Public acceptability of highway safety countermeasures : volume IV, pedestrian measures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

This volume is part of a larger study providing information about public attitudes : towards proposed highway safety countermeasures in three program areas: alcohol : and drugs, unsafe driving behaviors, and pedestrian safety. Pedestrian safety : cou...

State funding of alcohol safety countermeasure programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-09-01

This study was to analyze current State practices in funding State alcohol highway safety programs. The results were intended to provide guidelines for establishing and improving self-sustaining alcohol safety programs. The literature was reviewed an...

Alcohol and highway safety 1978 : a review of the state of knowledge

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

This report presents the results of a comprehensive review and analysis of the problem of alcohol and highway crashes in the United States. Both the nature of the alcohol-crash problem and societal responses to that problem are treated. Epidemiologic...

Alcohol/safety public information materials catalog. Number 5

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

Author's abstract: The Alcohol/Safety Public Information Materials Catalog is designed for use by persons developing public information programs on alcohol and highway safety. It lists materials produced for campaigns along with journal articles and ...

Georgia Highway Safety 1997 fact book : a report on highway safety In Georgia

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

The goal of this fact book is to present highway safety statistics and fact-based analysis that will increase public awareness on highway safety issues, and to provide information that will assist policy makers and highway safety advocates in making ...

Public acceptability of highway safety countermeasures. Volume 2, Safe driving conformance research

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

This volume is part of a larger study providing information about public attitudes towards proposed highway safety countermeasures in three program areas: alcohol and drugs, unsafe driving behaviors, and pedestrian safety. Topic areas discussed in th...

Public acceptability of highway safety countermeasures. Volume 1, Background of study and methodology

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

This study provides information about public attitudes towards proposed highway safety countermeasures in three program areas: alcohol and drugs, unsafe driving behaviors, and pedestrian safety. This volume describes the three research methodologies ...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 3: Motorcycle Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 3 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) concentrates on aspects of motorcycle safety. The purpose and specific objectives of a State motorcycle safety program are outlined. Federal authority in the highway safety area and general policies…

Alcohol and highway safety 1978 : a review of the state of knowledge. Summary volume

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

This report summarizes the results or a comprehensive review and analysis of the problem of alcohol and highway crashes in the United States. Both the nature of the alcohol-crash problem and societal responses to that problem are treated. Epidemiolog...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting : effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. : The guide describes major strategies and countermeasures t...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. The guide: describes major strategies and countermeasures that...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. The guide: describes major strategies and countermeasures that...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. The guide: describes major strategies and countermeasures that...

Highway safety design workshops.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

Highway safety is an ongoing concern for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its : proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety : analyses earlier in the project develop...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 12: Highway Design, Construction and Maintenance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 12 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) focuses on highway design, construction and maintenance. The purpose and specific objectives of such a program are described. Federal authority in the area of highway safety and policies regarding…

SafetyAnalyst : software tools for safety management of specific highway sites

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-07-01

SafetyAnalyst provides a set of software tools for use by state and local highway agencies for highway safety management. SafetyAnalyst can be used by highway agencies to improve their programming of site-specific highway safety improvements. SafetyA...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 14: Pedestrian Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 14 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) concentrates on pedestrian safety. The purpose and objectives of a pedestrian safety program are outlined. Federal authority in the area of pedestrian safety and policies regarding a safety program…

Calibration of highway safety manual work zone crash modification factors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

The Highway Safety Manual is the national safety manual that provides quantitative methods for analyzing highway safety. The : HSM presents crash modification factors related to work zone characteristics such as work zone duration and length. These c...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices, fifth edition, 2010.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting : effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. : The guide: : o describes major strategies and countermeasu...

25 CFR 170.141 - What Federal funds are available for a tribe's highway safety activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... program funds under 23 U.S.C. 405; (d) Alcohol traffic safety program funds under 23 U.S.C. 408; (e... from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS); (g) Indian Highway Safety Program 25 CFR...

25 CFR 170.141 - What Federal funds are available for a tribe's highway safety activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... program funds under 23 U.S.C. 405; (d) Alcohol traffic safety program funds under 23 U.S.C. 408; (e... from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS); (g) Indian Highway Safety Program 25 CFR...

25 CFR 170.141 - What Federal funds are available for a tribe's highway safety activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... program funds under 23 U.S.C. 405; (d) Alcohol traffic safety program funds under 23 U.S.C. 408; (e... from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS); (g) Indian Highway Safety Program 25 CFR...

Missouri Highway Safety Manual Recalibration

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-05-01

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is a national manual for analyzing the highway safety of various facilities, including rural roads, urban arterials, freeways, and intersections. The HSM was first published in 2010, and a 2014 supplement addressed fre...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 11: Emergency Medical Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 11 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) concentrates on emergency medical services. The purpose of the program, Federal authority in the area of medical services, and policies related to an emergency medical services (EMS) program are…

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 13: Traffic Engineering Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 13 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) focuses on traffic engineering services. The introduction outlines the purposes and objectives of Highway Safety Program Standard 13 and the Highway Safety Program Manual. Program development and…

Alcohol Highway-Traffic Safety Workshop for Alcohol Rehabilitation and Treatment Personnel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, William; And Others

The manual, designed for one-day workshops for 20 to 40 alcoholism rehabilitation and treatment professionals who are involved with traffic safety problems, is one of a series of five workshop manuals developed to assist State and local agencies involved in the development of programs for coping with the drinking-driver problem. Workshop goals…

23 CFR 1200.40 - Expiration of the Highway Safety Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Expiration of the Highway Safety Plan. 1200.40 Section 1200.40 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURES FOR STATE HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS UNIFORM PROCEDURES FOR STATE...

23 CFR 1200.40 - Expiration of the Highway Safety Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Expiration of the Highway Safety Plan. 1200.40 Section 1200.40 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURES FOR STATE HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS UNIFORM PROCEDURES FOR STATE...

Blood alcohol test results of motor vehicle deaths as an evaluation method for the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-01-01

The Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) was started following the June 1971 approval of the proposal and working plan submitted to the Department of Transportation by the Highway Safety Division of Virginia. A total of $2,123,000 was allocat...

A primer for highway safety professionals : advancing pedestrian and bicyclist safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-04-01

Communities across the county are encouraging walking and biking to meet safety, health, livability, equity, and mobility goals. This primer is intended for highway safety professionals, including State Highway Safety Officials, as well as their part...

Calibrating the future highway safety manual predictive methods for Oregon state highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-01

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) was published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in the spring of 2010. Volume 2 (Part C) of the HSM includes safety predictive methods which can be used to quantitativel...

Highway Safety Manual applied in Missouri - freeway/software.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

AASHTOs Highway Safety Manual (HSM) facilitates the quantitative safety analysis of highway facilities. In a 2014 : supplement, freeway facilities were added to the original HSM manual which allows the modeling of highway : interchanges. This repo...

The Maryland strategic highway safety plan 2006-2010

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-09-01

When the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) led the development of a strategic highway safety plan in 1997, targeting the nations most serious highway safety problems, Maryland was one of the few states in the ...

Updating a Strategic Highway Safety Plan : Learning from the Idaho Transportation Department (ITD) - Proceedings from the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Highway Safety Peer-to-Peer Exchange Program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

On November 4, 2009, ITDs Office of Highway Operations and Safety partnered with the FHWA Office of Safety to host a one-day peer exchange. This event focused on the update of Idahos Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), entitled Toward Zero...

State of Tennessee strategic highway safety plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-08-01

The State of Tennessee's Strategic Highway Safety Plan was developed by the Tennessee Strategic Highway Safety Committee with the goal of reaching a 10% fatality rate reduction, based on CY 2002 data, by the end of CY 2008, with a projected saving of...

Automated enforcement and highway safety : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

The objectives of the Automated Enforcement and Highway Safety Research study were to conduct a : literature review of national research related to the effectiveness of Red Light Camera (RLC) programs : in changing crash frequency, crash severity, cr...

Highway safety attitudes of Virginians : Results of the 1977 highway safety public opinion poll, final Report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

In October 1977, the Highway Safety Division of Virginia sponsored a statewide public opinion poll conducted by the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council. From the first through the twenty-second of October, approximately 1,700 randoml...

Norms and attitudes related to alcohol usage and driving : a review of the relevant literature. "Suggestions for developing prevention programs to reduce the incidence of alcohol-impaired driving"

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-09-01

This project provides information about norms and attitudes related to alcohol use and driving. This booklet was developed to assist highway safety program officials in assimulating recent research findings on primary prevention into their DWI commun...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 15: Police Traffic Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 15 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) focuses on police traffic services. The purpose and objectives of a police services program are described. Federal authority in the areas of highway safety and policies regarding a police traffic…

25 CFR 170.144 - What are eligible highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-related deaths, injuries and accidents; (j) Impaired driver initiatives; (k) Child safety seat programs... travel on IRRs, such as guardrail construction and traffic markings; (f) Development of a safety management system; (g) Education and outreach highway safety programs, such as use of child safety seats...

Estimating effects of alcohol tax increases on highway fatalities

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-12-01

There can be no doubt that tax increases which raise the price of all alcoholic beverages : will reduce the overall consumption of alcohol which in turn will reduce highway : accidents and fatalities. Both theoretical reasoning about the effects of t...

78 FR 39587 - Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grant Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23 CFR Parts 1200... 2127-AL29 Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grant Programs AGENCY: National Highway Traffic... governing the implementation of State highway safety grant programs as amended by the Moving Ahead for...

76 FR 8400 - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-14

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Petition for Exemption From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Mitsubishi Motors AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Grant of petition for exemption. SUMMARY: This...

Primer on the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-16

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program for State Departments of Transportation (State DOTs) administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). This is a major source of funding for safety projects on the n...

Improving Safety Data Collection, Access, and Analysis for California's Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP): Proceedings from the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) Peer-to-Peer Exchange Program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-28

This report provides a summary of a peer exchange sponsored by the California Office of Traffic Safety (OTS), California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), the California Highway Patrol (CHP), and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The ...

Calibration of the Louisiana Highway Safety Manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

The application of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) : Highway Safety Manual (HSM) to Louisiana roads is a key component to the Louisiana Department of : Transportation and Developments (DOTD) plan ...

Maine highway safety plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

Each September 1, the MeBHS must provide NHTSA a comprehensive plan to reduce : traffic crashes and resulting deaths, injuries and property damage. The Highway Safety : Plan (HSP) serves as Maines application for available federal funds for these ...

Implementation of the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report outlines a cost-effective and thoughtful way to implement the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) in Alabama. : The HSM was published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and it was prepared by the Transporta...

Truck safety at highway-rail grade crossings.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

Safety at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGC) is a major concern for different agencies because increasing highway and rail : traffic presents a greater risk of crashes at these locations. In 2008, there were 2,391 crashes and 523 fatalities reported...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 6: Codes and Laws.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 6 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred safety practices) concentrates on codes and laws. The purpose and specific objectives of the Codes and Laws Program, Federal authority in the area of highway safety, and policies regarding traffic regulation are described.…

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 16: Debris Hazard Control and Cleanup.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 16 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) concentrates on debris hazard control and cleanup. The purpose and objectives of such a program are outlined. Federal authority in the area of highway safety and policies regarding a debris control…

23 CFR Appendix B to Part 1200 - HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM COST SUMMARY (HS-217)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM COST SUMMARY (HS-217) B APPENDIX B TO PART 1200 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURES FOR STATE HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS UNIFORM PROCEDURES FOR...

23 CFR Appendix B to Part 1200 - Highway Safety Program Cost Summary (HS-217)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Highway Safety Program Cost Summary (HS-217) B Appendix B to Part 1200 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURES FOR STATE HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS UNIFORM PROCEDURES FOR...

Use and misuse of motor-vehicle crash death rates in assessing highway-safety performance.

PubMed

O'Neill, Brian; Kyrychenko, Sergey Y

2006-12-01

The objectives of the article are to assess the extent to which comparisons of motor-vehicle crash death rates can be used to determine the effectiveness of highway-safety policies over time in a country or to compare policy effectiveness across countries. Motor-vehicle crash death rates per mile traveled in the 50 U.S. states from 1980 to 2003 are used to show the influence on these rates of factors independent of highway-safety interventions. Multiple regression models relating state death rates to various measures related to urbanization and demographics are used. The analyses demonstrate strong relationships between state death rates and urbanization and demographics. Almost 60% of the variability among the state death rates can be explained by the independent variables in the multiple regression models. When the death rates for passenger vehicle occupants (i.e., excluding motorcycle, pedestrian, and other deaths) are used in the regression models, almost 70% of the variability in the rates can be explained by urbanization and demographics. The analyses presented in the article demonstrate that motor-vehicle crash death rates are strongly influenced by factors unrelated to highway-safety countermeasures. Overall death rates should not be used as a basis for judging the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of specific highway-safety countermeasures or to assess overall highway-safety policies, especially across jurisdictions. There can be no substitute for the use of carefully designed scientific evaluations of highway-safety interventions that use outcome measures directly related to the intervention; e.g., motorcyclist deaths should be used to assess the effectiveness of motorcycle helmet laws. While this may seem obvious, there are numerous examples in the literature of death rates from all crashes being used to assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at specific subsets of crashes.

Improved processes for meeting the data requirements for implementing the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) and Safety Analyst in Florida.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

Recent research in highway safety has focused on the more advanced and statistically proven techniques of highway : safety analysis. This project focuses on the two most recent safety analysis tools, the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) : and SafetyAnalys...

Calibration of the Louisiana Highway Safety Manual : Research Project Capsule

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

Louisiana consistently ranks near the : bottom in national statistics regarding : highway safety, particularly traffi c crash : related fatalities. To counter these conditions, the Louisiana Department of : Transportation and Development (LADOTD) has...

Alcohol highway safety : problem update

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-04-01

Author's abstract: This document examines new literature and data on selected alcohol-crash targets or problems that have become available since the November 1989 State of Knowledge review. Specifically, this update addresses research since the 1989 ...

Driver inattention and highway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-14

The Transportation Systems Center, in support of research carried out by the : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Crash Avoidance Division, has : reviewed research into driver attentional processes to assess the potential for : the deve...

Driver inattention and highway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

The Transportation Systems Center, in support of research carried out by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Crash Avoidance Division, has reviewed research into driver attentional processes to assess the potential for the developmen...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 2: Motor Vehicle Registration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 2 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) describes the purposes and specific objectives of motor vehicle registration. Federal authority for vehicle registration and general policies regarding vehicle registration systems are outlined.…

Calibration factors handbook : safety prediction models calibrated with Texas highway system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

Highway safety is an ongoing concern to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its : proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety : analyses earlier in the project developm...

Field evaluation of highway safety hardware maintenance guidelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate with field tests, a procedure developed for the Federal Highway Administration for determining frequencies at which highway safety hardware needs to be inspected and repaired. The frequencies arrived at wer...

Drinking-driving patterns at night : baseline roadside survey of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

As part of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP), staff members of the Virginia Highway Research Council, acting in their role as evaluators of the project, conducted a baseline survey of the nighttime drinking-driving patterns in Fairfax,...

Exploring the effects of state highway safety laws and sociocultural characteristics on fatal crashes.

PubMed

Dong, Chunjiao; Nambisan, Shashi S; Clarke, David B; Sun, Jian

2017-04-03

Distinguished from the traditional perspectives in crash analyses, which examined the effects of geometric design features, traffic factors, and other relevant attributes on the crash frequencies of roadway entities, our study focuses on exploring the effects of highway safety laws, as well as sociocultural characteristics, on fatal crashes across states. Law and regulation related data were collected from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, State Highway Safety Offices, and Governors Highway Safety Association. A variety of sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. In addition, cultural factors and other attributes from a variety of resources are considered and incorporated in the modeling process. These data and fatal crash counts were collected for the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia and were analyzed using zero-truncated negative binomial (ZTNB) regression models. The results show that, in law and regulation-related factors, the use of speed cameras, no handheld cell phone ban, limited handheld cell phone ban, and no text messaging ban are found to have significant effects on fatal crashes. Regarding sociocultural characteristics, married couples with both husband and wife in the labor force are found to be associated with lower crash frequencies, the ratios of workers traveling to work by carpool, those driving alone, workers working outside the county of residence, language other than English and limited English fluency, and the number of licensed drivers are found to be associated with higher crash frequencies. Through reviewing and modeling existing state highway safety laws and sociocultural characteristics, the results reveal new insights that could influence policy making. In addition, the results would benefit amending existing laws and regulations and provide testimony about highway safety issues before lawmakers consider new legislation.

Drugs and highway safety 1980

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-05-01

This report presents findings of a study to describe (1) present knowledge about the relationship between drug use by drivers and highway safety, and (2) efforts to detect and prevent drug-impaired driving. Past, ongoing, and planned activities at fe...

Alcohol and highway safety : behavioral and medical aspects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-09-01

Drivers involved in fatal and serious injury highway crashes were compared with drivers: (1) using the same roads at similar times, but without crash involvement (2) with recent drunken driving arrests; (3) with arrests for other serious traffic viol...

Alcohol and highway safety : behavioral and medical aspects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-09-01

Author's abstract: Drivers involved in fatal and serious injury highway crashes were compared with drivers: (1) using the same roads at similar times, but without crash involvement (2) with recent drunken driving arrests; (3) with arrests for other s...

23 CFR 1200.4 - State Highway Safety Agency-Authority and functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... is suitably equipped and organized to carry out the State's highway safety program. (b) Authority... safety and projects administered by other State and local agencies; (3) Maintain or have ready access to information contained in State highway safety data systems, including crash, citation, adjudication, emergency...

23 CFR 1200.4 - State Highway Safety Agency-Authority and functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... is suitably equipped and organized to carry out the State's highway safety program. (b) Authority... safety and projects administered by other State and local agencies; (3) Maintain or have ready access to information contained in State highway safety data systems, including crash, citation, adjudication, emergency...

Countermeasures That Work : A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide For State Highway Safety Offices Sixth Edition, 2011

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-02-01

This edition of Countermeasures that Work was prepared by the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center (HSRC). Researchers who contributed to this edition include Arthur H. Goodwin, Libby J. Thomas, William L. Hall, and Mary Ellen ...

Suggested revisions to the annual highway safety work program in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-01-01

This paper describes some suggested revisions in the format of and method and procedures for compiling the Annual Highway Safety Work Program (AHSWP) required of the states by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Prior to fisca...

Development of a highway safety fundamental course.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-05-01

Although the need for road safety education was first recognized in the 1960s, it has become an increasingly urgent issue : in recent years. To fulfill the hefty goal set up by the AASHTO Highway Safety Strategy and by state DOTS, it is critical : to...

Investigations of plastic composite materials for highway safety structures

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-08-01

This report presents a basic overview and assessment of different concepts and technologies of using polymer composites in structures generally used for highway safety. The structural systems included a highway barrier guardrail with its posts and bl...

Progress on the development of a master file of highway safety planning and evaluation data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration requires each state to submit an annual Highway Safety Plan as a prerequisite for obtaining federal section 402 safety monies. The Highway Safety Plan serves as more than a mechanism for obtaining fu...

Evaluating Performance of Highway Safety Projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

The purpose of this project was to investigate and document methods that the Idaho Transportation Department (ITD) and Local Highway Technical Assistance Council (LHTAC) can use to evaluate the performance of safety projects that have been implemente...

25 CFR 170.145 - Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.145 Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts? Yes. Tribes...

25 CFR 170.145 - Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.145 Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts? Yes. Tribes...

25 CFR 170.145 - Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.145 Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts? Yes. Tribes...

25 CFR 170.145 - Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.145 Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts? Yes. Tribes...

25 CFR 170.145 - Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.145 Are other funds available for a tribe's highway safety efforts? Yes. Tribes...

25 CFR 170.142 - How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.142 How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects? There are two...

25 CFR 170.142 - How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.142 How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects? There are two...

25 CFR 170.142 - How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.142 How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects? There are two...

25 CFR 170.142 - How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.142 How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects? There are two...

25 CFR 170.142 - How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.142 How can tribes obtain funds to perform highway safety projects? There are two...

Highway safety : effectiveness of state .08 blood alcohol laws

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

In 1997, someone in the United States died in an alcohol-related motor vehicle crash every 32 minutes. For years, the Congress and the states have grappled with and sought solutions to the problem of drunk driving. Most states have laws making it ill...

25 CFR 170.143 - How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? 170... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.143 How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? A tribe, tribal organization, tribal...

25 CFR 170.143 - How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? 170... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.143 How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? A tribe, tribal organization, tribal...

25 CFR 170.143 - How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? 170... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.143 How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? A tribe, tribal organization, tribal...

25 CFR 170.143 - How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.143 How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? A tribe, tribal organization, tribal... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? 170...

25 CFR 170.143 - How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.143 How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? A tribe, tribal organization, tribal... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How can IRR Program funds be used for highway safety? 170...

A mathematical modeling approach to resource allocation for railroad-highway crossing safety upgrades.

PubMed

Konur, Dinçer; Golias, Mihalis M; Darks, Brandon

2013-03-01

State Departments of Transportation (S-DOT's) periodically allocate budget for safety upgrades at railroad-highway crossings. Efficient resource allocation is crucial for reducing accidents at railroad-highway crossings and increasing railroad as well as highway transportation safety. While a specific method is not restricted to S-DOT's, sorting type of procedures are recommended by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), United States Department of Transportation for the resource allocation problem. In this study, a generic mathematical model is proposed for the resource allocation problem for railroad-highway crossing safety upgrades. The proposed approach is compared to sorting based methods for safety upgrades of public at-grade railroad-highway crossings in Tennessee. The comparison shows that the proposed mathematical modeling approach is more efficient than sorting methods in reducing accidents and severity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development of a master file of essential highway safety planning and evaluation data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration requires each state to file an Annual Highway Safety Work Program as a prerequisite for obtaining federal section 402 safety monies. However, the work program serves as more than a mechanism for obta...

Innovative tools and techniques in identifying highway safety improvement projects : technical report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-08-01

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) aims to achieve a reduction in the number and severity of fatalities and serious injury crashes on all public roads by implementing highway safety improvement projects. Although the structure and main com...

Consideration of driver home county prohibition and alcohol-related vehicle crashes.

PubMed

Schulte Gary, Sarah Lynn; Aultman-Hall, Lisa; McCourt, Matt; Stamatiadis, Nick

2003-09-01

This study examines the characteristics of alcohol-related crashes in wet versus dry counties in the state of Kentucky, USA and incorporates the location of driver residences through use of geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Between 1991 and 1997, 39344 alcohol-related crashes by Kentucky residents on Kentucky State roads were reported. The location of the crash and the home ZIP code from the driver's address were used to consider distance from home in the GIS. Analysis of the crash data revealed that a similar proportion of crashes in wet and dry counties are alcohol-related but that a higher proportion of dry counties residents are involved in an alcohol-related crash. However, when the distance from home variable is considered, several results suggest that dry county residents may be driving further when consuming alcohol. In part due to the rural nature of dry counties, drivers from dry counties have both alcohol-related and non-alcohol related crashes farther from their homes than residents from wet counties. Alcohol-related crashes by dry county residents in wet counties are the greatest average distance from home while crashes by wet county residents in wet counties are the smallest average distance. Drivers from dry counties over 21 years of age have alcohol-related crashes significantly farther from home than those under 21 who would not legally be admitted to drinking establishments in the wet counties. Furthermore, residents from dry counties that do not border wet counties have alcohol-related crashes on average farther from home than the border county residents. These last three results provide circumstantial evidence that some dry county drivers may be driving to wet counties to consume alcohol thus increasing impaired driving exposure. In conclusion, by considering crash location and driver residence, these findings indicate that county-level prohibition is not necessarily effective in improving highway safety.

Automated enforcement and highway safety : [tech summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

The Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC) funded the Automated Enforcement and Highway Safety project to evaluate : the advantages and disadvantages of automated enforcement at intersections, identify strategies to enhance public opinion re...

Drinking-driving attitudes : a comparison of the first two household surveys of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

This report provides an analysis of the community response to the public information countermeasure of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project, one thrust of a national effort to get the drunken driver off the highway. A series of in-depth househol...

Delaware highway safety annual report : FY 2009

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

The Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Evaluation Report reflects our major : accomplishments in impacting our priority areas, and highlights the : programming initiatives undertaken to increase public awareness about : highway safety. Throughout the coming yea...

Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project second year evaluation summary : a report prepared by the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council under the sponsorship of the Highway Safety Division of Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

The Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) was begun in January 1972 as one of thirty-five federally funded demonstration projects designed to implement and evaluate a comprehensive community alcohol countermeasures program. The Fairfax ASAP wa...

Drinking, driving, and crashing: a traffic-flow model of alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents.

PubMed

Gruenewald, Paul J; Johnson, Fred W

2010-03-01

This study examined the influence of on-premise alcohol-outlet densities and of drinking-driver densities on rates of alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes. A traffic-flow model is developed to represent geographic relationships between residential locations of drinking drivers, alcohol outlets, and alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes. Cross-sectional and time-series cross-sectional spatial analyses were performed using data collected from 144 geographic units over 4 years. Data were obtained from archival and survey sources in six communities. Archival data were obtained within community areas and measured activities of either the resident population or persons visiting these communities. These data included local and highway traffic flow, locations of alcohol outlets, population density, network density of the local roadway system, and single-vehicle nighttime (SVN) crashes. Telephone-survey data obtained from residents of the communities were used to estimate the size of the resident drinking and driving population. Cross-sectional analyses showed that effects relating on-premise densities to alcohol-related crashes were moderated by highway trafficflow. Depending on levels of highway traffic flow, 10% greater densities were related to 0% to 150% greater rates of SVN crashes. Time-series cross-sectional analyses showed that changes in the population pool of drinking drivers and on-premise densities interacted to increase SVN crash rates. A simple traffic-flow model can assess the effects of on-premise alcohol-outlet densities and of drinking-driver densities as they vary across communities to produce alcohol-related crashes. Analyses based on these models can usefully guide policy decisions on the sitting of on-premise alcohol outlets.

Evaluation of the safety performance of highway alignments based on fault tree analysis and safety boundaries.

PubMed

Chen, Yikai; Wang, Kai; Xu, Chengcheng; Shi, Qin; He, Jie; Li, Peiqing; Shi, Ting

2018-05-19

To overcome the limitations of previous highway alignment safety evaluation methods, this article presents a highway alignment safety evaluation method based on fault tree analysis (FTA) and the characteristics of vehicle safety boundaries, within the framework of dynamic modeling of the driver-vehicle-road system. Approaches for categorizing the vehicle failure modes while driving on highways and the corresponding safety boundaries were comprehensively investigated based on vehicle system dynamics theory. Then, an overall crash probability model was formulated based on FTA considering the risks of 3 failure modes: losing steering capability, losing track-holding capability, and rear-end collision. The proposed method was implemented on a highway segment between Bengbu and Nanjing in China. A driver-vehicle-road multibody dynamics model was developed based on the 3D alignments of the Bengbu to Nanjing section of Ning-Luo expressway using Carsim, and the dynamics indices, such as sideslip angle and, yaw rate were obtained. Then, the average crash probability of each road section was calculated with a fixed-length method. Finally, the average crash probability was validated against the crash frequency per kilometer to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results of the regression analysis and correlation analysis indicated good consistency between the results of the safety evaluation and the crash data and that it outperformed the safety evaluation methods used in previous studies. The proposed method has the potential to be used in practical engineering applications to identify crash-prone locations and alignment deficiencies on highways in the planning and design phases, as well as those in service.

Transportation Safety Data and Analysis : volume 3 framework for highway safety mitigation and workforce development.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

Safety has always been an important component in the planning, design, and operation of highways. In an effort : to reduce crashes occurring on highway facilities, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation : Equity Act - A Legacy ...

Transportation safety data and analysis : Volume 3, Framework for highway safety mitigation and workforce development.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

Safety has always been an important component in the planning, design, and operation of highways. In an effort : to reduce crashes occurring on highway facilities, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation : Equity Act - A Legacy ...

Alcohol abuse and traffic safety : a study of fatalities, DWI offenders, alcoholics, and court-related treatment approaches

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1970-06-26

Author's abstract: Methodology and conclusions on the role of the abusive use of alcohol in traffic safety were developed through three related projects. Project I is a case-history investigation of 616 traffic fatalities from metropolitan Wayne Coun...

Background report guidance for roadway safety data to support the highway safety improvement program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

"Quality data are the foundation for making important decisions regarding the design, operation, and safety of : roadways. The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) provides information on how safety data should be : used. However, there are no d...

Enlisting health departments in highway safety programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-02-01

Author's abstract: This report documents the manner and degree of health agency involvement in motor vehicle injury prevention activities. It describes not only the existing cooperative activities between state highway safety and health agencies, but...

Two-lane rural highways safety performance functions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

This report documents findings from a comprehensive set of safety performance functions developed for the entire : state two-lane rural highway system in Washington. The findings indicate that random parameter models and : heterogeneous negative bino...

A feasibility study for Arizona's roadway safety management process using the Highway Safety Manual and SafetyAnalyst : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-07-01

To enable implementation of the American Association of State Highway Transportation (AASHTO) Highway Safety Manual using : SaftetyAnalyst (an AASHTOWare software product), the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) studied the data assessment :...

Fact book : statistical information on highway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-06-01

The Congress has charged the Department of Transportation with the task of achieving a reduction in traffic accidents and their resulting deaths and injuries. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is the Departmental agency which...

Problem identification for Virginia's highway safety plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-01-01

Problem identification is recognized as an important component of highway safety planning. Under the NHTSA/FHWA concept, problem identification is the first step in program planning and in the development of effective countermeasure programs. The ann...

Open container laws and alcohol involved crashes : some preliminary data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-04-01

This report presents the results of a study conducted for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to assess the highway safety effects of laws that prohibit open containers of alcoholic beverages to be located in the passenger comp...

Active transportation: do current traffic safety policies protect non-motorists?

PubMed

Mader, Emily M; Zick, Cathleen D

2014-06-01

This study investigated the impact that state traffic safety regulations have on non-motorist fatality rates. Data obtained from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) were analyzed through a pooled time series cross-sectional model using fixed effects regression for all 50 states from 1999 to 2009. Two dependent variables were used in separate models measuring annual state non-motorist fatalities per million population, and the natural log of state non-motorist fatalities. Independent variables measuring traffic policies included state expenditures for highway law enforcement and safety per capita; driver cell phone use regulations; graduated driver license regulations; driver blood alcohol concentration regulations; bike helmet regulations; and seat belt regulations. Other control variables included percent of all vehicle miles driven that are urban and mean per capita alcohol consumption per year. Non-motorist traffic safety was positively impacted by state highway law enforcement and safety expenditures per capita, with a decrease in non-motorist fatalities occurring with increased spending. Per capita consumption of alcohol also influenced non-motorist fatalities, with higher non-motorist fatalities occurring with higher per capita consumption of alcohol. Other traffic safety covariates did not appear to have a significant impact on non-motorist fatality rates in the models. Our research suggests that increased expenditures on state highway and traffic safety and the initiation/expansion of programs targeted at curbing both driver and non-motorist intoxication are a starting point for the implementation of traffic safety policies that reduce risks for non-motorists. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applying the highway safety manual to Georgia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-08-01

This report examines the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) from the perspective of applying its : methods and approaches within the state of Georgia. The work presented here focuses : specifically on data requirements and methods that may be of particular ...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 9: Identification and Surveillance of Accident Locations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 9 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) focuses on identification and surveillance of accident locations. The purpose of the program, its specific objectives, and its relationship with other programs are explored. Federal authority in the…

Alcohol and highway safety 2001 : a review of the state of knowledge

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-11-01

Examines the state of knowledge of alcohol-impaired driving at the millennium. The review covers the entire spectrum of related research, from the nature of the societal problem created by alcohol-impaired driving on through the description and effec...

Private highway-rail grade crossing safety research and inquiry

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

This report provides a summary of the private highway-rail grade crossing safety inquiry conducted by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration and the Volpe Center. The safety inquiry consisted of a series of pub...

Trends in drinking-driving at night : a comparison of the four roadside surveys of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-01-01

As part of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP), staff members of the Virginia. Highway and Transportation Research Council, acting in their role as evaluators of the project, have conducted four nighttime roadside surveys in Fairfax, Vir...

Development and evaluation of Virginia's highway safety corridor program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

On July 1, 2003, legislation went into effect that established a highway safety corridor (HSC) program for Virginia. The intent of the HSC program is to address safety concerns through a combination of law enforcement, education, and engineering coun...

Developing a Highway Safety Fundamentals Course : Research Project Capsule

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

Although the need for road : safety education was fi rst : recognized in the 1960s, : recently it has become an : increasingly urgent issue. To : fulfi ll the hefty goal set up by : the AASHTO Highway : Safety Strategy (cutting : traffi c fatalities ...

Improved guidelines for estimating the Highway safety manual calibration factors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

Crash prediction models can be used to predict the number of crashes and evaluate roadway safety. Part C of the first edition of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides safety performance functions (SPFs). The HSM addendum that includes freeway and ...

49 CFR 199.237 - Other alcohol-related conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other alcohol-related conduct. 199.237 Section 199... MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING Alcohol Misuse Prevention Program § 199.237 Other alcohol-related conduct. (a) No operator shall...

49 CFR 199.237 - Other alcohol-related conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Other alcohol-related conduct. 199.237 Section 199... MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING Alcohol Misuse Prevention Program § 199.237 Other alcohol-related conduct. (a) No operator shall...

West Virginia peer exchange : streamlining highway safety improvement program project delivery.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-01-01

The West Virginia Division of Highways (WV DOH) hosted a Peer Exchange to share information and experiences : for streamlining Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) project delivery. The event was held September : 22 to 23, 2014 in Charleston, We...

Efficacies of roadway safety improvements across functional subclasses of rural two-lane highways.

PubMed

Labi, Samuel

2011-08-01

Highway crash occurrence is a leading cause of unnatural deaths, and highway agencies continually seek to identify engineering measures to reduce crashes and to assess the efficacy of such measures. Most past studies on the effectiveness of roadway improvements in terms of crash reduction considered all rural two-lane sections as a single category of roads. However, it may be hypothesized that the differences in the mobility and accessibility characteristics that are reflected in (and due to) the different design standards between different functional subclasses in the rural two-lane highway system can lead to differences in efficacies of safety improvements at these subclasses. This paper investigates the efficacy of roadway improvements, in terms of crash reduction, at the various subclasses of rural two-lane highways. An empirical analysis of safety performance at each of the three subclasses of rural two-lane highways was carried out using the negative binomial modeling technique. For each subclass, crash prediction models were developed separately for the three levels of crash severity: property-damage only, injury, and fatal/injury. The crash factors that were considered include lane width, shoulder width, pavement surface friction, pavement condition, and horizontal and vertical alignments. After having developed the safety performance functions, the effectiveness (in terms of the extent of crash reduction, for different levels of crash severity) of highway safety enhancements at each highway subclass were determined using the theoretical concepts established in past literature. These enhancements include widening lanes, widening shoulders, enhancing pavement surface friction, and improving the vertical or horizontal alignment. The study found that there is empirical evidence to justify the decomposition of the family of rural two-lane roads into its constituent subclasses for purposes of analyzing the effectiveness of safety enhancement projects and thus to

Safety effects of horizontal curve and grade combinations on rural two-lane highways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

This report summarizes the results of research undertaken to quantify the safety effects of five types of horizontal and vertical alignment combinations for rural two-lane highways. The research is based on Federal Highway Administration Highway Safe...

Results of the 2013–2014 national roadside survey of alcohol and drug use by drivers : traffic safety facts : research note.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

In 20132014, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conducted the most recent National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers.1 This voluntary and anonymous study is the second to collect data on drug use, presenting our fi...

Implementation of GIS-based highway safety analyses : bridging the gap

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

In recent years, efforts have been made to expand the analytical features of the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities. The original version of the GIS Safety Analysis Tools was relea...

Traffic records needs of the Highway Safety Division in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-01-01

This study was conducted for the Highway Safety Division of Virginia in cooperation with the Traffic Records Information System Project initiated by the Governor's Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety, Wayne A. Whitham. The objective is the ...

Calibration of the highway safety manual for Missouri.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

The new Highway Safety Manual (HSM) contains predictive models that need to be calibrated to local conditions. This : calibration process requires detailed data types, such as crash frequencies, traffic volumes, geometrics, and land-use. The : HSM do...

Estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes : new alcohol methodology

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has adopted a new method to : estimate missing blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test result data. This new method, multiple : imputation, will be used by NHTSAs National Center for Statis...

Quantifying Safety Performance of Driveways on State Highways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report documents a research effort to quantify the safety performance of driveways in the State of Oregon. In : particular, this research effort focuses on driveways located adjacent to principal arterial state highways with urban or : rural des...

25 CFR 170.141 - What Federal funds are available for a tribe's highway safety activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... safety activities? 170.141 Section 170.141 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.141 What Federal funds are available for a tribe's highway safety...

25 CFR 170.141 - What Federal funds are available for a tribe's highway safety activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... safety activities? 170.141 Section 170.141 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.141 What Federal funds are available for a tribe's highway safety...

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Traffic Safety Plan for Older Persons

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-03-01

This 1993 research serves as a follow-up to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration plan in 1988 that indicates that older drivers are overrepresented in crashes at intersections and during certain hours of the day, that they are underrepr...

Breakthroughs in Vision and Visibility for Highway Safety: Workshop Summary Report, August 13-14, 2014

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

On August 1314, 2014, at the TurnerFairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia, the Federal Highway Administrations (FHWAs) Office of Safety Research and Development and the Office of Safety, with support from the Exploratory Adv...

Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual and development of new safety performance functions for rural multilane highways in Kansas : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-01

Rural roads account for 90.3% of the 140,476 total centerline miles of roadways : in Kansas. In recent years, rural fatal crashes have accounted for about 66% : of all fatal crashes. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides models and : methodologies...

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1995 customer satisfaction survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) conducted a national Customer Satisfaction Survey in response to the requirements of the National Performance Review and Executive Order 12862. An independent research organization, Schulman,...

Calibration of the highway safety manual and development of new safety performance functions for rural multilane highways in Kansas : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-01

Rural roads account for 90.3% of the 140,476 total centerline miles of roadways in Kansas. In recent years, rural fatal crashes have accounted for about 66% of all fatal crashes. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides models and methodologies for a...

Digest of state alcohol-highway safety related legislation : current as of January 1, 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This Digest reports the status of State laws that are concerned with drunk driving offenses and alcoholic beverage control. Unless otherwise indicated, the status of the laws reported is January 1, 1997.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration : 1997 customer satisfaction survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-03-13

In 1995, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) conducted its first Customer Satisfaction Survey in response to the requirements of the National Performance Review and Executive Order 12862. An independent research organization, S...

Validation and application of highway safety manual (part D) in Florida.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) Part D provides a comprehensive list of the effects of safety : treatments (countermeasures). These effects are quantified by crash modification factors (CMF), which are based : on compilation from past studies of the ...

Investigation of the impact of large trucks on interstate highway safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-02-01

This study concentrated on the impact of large trucks on interstate highway safety. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of trucks on interstate travel and offer recommendations for improving safety. The procedure involved revi...

78 FR 7336 - Safety Zone; Alaska Marine Highway System Port Valdez Ferry Terminal, Port Valdez; Valdez, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-01

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Alaska Marine Highway System Port Valdez Ferry Terminal, Port Valdez; Valdez, AK... Alaska Marine Highway System (AMHS) Port Valdez Ferry Terminal. The purpose of the safety zone is to... Security Delegation No. 0170.1. A representative of the Alaska Marine Highway System requested that the...

Highway safety corridors : national experiences and a possible framework for Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

On March 22, 2003, Governor Mark Warner approved Senate Bill 1093 (SB 1093). SB1093 establishes a highway safety corridor (HSC) program for the Commonwealth. The program will attempt to address safety concerns through a combination of law enforcement...

Case-control analysis in highway safety: Accounting for sites with multiple crashes.

PubMed

Gross, Frank

2013-12-01

There is an increased interest in the use of epidemiological methods in highway safety analysis. The case-control and cohort methods are commonly used in the epidemiological field to identify risk factors and quantify the risk or odds of disease given certain characteristics and factors related to an individual. This same concept can be applied to highway safety where the entity of interest is a roadway segment or intersection (rather than a person) and the risk factors of interest are the operational and geometric characteristics of a given roadway. One criticism of the use of these methods in highway safety is that they have not accounted for the difference between sites with single and multiple crashes. In the medical field, a disease either occurs or it does not; multiple occurrences are generally not an issue. In the highway safety field, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of a given site while accounting for multiple crashes. Otherwise, the analysis may underestimate the safety effects of a given factor. This paper explores the use of the case-control method in highway safety and two variations to account for sites with multiple crashes. Specifically, the paper presents two alternative methods for defining cases in a case-control study and compares the results in a case study. The first alternative defines a separate case for each crash in a given study period, thereby increasing the weight of the associated roadway characteristics in the analysis. The second alternative defines entire crash categories as cases (sites with one crash, sites with two crashes, etc.) and analyzes each group separately in comparison to sites with no crashes. The results are also compared to a "typical" case-control application, where the cases are simply defined as any entity that experiences at least one crash and controls are those entities without a crash in a given period. In a "typical" case-control design, the attributes associated with single-crash segments are weighted

Project #10404 - Scoping Study for Implementation of the Highway Safety Manual in Alabama

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report outlines a cost-effective and thoughtful way to implement the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) in Alabama. The HSM was published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and it was prepared by the Transportati...

Impaired Driving Enforcement: A Program Guide for Law Enforcement and Highway Safety Administrators

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-06-01

Law enforcement and highway safety administrators are an integral part of the solution to reduce injury and death on our roadways caused by impaired drivers. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the National Highway Traffic Sa...

25 CFR 170.144 - What are eligible highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions...) Pedestrian paths/sidewalks and bus shelters; (d) Installation and replacement of signs when designated as, or...

25 CFR 170.144 - What are eligible highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions...) Pedestrian paths/sidewalks and bus shelters; (d) Installation and replacement of signs when designated as, or...

25 CFR 170.144 - What are eligible highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions...) Pedestrian paths/sidewalks and bus shelters; (d) Installation and replacement of signs when designated as, or...

Montana Highway Safety Improvement Program : an RSPCB Peer Excahnge

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

This report provides a summary of a peer-to-peer (P2P) videoconference sponsored by the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety. The videoconference format provided a low-cost opportun...

Continuous Evaluation Of In-Service Highway Safety Feature Performance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-09-01

This report documents the research effort, findings, conclusions, and recommendations of a study to develop a program for the continuous in-service evaluation of highway safety features. The study consisted of two phases and eight tasks. An in-servic...

Improve safety of workers during highway construction and maintenance.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-06-01

This study will focus on highway construction worker safety. Most all statistical data gathered will be from Kentucky construction workers, although the study is not limited by this. Studies of this nature have been completed previously, but most stu...

Transportation safety data and analysis : Volume 2, Calibration of the highway safety manual and development of new safety performance functions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-01

This report documents the calibration of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) safety performance function (SPF) : for rural two-lane two-way roadway segments in Utah and the development of new models using negative : binomial and hierarchical Bayesian mod...

The impact of radar detectors on highway traffic safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-08-01

As part of a program to examine the relationship between highway traffic safety and the use of radar detectors, comparisons were made between speed distributions when a detectable radar transmission was present and when it was not. The impact of dete...

25 CFR 170.144 - What are eligible highway safety projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Highway Safety Functions § 170.144... paths/sidewalks and bus shelters; (d) Installation and replacement of signs when designated as, or made...

Highway Safety Manual applied in Missouri - freeway/software : research summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-03-01

AASHTOs Highway Safety Manual (HSM) : includes models for freeway segments, speedchange : lanes (transitional area between mainline : and ramps), ramps, and interchange terminals. : These predictive models for freeway : interchanges need to be cal...

Alcohol, drugs, and driving

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-03-01

An invitational symposium was held October 13-15, 1972, at a remote Vermont inn and was attended by 35 research and/or administrative specialists in alcohol, drugs and/or highway safety. The basic purpose was publication of the proceedings to incorpo...

Highway-rail intersection crash taxonomy for connected vehicle safety research

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-05-01

This report characterizes the frequency, severity, and costs of highway-rail intersection (HRI) collisions, and the estimated potential reductions in these metrics resulting from the implementation of Connected Vehicle HRI safety applications. Multip...

Improving passing lane safety and efficiency for Alaska's rural non-divided highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

A series of experiments using a fixed-base driving simulator were conducted to examine the potential safety and operational : benefits of several highway safety interventions for reducing collision risk. Our approach sought to go beyond typical mitig...

Private highway-rail grade crossing safety research and inquiry. Volume 2 : appendices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

This report provides a summary of the private highway-rail grade crossing safety inquiry conducted by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration and the Volpe Center. The safety inquiry consisted of a series of pub...

Finite mixture modeling approach for developing crash modification factors in highway safety analysis.

PubMed

Park, Byung-Jung; Lord, Dominique; Wu, Lingtao

2016-10-28

This study aimed to investigate the relative performance of two models (negative binomial (NB) model and two-component finite mixture of negative binomial models (FMNB-2)) in terms of developing crash modification factors (CMFs). Crash data on rural multilane divided highways in California and Texas were modeled with the two models, and crash modification functions (CMFunctions) were derived. The resultant CMFunction estimated from the FMNB-2 model showed several good properties over that from the NB model. First, the safety effect of a covariate was better reflected by the CMFunction developed using the FMNB-2 model, since the model takes into account the differential responsiveness of crash frequency to the covariate. Second, the CMFunction derived from the FMNB-2 model is able to capture nonlinear relationships between covariate and safety. Finally, following the same concept as those for NB models, the combined CMFs of multiple treatments were estimated using the FMNB-2 model. The results indicated that they are not the simple multiplicative of single ones (i.e., their safety effects are not independent under FMNB-2 models). Adjustment Factors (AFs) were then developed. It is revealed that current Highway Safety Manual's method could over- or under-estimate the combined CMFs under particular combination of covariates. Safety analysts are encouraged to consider using the FMNB-2 models for developing CMFs and AFs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alcohol ignition interlock service support

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1992-12-01

Author's abstract: This Technical Report was produced under Contract No. DTNH22-89-C-07009 for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Under that same contract, a draft set of model specifications for Breath Alcohol Ignition Interlock Dev...

78 FR 71715 - Amendments to Highway Safety Program Guidelines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... promulgate uniform guidelines for State highway safety programs. This notice revises five of the existing... successful and are based on sound science and program administration. The revised guidelines are Guideline No... become effective as of the date of publication of this document in the Federal Register. FOR FURTHER...

2010 highway safety manual lead states peer-to-peer workshop.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) and the Illinois Center for Transportation (ICT) sponsored and hosted the : 2010 Highway Safety Manual (HSM) Lead State Peer-to-Peer Workshop November 1718, 2010, at the IDOT District 1 : Office in ...

The public favors a strong government role in highway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-08-01

This Traffic Tech summarizes the findings of a recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) customer satisfaction survey. In November and December of 1995, about 4,000 randomly selected persons aged 16 and older from across the natio...

Off-Highway Transportation-Related Fuel Use

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Davis, S.C.

2004-05-08

The transportation sector includes many subcategories--for example, on-highway, off-highway, and non-highway. Use of fuel for off-highway purposes is not well documented, nor is the number of off-highway vehicles. The number of and fuel usage for on-highway and aviation, marine, and rail categories are much better documented than for off-highway land-based use. Several sources document off-highway fuel use under specific conditions--such as use by application (e.g., recreation) or by fuel type (e.g., gasoline). There is, however, no single source that documents the total fuel used off-highway and the number of vehicles that use the fuel. This report estimates the fuel usagemore » and number of vehicles/equipment for the off-highway category. No new data have been collected nor new models developed to estimate the off-highway data--this study is limited in scope to using data that already exist. In this report, unless they are being quoted from a source that uses different terminology, the terms are used as listed below. (1) ''On-highway/on-road'' includes land-based transport used on the highway system or other paved roadways. (2) ''Off-highway/off-road'' includes land-based transport not using the highway system or other paved roadways. (3) ''Non-highway/non-road'' includes other modes not traveling on highways such as aviation, marine, and rail. It should be noted that the term ''transportation'' as used in this study is not typical. Generally, ''transportation'' is understood to mean the movement of people or goods from one point to another. Some of the off-highway equipment included in this study doesn't transport either people or goods, but it has utility in movement (e.g., a forklift or a lawn mower). Along these lines, a chain saw also has utility in movement, but it cannot transport itself (i.e., it must be carried) because it does not have wheels. Therefore, to estimate the transportation-related fuel used off-highway, transportation equipment is defined

Statistical evaluation of blood alcohol measurements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-10-01

The U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has instituted a voluntary program to evaluate the proficiency of laboratories measuring the amount of alcohol in blood. In this report, data from that prog...

