorporates features such as advanced forward sweep and an advanced integrated fan/fan exit guide vane design that provides for the following characteristics: (1) Reduced noise at supersonic tip <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, in comparison to <span class="hlt">current</span> state-of-the-art fan technology; (2) Improved aeroelastic stability within the anticipated operating envelope; and (3) Aerodynamic performance consistent with <span class="hlt">current</span> state-of-the-art fan technology. This fan was fabricated by Honeywell and tested in the NASA Glenn 9- by 15-Ft Low <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Wind Tunnel for aerodynamic, aeromechanical, and acoustic performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120000548','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120000548"><span>Optical <span class="hlt">air</span> data systems and methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Spaeth, Lisa G. (Inventor); O'Brien, Martin (Inventor); Tang, Shoou-yu (Inventor); Acott, Phillip E. (Inventor); Caldwell, Loren M. (Inventor)</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Systems and methods for sensing <span class="hlt">air</span> includes at least one, and in some embodiments three, transceivers for projecting the laser energy as laser radiation to the <span class="hlt">air</span>. The transceivers are scanned or aligned along several different axes. Each transceiver receives laser energy as it is backscattered from the <span class="hlt">air</span>. A computer processes signals from the transceivers to distinguish molecular scattered laser radiation from aerosol scattered laser radiation and determines <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures, wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, and wind directions based on the scattered laser radiation. Applications of the system to wind power site evaluation, wind turbine control, traffic safety, general meteorological monitoring and airport safety are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29604759','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29604759"><span>Design and development of a low cost, high <span class="hlt">current</span> density power supply for streamer free atmospheric pressure DBD plasma generation in <span class="hlt">air</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jain, Vishal; Visani, Anand; Srinivasan, R; Agarwal, Vivek</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This paper presents a new power supply architecture for generating a uniform dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in <span class="hlt">air</span> medium at atmospheric pressure. It is quite a challenge to generate atmospheric pressure uniform glow discharge plasma, especially in <span class="hlt">air</span>. This is because <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma needs very high voltage for initiation of discharge. If the high voltage is used along with high <span class="hlt">current</span> density, it leads to the formation of streamers, which is undesirable for most applications like textile treatment, etc. Researchers have tried to generate high-density plasma using a RF source, nanosecond pulsed DC source, and medium frequency AC source. However, these solutions suffer from low <span class="hlt">current</span> discharge and low efficiency due to the addition of an external resistor to control the discharge <span class="hlt">current</span>. Moreover, they are relatively costly and bulky. This paper presents a new power supply configuration which is very compact and generates high average density (∼0.28 W/cm 2 ) uniform glow DBD plasma in <span class="hlt">air</span> at atmospheric pressure. The efficiency is also higher as no external resistor is required to control the discharge <span class="hlt">current</span>. An inherent feature of this topology is that it can drive higher <span class="hlt">current</span> oscillations (∼50 A peak and 2-3 MHz frequency) into the plasma that damp out due to the plasma dissipation only. A newly proposed model has been used with experimental validation in this paper. Simulations and experimental validation of the proposed topology are included. Also, the application of the generated plasma for polymer film treatment is demonstrated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RScI...89c3502J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RScI...89c3502J"><span>Design and development of a low cost, high <span class="hlt">current</span> density power supply for streamer free atmospheric pressure DBD plasma generation in <span class="hlt">air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jain, Vishal; Visani, Anand; Srinivasan, R.; Agarwal, Vivek</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This paper presents a new power supply architecture for generating a uniform dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in <span class="hlt">air</span> medium at atmospheric pressure. It is quite a challenge to generate atmospheric pressure uniform glow discharge plasma, especially in <span class="hlt">air</span>. This is because <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma needs very high voltage for initiation of discharge. If the high voltage is used along with high <span class="hlt">current</span> density, it leads to the formation of streamers, which is undesirable for most applications like textile treatment, etc. Researchers have tried to generate high-density plasma using a RF source, nanosecond pulsed DC source, and medium frequency AC source. However, these solutions suffer from low <span class="hlt">current</span> discharge and low efficiency due to the addition of an external resistor to control the discharge <span class="hlt">current</span>. Moreover, they are relatively costly and bulky. This paper presents a new power supply configuration which is very compact and generates high average density (˜0.28 W/cm2) uniform glow DBD plasma in <span class="hlt">air</span> at atmospheric pressure. The efficiency is also higher as no external resistor is required to control the discharge <span class="hlt">current</span>. An inherent feature of this topology is that it can drive higher <span class="hlt">current</span> oscillations (˜50 A peak and 2-3 MHz frequency) into the plasma that damp out due to the plasma dissipation only. A newly proposed model has been used with experimental validation in this paper. Simulations and experimental validation of the proposed topology are included. Also, the application of the generated plasma for polymer film treatment is demonstrated.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=speed&pg=4&id=EJ941710','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=speed&pg=4&id=EJ941710"><span>The Effects of a Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon on Vehicle <span class="hlt">Speed</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>VanWagner, Michelle; Van Houten, Ron; Betts, Brian</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In 2008, nearly 31% of vehicle fatalities were related to failure to adhere to safe vehicle <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA], 2009). The <span class="hlt">current</span> study evaluated the effect of a rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (RRFB) triggered by excessive <span class="hlt">speed</span> on vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span> using a combined alternating treatments and reversal…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842644','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842644"><span>Preparative isolation and purification of three sesquiterpenoid lactones from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yan, Guilong; Ji, Lilian; Luo, Yuming; Hu, Yonghong</p> <p>2012-07-27</p> <p>A high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) method was established for the preparative separation of three sesquiterpenoid lactones from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. The two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:4:2:3, v/v/v/v) was selected. From 540 mg of the n-butanol fraction of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC., 10.8 mg of 3β-hydroxy-8β-[4'-hydroxytigloyloxy]-costunolide, 17.9 mg of eupalinolide A and 19.3 mg of eupalinolide B were obtained in a one-step HSCCC separation, with purities of 91.8%, 97.9% and 97.1%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. Their structures were further identified by ESI-MS and ¹H-NMR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol5-sec154-1864.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol5-sec154-1864.pdf"><span>46 CFR 154.1864 - Vessel <span class="hlt">speed</span> within <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Vessel <span class="hlt">speed</span> within <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction. 154.1864 Section... Vessel <span class="hlt">speed</span> within <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction. The master shall ensure that the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the vessel is not greater than the posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol5-sec154-1864.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol5-sec154-1864.pdf"><span>46 CFR 154.1864 - Vessel <span class="hlt">speed</span> within <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Vessel <span class="hlt">speed</span> within <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction. 154.1864 Section... Vessel <span class="hlt">speed</span> within <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction. The master shall ensure that the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the vessel is not greater than the posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22455389','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22455389"><span>Localised boundary <span class="hlt">air</span> layer and clothing evaporative resistances for individual body segments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Faming; del Ferraro, Simona; Lin, Li-Yen; Sotto Mayor, Tiago; Molinaro, Vincenzo; Ribeiro, Miguel; Gao, Chuansi; Kuklane, Kalev; Holmér, Ingvar</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Evaporative resistance is an important parameter to characterise clothing thermal comfort. However, previous work has focused mainly on either total static or dynamic evaporative resistance. There is a lack of investigation of localised clothing evaporative resistance. The objective of this study was to study localised evaporative resistance using sweating thermal manikins. The individual and interaction effects of <span class="hlt">air</span> and body movements on localised resultant evaporative resistance were examined in a strict protocol. The boundary <span class="hlt">air</span> layer's localised evaporative resistance was investigated on nude sweating manikins at three different <span class="hlt">air</span> velocity levels (0.18, 0.48 and 0.78 m/s) and three different walking <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (0, 0.96 and 1.17 m/s). Similarly, localised clothing evaporative resistance was measured on sweating manikins at three different <span class="hlt">air</span> velocities (0.13, 0.48 and 0.70 m/s) and three walking <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (0, 0.96 and 1.17 m/s). Results showed that the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> has distinct effects on local body segments. In contrast, walking <span class="hlt">speed</span> brought much more effect on the limbs, such as thigh and forearm, than on body torso, such as back and waist. In addition, the combined effect of body and <span class="hlt">air</span> movement on localised evaporative resistance demonstrated that the walking effect has more influence on the extremities than on the torso. Therefore, localised evaporative resistance values should be provided when reporting test results in order to clearly describe clothing local moisture transfer characteristics. Localised boundary <span class="hlt">air</span> layer and clothing evaporative resistances are essential data for clothing design and assessment of thermal comfort. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of <span class="hlt">air</span> and body movement on localised evaporative resistance is also necessary by both textile and apparel researchers and industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1046703','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1046703"><span>Lithium-<span class="hlt">Air</span> Battery: High Performance Cathodes for Lithium-<span class="hlt">Air</span> Batteries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>None</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>BEEST Project: Researchers at Missouri S&T are developing an affordable lithium-<span class="hlt">air</span> (Li-<span class="hlt">Air</span>) battery that could enable an EV to travel up to 350 miles on a single charge. Today’s EVs run on Li-Ion batteries, which are expensive and suffer from low energy density compared with gasoline. This new Li-<span class="hlt">Air</span> battery could perform as well as gasoline and store 3 times more energy than <span class="hlt">current</span> Li-Ion batteries. A Li-<span class="hlt">Air</span> battery uses an <span class="hlt">air</span> cathode to breathe oxygen into the battery from the surrounding <span class="hlt">air</span>, like a human lung. The oxygen and lithium react in the battery to produce electricity. <span class="hlt">Current</span> Li-Airmore » batteries are limited by the rate at which they can draw oxygen from the <span class="hlt">air</span>. The team is designing a battery using hierarchical electrode structures to enhance <span class="hlt">air</span> breathing and effective catalysts to accelerate electricity production.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19329746','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19329746"><span>Visual control of flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> in Drosophila melanogaster.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fry, Steven N; Rohrseitz, Nicola; Straw, Andrew D; Dickinson, Michael H</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Flight control in insects depends on self-induced image motion (optic flow), which the visual system must process to generate appropriate corrective steering maneuvers. Classic experiments in tethered insects applied rigorous system identification techniques for the analysis of turning reactions in the presence of rotating pattern stimuli delivered in open-loop. However, the functional relevance of these measurements for visual free-flight control remains equivocal due to the largely unknown effects of the highly constrained experimental conditions. To perform a systems analysis of the visual flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> response under free-flight conditions, we implemented a 'one-parameter open-loop' paradigm using 'TrackFly' in a wind tunnel equipped with real-time tracking and virtual reality display technology. Upwind flying flies were stimulated with sine gratings of varying temporal and spatial frequencies, and the resulting <span class="hlt">speed</span> responses were measured from the resulting flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> reactions. To control flight <span class="hlt">speed</span>, the visual system of the fruit fly extracts linear pattern velocity robustly over a broad range of spatio-temporal frequencies. The <span class="hlt">speed</span> signal is used for a proportional control of flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> within locomotor limits. The extraction of pattern velocity over a broad spatio-temporal frequency range may require more sophisticated motion processing mechanisms than those identified in flies so far. In Drosophila, the neuromotor pathways underlying flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> control may be suitably explored by applying advanced genetic techniques, for which our data can serve as a baseline. Finally, the high-level control principles identified in the fly can be meaningfully transferred into a robotic context, such as for the robust and efficient control of autonomous flying micro <span class="hlt">air</span> vehicles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=speed&pg=3&id=EJ890971','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=speed&pg=3&id=EJ890971"><span>Review of Research: Naming <span class="hlt">Speed</span> and Reading--From Prediction to Instruction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kirby, John R.; Georgiou, George K.; Martinussen, Rhonda; Parrila, Rauno</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Current</span> theoretical interpretations of naming <span class="hlt">speed</span> and the research literature on its relation to reading are reviewed in this article. The authors examine naming <span class="hlt">speed</span>'s effects across languages and the shape of its relationship to reading. Also considered is the double-deficit hypothesis, by which students with both slow naming <span class="hlt">speed</span> and low…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..153d2025C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..153d2025C"><span>Discussion on fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> volume in Temperature and Humidity Independent Control of <span class="hlt">Air</span>-conditioning System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Xiaolong; Liu, Jinxiang; Wang, Yu; Yuan, Xiaolei; Jin, Hui</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> volume in Temperature and Humidity Independent Control of <span class="hlt">Air</span>-conditioning System(THIC) of a typical office was comfirmed, under the premise of adopting the refrigeration dehumidifying fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> unit(7°C/12°C). By detailed calculating the space moisture load and the fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> volume required for dehumidification in 120 selected major cities in China, it can be inferred that the minimum fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> volume required for dehumidification in THIC is mainly determined by the local outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> moisture and the outdoor wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>; Then the mathematical fitting software Matlab was used to fit the three parameters, and a simplified formula for calculating the minimum per capita fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> volume required for dehumidification was obtained; And the indoor relative humidity was simulated by the numerical software Airpak and the results by using the formula data and the data for hygiene were compared to verify the relibility of the simplified formula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930092695','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930092695"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Wind-Tunnel Tests of a Twin-Fuselage Pursuit Airplane</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tkac, Victor B</p> <p>1946-01-01</p> <p>At the request of the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Technical Service Command, U.S. Army <span class="hlt">Air</span> Forces, a 0.22-scale model of a twin-fuselae pursuit airplane was built and tested at the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory. The tests of this model were made in order that the aerodynamic characteristics of the airplane, especially at high <span class="hlt">speed</span>, might be predicted. The results shown in this report consist of force data for the model and critical Mach numbers of parts of the model as determined from pressure-distribution measurements. The results indicate that a diving tendency of the airplane can be expected at Mach numbers above 0.70 at lift co-efficients from 0 to 0.4. There is an indication that the Mach number at which the airpolane would first experience a diving tendency for lift coefficients from 0 to 0.2 can be increased if the critical <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the radiator enclosures is increased, and the wing-fuselage-juncture fillets are improved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19394946','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19394946"><span>Application of silver ion in the separation of macrolide antibiotic components by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wen, Yaoming; Wang, Jiaoyan; Chen, Xiuming; Le, Zhanxian; Chen, Yuxiang; Zheng, Wei</p> <p>2009-05-29</p> <p>Three macrolide antibiotic components - ascomycin, tacrolimus and dihydrotacrolimus - were separated and purified by silver ion high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC). The solvent system consisted of n-hexane-tert-butyl methyl ether-methanol-water (1:3:6:5, v/v) and silver nitrate (0.10mol/l). The silver ion acted as a pi-complexing agent with tacrolimus because of its extra side double bond compared with ascomycin and dihydrotacrolimus. This complexation modified the partition coefficient values and the separation factors of the three components. As a result, ascomycin, tacrolimus and dihydrotacrolimus were purified from 150mg extracted crude sample with purities of 97.6%, 98.7% and 96.5%, respectively, and yields over 80% (including their tautomers). These results cannot be achieved with the same solvent system but without the addition of silver ion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/18531','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/18531"><span>Impacts of low <span class="hlt">speed</span> vehicles on transportation infrastructure and safety</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>There are increasing numbers of low-<span class="hlt">speed</span> electric vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways. These vehicles are designed to be used within protected environments and on roadways with a maximum posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 25 mph. <span class="hlt">Currently</span> these vehicles are not subjec...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31176','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31176"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> rail aerodynamic assessment and mitigation report : final report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>This report advances the <span class="hlt">current</span> state of knowledge, as well as shared understanding and evaluation of present procedures used to : mitigate the impacts effects from high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains (HST) operating at <span class="hlt">speeds</span> between 110 mph and 250 mph. This work g...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020042193','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020042193"><span>Configuration Studies of Personal <span class="hlt">Air</span> Vehicles. Personal <span class="hlt">Air</span> Vehicle and Flying Jeep Concepts: A Commentary on Promising Approaches or What Goes Around Comes Around (About Every Twenty Years)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hall, David W.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The NASA/Langley Personal <span class="hlt">Air</span> Vehicle (PAV) Exploration (PAVE) and the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Dual <span class="hlt">Air</span>/Road Transportation System (DARTS) projects were established to investigate the feasibility of creating vehicles which could replace, or at the very least augment, personal ground and <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation schemes. This overall goal implies integrating several technology areas with practical everyday transportation requirements to design a class of vehicles which will achieve the following goals: (1) Vertical, Extremely Short, or Short Takeoff and Landing (VTOL, ESTOL, STOL) capability; (2) Operation at block <span class="hlt">speeds</span> markedly faster than <span class="hlt">current</span> combinations of land and <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation, particularly in critical market areas; (3) Unit cost comparable to <span class="hlt">current</span> luxury cars and small general aviation aircraft; (4) Excellent reliability; (5) Excellent safety; (6) Ability to integrate with existing land and <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation systems. The conclusions of these configuration studies are summarized as follows: (1) Creation of the five assigned configurations prompted added explorations, some of which were dead-ends; (2) Some components could be common to all configurations such as avionics and dual-mode suspension schemes; (3) Single-Mode PAVs can be created by removing dual-mode-specific items; (4) Aviation history provided some intriguing starting points, as in what goes around comes around; (5) CTOL (Conventional Take-off and Landing) and STOL dual-mode PAVs look feasible with single-mode PAVs being simplifications of the dual-mode approach; (6) VTOL PAVs will require development; (7) More exotic collapsing mechanisms mechanisms need development; (8) As a teaching tool, PAVs are not yet a well-enough bounded design problem.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20557704','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20557704"><span>Use of coolant for high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> tooth preparation: a survey of pediatric dentistry residency program directors in the United States.