Stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering in aqueous suspension of nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Averyushkin, Anatolii S.; Baranov, Anatoly N.; Bulychev, Nikolay A.; Kazaryan, Mishik A.; Kudryavtseva, Anna D.; Shevchenko, Mikhail A.; Strokov, Maxim A.; Tcherniega, Nikolay V.; Zemskov, Konstantin I.

2018-04-01

The low-frequency acoustic mode in nanoparticles of different nature in aqueous suspension has been studied by stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS). Nanoparticles investigated (CuO, Ag, Au, ZnS) had different dimensions and different vibrational properties. Synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles in acoustoplasma discharge is described in details. SLFRS has been excited by nanosecond pulses of ruby laser. Spectra of the scattered light had been registered with the help of Fabry-Perot interferometer. SLFRS conversion efficiency, threshold and frequency shift of the scattered light are measured.

Stimulated concentration (diffusion) light scattering on nanoparticles in a liquid suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burkhanov, I. S.; Krivokhizha, S. V.; Chaikov, L. L.

2016-06-01

A nonlinear growth of the light scattering intensity has been observed and the frequency shift of the spectral line of scattered light has been measured in light backscattered in suspensions of diamond and latex nanoparticles in water. The shift corresponds to the HWHM of the line of spontaneous scattering on particles. We may conclude that there exists stimulated concentration (diffusion) light scattering on variations of the particle concentration, which is also called the stimulated Mie scattering. In a fibre probe scheme, the growth of the shift of the scattered spectral line is observed with an increase in the exciting beam power. The variation of the frequency shift with an increase in the exciting power is explained by convection in liquid.

Interleukin-2 therapy reverses some immunosuppressive effects of skeletal unloading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armstrong, Jason W.; Balch, Signe; Chapes, Stephen K.

1994-01-01

Using antiorthostatic suspension, we characterized hematopoietic changes that may be responsible for the detrimental effect of skeletal unloading on macrophage development. Skeletally unloaded mice had suppressed macrophage development in unloaded and loaded bones, which indicated a systemic effect. Bone marrow cells from unloaded mice secreted less macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 than control mice. Additionally, T-lymphocyte proliferation was reduced after skeletal unloading. We show that polyethylene glycol-interleukin-2 therapy reversed the effects of skeletal unloading on macrophage development and cell proliferation.

Soft-coupling suspension system for an intradural spinal cord stimulator: Biophysical performance characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oya, H.; Safayi, S.; Jeffery, N. D.; Viljoen, S.; Reddy, C. G.; Dalm, B. D.; Kanwal, J. K.; Gillies, G. T.; Howard, M. A.

2013-10-01

We have characterized the mechanical compliance of an improved version of the suspension system used to position the electrode-bearing membrane of an intradural neuromodulator on the dorsal pial surface of the spinal cord. Over the compression span of 5 mm, it exhibited a restoring force of 2.4 μN μm-1 and a mean pressure of 0.5 mm Hg (=66 Pa) on the surface below it, well within the range of normal intrathecal pressures. We have implanted prototype devices employing this suspension and a novel device fixation technique in a chronic ovine model of spinal cord stimulation and found that it maintains stable contact at the electrode-pia interface without lead fracture, as determined by measurement of the inter-contact impedances.

Effect of antiorthostatic bed rest on hepatic blood flow in man.

PubMed

Putcha, L; Cintron, N M; Vanderploeg, J M; Chen, Y; Habis, J; Adler, J

1988-04-01

Physiological changes that occur during exposure to weightlessness may induce alterations in blood flow to the liver. Estimation of hepatic blood flow (HBF) using ground-based weightlessness simulation models may provide insight into functional changes of the liver in crewmembers during flight. In the present study HBF, indirectly estimated by indocyanine green (ICG) clearance, is compared in 10 subjects during the normal ambulatory condition and antiorthostatic (-6 degrees) bed rest. Plasma clearance of ICG was determined following intravenous administration of a 0.5-mg.kg-1 dose of ICG to each subject on two separate occasions, once after being seated for 1 h and once after 24 h of head-down bed rest. After 24 h of head-down bed rest, hepatic blood flow did not change significantly from the respective control value.

Effect of spaceflight on natural killer cell activity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rykova, Marina P.; Sonnenfeld, Gerald; Lesniak, A. T.; Taylor, Gerald R.; Meshkov, Dimitrii O.; Mandel, Adrian D.; Medvedev, Andrei E.; Berry, Wallace D.; Fuchs, Boris B.; Konstantinova, Irina V.

1992-01-01

The effects of spaceflight on immune cell function were determined in rats flown on Cosmos 2044. Control groups included vivarium, synchronous, and antiorthostatically suspended rats. The ability of natural killer cells to lyse two different target cell lines was determined. Spleen and bone marrow cells obtained from flight rats showed significantly inhibited cytotoxicity for YAC-1 target cells compared with cells from synchronous control rats. This could have been due to exposure of the rats to microgravity. Antiorthostatic suspension did not affect the level of cytotoxicity from spleen cells of suspended rats for YAC-1 cells. On the other hand, cells from rats flown in space showed no significant differences from vivarium and synchronous control rats in cytotoxicity for K-562 target cells. Binding of natural killer cells to K-562 target cells was unaffected by spaceflight. Antiorthostatic suspension resulted in higher levels of cytotoxicity from spleen cells for Cr-51-labeled K-562 cells. The results indicate differential effects of spaceflight on function of natural killer cells. This shows that spaceflight has selective effects on the immune response.

The effect of short-term antiorthostatic hypokinesia on central and intracardiac hemodynamics and metabolism of a healthy person

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Katkov, V. Y.; Chesturkhin, V. V.; Zybin, O. K.; Sukhotskiy, S. S.; Abrosimov, S. V.; Utkin, V. N.

1981-01-01

The right parts of the heart and the radial artery were catheterized in healthy male volunteers before and 5 days after strict bedrest in antiorthostatic position of the body (-4.5 deg). After immobilization, most values of central circulation showed no essential changes; the only exceptions were indicates characterizing the inotropic myocardial condition. A shift in the direction of acidosis of a mixed character was noted in mixed venous blood, the beta lipoprotein content increased. A decrease in the arteriovenous difference in oxygen was encountered in blood draining from the heart (from the coronary sinus).

Antiorthostatic immobilization with varied sodium intake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hinghofer-Szalkay, H.; Haditsch, B.; Pilz, K.; Rössler, A.; Laszlo, Z.

The study investigated, in 10 normotensive male persons, heart rate responses to graded lower body suction (LBNP) with adaptation to various oral sodium clamping during both ambulatory (AMB) conditions for 4 days, and thereafter to additional antiorthostatic (6° head down) positioning. A ,low' (LS: 143+/-10 mM Na +/ d excreted) and a ,high' (HS: 434+/-17 mM Na +/d excreted) sodium treatment - in randomized order and separated =1 mo - followed a ,conditioning' run with moderate sodium (237+/-9 mM Na +/d excreted). Urinary volume and sodium output were monitored, hormone levels (PRA, aldosterone, AVP) determined, and extracellular volume (ECV) estimated by whole body electrical impedance spectroscopy. ECV was not differently reduced (p>0.1) in LS (-5.8+/-2.3%, p=0.018) and HS (-4.0+/-1.0%. p=0.002). Morning AVP was lower (5.5+/-0.1 pg/ml) in HS than in LS (7.2+/-0.3 pg/ml; N=7 days), as well as aldosterone (69+/-7 pg/ml in HS vs. 180+/-24 pg/ml in LS). LBNP dose responses of PRA and aldosterone were higher in LS than HS after 8 days AOB, whereas microvascular fluid filtration was unchanged by any experimental condition. Heart rate responses to LBNP were unchanged by sodium supply, whereas mean arterial and pulse pressure was lower in LS than HS during all LBNP intensities. Thus, HS was able to increase arterial blood and pulse pressure and reduced PRA and aldosterone levels during graded simulated orthostatic challenge, but did neither ameliorate AOB-induced ECV decrease nor alter LBNP-induced filtration and heart rate responses. These results are relevant for planning of future countermeasures in astronauts. Supported by the Austrian Research Fund (P13451-MED)

Mechanisms of spinal motoneurons survival in rats under simulated hypogravity on earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Islamov, R. R.; Mishagina, E. A.; Tyapkina, O. V.; Shajmardanova, G. F.; Eremeev, A. A.; Kozlovskaya, I. B.; Nikolskij, E. E.; Grigorjev, A. I.

2011-05-01

It was previously shown that different cell types in vivo and in vitro may die via apoptosis under weightlessness conditions in space as well as in simulated hypogravity on the Earth. We assessed survivability of spinal motoneurons of rats after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension. Following weight bearing, unloading the total protein content in lumbar spinal cord is dropped by 21%. The electrophysiological studies of m. gastrocnemius revealed an elevated motoneurons' reflex excitability and conduction disturbances in the sciatic nerve axons. The number of myelinated fibers in the ventral root of experimental animals was insignificantly increased by 35-day of antiorthostatic hind limb suspension, although the retrograde axonal transport was significantly decreased during the first week of simulated hypogravity. The results of the immunohistochemical assay with antibodies against proapoptotic protein caspase 9 and cytotoxicity marker neuron specific nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the TUNEL staining did not reveal any signs of apoptosis in motoneurons of suspended and control animals. To examine the possible adaptation mechanisms activated in motoneurons in response to simulated hypogravity we investigated immunoexpression of Hsp25 and Hsp70 in lumbar spinal cord of the rats after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension. Comparative analysis of the immunohistochemical reaction with anti-Hsp25 antibodies revealed differential staining of motoneurons in intact and experimental animals. The density of immunoprecipitate with anti-Hsp25 antibodies was substantially higher in motoneurons of the 35-day suspended than control rats and the more intensive precipitate in this reaction was observed in motoneuron neuritis. Quantitative analysis of Hsp25 expression demonstrated an increase in the Hsp25 level by 95% in experimental rats compared to the control. The immunoexpression of Hsp70 found no qualitative and quantitative differences in control and experimental

Effect of oral calcium and calcium + fluoride treatments on mouse bone properties during suspension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simske, S. J.; Luttges, M. W.; Allen, K. A.; Spooner, B. S. (Principal Investigator)

1992-01-01

The bone effects of oral dosages of calcium chloride with or without supplementary sodium fluoride were assessed in antiorthostatically suspended mice. Two calcium dosages were used to replace half (3.1 mM) or all(6.3 mM) of the dietary calcium lost due to reduced food intake by the suspended mice. Two groups of 6.3 mM CaCl2-treated mice were additionally treated with 0.25 or 2.5 mM NaF. The results indicate that supplementation of the mouse drinking water with calcium salts prevents bone changes induced by short-term suspension, while calcium salts in combination with fluoride are less effective as fluoride dosage increases. However, the calcium supplements change the relationship between the femur mechanical properties and the mineral composition of the bone. Because of this, it appears that oral calcium supplements are effective through a mechanism other than simple dietary supplementation and may indicate a dependence of bone consistency on systemic and local fluid conditions.

Chronic orthostatic and antiorthostatic restraint induce neuroendocrine, immune and neurophysiological disorders in rats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assenmacher, I.; Mekaouche, M.; Maurel, D.; Barbanel, G.; Givalois, L.; Boissin, J.; Malaval, F.; Ixart, G.

The tail-cast suspension rat model has been developed in ground laboratories interested in space physiology for extensive study of mechanisms causing the pathophysiological syndrome associated with space flights. We used individually-caged male rats to explore the effects of acute and chronic (7d) orthostatic restraint (OR) and head-down anti-orthostatic restraint (AOR) on a series of physiological variables. The acute restraint study showed that (1) the installation of the OR device induced an acute reaction for 2 days, with a substantial rise in ACTH (x2) and CORT (x6), and that (2) the head-down tilt from OR to AOR induced (i) within 10 min and lasting 60 min a 2-fold rise in the intra-cerebro-ventricular pressure (Picv) monitored with an icv telemetric recording system, which receded to normal between 60 and 120 min; and (ii) within 30 min a short-lived 4-fold rise in plasma ACTH and CORT levels. Chronic OR induced (1) the suppression of the diurnal ACTH/CORT rhythm, with increased mean levels, especially for ACTH, (2) a degraded circadian locomotor activity rhythm manifested by a significant reduction in the spectral power of the 24h periodicity and a concomitant emergence of shorter (ultradian) periodicities, (3) an associated, but less pronounced alteration of the diurnal rhythm in body temperature; and (4) a marked increase in baseline plasma levels of IL-1β and an increased reactivity in cytokine release following an E. coli endotoxin (LPS) challenge. AOR induced (1) a similar obliteration of the circadian ACTH/CORT rhythm, (2) the loss of close correlation between ACTH and CORT, (3) a generalized increase in baseline plasma IL-1β levels and (4) more extensive degradation of the arcadian periodicity for both locomotor activity and, to a lesser extent, body temperature, replaced by dominant spectral powers for ultradian periodicities (3 to 10h). In conclusion, both experimental paradigms — but AOR more than OR — caused a blockade of the arcadian

Development and testing of a mouse simulated space flight model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sonnenfeld, G.

1985-01-01

The development and testing of a mouse model for simulating some aspects of weightlessness that occur during space flight, and the carrying out of immunological flight experiments on animals was discussed. The mouse model is an antiorthostatic, hypokinetic, hypodynamic suspension model similar to the one used with rats. It is shown that this murine model yield similar results to the rat model of antiorthostatic suspension for simulating some aspects of weightlessness. It is also shown that mice suspended in this model have decreased interferon-alpha/beta production as compared to control, nonsuspended mice or to orthostatically suspended mice. It is suggested that the conditions occuring during space flight could possibly affect interferon production. The regulatory role of interferon in nonviral diseases is demonstrated including several bacterial and protozoan infections indicating the great significance of interferon in resistance to many types of infectious diseases.

Effect of space flight on interferon production - mechanistic studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sonnenfeld, Gerald

1991-01-01

Ground-based models were studied for the effects of space flight on immune responses. Most time was spent on the model for the antiorthostatic, hypokinetic, hypodynamic suspension model for rats. Results indicate that suspension is useful for modeling the effects of spaceflight on functional immune responses, such as interferon and interleukin production. It does not appear to be useful for modeling shifts in leukocyte sub-populations. Calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D sub 3 appear to play a pivitol role in regulating shifts in immune responses due to suspension. The macrophage appears to be an important target cell for the effects of suspension on immune responses.

Clay-cement suspensions - rheological and functional properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wojcik, L.; Izak, P.; Mastalska-Poplawska, J.; Gajek, M.

2017-01-01

The piping erosion in soil is highly unexpected in civil engineering. Elimination of such damages is difficult, expensive and time-consuming. One of the possibility is the grouting method. This method is still developed into direction of process automation as well as other useful properties of suspensions. Main way of modernization of the grouting method is connected it with rheology of injection and eventuality of fitting them to specific problems conditions. Very popular and useful became binders based on modified clays (clay-cement suspensions). Important principle of efficiency of the grouting method is using of time-dependent pseudothixotropic properties of the clay-cement suspensions. The pseudo-rheounstability aspect of the suspensions properties should be dedicated and fitted to dynamic changes of soil conditions destructions. Whole process of the modification of the suspension rheology is stimulated by the specific agents. This article contains a description of practical aspects of the rheological parameters managing of the clay-cement suspensions, dedicated to the building damages, hydrotechnic constructions etc.

Cardiovascular and organ responses and adaptation responses to hypogravity in an experimental animal model.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biondi, R.; Capodicasa, E.; Tassi, C.; Mezzasomal, L.; Benedetti, C.; Valiani, M.; Marconi, P.; Rossi, R.

1995-10-01

The head-down suspension (i.e antiorthostatic hypokinesia) rat is used to simulate weightlessness. However, little is known about cardiovascular and organ adaptation responses which, over a long time, can become pathologically significant. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate regional changes in the hematology parameters, Endotheline-1 (ET-1) concentration and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) (NAG) in an experimental antiorthostatic rat model. The data indicate significant variations in the plasma ET-1 level in time, in the superior and inferior cava vessel blood of animals maintained for 10 days in hypogravity with respect to controls. These changes do not seem to be due to hemoconcentration. The increase in urinary NAG was observed during the first 24h of experiment, indicating renal stress, probably due to adverse blood flow variations within the organ. We conclude that the plasma ET-1 level changes could be responsible, overall for the blood flow variations in the kidney and renal stress could be the consequence of extended antiorthostatic hypokinesia. The ET-1 behaviour and urinary NAG excretion in rats exposed to antiorthostatic hypokjnetic hydynamia offer possibilities for understanding if these changes might be reversible or when they become pathological. This could give some relevant information about the effects of prolonged hypogravity during the space voyage.

[Clinical and experimental study of treating aplastic anemia with fetal liver cell suspension and fetal liver cell-free suspension].

PubMed

Han, J R; Yuan, S W; Ren, Q F

1990-06-01

Fresh fetal liver obtained from 3- to 6-month fetus was prepared. Fetal liver cell suspension (FLC) or fetal liver cell-free suspension (FLCF) were then transfused into two groups of patient of aplastic anemia. 15 of 21 patients of aplastic anemia treated with FLC showed reconstitution of haemopoietic function or improvement of peripheral blood pictures, while 27 of 30 patients treated with FLCF showed reconstitution or improvement. It is verified that there is a stimulating factor for CFU-CM, BFU-E, and CFU-E and also a immunologic stimulant for improving the nonspecific immunologic function of the organism as shown by clinical analysis and experimental study. It is obvious that the therapeutic effect of FLCF is much better than that of the FLC.

Pharmacokinetics of Scopolamine Intranasal Gel Formulation (INSCOP) During Antiorthostatic Bedrest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Putcha, L.; Du, B.; Daniels, V.

2010-01-01

Space Motion Sickness (SMS) is experienced during early flight days of space missions and on reduced gravity simulation flights which require treatment with medications. Oral administration of scopolamine tablets is still a common practice to prevent SMS symptoms. Bioavailability of medications taken by mouth for SMS is often low and variable. Intranasal (IN) administration of medications has been reported to achieve higher and more reliable bioavailability than from an equivalent oral dose. In this FDA reviewed phase II clinical trial, we evaluated pharmacokinetics of an investigative new drug formulation, INSCOP during ambulatory (AMB) and antiorthostatic bedrest (HBR), a ground-based microgravity analog. Twelve subjects including 6 males and 6 females received 0.2 and 0.4 mg doses of INSCOP on separate days during AMB and ABR in a randomized, double blind cross over experimental design. Blood samples were collected at regular time intervals for 24 h post dose and analyzed for free scopolamine concentrations by an LC-MS-MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using concentration versus time data and compared between AMB and ABR conditions. Results indicated that maximum concentration and relative bioavailability increased marginally during ABR compared to AMB; differences in PK parameters between AMB and ABR were greater with 0.2 mg than with 0.4 mg dose. Gender specific differences in PK parameters was observed both during AMB and ABR with differences higher in females between the two conditions than in males. A significant observation is that while gender differences in PK appear to exist, the differences in primary PK parameters between AMB and ABR after IN administration, unlike oral administration, are minimal and may not be clinically significant for both genders.

A fullerene colloidal suspension stimulates the growth and denitrification ability of wastewater treatment sludge-derived bacteria.

PubMed

Huang, Fei; Ge, Ling; Zhang, Bo; Wang, Yun; Tian, Hao; Zhao, Liping; He, Yiliang; Zhang, Xiaojun

2014-08-01

Fullerene (C60) is a nanoparticle that has been widely studied and applied in numerous commodities. However, there are concerns regarding its potential negative impact on the environment. A fullerene colloidal suspension (nC60) is known for its property of selectively inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. In this study, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting technology, we found that fullerene altered the structure of a sludge-derived microbial community. Specifically, the bacteria from Bacillus, Acidovorax and Cloacibacterium genera were enriched in abundance when supplemented with nC60 at pH 6.5 under aerobic conditions. The effects of the fullerene colloidal suspension on a strain of Bacillus isolated from the same microbial community were evaluated to further characterize the growth-stimulating effect of nC60. The biomass of cultures of this strain incubated with nC60 concentrations ranging from 3 mg L(-1) to 7 mg L(-1) was approximately twice that of the control during the stationary phase. The fullerene also induced higher superoxide dismutase activity in Bacillus cereus. Furthermore, the nitrate removal rate of B. cereus increased to nearly 55% in the presence of 5 mg L(-1) nC60, compared to 35% for the control. Meanwhile, the cumulative loading amount of nitrite was reduced from 33 μg mL(-1) to 25 μg mL(-1) by the addition of 5 mg L(-1) nC60. Our results demonstrate that the fullerene colloidal suspension is conditionally capable of promoting the growth and denitrification metabolism of certain bacteria, such as B. cereus. Fullerene might have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on microorganisms in various environments. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cosmos: 1989 immunology studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sonnenfeld, Gerald

1991-01-01

The effects of flight on Cosmos mission 2044 on leukocyte subset distribution and the sensitivity of bone marrow cells to colony stimulating factor-GM were determined. A parallel study with antiorthostatic suspension was also carried out. The study involved repetition and expansion of studies performed on Cosmos 1887. Spleen and bone marrow cells were obtained from flown, vivarium control, synchronous control, and suspended rats. The cells were stained with a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against rat leukocyte cell surface antigens. Control cells were stained with a monoclonal antibody directed against an irrelevant species or were unstained. Cells were then analyzed for fluorescence using a FACSCAN flow cytometer. Bone marrow cells were placed in culture with GM-CSF in McCoy's 5a medium and incubated for 5 days. Cultures were then evaluated for the number of colonies of 50 cells or greater.

Cosmos-1989 immunology studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sonnenfeld, Gerald

1991-01-01

Evidence from both human and rodent studies has indicated that alterations in immunological parameters occur after space flight. The number of flight experiments has been small, and the full breadth of immunological alterations occurring after space flight remains to be established. Among the major effects on immune responses after space flight that have been reported are: alterations in lymphocyte blastogenesis and natural killer cell activity, alterations in production of cytokines, changes in leukocyte sub-population distribution, and decreases in the ability in the ability of bone marrow cells to respond to colony stimulating factors. Changes have been reported in immunological parameters of both humans and rodents. The significance of these alterations in relation to resistance to infection remains to be established. The current study involved a determination of the effects of flight on Cosmos mission 2044 on leukocyte subset distribution and the sensitivity of bone marrow cells to colony stimulating factor-GM. A parallel study with antiorthostatic suspension was also carried out. The study involved repetition and expansion of studies carried out on Cosmos 1887.

Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal Scopolamine Gel Formation During Antiorthostatic Bedrest - A Microgravity Analog

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lakshmi, Putcha; Singh, R. P.; Crady, V. A.; Derendorf, H.