Updating Rhode Island’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) : an RSPCB Peer Exchange

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-03-01

In January 2012, Rhode Island kicked off its Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) update with a leadership committee meeting where key safety stakeholders presented an overview of Rhode Islands accomplishments since initial SHSP approval in 2007. ...

Multivariate dynamic Tobit models with lagged observed dependent variables: An effectiveness analysis of highway safety laws.

PubMed

Dong, Chunjiao; Xie, Kun; Zeng, Jin; Li, Xia

2018-04-01

Highway safety laws aim to influence driver behaviors so as to reduce the frequency and severity of crashes, and their outcomes. For one specific highway safety law, it would have different effects on the crashes across severities. Understanding such effects can help policy makers upgrade current laws and hence improve traffic safety. To investigate the effects of highway safety laws on crashes across severities, multivariate models are needed to account for the interdependency issues in crash counts across severities. Based on the characteristics of the dependent variables, multivariate dynamic Tobit (MVDT) models are proposed to analyze crash counts that are aggregated at the state level. Lagged observed dependent variables are incorporated into the MVDT models to account for potential temporal correlation issues in crash data. The state highway safety law related factors are used as the explanatory variables and socio-demographic and traffic factors are used as the control variables. Three models, a MVDT model with lagged observed dependent variables, a MVDT model with unobserved random variables, and a multivariate static Tobit (MVST) model are developed and compared. The results show that among the investigated models, the MVDT models with lagged observed dependent variables have the best goodness-of-fit. The findings indicate that, compared to the MVST, the MVDT models have better explanatory power and prediction accuracy. The MVDT model with lagged observed variables can better handle the stochasticity and dependency in the temporal evolution of the crash counts and the estimated values from the model are closer to the observed values. The results show that more lives could be saved if law enforcement agencies can make a sustained effort to educate the public about the importance of motorcyclists wearing helmets. Motor vehicle crash-related deaths, injuries, and property damages could be reduced if states enact laws for stricter text messaging rules, higher

Landscaping of highway medians and roadway safety at unsignalized intersections.

PubMed

Chen, Hongyun; Fabregas, Aldo; Lin, Pei-Sung

2016-05-01

Well-planted and maintained landscaping can help reduce driving stress, provide better visual quality, and decrease over speeding, thus improving roadway safety. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Standard Index (SI-546) is one of the more demanding standards in the U.S. for landscaping design criteria at highway medians near intersections. The purposes of this study were to (1) empirically evaluate the safety results of SI-546 at unsignalized intersections and (2) quantify the impacts of geometrics, traffic, and landscaping design features on total crashes and injury plus fatal crashes. The studied unsignalized intersections were divided into (1) those without median trees near intersections, (2) those with median trees near intersections that were compliant with SI-546, and (3) those with median trees near intersections that were non-compliant with SI-546. A total of 72 intersections were selected, for which five-year crash data from 2006-2010 were collected. The sites that were compliant with SI-546 showed the best safety performance in terms of the lowest crash counts and crash rates. Four crash predictive models-two for total crashes and two for injury crashes-were developed. The results indicated that improperly planted and maintained median trees near highway intersections can increase the total number of crashes and injury plus fatal crashes at a 90% confidence level; no significant difference could be found in crash rates between sites that were compliant with SI-546 and sites without trees. All other conditions remaining the same, an intersection with trees that was not compliant with SI-546 had 63% more crashes and almost doubled injury plus fatal crashes than those at intersections without trees. The study indicates that appropriate landscaping in highway medians near intersections can be an engineering technology that not only improves roadway environmental quality but also maintains intersection safety. Copyright © 2016. Published by

West Virginia Peer Exchange : Streamlining Highway Safety Improvement Program Project Delivery - An RSPCB Peer Exchange

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

The West Virginia Division of Highways (WV DOH) hosted a Peer Exchange to share information and experiences for streamlining Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) project delivery. The event was held September 23 to 24, 2014 in Charleston, West V...

Development and calibration of highway safety manual equations for Florida conditions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-31

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides statistically-valid analytical tools and techniques for : quantifying the potential effects on crashes as a result of decisions made in planning, design, : operations, and maintenance. Implementation of the ne...

Drug research methodology. Volume 5, Experimentation in drugs and highway safety : the study of drug effects on skills related to driving

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-06-01

This report presents the findings of a workshop on experimental research in the area of drugs and highway safety. Complementing studies of drug use in different driving populations, experimentation here refers to studies performed under controlled co...

Development and Calibration of Highway Safety Manual Equations for Florida Conditions

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-31

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides statistically-valid analytical tools and techniques for quantifying the potential effects on crashes as a result of decisions made in planning, design, operations, and maintenance. Implementation of the new te...

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) must set Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for light trucks. This was authorized by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, which added Title V: Imporving Automotive Fuel Effici...

Briefing sheets on safety and operations of rural two-lane highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

The safety and operations of Texas rural two-lane highways are being affected by increased traffic associated : with the energy sector, including the unique characteristics of heavy trucks. Researchers reviewed existing : conditions on select rural t...

Prediction Of The Expected Safety Performance Of Rural Two-Lane Highways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-12-01

This report presents an algorithm for predicting the safety performance of a rural two-lane highway. The accident prediction algorithm consists of base models and accident modification factors for both roadway segments and at-grade intersections on r...

Highway safety needs of U.S. Hispanic communities : issues and strategies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-09-01

Growing diversity within the U.S. population is presenting new challenges to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and other agencies that serve the public. One of the fastest growing demographic groups is the Hispanic population. The te...

Highway Safety Needs of U.S. Hispanic Communities: Issues and Strategies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-09-01

Growing diversity within the U.S. population is presenting new challenges to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and other agencies that serve the public. One of the fastest growing demographic groups is the Hispanic population. The te...

The Feasibility of Establishing Highway Safety Manpower Development and Research Centers at University-Level Institutions. Final Report, Volume I: Study Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chorness, Maury H.; And Others

To examine the feasibility of establishing Highway Safety Manpower Development and Research (HSMDR) Centers at university-level institutions which would produce three types of manpower--safety specialists, safety professionals, and research manpower, previous National Highway Safety Bureau research studies and approximately 50 federally funded…

Preparing for the update of New Hampshire’s strategic highway safety plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-01-01

NHDOTs objectives in requesting the peer exchange were to: Build a sustainable SHSP by energizing existing and developing cooperative partnerships among highway safety stakeholders; Strengthen the goals, strategies, and performance trackin...

Highway safety data : costs, quality, and strategies for improvement, final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

The goal of this project was to analyze the collection and management of highway safety data by identifying issues and costs, and proposing means of resolving those issues and reducing the costs. Initial emphasis addressed known elements of the highw...

Highway Safety Data : costs, quality, and strategies for improvement : research report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

The goal of this project was to analyze the collection and management of highway safety data by identifying issues and costs, and proposing means of resolving those issues and reducing the costs. Initial emphasis addressed known elements of the highw...

Use of controlled substances and highway safety : a report to Congress

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-03-01

This report reviews what is currently known about the relationship of drug use to highway safety. While much remains to be learned, we have made considerable progress in the last several decades in understanding the effects of drugs on driver behavio...

Highway Repair: A New Silicosis Threat

PubMed Central

Valiante, David J.; Schill, Donald P.; Rosenman, Kenneth D.; Socie, Edward

2004-01-01

Objectives. We describe an emerging public health concern regarding silicosis in the fast-growing highway repair industry. Methods. We examined highway construction trends, silicosis surveillance case data, and environmental exposure data to evaluate the risk of silicosis among highway repair workers. We reviewed silicosis case data from the construction industry in 3 states that have silicosis registries, and we conducted environmental monitoring for silica at highway repair work sites. Results. Our findings indicate that a large population of highway workers is at risk of developing silicosis from exposure to crystalline silica. Conclusions. Exposure control methods, medical screenings, protective health standards, and safety-related contract language are necessary for preventing future occupational disease problems among highway repair workers. PMID:15117715

Peer Review Of The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Program, Workshop Proceedings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-11

THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION PREPARED AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM PLAN AS PART OF THE EARLY PLANNING FOR THE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS) WORK WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. COMMERCIALIZATI...

An investigation of safety problems at skewed rail-highway grade crossings.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

Skewed rail-highway grade crossings can be a safety problem because of the restrictions which the angle of crossing may place upon a motorist's ability to detect an oncoming train and because of the potential roadway hazard which the use of flangeway...

78 FR 53497 - Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grant Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-29

...., Eastern Time, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Whichever way you submit your comments... holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Barbara Sauers, Program Manager, National Highway Traffic Safety... Columbia, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

Impact of edge lines on safety of rural two-lane highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-10-01

This report documents the results of the project for Impact of Edge Lines on Safety of Rural Two Lane Highways. This research project was initiated in the effort of compliance with the updated version of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control De...

A National Estimate of Performance: Statewide Highway Safety Program Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

A nationwide systematic approach to assess the developments and achievements of highway safety activities was conducted to measure program outputs from 1969 through 1974 using key indicators of performance such as ratios and percentages. A sample of 10 states was selected with overall sample of 105 local jurisdictions which would provide estimated…

The moderating role of implicit alcohol-related cognitions in hazardous alcohol use

PubMed Central

Cavanagh, Lucia; Obasi, Ezemenari M.

2015-01-01

The present study applied the Go/No-Go Association Test (GNAT; Nosek & Banaji, 2001) to measure alcohol-related implicit cognitions. Additionally, it assessed the role of implicit cognitions as a potential moderator in the relationship between explicit predictors of alcohol use and hazardous drinking behavior. University undergraduate students (N = 214) completed self-report questionnaires assessing reasons for drinking and reported alcohol use. Participants also completed two GNATs assessing implicit-alcohol-related cognitions associated with attitude (good-bad) and perceived safety (safe-dangerous). As expected, participants held implicit appraisals of alcohol as ‘‘bad’’ and ‘‘dangerous’’ in the context of nonalcoholic drinks, and as ‘‘good’’ and ‘‘safe’’ in the context of licit and illicit drugs. Implicit alcohol-related cognitions moderated the relationship between drinking to cope with negative affect and hazardous drinking and drinking due to cues or craving and hazardous drinking. These findings highlight the multidimensional nature of implicit cognitions and the role of negative implicit alcohol-related associations in moderating relationships between explicit processes and subsequent alcohol use behaviors. PMID:26989352

Alcohol and prescription drug safety in older adults

PubMed Central

Zanjani, Faika; Hoogland, Aasha I; Downer, Brian G

2013-01-01

Background The objectives of this study were to investigate older adults’ knowledge of prescription drug safety and interactions with alcohol, and to identify pharmacists’ willingness to disseminate prescription drug safety information to older adults. Methods The convenience sample consisted of 48 older adults aged 54–89 years who were recruited from a local pharmacy and who completed surveys addressing their alcohol consumption, understanding of alcohol and prescription drug interactions, and willingness to change habits regarding alcohol consumption and prescription drugs. To address pharmacist willingness, 90 pharmacists from local pharmacies volunteered and answered questions regarding their willingness to convey prescription drug safety information to older adults. Results Older adults reported low knowledge of alcohol and prescription drug safety, with women tending to be slightly more knowledgeable. More importantly, those who drank in the previous few months were less willing to talk to family and friends about how alcohol can have harmful interactions with prescription drugs, or to be an advocate for safe alcohol and prescription drug use than those who had not had a drink recently. Pharmacists reported that they were willing to convey prescription drug safety information to older adults via a variety of formats, including displaying or distributing a flyer, and directly administering a brief intervention. Conclusion In this study, older adults were found to have inadequate knowledge of prescription drug safety and interactions with alcohol, but pharmacists who regularly come in contact with older adults indicated that they were ready and willing to talk to older adults about prescription drug safety. Future research should focus on interventions whereby pharmacists disseminate prescription drug safety information to older adults in order to improve healthy prescription drug and alcohol behavior and reduce medical and health costs associated with

Another look at the safety effects of horizontal curvature on rural two-lane highways.

PubMed

Saleem, Taha; Persaud, Bhagwant

2017-09-01

Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) are used to represent the effects on crashes of changes to highway design elements and are usually obtained from observational studies based on reported crashes. The design element of interest for this paper is horizontal curvature on rural 2-lane highways. The data for this study came from the Washington State database in the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS). Crash prediction models are developed for curve sections on rural 2-lane highway and the tangent sections up- and down-stream of the curve sections. Different negative binomial models were developed for segments on level grades (<3%), moderate grades (3-6%), and steep grades (>6%) to account for the confounding effects of gradient. The relationships between crashes at different traffic volumes and deflection angles are explored to illustrate how to get estimates of CMFs for increases in the minimum radius, considering the effect of increased tangent length for sharper curves, an effect that is overlooked in the Highway Safety Manual CMF, in addition to the effect of gradient. The results of that exploration indicated that even at different design speeds and deflection angles, the CMF estimates for incremental increases in radius lie within the same range, and that the crash reduction rate (CRR) is higher at segments on higher grades compared to the ones on lower grades. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Safety of Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings : Research Needs Workshop. Volume 2. Appendices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center hosted and conducted the Highway-Railroad Grade Crossing Safety Research Needs Workshop on April 10 - 13, 1995. Seventy-five delegates participated in the workshop and identified ninety-two (92...

78 FR 4985 - Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grant Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-23

... section. ADDRESSES: Written comments to NHTSA may be submitted using any one of the following methods... proposed information collection should be submitted to NHTSA through one of the preceding methods and a... expert panel from NHTSA, FHWA, FMCSA, State highway safety offices, academic and research organizations...

Highway crash rates and age-related driver limitations: Literature review and evaluation of data bases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, P.S.; Young, J.R.; Lu, An

1993-08-01

American society is undergoing a major demographic transformation that is resulting in a larger proportion of older individuals in the population. Moreover, recent travel surveys show that an increasing number of older individuals are licensed to drive and that they drive more than their same age cohort a decade ago. However, they continue to take shorter trips than younger drivers and they avoid driving during congested hours. This recent demographic transformation in our society, the graying of America, coupled with the increasing mobility of the older population impose a serious highway safety issue that cannot be overlooked. Some of themore » major concerns are the identification of ``high-risk`` older drivers and the establishment of licensing guidelines and procedures that are based on conclusive scientific evidence. Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s (ORNL) objectives in this project can be characterized by the following tasks: Review and evaluate the 1980 American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) licensing guidelines. Determine whether the license restriction recommended in the 1980 AAMVA and NHTSA guidelines was based on scientific evidence or on judgement of medical advisors. Identify in the scientific literature any medical conditions which are found to be highly associated with highway crashes, and which are not mentioned in the 1980 guidelines. Summarize States` current licensing practices for drivers with age-related physical and mental limitations. Identify potential data sources to establish conclusive evidence on age-related functional impairments and highway crashes.« less

Blowing Dust on Highway Safety: Characterizing and Modeling of Dust Emission Hot Spots in the Southern Plains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blackwell, J., III; Li, J. J.; Kandakji, T.; Collins, J. D., Jr.; Lee, J.; Gill, T. E.

2016-12-01

Blowing dust and highway safety have become increasingly prevalent problems concerning human safety and welfare. Two factors precipitate wind-blown dust accidents: sudden loss of visibility, and loss of traction due to soil particles on the road surface. The project, using remote sensing and in situ measurements of surface and subsurface characteristics, will identify the location of dust emission "hotspots" and associated geomorphic features within the southwest region and panhandle (New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma), measure the threshold shear velocity and vegetative cover and model the results. The results of this study will provide critical information for land managers, policy makers, and highway authorities when making timely and informed potentially life-saving decisions and modifications here, in the southwest region and panhandle, as well as, anywhere else in the world where blowing dust is a hazard to highway safety.

Kentucky Peer Exchange : Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSPs) - An RSPCB Peer Exchange

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

This report summarizes a peer exchange hosted by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) and the Kentucky Office of Highway Safety (KOHS) on June 16-17, 2015, in Frankfort, KY. The event included peer representatives from the Georgia Department of...

Improving passing lane safety and efficiency for Alaska's rural non\\0x2010divided highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

A series of experiments using a fixed-base driving simulator were conducted to examine the potential safety and operational : benefits of several highway safety interventions for reducing collision risk. Our approach sought to go beyond typical mitig...

Safety improvement from edge lines on rural two-lane highways : tech summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

The previous study "Impact of Edge Lines on Safety of Rural Two-Lane Highways" completed in 2005 concluded that, : with edge lines, centralization of a vehicle's position is more apparent during nighttime, which reduces the risk of runoff : -road (RO...

National Highway Safety Administration. Automatic collision notice field test summary.

PubMed

2001-10-01

From 1995 to 2000, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sponsored an initiative to create and operate an Automatic Collision Notification (ACN) system on a demonstration basis in a rural area to provide faster and smarter emergency medical responses and in an attempt to save lives and reduce disabilities from injuries. This article is a brief summary of that demonstration.

Older driver highway design handbook

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

This project included literature reviews and research syntheses, using meta-analytic techniques where : appropriate, in the areas of age-related (diminished) functional capabilities, and human factors and : highway safety. A User-Requirements Analysi...

The use of commercial advertising on large scale electronic billboards for highways and their relation to driver safety and driver distraction, literature review.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

The potential for driver distraction on highways is a major safety concern for state : departments of transportation (DOTs). In the current technological climate, drivers have : the potential to be distracted by cell phones, mp3 players and other med...

Price trends for federal-aid highway construction : 1987 base, second quarter 1999

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-04-01

This plan is part of the continuing commitment by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the Federal Highway Administration to reduce the number of speed-related fatalities and injuries occurring on our highways. Since the repeal of t...

Results of an investigation of the performance of the Smith and Wesson Breathalyzer Model 1000 Breath Alcohol Tester

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-02-01

The performance of breath alcohol test equipment used by : police is a major concern of the alcohol countermeasures effort : of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). : A Qualified Products List (QPL) has been established to ensu...

Evaluation of IdaShield sign safety benefits at highway-rail crossing in Idaho.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-11-01

This report describes findings from a study aimed at assessing the safety impact of IdaShield signs installed at 1,341 highway : railroad crossings in Idaho. Specifically, our research assessed the markers effectiveness using three measures: : ...

Safety Early Warning Research for Highway Construction Based on Case-Based Reasoning and Variable Fuzzy Sets

PubMed Central

Liu, Yan; Xu, Zhen-Jun

2013-01-01

As a high-risk subindustry involved in construction projects, highway construction safety has experienced major developments in the past 20 years, mainly due to the lack of safe early warnings in Chinese construction projects. By combining the current state of early warning technology with the requirements of the State Administration of Work Safety and using case-based reasoning (CBR), this paper expounds on the concept and flow of highway construction safety early warnings based on CBR. The present study provides solutions to three key issues, index selection, accident cause association analysis, and warning degree forecasting implementation, through the use of association rule mining, support vector machine classifiers, and variable fuzzy qualitative and quantitative change criterion modes, which fully cover the needs of safe early warning systems. Using a detailed description of the principles and advantages of each method and by proving the methods' effectiveness and ability to act together in safe early warning applications, effective means and intelligent technology for a safe highway construction early warning system are established. PMID:24191134

Safety early warning research for highway construction based on case-based reasoning and variable fuzzy sets.

PubMed

Liu, Yan; Yi, Ting-Hua; Xu, Zhen-Jun

2013-01-01

As a high-risk subindustry involved in construction projects, highway construction safety has experienced major developments in the past 20 years, mainly due to the lack of safe early warnings in Chinese construction projects. By combining the current state of early warning technology with the requirements of the State Administration of Work Safety and using case-based reasoning (CBR), this paper expounds on the concept and flow of highway construction safety early warnings based on CBR. The present study provides solutions to three key issues, index selection, accident cause association analysis, and warning degree forecasting implementation, through the use of association rule mining, support vector machine classifiers, and variable fuzzy qualitative and quantitative change criterion modes, which fully cover the needs of safe early warning systems. Using a detailed description of the principles and advantages of each method and by proving the methods' effectiveness and ability to act together in safe early warning applications, effective means and intelligent technology for a safe highway construction early warning system are established.

Propensity scores-potential outcomes framework to incorporate severity probabilities in the highway safety manual crash prediction algorithm.

PubMed

Sasidharan, Lekshmi; Donnell, Eric T

2014-10-01

Accurate estimation of the expected number of crashes at different severity levels for entities with and without countermeasures plays a vital role in selecting countermeasures in the framework of the safety management process. The current practice is to use the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' Highway Safety Manual crash prediction algorithms, which combine safety performance functions and crash modification factors, to estimate the effects of safety countermeasures on different highway and street facility types. Many of these crash prediction algorithms are based solely on crash frequency, or assume that severity outcomes are unchanged when planning for, or implementing, safety countermeasures. Failing to account for the uncertainty associated with crash severity outcomes, and assuming crash severity distributions remain unchanged in safety performance evaluations, limits the utility of the Highway Safety Manual crash prediction algorithms in assessing the effect of safety countermeasures on crash severity. This study demonstrates the application of a propensity scores-potential outcomes framework to estimate the probability distribution for the occurrence of different crash severity levels by accounting for the uncertainties associated with them. The probability of fatal and severe injury crash occurrence at lighted and unlighted intersections is estimated in this paper using data from Minnesota. The results show that the expected probability of occurrence of fatal and severe injury crashes at a lighted intersection was 1 in 35 crashes and the estimated risk ratio indicates that the respective probabilities at an unlighted intersection was 1.14 times higher compared to lighted intersections. The results from the potential outcomes-propensity scores framework are compared to results obtained from traditional binary logit models, without application of propensity scores matching. Traditional binary logit analysis suggests that

Validation and application of Highway Safety Manual (Part D) and developing Florida CMF Manual, phase 2.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) Part D provides a comprehensive list of the effects of safety treatments : (countermeasures). These effects are quantified by crash modification factors (CMF) which are based on compilation : from past studies of the e...

Nevada Peer Exchange : Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) Implementation - An RSPCB Peer Exchange

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-03-01

The Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) hosted a peer exchange March 4 and 5, 2015, in Carson City, NV, with support from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety. In addition to FHWA and NDOT staff, representatives from the ...

Preparing for the Update of Vermont’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan : Proceedings from the Federal Highway Administration’s Peer-to-Peer Exchange Program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

This report provides a summary of a peer exchange sponsored by the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans). The peer exchange convened Vermonts Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) Core Group to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Vermont...

Task force implementation guidelines for the development of state and community alcohol highway safety programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

Because of the alarming death and injury statistics of alcohol-related traffic crashes, the public and private sectors have demanded an organized approach to the driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) problem. In response to this demand, a definitive strate...

Applications of GIS for highway safety : peer exchange summary report, Cambridge, MA, September 14-15, 2011

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-09-30

On September 14-15, 2011, the FHWA's Office of Planning and its Office of Safety sponsored a 1.5-day peer exchange to promote the use of GIS and mapping for highway safety applications. This report offers overviews of the presentations given at the p...

A Study of Truck Drivers and Their Job Performance Regarding Highway Safety

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nafukho, Fredrick M.; Hinton, Barbara E.; Graham, Carroll M.

2007-01-01

Limited research has addressed the issue of truck drivers and their performance regarding highway safety in terms of reduced number of crashes per driver. The primary purpose of this study was to determine how tractor trailer truck drivers' job performance could be improved while at the same time ensuring increased revenue for the transportation…

The development of local calibration factors for implementing the highway safety manual in Maryland.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

The goal of the study was to determine local calibration factors (LCFs) to adjust predicted motor : vehicle traffic crashes for the Maryland-specific application of the Highway Safety Manual : (HSM). Since HSM predictive models were developed using d...