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kupietzky, Ari; Vargas, Karen G; Waggoner, William F; Fuks, Anna B</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>To determine <span class="hlt">current</span> teaching policies regarding the use of coolant type during tooth preparation with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> hand-pieces in pediatric dental residency programs in the US. A 17-question survey was electronically mailed to 63 program directors with one follow-up. Multiple-choice questions asked about school and program teaching of cavity preparation with or without water coolant, including hypothetical clinical situations. Fifty-two (83%) program directors returned the survey. Fifty-two percent taught both dry and water coolant methods, 6% taught dry cutting exclusively, and 42% did not teach the dry method and always used water coolant. Dry techniques were used primarily for special needs patients with poor swallow reflexes (50%) and for young children undergoing sedation (41%). <span class="hlt">Air</span> coolant was taught more frequently in programs in the Midwest (77%) and South (85%) vs. the Northeast (32%) and West (50%) (P<.01). Forty-four percent of combined programs and 60% of hospital programs taught water spray use exclusively, while all university programs taught the dry cutting technique (P<.01). A majority of program directors teach the use of <span class="hlt">air</span> coolant alone for high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> preparation of teeth. University and combined programs were more likely to teach the method compared with hospital based ones.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827898','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827898"><span>Temporal distribution of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality related to meteorology and road traffic in Madrid.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Perez-Martinez, Pedro J; Miranda, Regina M</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The impact of climatology--<span class="hlt">air</span> temperature, precipitation and wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>--and road traffic--volume, vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span> and percentage of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs)--on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in Madrid was studied by estimating the effect for each explanatory variable using generalized linear regression models controlling for monthly variations, days of week and parameter levels. Every 1 m/s increase in wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> produced a decrease in PM10 concentrations by 10.3% (95% CI 12.6-8.6) for all weekdays and by 12.4% (95% CI 14.9-9.8) for working days (up to the cut-off of 2.4 m/s). Increases of PM10 concentrations due to <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature (7.2% (95% CI 6.2-8.3)) and traffic volume (3.3% (95% CI 2.9-3.8)) were observed at every 10 °C and 1 million vehicle-km increases for all weekdays; oppositely, slight decreases of PM10 concentrations due to percentage of HDVs (3.2% (95% CI 2.7-3.7)) and vehicle <span class="hlt">speed</span> (0.7% (95% CI 0.6-0.8)) were observed at every 1% and 1 km/h increases. Stronger effects of climatology on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality than traffic parameters were found.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160006055','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160006055"><span>Precision of FLEET Velocimetry Using High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> CMOS Camera Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Peters, Christopher J.; Danehy, Paul M.; Bathel, Brett F.; Jiang, Naibo; Calvert, Nathan D.; Miles, Richard B.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) is an optical measurement technique that permits quantitative velocimetry of unseeded <span class="hlt">air</span> or nitrogen using a single laser and a single camera. In this paper, we seek to determine the fundamental precision of the FLEET technique using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras. Also, we compare the performance of several different high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> CMOS camera systems for acquiring FLEET velocimetry data in <span class="hlt">air</span> and nitrogen free-jet flows. The precision was defined as the standard deviation of a set of several hundred single-shot velocity measurements. Methods of enhancing the precision of the measurement were explored such as digital binning (similar in concept to on-sensor binning, but done in post-processing), row-wise digital binning of the signal in adjacent pixels and increasing the time delay between successive exposures. These techniques generally improved precision; however, binning provided the greatest improvement to the un-intensified camera systems which had low signal-to-noise ratio. When binning row-wise by 8 pixels (about the thickness of the tagged region) and using an inter-frame delay of 65 microseconds, precisions of 0.5 meters per second in <span class="hlt">air</span> and 0.2 meters per second in nitrogen were achieved. The camera comparison included a pco.dimax HD, a LaVision Imager scientific CMOS (sCMOS) and a Photron FASTCAM SA-X2, along with a two-stage LaVision High<span class="hlt">Speed</span> IRO intensifier. Excluding the LaVision Imager sCMOS, the cameras were tested with and without intensification and with both short and long inter-frame delays. Use of intensification and longer inter-frame delay generally improved precision. Overall, the Photron FASTCAM SA-X2 exhibited the best performance in terms of greatest precision and highest signal-to-noise ratio primarily because it had the largest pixels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160006537','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160006537"><span>Precision of FLEET Velocimetry Using High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> CMOS Camera Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Peters, Christopher J.; Danehy, Paul M.; Bathel, Brett F.; Jiang, Naibo; Calvert, Nathan D.; Miles, Richard B.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) is an optical measurement technique that permits quantitative velocimetry of unseeded <span class="hlt">air</span> or nitrogen using a single laser and a single camera. In this paper, we seek to determine the fundamental precision of the FLEET technique using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras. Also, we compare the performance of several different high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> CMOS camera systems for acquiring FLEET velocimetry data in <span class="hlt">air</span> and nitrogen free-jet flows. The precision was defined as the standard deviation of a set of several hundred single-shot velocity measurements. Methods of enhancing the precision of the measurement were explored such as digital binning (similar in concept to on-sensor binning, but done in post-processing), row-wise digital binning of the signal in adjacent pixels and increasing the time delay between successive exposures. These techniques generally improved precision; however, binning provided the greatest improvement to the un-intensified camera systems which had low signal-to-noise ratio. When binning row-wise by 8 pixels (about the thickness of the tagged region) and using an inter-frame delay of 65 micro sec, precisions of 0.5 m/s in <span class="hlt">air</span> and 0.2 m/s in nitrogen were achieved. The camera comparison included a pco.dimax HD, a LaVision Imager scientific CMOS (sCMOS) and a Photron FASTCAM SA-X2, along with a two-stage LaVision High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> IRO intensifier. Excluding the LaVision Imager sCMOS, the cameras were tested with and without intensification and with both short and long inter-frame delays. Use of intensification and longer inter-frame delay generally improved precision. Overall, the Photron FASTCAM SA-X2 exhibited the best performance in terms of greatest precision and highest signal-to-noise ratio primarily because it had the largest pixels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9456E..1IH','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9456E..1IH"><span>Future's operation areas: new-generation suppression enemy <span class="hlt">air</span> defence (SEAD) elements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hazinedar, Ä.°lker</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Since <span class="hlt">air</span> vehicles took place in the theater of operations, they have become the indispensable elements and the strongest attack power of armed forces. In the following period, with technological development, supersonic aircrafts took place in the operation area and this increased effectiveness of <span class="hlt">air</span> vehicles much more. <span class="hlt">Air</span> forces have used these aircrafts during important missions like strategic attack and <span class="hlt">air</span> defense operations. On the other hand, decision makers understood that it was not feasible to intercept fighter aircrafts by executing combat <span class="hlt">air</span> patrol flight missions. Since there is not enough reaction time to intercept the high <span class="hlt">speed</span> aircrafts, ground stationed Surface to <span class="hlt">Air</span> Missiles (SAM) system requirement has emerged. Therefore, SAM systems took place in the operation scene as well. Due to the fact that SAM systems emerged against the attack power, the attack aircrafts are to keep away from the fire of the ground stationed SAM systems. Hence, the requirement of Suppression Enemy <span class="hlt">Air</span> Defense (SEAD) arose. SEAD elements take under suppression the radar of the SAM systems. In this way, attack aircrafts are able to attack without the risk of SAM systems. The purpose of this study is to find new methods or concepts in order to protect friendly attack aircrafts against ground based surface to <span class="hlt">air</span> missiles' fires. Modernization of SAM systems and new generation SAM system producing activities have proceeded with positive acceleration. So, <span class="hlt">current</span> SEAD elements and concepts are not able to cover the requirements due to the increased SAM system ranges. According to the concepts, SEAD weapons` ranges must be longer than the SAM weapons' ranges to protect friendly aircrafts. In this study, new concept was offered to overcome the deficiencies of <span class="hlt">current</span> SEAD concept. The elements of new concepts were put forward. Classic SEAD concept and new generation concepts were assessed by using SWOT analysis technique. As a result, this study has revealed that, <span class="hlt">air</span> forces</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820016300','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820016300"><span><span class="hlt">Current</span> developments lighter than <span class="hlt">air</span> systems. [heavy lift airships</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mayer, N. J.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Lighter than <span class="hlt">air</span> aircraft (LTA) developments and research in the United States and other countries are reviewed. The emphasis in the U.S. is on VTOL airships capable of heavy lift, and on long endurance types for coastal maritime patrol. Design concepts include hybrids which combine heavier than <span class="hlt">air</span> and LTA components and characteristics. Research programs are concentrated on aerodynamics, flight dynamics, and control of hybrid types.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JFM...545..203T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JFM...545..203T"><span>The <span class="hlt">air</span> bubble entrapped under a drop impacting on a solid surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thoroddsen, S. T.; Etoh, T. G.; Takehara, K.; Ootsuka, N.; Hatsuki, Y.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>We present experimental observations of the disk of <span class="hlt">air</span> caught under a drop impacting onto a solid surface. By imaging the impact through an acrylic plate with an ultra-high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video camera, we can follow the evolution of the <span class="hlt">air</span> disk as it contracts into a bubble under the centre of the drop. The initial size and contraction <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the disk were measured for a range of impact Weber and Reynolds numbers. The size of the initial disk is related to the bottom curvature of the drop at the initial contact, as measured in free-fall. The initial contact often leaves behind a ring of micro-bubbles, marking its location. The <span class="hlt">air</span> disk contracts at a <span class="hlt">speed</span> comparable to the corresponding <span class="hlt">air</span> disks caught under a drop impacting onto a liquid surface. This <span class="hlt">speed</span> also seems independent of the wettability of the liquid, which only affects the azimuthal shape of the contact line. For some impact conditions, the dynamics of the contraction leaves a small droplet at the centre of the bubble. This arises from a capillary wave propagating from the edges of the contracting disk towards the centre. As the wave converges its amplitude grows until it touches the solid substrate, thereby pinching off the micro-droplet at the plate, in the centre of the bubble. The effect of increasing liquid viscosity is to slow down the contraction <span class="hlt">speed</span> and to produce a more irregular contact line leaving more micro-bubbles along the initial ring.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V31G..07L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V31G..07L"><span>The perfect ash-storm: large-scale Pyroclastic Density <span class="hlt">Current</span> experiments reveal highly mobile, self-fluidising and <span class="hlt">air</span>-cushioned flow transport regime</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lube, G.; Cronin, S. J.; Breard, E.; Valentine, G.; Bursik, M. I.; Hort, M. K.; Freundt, A.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>We report on the first systematic series of large-scale Pyroclastic Density <span class="hlt">Current</span> (PDC) experiments using the New Zealand PDC Generator, a novel international research facility in Physical Volcanology recently commissioned at Massey University. Repeatable highly energetic and hot PDCs are synthesized by the controlled ';eruption column-collapse' of up to 3500 kg of homogenously aerated Taupo ignimbrite material from a 15 m-elevated hopper onto an instrumented inclined flume. At discharge rates between 250-1300 kg/s and low- to moderate gas injection rates (yielding initial solids concentration of 15-70 vol%) channelized gas-particle mixture flows life-scaled to dense PDCs can be generated. The flow fronts of the <span class="hlt">currents</span> reach velocities of up to 9.5 m/s over their first 12 m of travel and rapidly develop strong vertical density stratification. The PDCs typically form a highly mobile, <60 cm-thick dense and channel-confined underflow, with an overriding dilute and turbulent ash cloud surge that also laterally escapes the flume boundaries. Depending on the PDC starting conditions underflows with 1-45 vol% solids concentration are formed, while the upper surge contains <<1 vol.% solids. A characteristic feature of the underflow is the occurrence of 'ignitive' front breakouts, producing jetted lobes that accelerate outward from the flow front, initially forming a lobe-cleft structure, followed by segregation downslope into multiple flow pulses. Depending on initial solids concentration and discharge rate, stratified, dune-bedded and inversely graded bedforms are created whose thicknesses are remarkably uniform along the medial to distal runout path characterising highly mobile flow runout. Along with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video footage we present time-series data of basal arrays of load- and gas-pore pressure transducers to characterise the mobile dense underflows. Data shows that the PDCs are comprised of a turbulent coarse-grained and <span class="hlt">air</span>-ingesting front with particle</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26864462','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26864462"><span>Separation of three phenolic high-molecular-weight compounds from the crude extract of Terminalia Chebula Retz. by ultrasound-assisted extraction and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zou, Deng-lang; Chen, Tao; Li, Hong-mei; Chen, Chen; Zhao, Jing-yang; Li, Yu-lin</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>This study presents an efficient strategy for separation of three phenolic compounds with high molecular weight from the crude extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. by ultrasound-assisted extraction and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography. The ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology and the results showed the target compounds could be well enriched under the optimized extraction conditions. Then the crude extract was directly separated by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography without any pretreatment using n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:7:0.5:3, v/v/v/v) as the solvent system. In 180 min, 13 mg of A, 18 mg of B, and 9 mg of C were obtained from 200 mg of crude sample. Their structures were identified as Chebulagic acid (A, 954 Da), Chebulinic acid (B, 956 Da), and Ellagic acid (C) by (1) H NMR spectroscopy. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770005057','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770005057"><span>Cold-<span class="hlt">air</span> performance of a tip turbine designed to drive a lift fan. 1: Baseline performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Haas, J. E.; Kofskey, M. G.; Hotz, G. M.; Futral, S. M., Jr.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>Full admission baseline performance was obtained for a 0.4 linear scale of the LF460 lift fan turbine over a range of <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and pressure ratios without leakage <span class="hlt">air</span>. These cold-<span class="hlt">air</span> tests covered a range of <span class="hlt">speeds</span> from 40 to 140 percent of design equivalent <span class="hlt">speed</span> and a range of scroll inlet to diffuser exit static pressure ratios from 2.0 to 4.2. Results are presented in terms of specific work, torque, mass flow, efficiency, and total pressure drop.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999RScI...70.4600C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999RScI...70.4600C"><span>Vibration compensation for high <span class="hlt">speed</span> scanning tunneling microscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Croft, D.; Devasia, S.</p> <p>1999-12-01</p> <p>Low scanning <span class="hlt">speed</span> is a fundamental limitation of scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs), making real time imaging of surface processes and nanofabrication impractical. The effective scanning bandwidth is <span class="hlt">currently</span> limited by the smallest resonant vibrational frequency of the piezobased positioning system (i.e., scanner) used in the STM. Due to this limitation, the acquired images are distorted during high <span class="hlt">speed</span> operations. In practice, the achievable scan rates are much less than 1/10th of the resonant vibrational frequency of the STM scanner. To alleviate the scanning <span class="hlt">speed</span> limitation, this article describes an inversion-based approach that compensates for the structural vibrations in the scanner and thus, allows STM imaging at high scanning <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (relative to the smallest resonant vibrational frequency). Experimental results are presented to show the increase in scanning <span class="hlt">speeds</span> achievable by applying the vibration compensation methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010103208','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010103208"><span>Learning Styles of Pilots <span class="hlt">Currently</span> Qualified in United States <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kanske, Craig A.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Kolb's Learning Style Inventory was used to identify the predominant learning styles of pilots <span class="hlt">currently</span> qualified in United States <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force aircraft. The results indicate that these pilots show a significant preference for facts and things over people and feelings. By understanding the preferred learning styles of the target population, course material can be developed that take advantage of the strengths of these learning styles. This information can be especially useful in the future design of cockpit resource management training. The training program can be developed to demonstrate both that there are different learning styles and that it is possible to take advantage of the relative strengths of each of these learning styles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22350940-low-dark-current-high-speed-zno-metalsemiconductormetal-photodetector-sio-sub-si-substrate','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22350940-low-dark-current-high-speed-zno-metalsemiconductormetal-photodetector-sio-sub-si-substrate"><span>Low dark <span class="hlt">current</span> and high <span class="hlt">speed</span> ZnO metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector on SiO{sub 2}/Si substrate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Çalışkan, Deniz, E-mail: dcaliskan@fen.bilkent.edu.tr; Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara; Bütün, Bayram</p> <p>2014-10-20</p> <p>ZnO thin films are deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on thermally grown SiO{sub 2} on Si substrates. Pt/Au contacts are fabricated by standard photolithography and lift-off in order to form a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector. The dark <span class="hlt">current</span> of the photodetector is measured as 1 pA at 100 V bias, corresponding to 100 pA/cm{sup 2} <span class="hlt">current</span> density. Spectral photoresponse measurement showed the usual spectral behavior and 0.35 A/W responsivity at a 100 V bias. The rise and fall times for the photocurrent are measured as 22 ps and 8 ns, respectively, which are the lowest values to date. Scanning electron microscope image shows high aspect ratio andmore » dense grains indicating high surface area. Low dark <span class="hlt">current</span> density and high <span class="hlt">speed</span> response are attributed to high number of recombination centers due to film morphology, deducing from photoluminescence measurements. These results show that as deposited ZnO thin film MSM photodetectors can be used for the applications needed for low light level detection and fast operation.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243217','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243217"><span>Research on key factors and their interaction effects of electromagnetic force of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> solenoid valve.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Peng; Fan, Liyun; Hayat, Qaisar; Xu, De; Ma, Xiuzhen; Song, Enzhe</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Analysis consisting of numerical simulations along with lab experiments of interaction effects between key parameters on the electromagnetic force based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been also proposed to optimize the design of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> solenoid valve (HSV) and improve its performance. Numerical simulation model of HSV has been developed in Ansoft Maxwell environment and its accuracy has been validated through lab experiments. Effect of change of core structure, coil structure, armature structure, working <span class="hlt">air</span> gap, and drive <span class="hlt">current</span> on the electromagnetic force of HSV has been analyzed through simulation model and influence rules of various parameters on the electromagnetic force have been established. The response surface model of the electromagnetic force has been utilized to analyze the interaction effect between major parameters. It has been concluded that six interaction factors including working <span class="hlt">air</span> gap with armature radius, drive <span class="hlt">current</span> with armature thickness, coil turns with side pole radius, armature thickness with its radius, armature thickness with side pole radius, and armature radius with side pole radius have significant influence on the electromagnetic force. Optimal match values between coil turns and side pole radius; armature thickness and side pole radius; and armature radius and side pole radius have also been determined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4163453','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4163453"><span>Research on Key Factors and Their Interaction Effects of Electromagnetic Force of High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Solenoid Valve</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fan, Liyun; Xu, De; Ma, Xiuzhen; Song, Enzhe</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Analysis consisting of numerical simulations along with lab experiments of interaction effects between key parameters on the electromagnetic force based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been also proposed to optimize the design of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> solenoid valve (HSV) and improve its performance. Numerical simulation model of HSV has been developed in Ansoft Maxwell environment and its accuracy has been validated through lab experiments. Effect of change of core structure, coil structure, armature structure, working <span class="hlt">air</span> gap, and drive <span class="hlt">current</span> on the electromagnetic force of HSV has been analyzed through simulation model and influence rules of various parameters on the electromagnetic force have been established. The response surface model of the electromagnetic force has been utilized to analyze the interaction effect between major parameters. It has been concluded that six interaction factors including working <span class="hlt">air</span> gap with armature radius, drive <span class="hlt">current</span> with armature thickness, coil turns with side pole radius, armature thickness with its radius, armature thickness with side pole radius, and armature radius with side pole radius have significant influence on the electromagnetic force. Optimal match values between coil turns and side pole radius; armature thickness and side pole radius; and armature radius and side pole radius have also been determined. PMID:25243217</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1148406','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1148406"><span>Determination of <span class="hlt">air</span> movement in stored grain as a factor in dynamic dispersion and distribution patterns of gaseous pesticides (fumigants).