2011-01-01

Space Motion sickness (SMS) is an age old problem for astronauts on both short and long duration space flights. Scopolamine (SCOP) is the most frequently used drug for the treatment of motion sickness (MS) which is currently available in transdermal patch and tablet dosage forms. These formulations of SCOP are ineffective for the treatment of SMS. Intranasal dosage forms are noninvasive with rapid absorption and enhanced bioavailability thus allowing precise and reduced dosing options in addition to offering rescue and treatment options. As such, an intranasal gel dosage formulation of scopolamine (INSCOP) was developed and Pharmacokinetics (PK) and bioavailability were determined under IND guidelines. The present clinical trial compares PK and bioavailability of INSCOP in 12 normal, healthy subjects (6 male/ 6 female) during ambulation (AMB) and antiorthostatic bedrest (ABR) used as a ground-based microgravity analog. Subjects received 0.2 and 0.4 mg doses of INSCOP during AMB and ABR in a four-way crossover design. Results indicated no difference between AMB and ABR in PK parameters after 0.2 mg dose. Clearance (Cls) decreased with a concomitant increase in maximum concentration and area under concentration versus time curve (AUC) during ABR after the 0.4 mg dose. This difference in AUC and Cls at the higher but not the lower dose during ABR may suggest that ABR may affect metabolism and/or clearance at higher doses of INSCOP. These results indicate that dosing adjustment may be required for treatment of SMS with INSCOP in space.

Development and testing of a mouse simulated space flight model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sonnenfeld, Gerald

1987-01-01

The development and testing of a mouse model for simulating some aspects of weightlessness that occurs during space flight, and the carrying out of immunological experiments on animals undergoing space flight is examined. The mouse model developed was an antiorthostatic, hypokinetic, hypodynamic suspension model similar to one used with rats. The study was divided into two parts. The first involved determination of which immunological parameters should be observed on animals flown during space flight or studied in the suspension model. The second involved suspending mice and determining which of those immunological parameters were altered by the suspension. Rats that were actually flown in Space Shuttle SL-3 were used to test the hypotheses.

Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 6 on the growth of leukemic blasts in suspension culture.

PubMed

Tsao, C J; Cheng, T Y; Chang, S L; Su, W J; Tseng, J Y

1992-05-01

We examined the stimulatory effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 6 (IL)-6 on the in vitro proliferation of leukemic blast cells from patients with acute leukemia. Bone marrow or peripheral blood leukemic blast cells were obtained from 21 patients, including 14 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), four cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), two cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia, and one case of acute mixed-lineage leukemia. The proliferation of leukemic blast cells was evaluated by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into cells incubated with various concentrations of cytokines for 3 days. GM-CSF stimulated the DNA synthesis (with greater than 2.0 stimulation index) of blast cells in 9 of 14 (64%) AML cases, two cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia and one case of acute mixed-lineage leukemia. Only two cases of AML blasts responded to IL-6 to grow in the short-term suspension cultures. GM-CSF and IL-6 did not display a synergistic effect on the growth of leukemic cells. Moreover, GM-CSF and IL-6 did not stimulate the proliferation of ALL blast cells. Binding study also revealed the specific binding of GM-CSF on the blast cells of acute undifferentiated leukemia and acute mixed-lineage leukemia. Our results indicated that leukemic blast cells of acute undifferentiated leukemia and acute mixed-lineage leukemia possessed functional GM-CSF receptors.

Structure of Immune Stimulating Complex Matrices and Immune Stimulating Complexes in Suspension Determined by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

PubMed Central

Pedersen, Jan Skov; Oliveira, Cristiano L.P.; Hübschmann, Henriette Baun; Arleth, Lise; Manniche, Søren; Kirkby, Nicolai; Nielsen, Hanne Mørck

2012-01-01

Immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) particles consisting of a mixture of Quil-A, cholesterol, and phospholipids were structurally characterized by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The ISCOM particles are perforated vesicles of very well-defined structures. We developed and implemented a novel (to our knowledge) modeling method based on Monte Carlo simulation integrations to describe the SAXS data. This approach is similar to the traditional modeling of SAXS data, in which a structure is assumed, the scattering intensity is calculated, and structural parameters are optimized by weighted least-squares methods when the model scattering intensity is fitted to the experimental data. SAXS data from plain ISCOM matrix particles in aqueous suspension, as well as those from complete ISCOMs (i.e., with an antigen (tetanus toxoid) incorporated) can be modeled as a polydisperse distribution of perforated bilayer vesicles with icosahedral, football, or tennis ball structures. The dominating structure is the tennis ball structure, with an outer diameter of 40 nm and with 20 holes 5–6 nm in diameter. The lipid bilayer membrane is 4.6 nm thick, with a low-electron-density, 2.0-nm-thick hydrocarbon core. Surprisingly, in the ISCOMs, the tetanus toxoid is located just below the membrane inside the particles. PMID:22677391

Immunological and Hematopoietic Biotechnology Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fernandez-Botran, Rafael; Sonnenfeld, Gerald

1996-01-01

The purpose of the work carried under this interchanges was to support the development of space flight biotechnology experiments in the areas of immunology and hematopoiesis to facilitate the commercial development of space. The studies involved the interaction and development of experiments with biotechnology companies for necessary ground-based studies to allow the development of flight studies. The thrust of the work was to develop experiments with the Chiron Corporation and Bioserve involving the use of interleukin-2 to modulate the effects of spaceflight on immune responses. Spaceflight has been shown to have multiple effects on immune responses (1). lnterleukin-2 is an immuno-regulator that could have potential to counter some of the alterations induced in immune responses by spaceflight (1). To test this possibility before flight, rats were suspended antiorthostatically (2) and treated with interleukin-2. Antiorthostatic suspension is a model for some of the effects of spaceflight on immune responses (2). The interleukin-2 was given to see if it could alter some of the effects of suspension. This was achieved. As a result of these studies, two flight experiments were developed and flown with the Chiron Corp. And Bioserve to determine if use of interleukin-2 could prevent or attenuate the effects of space flight on immune responses.

Effect of Daily Supine LBNP Exercise on Gastrointestinal Motility During Antiorthostatic Bedrest in Normal Subjects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Putcha, Lakshmi; DeKerlegand, D.; Hargens, Alan R. (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

Space flight alters gastrointestinal (GI) function in general, and GI motility, in particular. This can decrease appetite, affect the body's ability to absorb nutrients, fluids and electrolytes, and contribute to a negative energy balance. Antiorthostatic bed rest (ABR) has been used to simulate microgravity-induced physiological changes in human subjects. The objective of this investigation is to determine if daily supine lower body negative pressure (LBNP) exercise will maintain GI motility at near normal levels during ABR. Eight subjects participated in the study protocol consisting of an ambulatory phase scheduled before bedrest periods and two 14 day bed rest (6 deg head-down tilt) periods, once with and another time without exercise. Supine treadmill running in an LBNP chamber was used for exercise. Mouth-to-cecum transit time (MCTT) of lactulose was measured indirectly using the rise in breath hydrogen level after oral administration of lactulose (20 g) following a standard low-fiber breakfast. GI motility during ambulatory and ABR periods was assessed using MCTT data. Results of this Study indicate that GI motility during ABR without exercise decreased by 45% [MCTT +/- S.E.M. 56.2 +/- 6.0 (Ambulatory); 87.3 +/- 8.3 (ABR)]. Supine LBNP exercise did not significantly alter this reduction in GI motility during ABR [MCTT +/- S.E.M. 81.3 +/- 4.2 (Exercise); 87.3 +/- 8.3 (No Exercise)]. These results suggest that supine LBNP exercise may not be an effective countermeasure for microgravity-induced decrements in GI motility and function.

Thymic involution in the suspended rat model for weightlessness - Decreased glucocorticoid receptor concentration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steffen, J. M.; Musacchia, X. J.

1984-01-01

Hindlimb muscle atrophy, thymic involution and adrenal hypertrophy in rats during spaceflight can be simulated using suspension models. Skeletal muscle and thymus are sensitive to gluco-corticoids (GC), and previous studies have demonstrated that muscle atrophy in suspended rats is associated with increased GC receptor concentration. The objectives were to confirm thymic involution during suspension, and determine if involution correlated with increased GC receptor concentration. Seven days of antiorthostatic (AO) suspension of rats produced a significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in thymic wet weight not associated with an alteration of percent water content. GC receptor concentration (pmol/mg protein) decreased 20 percent (P less than 0.025) in thymus glands from 7 day AO suspended rats. Suspension, therefore, is associated with involution of the thymus, but this is not dependent upon AO positioning. Thymus GC receptor concentrations were depressed in 7-day suspended rats, in contrast with previous observations on skeletal muscle, suggesting that different mechanisms may underlie these responses.

Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

PubMed

Fell, James C; Scherer, Michael

2017-08-18

Administrative license revocation (ALR) laws, which provide that the license of a driver with a blood alcohol concentration at or over the illegal limit is subject to an immediate suspension by the state department of motor vehicles, are an example of a traffic law in which the sanction rapidly follows the offense. The power of ALR laws has been attributed to how swiftly the sanction is applied, but does the length of suspension matter? Our objectives were to (a) determine the relationship of the ALR suspension length to the prevalence of drinking drivers relative to sober drivers in fatal crashes and (b) estimate the extent to which the relationship is associated to the general deterrent effect compared to the specific deterrent effect of the law. Data comparing the impact of ALR law implementation and ALR law suspension periods were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques on the ratio of drinking drivers to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). States with an ALR law with a short suspension period (1-30 days) had a significantly lower drinking driver ratio than states with no ALR law. States with a suspension period of 91-180 days had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods, while the three states with suspension lengths of 181 days or longer had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods. The implementation of any ALR law was associated with a 13.1% decrease in the drinking/nondrinking driver fatal crash ratio but only a 1.8% decrease in the intoxicated/nonintoxicated fatal crash ratio. The ALR laws and suspension lengths had a significant general deterrent effect, but no specific deterrent effect. States might want to keep (or adopt) ALR laws for their general deterrent effects and pursue alternatives for specific deterrent effects. States with short ALR suspension periods should consider lengthening them to 91 days or longer.

The influence of antiorthostatic unloading and long gamma-irradiation on rat bone marrow (MSCs)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roe, Maria; Bobyleva, Polina; Shtemberg, Andrey; Buravkova, Ludmila

With the prospect of long interplanetary spaceflight becoming a real possibility there are some important questions that need to be answered regarding the combined effects of microgravity and long gamma-irradiation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of synchronous antiorthostatic unloading and fractional gamma-irradiation on the functional characteristics of rat bone marrow multipotent stromal cells (MSCs).This experiment was carried out following all rules laid out by the Commission on Bioethics at the SSC RF - IBMP RAS. In this experiment the Wistar rats were kept in an unloaded position for a duration of 30 days. They were also subjected to 6 doses of gamma-radiation on the “GOBO-60” with a source of (137) Cs. The dose rate set to 1 meter 50 sGr / H (Total dose of 3 Gr).The study revealed a significant reduction in the number of colonies (CFU-F) in all cultures from the experimental groups when compared to the control groups. The most significant reduction was observed in the group, which had been subject to combined unloading, and radiation. This result was confirmed by examination of cell cultures during 10 days of growth.We found that the CD45 expression was increased in the groups exposed to radiation. At the same time a reduction in the expression of CD90 was observed during combination of radiation and unloading we found.The experimental groups also differed from the control group showing smaller lipid inclusions and decreased expression of alkaline phosphates in the MSCs. This experiment concluded that the bone marrow MSCs after a combination of unloading and multiple radiation sessions, showed a decrease in proliferation and differentiation potential which could reduce the adaption and reparative capacity of the organism.

Elicitation of andrographolide in the suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata.

PubMed

Gandi, Suryakala; Rao, Kiranmayee; Chodisetti, Bhuvaneswari; Giri, Archana

2012-12-01

Andrographis paniculata belonging to the family Acanthaceae produces a group of diterpene lactones, one of which is the pharmaceutically important-andrographolide. It is known to possess various important biological properties like anticancer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, etc. This is the first report on the production of andrographolide in the cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata by 'elicitation'. Elicitation was attempted to enhance the andrographolide content in the suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata and also to ascertain its stimulation under stress conditions or in response to pathogen attack. The maximum andrographolide production was found to be 1.53 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW) at the end of stationary phase during the growth curve. The biotic elicitors (yeast, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium rhizogenes 532 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C 58) were more effective in eliciting the response when compared to the abiotic elicitors (CdCl(2), AgNO(3), CuCl(2) and HgCl(2)). Yeast has shown to stimulate maximum accumulation of 13.5 mg/g DCW andrographolide, which was found to be 8.82-fold higher than the untreated cultures.

Suspension Bridge Structural Systems: Cable Suspension & Anchorage; Warren Stiffening ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Suspension Bridge Structural Systems: Cable Suspension & Anchorage; Warren Stiffening Truss; Upper & Lower Decks; Assembled System - San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge, Spanning San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

Comparison of the oxygen exchange between photosynthetic cell suspensions and detached leaves of Euphorbia characias L

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carrier, P.; Chagvardieff, P.; Tapie, P.

1989-11-01

Using a mass-spectrometric {sup 16}O{sub 2}/{sup 18}O{sub 2}-isotope technique, we compared the nature and the relative importance of oxygen exchange in photomixotrophic (PM) and photoautotrophic (PA) suspensions of Euphorbia characias L. with those in intact leaves of the same species. Young and mature leaves, dividing and nondividing cell suspensions were characterized in short-term experiments. On chlorophyll basis, the gross photosynthetic activities at CO{sub 2} saturating concentration of PA and PM suspensions varied little from those of leaves. On dry weight basis, gross photosynthesis of PA suspensions was equal to that of leaves because of their similar chlorophyll content. This wasmore » not the case in PM suspensions where gross photosynthesis was lower and largely varied during the growth cycle. The CO{sub 2} compensation point of PA cells was much higher than that of leaves. Oxygen uptakes were analyzed in terms of mitochondrial respiration, photorespiration and light stimulation of oxygen uptake (LSOU), often identified to Mehler-type reactions. In Pa and PM suspensions, mitochondrial respiration rates were higher than in leaves by a factor of 1.5 to 4.5. In PM suspensions, photorespiration and LSOU were observed only in nondividing cells. Photorespiration and LSOU rates were comparable in PA suspensions and leaves. Our results demonstrate that photorespiration of PA suspensions has not been affected by the 2% CO{sub 2} concentration imposed during 2 years of culture.« less

INCIPIENT GERMINATION IN HEAVY SUSPENSIONS OF SPORES OF BACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS AT SUBMINIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURES

PubMed Central

Curran, Harold R.; Pallansch, Michael J.

1963-01-01

Curran, Harold R. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.), and Michael J. Pallansch. Incipient germination in heavy suspensions of spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus at subminimal growth temperatures. J. Bacteriol. 86:911–918. 1963.—By use of spore (plate) counts and permeability to stain, labilization was followed periodically in heavy suspensions of washed Bacillus stearothermophilus 1518 spores incubated at different temperatures. Although vegetative proliferation did not occur below 38 C, incipient germination was rapid down to 20 C and much slower and incomplete at 14 C. Dilution of the suspension materially reduced the degree and rate of labilization. The degree of washing and use of deionized water had no appreciable influence upon early development of the spores. The results are discussed from the point of view of the possible origin and nature of the germination stimulant. Images PMID:14080801

Articulated suspension system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bickler, Donald B. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

The invention provides a rough terrain vehicle which maintains a substantially constant weight, and therefore traction, on all wheels, despite one wheel moving considerably higher or lower than the others, while avoiding a very soft spring suspension. The vehicle includes a chassis or body to be supported and a pair of side suspensions at either side of the body. In a six wheel vehicle, each side suspension includes a middle wheel, and front and rear linkages respectively coupling the front and rear wheels to the middle wheel. A body link pivotally connects the front and rear linkages together, with the middle of the body link rising or falling by only a fraction of the rise or fall of any of the three wheels. The body link pivotally supports the middle of the length of the body. A transverse suspension for suspending the end of the body on the side suspensions includes a middle part pivotally connected to the body about a longitudinal axis and opposite ends each pivotally connected to one of the side suspensions along at least a longitudinal axis.

46 CFR 565.10 - Suspension procedures, period of suspension, and replacement rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension procedures, period of suspension, and replacement rates. 565.10 Section 565.10 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES CONTROLLED CARRIERS § 565.10 Suspension procedures, period...

Improved All-Terrain Suspension System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bickler, Donald B.

1994-01-01

Redesigned suspension system for all-terrain vehicle exhibits enhanced ability to negotiate sand and rocks. Improved six-wheel suspension system includes only two links on each side. Bogie tends to pull rear wheels with it as it climbs. Designed for rover vehicle for exploration of Mars, also has potential application in off-road vehicles, military scout vehicles, robotic emergency vehicles, and toys. Predecessors of suspension system described in "Articulated Suspension Without Springs" (NPO-17354), "Four-Wheel Vehicle Suspension System" (NPO-17407), and "High-Clearance Six-Wheel Suspension" (NPO-17821).

Investigating high-concentration monoclonal antibody powder suspension in nonaqueous suspension vehicles for subcutaneous injection.

PubMed

Bowen, Mayumi; Armstrong, Nick; Maa, Yuh-Fun

2012-12-01

Developing high-concentration monoclonal antibody (mAb) liquid formulations for subcutaneous (s.c.) administration is challenging because increased viscosity makes injection difficult. To overcome this obstacle, we investigated a nonaqueous powder suspension approach. Three IgG1 mAbs were spray dried and suspended at different concentrations in Miglyol® 840, benzyl benzoate, or ethyl lactate. Suspensions were characterized for viscosity, particle size, and syringeability; physical stability was visually inspected. Suspensions generally outperformed liquid solutions for injectability despite higher viscosity at the same mAb concentrations. Powder formulations and properties had little effect on viscosity or injectability. Ethyl lactate suspensions had lowest viscosity (<20 cP) and lowest syringe injection glide force (<15 N) at mAb concentrations as high as 333 mg/mL (500 mg powder/mL). Inverse gas chromatography analysis indicated that the vehicle was the most important factor impacting suspension performance. Ethyl lactate rendered greater heat of sorption (suggesting strong particle-suspension vehicle interaction may reduce particle-particle self-association, leading to low suspension viscosity and glide force) but lacked the physical suspension stability exhibited by the other vehicles. Specific mixtures of ethyl lactate and Miglyol® 840 improved overall performance in high mAb concentration suspensions. This study demonstrated the viability of high mAb concentration (>300 mg/mL) in suspension formulations for s.c. administration. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Self-powered suspension criterion and energy regeneration implementation scheme of motor-driven active suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Shuai; Sun, Weichao

2017-09-01

Active suspension systems have advantages on mitigating the effects of vehicle vibration caused by road roughness, which are one of the most important component parts in influencing the performances of vehicles. However, high amount of energy consumption restricts the application of active suspension systems. From the point of energy saving, this paper presents a self-powered criterion of the active suspension system to judge whether a motor-driven suspension can be self-powered or not, and then a motor parameter condition is developed as a reference to design a self-powered suspension. An energy regeneration implementation scheme is subsequently proposed to make the active suspension which has the potential to be self-powered achieve energy-saving target in the real application. In this implementation scheme, operating electric circuits are designed based on different working status of the actuator and power source and it is realizable to accumulate energy from road vibration and supply energy to the actuator by switching corresponding electric circuits. To apply the self-powered suspension criterion and energy regeneration implementation scheme, an active suspension system is designed with a constrained H∞ controller and calculation results indicate that it has the capability to be self-powered. Simulation results show that the performances of the self-powered active suspension are nearly the same as those of the active suspension with an external energy source and can achieve energy regeneration at the same time.

45 CFR 1641.11 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension. 1641.11 Section 1641.11 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.11 Suspension. (a) IPAs suspended from providing audit...

45 CFR 1641.11 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Suspension. 1641.11 Section 1641.11 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.11 Suspension. (a) IPAs suspended from providing audit...

Rethinking Suspensions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stetson, Frank H.; Collins, Betty J.

2010-01-01

The overrepresentation of the Black and Hispanic subgroups in suspension data is a national problem and a troubling issue for schools and school systems across the United States. In Maryland, an analysis of student suspensions by school districts for the 2006-2007 school year revealed disproportionality issues. In 23 of the 24 jurisdictions,…

21 CFR 1404.1015 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension. 1404.1015 Section 1404.1015 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 1404.1015 Suspension. Suspension is an action taken by a suspending official under subpart G of...

In-School Suspension Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas County Schools, Thomasville, GA.

The in-school suspension program (ISS) for grades 6-12 in Thomas County, Georgia, is described in this report. The program retains students in school, offers individual help, and provides the opportunity to stay on task. During the suspension period, students are placed in individualized carrels in the suspension center and must complete…

Four-Wheel Vehicle Suspension System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bickler, Donald B.

1990-01-01

Four-wheel suspension system uses simple system of levers with no compliant components to provide three-point suspension of chassis of vehicle while maintaining four-point contact with uneven terrain. Provides stability against tipping of four-point rectangular base, without rocking contact to which rigid four-wheel frame susceptible. Similar to six-wheel suspension system described in "Articulated Suspension Without Springs" (NPO-17354).

44 CFR 17.615 - Grounds for suspension of payments, suspension or termination of grants, or suspension or debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Grounds for suspension of... Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY GENERAL GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (GRANTS) § 17.615 Grounds for suspension of payments...

Decreasing School Suspensions among Middle School Children by Implementing a Rehabilitative In-Room Suspension.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Novell, Ireneanne

This practicum report describes a 15-day in-room suspension strategy designed to reduce the increasing number of principal-initiated student suspensions resulting from inappropriate conduct. The program's distinguishing features entailed a central figure who predetermined the candidates by means of a pre-suspension interview, parental-student…

Suspension, a Wake-Up Call: Rural Educators' Attitudes toward Suspension.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Joan; Friedland, Billie

Data from the West Virginia Department of Education reveals that from September 1991 to January 1992, school districts reported 18,915 out-of-school suspensions involving 12,997 students. In 1995, the West Virginia State Legislature enacted the Safe Schools Act, which specifically mandates suspension for no less than 12 consecutive months for…

Efficient Secretion of Recombinant Proteins from Rice Suspension-Cultured Cells Modulated by the Choice of Signal Peptide.

PubMed

Huang, Li-Fen; Tan, Chia-Chun; Yeh, Ju-Fang; Liu, Hsin-Yi; Liu, Yu-Kuo; Ho, Shin-Lon; Lu, Chung-An

2015-01-01

Plant-based expression systems have emerged as a competitive platform in the large-scale production of recombinant proteins. By adding a signal peptide, αAmy3sp, the desired recombinant proteins can be secreted outside transgenic rice cells, making them easy to harvest. In this work, to improve the secretion efficiency of recombinant proteins in rice expression systems, various signal peptides including αAmy3sp, CIN1sp, and 33KDsp have been fused to the N-terminus of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and introduced into rice cells to explore the efficiency of secretion of foreign proteins. 33KDsp had better efficiency than αAmy3sp and CIN1sp for the secretion of GFP from calli and suspension-cultured cells. 33KDsp was further applied for the secretion of mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) from transgenic rice suspension-cultured cells; approximately 76%-92% of total rice-derived mGM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) was detected in the culture medium. The rmGM-CSF was bioactive and could stimulate the proliferation of a murine myeloblastic leukemia cell line, NSF-60. The extracellular yield of rmGM-CSF reached 31.7 mg/L. Our study indicates that 33KDsp is better at promoting the secretion of recombinant proteins in rice suspension-cultured cell systems than the commonly used αAmy3sp.