Highway safety performance metrics and emergency response in an advanced transportation environment : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

Traditional highway safety performance metrics have been largely based on fatal crashes and more recently serious injury crashes. In the near future however, there may be less severe motor vehicle crashes due to advances in driver assistance systems,...

Alcohol and Alcohol Safety: A Curriculum Manual for Senior High Level. Volume II, A Teacher's Activities Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finn, Peter; Platt, Judith

This curriculum manual on Alcohol and Alcohol Safety is designed as a teacher's guide for senior high level students. The topics it covers are: (1) safety; (2) attitudes toward alcohol and reasons people drink; (3) physical and behavioral effects; (4) alcohol industry; (5) interpersonal situations; (6) laws and customs; and (7) problem drinking…

Alcohol and Alcohol Safety: A Curriculum Manual for Junior High Level. Volume II, A Teacher's Activities Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finn, Peter; Platt, Judith

This curriculum manual on Alcohol and Alcohol Safety is designed as a teacher's guide for junior high level students. The topics it covers are: (1) safety; (2) attitudes toward alcohol and reasons people drink; (3) physical and behavioral effects; (4) interpersonal situations; (5) laws and customs; and (6) problem drinking and alcoholism. Each…

Methodology for safety optimization of highway cross-sections for horizontal curves with restricted sight distance.

PubMed

Ibrahim, Shewkar E; Sayed, Tarek; Ismail, Karim

2012-11-01

Several earlier studies have noted the shortcomings with existing geometric design guides which provide deterministic standards. In these standards the safety margin of the design output is generally unknown and there is little knowledge of the safety implications of deviating from the standards. To mitigate these shortcomings, probabilistic geometric design has been advocated where reliability analysis can be used to account for the uncertainty in the design parameters and to provide a mechanism for risk measurement to evaluate the safety impact of deviations from design standards. This paper applies reliability analysis for optimizing the safety of highway cross-sections. The paper presents an original methodology to select a suitable combination of cross-section elements with restricted sight distance to result in reduced collisions and consistent risk levels. The purpose of this optimization method is to provide designers with a proactive approach to the design of cross-section elements in order to (i) minimize the risk associated with restricted sight distance, (ii) balance the risk across the two carriageways of the highway, and (iii) reduce the expected collision frequency. A case study involving nine cross-sections that are parts of two major highway developments in British Columbia, Canada, was presented. The results showed that an additional reduction in collisions can be realized by incorporating the reliability component, P(nc) (denoting the probability of non-compliance), in the optimization process. The proposed approach results in reduced and consistent risk levels for both travel directions in addition to further collision reductions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Initial development of prototype performance model for highway design

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-12-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has undertaken a multiyear project to develop the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM), which is a CADD-based integrated set of software tools to analyze a highway design to identify safety issues ...

Investigating safety impact of centerline rumble strips, lane conversion, roundabout and j-turn features on Louisiana highways : [research project capsule].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-12-01

Although great strides have been made in reducing the number of Louisiana highway crashes in : recent years, the state still ranks worse than the national average in all highway tra c fatality rate : measures. To further enhance roadway safety, e...

Alcohol and highway safety : screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems as a community approach to improving traffic safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

Only a small fraction of the impaired drivers who are at risk for alcohol-impaired-driving crashes are arrested. These include drivers who drink regularly or occasionally to intoxication before they drive. Researchers have estimated the probability o...

Alcohol and Traffic Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickman, Frances Baker, Ed.

1988-01-01

Seven papers discuss current issues and applied social research concerning alcohol traffic safety. Prevention, policy input, methodology, planning strategies, anti-drinking/driving programs, social-programmatic orientations of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Kansas Driving Under the Influence Law, New Jersey Driving While Impaired Programs,…

Landscaping of highway medians at intersections : summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The most obvious benefit of landscaped medians is highway beautification, but they have also been found to enhance safety. Landscaping helps define turn lanes and crosswalks, adding to roadway safety. : Placement and specifications of highway landsca...

Highway Fuel Economy Study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

In 1979, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) with support from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), convened a Task Force to develop a base of information on the effects of the 55 MPH speed limit. This report addresses th...

Drug research methodology. Volume 2, The identification of drugs of interest in highway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-03-01

This report presents findings of a workshop on the identification of drugs that should be the focus of near-term highway safety research. Drugs of interest are those that have a potential to increase the likelihood of traffic crashes and their attend...

Evaluation of interactive highway safety design model crash prediction tools for two-lane rural roads on Kansas Department of Transportation projects.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

Historically, project-level decisions for the selection of highway features to promote safety were : based on either engineering judgment or adherence to accepted national guidance. These tools have allowed : highway designers to produce facilities t...

Comprehensive highway corridor planning with sustainability indicators.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-10-01

"The Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) has initiated major planning efforts to improve transportation : efficiency, safety, and sustainability on critical highway corridors through its Comprehensive Highway Corridor : (CHC) program. This pr...

Comprehensive highway corridor planning with sustainability indicators.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

The Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) has initiated major planning efforts to improve transportation : efficiency, safety, and sustainability on critical highway corridors through its Comprehensive Highway Corridor : (CHC) program. This pro...

Roads to Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hauer, Ezra

1991-01-01

Contends that the level of safety built into roads is largely unpremeditated and that roads and highways are not as safe as they might be. Discusses practices, standards, and deficiencies in highway and traffic safety related to geometric design and traffic engineering. Recommends increased transportation engineering professionalism and public…

Preparing for the Update of New Hampshire's Strategic Highway Safety Plan : An RSPCB Peer Exchange

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

This report provides a summary of a peer exchange sponsored by the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) that focused on updating New Hampshires Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) and establishing a Toward Zero Deaths (TZD) initiati...

Safety and health of professional drivers who drive on Brazilian highways

PubMed Central

Narciso, Fernanda Veruska; de Mello, Marco Túlio

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Traffic accidents and resulting injuries and deaths have become a global epidemic. In Brazil, most professional drivers, especially truck drivers, face irregular working hours and can be awake for more than 18 hours/day, which reduces their performance and alertness. In this article, we discuss the laws related to Brazilian professional drivers and their current amendments (No. 12,619/2012 and No. 13,103/2015) in relation to working hours at the wheel and rest breaks, which are vital for the quality of life of drivers and society in general. We note that the new law appears to be less efficient than the previous one as it causes insecurity and concern to the users of the transportation system, drivers, and employers. To restrict and reduce accidents, deaths, and injuries in traffic, appropriate legislation is essential, aiming at the safety of workers and users of highways. The law must also benefit the commercial aspect, strengthening the reduction in production and logistics losses. Additionally, traffic education programs are needed, as well as better supervision in relation to total working hours. PMID:28380210

Alternative method of highway traffic safety analysis for developing countries using delphi technique and Bayesian network.

PubMed

Mbakwe, Anthony C; Saka, Anthony A; Choi, Keechoo; Lee, Young-Jae

2016-08-01

Highway traffic accidents all over the world result in more than 1.3 million fatalities annually. An alarming number of these fatalities occurs in developing countries. There are many risk factors that are associated with frequent accidents, heavy loss of lives, and property damage in developing countries. Unfortunately, poor record keeping practices are very difficult obstacle to overcome in striving to obtain a near accurate casualty and safety data. In light of the fact that there are numerous accident causes, any attempts to curb the escalating death and injury rates in developing countries must include the identification of the primary accident causes. This paper, therefore, seeks to show that the Delphi Technique is a suitable alternative method that can be exploited in generating highway traffic accident data through which the major accident causes can be identified. In order to authenticate the technique used, Korea, a country that underwent similar problems when it was in its early stages of development in addition to the availability of excellent highway safety records in its database, is chosen and utilized for this purpose. Validation of the methodology confirms the technique is suitable for application in developing countries. Furthermore, the Delphi Technique, in combination with the Bayesian Network Model, is utilized in modeling highway traffic accidents and forecasting accident rates in the countries of research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 6856 - Agency Requests Approval To Extend Information Collection(s): Section 410 Alcohol Impaired...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket No. NHTSA-2012-0012] Agency Requests Approval To Extend Information Collection(s): Section 410 Alcohol... extend information collection. The collection involves preparation of certifications, and documents...

Highway Security: Filling the Void

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

continuation of lifestyles they support. (p. 1) Our military personnel, who are actively engaged abroad in the fight against terrorism, have witnessed...centric, generally accomplished through education and enforcement of the law. Highway safety is a natural extension of this public safety mission...prevent terrorism on our highways? • What is law enforcement’s role in educating the public with regard to terrorism prevention? • Is a multi

Transitioning to multiple imputation : a new method to impute missing blood alcohol concentration (BAC) values in FARS

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) of the National Highway Traffic Safety : Administration (NHTSA) has undertaken several approaches to remedy the problem of missing blood alcohol : test results in the Fatality Analysis Reporting ...

Harry Potter and the Underage Drinkers: Can We Use This to Talk to Teens about Alcohol?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welsh, Christopher

2007-01-01

Underage drinking continues to be a major problem in America. Approximately 20% of all alcohol consumed in the United States is consumed by minors with 44% of 8th graders and 77% of 12th graders reporting that they have tried alcohol at least once. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that, in 2003, as many as 3,657 drivers,…

Modeling truck speed in the upstream of one-lane two-way highway work zones : implications on reducing truck-related crashes in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

Truck-related crashes constitute a major safety concern for government agencies, the construction industry, and the traveling public. Due to the rising needs in highway maintenance and construction, the number of work zones is increasing throughout t...

Evaluation of interactive highway safety design model crash prediction tools for two-lane rural roads on Kansas Department of Transportation projects : [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

Historically, project-level decisions for the selection of highway features to promote safety were based on either engineering judgment or adherence to accepted national guidance. These tools have allowed highway designers to produce facilities that ...

Utah ITS/CVO business plan : using technology to maximize highway safety and improve government and industry productivity

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-12-31

This plan was produced to maximize highway safety and increase government and industry productivity through the application of Intelligent Transportation System/Commercial Vehicle Operations (ITS/CVO) technologies to support regulatory and enforcemen...

Alcohol-related hot-spot analysis and prediction : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-05-01

This project developed methods to more accurately identify alcohol-related crash hot spots, ultimately allowing for more effective and efficient enforcement and safety campaigns. Advancements in accuracy came from improving the calculation of spatial...

Prevalence and predictors of problematic alcohol use, risky sexual practices and other negative consequences associated with alcohol use among safety and security employees in the Western Cape, South Africa.

PubMed

Harker Burnhams, Nadine; Parry, Charles; Laubscher, Ria; London, Leslie

2014-03-04

Harmful alcohol use can compromise worker health and productivity. Persons employed in safety-sensitive occupations are particularly vulnerable to hazardous alcohol use and its associated risks. This study describes the patterns of harmful alcohol use, related HIV risks and risk factors for the harmful use of alcohol among a sample of employees in South Africa working in the safety and security sector. A cross-sectional study that formed the baseline for a clustered randomized control trial was undertaken in 2011. A random sample of 325 employees employed within a safety and security sector of a local municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa participated in the study. Data were collected by means of an 18-page self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SAS/STAT software version 9.2. For all significance testing, the F-statistic and p-values are reported. Three hundred and twenty-five employees were surveyed. Findings suggest that more than half (76.1%) of the 78.9% of participants who consumed alcohol engaged in binge drinking, with close to a quarter reporting a CAGE score greater than the cut-off of 2, indicating potentially hazardous drinking patterns. The study further found that employees who use alcohol are more likely to engage in risky sexual practices when under the influence. A favorable drinking climate (p < 0.001) and poor levels of group cohesion (p = 0.009) were significantly correlated to binge drinking. This study identifies alcohol-related behaviors and associated risks in the context of safety-sensitive occupations at the workplace. It suggests that persons employed within such positions are at high risk for developing alcohol-related disorders and for contracting HIV. This study highlights the need for testing a comprehensive package of services designed to prevent hazardous alcohol use among safety and security employees.

The effects of minimum legal drinking age 21 laws on alcohol-related driving in the United States.

PubMed

McCartt, Anne T; Hellinga, Laurie A; Kirley, Bevan B

2010-04-01

To examine trends in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related crashes among people younger than 21 in the United States and to review evidence on the effects of minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws. Trends in alcohol-related crashes and alcohol consumption among young people were examined, and studies on the effects of lowering and raising the drinking age were reviewed. MLDA laws underwent many changes during the 20th century in the United States. Since July 1988, the MLDA has been 21 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Surveys tracking alcohol consumption among high school students and young adults found that drinking declined since the late 1970 s, and most of the decline occurred by the early 1990 s. These were the years when states were establishing, or reinstating, a MLDA-21. Among fatally injured drivers ages 16-20, the percentage with positive BACs declined from 61% in 1982 to 31% in 1995, a bigger decline than for older age groups; declines occurred among the ages directly affected by raising MLDAs (ages 18-20) and among young teenagers not directly affected (ages 16-17). Almost all studies designed specifically to gauge the effects of drinking age changes show MLDAs of 21 reduce drinking, problematic drinking, drinking and driving, and alcohol-related crashes among young people. Yet many underage people still drink, many drink and drive, and alcohol remains an important risk factor in serious crashes of young drivers, especially as they progress through the teenage years. Stepped-up enforcement of MLDA and drinking and driving laws can reduce underage drinking. Recent efforts to lower MLDAs to 18 and issue licenses to drink upon completion of alcohol education have gained local and national media attention. There is no evidence that alcohol education can even partially replace the effect of MLDA-21. The cause and effect relationship between MLDAs of 21 and reductions in highway crashes is clear. Initiatives to lower the drinking age to 18

Communications Strategies on Alcohol and Highway Safety. Volume I. Adults 18-55. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grey Advertising, Inc., New York, NY.

The first part of a two-part, two volume study deals with adults aged 18-55 and identifies target populations and communications strategies for encouraging personal action steps to prevent drunk driving. Fully 54% of adult Americans participate once a month in social or business situations where alcohol is served. They are termed Alcohol Related…

Safety assessment tool for construction zone work phasing plans

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is the compilation of national safety research that provides quantitative methods for : analyzing highway safety. The HSM presents crash modification functions related to freeway work zone characteristics such as : wor...

Summary and evaluation of responses received on the alcohol safety interlock system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-05-01

This report summarizes and evaluates devices and suggestions provided by respondents to the DOT Prospectus entitled "Some Considerations Related to the Development of an Alcohol Safety Interlock System (ASIS)". The responses are categorized into: (1)...

Comprehensive highway corridor planning with sustainability indicators : [research summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

The Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) has initiated major planning : efforts to improve transportation efficiency, safety and sustainability on critical : highway corridors through its Comprehensive Highway Corridor (CHC) program. : It is i...

Rail-Highway Crossing Warning Device Life Cycle Cost Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-09-01

The Highway Safety Acts of 1973 and 1976, and the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 provide funds to individual states to improve safety at public rail-highway crossings. This report was undertaken in support of a U.S. DOT effort to impro...

Discussion on runoff purification technology of highway bridge deck based on water quality safety

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Sheng-guang; Liu, Xue-xin; Zou, Guo-ping; Xiong, Xin-zhu; Tao, Shuang-cheng

2018-06-01

Aiming at the actual problems existing, including a poor purification effect of highway bridge runoff collection and treatment system across sensitive water and necessary manual emergency operation, three kinds of technology, three pools system of bridge runoff purification, the integral pool of bridge runoff purification and ecological planting tank, are put forward by optimizing the structure of purification unit and system setting. At the same time, we come up with an emergency strategy for hazardous material leakage basing on automatic identification and remote control of traffic accidents. On the basis of combining these with the optimized pool structure, sensitive water safety can be guaranteed and water pollution, from directly discharging of bridge runoff, can be decreased. For making up for the shortages of green highway construction technology, the technique has important reference value.

Summary of DOT Rail-Highway Crossing Resource Allocation Procedure - Revised

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-06-01

The Highway Safety Acts of 1973 and 1976, and the Surface Transportation Assistance Acts of 1978 and 1982 provide funding authorizations to individual states to improve safety at public rail-highway crossings. The installation of active motorist warn...

Accident prediction model for public highway-rail grade crossings.

PubMed

Lu, Pan; Tolliver, Denver

2016-05-01

Considerable research has focused on roadway accident frequency analysis, but relatively little research has examined safety evaluation at highway-rail grade crossings. Highway-rail grade crossings are critical spatial locations of utmost importance for transportation safety because traffic crashes at highway-rail grade crossings are often catastrophic with serious consequences. The Poisson regression model has been employed to analyze vehicle accident frequency as a good starting point for many years. The most commonly applied variations of Poisson including negative binomial, and zero-inflated Poisson. These models are used to deal with common crash data issues such as over-dispersion (sample variance is larger than the sample mean) and preponderance of zeros (low sample mean and small sample size). On rare occasions traffic crash data have been shown to be under-dispersed (sample variance is smaller than the sample mean) and traditional distributions such as Poisson or negative binomial cannot handle under-dispersion well. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare various alternate highway-rail grade crossing accident frequency models that can handle the under-dispersion issue. The contributions of the paper are two-fold: (1) application of probability models to deal with under-dispersion issues and (2) obtain insights regarding to vehicle crashes at public highway-rail grade crossings. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of electroluminescence technology for highway signage.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-09-30

Laboratory work will be combined with reviews of highway signage protocols, requirements and : potential applications that will lead to prototype design requirements for a typical highway sign that : should have the potential to improve safety for th...

Study of State Programs for Rail-Highway Grade Crossing Improvements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-02-01

In response to a DOT study of rail-highway grade crossing safety in the United States, the Congress passed the Highway Safety Act of 1973 which earmarked funds specifically for grade crossing improvements. Law requires the states to establish program...

49 CFR 212.233 - Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector... Inspection Personnel § 212.233 Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) An apprentice highway... Administrator for Safety leading to qualification as a highway-rail grade crossing inspector. The apprentice...

49 CFR 212.233 - Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector... Inspection Personnel § 212.233 Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) An apprentice highway... Administrator for Safety leading to qualification as a highway-rail grade crossing inspector. The apprentice...

49 CFR 212.233 - Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector... Inspection Personnel § 212.233 Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) An apprentice highway... Administrator for Safety leading to qualification as a highway-rail grade crossing inspector. The apprentice...

49 CFR 212.233 - Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector... Inspection Personnel § 212.233 Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) An apprentice highway... Administrator for Safety leading to qualification as a highway-rail grade crossing inspector. The apprentice...

49 CFR 212.233 - Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector... Inspection Personnel § 212.233 Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) An apprentice highway... Administrator for Safety leading to qualification as a highway-rail grade crossing inspector. The apprentice...

Alcohol craving and demand mediate the relation between posttraumatic stress symptoms and alcohol-related consequences.

PubMed

Tripp, Jessica C; Meshesha, Lidia Z; Teeters, Jenni B; Pickover, Alison M; McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E; Murphy, James G

2015-10-01

Posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms are associated with alcohol-related consequences, but there is a need to understand mediators that may help explain the reasons for this relationship. Individuals with PTS may experience elevated craving and alcohol reward value (demand), which may contribute to risk for alcohol-related consequences. We examined relationships between PTS status, craving, alcohol demand, and alcohol-related consequences in PTS-positive (n = 64) and PTS-negative (n = 200) college students (M age = 21.7; 77% women; 54% Caucasian; 34% African American) who endorsed past-month alcohol use. We tested craving and alcohol demand as mediators of the relation between PTS status and alcohol-related consequences. Craving (B = .04, SE = .02, 95% CI [.01, .10]), demand intensity (B = .02, SE = .02, 95% CI [.001, .07]), and demand elasticity (B = .05, SE = .03, 95% CI [.006, .12]) significantly mediated the association between PTS symptoms and alcohol-related consequences. Craving remained a significant mediator in a multiple mediators model (B = .08, SE = .04, 95% CI [.03, .19]). Craving and alcohol demand may partially explain the relation between PTS status and alcohol-related consequences. Craving may be especially salient for individuals with PTS symptoms, as it may lead to more severe alcohol-related consequences even in the absence of elevated alcohol consumption. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Avoidance of alcohol-related stimuli in alcohol-dependent inpatients.

PubMed

Townshend, J M; Duka, T

2007-08-01

Previous research has shown an attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli in heavy social drinkers. Attentional orientation to drug-related cues may lead to increased craving and preoccupation with the drug and impaired ability to focus attention on nondrug-related activities, resulting in renewed drug taking or relapse from drug abstinence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alcohol-dependent inpatients would differ in their selective attention toward alcohol-related stimuli in comparison with a group of social drinking controls. Thirty-five alcohol-dependent inpatients were compared with a group of 39 social drinking controls matched for age, sex, and verbal IQ. Attentional bias was assessed using alcohol-related pictures in a dot probe detection task. Questionnaires were used to examine outcome expectancies after alcohol consumption, anxiety, mood, and craving. The alcoholic inpatients showed a bias away from the alcohol-related stimuli, scored higher on alcohol outcome expectancies, and on anxiety measures (both state and trait). They also presented with more negative mood compared with the control group. Craving was higher in the alcoholic group for the factor "loss of control over drinking." Alcoholic inpatients undergoing treatment based on the 12-step treatment of Alcoholics Anonymous (Minnesota model), which includes counseling, and intensive group, individual, and family psychotherapy, show an avoidance for drug-related stimuli and a perception of loss of control over drinking. We suggest that their increased perception of loss of control over drinking produces the avoidance from the drug-related stimuli.

The relationship of alcohol safety laws to drinking drivers in fatal crashes

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-08-01

This paper presents an analysis of the relationships between the passage of key alcohol safety laws and the number of drinking drivers in fatal crashes. The study evaluated the impact of three major alcohol safety laws (administrative license revocat...

The relationship of alcohol safety laws to drinking drivers in fatal crashes.

PubMed

Voas, R B; Tippetts, A S; Fell, J

2000-07-01

This paper presents an analysis of the relationships between the passage of key alcohol safety laws and the number of drinking drivers in fatal crashes. The study evaluated three major alcohol safety laws--administrative license revocation laws, 0.10 illegal per se, and 0.08 illegal per se laws--on the proportion of drinking drivers in fatal crashes. Drivers aged 21 and older in fatal crashes at two BAC levels--0.01-0.09 and 0.10 or greater--were considered separately. Drivers under age 21 were not included because they are affected by the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) law. This study used data on drinking drivers in fatal crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) covering 16 years (1982-1997) for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Also included in the study were such variables as per capita alcohol consumption and annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT), which could affect the number of alcohol-related crashes. The results indicate that each of the three laws had a significant relationship to the downward trend in alcohol-related fatal crashes in the United States over that period. This paper points out that this long-term trend is not the product of a single law. Instead, it is the result of the growing impact of several laws over time plus the affect of some factors not included in the model tested (such as the increasing use of sobriety checkpoints and the media's attention to the drinking-and-driving problem).

Privacy Implications Arising From Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-12-08

INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY SYSTEMS, ("IVHS") INVOLVE ELECTRONIC MONITORING AND SOMETIMES IDENTIFICATION OF AND COMMUNICATION WITH MOTOR VEHICLES OPERATING ON PUBLIC HIGHWAYS FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING TRAFFIC SAFETY, EFFICIENCY AND CONVENIENCE. IV...

Strategic evaluation states initiative : case studies of Alaska, Georgia, and West Virginia

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-04-01

In 2002, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration undertook a new approach that focused strategically on reducing alcohol-related crashes, injuries, and deaths in States with especially high numbers or rates of alcohol-related fatalities. T...

Highway Statistics 1980

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

This publication brings together annual series of selected statistical tabulations relating to highway transportation in three major areas: (1) Highway use--the ownership and operation of motor vehicles; (2) highway finance--the receipts and expendit...

Highway statistics 2007

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

This publication brings together annual series of selected statistical tabulations relating to highway transportation in four major areas: (1) highway infrastructure and users; (2) motor vehicles and fuel; (3) highway finance--the receipts and expend...

Bicycle safety highway users information report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

This report presents a picture of the type and frequency of bicycling accidents common to adult bicyclists using America's streets and highways. It develops accident frequencies by type, offers profiles of accident versus non-accident riders, lists p...

Alcohol Craving and Demand Mediate the Relation between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Alcohol-Related Consequences

PubMed Central

Tripp, Jessica C.; Meshesha, Lidia Z.; Teeters, Jenni B.; Pickover, Alison; McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E.; Murphy, James G.