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Berck, B</p> <p>1975-05-01</p> <p>The new research reported herein was motivated by variations in distribution-persistence patterns of fumigant residues (BERCK, 1974). The <span class="hlt">current</span> developmental program is still underway. In the meantime, measurement of picoliter amounts of SF6 in <span class="hlt">air</span> by GC equipped with a Ni63 EC detector has been proven useful over an airflow range of 10(-4) to 50 mph, representing a factor of 500,000 in differences in <span class="hlt">air</span> velocity. Diverse applications have been outlined herein. This is the first case on record where measurement of unassisted airflow in the interstitial <span class="hlt">air</span> of stored grain has been successfully executed, and which enabled determination of airflow <span class="hlt">speeds</span> in the range of 0.5 to 7.5 times 10(-4) mph (=3 to 45 inches per hour).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/25273','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/25273"><span>Application of Bluetooth technology to rural freeway <span class="hlt">speed</span> data collection ; executive summary report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) <span class="hlt">currently</span> employs a network of side fire <span class="hlt">speed</span> radar devices to measure travel <span class="hlt">speeds</span> and travel times on their interstate network. While these devices measure the instantaneous spot <span class="hlt">speed</span>, segment level s...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/813586','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/813586"><span>A simulation-based study of High<span class="hlt">Speed</span> TCP and its deployment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Souza, Evandro de</p> <p>2003-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">current</span> congestion control mechanism used in TCP has difficulty reaching full utilization on high <span class="hlt">speed</span> links, particularly on wide-area connections. For example, the packet drop rate needed to fill a Gigabit pipe using the present TCP protocol is below the <span class="hlt">currently</span> achievable fiber optic error rates. High<span class="hlt">Speed</span> TCP was recently proposed as a modification of TCP's congestion control mechanism to allow it to achieve reasonable performance in high <span class="hlt">speed</span> wide-area links. In this research, simulation results showing the performance of High<span class="hlt">Speed</span> TCP and the impact of its use on the present implementation of TCP are presented. Network conditions includingmore » different degrees of congestion, different levels of loss rate, different degrees of bursty traffic and two distinct router queue management policies were simulated. The performance and fairness of High<span class="hlt">Speed</span> TCP were compared to the existing TCP and solutions for bulk-data transfer using parallel streams.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/937442','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/937442"><span>Exposure information in environmental health research: <span class="hlt">Current</span> opportunities and future directions for particulate matter, ozone, and toxic <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>McKone, Thomas E.; Ryan, P. Barry; Ozkaynak, Haluk</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>Understanding and quantifying outdoor and indoor sources of human exposure are essential but often not adequately addressed in health-effects studies for <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution. <span class="hlt">Air</span> pollution epidemiology, risk assessment, health tracking and accountability assessments are examples of health-effects studies that require but often lack adequate exposure information. Recent advances in exposure modeling along with better information on time-activity and exposure factors data provide us with unique opportunities to improve the assignment of exposures for both future and ongoing studies linking <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution to health impacts. In September 2006, scientists from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Centers for Diseasemore » Control and Prevention (CDC) along with scientists from the academic community and state health departments convened a symposium on <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposure and health in order to identify, evaluate, and improve <span class="hlt">current</span> approaches for linking <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposures to disease. This manuscript presents the key issues, challenges and recommendations identified by the exposure working group, who used cases studies of particulate matter, ozone, and toxic <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutant exposure to evaluate health-effects for <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution. One of the over-arching lessons of this workshop is that obtaining better exposure information for these different health-effects studies requires both goal-setting for what is needed and mapping out the transition pathway from <span class="hlt">current</span> capabilities to meeting these goals. Meeting our long-term goals requires definition of incremental steps that provide useful information for the interim and move us toward our long-term goals. Another over-arching theme among the three different pollutants and the different health study approaches is the need for integration among alternate exposure assessment approaches. For example, different groups may advocate exposure indicators, biomonitoring, mapping methods (GIS), modeling, environmental</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RScI...87i3708P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RScI...87i3708P"><span>High <span class="hlt">speed</span>, intermediate resolution, large area laser beam induced <span class="hlt">current</span> imaging and laser scribing system for photovoltaic devices and modules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Phillips, Adam B.; Song, Zhaoning; DeWitt, Jonathan L.; Stone, Jon M.; Krantz, Patrick W.; Royston, John M.; Zeller, Ryan M.; Mapes, Meghan R.; Roland, Paul J.; Dorogi, Mark D.; Zafar, Syed; Faykosh, Gary T.; Ellingson, Randy J.; Heben, Michael J.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>We have developed a laser beam induced <span class="hlt">current</span> imaging tool for photovoltaic devices and modules that utilizes diode pumped Q-switched lasers. Power densities on the order of one sun (100 mW/cm2) can be produced in a ˜40 μm spot size by operating the lasers at low diode <span class="hlt">current</span> and high repetition rate. Using galvanostatically controlled mirrors in an overhead configuration and high <span class="hlt">speed</span> data acquisition, large areas can be scanned in short times. As the beam is rastered, focus is maintained on a flat plane with an electronically controlled lens that is positioned in a coordinated fashion with the movements of the mirrors. The system can also be used in a scribing mode by increasing the diode <span class="hlt">current</span> and decreasing the repetition rate. In either mode, the instrument can accommodate samples ranging in size from laboratory scale (few cm2) to full modules (1 m2). Customized LabVIEW programs were developed to control the components and acquire, display, and manipulate the data in imaging mode.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26041477','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26041477"><span>Isolation and purification of prenylated phenolics from Amorpha fruticosa by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Chu; Wu, Yan; Chen, Yang; Du, Leilei</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Prenylated phenolics such as amorfrutins are recently identified potent anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic natural products. In this work, high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography was investigated for the isolation and purification of prenylated phenolics from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa by using a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethanol/water (5:4:1, v/v). As a result, 14.2 mg of 5,7-dihydroxy-8-geranylflavanone, 10.7 mg of amorfrutin A and 17.4 mg of amorfrutin B were obtained from 200 mg of n-hexane-soluble crude extract in one step within 250 min. The purities of 5,7-dihydroxy-8-geranylflavanone, amorfrutins A and B were 95.2, 96.7 and 97.1%, respectively, as determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. The structural identification was performed by mass spectrometry and (1) H and (13) C NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that the established method is an efficient and convenient way to purified prenylated phenolics from A. fruticosa extract. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MeScT..29a5204W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MeScT..29a5204W"><span>Effects of optical diagnostic techniques on the accuracy of laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> measured from Bunsen flames: OH* chemiluminescence, OH-PLIF and acetone/kerosene-PLIF</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Yi; Modica, Vincent; Yu, Xilong; Li, Fei; Grisch, Frédéric</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The effects of optical diagnostic techniques on the accuracy of laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measured from Bunsen flames were investigated. Laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> measurements were conducted for different fuel/<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures including CH4/<span class="hlt">air</span>, acetone/<span class="hlt">air</span> and kerosene (Jet A-1)/<span class="hlt">air</span> in applying different optical diagnostic techniques, i.e. OH* chemiluminescence, OH-PLIF and acetone/kerosene-PLIF. It is found that the OH* chemiluminescence imaging technique cannot directly derive the location of the outer edge of the fresh gases and it is necessary to correct the position of the OH* peak to guarantee the accuracy of the measurements. OH-PLIF and acetone/kerosene-PLIF respectively are able to measure the disappearance of the fresh gas contour and the appearance of the reaction zone. It shows that the aromatic-PLIF technique gives similar laminar flame <span class="hlt">speed</span> values when compared with those obtained from corrected OH* chemiluminescence images. However, discrepancies were observed between the OH-PLIF and the aromatic-PLIF techniques, in that OH-PLIF slightly underestimates laminar flame <span class="hlt">speeds</span> by up to 5%. The difference between the flame contours obtained from different optical techniques are further analysed and illustrated with 1D flame structure simulation using detailed kinetic mechanisms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24423547','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24423547"><span>Simultaneous preparation of naturally abundant and rare catechins by tannase-mediated biotransformation combining high <span class="hlt">speed</span> counter <span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xia, Guobin; Hong, Shan; Liu, Songbai</p> <p>2014-05-15</p> <p>Simultaneous preparation of naturally rare catechins, EGC and EC, has been realized by tannase-mediated biotransformation combining high <span class="hlt">speed</span> counter <span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography. In addition, simultaneous preparation of the four catechins, EGCG, ECG, EGC, and EC in green tea extract has also been achieved by HSCCC under the normal phase and the reversed phase modes. The identity of the catechins was determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and quantification of the catechins was performed by HPLC-DAD. In a typical HSCCC separation, 27.2 mg 98.8% EGCG, 14.1 mg 94.7% EGC, and 9.3 mg 97.5% EC were obtained. This new method is efficient, time-saving and valuable for biological studies. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150008954','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150008954"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Traffic Management Technology Demostration: 1 Research and Procedural Testing of Routes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wilson, Sara R.; Kibler, Jennifer L.; Hubbs, Clay E.; Smail, James W.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>NASA's <span class="hlt">Air</span> Traffic Management Technology Demonstration-1 (ATD-1) will operationally demonstrate the feasibility of efficient arrival operations combining ground-based and airborne NASA technologies. The ATD-1 integrated system consists of the Traffic Management Advisor with Terminal Metering which generates precise time-based schedules to the runway and merge points; Controller Managed Spacing decision support tools which provide controllers with <span class="hlt">speed</span> advisories and other information needed to meet the schedule; and Flight deck-based Interval Management avionics and procedures which allow flight crews to adjust their <span class="hlt">speed</span> to achieve precise relative spacing. Initial studies identified <span class="hlt">air</span>-ground challenges related to the integration of these three scheduling and spacing technologies, and NASA's airborne spacing algorithm was modified to address some of these challenges. The Research and Procedural Testing of Routes human-in-the-loop experiment was then conducted to assess the performance of the new spacing algorithm. The results of this experiment indicate that the algorithm performed as designed, and the pilot participants found the airborne spacing concept, <span class="hlt">air</span>-ground procedures, and crew interface to be acceptable. However, the researchers concluded that the data revealed issues with the frequency of <span class="hlt">speed</span> changes and <span class="hlt">speed</span> reversals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E..100a2004M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E..100a2004M"><span>Effect of phase advance on the brushless dc motor torque <span class="hlt">speed</span> respond</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mohd, M. S.; Karsiti, M. N.; Mohd, M. S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Brushless direct <span class="hlt">current</span> (BLDC) motor is widely used in small and medium sized electric vehicles as it exhibit highest specific power and thermal efficiency as compared to the induction motor. Permanent magnets BLDC rotor create a constant magnetic flux, which limit the motor top <span class="hlt">speed</span>. As the back electromotive force (EMF) voltage increases proportionally with motor rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span> and it approaches the amplitude of the input voltage, the phase <span class="hlt">current</span> amplitude will reach zero. By advancing the phase <span class="hlt">current</span>, it is possible to extend the maximum <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the BLDC motor beyond the rated top <span class="hlt">speed</span>. This will allow smaller BLDC motor to be used in small electric vehicles (EV) and in larger applications will allow the use of BLDC motor without the use of multispeed transmission unit for high <span class="hlt">speed</span> operation. However, increasing the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of BLDC will affect the torque <span class="hlt">speed</span> response. The torque output will decrease as <span class="hlt">speed</span> increases. Adjusting the phase angle will affect the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the motor as each coil is energized earlier than the corresponding rise in the back emf of the coil. This paper discusses the phase advance strategy of Brushless DC motor by phase angle manipulation approaches using external hall sensors. Tests have been performed at different phase advance angles in advance and retard positions for different voltage levels applied. The objective is to create the external hall sensor system to commutate the BLDC motor, to establish the phase advance of the BLDC by varying the phase angle through external hall sensor manipulation, observe the respond of the motor while applying the phase advance by hall sensor adjustment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910013785','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910013785"><span>Engine technology challenges for a 21st century high <span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shaw, Robert J.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Recent NASA funded studies by Boeing and Douglas suggest an opportunity exists for a 21st Century High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Civil Transport (HSCT) to become part of the international <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation system. However, before this opportunity for high <span class="hlt">speed</span> travel can be realized, certain environmental and and economic barrier issues must be overcome. These challenges are outlined. Research activities which NASA has planned to address these barrier issues and to provide a technology base to allow U.S. manufacturers to make an informed go/no go decision on developing the HSCT are discussed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ITEIS.130.1280O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ITEIS.130.1280O"><span>Trend on High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> Power Line Communication Technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ogawa, Osamu</p> <p></p> <p>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> power line communication (PLC) is useful technology to easily build the communication networks, because construction of new infrastructure is not necessary. In Europe and America, PLC has been used for broadband networks since the beginning of 21th century. In Japan, high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> PLC was deregulated only indoor usage in 2006. Afterward it has been widely used for home area network, LAN in hotels and school buildings and so on. And recently, PLC is greatly concerned as communication technology for smart grid network. In this paper, the author surveys the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> PLC technology and its <span class="hlt">current</span> status.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/nsr/clarification-current-air-program-issues','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/nsr/clarification-current-air-program-issues"><span>Clarification of <span class="hlt">Current</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span> Program Issues</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) <span class="hlt">air</span> permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database. Some documents in the database are a scanned or retyped version of a paper photocopy of the original. Although we have taken considerable effort to quality assure the documents, some may contain typographical errors. Contact the office that issued the document if you need a copy of the original.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29433070','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29433070"><span><span class="hlt">Speed</span>, <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation and crash relationships for urban arterials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Xuesong; Zhou, Qingya; Quddus, Mohammed; Fan, Tianxiang; Fang, Shou'en</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Speed</span> and <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation are closely associated with traffic safety. There is, however, a dearth of research on this subject for the case of urban arterials in general, and in the context of developing nations. In downtown Shanghai, the traffic conditions in each direction are very different by time of day, and <span class="hlt">speed</span> characteristics during peak hours are also greatly different from those during off-peak hours. Considering that traffic demand changes with time and in different directions, arterials in this study were divided into one-way segments by the direction of flow, and time of day was differentiated and controlled for. In terms of data collection, traditional fixed-based methods have been widely used in previous studies, but they fail to capture the spatio-temporal distributions of <span class="hlt">speed</span> along a road. A new approach is introduced to estimate <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation by integrating spatio-temporal <span class="hlt">speed</span> fluctuation of a single vehicle with <span class="hlt">speed</span> differences between vehicles using taxi-based high frequency GPS data. With this approach, this paper aims to comprehensively establish a relationship between mean <span class="hlt">speed</span>, <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation and traffic crashes for the purpose of formulating effective <span class="hlt">speed</span> management measures, specifically using an urban dataset. From a total of 234 one-way road segments from eight arterials in Shanghai, mean <span class="hlt">speed</span>, <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation, geometric design features, traffic volume, and crash data were collected. Because the safety effects of mean <span class="hlt">speed</span> and <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation may vary at different segment lengths, arterials with similar signal spacing density were grouped together. To account for potential correlations among these segments, a hierarchical Poisson log-normal model with random effects was developed. Results show that a 1% increase in mean <span class="hlt">speed</span> on urban arterials was associated with a 0.7% increase in total crashes, and larger <span class="hlt">speed</span> variation was also associated with increased crash frequency. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA108977','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA108977"><span>1981 AFOSR Contractors Meeting on <span class="hlt">Air</span> Breathing Combustion Dynamics and Explosion Research, 16-20 November 1981, Clearwater Beach, Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1981-09-01</p> <p>Atomi:Mation, Ignition and Combustion of Liquid and Multiphase Fuels in High -<span class="hlt">Speed</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span> StreamsIi J. Schetz VPI and State University 9:00 Turbulent Mixing and...Aeronautical Laboratories (AFWAL) 8:35 Injection, Atomt:ation, Ignition and Combustion of Liquid and Multiphase Fuels in High -<span class="hlt">Speed</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span> Streams J...State University Transverse injection of liquid and/or liquid -slurry jets into high <span class="hlt">speed</span> airstreams finds application in several propulsion-related</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150014188','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150014188"><span>Testing of Two-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Transmission Configurations for Use in Rotorcraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lewicki, David G.; Stevens, Mark A.