Suspension and Debarment Regulations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Governmentwide Nonprocurement Suspension and Debarment Guidelines and EPA Implementation. Executive Order 12549 provides for a governmentwide system of nonprocurment (grants and cooperative agreements) debarment and suspension.

13 CFR 147.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Suspension. 147.670 Section 147.670 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 147.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken by a...

45 CFR 630.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension. 630.670 Section 630.670 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 630.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action...

50 CFR 13.27 - Permit suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Permit suspension. 13.27 Section 13.27... GENERAL PERMIT PROCEDURES Permit Administration § 13.27 Permit suspension. (a) Criteria for suspension..., the reason(s) for such suspension, the actions necessary to correct the deficiencies, and inform the...

10 CFR 607.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Suspension. 607.670 Section 607.670 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 607.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken by a Federal agency that...

34 CFR 84.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension. 84.670 Section 84.670 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 84.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken by a Federal agency that...

31 CFR 20.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Suspension. 20.670 Section 20.670 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 20.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken...

31 CFR 20.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Suspension. 20.670 Section 20.670 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 20.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken...

31 CFR 20.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Suspension. 20.670 Section 20.670 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 20.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken...

31 CFR 20.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension. 20.670 Section 20.670 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 20.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken...

31 CFR 20.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suspension. 20.670 Section 20.670 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 20.670 Suspension. Suspension means an action taken...

Simulations of flexible fiber suspensions

Treesearch

Emilio J. Tozzi; Daniel J. Klingenberg; C. Tim Scott; Pasi Miettinen

2005-01-01

Fiber-level simulations are employed to probe the relationships between various properties and macroscopic behavior of flexible fiber suspensions. Issues addressed include flocculation, suspension rheology, and handsheet formation and testing. Results show that such simulations can be useful tools for understanding the factors that control the behavior of suspensions...

Oesophageal bioadhesion of sodium alginate suspensions 2. Suspension behaviour on oesophageal mucosa.

PubMed

Richardson, J Craig; Dettmar, Peter W; Hampson, Frank C; Melia, Colin D

2005-01-01

Sodium alginate suspensions in a range of water miscible vehicles were investigated as novel bioadhesive liquids for targeting the oesophageal mucosa. Such a dosage form might be utilised to coat the oesophageal surface and provide a protective barrier against gastric reflux, or to deliver therapeutic agents site-specifically. Alginate suspensions swelled and formed an adherent viscous layer on contact with the mucosa. The swelling kinetics of alginate particles on the oesophageal surface was examined with respect to vehicle composition and related to the extent, duration and location of bioadhesion within the oesophagus. Mucosal retention was evaluated in two in vitro models utilising tissue immersion and a peristaltic tube. By varying the vehicle composition it was possible to modulate the rate of swelling of alginate particles on the mucosa and the mucosal retention of suspensions. Suspensions containing predominantly glycerol exhibited superior retention and were preferentially retained within the lower oesophagus. The propensity of these suspensions to rapidly swell on the mucosa and establish adhesive/cohesive bonds may explain their enhanced retention. The potential to control, through vehicle composition, the extent, duration and location of oesophageal retention could provide a useful tool for site targeting of viscous polymers to the oesophagus.

Microfluidic Bead Suspension Hopper

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Many high-throughput analytical platforms, from next-generation DNA sequencing to drug discovery, rely on beads as carriers of molecular diversity. Microfluidic systems are ideally suited to handle and analyze such bead libraries with high precision and at minute volume scales; however, the challenge of introducing bead suspensions into devices before they sediment usually confounds microfluidic handling and analysis. We developed a bead suspension hopper that exploits sedimentation to load beads into a microfluidic droplet generator. A suspension hopper continuously delivered synthesis resin beads (17 μm diameter, 112,000 over 2.67 h) functionalized with a photolabile linker and pepstatin A into picoliter-scale droplets of an HIV-1 protease activity assay to model ultraminiaturized compound screening. Likewise, trypsinogen template DNA-coated magnetic beads (2.8 μm diameter, 176,000 over 5.5 h) were loaded into droplets of an in vitro transcription/translation system to model a protein evolution experiment. The suspension hopper should effectively remove any barriers to using suspensions as sample inputs, paving the way for microfluidic automation to replace robotic library distribution. PMID:24761972

Crewbot Suspension Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, Nathan A.

2005-01-01

Planetary Surface Robot Work Crews (RWC) represent a new class of construction robots for future deployment in planetary exploration. Rovers currently being used for the RWC platform lack the load carrying capabilities required in regular work. Two new rovers, dubbed CrewBots, being designed in JPL's Planetary Robotics Lab specifically for RWC applications greatly increase the load carrying capabilities of the platform. A major component of the rover design was the design of the rocker type suspension, which increases rover mobility. The design of the suspension for the Crewbots departed from the design of recent rovers. While many previous rovers have used internal bevel gear differentials, the increased load requirements of the Crewbots calls for a more robust system. The solution presented is the use of an external modified three-bar, slider-linkage, rocker-style suspension that increases the moment arm of the differential. The final product is a suspension system capable of supporting the extreme loading cases the RWC platform presents, without consuming a large portion of the Crewbots' internal space.

Observation of stimulated Mie-Bragg scattering from large-size-gold-nanorod suspension in water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Guang S.; Yong, Ken-Tye; Zhu, Jing; Prasad, P. N.

2012-04-01

Highly directional backward stimulated scattering has been observed from large-size-gold nanorods suspended in water, pumped with ˜816 nm and ˜10 ns laser pulses. In comparison with other known stimulated scattering effects, the newly observed effect exhibits the following features. (i) The scattering centers are impurity particles with a size comparable in order of magnitude to the incident wavelength. (ii) There is no frequency shift between the pump wavelength and the stimulated scattering wavelength. (iii) The pump threshold can be significantly lower than that of stimulated Brillouin scattering in pure water. The nonfrequency shift can be explained by the formation of a standing-wave Bragg grating induced by the interference between the forward pump beam and the backward Mie-scattering beam. The low pump threshold results from stronger initial Mie-scattering (seed) signals and the intensity-dependent refractive-index change of the scattering medium enhanced by metallic nanoparticles.

Extensional rheology of active suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saintillan, David

2010-05-01

A simple model is presented for the effective extensional rheology of a dilute suspension of active particles, such as self-propelled microswimmers, extending previous classical studies on suspensions of passive rodlike particles. Neglecting particle-particle hydrodynamic interactions, we characterize the configuration of the suspension by an orientation distribution, which satisfies a Fokker-Planck equation including the effects of an external flow field and of rotary diffusion. Knowledge of this orientation distribution then allows the determination of the particle extra stress as a configurational average of the force dipoles exerted by the particles on the fluid, which involve contributions from the imposed flow, rotary diffusion, and the permanent dipoles resulting from activity. Analytical expressions are obtained for the stress tensor in uniaxial extensional and compressional flows, as well as in planar extensional flow. In all types of flows, the effective viscosity is found to increase as a result of activity in suspensions of head-actuated swimmers (pullers) and to decrease in suspensions of tail-actuated swimmers (pushers). In the latter case, a negative particle viscosity is found to occur in weak flows. In planar extensional flow, we also characterize normal stresses, which are enhanced by activity in suspensions of pullers but reduced in suspensions of pushers. Finally, an energetic interpretation of the seemingly unphysical decrease in viscosity predicted in suspensions of pushers is proposed, where the decrease is explained as a consequence of the active power input generated by the swimming particles and is shown not to be directly related to viscous dissipative processes.

20 CFR 416.1320 - Suspensions; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Suspensions and Terminations § 416.1320 Suspensions; general. (a) When suspension is... (a) of this section apply because your impairment is no longer disabling or you are no longer blind...

FGFR1 inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy associated with hindlimb suspension

PubMed Central

Eash, John; Olsen, Aaron; Breur, Gert; Gerrard, Dave; Hannon, Kevin

2007-01-01

Background Skeletal muscle atrophy can occur under many different conditions, including prolonged disuse or immobilization, cachexia, cushingoid conditions, secondary to surgery, or with advanced age. The mechanisms by which unloading of muscle is sensed and translated into signals controlling tissue reduction remains a major question in the field of musculoskeletal research. While the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors are synthesized by, and intimately involved in, embryonic skeletal muscle growth and repair, their role maintaining adult muscle status has not been examined. Methods We examined the effects of ectopic expression of FGFR1 during disuse-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy, utilizing hindlimb suspension and DNA electroporation in mice. Results We found skeletal muscle FGF4 and FGFR1 mRNA expression to be modified by hind limb suspension,. In addition, we found FGFR1 protein localized in muscle fibers within atrophying mouse muscle which appeared to be resistant to atrophy. Electroporation and ectopic expression of FGFR1 significantly inhibited the decrease in muscle fiber area within skeletal muscles of mice undergoing suspension induced muscle atrophy. Ectopic FGFR1 expression in muscle also significantly stimulated protein synthesis in muscle fibers, and increased protein degradation in weight bearing muscle fibers. Conclusion These results support the theory that FGF signaling can play a role in regulation of postnatal skeletal muscle maintenance, and could offer potentially novel and efficient therapeutic options for attenuating muscle atrophy during aging, illness and spaceflight. PMID:17425786

Flow-induced gelation of microfiber suspensions.

PubMed

Perazzo, Antonio; Nunes, Janine K; Guido, Stefano; Stone, Howard A

2017-10-10

The flow behavior of fiber suspensions has been studied extensively, especially in the limit of dilute concentrations and rigid fibers; at the other extreme, however, where the suspensions are concentrated and the fibers are highly flexible, much less is understood about the flow properties. We use a microfluidic method to produce uniform concentrated suspensions of high aspect ratio, flexible microfibers, and we demonstrate the shear thickening and gelling behavior of such microfiber suspensions, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported previously. By rheological means, we show that flowing the suspension triggers the irreversible formation of topological entanglements of the fibers resulting in an entangled water-filled network. This phenomenon suggests that flexible fiber suspensions can be exploited to produce a new family of flow-induced gelled materials, such as porous hydrogels. A significant consequence of these flow properties is that the microfiber suspension is injectable through a needle, from which it can be extruded directly as a hydrogel without any chemical reactions or further treatments. Additionally, we show that this fiber hydrogel is a soft, viscoelastic, yield-stress material.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Link Between Cell Activation State and Its Rheological Impact on the Microscale Flow of Neutrophil Suspensions

PubMed Central

Akenhead, Michael L.; Horrall, Nolan M.; Rowe, Dylan; Sethu, Palaniappan; Shin, Hainsworth Y.

2015-01-01

Activated neutrophils have been reported to affect peripheral resistance, for example, by plugging capillaries or adhering to the microvasculature. In vivo and ex vivo data indicate that activated neutrophils circulating in the blood also influence peripheral resistance. We used viscometry and microvascular mimics for in vitro corroboration. The rheological impact of differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 promyelocytes (dHL60s) or human neutrophil suspensions stimulated with 10 nM fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) was quantified using a cone-plate rheometer (450 s−1 shear rate). To evaluate their impact on microscale flow resistance, we used 10-μm Isopore® membranes to model capillaries as well as single 200 × 50 μm microchannels and networks of twenty 20 × 50 μm microfluidic channels to mimic noncapillary microvasculature. Stimulation of dHL60 and neutrophil populations significantly altered their flow behavior as evidenced by their impact on suspension viscosity. Notably, hematocrit abrogated the impact of leukocyte activation on blood cell suspension viscosity. In micropore filters, activated cell suspensions enhanced flow resistance. This effect was further enhanced by the presence of erythrocytes. The resistance of our noncapillary microvascular mimics to flow of activated neutrophil suspensions was significantly increased only with hematocrit. Notably, it was elevated to a higher extent within the micronetwork chambers compared to the single-channel chambers. Collectively, our findings provide supportive evidence that activated neutrophils passing through the microcirculation may alter hemodynamic resistance due to their altered rheology in the noncapillary microvasculature. This effect is another way neutrophil activation due to chronic inflammation may, at least in part, contribute to the elevated hemodynamic resistance associated with cardiovascular diseases (e.g., hypertension and hypercholesterolemia). PMID:26065495

In Vitro Evaluation of the Link Between Cell Activation State and Its Rheological Impact on the Microscale Flow of Neutrophil Suspensions.

PubMed

Akenhead, Michael L; Horrall, Nolan M; Rowe, Dylan; Sethu, Palaniappan; Shin, Hainsworth Y

2015-09-01

Activated neutrophils have been reported to affect peripheral resistance, for example, by plugging capillaries or adhering to the microvasculature. In vivo and ex vivo data indicate that activated neutrophils circulating in the blood also influence peripheral resistance. We used viscometry and microvascular mimics for in vitro corroboration. The rheological impact of differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 promyelocytes (dHL60s) or human neutrophil suspensions stimulated with 10 nM fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) was quantified using a cone-plate rheometer (450 s(-1) shear rate). To evaluate their impact on microscale flow resistance, we used 10-μm Isopore® membranes to model capillaries as well as single 200 × 50 μm microchannels and networks of twenty 20 × 50 μm microfluidic channels to mimic noncapillary microvasculature. Stimulation of dHL60 and neutrophil populations significantly altered their flow behavior as evidenced by their impact on suspension viscosity. Notably, hematocrit abrogated the impact of leukocyte activation on blood cell suspension viscosity. In micropore filters, activated cell suspensions enhanced flow resistance. This effect was further enhanced by the presence of erythrocytes. The resistance of our noncapillary microvascular mimics to flow of activated neutrophil suspensions was significantly increased only with hematocrit. Notably, it was elevated to a higher extent within the micronetwork chambers compared to the single-channel chambers. Collectively, our findings provide supportive evidence that activated neutrophils passing through the microcirculation may alter hemodynamic resistance due to their altered rheology in the noncapillary microvasculature. This effect is another way neutrophil activation due to chronic inflammation may, at least in part, contribute to the elevated hemodynamic resistance associated with cardiovascular diseases (e.g., hypertension and hypercholesterolemia).

45 CFR 1641.12 - Procedures for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedures for suspension. 1641.12 Section 1641.12 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.12 Procedures for suspension. Before...

45 CFR 1641.12 - Procedures for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Procedures for suspension. 1641.12 Section 1641.12 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.12 Procedures for suspension. Before...

45 CFR 1641.13 - Causes for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Causes for suspension. 1641.13 Section 1641.13 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.13 Causes for suspension. The debarring...

45 CFR 1641.13 - Causes for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Causes for suspension. 1641.13 Section 1641.13 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.13 Causes for suspension. The debarring...

Rethinking Universal Suspension for Severe Student Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinze-Pifer, Rebecca; Sartain, Lauren

2018-01-01

Driven by a combination of concern for historically high suspension rates and substantial disproportionalities in suspension use, a recent wave of education reforms encourages schools to reduce their use of suspensions for student behavior management. Both academic and political discourse has focused on the extensive use of suspension for…

Suspension Needn't Arrest Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seegrist, Ruth

1985-01-01

An inschool suspension program at a Pennsylvania school district is described. Students spend suspension time completing classroom assignments under strict teacher supervision in detention halls. (TE)

49 CFR 570.61 - Suspension system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Suspension system. 570.61 Section 570.61 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... 10,000 Pounds § 570.61 Suspension system. (a) Suspension condition. Ball joint seals shall not be cut...

49 CFR 570.61 - Suspension system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Suspension system. 570.61 Section 570.61 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... 10,000 Pounds § 570.61 Suspension system. (a) Suspension condition. Ball joint seals shall not be cut...

29 CFR 4281.41 - Benefit suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Benefit suspensions. 4281.41 Section 4281.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION INSOLVENCY, REORGANIZATION... WITHDRAWAL Benefit Suspensions § 4281.41 Benefit suspensions. If the plan sponsor determines that the plan is...

29 CFR 4281.41 - Benefit suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Benefit suspensions. 4281.41 Section 4281.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION INSOLVENCY, REORGANIZATION... WITHDRAWAL Benefit Suspensions § 4281.41 Benefit suspensions. If the plan sponsor determines that the plan is...

29 CFR 4281.41 - Benefit suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Benefit suspensions. 4281.41 Section 4281.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION INSOLVENCY, REORGANIZATION... WITHDRAWAL Benefit Suspensions § 4281.41 Benefit suspensions. If the plan sponsor determines that the plan is...

29 CFR 4281.41 - Benefit suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Benefit suspensions. 4281.41 Section 4281.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION INSOLVENCY, REORGANIZATION... WITHDRAWAL Benefit Suspensions § 4281.41 Benefit suspensions. If the plan sponsor determines that the plan is...

29 CFR 4281.41 - Benefit suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Benefit suspensions. 4281.41 Section 4281.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION INSOLVENCY, REORGANIZATION... WITHDRAWAL Benefit Suspensions § 4281.41 Benefit suspensions. If the plan sponsor determines that the plan is...

49 CFR 570.8 - Suspension systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension systems. 570.8 Section 570.8 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... Pounds or Less § 570.8 Suspension systems. (a) Suspension condition. Ball joint seals shall not be cut or...

Magnetic suspension options for spacecraft inertia-wheel applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Downer, J. R.

1984-01-01

Design criteria for spacecraft inertia-wheel suspensions are listed. The advantages of magnetic suspensions over other suspension types for spacecraft inertia-wheel applications are cited along with the functions performed by magnetic suspension. The common designs for magnetic suspensions are enumerated. Materials selection of permanent magnets and core materials is considered.

Decoupling suspension controller based on magnetic flux feedback.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenqing; Li, Jie; Zhang, Kun; Cui, Peng

2013-01-01

The suspension module control system model has been established based on MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) state feedback linearization. We have completed decoupling between double suspension points, and the new decoupling method has been applied to CMS04 magnetic suspension vehicle in national mid-low-speed maglev experiment field of Tangshan city in China. Double suspension system model is very accurate for investigating stability property of maglev control system. When magnetic flux signal is taken back to the suspension control system, the suspension module's antijamming capacity for resisting suspension load variety has been proved. Also, the external force interference has been enhanced. As a result, the robustness and stability properties of double-electromagnet suspension control system have been enhanced.

Decoupling Suspension Controller Based on Magnetic Flux Feedback

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wenqing; Li, Jie; Zhang, Kun; Cui, Peng

2013-01-01

The suspension module control system model has been established based on MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) state feedback linearization. We have completed decoupling between double suspension points, and the new decoupling method has been applied to CMS04 magnetic suspension vehicle in national mid-low-speed maglev experiment field of Tangshan city in China. Double suspension system model is very accurate for investigating stability property of maglev control system. When magnetic flux signal is taken back to the suspension control system, the suspension module's antijamming capacity for resisting suspension load variety has been proved. Also, the external force interference has been enhanced. As a result, the robustness and stability properties of double-electromagnet suspension control system have been enhanced. PMID:23844415

Design analysis of formula student race car suspension system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wirawan, Julian Wisnu; Ubaidillah, Aditra, Rama; Alnursyah, Rafli; Rahman, Rizki Abdul; Cahyono, Sukmaji Indro

2018-02-01

Design analysis of suspension especially for racecar suspension is very crucial to achieve maximum performance and handling. Suspension design may vary depending on the road terrain and the vehicle purpose itself, such as high speed or off-road vehicle. This paper focused on the suspension which used for racecar vehicle. The suspension type used was unequal double wishbone. This model is used because of its stability for high-speed usage compared to another kind of suspension. The suspension parameter was calculated to achieve desired performance. The result is the motion ratio of the designed suspension geometry. The obtained value of motion ratio was 1:2 for front suspension and 1:1 for the rear suspension. These calculation result the front suspension is still too soft, which the optimal motion ratio should be kept around 1:1 for better handling. This problem caused by the lack of space for suspension linkage.

49 CFR 393.207 - Suspension systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... bar. No torsion bar or torsion bar suspension shall be cracked or broken. (f) Air suspensions. The air... the controls are either located on the trailer, or the power unit and trailer combination are not....207 Suspension systems. (a) Axles. No axle positioning part shall be cracked, broken, loose or missing...

Rheological behavior of oxide nanopowder suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cinar, Simge

Ceramic nanopowders offer great potential in advanced ceramic materials and many other technologically important applications. Because a material's rheological properties are crucial for most processing routes, control of the rheological behavior has drawn significant attention in the recent past. The control of rheological behavior relies on an understanding of how different parameters affect the suspension viscosities. Even though the suspension stabilization mechanisms are relatively well understood for sub-micron and micron size particle systems, this knowledge cannot be directly transferred to nanopowder suspensions. Nanopowder suspensions exhibit unexpectedly high viscosities that cannot be explained with conventional mechanisms and are still a topic of investigation. This dissertation aims to establish the critical parameters governing the rheological behavior of concentrated oxide nanopowder suspensions, and to elucidate the mechanisms by which these parameters control the rheology of these suspensions. Aqueous alumina nanopowders were chosen as a model system, and the findings were extrapolated to other oxide nanopowder systems such as zirconia, yttria stabilized zirconia, and titania. Processing additives such as fructose, NaCl, HCl, NaOH, and ascorbic acid were used in this study. The effect of solids content and addition of fructose on the viscosity of alumina nanopowder suspensions was investigated by low temperature differential scanning calorimetry (LT-DSC), rheological, and zeta potential measurements. The analysis of bound water events observed in LT-DSC revealed useful information regarding the rheological behavior of nanopowder suspensions. Because of the significance of interparticle interactions in nanopowder suspensions, the electrostatic stabilization was investigated using indifferent and potential determining ions. Different mechanisms, e.g., the effect of the change in effective volume fraction caused by fructose addition and electrostatic

Dynamic shear jamming in granular suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peters, Ivo; Majumdar, Sayantan; Jaeger, Heinrich

2014-11-01

Jamming by shear allows a frictional granular packing to transition from an unjammed state into a jammed state while keeping the system volume and average packing fraction constant. Shear jamming of dry granular media can occur quasi-statically, but boundaries are crucial to confine the material. We perform experiments in aqueous starch suspension where we apply shear using a rheometer with a large volume (400 ml) cylindrical Couette cell. In our suspensions the packing fraction is sufficiently low that quasi-static deformation does not induce a shear jammed state. Applying a shock-like deformation however, will turn the suspension into a jammed solid. A fully jammed state is reached within tens of microseconds, and can be sustained for at least several seconds. High speed imaging of the initial process reveals a jamming front propagating radially outward through the suspension, while the suspension near the outer boundary remains quiescent. This indicates that granular suspensions can be shear jammed without the need of confining solid boundaries. Instead, confinement is most likely provided by the dynamics in the front region.