2015-01-01

Objective Posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms are associated with alcohol-related consequences, but there is a need to understand mediators that may help explain the reasons for this relationship. Individuals with PTS may experience elevated craving and alcohol reward value (demand), which may contribute to risk for alcohol-related consequences. Method We examined relationships between PTS status, craving, alcohol demand, and alcohol-related consequences in PTS-positive (n = 64) and PTS-negative (n = 200) college students (M age = 21.7; 77% women; 54% Caucasian; 34% African American) who endorsed past-month alcohol use. We tested craving and alcohol demand as mediators of the relation between PTS status and alcohol problems. Results Craving (B = .04, SE = .02, 95% CI = .01 – .10), demand intensity (B = .05, SE = .03, 95% CI = .0009 – .17), and demand elasticity (B = .05, SE = .03, 95% CI = .006 – .03) significantly mediated the association between PTS symptoms and alcohol problems. Craving remained a significant mediator in a multiple mediators model (B = .08, SE = .04, 95% CI = .03 – .19). Conclusions Craving and alcohol demand may partially explain the relation between PTS status and alcohol-related consequences. Craving may be especially salient for individuals with PTS symptoms, as it may lead to more severe alcohol-related consequences even in the absence of elevated alcohol consumption. PMID:26375513

Safety effects of cross-section design on rural multilane highways : summary report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-06-01

National statistics indicate that fatality rates on rural Federal-aid primary highways have been significantly higher compared to those for urban and rural Interstate highways and urban primary highways. Although this group of highways includes two-l...

Air quality and energy impacts of NYSDOT highway ROW management.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-08-01

Mowing the highway right-of-way is important for the safety of roadway users and maintaining the highway infrastructure. However, little quantitative data are available on the energy use and air quality impacts of highway mowing activities. In this r...

Final report of the safety assessment of Alcohol Denat., including SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40, SD Alcohol 40-B, and SD Alcohol 40-C, and the denaturants, Quassin, Brucine Sulfate/Brucine, and Denatonium Benzoate.

PubMed

2008-01-01

that the adverse effects known to be associated with Alcohol ingestion included in this safety assessment do not suggest a concern for Alcohol Denat. or SD Alcohols because of the presence of the denaturants, which are added for the express purpose of making the Alcohol unpotable. The CIR Expert Panel has previously conducted safety assessments of t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate, in which each was affirmed safe or safe with qualifications. Given their use as denaturants are at low concentrations of use in Alcohol, the CIR Expert Panel determined that Alcohol Denat. denatured with t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate is safe as used in cosmetic formulations with no qualifications. Likewise, because they are denatured with either t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, or Methyl Alcohol, SD Alcohols 3-A, 30, 39-B, 39-C, and 40-C all are considered safe as used. The Panel considered the available data for Denatonium Benzoate and SD Alcohol 40-B to be sufficient to support the safety of these ingredients in cosmetics. Denatonium Benzoate is sufficiently bitter that it is an effective denaturant at only 0.0006%. The Panel recognized that data on dermal penetration of Denatonium Benzoate were not available, but considered that the available data on lidocaine, a smaller structurally related chemical, indicates that dermal exposure does not result in measurable systemic exposure. The available data, however, were not sufficient to support the safety of Quassin, Brucine, and Brucine Sulfate, Alcohol Denat. denatured with those denaturants, or SD Alcohol 39 and SD Alcohol 40 (SD Alcohols denatured with Quassin, Brucine, and/or Brucine Sulfate), and in order for the Expert Panel to reach a conclusion for these denaturants, additional data are needed.

Traffic safety facts 1999 : state alcohol estimates

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The data in this traffic safety fact sheet provide estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes for the United States and individually for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico (not included in the national totals). These esti...

The influence of alcohol-specific communication on adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences.

PubMed

Reimuller, Alison; Hussong, Andrea; Ennett, Susan T

2011-12-01

Alcohol-specific communication, a direct conversation between an adult and an adolescent regarding alcohol use, contains messages about alcohol relayed from the adult to the child. The current study examined the construct of alcohol-specific communication and the effect of messages on adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Parent-adolescent dyads were assessed biannually for 3 years (grades 9-11 at wave 6) to examine these relations in a large longitudinal study of adolescents initially in grades 6 through 8. An exploratory factor analysis identified two factors among alcohol-specific communication items, permissive messages and negative alcohol messages. Results showed previous level of adolescent alcohol use moderated the relation between permissive messages and alcohol use outcomes. Plotting of these interactions showed greater alcohol use and consequences with increasing permissive messages in adolescents with higher versus lower levels of previous alcohol use. Results suggest that parental messages regarding alcohol use may impact adolescent alcohol use beyond the effect of general parenting style and parental alcohol use.

Is local alcohol outlet density related to alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in Scottish cities?

PubMed Central

Richardson, E.A.; Hill, S.E.; Mitchell, R.; Pearce, J.; Shortt, N.K.

2015-01-01

Alcohol consumption may be influenced by the local alcohol retailing environment. This study is the first to examine neighbourhood alcohol outlet availability (on- and off-sales outlets) and alcohol-related health outcomes in Scotland. Alcohol-related hospitalisations and deaths were significantly higher in neighbourhoods with higher outlet densities, and off-sales outlets were more important than on-sales outlets. The relationships held for most age groups, including those under the legal minimum drinking age, although were not significant for the youngest legal drinkers (18–25 years). Alcohol-related deaths and hospitalisations were higher in more income-deprived neighbourhoods, and the gradient in deaths (but not hospitalisations) was marginally larger in neighbourhoods with higher off-sales outlet densities. Efforts to reduce alcohol-related harm should consider the potentially important role of the alcohol retail environment. PMID:25840352

Laboratory testing of alcohol safety interlock systems employing divided attention tests

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-12-01

Author's abstract: Prototype Alcohol Safety Interlock Systems employing measurements of tracking ability, reaction time, and response accuracy to discern alcohol impairment were submitted to laboratory testing. These systems were modified versions of...

Highway development

Treesearch

Peter M. Harvard; Bernard L. Chaplin

1979-01-01

Highways are something we see, and some-thing we see the landscape from. They exert tremendous visual influence on our national landscape and will continue to do so. While most interstate mileage is in place, major unbuilt urban segments remain, and rural and suburban trunk roads are receiving renewed emphasis. Nationwide programs of bridge replacement, safety and...

Is local alcohol outlet density related to alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in Scottish cities?

PubMed

Richardson, E A; Hill, S E; Mitchell, R; Pearce, J; Shortt, N K

2015-05-01

Alcohol consumption may be influenced by the local alcohol retailing environment. This study is the first to examine neighbourhood alcohol outlet availability (on- and off-sales outlets) and alcohol-related health outcomes in Scotland. Alcohol-related hospitalisations and deaths were significantly higher in neighbourhoods with higher outlet densities, and off-sales outlets were more important than on-sales outlets. The relationships held for most age groups, including those under the legal minimum drinking age, although were not significant for the youngest legal drinkers (18-25 years). Alcohol-related deaths and hospitalisations were higher in more income-deprived neighbourhoods, and the gradient in deaths (but not hospitalisations) was marginally larger in neighbourhoods with higher off-sales outlet densities. Efforts to reduce alcohol-related harm should consider the potentially important role of the alcohol retail environment. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The Influence of Alcohol-specific Communication on Adolescent Alcohol Use and Alcohol-related Consequences

PubMed Central

Reimuller, Alison; Hussong, Andrea; Ennett, Susan T.

2013-01-01

Alcohol-specific communication, a direct conversation between an adult and an adolescent regarding alcohol use, contains messages about alcohol relayed from the adult to the child. The current study examined the construct of alcohol-specific communication and the effect of messages on adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Parent-adolescent dyads were assessed biannually for 3 years (grades 9-11 at wave 6) to examine these relations in a large longitudinal study of adolescents initially in grades 6 through 8. An exploratory factor analysis identified two factors among alcohol-specific communication items, permissive messages and negative alcohol messages. Results showed previous level of adolescent alcohol use moderated the relation between permissive messages and alcohol use outcomes. Plotting of these interactions showed greater alcohol use and consequences with increasing permissive messages in adolescents with higher versus lower levels of previous alcohol use. Results suggest that parental messages regarding alcohol use may impact adolescent alcohol use beyond the effect of general parenting style and parental alcohol use. PMID:21667141

Our nation's highways 2008

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

he Federal Highway Administrations Office of Highway Policy Information (OHPI) establishes travel monitoring policy and guidelines, facilitates the application of technology, and collects and analyzes highway-related data from throughout the Unite...

USDOT Federal Railroad Administration's third research needs workshop on highway-rail grade crossing safety and trespass prevention : Volume 2 : appendices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

On July 14-16, 2009 the Volpe Center hosted the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT) Federal Railroad Administrations (FRA) Third Research Needs Workshop on Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety and Trespass Prevention (workshop). The ...

Human alcohol-related neuropathology

PubMed Central

Kril, Jillian J.

2015-01-01

Alcohol-related diseases of the nervous system are caused by excessive exposures to alcohol, with or without co-existing nutritional or vitamin deficiencies. Toxic and metabolic effects of alcohol (ethanol) vary with brain region, age/developmental stage, dose, and duration of exposures. In the mature brain, heavy chronic or binge alcohol exposures can cause severe debilitating diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and skeletal muscle. Most commonly, long-standing heavy alcohol abuse leads to disproportionate loss of cerebral white matter and impairments in executive function. The cerebellum (especially the vermis), cortical-limbic circuits, skeletal muscle, and peripheral nerves are also important targets of chronic alcohol-related metabolic injury and degeneration. Although all cell types within the nervous system are vulnerable to the toxic, metabolic, and degenerative effects of alcohol, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and synaptic terminals are major targets, accounting for the white matter atrophy, neural inflammation and toxicity, and impairments in synaptogenesis. Besides chronic degenerative neuropathology, alcoholics are predisposed to develop severe potentially life-threatening acute or subacute symmetrical hemorrhagic injury in the diencephalon and brainstem due to thiamine deficiency, which exerts toxic/metabolic effects on glia, myelin, and the microvasculature. Alcohol also has devastating neurotoxic and teratogenic effects on the developing brain in association with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder/fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol impairs function of neurons and glia, disrupting a broad array of functions including neuronal survival, cell migration, and glial cell (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) differentiation. Further progress is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of this exposure-related constellation of nervous system diseases and better correlate the underlying pathology with in vivo imaging and biochemical lesions

Traffic safety facts 1994 : state alcohol estimates

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-01-01

Nationwide in 1994, alcohol was involved in 40.8 percent of the traffic fatalities (8.6 percent low alcohol and 32.2 percent high alcohol), translating to 16,589 alcohol-related fatalities. These tables provide estimates of alcohol involvement in fat...

Traffic safety facts 1995 : state alcohol estimates

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

Nationwide in 1995, alcohol was involved in 41.3 percent of the traffic fatalities (8.9 percent low alcohol and 32.5 percent high alcohol), translating to 17,274 alcohol-related fatalities. These tables provide estimates of alcohol involvement in fat...

Measurement of highway-related noise

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-01

The U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility, in support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Environment and Planning...

Exposure to alcohol advertisements and teenage alcohol-related problems.

PubMed

Grenard, Jerry L; Dent, Clyde W; Stacy, Alan W

2013-02-01

This study used prospective data to test the hypothesis that exposure to alcohol advertising contributes to an increase in underage drinking and that an increase in underage drinking then leads to problems associated with drinking alcohol. A total of 3890 students were surveyed once per year across 4 years from the 7th through the 10th grades. Assessments included several measures of exposure to alcohol advertising, alcohol use, problems related to alcohol use, and a range of covariates, such as age, drinking by peers, drinking by close adults, playing sports, general TV watching, acculturation, parents' jobs, and parents' education. Structural equation modeling of alcohol consumption showed that exposure to alcohol ads and/or liking of those ads in seventh grade were predictive of the latent growth factors for alcohol use (past 30 days and past 6 months) after controlling for covariates. In addition, there was a significant total effect for boys and a significant mediated effect for girls of exposure to alcohol ads and liking of those ads in 7th grade through latent growth factors for alcohol use on alcohol-related problems in 10th grade. Younger adolescents appear to be susceptible to the persuasive messages contained in alcohol commercials broadcast on TV, which sometimes results in a positive affective reaction to the ads. Alcohol ad exposure and the affective reaction to those ads influence some youth to drink more and experience drinking-related problems later in adolescence.

Exposure to Alcohol Advertisements and Teenage Alcohol-Related Problems

PubMed Central

Dent, Clyde W.; Stacy, Alan W.

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVE: This study used prospective data to test the hypothesis that exposure to alcohol advertising contributes to an increase in underage drinking and that an increase in underage drinking then leads to problems associated with drinking alcohol. METHODS: A total of 3890 students were surveyed once per year across 4 years from the 7th through the 10th grades. Assessments included several measures of exposure to alcohol advertising, alcohol use, problems related to alcohol use, and a range of covariates, such as age, drinking by peers, drinking by close adults, playing sports, general TV watching, acculturation, parents’ jobs, and parents’ education. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling of alcohol consumption showed that exposure to alcohol ads and/or liking of those ads in seventh grade were predictive of the latent growth factors for alcohol use (past 30 days and past 6 months) after controlling for covariates. In addition, there was a significant total effect for boys and a significant mediated effect for girls of exposure to alcohol ads and liking of those ads in 7th grade through latent growth factors for alcohol use on alcohol-related problems in 10th grade. CONCLUSIONS: Younger adolescents appear to be susceptible to the persuasive messages contained in alcohol commercials broadcast on TV, which sometimes results in a positive affective reaction to the ads. Alcohol ad exposure and the affective reaction to those ads influence some youth to drink more and experience drinking-related problems later in adolescence. PMID:23359585

Alcohol on campus: alcohol-related emergencies in undergraduate college students.

PubMed

Wright, S W; Norton, V C; Dake, A D; Pinkston, J R; Slovis, C M

1998-10-01

We reviewed demographic factors associated with alcohol-related disorders in undergraduates seen in the emergency department (ED) and determined the incidence of alcohol-related ED visits among undergraduates. This prospective, observational study was done in a university-affiliated emergency department. Demographic variables and incidence of students with alcohol-related disorders were analyzed. Of the 616 students seen in the ED during 1 academic year, 101 (16%) had an alcohol-related disorder. White students and freshmen were overrepresented. There were equal numbers of male and female students. The overall annual incidence for an alcohol-related visit among undergraduates was 1.7% per academic year. The incidence for freshmen was 2.9%. Four students were admitted; one died of a severe head injury. We estimate that 1 of every 15 undergraduates at our college comes to our ED with an alcohol-related problem during their 4-year college career. Younger and nonminority students were more commonly seen; there was no difference by sex. Serious outcomes included one death. This study probably underestimates the true incidence of alcohol-related disorders among students on campus.

A system review of the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

In March 1979, the Virginia General Assembly gave the Virginia Department of Transportation Safety (VDTS) the power and responsibility to make binding policy and set standards for the local Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Projects across the state. In...

Meta-Analysis of the Association of Alcohol-Related Social Media Use with Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults.

PubMed

Curtis, Brenda L; Lookatch, Samantha J; Ramo, Danielle E; McKay, James R; Feinn, Richard S; Kranzler, Henry R

2018-06-01

Despite the pervasive use of social media by young adults, there is comparatively little known about whether, and how, engagement in social media influences this group's drinking patterns and risk of alcohol-related problems. We examined the relations between young adults' alcohol-related social media engagement (defined as the posting, liking, commenting, and viewing of alcohol-related social media content) and their drinking behavior and problems. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the association of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems with alcohol-related social media engagement. Summary baseline variables regarding the social media platform used (e.g., Facebook and Twitter), social media measures assessed (e.g., number of alcohol photographs posted), alcohol measures (e.g., Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Timeline Follow back Interview), and the number of time points at which data were collected were extracted from each published study. We used the Q statistic to examine heterogeneity in the correlations between alcohol-related social media engagement and both drinking behavior and alcohol-related problems. Because there was significant heterogeneity, we used a random-effects model to evaluate the difference from zero of the weighted aggregate correlations. We used metaregression with study characteristics as moderators to test for moderators of the observed heterogeneity. Following screening, 19 articles met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The primary findings indicated a statistically significant relationship and moderate effect sizes between alcohol-related social media engagement and both alcohol consumption (r = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.44, p < 0.001) and alcohol-related problems (r = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.51, p < 0.001). There was significant heterogeneity among studies. Two significant predictors of heterogeneity were (i) whether there was joint measurement of alcohol-related

Safety improvements at highway-railroad crossing for pedestrians and bicyclists and the assessment of long-term effects of centerline curbing.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

The focus of the research reported herein was on assessing the long-term effectiveness of median barriers at highway-rail : grade crossings (HRGCs), the impacts of barrier maintenance in resurrecting safety, and on exploring and assessing ways : to i...

Highway performance monitoring system catalog : new technology and techniques

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-03-01

The Share the Road Campaign Research Study Final Report documents the independent study and review of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Motor Carrier and Highway Safety's (OMCHS), Share the Road program called the No-Zone Campaign....

Dollars for lives: the effect of highway capital investments on traffic fatalities.

PubMed

Nguyen-Hoang, Phuong; Yeung, Ryan

2014-12-01

This study examines the effect of highway capital investments on highway fatalities. We used state-level data from the 48 contiguous states in the United States from 1968 through 2010 to estimate the effects on highway fatalities of capital expenditures and highway capital stock. We estimated these effects by controlling for a set of control variables together with state and year dummy variables and state-specific linear time trends. We found that capital expenditures and capital stock had significant and negative effects on highway fatalities. States faced with declines in gas tax revenues have already cut back drastically on spending on roads including on maintenance and capital outlay. If this trend continues, it may undermine traffic safety. While states and local governments are currently fiscally strained, it is important for them to continue investments in roadways to enhance traffic safety and, more significantly, to save lives. Copyright © 2014 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The collection of national trend data on alcohol related crashes for comparison with alcohol safety action projects results. Volume 1, National trend sample

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-07-01

To study the national trend in alcohol-related crashes, a sample of 14 states was selected, and monthly accident data were collected for each state for the years 1965 through 1975. Surrogate measures for alcohol-related crashes were chosen on the bas...

75 FR 45697 - Safety Advisory Notice: Personal Electronic Device Related Distractions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-03

... the Federal safety authority for the transportation of hazardous materials by air, rail, highway, and... transportation of hazardous materials. In light of PHMSA's vital safety mission, we issue this advisory bulletin... hazardous materials transportation. Issued in Washington, DC, on July 27, 2010. Magdy El-Sibaie, Associate...

Characteristics of heavy metal pollution on roadside soil along highway

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Chaocheng

2017-10-01

Highway traffic is the main source of heavy metal pollution. Due to limited cropland, it is very common to plant crops along the highways. So, in view of agricultural products safety, heavy metal pollution by highway traffic to soils along highway is widely concerned. Therefore, to study distribution traits, accumulative laws and influence factors of heavy metals in agricultural soils could provide scientific evidence and theoretical basis for environmental protection along express way.

Do community characteristics predict alcohol-related crime?

PubMed

Breen, Courtney; Shakeshaft, Anthony; Slade, Tim; Love, Stephanie; D'Este, Catherine; Mattick, Richard P

2011-01-01

Alcohol-related crime is a substantial community problem. There is evidence to suggest that certain geographic areas experience higher rates of alcohol-related crime and that both individual and community factors are associated with alcohol-related crime. There is limited research at the community level despite communities being the target of interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related harm. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in alcohol-related crime at the community level and examines whether certain community characteristics are associated with increased alcohol-related crime. Routinely collected police data from 20 rural communities in New South Wales, Australia were analysed. The ratio of alcohol to non-alcohol-related criminal incidents was used as a proxy for alcohol-related crime. Predictor variables were population-adjusted community characteristics, including demographic and resource variables. Regression analyses suggest that there are differences between communities in alcohol-related crime. Less socioeconomic disadvantage and more GPs and licensed premises (pubs and clubs) are associated with greater alcohol-related crime at the community level. Decreasing the socioeconomic well-being of a community is not appropriate; however, introducing additional taxes to increase the cost of alcohol may decrease consumption and therefore alcohol-related crime. Reducing or capping the number of licensed premises, specifically the number of pubs and clubs, may be an appropriate strategy to reduce alcohol-related crime in rural communities.

A comprehensive examination of U.S. laws enacted to reduce alcohol-related crashes among underage drivers.

PubMed

Romano, Eduardo; Scherer, Michael; Fell, James; Taylor, Eileen

2015-12-01

To effectively address concerns associated with alcohol-related traffic laws, communities must apply comprehensive and well-coordinated interventions that account for as many factors as possible. The goal of the current research article is to examine and evaluate the simultaneous contribution of 20 underage drinking laws and 3 general driving safety laws, while accounting for demographic, economic, and environmental variables. Annual fatal crash data (1982 to 2010), policies, and demographic, economic, and environmental information were collected and applied to each of the 51 jurisdictions (50 states and the District of Columbia). A structural equation model was fit to estimate the relative contribution of the variables of interest to alcohol-related crashes. As expected, economic factors (e.g., unemployment rate, cost of alcohol) and alcohol outlet density were found highly relevant to the amount of alcohol teens consume and therefore to teens' impaired driving. Policies such as those regulating the age of bartenders, sellers, or servers; social host civil liability laws; dram shop laws; internal possession of alcohol laws; and fake identification laws do not appear to have the same impact on teens' alcohol-related crash ratios as other types of policies such as those regulating alcohol consumption or alcohol outlet density. This effort illustrates the need for comprehensive models of teens' impaired driving. After simultaneously accounting for as many factors as possible, we found that in general (for most communities) further reductions in alcohol-related crashes among teens might be more rapidly achieved from efforts focused on reducing teens' drinking rather than on reducing teens' driving. Future efforts should be made to develop models that represent specific communities. Based on this and community-specific models, simulation programs can be developed to help communities understand and visualize the impact of various policy alternatives. Copyright © 2015

75 FR 76692 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Small Business Impacts of Motor Vehicle Safety

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

..., 510, 511, 512, 520, 523, 525, 526, and 571 [Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0159] Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Small Business Impacts of Motor Vehicle Safety AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety... that specifically relate to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers...

Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems Projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-02-01

The Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) program consists of a range of advanced technologies and concepts which, in combination, can improve mobility and transportation productivity, enhance safety, maximize the use of existing transportation ...

23 CFR 1250.4 - Determining local share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... activities, traffic court programs, traffic records system improvements, upgrading emergency medical services, pedestrian safety activities, improved traffic enforcement, alcohol countermeasures, highway debris removal...

Motor vehicle safety, health care, and taxes. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.

PubMed

1994-01-01

Motor vehicle injuries are a major public health problem. They are a primary cause of: 1) death and injury in the United States; and 2) result in a substantial loss of productive life. These injuries and fatalities have serious social and economic consequences for the injured individual, their families, and society. This report focuses on the portion of health care expense borne by the public and the tax revenue implications of these injuries and fatalities. The relationship between motor vehicle injuries and fatalities, health care costs, and income taxes was analyzed for four situations: 1) 1990 baseline; 2) achievement of modest goals for safety improvements; 3) population growth with constant injury and fatality rates; and 4) the effect of higher injury and fatality rates. Total health care costs, publicly funded health care costs, lost income tax revenue, and increased public assistance were estimated at the [U.S.] federal level, and at the state and local level. Study of these relationships indicate that: 1) the lifetime economic cost of motor vehicle injuries, fatalities, and property damage that occurred in 1990 is $137.5 billion. American taxpayers will pay $11.4 billion of that total to cover publicly funded health care ($3.7 billion), reduced income tax revenue ($6.1 billion), and increased public assistance expenses ($1.6 billion); 2) the lifetime economic cost of alcohol-related, motor vehicle injuries, fatalities, and property damage that occurred in 1990 was $46.1 billion. Of this, the American taxpayer will pay $1.4 billion to cover publicly funded health care and $3.8 billion to cover reduced income tax revenue and increased public assistance; 3) reducing the percentage of the alcohol-related portion of these fatalities from 45% to 43% (1,200 lives saved), and alcohol-related injuries by a proportionate amount, would save American taxpayers $73 million in publicly funded health care and $208 million in income taxes and public assistance; 4) by

Driver fatigue and highway driving: a simulator study.