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Large civil tiltrotors have been identified to replace regional airliners over medium ranges to alleviate next-generation <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic. Variable rotor <span class="hlt">speed</span> for these vehicles is required for efficient high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> operation. Two-<span class="hlt">speed</span> drive system research has been performed to support these advanced rotorcraft applications. Experimental tests were performed on two promising two-<span class="hlt">speed</span> transmission configurations. The offset compound gear (OCG) transmission and the dual star/idler (DSI) planetary transmission were tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center variable-<span class="hlt">speed</span> transmission test facility. Both configurations were inline devices with concentric input and output shafts and designed to provide 1:1 and 2:1 output <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction ratios. Both were designed for 200 hp and 15,000 rpm input <span class="hlt">speed</span> and had a dry shift clutch configuration. Shift tests were performed on the transmissions at input <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of 5,000, 8,000, 10,000, 12,500, and 15,000 rpm. Both the OCG and DSI configurations successfully perform <span class="hlt">speed</span> shifts at full rated 15,000 rpm input <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The transient shifting behavior of the OCG and DSI configurations were very similar. The shift clutch had more of an effect on shifting dynamics than the reduction gearing configuration itself since the same shift clutch was used in both configurations. For both OCG and DSI configurations, low-to-high <span class="hlt">speed</span> shifts were limited in applied torque levels in order to prevent overloads on the transmission due to transient torque spikes. It is believed that the relative lack of appreciable slippage of the dry shifting clutch at operating conditions and pressure profiles tested was a major cause of the transient torque spikes. For the low-to-high <span class="hlt">speed</span> shifts, the output <span class="hlt">speed</span> ramp-up time slightly decreased and the peak out torque slightly increased as the clutch pressure ramp-down rate increased. This was caused by slightly less clutch slippage as the clutch pressure ramp-down rate increased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003397','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003397"><span>An Analysis of Peak Wind <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Data from Collocated Mechanical and Ultrasonic Anemometers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Short, David A.; Wells, Leonard A.; Merceret, Francis J.; Roeder, William P.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>This study focuses on a comparison of peak wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> reported by mechanical and ultrasonic anemometers at Cape Canaveral <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Station and Kennedy Space Center (CCAFS/KSC) on the east central coast of Florida and Vandenberg <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base (VAFB) on the central coast of California. The legacy mechanical wind instruments on CCAFS/KSC and VAFB weather towers are being changed from propeller-and-vane (CCAFS/KSC) and cup-and-vane (VAFB) sensors to ultrasonic sensors under the Range Standardization and Automation (RSA) program. The wind tower networks on KSC/CCAFS and VAFB have 41 and 27 towers, respectively. Launch Weather Officers, forecasters, and Range Safety analysts at both locations need to understand the performance of the new wind sensors for a myriad of reasons that include weather warnings, watches, advisories, special ground processing operations, launch pad exposure forecasts, user Launch Commit Criteria (LCC) forecasts and evaluations, and toxic dispersion support. The Legacy sensors measure wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and direction mechanically. The ultrasonic RSA sensors have no moving parts. Ultrasonic sensors were originally developed to measure very light winds (Lewis and Dover 2004). The technology has evolved and now ultrasonic sensors provide reliable wind data over a broad range of wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. However, because ultrasonic sensors respond more quickly than mechanical sensors to rapid fluctuations in <span class="hlt">speed</span>, characteristic of gusty wind conditions, comparisons of data from the two sensor types have shown differences in the statistics of peak wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (Lewis and Dover 2004). The 45th Weather Squadron (45 WS) and the 30 WS requested the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) to compare data from RSA and Legacy sensors to determine if there are significant differences in peak wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> information from the two systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA470739','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA470739"><span>Turbulent Mixing and Combustion for High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Breathing Propulsion Application</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2007-08-12</p> <p>deficit (the velocity of the wake relative to the free-stream velocity), decays rapidly with downstream distance, so that the streamwise velocity is...switched laser with double-pulse option) and a new imaging system (high-resolution: 4008x2672 pix2, low- noise (cooled) Cooke PCO-4000 CCD camera). The...was designed in-house for high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> low- noise image acquisition. The KFS CCD image sensor was designed by Mark Wadsworth of JPL and has a resolution</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009139','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009139"><span>Optimisation of sprinting performance in running, cycling and <span class="hlt">speed</span> skating.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Ingen Schenau, G J; de Koning, J J; de Groot, G</p> <p>1994-04-01</p> <p>Sprinting performances rely strongly on a fast acceleration at the start of a sprint and on the capacity to maintain a high velocity in the phase following the start. Simulations based on a model developed in which the generation of metabolic power is related to the mechanical destinations of power showed that for short-lasting sprinting events, the best pacing strategy is an all out effort, even if this strategy causes a strong reduction of the velocity at the end of the race. Even pacing strategies should only be used in exercises lasting longer than 80 to 100 seconds. Sprint runners, <span class="hlt">speed</span> skaters and cyclists need a large rate of breakdown of energy rich phosphates in the first 4 to 5 seconds of the race (mechanical equivalent > 20 W/kg) in order to accelerate their body, and a power output of more than 10 W/kg in the phase following the start to maintain a high velocity. Maximal <span class="hlt">speed</span> in running is mainly limited by the necessity to rotate the legs forwards and backwards relative to the hip joint. The acceleration phase, however, relies on powerful extensions of all leg joints. Through a comparison of the hindlimb design of highly specialised animal sprinters (as can be found among predators) and of long distance animal runners (as found among hoofed animals), it is illustrated that these 2 phases of a sprint rely on conflicting requirements: improvement of maximal <span class="hlt">speed</span> would require lower moments of inertia of the legs whereas a faster acceleration would require the involvement of more muscle mass (not only of the hip and knee extensors but also of the plantar flexors). Maximal <span class="hlt">speed</span> in cycling and <span class="hlt">speed</span> skating is not limited by the necessity to move leg segments but rather on <span class="hlt">air</span> friction and rolling or ice friction. Since the drag coefficients found for <span class="hlt">speed</span> skaters and cyclists (about 0.8) are considerably higher than those of more streamlined bodies, much progress can still be expected from the reduction of <span class="hlt">air</span> friction. <span class="hlt">Speed</span> skaters and especially</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27054398','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27054398"><span>Transcranial Direct <span class="hlt">Current</span> Stimulation Does Not Influence the <span class="hlt">Speed</span>-Accuracy Tradeoff in Perceptual Decision-making: Evidence from Three Independent Studies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Hollander, Gilles; Labruna, Ludovica; Sellaro, Roberta; Trutti, Anne; Colzato, Lorenza S; Ratcliff, Roger; Ivry, Richard B; Forstmann, Birte U</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>In perceptual decision-making tasks, people balance the <span class="hlt">speed</span> and accuracy with which they make their decisions by modulating a response threshold. Neuroimaging studies suggest that this <span class="hlt">speed</span>-accuracy tradeoff is implemented in a corticobasal ganglia network that includes an important contribution from the pre-SMA. To test this hypothesis, we used anodal transcranial direct <span class="hlt">current</span> stimulation (tDCS) to modulate neural activity in pre-SMA while participants performed a simple perceptual decision-making task. Participants viewed a pattern of moving dots and judged the direction of the global motion. In separate trials, they were cued to either respond quickly or accurately. We used the diffusion decision model to estimate the response threshold parameter, comparing conditions in which participants received sham or anodal tDCS. In three independent experiments, we failed to observe an influence of tDCS on the response threshold. Additional, exploratory analyses showed no influence of tDCS on the duration of nondecision processes or on the efficiency of information processing. Taken together, these findings provide a cautionary note, either concerning the causal role of pre-SMA in decision-making or on the utility of tDCS for modifying response caution in decision-making tasks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740010391','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740010391"><span>Results of low <span class="hlt">speed</span> wind tunnel tests on a .0405 scale model Rockwell Space Shuttle Orbiter tested both in free <span class="hlt">air</span> and in the presence of a ground plane (OA16)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mennell, R. C.; Cameron, B. W.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on a .0405 scale representation of the space shuttle orbiter in a 7.75 x 11 foot low <span class="hlt">speed</span> wind tunnel during the time period March 21, to April 17, 1973. The primary test objectives were to investigate both the aerodynamic and propulsion effects of various <span class="hlt">air</span> breathing engine systems in free <span class="hlt">air</span> and in the presence of the ground. The free <span class="hlt">air</span> portion of this test investigated the aerodynamic effects of engine nacelle number, nacelle grouping, and nacelle location. For this testing the model was sting mounted on a six component internal strain gage balance entering through the model base. The ground plane portion of the aerodynamic test investigated the same nacelle effects at ground plane locations of full scale W.P. = 239.9, 209.3, 158.9, 108.5, and 7.78 in. At the conclusion of the aerodynamic test period the propulsion effects of various nacelle locations and freestream orientations in the presence of the ground were investigated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.739a2032P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.739a2032P"><span>Development of an ICT-Based <span class="hlt">Air</span> Column Resonance Learning Media</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Purjiyanta, Eka; Handayani, Langlang; Marwoto, Putut</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Commonly, the sound source used in the <span class="hlt">air</span> column resonance experiment is the tuning fork having disadvantage of unoptimal resonance results due to the sound produced which is getting weaker. In this study we made tones with varying frequency using the Audacity software which were, then, stored in a mobile phone as a source of sound. One advantage of this sound source is the stability of the resulting sound enabling it to produce the same powerful sound. The movement of water in a glass tube mounted on the tool resonance and the tone sound that comes out from the mobile phone were recorded by using a video camera. Sound resonances recorded were first, second, and third resonance, for each tone frequency mentioned. The resulting sound stays longer, so it can be used for the first, second, third and next resonance experiments. This study aimed to (1) explain how to create tones that can substitute tuning forks sound used in <span class="hlt">air</span> column resonance experiments, (2) illustrate the sound wave that occurred in the first, second, and third resonance in the experiment, and (3) determine the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in the <span class="hlt">air</span>. This study used an experimental method. It was concluded that; (1) substitute tones of a tuning fork sound can be made by using the Audacity software; (2) the form of sound waves that occured in the first, second, and third resonance in the <span class="hlt">air</span> column resonance can be drawn based on the results of video recording of the <span class="hlt">air</span> column resonance; and (3) based on the experiment result, the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in the <span class="hlt">air</span> is 346.5 m/s, while based on the chart analysis with logger pro software, the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound in the <span class="hlt">air</span> is 343.9 ± 0.3171 m/s.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091620','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091620"><span>Effects of <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Fuel Spray and Flame Formation in a Compression-Ignition Engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rothrock, A M; Waldron, C D</p> <p>1937-01-01</p> <p>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> motion pictures were taken at the rate of 2,500 frames per second of the fuel spray and flame formation in the combustion chamber of the NACA combustion apparatus. The compression ratio was 13.2 and the <span class="hlt">speed</span> 1,500 revolutions per minute. An optical indicator was used to record the time-pressure relationship in the combustion chamber. The <span class="hlt">air</span>-fuel ratio was varied from 10.4 to 365. The results showed that as the <span class="hlt">air</span>-fuel ratio was increased definite stratification of the charge occurred in the combustion chamber even though moderate <span class="hlt">air</span> flow existed. The results also showed the rate of vapor diffusion to be relatively slow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21099160','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21099160"><span>In vitro study of anti-suck-back ability by themselves on new high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine handpieces.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ozawa, Toshiko; Nakano, Masako; Arai, Takashi</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>The anti-suck-back ability of five new high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> turbine handpiece models was evaluated in this study. First, suck-back pressure with water displacement within a glass tube was measured. Next, under three different conditions, how many on-off times it takes before fluorescent stains became visible on a piece of gauze at the exhaust vent was counted and the presence of fluorescent stains on the exhaust vents itself was examined. As a result, the water height for each part of one handpiece, the TWINPOWER TURBINE PAR-4HX-O, was below 0 mm. Except for under full emersion, this model, the TWINPOWER TURBINE PAR-4HX-O, did not have any visible fluorescence penetration to the exhaust vent even after 500 on-off switches under fume/mist conditions. Conversely, the other handpieces (Ti-Max X700L, T1 CONTROL, SYNEA TA-98CLED, GENTLE silence LUX 8000B) showed suck-back. In conclusion, the first mentioned new turbine handpiece, the TWINPOWER TURBINE PAR-4HX-O, had a possibility of no suck-back by itself. However, full immersion of the whole head of the handpiece which is not completely sealed must be avoided to prevent liquid intake.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466062','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466062"><span>MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES DURING <span class="hlt">AIR</span> TRAVEL: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF <span class="hlt">CURRENT</span> RECOMMENDATIONS AND THEIR SUPPORTING EVIDENCE.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pavela, James; Suresh, Rahul; Blue, Rebecca S; Mathers, Charles H; Belalcazar, L Maria</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Individuals with diabetes are increasingly seeking pretravel advice, but updated professional recommendations remain scant. We performed a systematic review on diabetes management during <span class="hlt">air</span> travel to summarize <span class="hlt">current</span> recommendations, assess supporting evidence, and identify areas of future research. A systematic review of the English literature on diabetes management during <span class="hlt">air</span> travel was undertaken utilizing PubMed and MEDLINE. Publications regarding general travel advice; adjustment of insulin and noninsulin therapies; and the use of insulin pumps, glucometers and subcutaneous glucose sensors at altitude were included. Gathered information was used to create an updated summary of glucose-lowering medication adjustment during <span class="hlt">air</span> travel. Sixty-one publications were identified, most providing expert opinion and few offering primary data (47 expert opinion, 2 observational studies, 2 case reports, 10 device studies). General travel advice was uniform, with increasing attention to preflight security. Indications for oral antihyperglycemic therapy adjustments varied. There were few recommendations on contemporary agents and on nonhypoglycemic adverse events. There was little consensus on insulin adjustment protocols, many antedating <span class="hlt">current</span> insulin formulations. Most publications advocated adjusting insulin pump time settings after arrival; however, there was disagreement on timing and rate adjustments. Glucometers and subcutaneous glucose sensors were reported to be less accurate at altitude, but not to an extent that would preclude their clinical use. Recommendations for diabetes management during <span class="hlt">air</span> travel vary significantly and are mostly based on expert opinion. Data from systematic investigation on glucose-lowering medication adjustment protocols may support the development of a future consensus statement. CSII = continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (device) DPP-4 = dipeptidyl peptidase 4 EGA = error grid analysis GDH = glucose dehydrogenase GOX = glucose</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760021189','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760021189"><span>Design principles of a rotating medium <span class="hlt">speed</span> mechanism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hostenkamp, R. G.; Achtermann, E.; Bentall, R. H.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>Design principles of a medium <span class="hlt">speed</span> mechanism (MSM) are presented, including discussion on the relative merits of beryllium and aluminium as structural materials. Rotating at a <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 60 rpm, the application envisaged for the MSM was as a despin bearing for the despun platform or despun antenna of a spin stabilized satellite. The MSM was built and tested to qualification level and is <span class="hlt">currently</span> undergoing real time life testing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970010249','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970010249"><span>A New Foil <span class="hlt">Air</span> Bearing Test Rig for Use to 700 C and 70,000 rpm</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>DellaCorte, Chris</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>A new test rig has been developed for evaluating foil <span class="hlt">air</span> bearings at high temperatures and <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. These bearings are self acting hydrodynamic <span class="hlt">air</span> bearings which have been successfully applied to a variety of turbomachinery operating up to 650 C. This unique test rig is capable of measuring bearing torque during start-up, shut-down and high <span class="hlt">speed</span> operation. Load capacity and general performance characteristics, such as durability, can be measured at temperatures to 700 C and <span class="hlt">speeds</span> to 70,000 rpm. This paper describes the new test rig and demonstrates its capabilities through the preliminary characterization of several bearings. The bearing performance data from this facility can be used to develop advanced turbomachinery incorporating high temperature oil-free <span class="hlt">air</span> bearing technology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890018276','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890018276"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport study. Summary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A system of study of the potential for a high <span class="hlt">speed</span> commercial transport aircraft addressed technology, economic, and environmental constraints. Market projections indicated a need for fleets of transport with supersonic or greater cruise <span class="hlt">speeds</span> by the years 2000 to 2005. The associated design requirements called for a vehicle to carry 250 to 300 passengers over a range of 5000 to 6000 nautical miles. The study was initially unconstrained in terms of vehicle characteristics, such as cruise <span class="hlt">speed</span>, propulsion systems, fuels, or structural materials. Analyses led to a focus on the most promising vehicle concepts. These were concepts that used a kerosene type fuel and cruised at Mach numbers between 2.0 to 3.2. Further systems study identified the impact of environmental constraints (for community noise, sonic boom, and engine emissions) on economic attractiveness and technological needs. Results showed that <span class="hlt">current</span> technology cannot produce a viable high <span class="hlt">speed</span> civil transport. Significant advances are needed to take off gross weight and allow for both economic attractiveness and environment acceptability. Specific technological requirements were identified to meet these needs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=73919&keyword=Assessment+AND+quality+AND+assurance+AND+program&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=73919&keyword=Assessment+AND+quality+AND+assurance+AND+program&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>AMBIENT <span class="hlt">AIR</span> MONITORING STRATEGY</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The Clean <span class="hlt">Air</span> Act requires EPA to establish national ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> quality standards and to regulate as necessary, hazardous <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants. EPA uses ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring to determine <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> quality conditions, and to assess progress toward meeting these standards and relat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA473194','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA473194"><span>Study of Properties of the Microwave Streamer Discharge in a High-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Flow of Gas and in Two-Phase Medium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2006-08-01</p> <p>comparably high pressure p only at p Torr. This is connected with technical limitations of comparably high power PMW generation even with a help of...ignited in a high -<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> flow with vfl = 5⋅104 cm/ s . A scheme of the experimental setup with EM beam with λ = 2.5 cm in this configuration is...corresponding diagram in Fig.5.9.4.1. One can see from it that a high -<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> flow existed during τfl = 1 s in experiments. t=0 t=1 s t=0.2 s t</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27943588','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27943588"><span>Separation of phenolic acids from sugarcane rind by online solid-phase extraction with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Geng, Ping; Fang, Yingtong; Xie, Ronglong; Hu, Weilun; Xi, Xingjun; Chu, Qiao; Dong, Genlai; Shaheen, Nusrat; Wei, Yun</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Sugarcane rind contains some functional phenolic acids. The separation of these compounds from sugarcane rind is able to realize the integrated utilization of the crop and reduce environment pollution. In this paper, a novel protocol based on interfacing online solid-phase extraction with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) was established, aiming at improving and simplifying the process of phenolic acids separation from sugarcane rind. The conditions of online solid-phase extraction with HSCCC involving solvent system, flow rate of mobile phase as well as saturated extent of absorption of solid-phase extraction were optimized to improve extraction efficiency and reduce separation time. The separation of phenolic acids was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of butanol/acetic acid/water at a volume ratio of 4:1:5, and the developed online solid-phase extraction with HSCCC method was validated and successfully applied for sugarcane rind, and three phenolic acids including 6.73 mg of gallic acid, 10.85 mg of p-coumaric acid, and 2.78 mg of ferulic acid with purities of 60.2, 95.4, and 84%, respectively, were obtained from 150 mg sugarcane rind crude extracts. In addition, the three different elution methods of phenolic acids purification including HSCCC, elution-extrusion counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography and back-extrusion counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography were compared. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059198','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059198"><span>Optimal stride frequencies in running at different <span class="hlt">speeds</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Oeveren, Ben T; de Ruiter, Cornelis J; Beek, Peter J; van Dieën, Jaap H</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>During running at a constant <span class="hlt">speed</span>, the optimal stride frequency (SF) can be derived from the u-shaped relationship between SF and heart rate (HR). Changing SF towards the optimum of this relationship is beneficial for energy expenditure and may positively change biomechanics of running. In the <span class="hlt">current</span> study, the effects of <span class="hlt">speed</span> on the optimal SF and the nature of the u-shaped relation were empirically tested using Generalized Estimating Equations. To this end, HR was recorded from twelve healthy (4 males, 8 females) inexperienced runners, who completed runs at three <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. The three <span class="hlt">speeds</span> were 90%, 100% and 110% of self-selected <span class="hlt">speed</span>. A self-selected SF (SFself) was determined for each of the <span class="hlt">speeds</span> prior to the <span class="hlt">speed</span> series. The <span class="hlt">speed</span> series started with a free-chosen SF condition, followed by five imposed SF conditions (SFself, 70, 80, 90, 100 strides·min-1) assigned in random order. The conditions lasted 3 minutes with 2.5 minutes of walking in between. SFself increased significantly (p<0.05) with <span class="hlt">speed</span> with averages of 77, 79, 80 strides·min-1 at 2.4, 2.6, 2.9 m·s-1, respectively). As expected, the relation between SF and HR could be described by a parabolic curve for all <span class="hlt">speeds</span>. <span class="hlt">Speed</span> did not significantly affect the curvature, nor did it affect optimal SF. We conclude that over the <span class="hlt">speed</span> range tested, inexperienced runners may not need to adapt their SF to running <span class="hlt">speed</span>. However, since SFself were lower than the SFopt of 83 strides·min-1, the runners could reduce HR by increasing their SFself.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980JOpt...11..393M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980JOpt...11..393M"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> and ultrahigh-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cinematographic recording techniques</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Miquel, J. C.</p> <p>1980-12-01</p> <p>A survey is presented of various high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> and ultrahigh-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cinematographic recording systems (covering a range of <span class="hlt">speeds</span> from 100 to 14-million pps). Attention is given to the functional and operational characteristics of cameras and to details of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cinematography techniques (including image processing, and illumination). A list of cameras (many of them French) available in 1980 is presented</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/20237','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/20237"><span>Work zone variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit systems: Effectiveness and system design issues.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>Variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit (VSL) systems have been used in a number of countries, particularly in Europe, as a method to improve flow and increase safety. VSLs use detectors to collect data on <span class="hlt">current</span> traffic and/or weather conditions. Posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35641','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/35641"><span>Work zone variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit systems : effectiveness and system design issues.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>Variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit (VSL) systems have been used in a number of countries, particularly in Europe, as a method to improve flow and increase safety. VSLs use detectors to collect data on <span class="hlt">current</span> traffic and/or weather conditions. Posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.5625..836W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.5625..836W"><span>Analysis of optical route in a micro high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> magneto-optic switch</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Weng, Zihua; Yang, Guoguang; Huang, Yuanqing; Chen, Zhimin; Zhu, Yun; Wu, Jinming; Lin, Shufen; Mo, Weiping</p> <p>2005-02-01</p> <p>A novel micro high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> 2x2 magneto-optic switch and its optical route, which is used in high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> all-optical communication network, is designed and analyzed in this paper. The study of micro high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> magneto-optic switch mainly involves the optical route and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> control technique design. The optical route design covers optical route design of polarization in optical switch, the performance analysis and material selection of magneto-optic crystal and magnetic path design in Faraday rotator. The research of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> control technique involves the study of nanosecond pulse generator, high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> magnetic field and its control technique etc. High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">current</span> transients from nanosecond pulse generator are used to switch the magnetization of the magneto-optic crystal, which propagates a 1550nm optical beam. The optical route design schemes and electronic circuits of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> control technique are both simulated on computer and test by the experiments respectively. The experiment results state that the nanosecond pulse generator can output the pulse with rising edge time 3~35ns, voltage amplitude 10~90V and pulse width 10~100ns. Under the control of CPU singlechip, the optical beam can be stably switched and the switching time is less than 1μs <span class="hlt">currently</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160007541','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160007541"><span>Development of an Interval Management Algorithm Using Ground <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Feedback for Delayed Traffic</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Barmore, Bryan E.; Swieringa, Kurt A.; Underwood, Matthew C.; Abbott, Terence; Leonard, Robert D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>One of the goals of NextGen is to enable frequent use of Optimized Profile Descents (OPD) for aircraft, even during periods of peak traffic demand. NASA is <span class="hlt">currently</span> testing three new technologies that enable <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic controllers to use <span class="hlt">speed</span> adjustments to space aircraft during arrival and approach operations. This will allow an aircraft to remain close to their OPD. During the integration of these technologies, it was discovered that, due to a lack of accurate trajectory information for the leading aircraft, Interval Management aircraft were exhibiting poor behavior. NASA's Interval Management algorithm was modified to address the impact of inaccurate trajectory information and a series of studies were performed to assess the impact of this modification. These studies show that the modification provided some improvement when the Interval Management system lacked accurate trajectory information for the leading aircraft.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4758221','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4758221"><span>The Need for <span class="hlt">Speed</span> in Rodent Locomotion Analyses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Batka, Richard J.; Brown, Todd J.; Mcmillan, Kathryn P.; Meadows, Rena M.; Jones, Kathryn J.; Haulcomb, Melissa M.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Locomotion analysis is now widely used across many animal species to understand the motor defects in disease, functional recovery following neural injury, and the effectiveness of various treatments. More recently, rodent locomotion analysis has become an increasingly popular method in a diverse range of research. <span class="hlt">Speed</span> is an inseparable aspect of locomotion that is still not fully understood, and its effects are often not properly incorporated while analyzing data. In this hybrid manuscript, we accomplish three things: (1) review the interaction between <span class="hlt">speed</span> and locomotion variables in rodent studies, (2) comprehensively analyze the relationship between <span class="hlt">speed</span> and 162 locomotion variables in a group of 16 wild-type mice using the CatWalk gait analysis system, and (3) develop and test a statistical method in which locomotion variables are analyzed and reported in the context of <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Notable results include the following: (1) over 90% of variables, reported by CatWalk, were dependent on <span class="hlt">speed</span> with an average R2 value of 0.624, (2) most variables were related to <span class="hlt">speed</span> in a nonlinear manner, (3) <span class="hlt">current</span> methods of controlling for <span class="hlt">speed</span> are insufficient, and (4) the linear mixed model is an appropriate and effective statistical method for locomotion analyses that is inclusive of <span class="hlt">speed</span>-dependent relationships. Given the pervasive dependency of locomotion variables on <span class="hlt">speed</span>, we maintain that valid conclusions from locomotion analyses cannot be made unless they are analyzed and reported within the context of <span class="hlt">speed</span>. PMID:24890845</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.9500M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.9500M"><span>Spume Drops: Their Potential Role in <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Gas Exchange</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Monahan, Edward C.; Staniec, Allison; Vlahos, Penny</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>After summarizing the time scales defining the change of the physical properties of spume and other droplets cast up from the sea surface, the time scales governing drop-atmosphere gas exchange are compared. Following a broad review of the spume drop production functions described in the literature, a subset of these functions is selected via objective criteria, to represent typical, upper bound, and lower bound production functions. Three complementary mechanisms driving spume-atmosphere gas exchange are described, and one is then used to estimate the relative importance, over a broad range of wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, of this spume drop mechanism compared to the conventional, diffusional, sea surface mechanism in <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas exchange. While remaining uncertainties in the wind dependence of the spume drop production flux, and in the immediate sea surface gas flux, preclude a definitive conclusion, the findings of this study strongly suggest that, at high wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (>20 m s-1 for dimethyl sulfide and >30 m s-1 for gases such a carbon dioxide), spume drops do make a significant contribution to <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas exchange.<abstract type="synopsis"><title type="main">Plain Language SummaryThis paper evaluates the existing spume drop generation functions available to date and selects a reasonable upper, lower and mid range function that are reasonable for use in <span class="hlt">air</span> sea exchange models. Based on these the contribution of spume drops to overall <span class="hlt">air</span> sea gas exchange at different wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> is then evaluated to determine the % contribution of spume. Generally below 20ms-1 spume drops contribute <1% of gas exchange but may account for a significant amount of gas exchange at higher wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhTea..53...52K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhTea..53...52K"><span>Stationary waves in tubes and the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kasper, Lutz; Vogt, Patrik; Strohmeyer, Christine</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The opportunity to plot oscillograms and frequency spectra with smartphones creates many options for experiments in acoustics, including several that have been described in this column.1-3 The activities presented in this paper are intended to complement these applications, and include an approach to determine sound velocity in <span class="hlt">air</span> by using standard drain pipes4 and an outline of an investigation of the temperature dependency of the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA366361','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA366361"><span>Kinematic and Kinetic Evaluation of High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Backward Running</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1999-06-30</p> <p>Designed using Perform Pro , WHS/DIOR, Oct 94 KINEMATIC AND KINETIC EVALUATION OF HIGH <span class="hlt">SPEED</span> BACKWARD RUNNING by ALAN WAYNE ARATA A DISSERTATION...Project Manager, Engineering Division, Kelly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Texas, 1983-86 AWARDS AND HONORS: All-American, 50yd Freestyle , 1979 Winner, Rocky...redirection #include <stdlib.h> // for exit #include <iomanip.h> // for set precision #include <string.h> // for string copy const int NUMPOINTS</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.7126E..0PH','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.7126E..0PH"><span>Flame behaviors of propane/<span class="hlt">air</span> premixed flame propagation in a closed rectangular duct with a 90-deg bend</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>He, Xuechao; Sun, Jinhua; Yuen, K. K.; Ding, Yibin; Chen, Sining</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>Experiments of flame propagation in a small, closed rectangular duct with a 90° bend were performed for a propane-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture. The high <span class="hlt">speed</span> camera and Schlieren techniques were used to record images of flame propagation process in the combustion pipe. Meanwhile, the fine thermocouples and ion <span class="hlt">current</span> probes were applied to measure the temperature distribution and reaction intensity of combustion. The characteristics of propane-<span class="hlt">air</span> flame and its microstructure were analyzed in detail by the experimental results. In the test, the special tulip flame formation was observed. Around the bend, the flame tip proceeded more quickly at the lower side with the flame front elongated toward the axial direction. And transition to turbulent flame occurred. It was suggested that fluctuations of velocity, ion <span class="hlt">current</span> and temperature were mainly due to the comprehensive effects of multi-wave and the intense of turbulent combustion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.A11H0145M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.A11H0145M"><span>High-Density, High-Resolution, Low-Cost <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Sensor Networks for Urban <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mead, M. I.; Popoola, O. A.; Stewart, G.; Bright, V.; Kaye, P.; Saffell, J.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Monitoring <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in highly granular environments such as urban areas which are spatially heterogeneous with variable emission sources, measurements need to be made at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. <span class="hlt">Current</span> routine <span class="hlt">air</span> quality monitoring networks generally are either composed of sparse expensive installations (incorporating e.g. chemiluminescence instruments) or higher density low time resolution systems (e.g. NO2 diffusion tubes). Either approach may not accurately capture important effects such as pollutant "hot spots" or adequately capture spatial (or temporal) variability. As a result, analysis based on data from traditional low spatial resolution networks, such as personal exposure, may be inaccurate. In this paper we present details of a sophisticated, low-cost, multi species (gas phase, speciated PM, meteorology) <span class="hlt">air</span> quality measurement network methodology incorporating GPS and GPRS which has been developed for high resolution <span class="hlt">air</span> quality measurements in urban areas. Sensor networks developed in the Centre for Atmospheric Science (University of Cambridge) incorporated electrochemical gas sensors configured for use in urban <span class="hlt">air</span> quality studies operating at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels. It has been demonstrated that these sensors can be used to measure key <span class="hlt">air</span> quality gases such as CO, NO and NO2 at the low ppb mixing ratios present in the urban environment (estimated detection limits <4ppb for CO and NO and <1ppb for NO2. Mead et al (submitted Aug., 2012)). Based on this work, a state of the art multi species instrument package for deployment in scalable sensor networks has been developed which has general applicability. This is <span class="hlt">currently</span> being employed as part of a major 3 year UK program at London Heathrow airport (the Sensor Networks for <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality (SNAQ) Heathrow project). The main project outcome is the creation of a calibrated, high spatial and temporal resolution data set for O3, NO, NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, VOCstotal, size-speciated PM</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ITM....20..377F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ITM....20..377F"><span>A new high <span class="hlt">current</span> laboratory and pulsed homopolar generator power supply at the University of Texas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Floyd, J. E.; Aanstoos, T. A.</p> <p>1984-03-01</p> <p>The University of Texas at Austin is constructing a facility for research in pulse power technology for the Center for Electromechanics at the Balcones Research Center. The facility, designed to support high-<span class="hlt">current</span> experiments, will be powered by six homopolar generators, each rated at 10 MJ and arranged to allow matching the requirements of resistive and inductive loads at various voltage and <span class="hlt">current</span> combinations. Topics covered include the high bay, the power supply configuration and parameters, the <span class="hlt">speed</span> and field control, and the magnetic circuit. Also considered are the removable <span class="hlt">air</span>-cooled brushes, the water-cooled field coils, the hydraulic motor sizing and direct coupling, the low-impedance removable field coils, and the hydrostatic bearing design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10328E..18T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10328E..18T"><span>Probing the nanoscale with high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> interferometry of an impacting drop</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thoroddsen, S. T.; Li, E. Q.; Vakarelski, I. U.; Langley, K.</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>The simple phenomenon of a water drop falling onto a glass plate may seem like a trivial fluid mechanics problem. However, detailed imaging has shown that this process is highly complex and a small <span class="hlt">air</span>-bubble is always entrapped under the drop when it makes contact with the solid. This bubble can interfere with the uniformity of spray coatings and degrade inkjet fabrication of displays etc. We will describe how we use high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> interferometry at 5 million frames per second to understand the details of this process. As the impacting drop approaches the solid, the dynamics are characterized by a balance between the lubrication pressure in the thin <span class="hlt">air</span> layer and the inertia of the bot-tom of the drop. This deforms the drop, forming a dimple at its bottom and making the drop touch the surface along a ring, thereby entrapping the <span class="hlt">air</span>-layer, which is typically 1-3 μm thick. This <span class="hlt">air</span>-layer can be highly compressed and the deceleration of the bottom of the drop can be as large as 300,000 g. We describe how the thickness evolution of the lubricating <span class="hlt">air</span>-layer is extracted from following the interference fringes between frames. Two-color interferometry is also used to extract absolute layer thicknesses. Finally, we identify the effects of nanometric surface roughness on the first contact of the drop with the substrate. Here we need to resolve the 100 nm thickness changes occurring during 200 ns intervals, requiring these state of the art high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> cameras. Surprisingly, we see a ring of micro-bubbles marking the first contact of the drop with the glass, only for microscope slides, which have a typical roughness of 20 nm, while such rings are absent for drop impacts onto molecularly smooth mica surfaces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARV41006N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARV41006N"><span>Limiting <span class="hlt">Speed</span> of the Bacterial Flagellar Motor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nirody, Jasmine; Berry, Richard; Oster, George</p> <p></p> <p>The bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) drives swimming in a wide variety of bacterial species, making it crucial for several fundamental biological processes including chemotaxis and community formation. Recent experiments have shown that the structure of this nanomachine is more dynamic than previously believed. Specifically, the number of active torque-generating units (stators) was shown to vary across applied loads. This finding invalidates the experimental evidence reporting that limiting (zero-torque) <span class="hlt">speed</span> is independent of the number of active stators. Here, we put forward a model for the torque generation mechanism of this motor and propose that the maximum <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the motor increases as additional torque-generators are recruited. This is contrary to the <span class="hlt">current</span> widely-held belief that there is a universal upper limit to the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the BFM. Our result arises from the assumption that stators disengage from the motor for a significant portion of their mechanochemical cycles at low loads. We show that this assumption is consistent with <span class="hlt">current</span> experimental evidence and consolidate our predictions with arguments that a processive motor must have a high duty ratio at high loads.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1783b0057F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1783b0057F"><span>Oriented microtexturing on the surface of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> steel cutting tool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Filippov, A. V.; Tarasov, S. Yu.; Podgornyh, O. A.; Shamarin, N. N.; Filippova, E. O.