Acid-growth response and alpha-expansins in suspension cultures of bright yellow 2 tobacco

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Link, B. M.; Cosgrove, D. J.

1998-01-01

The possibility that Bright Yellow 2 (BY2) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension-cultured cells possess an expansin-mediated acid-growth mechanism was examined by multiple approaches. BY2 cells grew three times faster upon treatment with fusicoccin, which induces an acidification of the cell wall. Exogenous expansins likewise stimulated BY2 cell growth 3-fold. Protein extracted from BY2 cell walls possessed the expansin-like ability to induce extension of isolated walls. In western-blot analysis of BY2 wall protein, one band of 29 kD was recognized by anti-expansin antibody. Six different classes of alpha-expansin mRNA were identified in a BY2 cDNA library. Northern-blot analysis indicated moderate to low abundance of multiple alpha-expansin mRNAs in BY2 cells. From these results we conclude that BY2 suspension-cultured cells have the necessary components for expansin-mediated cell wall enlargement.

48 CFR 42.1302 - Suspension of work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Delay of Work 42.1302 Suspension of work. A suspension of work under a construction or architect... suspension is unreasonable, the contractor may submit a written claim for increases in the cost of...

48 CFR 42.1302 - Suspension of work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Delay of Work 42.1302 Suspension of work. A suspension of work under a construction or architect... suspension is unreasonable, the contractor may submit a written claim for increases in the cost of...

48 CFR 42.1302 - Suspension of work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Delay of Work 42.1302 Suspension of work. A suspension of work under a construction or architect... suspension is unreasonable, the contractor may submit a written claim for increases in the cost of...

48 CFR 42.1302 - Suspension of work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Delay of Work 42.1302 Suspension of work. A suspension of work under a construction or architect... suspension is unreasonable, the contractor may submit a written claim for increases in the cost of...

48 CFR 42.1302 - Suspension of work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Delay of Work 42.1302 Suspension of work. A suspension of work under a construction or architect... suspension is unreasonable, the contractor may submit a written claim for increases in the cost of...

Ultrasonic characterization of solid liquid suspensions

DOEpatents

Panetta, Paul D.

2010-06-22

Using an ultrasonic field, properties of a solid liquid suspension such as through-transmission attenuation, backscattering, and diffuse field are measured. These properties are converted to quantities indicating the strength of different loss mechanisms (such as absorption, single scattering and multiple scattering) among particles in the suspension. Such separation of the loss mechanisms can allow for direct comparison of the attenuating effects of the mechanisms. These comparisons can also indicate a model most likely to accurately characterize the suspension and can aid in determination of properties such as particle size, concentration, and density of the suspension.

Stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering in plant virus suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donchenko, E. K.; Karpova, O. V.; Kudryavtseva, A. D.; Pershin, S. M.; Savichev, V. I.; Strokov, M. A.; Tcherniega, N. V.; Zemskov, K. I.

2017-11-01

The study deals with laser pulse interaction with plant viruses: we investigated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and two types of potato viruses (PVX and PVA) in Tris-HCl pH7.5 buffer and in water. We used 20 ns ruby laser pulses for excitation. We employed Fabry-Pérot interferometers to record spectra of the light passing through the sample and reflected from it. For TMV and PVX in Tris-HCl pH7.5 buffer, same as for PVA in water, we observed additional spectral lines corresponding to the stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS). We believe we were the first to measure SLFRS frequency shifts, conversion efficiency and threshold. High conversion efficiency of the scattered light is evidence of laser pulses efficiently exciting gigahertz vibrations in viruses. SLFRS can be used to identify and affect biological nanoparticles.

Static Histomorphometry of the iliac crest after 360 days of antiorthostatic bed rest with and without countermeasures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomsen, J. S.; Morukov, B. V.; Vico, L.; Saparin, P. I.; Gowin, W.

The loss of bone during immobilization is well-known and investigated, whereas the structural changes human cancellous bone undergoes during disuse is less well examined. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of hypokinesia on the static histomorphometric measures of the iliac crest using a 360-day-long bed rest experiment, simulating exposure to microgravity. Eight healthy males underwent 360 days of 5° head-down tilt bed rest. Three subjects were treated with the bisphosphonate Xidifon (900 mg/day) combined with a treadmill and ergonometer exercise regimen (1--2 hours/day) for the entire study period. Five subjects underwent 120 days of bed rest without countermeasures followed by 240 days of bed rest with the treadmill and ergonometer exercise regimen. Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained either at day 0 and 360 or at day 0, 120, and 360 at alternating sides of the ileum. The biopsies were embedded in methylmethacrylate, cut in 7-μm-thick sections, stained with Goldner trichrome, and static histomorphometry was performed. 120 days of bed rest without countermeasures resulted in decreased trabecular bone volume (-6.3%, p = 0.046) and trabecular number (-10.2%, p = 0.080) and increased trabecular separation (14.7%, p = 0.020), whereas 240 days of subsequent bed rest with exercise treatment prevented further significant deterioration of the histomorphometric measures. 360 days of bed rest with bisphosphonate and exercise treatment did not induce any significant changes in any of the histomorphometric measures. The study showed that 120 days of antiorthostatic bed rest without countermeasures induced significant deterioration of iliac crest trabecular bone histomorphometric properties. There are indications that the immobilization induced changes involve a loss of trabeculae rather than a general thinning of the trabeculae. On average, the countermeasures consisting of either bisphosphonate and exercise or exercise alone were able to either prevent

Drop formation in shear-thickening granular suspensions.

PubMed

Pan, Zhongcheng; Louvet, Nicolas; Hennequin, Yves; Kellay, Hamid; Bonn, Daniel

2015-11-01

We study droplet formation in granular suspensions by systematically varying the volume fractions (φ) and particle diameters (d). For suspensions with water as the suspending liquid, we find three different regimes. For dilute suspensions (φ≤45%), drop formation follows the predictions for inertial breakup and exhibits identical dynamics to that of pure water. The breakup is strongly asymmetrical in this case. Only for more concentrated suspensions (φ>45%) does the presence of particles change the dynamics and two other regimes, a symmetrical inertial regime and a Bagnoldian regime, are uncovered. We construct and discuss a phase diagram that allows us to understand and predict the breakup behavior in granular suspensions.

45 CFR 1641.14 - Notice of proposed suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Notice of proposed suspension. 1641.14 Section 1641.14 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.14 Notice of proposed suspension...

45 CFR 1641.14 - Notice of proposed suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Notice of proposed suspension. 1641.14 Section 1641.14 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.14 Notice of proposed suspension...

Rheology of fiber suspensions using MRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jenny, M.; Ferrari, M.; Gaudel, N.; Kiesgen de Richter, S.

2018-02-01

The suspensions of non-Brownian fibers are of interest for many applications. Although many studies concerning suspensions are available in the literature, most of them concern suspensions of spherical particles. In this paper, global and local rheology of fiber suspensions are explored near the jamming transition. A critical volume fraction is extracted from the experimental data. The value of this critical volume fraction is in agreement with the expected value of the concentration of rigid rods above which the isotropic phase becomes unstable. Moreover, non-reversible effects of the shearing are observed in flow curves because of the non-Brownian behavior of the studied fibers.

Naratriptan hydrochloride in extemporaneosly compounded oral suspensions.

PubMed

Zhang, Y P; Trissel, L A; Fox, J L

2000-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmaceutical acceptability and chemical stability of naratriptan hydrochloride in three extemporaneously compounded suspension formulations. The naratriptan-hydrochloride oral suspensions were prepared from 2.5-mg commercial tablets yielding a nominal naratriptan concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The suspension vehicles selected for testing were Syrpalta, an equal-parts mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet, and an equal-parts mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet SF. The tablets were crushed and thoroughly triturated to a fine powder using a porcelain mortar and pestle. The powder was incorporated into a portion of the Syrpalta or Ora-Plus suspension vehicle and mixed until homogeneous. The mixtures were then brought to volume with Syrpalta, Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF, as appropriate. The suspensions were packaged in amber, plastic, screw-cap prescription bottles and stored at 23 deg C for seven days and 4 deg C for 90 days. An adequate suspension was never achieved in Syrpalta. The crushed-tablet powder did not produce a uniformly dispersed mixture and exhibited clumping and a high rate of sedimentation. A distinct layer of the solid tablet material settled immediately after shaking. Over the next four hours, a densely packed, yellow, caked layer formed at the bottom of the containers, making resuspension difficult. During storage, the caking became worse. Chemical analysis was not performed. The Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF suspensions had a slight greenish cast and were resuspended without difficulty by shaking for approximately ten seconds, yielding easily poured and homogeneous mixtures throughout the study. Visible settling and layering did not begin for four hours with the Ora-Sweet suspension and 24 hours for the Ora-Sweet SF suspension. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis found that the naratriptan concentration in both suspension-vehicle combinations exhibited little or no loss for seven days at 23

Stability of Metronidazole Suspensions.

PubMed

Donnelly, Ronald F; Ying, James

2015-01-01

Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal agent used in the treatment of bacterial and protozoal anaerobic infections. The objectives of this study were to develop concentrated metronidazole suspensions that are inexpensive and easy to prepare and determine the stability of these suspensions after storage in amber polyvinyl chloride bottles at room temperature (23°C) and under refrigeration (5°C). Metronidazole suspensions (50 mg/mL) were prepared from powder using Ora-Blend or simple syrup as the vehicles. Samples were collected in triplicate from each container on days 0, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 93. Samples were assayed using a high-performance liquid chromatography method that had been validated as stability indicating. Color, change in physical appearance, and pH were also monitored at each time interval. There was no apparent change in color or physical appearance. The pH values changed by less than 0.20 units over the 93 days. The stability of metronidazole suspensions compounded from United States Pharmacopeia powder using Ora-Blend or simple syrup and packaged in amber polyvinyl chloride bottles was determined to be 93 days when stored at either room temperature or under refrigeration.

Optimized delivery of skin keratinocytes by aerosolization and suspension in fibrin tissue adhesive.

PubMed

Harkin, Damien G; Dawson, Rebecca A; Upton, Zee

2006-01-01

Aerosolized suspensions of keratinocytes provide a potential therapy for wounds, but the effects of aerosolization on cell viability remain unclear. Likewise, little is known of the resulting cell distribution pattern and how this compares to the density required for epithelialization. The potential benefits of cospraying cells in the presence of fibrin adhesive are equally uncertain. Thus, in the present study we have optimized conditions for the aerosolization of cultured keratinocytes using a device (Tissomat) that supports the option for coapplication with fibrin (Tisseel). Cell viability was unaffected when sprayed at 10 psi, but a significant reduction in metabolic activity, as determined by the methylthiazoyldiphenol-tetrazolium assay, was observed at higher pressure. Bursts of 0.2 mL cell suspension (1.5x10(6)/mL) delivered from a height of 10 cm was sufficient to epithelialize an area of 10-15 cm2 within 7 days in vitro. Confluent areas corresponded to those with a density of 5,000-10,000 cells/cm2 at 24 hours. Optimal cell growth in Tisseel was achieved through dilution of fibrinogen (1-3 mg/mL) and thrombin (2-5 IU/mL). This optimized formulation eliminated fluid run-off postspraying and stimulated a twofold increase in cellular response. Therefore, our in vitro data supports the theory that aerosolized suspensions of keratinocytes in fibrin will benefit healing.

Large-Angle Magnetic Suspension (LAMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oglevie, Ronald E.; Eisenhaure, David B.; Downer, James R.

1988-01-01

Spherical LAMS is magnetic syspension that provides dual functions of magnetic bearing and rotorgimbal system. Provides two degrees of angular freedom within single magnetic suspension system. Approach employs spherically-shaped magnetic-gap surfaces to achieve much-larger angular freedom than available from previous suspensions.

48 CFR 423.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions. 423.506 Section 423.506 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY...

48 CFR 423.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions. 423.506 Section 423.506 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY...

48 CFR 423.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions. 423.506 Section 423.506 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY...

48 CFR 423.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions. 423.506 Section 423.506 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY...

48 CFR 423.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions. 423.506 Section 423.506 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY...

Flow properties of suspensions rich in solids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armstrong, W. P.; Gay, E. C.; Nelson, P. A.

1969-01-01

Mathematical evaluation of flow properties of fluids carrying high concentrations of solids in suspension relates suspension viscosity to physical properties of the solids and liquids, and provides a means for predicting flow behavior. A technique for calculating a suspensions flow rates is applicable to the design of pipelines.

Study on kinematic and compliance test of suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jing, Lixin; Wu, Liguang; Li, Xuepeng; Zhang, Yu

2017-09-01

Chassis performance development is a major difficulty in vehicle research and development, which is the main factor restricting the independent development of vehicles in China. These years, through a large number of studies, chassis engineers have found that the suspension K&C characteristics as a quasi-static characteristic of the suspension provides a technical route for the suspension performance R&D, and the suspension K&C test has become an important means of vehicle benchmarking, optimization and verification. However, the research on suspension K&C test is less in china, and the test conditions and setting requirements vary greatly from OEM to OEM. In this paper, the influence of different settings on the characteristics of the suspension is obtained through experiments, and the causes of the differences are analyzed; in order to fully reflect the suspension characteristics, the author recommends the appropriate test case and settings.

Brownian motion in inhomogeneous suspensions.

PubMed

Yang, Mingcheng; Ripoll, Marisol

2013-06-01

The Langevin description of Brownian motion in inhomogeneous suspensions is here revisited. Inhomogeneous suspensions are characterized by a position-dependent friction coefficient, which can significantly influence the dynamics of the suspended particles. Outstanding examples are suspensions in confinement or in the presence of a temperature gradient. The Langevin approach in inhomogeneous systems encounters a fundamental difficulty related to the interpretation of the multiplicative noise induced by the position-dependent friction. We show that the so-called Ito-Stratonovich dilemma is originated by the violation of the macroscopic force balance condition in the traditional procedure of eliminating the fast variables. Repairing this deficit, we rederive the extended overdamped Langevin equation directly from the infradamped Langevin equation. This is without invoking the Fokker-Planck formalism, such that the self-completeness of the Langevin framework is restored. Furthermore, we derive the generalized forms of the drift-force relation and the Smoluchowski equation for inhomogeneous suspensions in a straightforward manner.

Dense Suspension Splash

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Wendy; Dodge, Kevin M.; Peters, Ivo R.; Ellowitz, Jake; Klein Schaarsberg, Martin H.; Jaeger, Heinrich M.

2014-03-01

Upon impact onto a solid surface at several meters-per-second, a dense suspension plug splashes by ejecting liquid-coated particles. We study the mechanism for splash formation using experiments and a numerical model. In the model, the dense suspension is idealized as a collection of cohesionless, rigid grains with finite surface roughness. The grains also experience lubrication drag as they approach, collide inelastically and rebound away from each other. Simulations using this model reproduce the measured momentum distribution of ejected particles. They also provide direct evidence supporting the conclusion from earlier experiments that inelastic collisions, rather than viscous drag, dominate when the suspension contains macroscopic particles immersed in a low-viscosity solvent such as water. Finally, the simulations reveal two distinct routes for splash formation: a particle can be ejected by a single high momentum-change collision. More surprisingly, a succession of small momentum-change collisions can accumulate to eject a particle outwards. Supported by NSF through its MRSEC program (DMR-0820054) and fluid dynamics program (CBET-1336489).

Engineering of Novel Biocolloid Suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hammer, D. A.; Rodges, S.; Hiddessen, A.; Weitz, D. A.

1999-01-01

Colloidal suspensions are materials with a variety of uses from cleaners and lubricants to food, cosmetics, and coatings. In addition, they can be used as a tool for testing the fundamental tenets of statistical physics. Colloidal suspensions can be synthesized from a wide variety of materials, and in the form of monodisperse particles, which can self-assemble into highly ordered colloidal crystal structures. As such they can also be used as templates for the construction of highly ordered materials. Materials design of colloids has, to date, relied on entropic self-assembly, where crystals form as result of lower free energy due to a transition to order. Here, our goal is to develop a completely new method for materials fabrication using colloidal precursors, in which the self-assembly of the ordered colloidal structures is driven by a highly controllable, attractive interaction. This will greatly increase the range of potential structures that can be fabricated with colloidal particles. In this work, we demonstrate that colloidal suspensions can be crosslinked through highly specific biological crosslinking reactions. In particular, the molecules we use are protein-carbohydrate interactions derived from the immune system. This different driving force for self-assembly will yield different and novel suspensions structures. Because the biological interactions are heterotypic (A binding to B), this chemical system can be used to make binary alloys in which the two colloid subpopulations vary in some property - size, density, volume fraction, magnetic susceptibility, etc. An additional feature of these molecules which is unique - even within the realm of biological recognition - is that the molecules bind reversibly on reasonable time-scales, which will enable the suspension to sample different configurations, and allow us to manipulate and measure the size of the suspension dynamically. Because of the wide variety of structures that can be made from these novel

21 CFR 522.2112 - Sometribove zinc suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sometribove zinc suspension. 522.2112 Section 522....2112 Sometribove zinc suspension. (a) Specifications. Each single-dose syringe contains 500 milligrams (mg) sometribove zinc in a prolonged-release suspension. (b) Sponsor. See No. 000986 in § 510.600(c...

28 CFR 33.80 - Suspension of funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Suspension of funding. 33.80 Section 33... Justice Block Grants Suspension of Funding § 33.80 Suspension of funding. The Bureau of Justice Assistance shall, after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record, terminate or suspend funding...

14 CFR 221.82 - Reissue of matter continued in effect by suspension to be canceled upon termination of suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... suspension to be canceled upon termination of suspension. 221.82 Section 221.82 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE... be canceled upon termination of suspension. When tariff provisions continued in effect by a.... In such circumstances, prompt action shall be taken by the issuing agent or carrier to cancel such...

Diesel Technology: Steering and Suspension.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Roger; Scarberry, Terry; Tesch, Carl; Kellum, Mary

Competency-based teacher and student materials on steering and suspension are provided for a diesel technology curriculum. Eleven units of instruction cover the following topics: chassis, tires, and wheels; steering; and suspension. The materials are based on the curriculum-alignment concept of first stating the objectives, then developing…

19 CFR 146.82 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Penalties; Suspension; Revocation § 146.82 Suspension. (a) For cause. The port director may suspend for cause the activated status of a zone or zone site, or the privilege to admit, manufacture, manipulate, exhibit, destroy, transfer or remove merchandise at a zone or zone site...

19 CFR 146.82 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Penalties; Suspension; Revocation § 146.82 Suspension. (a) For cause. The port director may suspend for cause the activated status of a zone or zone site, or the privilege to admit, manufacture, manipulate, exhibit, destroy, transfer or remove merchandise at a zone or zone site...

19 CFR 146.82 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Penalties; Suspension; Revocation § 146.82 Suspension. (a) For cause. The port director may suspend for cause the activated status of a zone or zone site, or the privilege to admit, manufacture, manipulate, exhibit, destroy, transfer or remove merchandise at a zone or zone site...

19 CFR 146.82 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Penalties; Suspension; Revocation § 146.82 Suspension. (a) For cause. The port director may suspend for cause the activated status of a zone or zone site, or the privilege to admit, manufacture, manipulate, exhibit, destroy, transfer or remove merchandise at a zone or zone site...

19 CFR 146.82 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Penalties; Suspension; Revocation § 146.82 Suspension. (a) For cause. The port director may suspend for cause the activated status of a zone or zone site, or the privilege to admit, manufacture, manipulate, exhibit, destroy, transfer or remove merchandise at a zone or zone site...

Large angle magnetic suspension test fixture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Britcher, Colin P.

1993-01-01

Progress made under the subject grant in the period from 1 Nov. 1992 to 31 May 1993 is presented. The research involves the continued development of the Large Angle Magnetic Suspension Test Fixture (LAMSTF) and also the recommissioning of an additional piece of exisiting hardware. During the period in question, the initial configuration of LAMSTF was completed and made routinely and reliably operational. A digital phase advance controller was completed and documented. The goal of a controlled 360 deg rotation was achieved. Work started on the recommissioning of the Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS). Work completed during the report period included: modeling; position sensing; controller; support of the Second International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology; and recommissioning of the Annular Suspension and Pointing System.

Magnetic suspension and balance systems (MSBSs)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Britcher, Colin P.; Kilgore, Robert A.

1987-01-01

The problems of wind tunnel testing are outlined, with attention given to the problems caused by mechanical support systems, such as support interference, dynamic-testing restrictions, and low productivity. The basic principles of magnetic suspension are highlighted, along with the history of magnetic suspension and balance systems. Roll control, size limitations, high angle of attack, reliability, position sensing, and calibration are discussed among the problems and limitations of the existing magnetic suspension and balance systems. Examples of the existing systems are presented, and design studies for future systems are outlined. Problems specific to large-scale magnetic suspension and balance systems, such as high model loads, requirements for high-power electromagnets, high-capacity power supplies, highly sophisticated control systems and position sensors, and high costs are assessed.

Large angle magnetic suspension text fixture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Britcher, Colin P.

1995-01-01

In lieu of a final report for this project for the period 1 April 1995 through 31 October 1995, a compilation of three reports are included herein. The three reports are: (1) 'Design and Implementation of a Digital Controller for a Magnetic Suspension and Vernier Pointing System', (2) 'Influence of Eddy Currents on the Dynamic Characteristics of Magnetic Suspensions and Magnetic Bearings', and (3) 'Design and Implementation of a Digital Controller for a Magnetic Suspension and Vernier Pointing System'.

Non-homogeneous flow profiles in sheared bacterial suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samanta, Devranjan; Cheng, Xiang

Bacterial suspensions under shear exhibit interesting rheological behaviors including the remarkable ``superfluidic'' state with vanishing viscosity at low shear rates. Theoretical studies have shown that such ``superfluidic'' state is linked with non-homogeneous shear flows, which are induced by coupling between nematic order of active fluids and hydrodynamics of shear flows. However, although bulk rheology of bacterial suspensions has been experimentally studied, shear profiles within bacterial suspensions have not been explored so far. Here, we experimentally investigate the flow behaviors of E. coli suspensions under planar oscillatory shear. Using confocal microscopy and PIV, we measure velocity profiles across gap between two shear plates. We find that with increasing shear rates, high-concentration bacterial suspensions exhibit an array of non-homogeneous flow behaviors like yield-stress flows and shear banding. We show that these non-homogeneous flows are due to collective motion of bacterial suspensions. The phase diagram of sheared bacterial suspensions is systematically mapped as functions of shear rates an bacterial concentrations. Our experiments provide new insights into rheology of bacterial suspensions and shed light on shear induced dynamics of active fluids. Chemical Engineering and Material Science department.

The Relationship of School Poverty and Suspension Rates: Finding Ways to Reduce Suspension through Prevention Programming and School Bonding

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shirley, Erica

2012-01-01

What is the relationship between school poverty and school suspension rates and to what extent do prevention programming and school bonding lower the suspension risk for students in high poverty schools? The present study examined the association between school level poverty and suspension rates in addition to investigating whether prevention…

Boundary Effects and Shear Thickening of Colloidal Suspensions: A study based on measurement of Suspension Microstructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perera, M. Tharanga D.