PubMed

Ting, Ping-Huang; Hwang, Jiun-Ren; Doong, Ji-Liang; Jeng, Ming-Chang

2008-06-09

Long duration of driving is a significant cause of fatigue-related accidents on motorways or major roadways. The fatigue caused by driving for extended periods acutely impairs driver alertness and performance and can compromise transportation safety. This study quantitatively measured the progression of driver fatigue and identified the conservative safe duration of continuous highway driving. Thirty young male subjects were analyzed during 90 min of laboratory-simulated highway driving. Sleepiness ratings (SSS) and reaction time (RT) tests were used to assess impairment of driver alertness and vigilance. Additionally, various measures of driving performance recorded throughout the experiment were used to measure temporal deterioration of driver performance from alert to fatigued using principal component analysis (PCA). The analytical results revealed that SSS scores, reaction times (RTs) and unstable driving performance significantly increased over time, indicating that excessive driving time is a significant fatigue factor and potential cause of fatigue-related accidents. Moreover, the analytical results indicated that 80 min was the safe limit for monotonous highway driving. Based on the experimental findings of this study, public awareness of the adverse affects of driver fatigue during long-distance driving should be enhanced. This study provides explicit information of fatigue development that can be used to prevent fatigue-related accidents.

Minimum prices for alcohol and educational disparities in alcohol-related mortality.

PubMed

Herttua, Kimmo; Mäkelä, Pia; Martikainen, Pekka

2015-05-01

Minimum price of alcohol is one of the proposed set of alcohol policies in many high-income countries. However, the extent to which alcohol-related harm is associated with minimum prices across socioeconomic groups is not known. Using Finnish national registers in 1988-2007, we investigated, by means of time-series analysis, the association between minimum prices for alcohol overall, as well as for various types of alcoholic beverages, and alcohol-related mortality, among men and women ages 30-79 years across three educational groups. We defined quarterly aggregations of alcohol-related deaths, based on a sample including 80% of all deaths, in accordance with information on both underlying and contributory causes of death. About 62,500 persons died from alcohol-related causes during the 20-year follow-up. The alcohol-related mortality rate was more than threefold higher among those with a basic education than among those with a tertiary education. Among men with a basic education, an increase of 1% in the minimum price of alcohol was associated with a decrease of 0.03% (95% confidence interval = 0.01, 0.04%) in deaths per 100,000 person-years. Changes in the minimum prices of distilled spirits, intermediate products, and strong beer were also associated with changes in the opposite direction among men with a basic education and among women with a secondary education, whereas among the most highly educated there were no associations between the minimum prices of any beverages and mortality. Moreover, we found no evidence of an association between lower minimum prices for wine and higher rates of alcohol-related mortality in any of the population sub-groups. The results reveal associations between higher minimum prices and lower alcohol-related mortality among men with a basic education and women with a secondary education for all beverage types except wine.

Distress of Routine Activities and Perceived Safety Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress, Depression, and Alcohol Use: 2002 Washington, DC, Sniper Attacks.

PubMed

Fullerton, Carol S; Herberman Mash, Holly B; Benevides, K Nikki; Morganstein, Joshua C; Ursano, Robert J

2015-10-01

For over 3 weeks in October 2002, a series of sniper attacks in the Washington, DC, area left 10 people dead and 3 wounded. This study examined the relationship of distress associated with routine activities and perceived safety to psychological and behavioral responses. Participants were 1238 residents of the Washington, DC, metropolitan area (aged 18 to 90 years, mean=41.7 years) who completed an Internet survey including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and items pertaining to distress related to routine activities, perceived safety, and alcohol use. Data were collected at one time point approximately 3 weeks after the first sniper shooting and before apprehension of the suspects. Relationships of distress and perceived safety to post-traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, and increased alcohol use were examined by using linear and logistic regression analyses. Approximately 8% of the participants met the symptom criteria for probable post-traumatic stress disorder, 22% reported mild to severe depression, and 4% reported increased alcohol use during the attacks. Distress related to routine activities and perceived safety were associated with increased post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Distress and perceived safety are associated with specific routine activities and both contribute to psychological and behavioral responses during a terrorist attack. These findings have implications for targeted information dissemination and risk communication by community leaders.

23 CFR 1205.3 - Identification of National Priority Program Areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... to guidelines issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the review procedure set forth in § 1205.4: (1) Alcohol and Other Drug Countermeasures (2) Police Traffic Services (3....3 Section 1205.3 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY...

[Neuropsychological deficits in alcoholics: some implications for road safety].

PubMed

Garrido, M J; Fernández-Guinea, S

There are various published studies showing that chronic alcoholics present cognitive deficit. In this conference we would like to review the most actual studies focusing on the neuropsychological alterations as consequences of the long and abusive alcohol intake. We also will analyse the involvement of these deficit in a complex task as driving. The long and abusive alcohol intake produces an affectation of the central nervous system. We could observe its consequences both in short and long term. Attention and memory deficit and a slowness of information processing are very common. However, complete neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation programs are convenient. This is an important topic if we consider the high number of traffic accidents in which alcohol intake is one of the possible causes. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the persons working daily with a car, such as taxi or bus drivers, especially those of them who are alcoholics in abstinence, chronic alcoholics and people who suffer from alcohol abuse. The control of this situation and the publicity about neuropsychological sequels of alcoholism could contribute in an efficient way towards safety in road.

Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and perceived safety after the terrorist attack on the pentagon.

PubMed

Grieger, Thomas A; Fullerton, Carol S; Ursano, Robert J

2003-10-01

The authors examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use, and perceptions of safety in a sample of survivors of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the Pentagon. Analyses were conducted to examine the effect of past traumatic experience, trauma exposure, initial emotional response, and peritraumatic dissociation on probable PTSD, substance use, and perceived safety among 77 survivors seven months after the attack. Eleven respondents (14 percent) had PTSD. Those with PTSD reported higher levels of initial emotional response and peritraumatic dissociation. Ten respondents (13 percent) reported increased use of alcohol. Women were more than five times as likely as men to have PTSD and almost seven times as likely to report increased use of alcohol. Persons with higher peritraumatic dissociation were more likely to develop PTSD and report increased alcohol use. Those with lower perceived safety at seven months had higher initial emotional response and greater peritraumatic dissociation and were more likely to have PTSD, to have increased alcohol use, and to be female. The association of perceived safety with gender, the presence of PTSD, and increased alcohol use among survivors of the terrorist attack on the Pentagon warrants further study.

USDOT Federal Railroad Administration's third research needs workshop on highway-rail grade crossing safety and trespass prevention : Volume I - summary of results

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

On July 14-16, 2009 the John A. Volpe National Transportation Center hosted the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA) Third Research Needs Workshop on Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety and Trespas...

Alcohol and alcohol-related harm in China: policy changes needed

PubMed Central

Tang, Yi-lang; Xiang, Xiao-jun; Wang, Xu-yi; Cubells, Joseph F; Babor, Thomas F

2013-01-01

Abstract In China, alcohol consumption is increasing faster than anywhere else in the world. A steady increase in alcohol production has also been observed in the country, together with a rise in alcohol-related harm. Despite these trends, China’s policies on the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages are weak compared with those of other countries in Asia. Weakest of all are its policies on taxation, drink driving laws, alcohol sale to minors and marketing licenses. The authors of this descriptive paper draw attention to the urgent need for public health professionals and government officials in China to prioritize population surveillance, research and interventions designed to reduce alcohol use disorders. They describe China’s current alcohol policies and recent trends in alcohol-related harm and highlight the need for health officials to conduct a thorough policy review from a public health perspective, using as a model the World Health Organization’s global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. PMID:23599550

Development of Prototype Driver Models for Highway Design: Research Update

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

One of the high-priority research areas of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is the development of the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). The goal of the IHSDM research program is to develop a systematic approach that will allow...

An analysis of ultimate performance measures to determine total project impact of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project : progress report #4.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-01-01

The Fairfax ASAP, one of 35 federally funded alcohol countermeasure projects designed to attack the problem of drunken drivers on the highways, was implemented at the community level in January 1972. This report summarizes the results of data obtaine...

Experimental evaluation of second-generation alcohol safety-interlock systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

Author's absract: This report documents the results of laboratory testing of four "second-generation" alcohol safety-interlock systems. As a group, these systems were found to produce appreciable discrimination between sober and intoxicated subjects.

Personality and Alcohol-Related Outcomes among Mandated College Students: Descriptive Norms, Injunctive Norms, and College-Related Alcohol Beliefs as Mediators

PubMed Central

Pearson, Matthew R.; Hustad, John T. P.

2014-01-01

The present study examined three alcohol-perception variables (descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and college-related alcohol beliefs) as mediators of the predictive effects of four personality traits (impulsivity, sensation seeking, anxiety sensitivity, and hopelessness) on alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences in a sample of mandated college students (n = 875). Our findings replicated several findings of a previous study of incoming freshman college students (Hustad et al., in press) in that impulsivity and hopelessness had direct effects on alcohol-related problems, sensation seeking and impulsivity had indirect effects on alcohol-related outcomes via college-related alcohol beliefs, and college-related alcohol beliefs predicted both alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. We discuss the implications of our findings for global college student interventions as well as personality-targeted interventions. PMID:24589869

Safety improvement from edge lines on rural two-lane highways (with three-years before and one-year after crash data analysis).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

The previous study Impact of Edge Lines on Safety of Rural Two-Lane Highways completed in 2005 concluded: with edge lines, centralization of vehicles positions is more apparent during night time, which reduces the risk of run-off road (ROR) and he...

Status report on the effects of the 65 mph speed limit on Virginia's rural interstate highway system : submitted to the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety from the Secretarial Task Force on Interstate Highway Speed limits.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-01-01

In 1987, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety created a task force to study the potential effects of raising the speed limit on rural interstate highways in Virginia. In its 1988 session, the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation ...

Roadway safety design workbook.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-07-01

Highway safety is an ongoing concern to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its : proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety : analyses earlier in the project developm...

Summary of the Department of Transportation Rail-Highway Crossing Accident Prediction Formulas and Resource Model

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-09-01

The Highway Safety Acts of 1973 and 1976, and the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978, provide funding authorizations to individual states to improve safety at public rail-highway crossings. The installation of active motorist warning devic...

Alcohol and highway safety : a special report on race/ethnicity and impaired driving : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

The report examined in this edition of "Traffic Tech" reviews the state of knowledge of alcohol-impaired : driving among major racial and ethnic groups : living in the United States. Although it primarily focuses : on the relationship between impaire...

Safety status of farm tractors that operate on public highways in four rural Kentucky counties.

PubMed

Cole, H P; Piercy, L R; Heinz, K L; Westneat, S C; Arrowsmith, H E; Raymond, K M

2009-07-01

Kentucky FFA students inspected 153 farm tractors for safety features that prevent operator injuries during tractor overturns, highway collisions, runovers, and power take-off (PTO) entanglements. Tractor mean age was 23.6 years (SD = 20.9). Rollover protective structures (ROPS) were present on 50.66% of tractors, but only 33.33% of these had functional seatbelts. Loose and damaged seats were found on 30.46% of tractors. In 38.99% of cases, tractor rear-wheel fenders exposed operators to moving tractor tires, and 48.67% of tractors had dangerously worn or damaged tires. Tractors with a narrow front-end stance comprised 16.11% of the total. Only 53.06% of the tractors had starters with secure hard cover by-pass starting shields that fully covered the starter terminals, and 37.37% had fully exposed terminals with no cover. PTO master shields with all parts present and undamaged were present on only 29.27% of the tractors, and in 39.02% of cases the entire shield was missing. Only 44.67% of the tractors had properly mounted and fully functional mounting and dismounting access steps and handholds. SMV emblems were missing on 53.64% of tractors and in the proper place and condition in only 25.83% of cases. Tractors with properly mounted and fully functional head and tail lights comprised 40.94% of the sample, and tractors with no functional lights comprised 24.16%. Properly mounted, clean, and functional rearview mirrors were present on only 19.87% of the tractors, and 69.54% had no rearview mirrors. The project increased farming and non-farming students' awareness of tractor safety issues, provided empirical data about the safety status of a sample of tractors that frequently travel public highways in four rural Kentucky farming counties, and promoted dialog about these issues with adult farmers and other community members with whom the students interacted.

Alcohol prevention strategies on college campuses and student alcohol abuse and related problems.

PubMed

Ringwalt, Christopher L; Paschall, Mallie J; Gitelman, Amy M

2011-01-01

This study examined the relationship between colleges' alcohol abuse prevention strategies and students' alcohol abuse and related problems. Alcohol prevention coordinators and first year students in 22 colleges reported whether their schools were implementing 48 strategies in six domains, and students (N = 2041) completed another survey concerning their use of alcohol and related consequences. Colleges were most likely to prevent alcohol use in public places on campus and the delivery and use of kegs. Four alcohol prevention domains were inversely associated with at least one of five outcomes related to student alcohol abuse or related consequences, and the alcohol policy and enforcement domain was inversely associated with all outcomes. Colleges should pay particular attention to strategies related to policy and enforcement.

Parental History of Anxiety and Alcohol-Use Disorders and Alcohol Expectancies as Predictors of Alcohol-Related Problems*

PubMed Central

Morean, Meghan E.; Corbin, William R.; Sinha, Rajita; O'Malley, Stephanie S.

2009-01-01

Objective: Research has consistently identified a family history of alcoholism as a risk factor for alcohol-related problems, and global positive expectancies have been found to moderate this association. High rates of comorbidity between alcohol use and anxiety disorders suggest that a family history of anxiety disorders may also increase risk. Further, expectations of negative reinforcement (e.g., tension reduction) have been found to moderate the influence of anxiety-related traits. The current study sought to extend previous research by examining the influence of parental history of alcoholism, anxiety disorders, and the combination, as predictors of alcohol-related problems. Expectancies of global positive changes and tension reduction were hypothesized to moderate the influence of parental history of alcoholism and anxiety, respectively. Method: Direct interviews with parents assessed their history of alcoholism and anxiety for 144 offspring (ages 18-32; 53.5% male) creating four groups: those with a parental history of alcoholism (27.80%), anxiety (22.20%), both alcoholism and anxiety (33.30%), and no history of psychopathology (16.70%). Established measures assessed the offsprings'alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems. Results: Although expected interactions between parental alcoholism and global positive expectancies and between parental anxiety and tension-reduction expectancies were not found, global positive expectancies were associated with alcohol-related problems among the group with parental history of both alcoholism and anxiety. Conclusions: The results suggest that the relation between parental history of alcoholism and global positive expectancies observed in previous studies may be strongest among individuals with a comorbid parental history of alcohol and anxiety disorders. Incorporating expectancies into interventions targeting individuals with a comorbid parental history of alcohol and anxiety disorders may have

Intelligent transportation systems at highway-rail intersections : a cross-cutting study : improving safety and mobility at highway-rail grade crossings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

In 1997, the ITS Joint Program Office (JPO) at the Federal Highway Administration commissioned a study to identify projects being conducted in the U.S. that used Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) at highway-rail grade crossings, including not ...

Exploring college students' use of general and alcohol-related social media and their associations with alcohol-related behaviors.

PubMed

Hoffman, Eric W; Pinkleton, Bruce E; Weintraub Austin, Erica; Reyes-Velázquez, Wanda

2014-01-01

Alcohol marketers have increasingly moved their advertising efforts into digital and social media venues. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate associations between students' use of social media, their exposure to alcohol marketing messages through social media, and their alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors. Public and private university students (N = 637) participated November and December 2011 and April 2012. College students completed online surveys to measure their exposure to social and online media generally, as well as their alcohol-related digital media use and alcohol use. Use of social media related to alcohol marketing predicted alcohol consumption and engaging in risky behaviors, whereas the use of social media more generally did not. Students' use of alcohol-related social media-marketing content associates with their problem drinking. Results have implications for alcohol abuse reduction efforts targeted at college students and suggest the importance of considering social, cultural, and cognitive factors in campaign planning and design.

Indiana state highway cost allocation and revenue attribution study and estimation of travel by out\\0x2010of\\0x2010state vehicles on Indiana highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

This study was commissioned by INDOT to investigate the cost responsibility and the revenue contribution of highway users with regard to the : upkeep of Indianas state and local highway infrastructure (pavements, bridges, safety assets, and mobili...

Spatial relationships between alcohol-related road crashes and retail alcohol availability.

PubMed

Morrison, Christopher; Ponicki, William R; Gruenewald, Paul J; Wiebe, Douglas J; Smith, Karen

2016-05-01

This study examines spatial relationships between alcohol outlet density and the incidence of alcohol-related crashes. The few prior studies conducted in this area used relatively large spatial units; here we use highly resolved units from Melbourne, Australia (Statistical Area level 1 [SA1] units: mean land area=0.5 km(2); SD=2.2 km(2)), in order to assess different micro-scale spatial relationships for on- and off-premise outlets. Bayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson models were used to assess cross-sectional relationships of three-year counts of alcohol-related crashes (2010-2012) attended by Ambulance Victoria paramedics to densities of bars, restaurants, and off-premise outlets controlling for other land use, demographic and roadway characteristics. Alcohol-related crashes were not related to bar density within local SA1 units, but were positively related to bar density in adjacent SA1 units. Alcohol-related crashes were negatively related to off-premise outlet density in local SA1 units. Examined in one metropolitan area using small spatial units, bar density is related to greater crash risk in surrounding areas. Observed negative relationships for off-premise outlets may be because the origins and destinations of alcohol-affected journeys are in distal locations relative to outlets. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alcohol industry sponsorship and alcohol-related harms in Australian university sportspeople/athletes.

PubMed

O'Brien, Kerry S; Lynott, Dermot; Miller, Peter G

2013-05-01

Although there is evidence that alcohol sponsorship in sport is related to greater drinking, there is no empirical research on whether alcohol sponsorship is associated with alcohol-related harms. We examined whether there is an association between receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship, and attendance at alcohol sponsor's drinking establishments (e.g. bars), and alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in university students who play sport. University sportspeople (n = 652) completed surveys (response rate >80%) assessing receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship, attendance at sponsor's establishments and confounders [i.e. age, gender, sport type, location and alcohol consumption measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test--alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) scores]. Participants also completed measures assessing displays and receipt of aggressive and antisocial behaviours (e.g. assaults, unwanted sexual advance, vandalism). Logistic regression models including confounders and reported attendance at alcohol sponsor's establishments showed that sportspeople receiving alcohol industry sponsorship were more likely to have been the victim of aggression (adjusted odds ratio 2.62, 95% confidence interval 1.22-5.64). Attending an alcohol sponsor's establishment was not associated with higher rates of other aggressive or antisocial behaviour. However, significant associations where found between AUDIT-C scores and having displayed and received aggression, and having damaged or had property damaged. Male sportspeople were more likely to have displayed and received aggressive and antisocial behaviour. Higher AUDIT-C scores, gender and receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship were associated with alcohol-related aggression/antisocial behaviours in university sportspeople. Sport administrators should consider action to reduce the harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol industry sponsorship in sport. © 2012 Australasian Professional

An analysis of problem drinker diagnosis and referral within the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project, 1972.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

This report is one of a series developed in conformance with annual reporting requirements contained within Alcohol Safety Action Projects: Evaluation. In February 1972, operations of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project began and these federall...

Temporal distribution of alcohol related facial fractures.

PubMed

Lee, Kai H; Qiu, Michael; Sun, Jiandong

2017-11-01

This study aimed to address 2 important aspects of temporal pattern in alcohol-related facial fractures: (1) comparison of temporal pattern of alcohol-related facial fracture (alcohol group) presentation with non-alcohol-related fracture (non-alcohol group) presentation; (2) temporal pattern of patient demographic characteristics, injury characteristics, and surgical management in the alcohol group presentation. This study retrospectively examined the Victorian admitted episodes data set (VAED) for the years 2010 to 2013. VAED is a standardized set of data collected during all hospital presentations in Victoria. The study found higher incidence of alcohol-related facial fracture presentations during weekends and during the summer and spring months compared with non-alcohol-related fractures (statistically significant). Alcohol-related facial fractures are more likely to involve male patients in the 20- to 29-year age group, occur as a result of interpersonal violence, and require shorter hospital stays during weekend admissions (statistically significant). No statistically significant relationship has been observed in seasonal variation across all variables. This study found distinct characteristics in temporal distribution of alcohol-related facial fractures. These characteristics are, in particular, significant in weekend trauma admissions. Such information is important in workforce planning, resource distribution, and implementation of injury prevention programs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Alcohol consumption, masculinity, and alcohol-related violence and anti-social behaviour in sportspeople.

PubMed

O'Brien, Kerry S; Forrest, Walter; Greenlees, Iain; Rhind, Daniel; Jowett, Sophia; Pinsky, Ilana; Espelt, Albert; Bosque-Prous, Marina; Sonderlund, Anders Larrabee; Vergani, Matteo; Iqbal, Muhammad

2018-04-01

There is no research examining alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour in UK or European sportspeople (athletes), and no research has examined relationships between masculinity, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in sportspeople (athletes). This study addresses this gap. Cross-sectional. A sample (N=2048; women=892, 44%) of in season sportspeople enrolled at UK universities (response 83%), completed measures of masculinity, alcohol consumption, within-sport (on-field) violence, and having been the perpetrator and/or victim of alcohol-related violent/aggressive and antisocial behaviour (e.g., hit/assaulted, vandalism, sexual assault). Logistic regressions examined predictors of alcohol-related violence/aggression and anti-social behaviours. Significant bivariate relationships between masculinity, within-sport violence, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour were found for both men and women (p's<.001). Logistic regression adjusting for all variables showed that higher levels of masculinity and alcohol consumption in men and women were related to an increased odds of having conducted an aggressive, violent and/or anti-social act in the past 12 months when intoxicated. Odds ratios were largest for relationships between masculinity, alcohol consumption, within-sport violence, and interpersonal violence/aggression (p's<.001). A similar pattern of results was found for having been the victim of aggression and anti-social behaviour. Alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour appear to be problematic in UK university sportspeople, and is related to masculinity and excessive drinking. Interventions that reduce excessive alcohol consumption, masculine norms and associated within-sport violence, could be effective in reducing alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in UK sportspeople. Copyright © 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All

Association between alcohol-impaired driving enforcement-related strategies and alcohol-impaired driving.

PubMed

Sanem, Julia R; Erickson, Darin J; Rutledge, Patricia C; Lenk, Kathleen M; Nelson, Toben F; Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Toomey, Traci L

2015-05-01

All states in the U.S. prohibit alcohol-impaired driving but active law enforcement is necessary for effectively reducing this behavior. Sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, open container laws, and media campaigns related to enforcement efforts are all enforcement-related strategies for reducing alcohol-impaired driving. We conducted surveys of all state patrol agencies and a representative sample of local law enforcement agencies to assess their use of alcohol-impaired driving enforcement-related strategies and to determine the relationship between these enforcement-related strategies and self-reported alcohol-impaired driving behavior obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We found that sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, and enforcement of open container laws were associated with a lower prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving but, more importantly, a combination of enforcement-related strategies was associated with a greater decrease in alcohol-impaired driving than any individual enforcement-related activity. In addition, alcohol-impaired driving enforcement-related strategies were associated with decreased alcohol-impaired driving above and beyond their association with decreased binge drinking. Results suggest law enforcement agencies should give greater priority to using a combination of strategies rather than relying on any one individual enforcement activity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Driver injury severity related to inclement weather at highway-rail grade crossings in the United States.