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Microtexturing the metal cutting tool surfaces is a novel technique intended for enhancing the workability of these tools. The microtexturing is used in machining the titanium alloys for <span class="hlt">air</span>-space applications for reducing the adhesion wear of metal cutting blades. This paper is focused on forming the microtextured dotted, banded and overlapped areas on the surfaces of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> steel samples. The treated areas have been examined using laser scanning microscopy for the microtexture pattern and roughness. It has been shown that the microtextured surfaces obtained on the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> steel samples were free of cracks. Surface pattern and roughness of all three microtextured areas have been examined and analyzed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3617167','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3617167"><span>The Role of Visual Processing <span class="hlt">Speed</span> in Reading <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Development</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lobier, Muriel; Dubois, Matthieu; Valdois, Sylviane</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A steady increase in reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> is the hallmark of normal reading acquisition. However, little is known of the influence of visual attention capacity on children's reading <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The number of distinct visual elements that can be simultaneously processed at a glance (dubbed the visual attention span), predicts single-word reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> in both normal reading and dyslexic children. However, the exact processes that account for the relationship between the visual attention span and reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> remain to be specified. We used the Theory of Visual Attention to estimate visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> and visual short-term memory capacity from a multiple letter report task in eight and nine year old children. The visual attention span and text reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> were also assessed. Results showed that visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> and visual short term memory capacity predicted the visual attention span. Furthermore, visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> predicted reading <span class="hlt">speed</span>, but visual short term memory capacity did not. Finally, the visual attention span mediated the effect of visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> on reading <span class="hlt">speed</span>. These results suggest that visual attention capacity could constrain reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> in elementary school children. PMID:23593117</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593117','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593117"><span>The role of visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> in reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> development.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lobier, Muriel; Dubois, Matthieu; Valdois, Sylviane</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A steady increase in reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> is the hallmark of normal reading acquisition. However, little is known of the influence of visual attention capacity on children's reading <span class="hlt">speed</span>. The number of distinct visual elements that can be simultaneously processed at a glance (dubbed the visual attention span), predicts single-word reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> in both normal reading and dyslexic children. However, the exact processes that account for the relationship between the visual attention span and reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> remain to be specified. We used the Theory of Visual Attention to estimate visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> and visual short-term memory capacity from a multiple letter report task in eight and nine year old children. The visual attention span and text reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> were also assessed. Results showed that visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> and visual short term memory capacity predicted the visual attention span. Furthermore, visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> predicted reading <span class="hlt">speed</span>, but visual short term memory capacity did not. Finally, the visual attention span mediated the effect of visual processing <span class="hlt">speed</span> on reading <span class="hlt">speed</span>. These results suggest that visual attention capacity could constrain reading <span class="hlt">speed</span> in elementary school children.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ChJME..26..526Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ChJME..26..526Y"><span>Empirical study of classification process for two-stage turbo <span class="hlt">air</span> classifier in series</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yu, Yuan; Liu, Jiaxiang; Li, Gang</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>The suitable process parameters for a two-stage turbo <span class="hlt">air</span> classifier are important for obtaining the ultrafine powder that has a narrow particle-size distribution, however little has been published internationally on the classification process for the two-stage turbo <span class="hlt">air</span> classifier in series. The influence of the process parameters of a two-stage turbo <span class="hlt">air</span> classifier in series on classification performance is empirically studied by using aluminum oxide powders as the experimental material. The experimental results show the following: 1) When the rotor cage rotary <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the first-stage classifier is increased from 2 300 r/min to 2 500 r/min with a constant rotor cage rotary <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the second-stage classifier, classification precision is increased from 0.64 to 0.67. However, in this case, the final ultrafine powder yield is decreased from 79% to 74%, which means the classification precision and the final ultrafine powder yield can be regulated through adjusting the rotor cage rotary <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the first-stage classifier. 2) When the rotor cage rotary <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the second-stage classifier is increased from 2 500 r/min to 3 100 r/min with a constant rotor cage rotary <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the first-stage classifier, the cut size is decreased from 13.16 μm to 8.76 μm, which means the cut size of the ultrafine powder can be regulated through adjusting the rotor cage rotary <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the second-stage classifier. 3) When the feeding <span class="hlt">speed</span> is increased from 35 kg/h to 50 kg/h, the "fish-hook" effect is strengthened, which makes the ultrafine powder yield decrease. 4) To weaken the "fish-hook" effect, the equalization of the two-stage wind <span class="hlt">speeds</span> or the combination of a high first-stage wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> with a low second-stage wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> should be selected. This empirical study provides a criterion of process parameter configurations for a two-stage or multi-stage classifier in series, which offers a theoretical basis for practical production.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-EC03-0047-5.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-EC03-0047-5.html"><span>X-45A <span class="hlt">Air</span> Vehicle #1 during flight #13, with weapons bay door open</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-02-21</p> <p>The DARPA/U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force X-45A Unmanned Combat <span class="hlt">Air</span> Vehicle (UCAV) system demonstration program completed the first phase of demonstrations, known as Block I, on Feb. 28, 2003. The final Block I activities included two flights at Dryden, during which safe operation of the weapons bay door was verified at 35,000 feet and <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of Mach 0.75, the maximum planned altitude and <span class="hlt">speed</span> for the two X-45A demonstrator vehicles.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MSSP...94...73B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MSSP...94...73B"><span>Motor <span class="hlt">current</span> signature analysis for gearbox condition monitoring under transient <span class="hlt">speeds</span> using wavelet analysis and dual-level time synchronous averaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bravo-Imaz, Inaki; Davari Ardakani, Hossein; Liu, Zongchang; García-Arribas, Alfredo; Arnaiz, Aitor; Lee, Jay</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>This paper focuses on analyzing motor <span class="hlt">current</span> signature for fault diagnosis of gearboxes operating under transient <span class="hlt">speed</span> regimes. Two different strategies are evaluated, extensively tested and compared to analyze the motor <span class="hlt">current</span> signature in order to implement a condition monitoring system for gearboxes in industrial machinery. A specially designed test bench is used, thoroughly monitored to fully characterize the experiments, in which gears in different health status are tested. The measured signals are analyzed using discrete wavelet decomposition, in different decomposition levels using a range of mother wavelets. Moreover, a dual-level time synchronous averaging analysis is performed on the same signal to compare the performance of the two methods. From both analyses, the relevant features of the signals are extracted and cataloged using a self-organizing map, which allows for an easy detection and classification of the diverse health states of the gears. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods for diagnosing gearbox faults. A slightly better performance was observed for dual-level time synchronous averaging method. Based on the obtained results, the proposed methods can used as effective and reliable condition monitoring procedures for gearbox condition monitoring using only motor <span class="hlt">current</span> signature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8906E..23M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8906E..23M"><span>Method of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> flow field influence and restrain on laser communication</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meng, Li-xin; Wang, Chun-hui; Qian, Cun-zhu; Wang, Shuo; Zhang, Li-zhong</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>For laser communication performance which carried by airplane or airship, due to high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> platform movement, the <span class="hlt">air</span> has two influences in platform and laser communication terminal window. The first influence is that aerodynamic effect causes the deformation of the optical window; the second one is that a shock wave and boundary layer would be generated. For subsonic within the aircraft, the boundary layer is the main influence. The presence of a boundary layer could change the <span class="hlt">air</span> density and the temperature of the optical window, which causes the light deflection and received beam spot flicker. Ultimately, the energy hunting of the beam spot which reaches receiving side increases, so that the error rate increases. In this paper, aerodynamic theory is used in analyzing the influence of the optical window deformation due to high <span class="hlt">speed</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>. Aero-optics theory is used to analyze the influence of the boundary layer in laser communication link. Based on this, we focused on working on exploring in aerodynamic and aero-optical effect suppression method in the perspective of the optical window design. Based on planning experimental aircraft types and equipment installation location, we optimized the design parameters of the shape and thickness of the optical window, the shape and size of <span class="hlt">air</span>-management kit. Finally, deformation of the optical window and <span class="hlt">air</span> flow distribution were simulated by fluid simulation software in the different mach and different altitude fly condition. The simulation results showed that the optical window can inhibit the aerodynamic influence after optimization. In addition, the boundary layer is smoothed; the turbulence influence is reduced, which meets the requirements of the airborne laser communication.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810054671&hterms=gas+liquid&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dgas%2Bliquid','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810054671&hterms=gas+liquid&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dgas%2Bliquid"><span>Generalization of low pressure, gas-liquid, metastable sound <span class="hlt">speed</span> to high pressures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bursik, J. W.; Hall, R. M.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>A theory is developed for isentropic metastable sound propagation in high pressure gas-liquid mixtures. Without simplification, it also correctly predicts the minimum <span class="hlt">speed</span> for low pressure <span class="hlt">air</span>-water measurements where other authors are forced to postulate isothermal propagation. This is accomplished by a mixture heat capacity ratio which automatically adjusts from its single phase values to approximately the isothermal value of unity needed for the minimum <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Computations are made for the pure components parahydrogen and nitrogen, with emphasis on the latter. With simplifying assumptions, the theory reduces to a well known approximate formula limited to low pressure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020066763','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020066763"><span>Filtered Mass Density Function for Design Simulation of High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Airbreathing Propulsion Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Givi, P.; Madnia, C. K.; Gicquel, L. Y. M.; Sheikhi, M. R. H.; Drozda, T. G.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The objective of this research is to improve and implement the filtered mass density function (FDF) methodology for large eddy simulation (LES) of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> reacting turbulent flows. NASA is interested in the design of various components involved in <span class="hlt">air</span> breathing propulsion systems such as the scramjet. There is a demand for development of robust tools that can aid in the design procedure. The physics of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> reactive flows is rich with many complexities. LES is regarded as one of the most promising means of simulating turbulent reacting flows.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18589976','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18589976"><span>Laboratory and on-road evaluations of cabin <span class="hlt">air</span> filters using number and surface area concentration monitors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Qi, Chaolong; Stanley, Nick; Pui, David Y H; Kuehn, Thomas H</p> <p>2008-06-01</p> <p>An automotive cabin <span class="hlt">air</span> filter's effectiveness for removing airborne particles was determined both in a laboratory wind tunnel and in vehicle on-road tests. The most penetrating particle size for the test filter was approximately 350 nm, where the filtration efficiency was 22.9 and 17.4% at medium and high fan <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, respectively. The filtration efficiency increased for smaller particles and was 43.9% for 100 nm and 72.0% for 20 nm particles at a medium fan <span class="hlt">speed</span>. We determined the reduction in passenger exposure to particles while driving in freeway traffic caused by a vehicle ventilation system with a cabin <span class="hlt">air</span> filter installed. Both particle number and surface area concentration measurements were made inside the cabin and in the surrounding <span class="hlt">air</span>. At medium fan <span class="hlt">speed</span>, the number and surface area concentration-based exposure reductions were 65.6 +/- 6.0% and 60.6 +/- 9.4%, respectively. To distinguish the exposure reduction contribution from the filter alone and the remainder of the ventilation system, we also performed tests with and without the filter in place using the surface area monitors. The ventilation system operating in the recirculation mode with the cabin <span class="hlt">air</span> filter installed provided the maximum protection, reducing the cabin particle concentration exponentially over time and usually taking only 3 min to reach 10 microm2/cm3 (a typical office <span class="hlt">air</span> condition) under medium fan <span class="hlt">speed</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900001525','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900001525"><span>Design of a final approach spacing tool for TRACON <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Davis, Thomas J.; Erzberger, Heinz; Bergeron, Hugh</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes an automation tool that assists <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic controllers in the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) Facilities in providing safe and efficient sequencing and spacing of arrival traffic. The automation tool, referred to as the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST), allows the controller to interactively choose various levels of automation and advisory information ranging from predicted time errors to <span class="hlt">speed</span> and heading advisories for controlling time error. FAST also uses a timeline to display <span class="hlt">current</span> scheduling and sequencing information for all aircraft in the TRACON airspace. FAST combines accurate predictive algorithms and state-of-the-art mouse and graphical interface technology to present advisory information to the controller. Furthermore, FAST exchanges various types of traffic information and communicates with automation tools being developed for the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Route Traffic Control Center. Thus it is part of an integrated traffic management system for arrival traffic at major terminal areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-24/pdf/2012-4273.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-24/pdf/2012-4273.pdf"><span>77 FR 11145 - Intent to Request Renewal From OMB of One <span class="hlt">Current</span> Public Collection of Information: <span class="hlt">Air</span> Cargo...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-02-24</p> <p>...The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) invites public comment on one <span class="hlt">currently</span> approved Information Collection Request (ICR), OMB control number 1652-0040, abstracted below that we will submit to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for renewal in compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act. The ICR describes the nature of the information collection and its expected burden. This ICR involves five broad categories of affected populations: airports, passenger aircraft operators, foreign <span class="hlt">air</span> carriers, indirect <span class="hlt">air</span> carriers operating under a security program, and all-cargo carriers. The collections of information that make up this ICR are security programs, security threat assessments (STA), known shipper data via the Known Shipper Management System (KSMS), <span class="hlt">Air</span> Cargo Data Management System (ACDMS), Cargo Reporting Tool for cargo screening reporting, and evidence of compliance recordkeeping. TSA seeks continued OMB approval in order to secure passenger aircraft carrying cargo as authorized in the Aviation and Transportation Security Act.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1914071','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1914071"><span>Flight <span class="hlt">Speeds</span> among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Alerstam, Thomas; Rosén, Mikael; Bäckman, Johan; Ericson, Per G. P; Hellgren, Olof</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> is expected to increase with mass and wing loading among flying animals and aircraft for fundamental aerodynamic reasons. Assuming geometrical and dynamical similarity, cruising flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> is predicted to vary as (body mass)1/6 and (wing loading)1/2 among bird species. To test these scaling rules and the general importance of mass and wing loading for bird flight <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, we used tracking radar to measure flapping flight <span class="hlt">speeds</span> of individuals or flocks of migrating birds visually identified to species as well as their altitude and winds at the altitudes where the birds were flying. Equivalent airspeeds (airspeeds corrected to sea level <span class="hlt">air</span> density, U e) of 138 species, ranging 0.01–10 kg in mass, were analysed in relation to biometry and phylogeny. Scaling exponents in relation to mass and wing loading were significantly smaller than predicted (about 0.12 and 0.32, respectively, with similar results for analyses based on species and independent phylogenetic contrasts). These low scaling exponents may be the result of evolutionary restrictions on bird flight-<span class="hlt">speed</span> range, counteracting too slow flight <span class="hlt">speeds</span> among species with low wing loading and too fast <span class="hlt">speeds</span> among species with high wing loading. This compression of <span class="hlt">speed</span> range is partly attained through geometric differences, with aspect ratio showing a positive relationship with body mass and wing loading, but additional factors are required to fully explain the small scaling exponent of U e in relation to wing loading. Furthermore, mass and wing loading accounted for only a limited proportion of the variation in U e. Phylogeny was a powerful factor, in combination with wing loading, to account for the variation in U e. These results demonstrate that functional flight adaptations and constraints associated with different evolutionary lineages have an important influence on cruising flapping flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> that goes beyond the general aerodynamic scaling effects of mass and wing loading. PMID</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563832','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563832"><span>Impact of fine particulate fluctuation and other variables on Beijing's <span class="hlt">air</span> quality index.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Bo; Lu, Shaowei; Li, Shaoning; Wang, Bing</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>We analyzed fluctuation in Beijing's <span class="hlt">air</span> quality over 328 days, based on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality grades and <span class="hlt">air</span> quality data from 35 atmospheric monitoring stations. Our results show the <span class="hlt">air</span> over Beijing is subject to pollution 152 days of the year, or 46.34%. Among all pollutants, fine particulates, solid or liquid, 2.5 μm or less in size (PM2.5), appeared most frequently as the primary pollutant: 249 days, or 76% of the sample year (328 days). Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and coarse particulates (PM10) cause the least pollution, appearing only 7 and 3 days, or 2 and 1% of the sample year, respectively. In Beijing, fine particulates like PM2.5 vary seasonally: 154.54 ± 18.60 in winter > 145.22 ± 18.61 in spring > 140.16 ± 20.76 in autumn > 122.37 ± 13.42 in summer. <span class="hlt">Air</span> quality is best in August and worst in December, while various districts in Beijing experience different <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. To be specific, from south to north and from west to east, <span class="hlt">air</span> quality tends to improve. Meteorological elements have a constraining effect on <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants, which means there is a linear correlation between the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality index and humidity, rainfall, wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, and temperature. Under a typical pollution scenario, the higher the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality index (AQI) value, the lower the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and the greater the relative humidity; the lower the AQI value, the higher the wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and lower the relative humidity. Analysis of influencing factors reveals that the <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution is mainly particulate matter produced by burning coal, vehicle emissions, volatile oils and gas, fast development of food services, emissions from the surrounding region, and natural dust clouds formed in arid areas to the northwest. Topography affects the distribution of meteorological conditions, in turn varying <span class="hlt">air</span> quality over the region from one location to another. Human activities also exercise impact on urban <span class="hlt">air</span> quality with dual functions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/974958-efficient-low-lift-cooling-radiant-distribution-thermal-storage-variable-speed-chiller-controls-part-component-subsystem-models','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/974958-efficient-low-lift-cooling-radiant-distribution-thermal-storage-variable-speed-chiller-controls-part-component-subsystem-models"><span>Efficient Low-Lift Cooling with Radiant Distribution, Thermal Storage and Variable-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Chiller Controls Part I: Component and Subsystem Models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Armstrong, Peter; Jiang, Wei; Winiarski, David W.