Microstructure is key to understanding rheological behaviors of flowing particulate suspensions. During the past decade, Stokesian Dynamics simulations have been the dominant method of determining suspension microstructure. Structure results obtained numerically reveal that an anisotropic structure is formed under high Peclet (Pe) number conditions. Researchers have used various experimental techniques such as small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and light scattering methods to validate microstructure. This work outlines an experimental technique based on confocal microscopy to study microstructure of a colloidal suspension in an index-matched fluid flowing in a microchannel. High resolution scans determining individual particle locations in suspensions 30-50 vol % yield quantitative results of the local microstructure in the form of the pair distribution function, g(r). From these experimentally determined g(r), the effect of shear rate, quantified by the Peclet number as a ratio of shear and Brownian stress, on the suspension viscosity and normal stress follow that seen in macroscopic rheological measurements and simulations. It is generally believed that shear thickening behavior of colloidal suspensions is driven by the formation of hydroclusters. From measurements of particle locations, hydroclusters are identified. The number of hydroclusters grows exponentially with increasing Pe, and the onset of shear thickening is driven by the increase in formation of clusters having 5-8 particles. At higher Pe, we notice the emergence of 12 or more particle clusters. The internal structure of these hydroclusters has been investigated, and there is some evidence that particles internal to hydroclusters preferentially align along the 45° and 135° axis. Beyond observations of bulk suspension behavior, the influence of boundaries on suspension microstructure is also investigated. Experiments were performed for suspensions flowing over smooth walls, made of glass

Pair-correlations in swimmer suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nambiar, Sankalp; Subramanian, Ganesh

2017-11-01

Suspensions of rear-actuated swimming microorganisms, such as E.coli, exhibit several interesting phenomena including spontaneous pattern formation above a critical concentration, novel rheological properties, shear-induced concentration banding etc. Explanations based on mean-field theory are only qualitative, since interactions between swimmers are important for typical experimental concentrations. We analytically characterize the hydrodynamic pair-interactions in a quiescent suspension of slender straight swimmers. The pair-correlation, calculated at leading order by integrating the swimmer velocity disturbances along straight trajectories, decays as 1/r2 for r >> L (L being the swimmer size). This allows us to characterize both polar and nematic correlations in an interacting swimmer suspension. In the absence of correlations, the velocity covariance asymptotes from a constant for r << L to a far-field decay of O(1/r2) for r >> L, the latter being characteristic of a suspension of non-interacting point force-dipoles. On including correlations, the slow decay of the pair-orientation correlation leads to an additional contribution to the velocity covariance that diverges logarithmically with system size.

Mass Transfer and Rheology of Fiber Suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jianghui

Rheological and mass transfer properties of non-Brownian fiber suspensions are affected by fiber characteristics, fiber interactions, and processing conditions. In this thesis we develop several simulation methods to study the dynamics of single fibers in simple shear flow, as well as the rheology and mass transfer of fiber suspensions. Isolated, rigid, neutrally-buoyant, non-Brownian, slightly curved, nonchiral fibers in simple shear flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid at low Reynolds number can drift steadily in the gradient direction without external forces or torques. The average drift velocity and direction depend on the fiber aspect ratio, curvature and initial orientation. The drift results from the coupling of rotational and translational dynamics, and the combined effects of flipping, scooping, and spinning motions of the fiber. Irreversible fiber collisions in the suspensions cause shear-induced diffusion. The shear-induced self-diffusivity of dilute suspensions of fibers increases with increasing concentration and increasing static friction between contacts. The diffusivities in both the gradient and vorticity directions are larger for suspensions of curved fibers than for suspensions of straight fibers. For suspensions of curved fibers, significant enhancements in the diffusivity in the gradient direction are attributed to fiber drift in the gradient direction. The shear-induced self-diffusivity of concentrated suspensions of fibers increases with increasing concentration before fiber networks or flocs are formed, after which the diffusivity decreases with increasing concentration. The diffusivity increases with increasing fiber equilibrium bending angle, effective stiffness, coefficient of static friction, and rate of collisions. The specific viscosity of fiber suspensions increases with increasing fiber curvature, friction coefficient between mechanical contacts, and solids concentration. The specific viscosity increases linearly with

Flux-Feedback Magnetic-Suspension Actuator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J.

1990-01-01

Flux-feedback magnetic-suspension actuator provides magnetic suspension and control forces having linear transfer characteristics between force command and force output over large range of gaps. Hall-effect devices used as sensors for electronic feedback circuit controlling currents flowing in electromagnetic windings to maintain flux linking suspended element at substantially constant value independent of changes in length of gap. Technique provides effective method for maintenance of constant flux density in gap and simpler than previous methods. Applications include magnetic actuators for control of shapes and figures of antennas and of precise segmented reflectors, magnetic suspensions in devices for storage of angular momentum and/or kinetic energy, and systems for control, pointing, and isolation of instruments.

Characterizing Fullerene Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspensions

EPA Science Inventory

Studies have indicated that fullerenes can form stable colloidal suspensions in water when introduced to the aqueous phase through solvent exchange, sonication, or extended mixing. The colloidal suspensions created using these techniques have effective aqueous phase concentratio...

Temozolomide stability in extemporaneously compounded oral suspensions.

PubMed

Trissel, Lawrence A; Zhang, Yanping; Koontz, Susannah E

2006-01-01

Temozolomide, commercially available in capsules, is an oral alkylating agent used to treat brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmaceutical acceptability and chemical stability of temozolomide in two extemporaneously compounded suspension formulations prepared from the capsules. The temozolomide oral suspensions were prepared from 100-mg commercial capsules yielding a nominal temozolomide concentration of 10 mg/mL. The suspension vehicles selected for testing were an equal parts mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet and an equal parts mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet SF. The suspensions were packaged in amber plastic screw-cap prescription bottles, which were stored at 23 deg C for 21 days or 4 deg C for 60 days. Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the temozolomide concentration in both suspension vehicle combinations exhibited little or no loss for 60 days at 4 deg C. At 23 deg C, temozolomide losses were somewhat greater. In the Ora-Sweet formulation, the loss was 6% at 7 days; in the Ora-Sweet SF formulation, losses were about 8% at 14 days and 10% to 11% at 21 days. Temozolomide extemporaneously prepared as oral suspensions from capsules in equal parts mixtures of Ora-Plus suspension vehicle with Ora-Sweet and with ora-Sweet SF syrups with added povidine k-30 and acidified with citric acid were pharmaceutically acceptable and chemically stable for at least 60 days at 4 deg C. Refrigerated storage is recommended. The suspensions should not be stored at room temperature longer than 1 week if Ora-Sweet is used or longer than 2 weeks if Ora-Sweet SF is used.

Large angle magnetic suspension test fixture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Britcher, Colin P. (Principal Investigator); Huang, Jen-Kuang (Principal Investigator)

1996-01-01

Good progress is being made in several major areas. These include eddy current modelling and analysis, design optimization methods, wind tunnel Magnetic Suspension and Balance Systems (MSBS), payload pointing and vibration isolation systems, and system identification. In addition, another successful International Symposium has been completed, with the Proceedings being printed at the time of writing. These activities continue current work under this Grant and extend previous work on magnetic suspension systems and devices in the Guidance and Control Branch and will permit the demonstration of several new developments in the field of magnetic suspension technology.

System and technique for ultrasonic characterization of settling suspensions

DOEpatents

Greenwood, Margaret S [Richland, WA; Panetta, Paul D [Richland, WA; Bamberger, Judith A [Richland, WA; Pappas, Richard A [Richland, WA

2006-11-28

A system for determining properties of settling suspensions includes a settling container, a mixer, and devices for ultrasonic interrogation transverse to the settling direction. A computer system controls operation of the mixer and the interrogation devices and records the response to the interrogating as a function of settling time, which is then used to determine suspension properties. Attenuation versus settling time for dilute suspensions, such as dilute wood pulp suspension, exhibits a peak at different settling times for suspensions having different properties, and the location of this peak is used as one mechanism for characterizing suspensions. Alternatively or in addition, a plurality of ultrasound receivers are arranged at different angles to a common transmitter to receive scattering responses at a variety of angles during particle settling. Angular differences in scattering as a function of settling time are also used to characterize the suspension.

22 CFR 1006.740 - Are suspension proceedings formal?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Are suspension proceedings formal? 1006.740 Section 1006.740 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION... suspension decision. (b) You as a respondent or your representative must submit any documentary evidence you...

22 CFR 1006.740 - Are suspension proceedings formal?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Are suspension proceedings formal? 1006.740 Section 1006.740 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION... suspension decision. (b) You as a respondent or your representative must submit any documentary evidence you...

22 CFR 1006.740 - Are suspension proceedings formal?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true Are suspension proceedings formal? 1006.740 Section 1006.740 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION... suspension decision. (b) You as a respondent or your representative must submit any documentary evidence you...

22 CFR 1006.740 - Are suspension proceedings formal?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Are suspension proceedings formal? 1006.740 Section 1006.740 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION... suspension decision. (b) You as a respondent or your representative must submit any documentary evidence you...

22 CFR 1006.740 - Are suspension proceedings formal?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Are suspension proceedings formal? 1006.740 Section 1006.740 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION... suspension decision. (b) You as a respondent or your representative must submit any documentary evidence you...

Flow properties of concentrated suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hattori, K.; Izumi, K.

1984-01-01

The viscosity and flow behavior of a concentrated suspension, with special emphasis on fresh concrete containing a superplasticizer, is analyzed according to Newton's law of viscosity. The authors interpreted Newton's law in a new way, and explain non-Newton flow from Newton's law. The outline of this new theory is given. Viscosity of suspensions, and the effect of dispersants are analyzed.

Attractive and repulsive magnetic suspension systems overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cope, David B.; Fontana, Richard R.

1992-01-01

Magnetic suspension systems can be used in a wide variety of applications. The decision of whether to use an attractive or repulsive suspension system for a particular application is a fundamental one which must be made during the design process. As an aid to the designer, we compare and contrast attractive and repulsive magnetic suspension systems and indicate whether and under what conditions one or the other system is preferred.

Magnetic Suspension Technology Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keckler, Claude R. (Editor); Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P. (Editor)

1993-01-01

In order to identify the state of magnetic suspension technology in such areas as rotating systems, pointing of experiments or subsystems, payload isolation, and superconducting materials, a workshop on Magnetic Suspension Technology was held at the Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, on 2-4 Feb. 1988. The workshop included five technical sessions in which a total of 24 papers were presented. The technical sessions covered the areas of pointing, isolation, and measurement, rotating systems, modeling and control, and superconductors. A list of attendees is provided.

Production of orthophosphate suspension fertilizers from wet-process acid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, T.M.; Burnell, J.R.

1984-01-01

For many years, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) has worked toward development of suspension fertilizers. TVA has two plants for production of base suspension fertilizers from wet-process orthophosphoric acid. One is a demonstration-scale plant where a 13-38-0 grade base suspension is produced by a three-stage ammoniation process. The other is a new batch-type pilot plant which is capable of producing high-grade base suspensions of various ratios and grades from wet-process acid. In this batch plant, suspensions and solutions can also be produced from solid intermediates.

Dispersion of nanosized ceramic powders in aqueous suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chera, L.; Palcevskis, E.; Berzins, M.; Lipe, A.; Jansone, I.

2007-12-01

Seven commercially available dispersants have been applied to produce high concentrated aqueous suspensions of the nanosized alumina and partially stabilized zirconia powders processed by the plasma technique. Simultaneously, the electrokinetic behaviour of powders has been investigated in diluted suspensions by microelectrophoresis method. Zeta potential measurements are used to estimate the influence of selected dispersants on the electrokinetic properties of the powder surface. On the basis of obtained data the correlation between the surface electrokinetic properties in dilute suspensions and reached maximal suspension concentration is discussed.

Hindlimb suspension reduces muscle regeneration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mozdziak, P. E.; Truong, Q.; Macius, A.; Schultz, E.

1998-01-01

Exposure of juvenile skeletal muscle to a weightless environment reduces growth and satellite cell mitotic activity. However, the effect of a weightless environment on the satellite cell population during muscle repair remains unknown. Muscle injury was induced in rat soleus muscles using the myotoxic snake venom, notexin. Rats were placed into hindlimb-suspended or weightbearing groups for 10 days following injury. Cellular proliferation during regeneration was evaluated using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Hindlimb suspension reduced (P < 0.05) regenerated muscle mass, regenerated myofiber diameter, uninjured muscle mass, and uninjured myofiber diameter compared to weightbearing rats. Hindlimb suspension reduced (P < 0.05) BrdU labeling in uninjured soleus muscles compared to weight-bearing muscles. However, hindlimb suspension did not abolish muscle regeneration because myofibers formed in the injured soleus muscles of hindlimb-suspended rats, and BrdU labeling was equivalent (P > 0.10) on myofiber segments isolated from the soleus muscles of hindlimb-suspended and weightbearing rats following injury. Thus, hindlimb suspension (weightlessness) does not suppress satellite cell mitotic activity in regenerating muscles before myofiber formation, but reduces growth of the newly formed myofibers.

Microgravity combustion of dust suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, John H. S.; Peraldi, Olivier; Knystautas, Rom

1993-01-01

Unlike the combustion of homogeneous gas mixtures, there are practically no reliable fundamental data (i.e., laminar burning velocity, flammability limits, quenching distance, minimum ignition energy) for the combustion of heterogeneous dust suspensions. Even the equilibrium thermodynamic data such as the constant pressure volume combustion pressure and the constant pressure adiabatic flame temperature are not accurately known for dust mixtures. This is mainly due to the problem of gravity sedimentation. In normal gravity, turbulence, convective flow, electric and acoustic fields are required to maintain a dust in suspension. These external influences have a dominating effect on the combustion processes. Microgravity offers a unique environment where a quiescent dust cloud can in principle be maintained for a sufficiently long duration for almost all combustion experiments (dust suspensions are inherently unstable due to Brownian motion and particle aggregation). Thus, the microgravity duration provided by drop towers, parabolic flights, and the space shuttle, can all be exploited for different kinds of dust combustion experiments. The present paper describes some recent studies on microgravity combustion of dust suspension carried out on the KC-135 and the Caravelle aircraft. The results reported are obtained from three parabolic flight campaigns.

Fracture in Kaolinite clay suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosgodagan Acharige, Sebastien; Jerolmack, Douglas J.; Arratia, Paulo E.

2017-11-01

Clay minerals are involved in many natural (landslides, river channels) and industrial processes (ceramics, cosmetics, oil recovery). They are plate shaped charged colloids and exhibit different flow properties than simpler colloids when suspended in a liquid such as thixotropy and shear-banding. kaolinite platelets are non-swelling, meaning that the stacks formed by the platelets do not have water layers, and thus the suspension does not have a sol-gel transition. However, it has been shown that kaolinite suspensions possesses a non-zero yield stress even at low concentrations, indicating that the particles arrange themselves in a structure through attractive interactions. Here, we experimentally investigate the sedimentation of kaolinite suspensions in a Hele-Shaw cell. The sedimentation of these dilute suspensions can display solid behavior like fracture, revealed in cross-polarized light, which is linked to the failure of the weakly-bonded structure (typical yield stress 10-2 Pa). By changing the interaction potential of the particles (by sonication or introducing salts), we show through these sedimentation experiments, how the fracture pattern can be avoided. Research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Grant Number 569074.

49 CFR 238.227 - Suspension system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Suspension system. 238.227 Section 238.227 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Equipment § 238.227 Suspension system. On or after November 8, 1999— (a) All passenger equipment shall...

49 CFR 238.227 - Suspension system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Suspension system. 238.227 Section 238.227 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Equipment § 238.227 Suspension system. On or after November 8, 1999— (a) All passenger equipment shall...

49 CFR 385.911 - Suspension proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Suspension proceedings. 385.911 Section 385.911 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY... Pattern or Practice of Safety Violations by Motor Carrier Management § 385.911 Suspension proceedings. (a...

49 CFR 238.227 - Suspension system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension system. 238.227 Section 238.227 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Equipment § 238.227 Suspension system. On or after November 8, 1999— (a) All passenger equipment shall...

42 CFR 93.205 - Debarment or suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... HEALTH EFFECTS STUDIES OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RELEASES AND FACILITIES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Definitions § 93.205 Debarment or suspension. Debarment or suspension means the...

42 CFR 93.205 - Debarment or suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH EFFECTS STUDIES OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RELEASES AND FACILITIES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Definitions § 93.205 Debarment or suspension. Debarment or suspension means the...

Aerospace Applications of Magnetic Suspension Technology, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P. (Editor)

1991-01-01

Papers presented at the conference on aerospace applications of magnetic suspension technology are compiled. The following subject areas are covered: pointing and isolation systems; microgravity and vibration isolation; bearing applications; wind tunnel model suspension systems; large gap magnetic suspension systems; control systems; rotating machinery; science and application of superconductivity; and sensors.

High-Clearance Six-Wheel Suspension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bickler, Donald B.

1992-01-01

Multilevered suspension system gives body of vehicle high clearance and allows wheels to be steered independently. Suspension linkages above wheels enable body to skim over obstacles as high as wheel. Levers and independently steered wheels enable vehicle to climb steps 1 1/2 wheel diameters high and cross gaps 1 3/4 wide. Adaptable to off-the-road recreational vehicles, military scout vehicles, and robotic emergency vehicles.

Suspension Parameter Measurements of Wheeled Military Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

suspension through the wheel pads. The SPIdER was designed so that in the future, with a modest amount of modification , it can be upgraded to include the...AND MOBILITY (P&M) MINI-SYMPOSIUM AUGUST 14-16, MICHIGAN SUSPENSION PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS OF WHEELED MILITARY VEHICLES Dale Andreatta Gary...was built to measure the suspension parameters of any military wheeled vehicle. This is part of an ongoing effort to model and predict vehicle

45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

41 CFR 105-74.670 - Suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension. 105-74.670 Section 105-74.670 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System...-GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 105-74.670 Suspension...

49 CFR 238.427 - Suspension system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Equipment § 238.427 Suspension system. (a) General requirements. (1) Suspension systems shall be designed to... approved by FRA under the provisions of § 238.21. In particular— (i) Pre-revenue service qualification. All passenger equipment shall demonstrate safe operation during pre-revenue service qualification in accordance...

49 CFR 238.427 - Suspension system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Equipment § 238.427 Suspension system. (a) General requirements. (1) Suspension systems shall be designed to... approved by FRA under the provisions of § 238.21. In particular— (i) Pre-revenue service qualification. All passenger equipment shall demonstrate safe operation during pre-revenue service qualification in accordance...

Preparation of an Ultrafine Rebamipide Ophthalmic Suspension with High Transparency.

PubMed

Matsuda, Takakuni; Hiraoka, Shogo; Urashima, Hiroki; Ogura, Ako; Ishida, Tatsuhiro

2017-01-01

A 2% commercially available, milky-white, rebamipide micro-particle suspension is used to treat dry eyes, and it causes short-term blurring of the patient's vision. In the current study, to improve the transparency of a rebamipide suspension, we attempted to obtain a clear rebamipide suspension by transforming the rebamipide particles to an ultrafine state. In the initial few efforts, various rebamipide suspensions were prepared using a neutralizing crystallization method with additives, but the suspensions retained their opaque quality. However, as a consequence of several critical improvements in the neutralizing crystallization methods such as selection of additives for crystallization, process parameters during crystallization, the dispersion method, and dialysis, we obtained an ultrafine rebamipide suspension (2%) that was highly transparent (transmittance at 640 nm: 59%). The particle size and transparency demonstrated the fewest level of changes at 25°C after 3 years, compared to initial levels. During that period, no obvious particle sedimentation was observed. The administration of this ultrafine rebamipide suspension (2%) increased the conjunctival mucin, which was comparable to the commercially available micro-particle suspension (2%). The corneal and conjunctival concentration of rebamipide following ocular administration of the ultrafine suspension was slightly higher than that of the micro-particle suspension. The ultrafine rebamipide suspension (eye-drop formulation) with a highly transparent ophthalmic clearness should improve a patient's QOL by preventing even a shortened period of blurred vision.

Microstructural Dynamics and Rheology of Suspensions of Rigid Fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, Jason E.; Snook, Braden

2018-01-01

The dynamics and rheology of suspensions of rigid, non-Brownian fibers in Newtonian fluids are reviewed. Experiments, theories, and computer simulations are considered, with an emphasis on suspensions at semidilute and concentrated conditions. In these suspensions, interactions between the particles strongly influence the microstructure and rheological properties of the suspension. The interactions can arise from hydrodynamic disturbances, giving multibody interactions at long ranges and pairwise lubrication forces over short distances. For concentrated suspensions, additional interactions due to excluded volume (contacts) and adhesive forces are addressed. The relative importance of the various interactions as a function of fiber concentration is assessed.

Regulation of hematopoiesis in rats exposed to antiorthostatic, hypokinetic/hypodynamia. I - Model description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunn, C. D. R.; Johnson, P. C.; Lange, R. D.; Perez, L.; Nessel, R.

1985-01-01

The effect of a 7-day suspension in a jacket and harness with 20-deg head-down tilt on body weight, food and water consumption, and hematological parameters is investigated experimentally in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150-175 g. The results are presented in graphs and compared with those for unsuspended controls and with published data on rats and humans exposed to microgravity in space flight. Suspended rats are found to have reduced red-blood-cell mass, erythropoiesis, plasma volume (leading to temporarily increased hematocrit), body weight, and food and water consumption; rightward-shifted oxyhemoglobin-dissociation curves; and unchanged platelet count, leucocyte count or PHA reactivity, and red-blood-cell shape distribution. Since many of these effects are also seen in space flight, the present experimental model is considered a promising technique for simulating the hematopoietic effects of microgravity at 1 g.

Rheology of dense suspensions of non colloidal particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guazzelli, Élisabeth

2017-06-01

Dense suspensions are materials with broad applications both in industrial processes (e.g. waste disposal, concrete, drilling muds, metalworking chip transport, and food processing) and in natural phenomena (e.g. flows of slurries, debris, and lava). Despite its long research history and its practical relevance, the mechanics of dense suspensions remain poorly understood. The major difficulty is that the grains interact both by hydrodynamic interactions through the liquid and by mechanical contact. These systems thus belong to an intermediate regime between pure suspensions and granular flows. We show that we can unify suspension and granular rheology under a common framework by transferring the frictional approach of dry granular media to wet suspensions of spherical particles. We also discuss non-Newtonian behavior such as normal-stress differences and shear-induced migration. Beyond the classical problem of dense suspension of hard spheres which is far from being completely resolved, there are also entirely novel avenues of study concerning more complex mixtures of particles and fluids such as those involving other types of particles (e.g. fibers) or non-Newtonian fluids that we will also address.

Analysis of Train Suspension System Using MR dampers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

RamaSastry, DVA; Ramana, K. V.; Mohan Rao, N.; Siva Kumar, SVR; Priyanka, T. G. L.