PubMed

Hao, Wei; Daniel, Janice

2016-01-01

Previous studies on crash modeling at highway-rail grade crossings were aimed at exploring the factors that are likely to increase the crash frequencies at highway-rail grade crossings. In recent years, modeling driver's injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings has received interest. Because there were substantial differences among different weather conditions for driver's injury severity, this study attempts to explore the impact of weather influence on driver injury at highway-rail grade crossing. Utilizing the most recent 10 years (2002-2011) of highway-rail grade crossing accident data, this study applied a mixed logit model to explore the determinants of driver injury severity under different weather conditions at highway-rail grade crossing. Analysis results indicate that drivers' injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings is strongly different for different weather conditions. It was found that the factors significantly impacting driver injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings include motor vehicle speed, train speed, driver's age, gender, area type, lighting condition, highway pavement, traffic volume, and time of day. The findings of this study indicate that crashes are more prevalent if vehicle drivers are driving at high speed or the oncoming trains are high speed. Hence, a reduction in speed limit during inclement weather conditions could be particularly effective in moderating injury severity, allowing more reaction time for last-minute maneuvering and braking in moments before impacts. In addition, inclement weather-related crashes were more likely to occur in open areas and highway-rail grade crossings without pavement and lighting. Paved highway-rail grade crossings with installation of lights could be particularly effective in moderating injury severity.

Report to Congress on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ITS Program : program progress during 1992-1996 and strategic plan for 1997-2002

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

Congress recently requested the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Joint Program Office and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to update the 1992 ITS plan to deal with the fiscal year 1997 through fiscal year 2002 period, and...

49 CFR 27.75 - Federal Highway Administration-highways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Federal Highway Administration-highways. 27.75... Specific Operating Administration Programs: Airports, Railroads, and Highways § 27.75 Federal Highway Administration—highways. (a) New facilities—(1) Highway rest area facilities. All such facilities that will be...

49 CFR 27.75 - Federal Highway Administration-highways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Federal Highway Administration-highways. 27.75... Specific Operating Administration Programs: Airports, Railroads, and Highways § 27.75 Federal Highway Administration—highways. (a) New facilities—(1) Highway rest area facilities. All such facilities that will be...

49 CFR 27.75 - Federal Highway Administration-highways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Federal Highway Administration-highways. 27.75... Specific Operating Administration Programs: Airports, Railroads, and Highways § 27.75 Federal Highway Administration—highways. (a) New facilities—(1) Highway rest area facilities. All such facilities that will be...

49 CFR 27.75 - Federal Highway Administration-highways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Federal Highway Administration-highways. 27.75... Specific Operating Administration Programs: Airports, Railroads, and Highways § 27.75 Federal Highway Administration—highways. (a) New facilities—(1) Highway rest area facilities. All such facilities that will be...

49 CFR 27.75 - Federal Highway Administration-highways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Federal Highway Administration-highways. 27.75... Specific Operating Administration Programs: Airports, Railroads, and Highways § 27.75 Federal Highway Administration—highways. (a) New facilities—(1) Highway rest area facilities. All such facilities that will be...

Safety issues involving marine containers on chassis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This study performed by The University of Tennessee investigated safety related problems involving chassis used for transporting marine containers on US highways. In recent years, much concern has arisen regarding the safety implications of allegedly...

Fatal accidents in nighttime vs. daytime highway construction work zones.

PubMed

Arditi, David; Lee, Dong-Eun; Polat, Gul

2007-01-01

Awareness about worker safety in nighttime construction has been a major concern because it is believed that nighttime construction creates hazardous work conditions. However, only a few studies provide valuable comparative information about accident characteristics of nighttime and daytime highway construction activities. This study investigates fatal accidents that occurred in Illinois highway work zones in the period 1996-2001 in order to determine the safety differences between nighttime and daytime highway construction. The lighting and weather conditions were included into the study as control parameters to see their effects on the frequency of fatal accidents occurring in work zones. According to this study, there is evidence that nighttime construction is more hazardous than daytime construction. The inclusion of a weather parameter into the analysis has limited effect on this finding. The study justifies establishing an efficient work zone accident reporting system and taking all necessary measures to enhance safety in nighttime work zones.

Assessing the impacts of Saskatchewan's minimum alcohol pricing regulations on alcohol-related crime.

PubMed

Stockwell, Tim; Zhao, Jinhui; Sherk, Adam; Callaghan, Russell C; Macdonald, Scott; Gatley, Jodi

2017-07-01

Saskatchewan's introduction in April 2010 of minimum prices graded by alcohol strength led to an average minimum price increase of 9.1% per Canadian standard drink (=13.45 g ethanol). This increase was shown to be associated with reduced consumption and switching to lower alcohol content beverages. Police also informally reported marked reductions in night-time alcohol-related crime. This study aims to assess the impacts of changes to Saskatchewan's minimum alcohol-pricing regulations between 2008 and 2012 on selected crime events often related to alcohol use. Data were obtained from Canada's Uniform Crime Reporting Survey. Auto-regressive integrated moving average time series models were used to test immediate and lagged associations between minimum price increases and rates of night-time and police identified alcohol-related crimes. Controls were included for simultaneous crime rates in the neighbouring province of Alberta, economic variables, linear trend, seasonality and autoregressive and/or moving-average effects. The introduction of increased minimum-alcohol prices was associated with an abrupt decrease in night-time alcohol-related traffic offences for men (-8.0%, P < 0.001), but not women. No significant immediate changes were observed for non-alcohol-related driving offences, disorderly conduct or violence. Significant monthly lagged effects were observed for violent offences (-19.7% at month 4 to -18.2% at month 6), which broadly corresponded to lagged effects in on-premise alcohol sales. Increased minimum alcohol prices may contribute to reductions in alcohol-related traffic-related and violent crimes perpetrated by men. Observed lagged effects for violent incidents may be due to a delay in bars passing on increased prices to their customers, perhaps because of inventory stockpiling. [Stockwell T, Zhao J, Sherk A, Callaghan RC, Macdonald S, Gatley J. Assessing the impacts of Saskatchewan's minimum alcohol pricing regulations on alcohol-related

A system review of the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program : executive summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

In March 1979, the Virginia General Assembly gave the Virginia Department of Transportation Safety (VDTS) the power and responsibility to make binding policy and set standards for the local Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Projects across the state. In...

23 CFR 752.5 - Safety rest areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Safety rest areas. 752.5 Section 752.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT LANDSCAPE AND ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT § 752.5 Safety rest areas. (a) Safety rest areas should provide facilities reasonably necessary...

23 CFR 752.5 - Safety rest areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Safety rest areas. 752.5 Section 752.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT LANDSCAPE AND ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT § 752.5 Safety rest areas. (a) Safety rest areas should provide facilities reasonably necessary...

23 CFR 752.5 - Safety rest areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Safety rest areas. 752.5 Section 752.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT LANDSCAPE AND ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT § 752.5 Safety rest areas. (a) Safety rest areas should provide facilities reasonably necessary...

23 CFR 752.5 - Safety rest areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Safety rest areas. 752.5 Section 752.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT LANDSCAPE AND ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT § 752.5 Safety rest areas. (a) Safety rest areas should provide facilities reasonably necessary...

23 CFR 752.5 - Safety rest areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Safety rest areas. 752.5 Section 752.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT LANDSCAPE AND ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT § 752.5 Safety rest areas. (a) Safety rest areas should provide facilities reasonably necessary...

Quantification of alcohol-related mortality in Sweden.

PubMed

Sjögren, H; Eriksson, A; Broström, G; Ahlm, K

2000-01-01

The main aim of the present study was to estimate total alcohol-related mortality in Sweden. For natural deaths, a meta-analysis carried out in Australia was updated to the end of March 1998, and pooled estimates of the relative risks were calculated for different diseases based on data from scientific studies that have been published in the international literature. The proportion of current alcohol drinkers from recent Swedish surveys, and the pooled relative risk estimates were used to estimate disease-specific alcohol-attributable fractions. Natural deaths 'caused' or 'prevented' by alcohol were estimated for the period 1992-1996. For unnatural deaths, all cases from 1992 through 1996 in Sweden were analysed (n = 23 132). Alcohol was regarded to attribute to the death: if the deceased was a 'known alcoholic'; if the underlying or contributing cause of death was alcohol-related; if the deceased had an alcohol-related in-patient diagnosis during a 3-year period prior to death; if the case tested positive for blood alcohol. Person years of life lost/gained (<70 years) due to alcohol were also assessed. The assumptions underlying the attributable risk methods used to analyse alcohol-related mortality due to natural causes need to be borne in mind when interpreting the results on natural deaths. Moreover, the preventive effect of alcohol on coronary heart disease and stroke is still controversial. The findings of alcohol-related mortality due to unnatural causes were much more reliable. About 3.5% of deaths were attributed to alcohol; alcohol involvement was more than twice as common in deaths of males (4.8%) than in those of females (2.0%). About one-quarter of the deaths in those aged below 50 years were attributed to alcohol. In those (alcohol had a net harmful effect in that it 'caused' more deaths than it 'prevented'; 7% of deaths were in net 'caused'. More person years of life were in net lost than were saved by alcohol, suggesting that alcohol

Rail-Highway Crossing Resource Allocation Model

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-04-01

This report describes a methodology developed at the Transportation Systems Center for the Federal Railroad Administration and the Federal Highway Administration to aid in determining the most effective allocation of funds to improve safety at rail-h...

Impact of Alcohol Tax Increase on Maryland College Students' Alcohol-Related Outcomes.

PubMed

Smart, Mieka J; Yearwood, Safiya S; Hwang, Seungyoung; Thorpe, Roland J; Furr-Holden, C Debra

2018-05-12

This study A) assessed whether levels of alcohol-related disciplinary actions on college campuses changed among MD college students after the 2011 Maryland (MD) state alcohol tax increase from 6% to 9%, and B) determined which school-level factors impacted the magnitude of changes detected. A quasi-experimental interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of panel data containing alcohol-related disciplinary actions on 33 MD college campuses in years 2006-2013. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine whether there was a statistically significant difference in counts of alcohol-related disciplinary actions comparing time before and after the tax increase. The ITS anaysis showed an insignificant relationship between alcohol-related disciplinary actions and tax implementation (β = -.27; p =.257) but indicated that alcohol-related disciplinary actions decreased significantly over the time under study (β = -.05; p =.022). Alcohol related disciplinary actions did decrease over time in the years of study, and this relationship was correlated with several school-level characteristics, including school price, school funding type, types of degrees awarded, and specialty. School price may serve as a proxy mediator or confounder of the effect of time on disciplinary actions.

Low volume highway-rail grade crossing treatments for the Oregon high speed rail corridor : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-04-01

This study defines how to gather information and how to obtain the communication and response necessary for safety at highway-rail crossings. It examines technologies for low-cost, high-safety treatments for low volume (less than 200 ADT) highway cro...

Speeding in highway work zone: An Evaluation of methods of speed control.

PubMed

Ravani, Bahram; Wang, Chao

2018-04-01

Highway workers frequently work in close proximity of live traffic in highway work zones, traffic accidents therefore have devastating effects on worker safety. In order to reduce the potential for such accidents, methods involving use of advisory signs and police presence have been used to mitigate accident risks and improve safety for highway workers. This research evaluates the magnitude of the speeding problem in highway work zones and the effects of four levels of police presence on improving work zone safety. Speed data were collected in six different work zone locations in northern and southern California and used to determine the magnitude and nature of speeding problem in highway work zones. In addition data were collected over 11 test-days in four work zones with four levels of police presence: radar speed display with police decal and lighting, passive use of a police vehicle with radar speed display, passive use of a police vehicle without radar speed display, and active police speed enforcement near work zones. This paper analyzes this data using statistical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of these different methods of speed control on the safety of the work zone. Four Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) were used in this evaluation consisting of average speed reduction, speed variance, 85th percentile speed, and proportion of high speed vehicles. The results indicate that all levels of police presence provided statistically significant improvements in one or more of the MOEs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vehicle accidents in highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and characteristics of safety problems, in terms of reported accidents, that are associated with moving vehicular traffic around and through highway work zones. This was accomplished by exami...

Alcohol-related road traffic accidents before and after the passing of the Road Traffic Safety Act in Croatia.

PubMed

Missoni, Eduard; Bozić, Boris; Missoni, Ivan

2012-12-01

The aim of this study was to gather enough data in order to formulate theory- and research-based recommendations to policy makers with the intention of decreasing the number of alcohol-related accidents and victims on Croatian roads. The data on the injured traffic participants and the share of participants under the influence of alcohol were collected from the police reports of the Traffic Police Department, Ministry of the Interior, written at the scene of the respective accidents. This documentation was then processed by descriptive epidemiology and analysed through a four-year period, before and after the passing of the New Road Traffic Safety Act in the Republic of Croatia, on 20 August 2004. In the first six months of 2005, after the passing of the Act, there were 3,275 accidents caused by the motorists under the influence of alcohol (12.5% of all the accidents), with 64 persons killed. Only 5 fatalities (8%) were caused by the drivers with measured blood alcohol concentration of up to 0.5 per thousand. As much as 27 fatalities (42%) were caused by the drivers with measured more than 1.5 per thousand, while half of the fatalities, 32 (50%), were caused by drivers with 0.5-1.5 per thousand. In this period, more than 451,000 violations were recorded, whereas in the same period of the previous year, the number of violations was about 519,000. A reduction of the total number of accidents is the result of the new regulation provision, according to which the incidents without human victims do not have to be reported to the police. The number of traffic accidents caused by drivers under the influence of alcohol had increased by some dozen per cents, namely: 2005 - 6,219 persons, 2006- 6,590 persons, noting that in 2006 one less person was killed (123) compared to 2005. In 2005, drivers with alcohol concentration of 0-0.5 per thousand caused 1,096 accidents, with 14 fatalities, whereas in 2006 there were 1,164 accidents with 9 fatalities. A total of 2,314 accidents

The NHTSA & NCSDR program to combat drowsy driving : a report to the House and Senate Appropriations Committees describing collaboration between National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-03-15

In 1996, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) embarked on a congressionally mandated effort to develop educational countermeasures to the effects of fatigue, sleep disorders, and inattention on highway safety. In collaboration w...

A framework for a cost benefit analysis of the Fairfax County, Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-01-01

Cost-benefit analysis is sometimes a useful tool for evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of alternative courses of action. The first half of this study was an attempt to further the use of such analysis in the evaluation of a highway safety p...

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Passenger Safety, Grade 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains eight lessons for use in grade 2. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing communication methods for highway users,…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Bicycle Safety, Grade 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains ten lessons on bicycles for use in grade 2. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing communication methods for highway users,…

23 CFR 200.9 - State highway agency responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false State highway agency responsibilities. 200.9 Section 200.9 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.9 State highway agency...

Data and methods for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue, highway safety and long-term driver health.

PubMed

Stern, Hal S; Blower, Daniel; Cohen, Michael L; Czeisler, Charles A; Dinges, David F; Greenhouse, Joel B; Guo, Feng; Hanowski, Richard J; Hartenbaum, Natalie P; Krueger, Gerald P; Mallis, Melissa M; Pain, Richard F; Rizzo, Matthew; Sinha, Esha; Small, Dylan S; Stuart, Elizabeth A; Wegman, David H

2018-03-09

This article summarizes the recommendations on data and methodology issues for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue of a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study. A framework is provided that identifies the various factors affecting driver fatigue and relating driver fatigue to crash risk and long-term driver health. The relevant factors include characteristics of the driver, vehicle, carrier and environment. Limitations of existing data are considered and potential sources of additional data described. Statistical methods that can be used to improve understanding of the relevant relationships from observational data are also described. The recommendations for enhanced data collection and the use of modern statistical methods for causal inference have the potential to enhance our understanding of the relationship of fatigue to highway safety and to long-term driver health. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Highway median impacts on wildlife movement and mortality : state of the practice survey and gap analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-10-01

Highway median barriers are used to separate lanes of traffic and enhance motorist safety on freeways and multi-lane interstate highways. : Median barriers of all types have the potential to impede animal movements across highways. Barriers may also ...

Development of safety performance monitoring procedures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

Highway safety is an ongoing concern to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its : proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety : analyses earlier in the project developm...

Drug research methodology. Volume 4, Epidemiology in drugs and highway safety : the study of drug use among drivers and its role in traffic crashes

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-06-01

This report presents the findings of a workshop on epidemiology in drugs and highway safety. A cross-disciplinary panel of experts (1) identified methodological issues and constraints present in research to define the nature and magnitude of the drug...

Human Factors Countermeasures to Improve Highway-Railway Intersection Safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-07-01

A field demonstration study in support of the evaluation of alternative railway-highway grade crossing accident countermeasures was conducted. Guidelines were provided for the development of countermeasure concepts. Investigations of the causative fa...

Assuring Safety in Bus Transportation--Update on Federal Legislation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Craft, Nick

2003-01-01

Discusses the growing use of vans for transportation by child care centers and increasing concerns about van safety. Presents information on relevant federal legislation related to motor vehicle safety and the safety standards of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Recommends that child care programs replace retiring vans with…

Analytical methods in multivariate highway safety exposure data estimation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

Three general analytical techniques which may be of use in : extending, enhancing, and combining highway accident exposure data are : discussed. The techniques are log-linear modelling, iterative propor : tional fitting and the expectation maximizati...

Selecting exposure measures in crash rate prediction for two-lane highway segments.

PubMed

Qin, Xiao; Ivan, John N; Ravishanker, Nalini

2004-03-01

A critical part of any risk assessment is identifying how to represent exposure to the risk involved. Recent research shows that the relationship between crash count and traffic volume is non-linear; consequently, a simple crash rate computed as the ratio of crash count to volume is not proper for comparing the safety of sites with different traffic volumes. To solve this problem, we describe a new approach for relating traffic volume and crash incidence. Specifically, we disaggregate crashes into four types: (1) single-vehicle, (2) multi-vehicle same direction, (3) multi-vehicle opposite direction, and (4) multi-vehicle intersecting, and define candidate exposure measures for each that we hypothesize will be linear with respect to each crash type. This paper describes initial investigation using crash and physical characteristics data for highway segments in Michigan from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS). We use zero-inflated-Poisson (ZIP) modeling to estimate models for predicting counts for each of the above crash types as a function of the daily volume, segment length, speed limit and roadway width. We found that the relationship between crashes and the daily volume (AADT) is non-linear and varies by crash type, and is significantly different from the relationship between crashes and segment length for all crash types. Our research will provide information to improve accuracy of crash predictions and, thus, facilitate more meaningful comparison of the safety record of seemingly similar highway locations.

Highway Effects on Vehicle Performance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

A user-friendly model for personal computers, "Vehicle/Highway Performance Predictor," was developed to estimate fuel consumption and exhaust emissions related to modes of vehicle operations on highways of various configurations and traffic controls ...

49 CFR 800.25 - Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation... Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of Highway Safety, Office of Marine Safety... Offices of Aviation, Railroad, Highway, Marine, and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety, the authority...

49 CFR 800.25 - Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation... Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of Highway Safety, Office of Marine Safety... Offices of Aviation, Railroad, Highway, Marine, and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety, the authority...

49 CFR 800.25 - Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation... Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of Highway Safety, Office of Marine Safety... Offices of Aviation, Railroad, Highway, Marine, and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety, the authority...

49 CFR 800.25 - Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation... Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of Highway Safety, Office of Marine Safety... Offices of Aviation, Railroad, Highway, Marine, and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety, the authority...

49 CFR 800.25 - Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Office of Aviation Safety, Office of Railroad Safety, Office of Highway Safety, Office of Marine Safety... Offices of Aviation, Railroad, Highway, Marine, and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety, the authority... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Delegation to the Directors of Office of Aviation...

The gendered trouble with alcohol: young people managing alcohol related violence.

PubMed

Lindsay, Jo

2012-05-01

Alcohol related violence is a troubling backdrop to the social lives and relationships of many young people in post-industrial societies. The development of the night-time economy where young people are encouraged to drink heavily in entertainment precincts has increased the risk of violence. This paper reports on 60 individual structured in-depth interviews about the drinking biographies of young people (aged 20-24) living in Victoria, Australia. Twenty-six males and 34 females participated in the research. The participants discussed their experiences with alcohol over their life course to date. The material on alcohol related violence is analysed in this paper. Just over half of the participants (33/60) recounted negative experiences with alcohol related violence. The findings demonstrate the continuing gendered nature of experiences of perpetration and victimization. Participants reported that aggression and violence perpetrated by some men was fuelled by alcohol consumption and required ongoing management. Experiences of violence were also spatialized. Men were more likely to report managing and avoiding violence in particular public settings whilst more women than men discussed managing violence in domestic settings. The central argument of this paper is that incidents of alcohol related violence and reactions to it are specific gender performances that occur in specific socio-cultural contexts. In contrast to research which has found some young people enjoy the adventure and excitement of alcohol related violence the mainstream participants in this study saw violence as a negative force to be managed and preferably avoided. Understanding violence as a dynamic gender performance complicates the development of policy measures designed to minimize harm but also offers a more holistic approach to developing effective policy in this domain. There is a need for greater acknowledgement that alcohol related violence in public venues and in families is primarily about

Who initiates and organises situations for work-related alcohol use? The WIRUS culture study.

PubMed

Nordaune, Kristin; Skarpaas, Lisebet S; Sagvaag, Hildegunn; Haveraaen, Lise; Rimstad, Silje; Kinn, Liv G; Aas, Randi W

2017-12-01

Alcohol is one of the leading causes of ill health and premature death in the world. Several studies indicate that working life might influence employees' alcohol consumption and drinking patterns. The aim of this study was to explore work-related drinking situations, with a special focus on answering who initiates and organises these situations. Data were collected through semi-structured group interviews in six Norwegian companies from the private ( n=4) and public sectors ( n=2), employing a total of 3850 employees. The informants ( n=43) were representatives from management and local unions, safety officers, advisers from the social insurance office and human-resource personnel, health, safety and environment personnel, and members from the occupational environment committee. Both qualitative and quantitative content analyses were applied in the analyses of the material. Three different initiators and organisers were discovered: the employer, employees and external organisers. External organisers included customers, suppliers, collaborators, sponsors, subcontractors, different unions and employers' organisations. The employer organised more than half of the situations; external organisers were responsible for more than a quarter. The differences between companies were mostly due to the extent of external organisers. The employer initiates and organises most situations for work-related alcohol use. However, exposure to such situations seems to depend on how many external relations the company has. These aspects should be taken into account when workplace health-promotion initiatives are planned.

Alcohol-related morbidity and mortality within siblings.

PubMed

Søndergaard, Grethe; Osler, Merete; Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo; Andersen, Per Kragh; Dalton, Susanne Oksbjerg; Mortensen, Laust H

2015-03-01

To estimate the association between educational status and alcohol-related somatic and non-somatic morbidity and mortality among full siblings in comparison with non-related individuals. Cohort study. Denmark. Approximately 1.4 million full siblings born in Denmark between 1950 and 1979 were followed from age 28-58 years or censoring due to alcohol-related hospitalization and mortality. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate associations of educational status with alcohol-related outcomes. Results from cohort analyses based on non-related individuals and inter-sibling analyses were compared. A lower educational status was associated with a higher rate of alcohol-related outcomes, especially among the youngest (aged 28-37 years) and individuals born 1970-79. Compared with the cohort analyses, the associations attenuated slightly in the inter-sibling analysis. For example, in the cohort analysis, females with a basic school education born 1970-79 had an increased rate of alcohol-related non-somatic morbidity and mortality [hazard rate ratio (HR) = 4.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.27-5.02] compared to those with a vocational education. In the inter-sibling analysis, the HR attenuated (HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.95-3.63). For alcohol-related somatic outcomes the corresponding figures were HR = 3.47 (95% CI = 2.63-4.58) and HR = 3.36 (95% CI = 2.10-5.38), respectively. In general, the associations were stronger among females than males (aged 28-37) in the analyses of alcohol-related non-somatic outcomes. Health conditions earlier in life explained only a minor part of the associations. The association between educational status and alcohol-related somatic and non-somatic morbidity and mortality is only driven by familial factors to a small degree. © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Techniques for Efficient Detection of Rapid Weather Change and Analysis of their Impacts on a Highway Network

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-10-06

Adverse weather conditions have a significant impact on the safety, mobility, and efficiency of highway networks. Annually, 24 percent of all crashes, more than 7,400 roadway fatalities, and over 673,000 crash related injuries were caused by adverse ...

Alcohol Expectancies Mediate and Moderate the Associations between Big Five Personality Traits and Adolescent Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems.