</p> <p>2009-03-31</p> <p>this paper develops component and subsystem models used to evaluat4e the performance of a low-lift cooling system with an <span class="hlt">air</span>-colled chiller optimized for variable-<span class="hlt">speed</span> and low-pressure-ratio operation, a hydronic radient distribution system, variable-<span class="hlt">speed</span> transport miotor controls, and peak-shifting controls.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150020902','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150020902"><span>Technology Candidates for <span class="hlt">Air-to-Air</span> and <span class="hlt">Air</span>-to-Ground Data Exchange</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Haynes, Brian D.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p> underlying architecture of ground-<span class="hlt">air</span> and <span class="hlt">air-air</span> communications as a whole, rather than as simple "link to function" paired solutions. For the business case analysis, a number of "reference architectures" were developed for both the future technologies and the <span class="hlt">current</span> systems, based on three typical configurations of <span class="hlt">current</span> aircraft. <span class="hlt">Current</span> and future costs were assigned, and various comparisons made between the <span class="hlt">current</span> and future architectures. In general, it was assumed that if a future architecture offers lower cost than the <span class="hlt">current</span> typical architecture, while delivering equivalent or better performance, it is likely that the future solution will gain industry acceptance. Conversely, future architectures presenting higher costs than their <span class="hlt">current</span> counterparts must present a compelling benefit case in other areas or risk a lack of industry acceptance. The business case analysis consistently indicated lower costs for the proposed future architectures, and in most cases, significantly so. The proposed future solutions were found to offer significantly greater functionality, flexibility, and growth potential over time, at lower cost, than <span class="hlt">current</span> systems. This was true for overall, fleet-wide equipage for domestic and oceanic <span class="hlt">air</span> carriers, as well as for single, General Aviation (GA) aircraft. The overall research results indicate that all identified requirements can be met by the proposed solutions with significant capacity for future growth. Results also illustrate that the majority of the future communication needs can be met using <span class="hlt">currently</span> allocated aviation RF spectrum, if used in more effective ways than it is today. A combination of such optimized aviation-specific links and commercial communication systems meets all identified needs for the 50-year future and beyond, with the caveat that a new, overall function will be needed to manage all information exchange, individual links, security, cost, and other factors. This function was labeled "Delivery Manager" (DM</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160007772','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160007772"><span>Analysis of Low-<span class="hlt">Speed</span> Stall Aerodynamics of a Swept Wing with Seamless Flaps</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bui, Trong T.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted to study the low-<span class="hlt">speed</span> stall aerodynamics of a Gulfstream G-III airplane (Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, Georgia) swept wing modified with an experimental seamless, compliant flap called the Adaptive Compliant Trailing Edge (ACTE) flap. The stall characteristics of the modified ACTE wing were analyzed and compared with the unmodified, clean wing at the flight <span class="hlt">speed</span> of 120 knots and altitude of 2300 feet above mean sea level, in free <span class="hlt">air</span> as well as in ground effect. A polyhedral finite-volume unstructured full Navier-Stokes CFD code, STAR-CCM (registered trademark) plus (CD-adapco [Computational Dynamics Limited, United Kingdom, and Analysis & Design Application Co., United States]), was used. Steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes CFD simulations were conducted for a clean wing and the ACTE wings at various ACTE deflection angles in free <span class="hlt">air</span> (-2 degrees, 15 degrees, and 30 degrees) as well as in ground effect (15 degrees and 30 degrees). Solution sensitivities to grid densities were examined. In free <span class="hlt">air</span>, the ACTE wings are predicted to stall at lower angles of attack than the clean wing. In ground effect, all wings are predicted to stall at lower angles of attack than the corresponding wings in free <span class="hlt">air</span>. Even though the lift curves are higher in ground effect than in free <span class="hlt">air</span>, the maximum lift coefficients for all wings are lower in ground effect. Finally, the lift increase due to ground effect for the ACTE wing is predicted to be less than the clean wing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19655324','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19655324"><span>Preparative separation of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin from Capsicum frutescens by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peng, Aihua; Ye, Haoyu; Li, Xia; Chen, Lijuan</p> <p>2009-09-01</p> <p>Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are two main bioactive components of Capsicum frutescens and are widely used as food additives and drugs in China and India. Due to their similarity in structures, isolation of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin with traditional methods such as silica gel column chromatography, normal-phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC) becomes difficult. This study involves separating capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin with sufficient purity and recovery using high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) with a solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water-acetic acid (20:20:20:20:2, v/v/v/v/v). Separation parameters such as sample volume, and sample concentration were first optimized on analytical HSCCC, and then scaled up to preparative HSCCC. 0.65 g capsaicin and 0.28 g dihydrocapsaicin were obtained from 1.2 g crude extract and their purities were 98.5 and 97.8%, respectively. The recoveries of the two compounds were 86.3 and 85.4%, respectively. The purity of the isolated compounds was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their structures were identified by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and (13)C NMR analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239007','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239007"><span>Analytical separation of tea catechins and food-related polyphenols by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yanagida, Akio; Shoji, Atsushi; Shibusawa, Yoichi; Shindo, Heisaburo; Tagashira, Motoyuki; Ikeda, Mitsuo; Ito, Yoichiro</p> <p>2006-04-21</p> <p>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) using the type-J coil planet centrifuge was applied to compositional analysis of tea catechins and separation of other food-related polyphenols. The HSCCC separation of nine different standard compounds and those from extracts of commercial tea leaves was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of tert-butyl methyl ether-acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (2:2:3, v/v/v) by eluting the upper organic phase at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. The main compounds in the extract of non-fermented green tea were found to be monomeric catechins, their galloylated esters and caffeine. In addition to these compounds, oxidized pigments, such as hydrophobic theaflavins (TFs) and polar thearubigins (TRs) were also separated and detected from the extracts of semi-fermented oolong tea and fermented black tea. Furthermore, several food-related polyphenols, such as condensed catechin oligomers (procyanidins), phenolic acids and flavonol glycosides were clearly separated under the same HSCCC condition. These separation profiles of HSCCC provide useful information about the hydrophobic diversity of these bioactive polyphenols present in various types of teas and food products.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1512690S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1512690S"><span>The <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interface and Surface Stress under Tropical Cyclones</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soloviev, Alexander; Lukas, Roger; Donelan, Mark; Ginis, Isaac</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span>-sea interaction dramatically changes from moderate to very high wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> conditions (Donelan et al. 2004). Unresolved physics of the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interface are one of the weakest components in tropical cyclone prediction models. Rapid disruption of the <span class="hlt">air</span>-water interface under very high wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> conditions was reported in laboratory experiments (Koga 1981) and numerical simulations (Soloviev et al. 2012), which resembled the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at an interface with very large density difference. Kelly (1965) demonstrated that the KH instability at the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interface can develop through parametric amplification of waves. Farrell and Ioannou (2008) showed that gustiness results in the parametric KH instability of the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interface, while the gusts are due to interacting waves and turbulence. The stochastic forcing enters multiplicatively in this theory and produces an exponential wave growth, augmenting the growth from the Miles (1959) theory as the turbulence level increases. Here we complement this concept by adding the effect of the two-phase environment near the mean interface, which introduces additional viscosity in the system (turning it into a rheological system). The two-phase environment includes <span class="hlt">air</span>-bubbles and re-entering spray (spume), which eliminates a portion of the wind-wave wavenumber spectrum that is responsible for a substantial part of the <span class="hlt">air</span> sea drag coefficient. The previously developed KH-type interfacial parameterization (Soloviev and Lukas 2010) is unified with two versions of the wave growth model. The unified parameterization in both cases exhibits the increase of the drag coefficient with wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> until approximately 30 m/s. Above this wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> threshold, the drag coefficient either nearly levels off or even slightly drops (for the wave growth model that accounts for the shear) and then starts again increasing above approximately 65 m/s wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>. Remarkably, the unified parameterization reveals a local minimum</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA517539','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA517539"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Science & Technology Issues & Opportunities Regarding High Performance Embedded Computing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-09-23</p> <p>Challenges by Domain * <span class="hlt">Air</span>: Persistent <span class="hlt">air</span> dominance is at risk * Increasingly effective <span class="hlt">air</span> defenses * Proliferation of 5th generation fighters, cheap cruise missiles, and UASs * Light-<span class="hlt">speed</span> war possibilities are terrifying * Space: Now a contested domain * Increasingly important * Increasingly vulnerable * Cyber: Cyber warfare has begun * We don’t control the battlespace * We rely on it more and more * We can’t find the enemy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26255060','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26255060"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Current</span> Applied to the Face Improves Exercise Performance in Patients with COPD.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Marchetti, Nathaniel; Lammi, Matthew R; Travaline, John M; Ciccolella, David; Civic, Brian; Criner, Gerard J</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Improving dyspnea and exercise performance are goals of COPD therapy. We tested the hypothesis that <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">current</span> applied to the face would lessen dyspnea and improve exercise performance in moderate-severe COPD patients. We recruited 10 COPD patients (5 men, age 62 ± 6 years, FEV1 0.93 ± 0.11 L (34 ± 3% predicted), TLC 107 ± 6%, RV 172 ± 18%) naïve to the study hypothesis. Each patient was randomized in a crossover fashion to lower extremity ergometry at constant submaximal workload with a 12-diameter fan directed at the patients face or exposed leg. Each patients' studies were separated by at least 1 week. Inspiratory capacity and Borg dyspnea score were measured every 2 min and at maximal exercise. Total exercise time was longer when the fan was directed to the face (14.3 ± 12 vs. 9.4 ± 7.6 min, face vs. leg, respectively, p = 0.03). Inspiratory capacity tended to be greater with the fan directed to the face (1.4 (0.6-3.25) vs. 1.26 (0.56-2.89) L, p = 0.06). There was a reduction in dynamic hyperinflation, as reflected by higher IRV area in the fan on face group (553 ± 562 a.u. vs. 328 ± 319 a.u., p = 0.047). There was a significant improvement in the Borg dyspnea score at maximal exercise (5.0 (0-10) vs. 6.5 (0-10), p = 0.03), despite exercising for 34 % longer with the fan directed to the face. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">current</span> applied to the face improves exercise performance in COPD. Possible mechanisms include an alteration in breathing pattern that diminishes development of dynamic hyperinflation or to a change in perception of breathlessness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OPhy...16...31K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OPhy...16...31K"><span>AC/DC <span class="hlt">current</span> ratio in a <span class="hlt">current</span> superimposition variable flux reluctance machine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kohara, Akira; Hirata, Katsuhiro; Niguchi, Noboru; Takahara, Kazuaki</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We have proposed a <span class="hlt">current</span> superimposition variable flux reluctance machine for traction motors. The torque-<span class="hlt">speed</span> characteristics of this machine can be controlled by increasing or decreasing the DC <span class="hlt">current</span>. In this paper, we discuss an AC/DC <span class="hlt">current</span> ratio in the <span class="hlt">current</span> superimposition variable flux reluctance machine. The structure and control method are described, and the characteristics are computed using FEA in several AC/DC ratios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC33A1216B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC33A1216B"><span>WIND <span class="hlt">SPEED</span> Monitoring in Northern Eurasia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bulygina, O.; Korshunova, N. N.; Razuvaev, V. N.; Groisman, P. Y.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The wind regime of Russia varies a great deal due to the large size of the country's territory and variety of climate and terrain conditions. Changes in the regime of surface wind are of great practical importance. They can affect heat and water balance. Strong wind is one of the most hazardous meteorological event for various sectors of economy and for infrastructure. The main objective of this research is to monitoring wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> change in Northern Eurasia At meteorological stations wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and wind direction are measured at the height of 10-12 meters over the land surface with the help of wind meters or wind wanes. Calculations were made on the basis of data for the period of 1980-2015. It allowed the massive scale disruption of homogeneity to be eliminated and sufficient period needed to obtain sustainable statistic characteristics to be retained. Data on average and maximum wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> measured at 1457 stations of Russia were used. The analysis of changes in wind characteristics was made on the basis of point data and series of average characteristics obtained for 18 quasi-homogeneous climatic regions. Statistical characteristics (average and maximum values of wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>, prevailing wind direction, values of the boundary of the 90%, 95% and 99%-confidence interval in the distribution of maximum wind <span class="hlt">speed</span>) were obtained for all seasons and for the year as a whole. Values of boundaries of the 95% and 99%-confidence interval in the distribution of maximum wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> were considered as indicators of extremeness of the wind regime. The trend of changes in average and maximum wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> was assessed with a linear trend coefficient. A special attention was paid to wind changes in the Arctic where dramatic changes in surface <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and sea ice extent and density have been observed during the past decade. The analysis of the results allowed seasonal and regional features of changes in the wind regime on the territory of the northern part of Eurasia to be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980003769','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980003769"><span>Performance Enhancement of a High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Jet Impingement System for Nonvolatile Residue Removal</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Klausner, James F.; Mei, Renwei; Near, Steve; Stith, Rex</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>A high <span class="hlt">speed</span> jet impingement cleaning facility has been developed to study the effectiveness of the nonvolatile residue removal. The facility includes a high pressure <span class="hlt">air</span> compressor which charges the k-bottles to supply high pressure <span class="hlt">air</span>, an <span class="hlt">air</span> heating section to vary the temperature of the high pressure <span class="hlt">air</span>, an <span class="hlt">air</span>-water mixing chamber to meter the water flow and generate small size droplets, and a converging- diverging nozzle to deliver the supersonic <span class="hlt">air</span>-droplet mixture flow to the cleaning surface. To reliably quantify the cleanliness of the surface, a simple procedure for measurement and calibration is developed to relate the amount of the residue on the surface to the relative change in the reflectivity between a clean surface and the greased surface. This calibration procedure is economical, simple, reliable, and robust. a theoretical framework is developed to provide qualitative guidance for the design of the test and interpretation of the experimental results. The result documented in this report support the theoretical considerations.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1334128-rapid-doubling-critical-current-yba2cu3o7-coated-conductors-viable-high-speed-industrial-processing','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1334128-rapid-doubling-critical-current-yba2cu3o7-coated-conductors-viable-high-speed-industrial-processing"><span>Rapid doubling of the critical <span class="hlt">current</span> of YBa 2Cu 3O 7-δ coated conductors for viable high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> industrial processing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Leroux, M.; Kihlstrom, K. J.; Holleis, S.; ...</p> <p>2015-11-09</p> <p>Here, we demonstrate that 3.5-MeV oxygen irradiation can markedly enhance the in-field critical <span class="hlt">current</span> of commercial second generation superconducting tapes with an exposure time of just 1 s per 0.8 cm 2. Furthermore we demonstrate how <span class="hlt">speed</span> is now at the level required for an industrial reel-to-reel post-processing. The irradiation is made on production line samples through the protective silver coating and does not require any modification of the growth process. From TEM imaging, we identify small clusters as the main source of increased vortex pinning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25453174','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25453174"><span>A <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit compliance model for dynamic <span class="hlt">speed</span> display sign.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ardeshiri, Anam; Jeihani, Mansoureh</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Violating <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes. Various techniques have been adopted to ensure that posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits are obeyed by drivers. This study investigates the effect of dynamic <span class="hlt">speed</span> display signs (DSDSs) on drivers' compliance with posted <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit. An extensive <span class="hlt">speed</span> data collection upstream of, adjacent to, and downstream of DSDS locations on multiple road classes with different <span class="hlt">speed</span> limits (25, 35, and 45 mph) was performed short-term and long-term after DSDS installation. Conventional statistical analysis, regression models, and a Bayesian network were developed to assess the DSDS's effectiveness. General compliance with <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit (upstream of the DSDS location), time of day, day of week, duration of DSDS operation, and distance from the DSDS location were significantly correlated with <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit compliance adjacent to the DSDS. While compliance with the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit due to the DSDS increased by 5%, <span class="hlt">speed</span> reduction occurred in 40% of the cases. Since drivers were likely to increase their <span class="hlt">speed</span> after passing the DSDS, it should be installed on critical points supplemented with enforcement. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1222896-near-surface-density-currents-observed-southeast-pacific-stratocumulus-topped-marine-boundary-layer','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1222896-near-surface-density-currents-observed-southeast-pacific-stratocumulus-topped-marine-boundary-layer"><span>Near-surface Density <span class="hlt">Currents</span> Observed in the Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus-topped Marine Boundary Layer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wilbanks, Matt C.; Yuter, S. E.; de Szoeke, S.</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>Density <span class="hlt">currents</span> (i.e. cold pools or outflows) beneath marine stratocumulus clouds are characterized using a 30-d data set of ship-based observations obtained during the 2008 Variability of American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in the southeast Pacific. An objective method identifies 71 density <span class="hlt">current</span> fronts using an <span class="hlt">air</span> density criterion and isolates each density current’s core (peak density) and tail (dissipating) zone. Compared to front and core zones, most density <span class="hlt">current</span> tails exhibited weaker density gradients and wind anomalies elongated about the axis of the mean wind. The mean cloud-level advection relative to the surface layer windmore » (1.9 m s-1) nearly matches the mean density <span class="hlt">current</span> propagation <span class="hlt">speed</span> (1.8 m s-1). The similarity in <span class="hlt">speeds</span> allows drizzle cells to deposit tails in their wakes. Based on high-resolution scanning Doppler lidar data, prefrontal updrafts had a mean intensity of 0.91 m s-1, reached an average altitude of 800 m, and were often surmounted by low-lying shelf clouds not connected to the overlying stratocumulus cloud. Nearly 90% of density <span class="hlt">currents</span> were identified when C-band radar estimated 30-km diameter areal average rain rates exceeded 1 mm d-1. Rather than peaking when rain rates are highest overnight, density <span class="hlt">current</span> occurrence peaks between 0600 and 0800 local solar time when enhanced local drizzle co-occurs with shallow subcloud dry and stable layers. The dry layers may contribute to density <span class="hlt">current</span> formation by enhancing subcloud evaporation of drizzle. Density <span class="hlt">currents</span> preferentially occur in regions of open cells but also occur in regions of closed cells.