2016-09-01

This paper deals with introducing MR dampers to the Train Suspension System for improving the ride comfort of the passengers. This type of suspension system comes under Semi-active suspension system which utilizes the properties of MR fluid to damp the vibrations. In case of high speed trains, the coach body is subjected to vibrations due to vertical displacement, yaw and pitch movements. When the body receives these disturbances from the ground,the transmission of vibrations to the passenger increases which affect the ride comfort. In this work, the equations of motion of suspension system are developed for both conventional passive system and semi-active system and are modelled in Matlab/Simulink and analysis has been carried out. The passive suspension system analysis shows that it is taking more time to damp the vibrations and at the same time the transmissibility of vibrations is more.Introducing MR dampers,vertical and angular displacements of the body are computed and compared. The results show that the introduction of MR dampers into the train suspension system improves ride comfort.

Development of A New Automotive Active Suspension System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yousef Abdulhammed, Eng.; Eng. Hisham Elsherif, Dr, Prof.

2017-12-01

The main objective was to develop a smart new vehicle suspension system that minimizes the road irregularities impact on the driver, also to increase performance and stability of the vehicle at high speeds. The central idea is based on modifying the normal passive suspension system into a computer controller hydraulic actuated active suspension system simply by adding a new component such as a hydraulic cylinder on a normal passive system. The new suspension system is economical to be wildly used in consumer’s cars with low prices. The new added components was analytically tested and modeled according to different parameters. A new test rig was implemented to simulate a real quarter suspension system. The new suspension model was controlled by feedback controller according to the road conditions; the controller output controls the cylinder actuator to compensate the road oscillations and increases the vehicle stability for the passenger. Finally, to maximize the aerodynamics coefficients of the vehicle during high speeds by controlling the vehicle clearance level from the ground to achieve full stability, steering and fuel economy.

Alternatives to Suspension: A Government Initiative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Thomas G.; Zoldy, Scott

2011-01-01

Student discipline and the ineffectiveness of out-of-school suspension is examined in light of the Ontario (Canada) legislative reform that supported a greater emphasis on progressive discipline alternatives to out-of-school suspension. Alternative discipline herein is explored via the behavior education plan, the school survival group, and…

36 CFR 25.3 - Supervision; suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Supervision; suspensions. 25.3 Section 25.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL MILITARY PARKS; LICENSED GUIDE SERVICE REGULATIONS § 25.3 Supervision; suspensions. (a) The guide...

36 CFR 25.3 - Supervision; suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Supervision; suspensions. 25.3 Section 25.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL MILITARY PARKS; LICENSED GUIDE SERVICE REGULATIONS § 25.3 Supervision; suspensions. (a) The guide...

36 CFR 25.3 - Supervision; suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Supervision; suspensions. 25.3 Section 25.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL MILITARY PARKS; LICENSED GUIDE SERVICE REGULATIONS § 25.3 Supervision; suspensions. (a) The guide...

36 CFR 25.3 - Supervision; suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Supervision; suspensions. 25.3 Section 25.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL MILITARY PARKS; LICENSED GUIDE SERVICE REGULATIONS § 25.3 Supervision; suspensions. (a) The guide...

36 CFR 25.3 - Supervision; suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Supervision; suspensions. 25.3 Section 25.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL MILITARY PARKS; LICENSED GUIDE SERVICE REGULATIONS § 25.3 Supervision; suspensions. (a) The guide...

32 CFR 552.79 - Suspension action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Suspension action. 552.79 Section 552.79 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MILITARY RESERVATIONS AND NATIONAL... Suspension action. (a) When suspended for cause, immediately notify the company and the agent, in writing, of...

32 CFR 552.79 - Suspension action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Suspension action. 552.79 Section 552.79 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MILITARY RESERVATIONS AND NATIONAL... Suspension action. (a) When suspended for cause, immediately notify the company and the agent, in writing, of...

43 CFR 3212.12 - How long does a suspension of operations or a suspension of operations and production last?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE LEASING Lease Suspensions, Cessation of Production, Royalty Rate Reductions, and Energy Policy Act Royalty Rate Conversions § 3212.12 How long does a suspension of...

School Suspensions: Are They Helping Children? A Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Research Project, Cambridge, MA. Children's Defense Fund.

This book examines the incidence and impact of school suspension and discusses its effectiveness as a disciplinary measure. Basically, this publication is intended to follow up and expand on a 1974 report on the use of school suspension, "Children out of School in America." Data for this current study were drawn from suspension data submitted to…

Transtibial prosthesis suspension systems: systematic review of literature.

PubMed

Gholizadeh, H; Abu Osman, N A; Eshraghi, A; Ali, S; Razak, N A

2014-01-01

Today a number of prosthetic suspension systems are available for transtibial amputees. Consideration of an appropriate suspension system can ensure that amputee's functional needs are satisfied. The higher the insight to suspension systems, the easier would be the selection for prosthetists. This review attempted to find scientific evidence pertaining to various transtibial suspension systems to provide selection criteria for clinicians. Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were explored to find related articles. Search terms were as follows: "Transtibial prosthesis (32), prosthetic suspension (48), lower limb prosthesis (54), below-knee prosthesis (58), prosthetic liner (20), transtibial (193), and prosthetic socket (111)". Two reviewers separately examined the papers. Study design (case series of five or more subjects, retrospective or prospective), research instrument, sampling method, outcome measures and protocols were reviewed. Based on the selection criteria, 22 articles (15 prospective studies, and 7 surveys) remained. Sweat control was found to be a major concern with the available suspension liners. Donning and doffing procedures for soft liners are also problematic for some users, particularly those with upper limb weakness. Moreover, the total surface bearing (TSB) socket with pin/lock system is favored by the majority of amputees. In summary, no clinical evidence is available to suggest what kind of suspension system could have an influential effect as a "standard" system for all transtibial amputees. However, among various suspension systems for transtibial amputees, the Iceross system was favored by the majority of users in terms of function and comfort. © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Tail Suspension Test

PubMed Central

Terrillion, Chantelle E.; Piantadosi, Sean C.; Bhat, Shambhu; Gould, Todd D.

2012-01-01

The tail-suspension test is a mouse behavioral test useful in the screening of potential antidepressant drugs, and assessing of other manipulations that are expected to affect depression related behaviors. Mice are suspended by their tails with tape, in such a position that it cannot escape or hold on to nearby surfaces. During this test, typically six minutes in duration, the resulting escape oriented behaviors are quantified. The tail-suspension test is a valuable tool in drug discovery for high-throughput screening of prospective antidepressant compounds. Here, we describe the details required for implementation of this test with additional emphasis on potential problems that may occur and how to avoid them. We also offer a solution to the tail climbing behavior, a common problem that renders this test useless in some mouse strains, such as the widely used C57BL/6. Specifically, we prevent tail climbing behaviors by passing mouse tails through a small plastic cylinder prior to suspension. Finally, we detail how to manually score the behaviors that are manifested in this test. PMID:22315011

Stress in dilute suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Passman, Stephen L.

1989-01-01

Generally, two types of theory are used to describe the field equations for suspensions. The so-called postulated equations are based on the kinetic theory of mixtures, which logically should give reasonable equations for solutions. The basis for the use of such theory for suspensions is tenuous, though it at least gives a logical path for mathematical arguments. It has the disadvantage that it leads to a system of equations which is underdetermined, in a sense that can be made precise. On the other hand, the so-called averaging theory starts with a determined system, but the very process of averaging renders the resulting system underdetermined. A third type of theory is proposed in which the kinetic theory of gases is used to motivate continuum equations for the suspended particles. This entails an interpretation of the stress in the particles that is different from the usual one. Classical theory is used to describe the motion of the suspending medium. The result is a determined system for a dilute suspension. Extension of the theory to more concentrated systems is discussed.

25 CFR 23.52 - Grant suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Grant suspension. 23.52 Section 23.52 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT General and Uniform Grant Administration Provisions and Requirements § 23.52 Grant suspension. (a) When a grantee has...

30 CFR 250.170 - How long does a suspension last?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 250.170 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF General Suspensions § 250.170 How long does a suspension last? (a) MMS may issue suspensions for up to 5 years per suspension. The Regional...

5 CFR 890.1033 - Notice of suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 890.1033 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM Administrative Sanctions Imposed Against Health Care... suspension; and (6) The provider's rights to contest the suspension. ...

5 CFR 890.1033 - Notice of suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 890.1033 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM Administrative Sanctions Imposed Against Health Care... suspension; and (6) The provider's rights to contest the suspension. ...

Debarment and suspension. [of contractors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whelan, Thomas J.

1987-01-01

The changing Government attitude toward contractor debarment and suspension is examined, with emphasis on the fact that the Government is more alert to fraud, waste, and abuse. Consideration is given to causes of debarment or suspension, procedures and due process hearings, settlement agreements, compliance programs, and recent related legislation. It is concluded that the change in the Government contracting environment in recent years should be sufficient incentive for contractors to monitor their operations more closely.

Plant protein hydrolysates support CHO-320 cells proliferation and recombinant IFN-gamma production in suspension and inside microcarriers in protein-free media.

PubMed

Ballez, J S; Mols, J; Burteau, C; Agathos, S N; Schneider, Y J

2004-03-01

We have recently developed a protein-free medium (PFS) able to support the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in suspension. Upon further supplementation with some plant protein hydrolysates, medium performances reached what could be observed in serum-containing media [Burteau et al. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. 39 (2003) 291]. Now, we describe the use of rice and wheat protein hydrolysates, as non-nutritional additives to the culture medium to support productivity and cell growth in suspension or in microcarriers. When CHO-320 cells secreting recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were cultivated in suspension in a bioreactor with our PFS supplemented with wheat hydrolysates, the maximum cell density increased by 25% and the IFN-gamma secretion by 60% compared to the control PFS. A small-scale perfusion system consisting of CHO-320 cells growing on and inside fibrous microcarriers under discontinuous operation was first developed. Under these conditions, rice protein hydrolysates stimulated recombinant IFN-gamma secretion by 30% compared to the control PFS. At the bioreactorscale, similar results were obtained but when compared to shake-flasks studies, nutrients, oxygen or toxic by-products gradients inside the microcarriers seemed to be the main limitation of the system. An increase of the perfusion rate to maintain glucose concentration over 5.5 mM and dissolved oxygen (DO) at 60% was able to stimulate the production of IFN-gamma to a level of 6.6 mug h(-1) g(-1) of microcarriers after 160 h when a cellular density of about 4 x 10(8) cell g(-1) of carriers was reached.

13. UNIDENTIFIED CABLESTAYED SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH TIMBER RAILING OF TWELVE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. UNIDENTIFIED CABLE-STAYED SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH TIMBER RAILING OF TWELVE PANELS, SHOWING CABLE PATTERN SIMILAR TO E.E. RUNYON'S SUSPENSION BRIDGE PATENTS. THE BLUFF DALE SUSPENSION BRIDGE'S CABLES MAY HAVE ORIGINALLY FOLLOWED THIS PATTERN. ELEVATION VIEW. - Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge, Spanning Paluxy River at County Route 149, Bluff Dale, Erath County, TX

Chloride secretagogues stimulate inositol phosphate formation in shark rectal gland tubules cultured in suspension

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ecay, T.W.; Valentich, J.D.

1991-03-01

Neuroendocrine activation of transepithelial chloride secretion by shark rectal gland cells is associated with increases in cellular cAMP, cGMP, and free calcium concentrations. We report here on the effects of several chloride secretagogues on inositol phosphate formation in cultured rectal gland tubules. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), atriopeptin (AP), and ionomycin increase the total inositol phosphate levels of cultured tubules, as measured by ion exchange chromatography. Forskolin, a potent chloride secretagogue, has no effect on inositol phosphate formation. The uptake of {sup 3}H-myo-inositol into phospholipids is very slow, preventing the detection of increased levels of inositol trisphosphate. However, significant increases inmore » inositol monophosphate (IP1) and inositol biphosphate (IP2) were measured. The time course of VIP- and AP-stimulated IP1 and IP2 formation is similar to the effects of these agents on the short-circuit current responses of rectal gland monolayer cultures. In addition, aluminum fluoride, an artificial activator of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, stimulates IP1 and IP2 formation. We conclude that rectal gland cells contain VIP and AP receptors coupled to the activation of phospholipase C. Coupling may be mediated by G-proteins. Receptor-stimulated increases in inositol phospholipid metabolism is one mechanism leading to increased intracellular free calcium concentrations, an important regulatory event in the activation of transepithelial chloride secretion by shark rectal gland epithelial cells.« less

Rheological properties of purified illite clays in glycerol/water suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dusenkova, I.; Malers, J.; Berzina-Cimdina, L.

2015-04-01

There are many studies about rheological properties of clay-water suspensions, but no published investigations about clay-glycerol suspensions. In this work apparent viscosity of previously purified illite containing clay fraction < 2 μm and glycerol/water suspensions were investigated. Carbonates were removed by dissolution in hydrochloric and citric acids and other non-clay minerals were almost totally removed by centrifugation. All obtained suspensions behaved as shear-thinning fluids with multiple times higher viscosity than pure glycerol/water solutions. Reduction of clay fraction concentration by 5% decreased the apparent viscosity of 50% glycerol/water suspensions approximately 5 times. There was basically no difference in apparent viscosity between all four 50% glycerol/water suspensions, but in 90% glycerol/water suspensions samples from Iecava deposit showed slightly higher apparent viscosity, which could be affected by the particle size distribution.

Stability of extemporaneous erlotinib, lapatinib, and imatinib oral suspensions.

PubMed

Li, Quan; Liu, Zhaoying; Kolli, Shamalatha; Wetz, Karen; Griffith, Niesha; Poi, Ming J

2016-09-01

The stability of extemporaneously prepared erlotinib, lapatinib, and imatinib oral liquid dosage forms using two commercially available vehicles when stored at 4 and 25 °C was evaluated. Three batches of extemporaneous oral suspensions were prepared for each drug. Erlotinib and lapatinib tablets were crushed and mixed in a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus:Ora-Sweet solution to yield 10- and 50-mg/mL suspensions, respectively. Imatinib tablets were crushed and mixed in Ora-Sweet solution to yield a 40-mg/mL suspension. Suspensions were stored in amber plastic bottles, and samples from each bottle were obtained on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Erlotinib 10-mg/mL and lapatinib 50-mg/mL oral suspensions in a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet retained at least 90% of their initial concentration throughout the 28-day study when stored at 25 °C. Visual inspection revealed notable viscosity changes in the erlotinib and lapatinib suspensions stored at 4 °C for 7 days and beyond. The viscosity of these preparations increased with time and was particularly evident with the erlotinib suspension, which exhibited a puddinglike texture. Imatinib 40-mg/mL oral suspension in Ora-Sweet appeared stable for up to 14 days when stored at both 25 and 4 °C. Erlotinib 10-mg/mL and lapatinib 50-mg/mL oral suspensions prepared from commercially available tablets were stable for at least 28 days when prepared in a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus:Ora-Sweet at 25 °C. Imatinib 40-mg/mL oral suspension prepared from commercially available tablets was stable for up to 14 days when prepared in Ora-Sweet and stored at 25 and 4 °C. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rat hindlimb muscle responses to suspension hypokinesia/hypodynamia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Musacchia, X. J.; Steffen, J. M.; Deavers, D. R.

1983-01-01

Hypokinetic/hyupodynamic (H/H) whole body suspension of rats eliminates hindlimb load bearing functions while permitting continued use of the forelimbs. Responses of hindlimb muscles were assessed in terms of absolute and relative weights during 1 and 2 weeks of H/H suspension. Muscle mass loss was in the order soleus greater than gastrocnemius equal to plantaris greater than extensor digitorum longus (EDL). The soleus, a postural antigravity muscle composed mainly of slow twitch fibers, was most sensitive, losing 35 and 45 percent of its weight during the first and second weeks, respectively. The gastrocnemius and plantaris showed losses during the first week but no significant loss during the second wee. The EDL showed little or no weight loss. During post suspension recovery all muscles showed a weight gain. H/H suspended rats failed to grow; following removal from suspension they gained weight linearly, comparable to controls. Products of muscle metabolism including urea, ammonia, and 3-methylhistidine increased in the urine during H/H suspension and were significantly reduced approaching control levels during recovery. This suspension model offers considerable promise for comparison with H/H responses during weightlessness.

Intermittent turbulence in flowing bacterial suspensions

PubMed Central

Secchi, Eleonora; Rusconi, Roberto; Buzzaccaro, Stefano; Salek, M. Mehdi; Smriga, Steven; Piazza, Roberto; Stocker, Roman

2016-01-01

Dense suspensions of motile bacteria, possibly including the human gut microbiome, exhibit collective dynamics akin to those observed in classic, high Reynolds number turbulence with important implications for chemical and biological transport, yet this analogy has remained primarily qualitative. Here, we present experiments in which a dense suspension of Bacillus subtilis bacteria was flowed through microchannels and the velocity statistics of the flowing suspension were quantified using a recently developed velocimetry technique coupled with vortex identification methods. Observations revealed a robust intermittency phenomenon, whereby the average velocity profile of the suspension fluctuated between a plug-like flow and a parabolic flow profile. This intermittency is a hallmark of the onset of classic turbulence and Lagrangian tracking revealed that it here originates from the presence of transient vortices in the active, collective motion of the bacteria locally reinforcing the externally imposed flow. These results link together two entirely different manifestations of turbulence and show the potential of the microfluidic approach to mimic the environment characteristic of certain niches of the human microbiome. PMID:27307513

Intermittent turbulence in flowing bacterial suspensions.

PubMed

Secchi, Eleonora; Rusconi, Roberto; Buzzaccaro, Stefano; Salek, M Mehdi; Smriga, Steven; Piazza, Roberto; Stocker, Roman

2016-06-01

Dense suspensions of motile bacteria, possibly including the human gut microbiome, exhibit collective dynamics akin to those observed in classic, high Reynolds number turbulence with important implications for chemical and biological transport, yet this analogy has remained primarily qualitative. Here, we present experiments in which a dense suspension of Bacillus subtilis bacteria was flowed through microchannels and the velocity statistics of the flowing suspension were quantified using a recently developed velocimetry technique coupled with vortex identification methods. Observations revealed a robust intermittency phenomenon, whereby the average velocity profile of the suspension fluctuated between a plug-like flow and a parabolic flow profile. This intermittency is a hallmark of the onset of classic turbulence and Lagrangian tracking revealed that it here originates from the presence of transient vortices in the active, collective motion of the bacteria locally reinforcing the externally imposed flow. These results link together two entirely different manifestations of turbulence and show the potential of the microfluidic approach to mimic the environment characteristic of certain niches of the human microbiome. © 2016 The Author(s).

Numerical Study of Suspension Plasma Spraying

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farrokhpanah, Amirsaman; Coyle, Thomas W.; Mostaghimi, Javad

2017-01-01

A numerical study of suspension plasma spraying is presented in the current work. The liquid suspension jet is replaced with a train of droplets containing the suspension particles injected into the plasma flow. Atomization, evaporation, and melting of different components are considered for droplets and particles as they travel toward the substrate. Effect of different parameters on particle conditions during flight and upon impact on the substrate is investigated. Initially, influence of the torch operating conditions such as inlet flow rate and power is studied. Additionally, effect of injector parameters like injection location, flow rate, and angle is examined. The model used in the current study takes high-temperature gradients and non-continuum effects into account. Moreover, the important effect of change in physical properties of suspension droplets as a result of evaporation is included in the model. These mainly include variations in heat transfer properties and viscosity. Utilizing this improved model, several test cases have been considered to better evaluate the effect of different parameters on the quality of particles during flight and upon impact on the substrate.

Evaluating the DLVO Model for Non-Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeCarlo, Keith Joseph

Application of DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek) theory for suspensions utilizing non-aqueous suspension mediums has been tested. Prediction of suspension stability using DLVO theory requires the calculation of the attractive and repulsive forces between the suspended colloids and that the only significant stabilization mechanism present is electrostatic stabilization which was tested. The van der Waals attractive potential was calculated for 12 different colloids in 11 suspending mediums in accord with Lifshitz's treatment and a new approximation proposing that the material bandgap energy can be used to approximate the Hamaker constant was developed. This treatment requires the complete knowledge of the permittivity as a function of frequency for all the components in the respective suspension. The permittivity data was simplified using a damped oscillator model described by Ninham and Parsegian. All permittivity data was compiled from the literature. Microwave data was tabulated by NIST, infrared parameters were determined from FTIR data, and the ultraviolet/visual parameters were determined via Cauchy plots or estimated by the bandgap. Using the bandgap to approximate the ultraviolet/visual parameters proved to be more accurate than other approximations when compared to the accepted values. It was found that the non-oxide and non-stoichiometric colloids tested had the largest associated van der Waals attractive force. The van der Waals potential calculated for oxide particles was found to follow a direct relationship with the ionic character of the bonding. Repulsive forces were calculated for 12 different colloids in 11 suspending mediums. The calculated repulsive potential generated is a function of both the magnitude of charge generated on each colloid (zeta-potential) and the size of the interacting double-layers. zeta-potential was measured for each suspension using a microelectrophoretic technique and the double-layer thickness was calculated

Optimized suspension culture: the rotating-wall vessel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hammond, T. G.; Hammond, J. M.

2001-01-01

Suspension culture remains a popular modality, which manipulates mechanical culture conditions to maintain the specialized features of cultured cells. The rotating-wall vessel is a suspension culture vessel optimized to produce laminar flow and minimize the mechanical stresses on cell aggregates in culture. This review summarizes the engineering principles, which allow optimal suspension culture conditions to be established, and the boundary conditions, which limit this process. We suggest that to minimize mechanical damage and optimize differentiation of cultured cells, suspension culture should be performed in a solid-body rotation Couette-flow, zero-headspace culture vessel such as the rotating-wall vessel. This provides fluid dynamic operating principles characterized by 1) solid body rotation about a horizontal axis, characterized by colocalization of cells and aggregates of different sedimentation rates, optimally reduced fluid shear and turbulence, and three-dimensional spatial freedom; and 2) oxygenation by diffusion. Optimization of suspension culture is achieved by applying three tradeoffs. First, terminal velocity should be minimized by choosing microcarrier beads and culture media as close in density as possible. Next, rotation in the rotating-wall vessel induces both Coriolis and centrifugal forces, directly dependent on terminal velocity and minimized as terminal velocity is minimized. Last, mass transport of nutrients to a cell in suspension culture depends on both terminal velocity and diffusion of nutrients. In the transduction of mechanical culture conditions into cellular effects, several lines of evidence support a role for multiple molecular mechanisms. These include effects of shear stress, changes in cell cycle and cell death pathways, and upstream regulation of secondary messengers such as protein kinase C. The discipline of suspension culture needs a systematic analysis of the relationship between mechanical culture conditions and

Numerical study of suspensions of deformable particles.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandt, Luca; Rosti, Marco Edoardo

2017-11-01

We consider a model non-Newtonian fluid consisting of a suspension of deformable particles in a Newtonian solvent. Einstein showed in his pioneering work that the relative increase in effective viscosity is a linear function of the particle volume fraction for dilute suspensions of rigid particles. Inertia has been shown to introduce deviations from the behaviour predicted by the different empirical fits, an effect that can be related to an increase of the effective volume fraction. We here focus on the effect of elasticity, i.e. visco-elastic deformable particles. To tackle the problem at hand, we perform three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation of a plane Couette flow with a suspension of neutrally buoyant deformable viscous hyper-elastic particles. We show that elasticity produces a shear-thinning effect in elastic suspensions (in comparison to rigid ones) and that it can be understood in terms of a reduction of the effective volume fraction of the suspension. The deformation modifies the particle motion reducing the level of mutual interaction. Normal stress differences will also be considered. European Research Council, Grant No. ERC-2013-CoG- 616186, TRITOS; SNIC (the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing).