PubMed

Ibáñez, Manuel I; Camacho, Laura; Mezquita, Laura; Villa, Helena; Moya-Higueras, Jorge; Ortet, Generós

2015-01-01

Personality and expectancies are relevant psychological factors for the development of adolescent alcohol use and misuse. The present study examined their direct, mediated and moderated effects on different drinking behaviors in adolescence. Personality domains of the five-factor model, positive and negative alcohol expectancies (AEs), alcohol use during the week and the weekend, and alcohol-related problems were assessed in a sample of 361 adolescents. Different personality dimensions were directly associated with specific alcohol outcomes: Extraversion, low Conscientiousness and low Openness were associated with weekend alcohol use; low Agreeableness was related to weekday use; whereas low Agreeableness, low Conscientiousness and Extraversion were associated with alcohol-related problems. In addition, positive AEs mediated the relationship between Extraversion and alcohol use, whereas both positive and negative expectancies mediated the association between Neuroticism and alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Finally, both types of expectancies interacted with Extraversion to predict alcohol problems. Our results highlight the importance of examining the complex interplay of comprehensive personality models and AEs to gain a better understanding of the development of different alcohol use and misuse patterns in adolescence.

TPH2 polymorphisms and alcohol-related suicide.

PubMed

Zupanc, Tomaž; Pregelj, Peter; Tomori, Martina; Komel, Radovan; Paska, Alja Videtič

2011-02-18

Substantial evidence from family, twin, and adoption studies corroborates implication of genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interactions, on suicidal behavior and alcoholism risk. Serotonergic disfunction seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of substance abuse, and has also an important role in suicidal behavior. Recent studies of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 showed mild or no association with suicide and alcohol-related suicide. We performed SNP and alcohol analysis on 388 suicide victims and 227 controls. The results showed association between suicide (Pχ²=0.043) and alcohol-related suicide (Pχ²=0.021) for SNP Rs1843809. A tendency for association was determined also for polymorphism Rs1386493 (Pχ²=0.055) and alcohol-related suicide. Data acquired from psychological autopsies in a subsample of suicide victims (n=79) determined more impulsive behavior (Pχ²=0.016) and verbal aggressive behavior (Pχ²=0.025) in the subgroup with alcohol misuse or dependency. In conclusion, our results suggest implication of polymorphisms in suicide and alcohol-related suicide, but further studies are needed to clarify the interplay among serotonergic system disfunction, suicide, alcohol dependence, impulsivity and the role of TPH2 enzyme. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

2007 Oregon state highway accident rate tables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-09-01

State highway crash rate tables present crash frequencies in relation to traffic volume and : highway mileage. The four major sections of this publication are: : I Results of Analysis : II State Highway Crash Rates : III Fatal Traffic Crash Summaries...

2009 Oregon state highway accident rate tables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-08-01

State highway crash rate tables present crash frequencies in relation to traffic volume and : highway mileage. The four major sections of this publication are: : I Results of Analysis : II State Highway Crash Rates : III Fatal Traffic Crash Summaries...

2004 Oregon state highway accident rate tables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-08-01

State highway crash rate tables present crash frequencies in relation to traffic volume and : highway mileage. The four major sections of this publication are: : I Results of Analysis : II State Highway Crash Rates : III Fatal Traffic Crash Summaries...

2008 Oregon state highway accident rate tables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

State highway crash rate tables present crash frequencies in relation to traffic volume and : highway mileage. The four major sections of this publication are: : I Results of Analysis : II State Highway Crash Rates : III Fatal Traffic Crash Summaries...

2006 Oregon state highway accident rate tables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-07-01

State highway crash rate tables present crash frequencies in relation to traffic volume and : highway mileage. The four major sections of this publication are: : I Results of Analysis : II State Highway Crash Rates : III Fatal Traffic Crash Summaries...

2010 Oregon state highway accident rate tables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-11-01

State highway crash rate tables present crash frequencies in relation to traffic volume and : highway mileage. The four major sections of this publication are: I. Results of Analysis, II. State Highway Crash Rates, III. Fatal Traffic Crash Summaries,...

Comparing methods of detecting alcohol-related emergency department presentations.

PubMed

Indig, D; Copeland, J; Conigrave, K M

2009-08-01

To assess the strengths and limitations of different methods for detecting alcohol-related emergency department (ED) presentations and to compare the characteristics of patients who present to the ED with an alcohol-related presentation with ED patients who are found to be risky drinkers by a questionnaire. Survey at two Sydney Australia ED over four weekends of 389 patients. Alcohol-related presentations were identified using a range of methods and were compared with presentations in ED patients who reported risky drinking using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Overall, 20% of ED patients had alcohol-related presentations and 28% were identified as risky drinkers by AUDIT. Diagnostic codes detected only 7% of all alcohol-related ED presentations, compared with 34% detected by nursing triage text, 60% by medical record audits and 69% by self-report. Among risky drinkers, just over half (51%) were not attending for an alcohol-related reason, whereas among alcohol-related ED presentations, nearly a third (31%) were not identified as risky drinkers by AUDIT. Not all patients with an alcohol-related ED presentation usually drink at risky levels, nor do all risky drinkers present to the ED for an alcohol-related reason. The use of routinely recorded nursing triage text detects over a third of alcohol-related ED presentations with no additional burden on busy clinicians. As these data are potentially readily accessible, further research is needed to evaluate their validity for the detection of alcohol-related ED presentations.

49 CFR 1.94 - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... information system improvements, motorcyclist safety, and child safety restraints; administering a nationwide... concerning motor vehicle safety, including vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure technologies and other new or advanced vehicle technologies; and investigating safety-related defects and non-compliance...

49 CFR 1.94 - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... information system improvements, motorcyclist safety, and child safety restraints; administering a nationwide... concerning motor vehicle safety, including vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure technologies and other new or advanced vehicle technologies; and investigating safety-related defects and non-compliance...

49 CFR 1.94 - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... information system improvements, motorcyclist safety, and child safety restraints; administering a nationwide... concerning motor vehicle safety, including vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure technologies and other new or advanced vehicle technologies; and investigating safety-related defects and non-compliance...

The role of alcohol use on recent trends in distracted driving.

PubMed

Wilson, Fernando A; Stimpson, Jim P; Tibbits, Melissa K

2013-11-01

Distracted driving is now an increasingly deadly threat to road safety. We provide evidence that intoxicated driving is increasingly responsible for recent increases in fatalities from distracted driving crashes. This study describes trends in deaths on U.S. public roads caused by alcohol-involved and distracted drivers using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)-a census of fatal crashes on U.S. public roads. Fatality rates per vehicle-miles traveled are calculated using data from the Federal Highway Administration. Alcohol-involved drivers who are simultaneously distracted were responsible for 1750 deaths in 2009, an increase of more than 63% from 2005 when there were 1072 deaths. Alcohol use while driving is increasingly responsible for a growing number of fatalities from distracted driving, accounting for 32% of deaths from distracted driving in 2009 versus 24% in 2005. The fatality rate from these crashes increased from 35.9 to 59.2 deaths per 100 billion vehicle-miles traveled after 2005. Alcohol use is quickly increasing as an important factor behind distracted driving fatalities. This has implications for policies combating distracted driving that do not address the role of alcohol use in distracted driving. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Laboratory evaluation of alcohol safety interlock systems. Volume 1 : summary report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

The report contains the results of an experimental and analytical evaluation of instruments and techniques designed to prevent an intoxicated driver from operating his automobile. The prototype 'Alcohol Safety Interlock Systems' tested were developed...

Railroad-highway grade crossing handbook

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-08-01

The purpose of this handbook is to provide a single reference document on prevalent and best practices as well as adopted standards relative to highway-rail grade crossings. The handbook provides general information on highway-rail crossings; charact...

A pooled analysis of on-the-road highway driving studies in actual traffic measuring standard deviation of lateral position (i.e., "weaving") while driving at a blood alcohol concentration of 0.5 g/L.

PubMed

Jongen, S; Vermeeren, A; van der Sluiszen, N N J J M; Schumacher, M B; Theunissen, E L; Kuypers, K P C; Vuurman, E F P M; Ramaekers, J G

2017-03-01

The on-the-road highway driving test is generally regarded as a gold standard for assessing drug-induced driving impairment. The primary outcome measure is the standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), a measure of road tracking error or "weaving". The test has been calibrated for incremental doses of alcohol almost 30 years ago in order to define the impact of drug-induced impairment in terms of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) equivalents. Drug-induced changes in SDLP exceeding 2.4 cm have been evaluated as clinically relevant ever since. The present analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the alcohol effect in a range of on-the-road driving studies which have been conducted since the initial alcohol calibration study. The present study pooled data of 182 participants from nine placebo-controlled crossover studies who performed the highway driving test, while their BAC was at or just below the legal limit for drivers (i.e., 0.5 g/L). Overall, mean SDLP increased with 2.5 cm (95% CI 2.0-2.9 cm). Equivalence testing showed that the clinical relevance criterion value of 2.4 cm fell well within the 95% CI in each individual study. Gender did not affect alcohol-induced changes in SDLP. These results demonstrate the robustness and validity of the clinical relevance criterion for SDLP as measured during on-the-road driving.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activities of Wine Yeasts in Relation to Higher Alcohol Formation

PubMed Central

Singh, Rajendra; Kunkee, Ralph E.

1976-01-01

Alcohol dehydrogenase activities were examined in cell-free extracts of 10 representative wine yeast strains having various productivities of higher alcohols (fusel oil). The amount of fusel alcohols (n-propanol, isobutanol, active pentanol, and isopentanol) produced by the different yeasts and the specific alcohol dehydrogenase activities with the corresponding alcohols as substrates were found to be significantly related. No such relationship was found for ethanol. The amounts of higher alcohols formed during vinification could be predicted from the specific activities of the alcohol dehydrogenases with high accuracy. The results suggest a close relationship between the control of the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and the formation of fusel oil alcohols. Also, new procedures for the prediction of higher alcohol formation during alcoholic beverage fermentation are suggested. PMID:16345179

2005 Oregon state highway accident rate tables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-08-01

State highway crash rate tables present crash frequencies in relation to traffic volume and highway mileage. The four major sections of this publication are: I Results of Analysis II State Highway Crash Rates III Fatal Traffic Crash Summaries IV Appe...

New highway accident location manual for Missouri.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

The Missouri HAL manual is used to identify, analyze, and correct high crash locations, and has not been updated since : 1999. This new edition brings the manual up to date, while incorporating the methodology of the national Highway Safety : Manual ...

Highway user expectations for ITD winter maintenance.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

Providing a high Level of Service (LOS) to ensure the safety and mobility for the traveling public is a key objective for winter : maintenance operations. The goal of this research was to obtain a better understanding of Idaho highway users expect...

49 CFR 655.35 - Other alcohol-related conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other alcohol-related conduct. 655.35 Section 655... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL MISUSE AND PROHIBITED DRUG USE IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS Prohibited Alcohol Use § 655.35 Other alcohol-related conduct. (a) No employer shall permit a...

49 CFR 655.35 - Other alcohol-related conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Other alcohol-related conduct. 655.35 Section 655... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL MISUSE AND PROHIBITED DRUG USE IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS Prohibited Alcohol Use § 655.35 Other alcohol-related conduct. (a) No employer shall permit a...

Perceived driving safety and estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) the morning after drinking amongst young Australians attending a music festival: a cross-sectional survey.

PubMed

Fernando, Mario; Buckland, Johanna; Melwani, Prashina; Tent, Vanessa; Preston, Philip; Pit, Sabrina Winona

2018-06-20

Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes remain a significant and costly public health issue globally. Particularly young people are over-represented in these incidents. This study set out to explore the factors that influence individuals' perceptions of their safety to drive, and the factors related to a change in intention to drive. Four hundred nine young people aged 18-40 attending an Australian multi-day music festival completed a survey measuring demographics, alcohol use, amount of sleep obtained the previous night, intention to drive, number of passengers, perceived safety to drive, estimated BAC (measured in g/210 L) and change in intention to drive following a BAC measurement via breathalysers. Statistical analyses involved univariate tests of association and multivariate logistic regression. Only one in five participants felt they were completely safe to drive. Males self-rated as less safe to drive than females. Multivariate analyses showed that licence class, sleep hours, units of alcohol consumed in the past 24 h and estimated BAC had statistically significant associations with driving safety perception. Participants who slept for greater than seven hours the previous night were three times more likely to feel safe to drive than those who had less than five hours of sleep (OR 3.05 (95% CI 1.25, 7.45)). Forty-one percent of participants changed their intended time of driving after having their BAC measured with a breathalyser. There was a statistically significant association between changing the intention to drive to a later time with an increase in each extra passenger in a participant's vehicle (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.02, 2.30)). Whilst concerning behaviours relating to high-risk alcohol consumption were found, the study uncovered promising findings about young peoples' perceptions of their safety to drive, and their propensity to change their driving intention. The strong correlation between hours of sleep, estimated BAC, units of alcohol consumed and

Methods for Allocating Highway Costs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-04-01

Microeconomic theory and other concepts related to pricing are reviewed and applied to the problem of designing highway user charges. In view of the emphasis in the Congressional request for the Highway Cost Allocation Study on setting charges in acc...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

Safety evaluation of advance street name signs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) organized a pooled fund study of 26 States to evaluate low-cost safety strategies as part of its strategic highway safety effort. The objective of the pooled fund study was to estimate the safety effectivenes...

49 CFR 554.4 - Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance. 554.4 Section 554.4 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT AND DEFECTS INVESTIGATION § 554.4 Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance....

Vehicle safety telemetry for automated highways

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, G. R.

1977-01-01

The emphasis in current, automatic vehicle testing and diagnosis is primarily centered on the proper operation of the engine. Lateral and longitudinal guidance technologies, including speed control and headway sensing for collision avoidance, are reviewed. The principal guidance technique remains the buried wire. Speed control and headway sensing, even though they show the same basic elements in braking and fuel systems, are proceeding independently. The applications of on-board electronic and microprocessor techniques were investigated; each application (emission control, spark advance, or anti-slip braking) is being treated as an independent problem is proposed. A unified bus system of distributed processors for accomplishing the various functions and testing required for vehicles equipped to use automated highways.

Socioeconomic differences in alcohol-related risk-taking behaviours.

PubMed

Livingston, Michael

2014-11-01

There is substantial research showing that low socioeconomic position is a predictor of negative outcomes from alcohol consumption, while alcohol consumption itself does not exhibit a strong social gradient. This study aims to examine socioeconomic differences in self-reported alcohol-related risk-taking behaviour to explore whether differences in risk-taking while drinking may explain some of the socioeconomic disparities in alcohol-related harm. Cross-sectional data from current drinkers (n = 21 452) in the 2010 wave of the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey were used. Ten items on risk-taking behaviour while drinking were combined into two risk scores, and zero-inflated Poisson regression was used to assess the relationship between socioeconomic position and risk-taking while controlling for age, sex and alcohol consumption. Socioeconomically advantaged respondents reported substantially higher rates of alcohol-related hazardous behaviour than socioeconomically disadvantaged respondents. Controlling for age, sex, volume of drinking and frequency of heavy drinking, respondents living in the most advantaged quintile of neighbourhoods reported significantly higher rates of hazardous behaviour than those in the least advantaged quintile. A similar pattern was evident for household income. Socioeconomically advantaged Australians engage in alcohol-related risky behaviour at higher rates than more disadvantaged Australians even with alcohol consumption controlled. The significant socioeconomic disparities in negative consequences linked to alcohol consumption cannot in this instance be explained via differences in behaviour while drinking. Other factors not directly related to alcohol consumption may be responsible for health inequalities in outcomes with significant alcohol involvement. © 2014 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

Alcohol-related dementia: an update of the evidence

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

The characteristics of dementia relating to excessive alcohol use have received increased research interest in recent times. In this paper, the neuropathology, nosology, epidemiology, clinical features, and neuropsychology of alcohol-related dementia (ARD) and alcohol-induced persisting amnestic syndrome (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, or WKS) are reviewed. Neuropathological and imaging studies suggest that excessive and prolonged use of alcohol may lead to structural and functional damage that is permanent in nature; however, there is debate about the relative contributions of the direct toxic effect of alcohol (neurotoxicity hypothesis), and the impact of thiamine deficiency, to lasting damage. Investigation of alcohol-related cognitive impairment has been further complicated by differing definitions of patterns of alcohol use and associated lifestyle factors related to the abuse of alcohol. Present diagnostic systems identify two main syndromes of alcohol-related cognitive impairment: ARD and WKS. However, 'alcohol-related brain damage' is increasingly used as an umbrella term to encompass the heterogeneity of these disorders. It is unclear what level of drinking may pose a risk for the development of brain damage or, in fact, whether lower levels of alcohol may protect against other forms of dementia. Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with ARD typically have a younger age of onset than those with other forms of dementia, are more likely to be male, and often are socially isolated. The cognitive profile of ARD appears to involve both cortical and subcortical pathology, and deficits are most frequently observed on tasks of visuospatial function as well as memory and higher-order (executive) tasks. The WKS appears more heterogeneous in nature than originally documented, and deficits on executive tasks commonly are reported in conjunction with characteristic memory deficits. Individuals with alcohol-related disorders have the potential to at least

Alcohol Attenuates Load-related Activation During a Working Memory Task: Relation to Level of Response to Alcohol

PubMed Central

Paulus, Martin P.; Tapert, Susan F.; Pulido, Carmen; Schuckit, Marc A.

2008-01-01

Background A low level of response to alcohol is a major risk factor for the development of alcohol dependence, but neural correlates of this marker are unclear. Method Ten healthy volunteers were classified by median split on level of response to alcohol and underwent 2 sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging following ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol and a placebo. The blood oxygen level–dependent activation to an event-related visual working memory test was examined. Results The subjects exhibited longer response latencies and more errors as a function of increasing working memory load and showed a load-dependent increase in activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and visual cortex. Alcohol did not affect performance (errors or response latency), but attenuated the working memory load–dependent activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. During the placebo condition, individuals with a low level of response to alcohol showed greater activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex than those with a high level of response to alcohol. During the alcohol condition, groups showed similar attenuation of load-dependent brain activation in these regions. Conclusion Low-level responders relative to high-level responders exhibited an increased working memory load–dependent activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex when not exposed to alcohol. This increase in brain response was attenuated in low-level responders after ingesting a moderate dose of alcohol. PMID:16899039

SafetyAnalyst

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This booklet provides an overview of SafetyAnalyst. SafetyAnalyst is a set of software tools under development to help State and local highway agencies advance their programming of site-specific safety improvements. SafetyAnalyst will incorporate sta...

Experiences of alcohol-related harassment among medical students.

PubMed

Nagata-Kobayashi, Shizuko; Koyama, Hiroshi; Asai, Atsushi; Noguchi, Yoshinori; Maeno, Tetsuhiro; Fukushima, Osamu; Yamamoto, Wari; Koizumi, Shunzo; Shimbo, Takuro

2010-12-01

Although fatal accidents caused by alcohol-related harassment occur frequently among college students, this issue has not been adequately examined. This study set out to investigate the prevalence of alcohol-related harassment among medical students in Japan. A multi-institutional, cross-sectional survey was carried out across seven medical schools in Japan. A self-report anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 1152 medical students; 951 respondents (82.6%) satisfactorily completed it. From the responses, we determined the reported prevalences of the following types of alcohol-related harassment among medical students by senior medical students or doctors: (i) being coerced into drinking alcohol; (ii) being compelled to drink an alcoholic beverage all at once (the ikki drinking game); (iii) being deliberately forced to drink until unconscious, and (iv) being subjected to verbal abuse, physical abuse or sexual harassment in relation to alcohol. The prevalence of becoming a harasser among medical students was also measured. Multivariate regressions were used to assess the associations between experiences of alcohol-related harassment and student characteristics. A total of 821 respondents (86.3%) had experienced alcohol-related harassment and 686 (72.1%) had harassed others. Experiences of the ikki drinking game were frequently reported by both victims (n=686, 72.1% of all respondents) and harassers (n=595, 62.6% of all respondents). In multivariate regression, having an experience of alcohol-related harassment correlated with both being harassed (odds ratio [OR] 14.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.73-23.98) and being a harasser (OR 13.19, 95% CI 8.05-22.34). The presence of senior members of medical college clubs who were regular drinkers also correlated with both being harassed (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.88-4.67) and being a harasser (OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.06-4.27). Alcohol-related harassment among medical students is common and tends to occur at drinking parties with

Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for outpatient alcohol detoxification.

PubMed

Müller, C A; Schäfer, M; Schneider, S; Heimann, H M; Hinzpeter, A; Volkmar, K; Förg, A; Heinz, A; Hein, J

2010-07-01

Anticonvulsant drugs are increasingly being used for alcohol detoxification in in- and outpatient settings. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy, medical safety and mid-term outcome of levetiracetam, a drug with no marked liver toxicity, for outpatient alcohol detoxification. This was an open-label observational study. After screening eligibility for outpatient alcohol detoxification, patients were seen daily for 5 days and received levetiracetam in a flexible dosage regime between 500 and 4 000 mg/d for a maximum of 7 days. Diazepam was used as a rescue medication. The severity of alcohol withdrawal was evaluated daily using the ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME SCALE (AWSS). Mid-term treatment outcome was assessed at a 6-month follow-up. A total number of 131 consecutively admitted alcohol-dependent patients received an outpatient detoxification treatment, 122 (93.1%) completed the programme successfully. The mean initial dose of levetiracetam was 1 850 mg/d. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome as indicated by the AWSS score decreased clearly over 5 days. Overall, the medication was well tolerated. There was no treatment discontinuations due to side effects of levetiracetam. No serious medical complications, especially seizures or deliria, were observed during the detoxification. At the 6-month follow-up, 57 patients (43.5%) were still abstinent. Patients with previous detoxifications had a significant higher risk for relapse (HR=1.88; p=0.016; CI 95%: 1.12-3.14) than patients without previous treatments. The findings of this study provide some evidence that levetiracetam is an efficacious and safe treatment option for outpatient alcohol detoxification. Further randomised, controlled trials including mid- and long-term follow-ups are needed to confirm these findings. Copyright Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.

A Winning Combination: An Alcohol, Other Drug, and Traffic Safety Handbook for College Campuses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, David, Ed.

This manual addresses the social and legal issues facing college administrators today in dealing with alcohol and other drug problems. It is a guide for colleges and universities to develop individualized alcohol, drug, and traffic safety programs. The first part, entitled "Insights," presents background articles by professionals in higher…

[Attitudes of alcoholics to addiction-related topics].

PubMed

Wetterling, T; Krömer-Olbrisch, T; Löw, R; Schneider, U

2001-11-01

In Germany the attitudes towards alcohol consumption and smoking are rather heterogeneous. Although it is well accepted that both behaviours are harmful and often lead to addiction, thus far the attitudes of alcoholics to addiction-related topics have not been evaluated. In this investigation 228 alcoholics were asked to complete a questionnaire of addiction-related topics. The attitudes were rather realistic, concerning the harmful effects of alcohol. The beliefs were only slightly influenced by personal involvement (e.g. divorce). Different opinions were given as to the riskiness of illegal drugs. The attitude towards the reasons of alcoholism are most important for therapeutical decisions. Only a third of the patients believed that they themselves were responsible for their addictive behaviour while nearly half accused socioeconomical factors. The curability of their alcoholism as well as their own competence to overcome alcoholism was estimated rather realistically by the patients. The results could not be generalized since the sample mainly consisted of alcoholics who themselves sought an alcohol-specific treatment service. Furthermore the data analysis shows that about 90 % of them regarded themselves as alcoholics. Future studies have to show whether these attitudes differ from those of the general population and from alcoholics not seeking-help.

Safety evaluation of increasing retroreflectivity of STOP signs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-03-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) organized 26 States : to participate in the FHWA Low-Cost Safety Improvements Pooled : Fund Study to evaluate low-cost safety strategies as part of its : strategic highway safety plan support effort. The purp...

49 CFR 382.505 - Other alcohol-related conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Other alcohol-related conduct. 382.505 Section 382... SUBSTANCES AND ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Consequences for Drivers Engaging in Substance Use-Related Conduct § 382.505 Other alcohol-related conduct. (a) No driver tested under the provisions of subpart C of this...

49 CFR 382.505 - Other alcohol-related conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other alcohol-related conduct. 382.505 Section 382... SUBSTANCES AND ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Consequences for Drivers Engaging in Substance Use-Related Conduct § 382.505 Other alcohol-related conduct. (a) No driver tested under the provisions of subpart C of this...