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930085295','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930085295"><span>Composition and Thermodynamic Properties of <span class="hlt">Air</span> in Chemical Equilibrium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Moeckel, W E; Weston, Kenneth C</p> <p>1958-01-01</p> <p>Charts have been prepared relating the thermodynamic properties of <span class="hlt">air</span> in chemical equilibrium for temperatures to 15,000 degrees k and for pressures 10(-5) to 10 (plus 4) atmospheres. Also included are charts showing the composition of <span class="hlt">air</span>, the isentropic exponent, and the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound. These charts are based on thermodynamic data calculated by the National Bureau of Standards.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664664','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664664"><span>Pay as You <span class="hlt">Speed</span>, ISA with incentive for not <span class="hlt">speeding</span>: results and interpretation of <span class="hlt">speed</span> data.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lahrmann, Harry; Agerholm, Niels; Tradisauskas, Nerius; Berthelsen, Kasper K; Harms, Lisbeth</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>To simulate a market introduction of Intelligent <span class="hlt">Speed</span> Adaptation (ISA) and to study the effect of a Pay as You <span class="hlt">Speed</span> (PAYS) concept, a field trial with 153 drivers was conducted during 2007-2009. The participants drove under PAYS conditions for a shorter or a longer period. The PAYS concept consisted of informative ISA linked with economic incentive for not <span class="hlt">speeding</span>, measured through automatic count of penalty points whenever the <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit was exceeded. The full incentive was set to 30% of a participant's insurance premium. The participants were exposed to different treatments, with and without incentive crossed with informative ISA present or absent. The results showed that ISA is an efficient tool for reducing <span class="hlt">speeding</span> particularly on rural roads. The analysis of <span class="hlt">speed</span> data demonstrated that the proportion of distance driven above the <span class="hlt">speed</span> where the ISA equipment responded (PDA) was a sensitive measure for reflecting the effect of ISA, whereas mean free flow <span class="hlt">speed</span> and the 85th percentile <span class="hlt">speed</span>, were less sensitive to ISA effects. The PDA increased a little over time but still remained at a low level; however, when ISA was turned off, the participants' <span class="hlt">speeding</span> relapsed to the baseline level. Both informative ISA and incentive ISA reduced the PDA, but there was no statistically significant interaction. Informative reduced it more than the incentive. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25675944','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25675944"><span>Separation of five compounds from leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees by off-line two-dimensional high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography combined with gradient and recycling elution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Li; Liu, Qi; Yu, Jingang; Zeng, Hualiang; Jiang, Shujing; Chen, Xiaoqing</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>An off-line two-dimensional high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography method combined with gradient and recycling elution mode was established to isolate terpenoids and flavones from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. By using the solvent systems composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water with different volume ratios, five compounds including roseooside, 5,4'-dihydroxyflavonoid-7-O-β-d-pyranglucuronatebutylester, 7,8-dimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyloxyflavon, 14-deoxyandrographiside, and andrographolide were successfully isolated. Purities of these isolated compounds were all over 95% as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by UV, mass spectrometry, and (1) H NMR spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that the combination of off-line two-dimensional high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography with different elution modes is an efficient technique to isolate compounds from complex natural product extracts. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003368','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003368"><span>Performance of Simple Gas Foil Thrust Bearings in <span class="hlt">Air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bruckner, Robert J.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Foil bearings are self-acting hydrodynamics devices used to support high <span class="hlt">speed</span> rotating machinery. The advantages that they offer to process fluid lubricated machines include: high rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span> capability, no auxiliary lubrication system, non-contacting high <span class="hlt">speed</span> operation, and improved damping as compared to rigid hydrodynamic bearings. NASA has had a sporadic research program in this technology for almost 6 decades. Advances in the technology and understanding of foil journal bearings have enabled several new commercial products in recent years. These products include oil-free turbochargers for both heavy trucks and automobiles, high <span class="hlt">speed</span> electric motors, microturbines for distributed power generation, and turbojet engines. However, the foil thrust bearing has not received a complimentary level of research and therefore has become the weak link of oil-free turbomachinery. In an effort to both provide machine designers with basic performance parameters and to elucidate the underlying physics of foil thrust bearings, NASA Glenn Research Center has completed an effort to experimentally measure the performance of simple gas foil thrust bearing in <span class="hlt">air</span>. The database includes simple bump foil supported thrust bearings with full geometry and manufacturing techniques available to the user. Test conditions consist of <span class="hlt">air</span> at ambient pressure and temperatures up to 500 C and rotational <span class="hlt">speeds</span> to 55,000 rpm. A complete set of axial load, frictional torque, and rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span> is presented for two different compliant sub-structures and inter-pad gaps. Data obtained from commercially available foil thrust bearings both with and without active cooling is presented for comparison. A significant observation made possible by this data set is the <span class="hlt">speed</span>-load capacity characteristic of foil thrust bearings. Whereas for the foil journal bearing the load capacity increases linearly with rotational <span class="hlt">speed</span>, the foil thrust bearing operates in the hydrodynamic high <span class="hlt">speed</span> limit. In</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614750','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614750"><span>Feature Tracking for High <span class="hlt">Speed</span> AFM Imaging of Biopolymers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hartman, Brett; Andersson, Sean B</p> <p>2018-03-31</p> <p>The scanning <span class="hlt">speed</span> of atomic force microscopes continues to advance with some <span class="hlt">current</span> commercial microscopes achieving on the order of one frame per second and at least one reaching 10 frames per second. Despite the success of these instruments, even higher frame rates are needed with scan ranges larger than are <span class="hlt">currently</span> achievable. Moreover, there is a significant installed base of slower instruments that would benefit from algorithmic approaches to increasing their frame rate without requiring significant hardware modifications. In this paper, we present an experimental demonstration of high <span class="hlt">speed</span> scanning on an existing, non-high <span class="hlt">speed</span> instrument, through the use of a feedback-based, feature-tracking algorithm that reduces imaging time by focusing on features of interest to reduce the total imaging area. Experiments on both circular and square gratings, as well as silicon steps and DNA strands show a reduction in imaging time by a factor of 3-12 over raster scanning, depending on the parameters chosen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.7680K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.7680K"><span>High <span class="hlt">speed</span> video shooting with continuous-wave laser illumination in laboratory modeling of wind - wave interaction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kandaurov, Alexander; Troitskaya, Yuliya; Caulliez, Guillemette; Sergeev, Daniil; Vdovin, Maxim</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Three examples of usage of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video filming in investigation of wind-wave interaction in laboratory conditions is described. Experiments were carried out at the Wind - wave stratified flume of IAP RAS (length 10 m, cross section of <span class="hlt">air</span> channel 0.4 x 0.4 m, wind velocity up to 24 m/s) and at the Large <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction Facility (LASIF) - MIO/Luminy (length 40 m, cross section of <span class="hlt">air</span> channel 3.2 x 1.6 m, wind velocity up to 10 m/s). A combination of PIV-measurements, optical measurements of water surface form and wave gages were used for detailed investigation of the characteristics of the wind flow over the water surface. The modified PIV-method is based on the use of continuous-wave (CW) laser illumination of the airflow seeded by particles and high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> video. During the experiments on the Wind - wave stratified flume of IAP RAS Green (532 nm) CW laser with 1.5 Wt output power was used as a source for light sheet. High <span class="hlt">speed</span> digital camera Videosprint (VS-Fast) was used for taking visualized <span class="hlt">air</span> flow images with the frame rate 2000 Hz. Velocity <span class="hlt">air</span> flow field was retrieved by PIV images processing with adaptive cross-correlation method on the curvilinear grid following surface wave profile. The mean wind velocity profiles were retrieved using conditional in phase averaging like in [1]. In the experiments on the LASIF more powerful Argon laser (4 Wt, CW) was used as well as high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> camera with higher sensitivity and resolution: Optronics Camrecord CR3000x2, frame rate 3571 Hz, frame size 259×1696 px. In both series of experiments spherical 0.02 mm polyamide particles with inertial time 7 ms were used for seeding airflow. New particle seeding system based on utilization of <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure is capable of injecting 2 g of particles per second for 1.3 - 2.4 s without flow disturbance. Used in LASIF this system provided high particle density on PIV-images. In combination with high-resolution camera it allowed us to obtain momentum fluxes directly from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AcMSn..32..215D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AcMSn..32..215D"><span>Aerodynamic design on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ding, San-San; Li, Qiang; Tian, Ai-Qin; Du, Jian; Liu, Jia-Li</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Compared with the traditional train, the operational <span class="hlt">speed</span> of the high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> train has largely improved, and the dynamic environment of the train has changed from one of mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination. The aerodynamic problem has become the key technological challenge of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains and significantly affects the economy, environment, safety, and comfort. In this paper, the relationships among the aerodynamic design principle, aerodynamic performance indexes, and design variables are first studied, and the research methods of train aerodynamics are proposed, including numerical simulation, a reduced-scale test, and a full-scale test. Technological schemes of train aerodynamics involve the optimization design of the streamlined head and the smooth design of the body surface. Optimization design of the streamlined head includes conception design, project design, numerical simulation, and a reduced-scale test. Smooth design of the body surface is mainly used for the key parts, such as electric-<span class="hlt">current</span> collecting system, wheel truck compartment, and windshield. The aerodynamic design method established in this paper has been successfully applied to various high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains (CRH380A, CRH380AM, CRH6, CRH2G, and the Standard electric multiple unit (EMU)) that have met expected design objectives. The research results can provide an effective guideline for the aerodynamic design of high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> trains.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA152384','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA152384"><span>US <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force <span class="hlt">Air</span> Base Ground Defense Doctrine. Are The Issues Which Arose Concerning <span class="hlt">Air</span> Base Ground Defense During the Vietnam Conflict Recognized in <span class="hlt">Current</span> US <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Doctrine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1984-05-01</p> <p>Conflict; US efforts to overcome these difficulties_ statistics concerning hostile attacks against <span class="hlt">air</span> bases and the results thereof (8]; and, a...buses. During the period from � through 1973 the threat to ,<span class="hlt">air</span> bacses iontinued, as reflected in the <span class="hlt">air</span> base attack statistics provided ,at...advantage of aI r base vulnerabi lities to gather detailed intelligenrci concerning the <span class="hlt">air</span> bases. C1 48 -STANDOFF ATTACKS- Based upon the statistics in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22939268','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22939268"><span>Ultrahigh pressure extraction of lignan compounds from Dysosma versipellis and purification by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Qing; Liu, Feng; Xu, Meixia; Lin, Xiaojing; Wang, Xiao</p> <p>2012-09-15</p> <p>Ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) was employed to extract podophyllotoxin and 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin from Dysosma versipellis. The effects of extraction parameters including extraction solvents, pressure, time and solid/liquid ratio were investigated using a High Hydrostatic Pressure Processor. The optimal condition for UPE of the target compounds was 80% methanol, 200 MPa of pressure, 1 min of extraction time and 1:12 (g/mL) of solid/liquid ratio. Podophyllotoxin and 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin in the crude extract were purified by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (10:10:8:12, v/v), and the fractions were analyzed by HPLC, ESI-MS and (1)H NMR. As a result, 73.7 mg podophyllotoxin and 16.5mg 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin with purities over 96% were obtained from 260 mg crude sample in one-step separation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20057592','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20057592"><span>High-<span class="hlt">speed</span> photodetectors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Anderson, L K; McMurtry, B J</p> <p>1966-10-01</p> <p>This paper is intended as a status report on high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> detectors for the visible and near-infrared portion of the optical spectrum. Both vacuum and solid-state detectors are discussed, with the emphasis on those devices which can be used as direct (noncoherent) detectors of weak optical signals modulated at microwave frequencies. The best detectors for this application have internal <span class="hlt">current</span> gain and in this regard the relevant properties and limitations of high-frequency secondary emission multiplication in vacuum tube devices and avalanche multiplication in p-n junctions are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhTea..49...81D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhTea..49...81D"><span>The Internal Ballistics of an <span class="hlt">Air</span> Gun</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Denny, Mark</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>The internal ballistics of a firearm or artillery piece considers the pellet, bullet, or shell motion while it is still inside the barrel. In general, deriving the muzzle <span class="hlt">speed</span> of a gunpowder firearm from first principles is difficult because powder combustion is fast and it very rapidly raises the temperature of gas (generated by gunpowder deflagration, or burning), which greatly complicates the analysis. A simple case is provided by <span class="hlt">air</span> guns, for which we can make reasonable approximations that permit a derivation of muzzle <span class="hlt">speed</span>. It is perhaps surprising that muzzle <span class="hlt">speed</span> depends upon barrel length (artillerymen debated this dependence for centuries, until it was established experimentally and, later, theoretically ). Here we see that a simple physical analysis, accessible to high school or freshmen undergraduate physics students, not only derives realistic muzzle <span class="hlt">speed</span> but also shows how it depends upon barrel length.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150006816','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150006816"><span>Handling Qualities of Large Rotorcraft in Hover and Low <span class="hlt">Speed</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Malpica, Carlos; Theodore, Colin R.; Lawrence , Ben; Blanken, Chris L.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>According to a number of system studies, large capacity advanced rotorcraft with a capability of high cruise <span class="hlt">speeds</span> (approx.350 mph) as well as vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) flight could alleviate anticipated <span class="hlt">air</span> transportation capacity issues by making use of non-primary runways, taxiways, and aprons. These advanced aircraft pose a number of design challenges, as well as unknown issues in the flight control and handling qualities domains. A series of piloted simulation experiments have been conducted on the NASA Ames Research Center Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) in recent years to systematically investigate the fundamental flight control and handling qualities issues associated with the characteristics of large rotorcraft, including tiltrotors, in hover and low-<span class="hlt">speed</span> maneuvering.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1402564','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1402564"><span>Chapter 22: Compressed <span class="hlt">Air</span> Evaluation Protocol. The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kurnik, Charles W; Benton, Nathanael; Burns, Patrick</p> <p></p> <p>Compressed-<span class="hlt">air</span> systems are used widely throughout industry for many operations, including pneumatic tools, packaging and automation equipment, conveyors, and other industrial process operations. Compressed-<span class="hlt">air</span> systems are defined as a group of subsystems composed of <span class="hlt">air</span> compressors, <span class="hlt">air</span> treatment equipment, controls, piping, pneumatic tools, pneumatically powered machinery, and process applications using compressed <span class="hlt">air</span>. A compressed-<span class="hlt">air</span> system has three primary functional subsystems: supply, distribution, and demand. <span class="hlt">Air</span> compressors are the primary energy consumers in a compressed-<span class="hlt">air</span> system and are the primary focus of this protocol. The two compressed-<span class="hlt">air</span> energy efficiency measures specifically addressed in this protocol are: High-efficiency/variable <span class="hlt">speed</span> drive (VSD) compressormore » replacing modulating, load/unload, or constant-<span class="hlt">speed</span> compressor; and Compressed-<span class="hlt">air</span> leak survey and repairs. This protocol provides direction on how to reliably verify savings from these two measures using a consistent approach for each.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877205','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877205"><span>Preparative separation of phenolic compounds from Halimodendron halodendron by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Jihua; Gao, Haifeng; Zhao, Jianglin; Wang, Qi; Zhou, Ligang; Han, Jianguo; Yu, Zhu; Yang, Fuyu</p> <p>2010-08-31</p> <p>Three phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (2), and 3,3'-di-O-methylquercetin (5), along with a phenolic mixture were successfully separated from the ethyl acetate crude extract of Halimodendron halodendron by high-<span class="hlt">speed</span> counter-<span class="hlt">current</span> chromatography (HSCCC) with chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (4:3:2:0.05, v/v) as the two-phase solvent system. The phenolic mixture from HSCCC was further separated by preparative HPLC and purified by Sephadex LH-20 to afford quercetin (3) and 3-O-methylquercetin (4). Seven hundred mg of ethyl acetate crude extract was separated by HSCCC to obtain six fractions which were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HSCCC separation obtained total of 80 mg of the mixture of quercetin (3) and 3-O-methylquercetin (4) (26.43% and 71.89%, respectively) in fraction 2, 14 mg of 3,3'-di-O-methylquercetin (5) at 95.14% of purity in fraction 3, 15 mg of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1) at 92.83% of purity in fraction 5, 12 mg of isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (2) at 97.99% of purity in fraction 6. This is the first time these phenolic compounds have been obtained from H. halodendron, and their chemical structures identified by means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..363a2024S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..363a2024S"><span>Ultrasound sounding in <span class="hlt">air</span> by fast-moving receiver</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sukhanov, D.; Erzakova, N.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>A method of ultrasound imaging in the <span class="hlt">air</span> for a fast receiver. The case, when the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of movement of the receiver can not be neglected with respect to the <span class="hlt">speed</span> of sound. In this case, the Doppler effect is significant, making it difficult for matched filtering of the backscattered signal. The proposed method does not use a continuous repetitive noise-sounding signal. generalized approach applies spatial matched filtering in the time domain to recover the ultrasonic tomographic images.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA00429.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA00429.html"><span>Hurricane Isabel, <span class="hlt">AIRS</span> Infrared and SeaWinds Scatterometer Data Combined</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-09-20</p> <p>These two images show Hurricane Isabel as viewed by <span class="hlt">AIRS</span> and SeaWinds scatterometers on NASA ADEOS-2 and QuikScat satellites in September, 2003. <span class="hlt">AIRS</span> data are used to create global three-dimensional maps of temperature, humidity and clouds, while scatterometers measure surface wind <span class="hlt">speed</span> and direction. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00429</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6874515-current-observations-offshore-punta-tuna-puerto-rico-june-december-part','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6874515-current-observations-offshore-punta-tuna-puerto-rico-june-december-part"><span><span class="hlt">Current</span> observations offshore Punta Tuna, Puerto Rico, 21 June-7 December 1980. Part A</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Frye, D.; Leavitt, K.; Whitney, A.</p> <p>1981-08-01</p> <p>An oceanographic measurement program was conducted in the vicinity of a proposed ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) site about 20 km offshore of Punta Tuna, Puerto Rico. As part of the program, a mooring consisting of five <span class="hlt">current</span> meters was maintained between 21 June and 7 December, 1980. The <span class="hlt">current</span> data collected are summarized according to frequency of occurrence within 5 cm/sec <span class="hlt">speed</span> and 15/sup 0/ direction intervals. Sums and percentages of total occurrence are given for each <span class="hlt">speed</span> and direction class, along with mean <span class="hlt">speed</span>, extreme <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, mean component <span class="hlt">speeds</span>, and standard deviations. Hourly averages of <span class="hlt">current</span> <span class="hlt">speed</span>, truemore » direction, <span class="hlt">current</span> vector, temperature, and pressure are plotted as a function of time. On 13 December, 1980, a <span class="hlt">current</span> meter array was deployed at the Punta Tuna site and recovered on May 16, 1981. The processed <span class="hlt">current</span> data from this <span class="hlt">current</span> meter array are described. 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