Minimally invasive brow suspension for facial paralysis.

PubMed

Costantino, Peter D; Hiltzik, David H; Moche, Jason; Preminger, Aviva

2003-01-01

To report a new technique for unilateral brow suspension for facial paralysis that is minimally invasive, limits supraciliary scar formation, does not require specialized endoscopic equipment or expertise, and has proved to be equal to direct brow suspension in durability and symmetry. Retrospective survey of a case series of 23 patients between January 1997 and December 2000. Metropolitan tertiary care center. Patients with head and neck tumors and brow ptosis caused by facial nerve paralysis. The results of the procedure were determined using the following 3-tier rating system: outstanding (excellent elevation and symmetry); acceptable (good elevation and fair symmetry); and unacceptable (loss of elevation). The results were considered outstanding in 12 patients, acceptable in 9 patients, and unacceptable in only 1 patient. One patient developed a hematoma, and 1 patient required a secondary adjustment. The technique has proved to be superior to standard brow suspension procedures with regard to scar formation and equal with respect to facial symmetry and suspension. These results have caused us to abandon direct brow suspension and to use this minimally invasive method in all cases of brow ptosis due to facial paralysis.

12. UNIDENTIFIED CABLESTAYED SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH TIMBER RAILING OF TWELVE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. UNIDENTIFIED CABLE-STAYED SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH TIMBER RAILING OF TWELVE PANELS, SHOWING CABLE PATTERN SIMILAR TO E.E. RUNYON'S SUSPENSION BRIDGE PATENTS. THE BLUFF DALE SUSPENSION BRIDGE'S CABLES MAY HAVE ORIGINALLY FOLLOWED THIS PATTERN. 3/4 VIEW FROM ABOVE. - Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge, Spanning Paluxy River at County Route 149, Bluff Dale, Erath County, TX

Aeolian Sand Transport with Collisional Suspension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, James T.; Pasini, Jose Miguel; Valance, Alexandre

2004-01-01

Aeolian transport is an important mechanism for the transport of sand on Earth and on Mars. Dust and sand storms are common occurrences on Mars and windblown sand is responsible for many of the observed surface features, such as dune fields. A better understanding of Aeolian transport could also lead to improvements in pneumatic conveying of materials to be mined for life support on the surface of the Moon and Mars. The usual view of aeolian sand transport is that for mild winds, saltation is the dominant mechanism, with particles in the bed being dislodged by the impact of other saltating particles, but without in-flight collisions. As the wind becomes stronger, turbulent suspension keeps the particles in the air, allowing much longer trajectories, with the corresponding increase in transport rate. We show here that an important regime exists between these two extremes: for strong winds, but before turbulent suspension becomes dominant, there is a regime in which in-flight collisions dominate over turbulence as a suspension mechanism, yielding transport rates much higher than those for saltation. The theory presented is based on granular kinetic theory, and includes both turbulent suspension and particle-particle collisions. The wind strengths for which the calculated transport rates are relevant are beyond the published strengths of current wind tunnel experiments, so these theoretical results are an invitation to do experiments in the strong-wind regime. In order to make a connection between the regime of saltation and the regime of collisional suspension, it is necessary to better understand the interaction between the bed and the particles that collide with it. This interaction depends on the agitation of the particles of the bed. In mild winds, collisions with the bed are relatively infrequent and the local disturbance associated with a collision can relax before the next nearby collision. However, as the wind speed increases, collision become more frequent

Chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared Lorazepam suspension at two temperatures.

PubMed

Lee, Wan-Man Ellaria; Lugo, Ralph A; Rusho, William J; Mackay, Mark; Sweeley, John

2004-10-01

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared lorazepam suspension (1 mg/mL) stored at two temperatures (4°C and 22°C) for 3 months. Lorazepam tablets marketed by two manufacturers (Mylan Pharmaceuticals and Watson Laboratories) were used to extemporaneously formulate two independently prepared suspensions. Each suspension was prepared using sterile water, Ora-Plus(®) and Ora-Sweet(®) to achieve a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. The two brands of tablets required different volumes of vehicles to prepare a pharmaceutically optimal suspension. The suspensions were stored in amber glass bottles at 4°C and 22°C for 91 days. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography at baseline and on days 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 63, and 91. The suspensions were considered stable if the mean lorazepam concentration remained greater than 90% of the initial concentration.The chemical stabilities of these two extemporaneously prepared lorazepam suspensions were comparable throughout the study. Both lorazepam suspensions were stable for 63 days when stored at 4°C or 22°C, and both were stable for 91 days when refrigerated at 4°C. When stored at room temperature, the suspension prepared from the Watson tablet retained 88.9 ± 1.4% of the initial concentration on day 91 and was therefore considered unstable, while the suspension prepared from the Mylan tablet was stable for the entire 91-day study.

20 CFR 416.1324 - Suspension due to excess resources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Suspension due to excess resources. 416.1324 Section 416.1324 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Suspensions and Terminations § 416.1324 Suspension due to excess resources...

20 CFR 416.1323 - Suspension due to excess income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Suspension due to excess income. 416.1323 Section 416.1323 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Suspensions and Terminations § 416.1323 Suspension due to excess income. (a...

Toward a general psychological model of tension and suspense.

PubMed

Lehne, Moritz; Koelsch, Stefan

2015-01-01

Tension and suspense are powerful emotional experiences that occur in a wide variety of contexts (e.g., in music, film, literature, and everyday life). The omnipresence of tension and suspense suggests that they build on very basic cognitive and affective mechanisms. However, the psychological underpinnings of tension experiences remain largely unexplained, and tension and suspense are rarely discussed from a general, domain-independent perspective. In this paper, we argue that tension experiences in different contexts (e.g., musical tension or suspense in a movie) build on the same underlying psychological processes. We discuss key components of tension experiences and propose a domain-independent model of tension and suspense. According to this model, tension experiences originate from states of conflict, instability, dissonance, or uncertainty that trigger predictive processes directed at future events of emotional significance. We also discuss possible neural mechanisms underlying tension and suspense. The model provides a theoretical framework that can inform future empirical research on tension phenomena.

Toward a general psychological model of tension and suspense

PubMed Central

Lehne, Moritz; Koelsch, Stefan

2015-01-01

Tension and suspense are powerful emotional experiences that occur in a wide variety of contexts (e.g., in music, film, literature, and everyday life). The omnipresence of tension and suspense suggests that they build on very basic cognitive and affective mechanisms. However, the psychological underpinnings of tension experiences remain largely unexplained, and tension and suspense are rarely discussed from a general, domain-independent perspective. In this paper, we argue that tension experiences in different contexts (e.g., musical tension or suspense in a movie) build on the same underlying psychological processes. We discuss key components of tension experiences and propose a domain-independent model of tension and suspense. According to this model, tension experiences originate from states of conflict, instability, dissonance, or uncertainty that trigger predictive processes directed at future events of emotional significance. We also discuss possible neural mechanisms underlying tension and suspense. The model provides a theoretical framework that can inform future empirical research on tension phenomena. PMID:25717309

47 CFR 101.207 - Suspension of transmission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Suspension of transmission. 101.207 Section 101.207 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Operational Requirements § 101.207 Suspension of transmission. Transmission...

47 CFR 101.207 - Suspension of transmission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension of transmission. 101.207 Section 101.207 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Operational Requirements § 101.207 Suspension of transmission. Transmission...

47 CFR 101.207 - Suspension of transmission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Suspension of transmission. 101.207 Section 101.207 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Operational Requirements § 101.207 Suspension of transmission. Transmission...

47 CFR 101.207 - Suspension of transmission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Suspension of transmission. 101.207 Section 101.207 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Operational Requirements § 101.207 Suspension of transmission. Transmission...

47 CFR 101.207 - Suspension of transmission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Suspension of transmission. 101.207 Section 101.207 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Operational Requirements § 101.207 Suspension of transmission. Transmission...

14 CFR 221.80 - Effect of suspension by Department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effect of suspension by Department. 221.80... PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS TARIFFS Suspension of Tariff Provisions by Department § 221.80 Effect of... an order or special tariff permission of the Department. (c) Suspension continues former matter in...

Stability of Diazoxide in Extemporaneously Compounded Oral Suspensions.

PubMed

Friciu, Mihaela; Zaraa, Sarra; Roullin, V Gaëlle; Leclair, Grégoire

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of diazoxide in extemporaneously compounded oral suspensions. Oral suspensions of diazoxide 10 mg/mL were prepared from either bulk drug or capsules dispersed in either Oral Mix or Oral Mix Sugar Free. These suspensions were stored at 5°C and 25°C/60%RH in bottles and oral syringes for a total of 90 days. At predetermined time intervals, suspensions were inspected for homogeneity, color or odor change; the pH was measured and the concentration of diazoxide was evaluated by ultraviolet detection using a stability-indicating high pressure liquid chromatography method. All preparations were demonstrated to be chemically stable for at least 90 days.

The Impact of School Suspensions: A Student Wellbeing Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemphill, Sheryl; Hargreaves, John

2009-01-01

School suspensions are commonly used in schools to address challenging student behaviours, often on the understanding that suspensions send a clear message to the school community about what is acceptable behaviour. However, there is a growing body of evidence that school suspensions have a range of unintended negative consequences including…

32 CFR 229.10 - Suspension and revocation of permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... revocation of permits. (a) Suspension or revocation for cause. (1) The Federal land manager may suspend a... land manager shall provide written notice to the permittee of the suspension, the cause thereof, and the requirements which must be met before the suspension will be removed. (2) The Federal land manager...

Chiral stability of an extemporaneously prepared clopidogrel bisulfate oral suspension.

PubMed

Tynes, Clay R; Livingston, Brad; Patel, Hetesh; Arnold, John J

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chiral stability of clopidogrel bisulfate in an extemporaneously compounded oral suspension for a period of 60 days. A 5 mg/mL oral suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate was prepared from commercially available Plavix tablets. The clopidogrel suspension was then evenly divided between two light-resistant prescription bottles and stored either under refrigeration (4°C) or at room temperature (25°C). Samples were drawn from the stored suspensions immediately after preparation and on days 7, 14, 28, and 60. Samples were subsequently analyzed at each time point by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column, with chemical stability defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial intact clopidogrel concentration measured. To determine the chiral stability of the suspension, samples were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a chiral column to investigate possible enantiomeric inversion. Chiral stability was defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial concentration of the suspension as the S-enantiomer, the active moiety of Plavix. Regardless of storage conditions, the oral suspension of clopidogrel retained at least 98% of the active S-enantiomer for 60 days after preparation. Compared with the clopidogrel suspension stored in the refrigerator, more chiral inversion was noted in the clopidogrel suspension stored at room temperature. Our investigation of chiral stability indicates that a 5 mg/mL clopidogrel oral suspension stored under refrigeration and at room temperature maintains chiral stability as the active S-enantiomer.

5 CFR 890.1035 - Provider contests of suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM Administrative Sanctions Imposed Against Health Care Providers Suspension § 890.1035 Provider contests of suspensions. (a) Filing a contest of the...

International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology, Part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P. (Editor)

1992-01-01

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review related recent developments in sensors and controls approaches, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, a symposium was held. The proceedings are presented. The sessions covered the areas of bearings, sensors and controls, microgravity and vibration isolation, superconductivity, manufacturing applications, wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems, magnetically levitated trains (MAGLEV), space applications, and large gap magnetic suspension systems.

12 CFR 367.17 - Duration of suspensions and exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Duration of suspensions and exclusions. 367.17... GENERAL POLICY SUSPENSION AND EXCLUSION OF CONTRACTOR AND TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS § 367.17 Duration of... request an extension. (4) The time limitations for suspension in this section may be waived by the...

Bubble suspension rheology and implications for conduit flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Llewellin, E. W.; Manga, M.

2005-05-01

Bubbles are ubiquitous in magma during eruption and influence the rheology of the suspension. Despite this, bubble-suspension rheology is routinely ignored in conduit-flow and eruption models, potentially impairing accuracy and resulting in the loss of important phenomenological richness. The omission is due, in part, to a historical confusion in the literature concerning the effect of bubbles on the rheology of a liquid. This confusion has now been largely resolved and recently published studies have identified two viscous regimes: in regime 1, the viscosity of the two-phase (magma-gas) suspension increases as gas volume fraction ϕ increases; in regime 2, the viscosity of the suspension decreases as ϕ increases. The viscous regime for a deforming bubble suspension can be determined by calculating two dimensionless numbers, the capillary number Ca and the dynamic capillary number Cd. We provide a didactic explanation of how to include the effect of bubble-suspension rheology in continuum, conduit-flow models. Bubble-suspension rheology is reviewed and a practical rheological model is presented, followed by an algorithmic, step-by-step guide to including the rheological model in conduit-flow models. Preliminary results from conduit-flow models which have implemented the model presented are discussed and it is concluded that the effect of bubbles on magma rheology may be important in nature and results in a decrease of at least 800 m in calculated fragmentation-depth and an increase of between 40% and 250% in calculated eruption-rate compared with the assumption of Newtonian rheology.

22 CFR 226.61 - Suspension and termination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension and termination. 226.61 Section 226.61 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-award Requirements Suspension, Termination and Enforcement § 226...

40 CFR 13.30 - Standards for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 13.30 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GENERAL CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS Suspension of Collection Action § 13.30 Standards for suspension. (a) Inability to locate debtor. The Administrator may suspend collection on a debt where he determines that the debtor cannot be located presently...

Fifth International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P.

2000-01-01

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review recent developments in sensors, controls, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, the Fifth International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology was held at the Radisson Hotel Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, on December 1-3, 1999. The symposium included 18 sessions in which a total of 53 papers were presented. The technical sessions covered the areas of bearings, controls, modeling, electromagnetic launch, magnetic suspension in wind tunnels, applications flywheel energy storage, rotating machinery, vibration isolation, and maglev. A list of attendees is included in the document.

Fourth International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P. (Editor)

1998-01-01

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review recent developments in sensors, controls, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, the Fourth International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology was held at The Nagaragawa Convention Center in Gifu, Japan, on October 30 - November 1, 1997. The symposium included 13 sessions in which a total of 35 papers were presented. The technical sessions covered the areas of maglev, controls, high critical temperature (T(sub c)) superconductivity, bearings, magnetic suspension and balance systems (MSBS), levitation, modeling, and applications. A list of attendees is included in the document.

Viscosity of a Suspension with Internal Rotation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elisabeth, Lemaire; Laurent, Lobry; François, Peters

2008-07-01

When an insulating particle immersed into a low conducting liquid is submitted to a sufficiently high DC field, E, it can rotate spontaneously around itself along any axis perpendicular to the electric field. This symmetry break is known as Quincke rotation and could have important consequences on the rheology of such a suspension of particles (insulating particles dispersed in a slightly conducting liquid). Indeed, if the suspension is subject to a shear rate, and a DC electric field is applied in the velocity gradient direction, the spin rate of the particles is greater than in the absence of an E field, so that the macroscopic spin rate of the particles drives the suspending liquid and thus leads to a decrease of the apparent viscosity of the suspension. The purpose of this paper is to provide a relation between the apparent viscosity of the suspension, the spin rate of the particles and the E field intensity. The predictions of the model are compared to experimental data which have been obtained on a suspension of PMMA particles dispersed in a low polar dielectric liquid. The agreement between experiments and theory is rather good even if the model overestimates the viscosity decrease induced by the field.

Stowable Energy-Absorbing Rocker-Bogie Suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrington, Brian; Voorhees, Christopher

2007-01-01

A report discusses the design of the rocker-bogie suspensions of the Mars Exploration Rover vehicles, which were landed on Mars in January 2004. Going beyond the basic requirements regarding mobility on uneven terrain, the design had to satisfy requirements (1) to enable each suspension to contort so that the rover could be stowed within limited space in a tetrahedral lander prior to deployment and (2) that the suspension be able to absorb appreciable impact loads, with limited deflection, during egress from the lander and traversal of terrain. For stowability, six joints (three on the right, three on the left) were added to the basic rocker-bogie mechanism. One of the joints on each side was a yoke-and-clevis joint at the suspension/differential interface, one was a motorized twist joint in the forward portion of the rocker, and one was a linear joint created by modifying a fixed-length bogie member into a telescoping member. For absorption of impact, the structural members were in the form of box beams made by electron-beam welding of machined, thin-walled, C-channel, titanium components. The box beams were very lightweight and could withstand high bending and torsional loads.

Manual on Student Suspensions in New York City Public Schools. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advocates for Children of New York, Inc., Long Island City.

This revised manual presents updated guidelines and regulations regarding student suspensions in New York City public schools. The manual is divided into four main sections: principal's suspension; superintendent's suspension; search and seizure; and suspension of special education students. The manual is specifically designed to assist the…

Bidisperse and polydisperse suspension rheology at large solid fraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pednekar, Sidhant; Chun, Jaehun; Morris, Jeffrey F.

At the same solid volume fraction, bidisperse and polydisperse suspensions display lower viscosities, and weaker normal stress response, compared to monodisperse suspensions. The reduction of viscosity associated with size distribution can be explained by an increase of the maximum flowable, or jamming, solid fraction. In this work, concentrated or "dense" suspensions are simulated under strong shearing, where thermal motion and repulsive forces are negligible, but we allow for particle contact with a mild frictional interaction with interparticle friction coefficient of 0.2. Aspects of bidisperse suspension rheology are first revisited to establish that the approach reproduces established trends; the study ofmore » bidisperse suspensions at size ratios of large to small particle radii (2 to 4) shows that a minimum in the viscosity occurs for zeta slightly above 0.5, where zeta=phi_{large}/phi is the fraction of the total solid volume occupied by the large particles. The simple shear flows of polydisperse suspensions with truncated normal and log normal size distributions, and bidisperse suspensions which are statistically equivalent with these polydisperse cases up to third moment of the size distribution, are simulated and the rheologies are extracted. Prior work shows that such distributions with equivalent low-order moments have similar phi_{m}, and the rheological behaviors of normal, log normal and bidisperse cases are shown to be in close agreement for a wide range of standard deviation in particle size, with standard correlations which are functionally dependent on phi/phi_{m} providing excellent agreement with the rheology found in simulation. The close agreement of both viscosity and normal stress response between bi- and polydisperse suspensions demonstrates the controlling in influence of the maximum packing fraction in noncolloidal suspensions. Microstructural investigations and the stress distribution according to particle size are also presented.« less

19 CFR 112.30 - Suspension or revocation of license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension or revocation of license. 112.30... Suspension or revocation of license. (a) Grounds for suspension or revocation of licenses. The port director... produced upon demand; (2) His vehicle or vessel is not properly marked, as required by § 112.27; (3) The...

Stability of Diazoxide in Extemporaneously Compounded Oral Suspensions

PubMed Central

Friciu, Mihaela; Zaraa, Sarra; Roullin, V. Gaëlle

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of diazoxide in extemporaneously compounded oral suspensions. Oral suspensions of diazoxide 10 mg/mL were prepared from either bulk drug or capsules dispersed in either Oral Mix or Oral Mix Sugar Free. These suspensions were stored at 5°C and 25°C/60%RH in bottles and oral syringes for a total of 90 days. At predetermined time intervals, suspensions were inspected for homogeneity, color or odor change; the pH was measured and the concentration of diazoxide was evaluated by ultraviolet detection using a stability-indicating high pressure liquid chromatography method. All preparations were demonstrated to be chemically stable for at least 90 days. PMID:27727306

7 CFR 1210.363 - Suspension or termination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... suspension of this Plan. The Secretary shall suspend or terminate this Plan at the end of the marketing year... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Miscellaneous § 1210.363 Suspension or termination. (a...

Magnetic suspension actuator concepts and applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kroeger, John

1993-01-01

The fundamental aspect which makes magnetic suspension systems possible is the magnetic phenomena by which significant forces can be generated. Each of these force-producing phenomena has unique characteristics and is implementable in a unique fashion, such that each performs the magnetic suspension task differently than the others. A practical overview of the force-producing concepts, their unique characteristics, and their typical methods of application is provided.

The Law of Student Expulsions and Suspensions. NOLPE Monograph.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rossow, Lawrence F.

Since the 1975 United States Supreme Court Decision of "Goss versus Lopez," which provided the foundation for the law of procedure in student suspensions, the law of expulsion and suspension has reached such a level of complexity that school officials can no longer simply "do what is right" when punishing students by expulsion or suspension.…

Stability of allopurinol and of five antineoplastics in suspension.

PubMed

Dressman, J B; Poust, R I

1983-04-01

The stability of allopurinol, azathioprine, chlorambucil, melphalan, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine each in an extemporaneously prepared suspension was studied. Tablets of each drug were crushed, mixed with a suspending agent, and brought to a final volume of 10, 15, or 20 ml with a 2:1 mixture of simple syrup and wild cherry syrup. Suspensions were prepared in the following concentrations: allopurinol (20 mg/ml), azathioprine (50 mg/ml), chlorambucil (2 mg/ml), melphalan (2 mg/ml), mercaptopurine (50 mg/ml), and thioguanine (40 mg/ml). Using high-performance liquid chromatography or ultraviolet scans, duplicate assays were performed on each suspension periodically during storage for up to 84 days at ambient room temperature or 5 degrees C. The time required for the suspensions to drop below 90% of labeled strength was used as an indicator of drug stability. Allopurinol and azathioprine were stable for at least 56 days at room temperature and at 5 degrees C. Chlorambucil decomposed rapidly at room temperature but was stable for seven days when stored at 5 degrees C. Melphalan suspensions did not meet the stated criteria for stability even at the time of initial assay. Mercaptopurine and thioguanine were stable for 14 and 84 days, respectively, at room temperature; at 5 degrees C, assay values dropped below those obtained at room temperature. In the suspension formulation tested, allopurinol, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine are stable for at least 14 days at room temperature; chlorambucil suspensions should be refrigerated and discarded after seven days. Melphalan decomposes too rapidly to make this suspension formulation feasible for extemporaneous compounding.

Transtibial prosthesis suspension failure during skydiving freefall: a case report.

PubMed

Gordon, Assaf T; Land, Rebekah M

2009-01-01

This report describes the unusual case of an everyday-use prosthesis suspension system failure during the freefall phase of a skydiving jump. The case individual was a 53-year-old male with a left transtibial amputation secondary to trauma. He used his everyday prosthesis, a transtibial endoskeleton with push-button, plunger-releasing, pin-locking silicon liner suction suspension and a neoprene knee suspension sleeve, for a standard recreational tandem skydive. Within seconds of exiting the plane, the suspension systems failed, resulting in the complete prosthesis floating away. Several factors may have led to suspension system failure, including an inadequate seal and material design of the knee suspension sleeve and liner, lack of auxiliary suspension mechanisms, and lack of a safety cover overlying the push-button release mechanism. This is the first report, to our knowledge, to discuss prosthetic issues specifically related to skydiving. While amputees are to be encouraged to participate in this extreme sport, special modifications to everyday components may be necessary to reduce the possibility of prosthesis failure during freefall, parachute deployment, and landing.

15 CFR 14.13 - Debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Debarment and suspension. 14.13 Section 14.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE... shall comply with the nonprocurement debarment and suspension common rule implementing E.O.s 12549 and...

20 CFR 416.585 - Suspension of offset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of offset. 416.585 Section 416.585 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Payment of Benefits, Overpayments, and Underpayments § 416.585 Suspension of offset. If, within 60...

22 CFR 226.13 - Debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Debarment and suspension. 226.13 Section 226.13 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Pre-award Requirements § 226.13 Debarment and suspension. USAID and recipients shall...

21 CFR 520.903b - Febantel suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.903b Febantel suspension. (a... considerations. Febantel suspension may be used in combination with trichlorfon oral liquid in accordance with...

19 CFR 210.23 - Suspension of investigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Suspension of investigation. 210.23 Section 210.23 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INVESTIGATIONS OF UNFAIR PRACTICES IN IMPORT TRADE ADJUDICATION AND ENFORCEMENT Motions § 210.23 Suspension of investigation. Any party may move to...

19 CFR 210.23 - Suspension of investigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Suspension of investigation. 210.23 Section 210.23 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INVESTIGATIONS OF UNFAIR PRACTICES IN IMPORT TRADE ADJUDICATION AND ENFORCEMENT Motions § 210.23 Suspension of investigation. Any party may move to...

19 CFR 210.23 - Suspension of investigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Suspension of investigation. 210.23 Section 210.23 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INVESTIGATIONS OF UNFAIR PRACTICES IN IMPORT TRADE ADJUDICATION AND ENFORCEMENT Motions § 210.23 Suspension of investigation. Any party may move to...

Inschool Suspension Programs for At-Risk Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leatt, Desmond J.

1987-01-01

Research findings and examples of inschool suspension programs in Oregon are combined in this bulletin. An introduction defines "at-risk" students as those having behavioral or attendance problems. Unlike traditional out-of-school suspension, alternative programs attempt to keep at-risk students at school. Chapter 1 surveys three…

19 CFR 210.23 - Suspension of investigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of investigation. 210.23 Section 210.23 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INVESTIGATIONS OF UNFAIR PRACTICES IN IMPORT TRADE ADJUDICATION AND ENFORCEMENT Motions § 210.23 Suspension of investigation. Any party may move to...

37 CFR 251.8 - Suspension of proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... part, the Librarian will order a suspension of any ongoing hearing or other proceeding by notice in... Librarian will take the necessary steps to replace the arbitrator or arbitrators, and upon such replacement... emergency affecting an arbitrator, the Librarian considers a suspension of a proceeding necessary and fully...

15 CFR 14.13 - Debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Debarment and suspension. 14.13 Section 14.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE... shall comply with the nonprocurement debarment and suspension common rule implementing E.O.s 12549 and...

15 CFR 14.13 - Debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Debarment and suspension. 14.13 Section 14.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE... shall comply with the nonprocurement debarment and suspension common rule implementing E.O.s 12549 and...

15 CFR 14.13 - Debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Debarment and suspension. 14.13 Section 14.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE... shall comply with the nonprocurement debarment and suspension common rule implementing E.O.s 12549 and...

Stochastic optimal preview control of a vehicle suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marzbanrad, Javad; Ahmadi, Goodarz; Zohoor, Hassan; Hojjat, Yousef

2004-08-01

Stochastic optimal control of a vehicle suspension on a random road is studied. The road roughness height is modelled as a filtered white noise stochastic process and a four-degree-of-freedom half-car model is used in the analysis. It is assumed that a sensor is mounted in the front bumper that measures the road irregularity at some distances in the front of the vehicle. Two other sensors also measure relative velocities of the vehicle body with respect to the unsprung masses in the vehicle suspension spaces. All measurements are assumed to be conducted in a noisy environment. The state variables of the vehicle system are estimated using a method similar to the Kalman filter. The suspension system is optimized by minimizing the performance index containing the mean-square values of body accelerations (including effects of heave and pitch), tire deflections and front and rear suspension rattle spaces. The effect of delay between front and rear wheels is included in the analysis. For stochastic active control with and without preview, the suspension performance and the power demand are evaluated and compared with those of the passive system. The results show that the inclusion of time delay between the front and rear axles and the preview information measured by the sensor mounted on the vehicle improves all aspects of the suspension performance, while reducing the energy consumption.

NOS II inhibition attenuates post-suspension hypotension in Sprague-Dawley rats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eatman, D.; Walton, M.; Socci, R. R.; Emmett, N.; Bayorh, M. A.

2003-01-01

The reduction in mean arterial pressure observed in astronauts may be related to the impairment of autonomic function and/or excessive production of endothelium-derived relaxing factors. Here, we examined the role of a nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) inhibitor AMT (2-amino-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine) against the post-suspension reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats. Direct MAP and heart rate were determined prior to tail-suspension, daily during the 7-day suspension and every 2 hrs post-suspension. Prior to release from suspension and at 2 and 4 hrs post-suspension, AMT (0.1 mg/kg), or saline, were administered intravenously. During the 7-day suspension, MAP was not altered, nor were there significant changes in heart rate. The reduction in MAP post-suspension in saline-treated rats was associated with significant increases in plasma nitric oxide and prostacyclin. 2-Amino-dihydro-6-methyl4H-1,3-thiazine reduced plasma nitric oxide levels, but not those of prostacyclin, attenuated the observed post-suspension reduction in MAP and modified the baroreflex sensitivity for heart rate. Thus, the post suspension reduction in mean arterial pressure is due, in part, to overproduction of nitric oxide, via the NOS II pathway, and alteration in baroreflex activity.

An examination of the rheology of flocculated clay suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spearman, Jeremy

2017-04-01

A dense cohesive sediment suspension, sometimes referred to as fluid mud, is a thixotropic fluid with a true yield stress. Current rheological formulations struggle to reconcile the structural dynamics of cohesive sediment suspensions with the equilibrium behaviour of these suspensions across the range of concentrations and shear. This paper is concerned with establishing a rheological framework for the range of sediment concentrations from the yield point to Newtonian flow. The shear stress equation is based on floc fractal theory, put forward by Mills and Snabre (1988). This results in a Casson-like rheology equation. Additional structural dynamics is then added, using a theory on the self-similarity of clay suspensions proposed by Coussot (1995), giving an equation which has the ability to match the equilibrium and time-dependent viscous rheology of a wide range of suspensions of different concentration and mineralogy.

Precision magnetic suspension linear bearing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trumper, David L.; Queen, Michael A.

1992-01-01

We have shown the design and analyzed the electromechanics of a linear motor suitable for independently controlling two suspension degrees of freedom. This motor, at least on paper, meets the requirements for driving an X-Y stage of 10 Kg mass with about 4 m/sq sec acceleration, with travel of several hundred millimeters in X and Y, and with reasonable power dissipation. A conceptual design for such a stage is presented. The theoretical feasibility of linear and planar bearings using single or multiple magnetic suspension linear motors is demonstrated.

Crossing the Suspension Bridge: Navigating the Road from School Suspension to College Success--How Some Students Have Overcome the Negative Implications of School Suspension to Bridge the Road to College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirkman, Chris J.; McNees, Heather; Stickl, Jaimie; Banner, Justin H.; Hewitt, Kimberly K.

2016-01-01

Out-of-school suspensions for middle and high school students can have negative, long-lasting consequences. Researchers have documented that suspensions have a negative impact on academic development, increase likelihood of dropping out of school, and are associated with a stronger likelihood that students will be involved in the legal system.…

Aerospace Applications of Magnetic Suspension Technology, part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P. (Editor)

1991-01-01

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension with potential aerospace applications, and to review related recent developments in sensors and control approaches, superconducting technology, and design/implementation practices, a workshop was held at NASA-Langley. Areas of concern are pointing and isolation systems, microgravity and vibration isolation, bearing applications, wind tunnel model suspension systems, large gap magnetic suspension systems, controls, rotating machinery, science and applications of superconductivity, and sensors. Papers presented are included.

International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology, Part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P. (Editor)

1992-01-01

The goal of the symposium was to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review related recent developments in sensors and controls approaches, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices. The symposium included 17 technical sessions in which 55 papers were presented. The technical session covered the areas of bearings, sensors and controls, microgravity and vibration isolation, superconductivity, manufacturing applications, wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems, magnetically levitated trains (MAGLEV), space applications, and large gap magnetic suspension systems.

42 CFR 430.64 - Suspension of rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension of rules. 430.64 Section 430.64 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... State Medicaid Plans and Practice to Federal Requirements § 430.64 Suspension of rules. Upon notice to...

Gait Biomechanics of Individuals with Transtibial Amputation: Effect of Suspension System

PubMed Central

Eshraghi, Arezoo; Abu Osman, Noor Azuan; Karimi, Mohammad; Gholizadeh, Hossein; Soodmand, Ehsan; Abas, Wan Abu Bakar Wan

2014-01-01

Prosthetic suspension system is an important component of lower limb prostheses. Suspension efficiency can be best evaluated during one of the vital activities of daily living, i.e. walking. A new magnetic prosthetic suspension system has been developed, but its effects on gait biomechanics have not been studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of suspension type on kinetic and kinematic gait parameters during level walking with the new suspension system as well as two other commonly used systems (the Seal-In and pin/lock). Thirteen persons with transtibial amputation participated in this study. A Vicon motion system (six cameras, two force platforms) was utilized to obtain gait kinetic and kinematic variables, as well as pistoning within the prosthetic socket. The gait deviation index was also calculated based on the kinematic data. The findings indicated significant difference in the pistoning values among the three suspension systems. The Seal-In system resulted in the least pistoning compared with the other two systems. Several kinetic and kinematic variables were also affected by the suspension type. The ground reaction force data showed that lower load was applied to the limb joints with the magnetic suspension system compared with the pin/lock suspension. The gait deviation index showed significant deviation from the normal with all the systems, but the systems did not differ significantly. Main significant effects of the suspension type were seen in the GRF (vertical and fore-aft), knee and ankle angles. The new magnetic suspension system showed comparable effects in the remaining kinetic and kinematic gait parameters to the other studied systems. This study may have implications on the selection of suspension systems for transtibial prostheses. Trial Registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2013061813706N1. PMID:24865351

Chain Dynamics in Magnetorheological Suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gast, A. P.; Furst, E. M.

1999-01-01

Magnetorheological (MR) suspensions are composed of colloidal particles which acquire dipole moments when subjected to an external magnetic field. At sufficient field strengths and concentrations, the dipolar particles rapidly aggregate to form long chains. Subsequent lateral cross-linking of the dipolar chains is responsible for a rapid liquid-to-solid-like rheological transition. The unique, magnetically-activated rheological properties of MR suspensions make them ideal for interfacing mechanical systems to electronic controls. Additionally, the ability to experimentally probe colloidal suspensions interacting through tunable anisotropic potentials is of fundamental interest. Our current experimental work has focused on understanding the fluctuations of dipolar chains. It has been proposed by Halsey and Toor (HT) that the strong Landau-Peierls thermal fluctuations of dipolar chains could be responsible for long-range attractions between chains. Such interactions will govern the long-time relaxation of MR suspensions. We have synthesized monodisperse neutrally buoyant MR suspensions by density matching stabilized ferrofluid emulsion droplets with D2O. This allows us to probe the dynamics of the dipolar chains using light scattering without gravitational, interfacial, and polydispersity effects to resolve the short-wavelength dynamics of the dipolar chains. We used diffusing wave spectroscopy to measure these dynamics. The particle displacements at short times that show an independence to the field strength, but at long times exhibit a constrained, sub-diffusive motion that slows as the dipole strength is increased. The experiments are in good qualitative agreement with Brownian dynamics simulations of dipolar chains. Although there have been several important and detailed studies of the structure and interactions in MR suspensions, there has not been conclusive evidence that supports or contradicts the HT model prediction that long-range interactions exist between

Interactions between suspension characteristics and physicochemical properties of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles: a case study for optimizing nanoparticle stock suspensions using a central composite design.

PubMed

Son, Jino; Vavra, Janna; Li, Yusong; Seymour, Megan; Forbes, Valery

2015-04-01

The preparation of a stable nanoparticle stock suspension is the first step in nanotoxicological studies, but how different preparation methods influence the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles in a solution, even in Milli-Q water, is often under-appreciated. In this study, a systematic approach using a central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the effects of sonication time and suspension concentration on the physicochemical properties (i.e. hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and ion dissolution) of silver (Ag) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) and to identify optimal conditions for suspension preparation in Milli-Q water; defined as giving the smallest particle sizes, highest suspension stability and lowest ion dissolution. Indeed, all the physicochemical properties of AgNPs and CuONPs varied dramatically depending on how the stock suspensions were prepared and differed profoundly between nanoparticle types, indicating the importance of suspension preparation. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of AgNPs and CuONPs, at least in simple media (Milli-Q water), behaved in predictable ways as a function of sonication time and suspension concentration, confirming the validity of our models. Overall, the approach allows systematic assessment of the influence of various factors on key properties of nanoparticle suspensions, which will facilitate optimization of the preparation of nanoparticle stock suspensions and improve the reproducibility of nanotoxicological results. We recommend that further attention be given to details of stock suspension preparation before conducting nanotoxicological studies as these can have an important influence on the behavior and subsequent toxicity of nanoparticles. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 520.300a - Cambendazole suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Cambendazole suspension. 520.300a Section 520.300a Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.300a Cambendazole suspension...

21 CFR 520.905a - Fenbendazole suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Fenbendazole suspension. 520.905a Section 520.905a Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.905a Fenbendazole suspension...

21 CFR 520.300a - Cambendazole suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Cambendazole suspension. 520.300a Section 520.300a Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.300a Cambendazole suspension...

21 CFR 520.300a - Cambendazole suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Cambendazole suspension. 520.300a Section 520.300a Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.300a Cambendazole suspension...

21 CFR 520.300a - Cambendazole suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Cambendazole suspension. 520.300a Section 520.300a Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.300a Cambendazole suspension...

One-dimensional wave propagation in particulate suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rochelle, S. G.; Peddieson, J., Jr.

1976-01-01

One-dimensional small-amplitude wave motion in a two-phase system consisting of an inviscid gas and a cloud of suspended particles is analyzed using a continuum theory of suspensions. Laplace transform methods are used to obtain several approximate solutions. Properties of acoustic wave motion in particulate suspensions are inferred from these solutions.

45 CFR 99.4 - Suspension of rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension of rules. 99.4 Section 99.4 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE FOR HEARINGS FOR THE CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT FUND General § 99.4 Suspension of rules. With notice to all parties, the...

21 CFR 601.6 - Suspension of license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Suspension of license. 601.6 Section 601.6 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS... agents and distributors to whom such product or products have been delivered of such suspension, and (2...

21 CFR 601.6 - Suspension of license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of license. 601.6 Section 601.6 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS... agents and distributors to whom such product or products have been delivered of such suspension, and (2...

Development of an MR seat suspension with self-powered generation capability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, S. S.; Ning, D. H.; Yang, J.; Du, H.; Zhang, S. W.; Li, W. H.; Nakano, M.

2017-08-01

This paper proposes a self-powered magnetorheological (MR) seat suspension on the basis of a rotary MR damper and an electromagnetic induction device. By applying the self-powering component to the MR seat suspension, the operation cost of the semi-active seat is much cheaper because no external energy is required to control the MR damper. In this paper, the structure, design and analysis of the seat suspension were presented following the introduction section. The property tests of the self-powered seat suspension were conducted using an MTS machine. A robust control algorithm was developed to control the self-powered MR seat suspension and the vibration attenuation performance of the seat suspension was tested under two different vibration excitations, i.e. harmonic excitation and random excitation. The testing result verifies that the self-powered MR seat suspension under proper control can improve the ride comfort for passengers and drivers.

Absorption Spectra of Gold Nanoparticle Suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anan'eva, M. V.; Nurmukhametov, D. R.; Zverev, A. S.; Nelyubina, N. V.; Zvekov, A. A.; Russakov, D. M.; Kalenskii, A. V.; Eremenko, A. N.

2018-02-01

Three gold nanoparticle suspensions are obtained, and mean radii in distributions - (6.1 ± 0.2), (11.9 ± 0.3), and (17.3 ± 0.7) nm - are determined by the transmission electron microscopy method. The optical absorption spectra of suspensions are obtained and studied. Calculation of spectral dependences of the absorption index of suspensions at values of the gold complex refractive index taken from the literature showed a significant deviation of experimental and calculated data in the region of 450-800 nm. Spectral dependences of the absorption of suspensions are simulated within the framework of the Mie-Drude theory taking into account the interband absorption in the form of an additional term in the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity of the Gaussian type. It is shown that to quantify the spectral dependences in the region of the plasmon absorption band of nanoparticles, correction of the parameters of the interband absorption is necessary in addition to the increase of the relaxation parameter of the Drude theory. Spectral dependences of the dielectric permittivity of gold in nanodimensional state are refined from the solution of the inverse problem. The results of the present work are important for predicting the special features of operation of photonic devices and optical detonators based on gold nanoparticles.

The combined influence of stretch, mobility and electrical stimulation in the prevention of muscle fiber atrophy caused hypokinesia and hypodynamia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldspink, G.; Goldspink, D.; Loughna, P.

1984-01-01

The morphological and biochemical changes which occur in the hind limb muscles of the rat in response to hypokinesia and hypodynamia were investigated. Hind limb cast fixation and suspension techniques were employed to study the musclar atrophy after five days of hypokinesia and hypodynamia induced by suspension, appreciable muscular atrophy was apparent, particularly in the anti-gravity muscles. The effect of passive stretching and electrical stimulation on muscle atrophy was studied. Changes in muscle protein mass were assessed with spectrophotometric and radioactive techniques. Passive stretch is shown to counteract muscle disuse atrophy. The change in the numbers of specific muscle fibers in atrophied muscles is discussed.

15 CFR 2011.109 - Suspension or revocation of individual certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.109 Suspension or revocation of individual certificates. (a) Suspension or revocation. The Secretary may suspend, revoke, modify or add... necessary to ensure the effective operation of the import quota system for sugar and that such suspension...

15 CFR 2011.109 - Suspension or revocation of individual certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.109 Suspension or revocation of individual certificates. (a) Suspension or revocation. The Secretary may suspend, revoke, modify or add... necessary to ensure the effective operation of the import quota system for sugar and that such suspension...

15 CFR 2011.109 - Suspension or revocation of individual certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.109 Suspension or revocation of individual certificates. (a) Suspension or revocation. The Secretary may suspend, revoke, modify or add... necessary to ensure the effective operation of the import quota system for sugar and that such suspension...

15 CFR 2011.109 - Suspension or revocation of individual certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.109 Suspension or revocation of individual certificates. (a) Suspension or revocation. The Secretary may suspend, revoke, modify or add... necessary to ensure the effective operation of the import quota system for sugar and that such suspension...

15 CFR 2011.109 - Suspension or revocation of individual certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.109 Suspension or revocation of individual certificates. (a) Suspension or revocation. The Secretary may suspend, revoke, modify or add... necessary to ensure the effective operation of the import quota system for sugar and that such suspension...

21 CFR 520.1802a - Piperazine-carbon disulfide complex suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Piperazine-carbon disulfide complex suspension... § 520.1802a Piperazine-carbon disulfide complex suspension. (a) Specifications. Each fluid ounce of suspension contains 7.5 grams of piperazine-carbon disulfide complex. The piperazine-carbon disulfide complex...

21 CFR 520.1802a - Piperazine-carbon disulfide complex suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Piperazine-carbon disulfide complex suspension... § 520.1802a Piperazine-carbon disulfide complex suspension. (a) Specifications. Each fluid ounce of suspension contains 7.5 grams of piperazine-carbon disulfide complex. The piperazine-carbon disulfide complex...

25 CFR 307.7 - Suspension of license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of license. 307.7 Section 307.7 Indians INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NAVAJO ALL-WOOL WOVEN FABRICS; USE OF GOVERNMENT CERTIFICATE OF GENUINENESS § 307.7 Suspension of license. In the event that complaint is made to the Board...

21 CFR 520.1182 - Iron dextran suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... dose dispenser. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in baby pigs. (3... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Iron dextran suspension. 520.1182 Section 520.1182... DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.1182 Iron dextran suspension...

21 CFR 520.1182 - Iron dextran suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... dose dispenser. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in baby pigs. (3... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Iron dextran suspension. 520.1182 Section 520.1182... DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.1182 Iron dextran suspension...

21 CFR 520.1182 - Iron dextran suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... dose dispenser. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in baby pigs. (3... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Iron dextran suspension. 520.1182 Section 520.1182... DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.1182 Iron dextran suspension...

21 CFR 520.1182 - Iron dextran suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... dose dispenser. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in baby pigs. (3... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Iron dextran suspension. 520.1182 Section 520.1182... DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.1182 Iron dextran suspension...

21 CFR 520.1182 - Iron dextran suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... dose dispenser. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in baby pigs. (3... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Iron dextran suspension. 520.1182 Section 520.1182... DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.1182 Iron dextran suspension...

Experimental study of droplet formation of dense suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martensson, Gustaf; Carson, Fabian

2017-11-01

As with the jet printing of dyes and other low-viscosity fluids, the jetting of dense fluid suspensions is dependent on the repeatable break-off of the fluid filament into well-formed droplets. It is well known that the break-off of dense suspensions is dependent on the volume fraction of the solid phase, particle size and morphology, fluid phase viscosity et cetera, see for example van Deen et al. (2013). The purpose of this study is to establish a deeper understanding of the formation process of droplets of dense suspensions. Previous experiments have utilised a filament break-off device (FilBO) developed in-house. These experiments utilise an ejection device based on rapid volumetric displacement of the fluid through a conical nozzle. The suspension samples consist of a resin-based flux and spherical particles with diameters of dp = 5 - 25 μ m. A droplet of of the suspension with a volume of Vdrop = 2 - 50 nl is ejected from the nozzle. Correlations between droplet speed and the temporal development of the volumetric displacement will be presented. Further results relating break-off length and rate versus particle diameter, volume fraction and probe speed will be presented.

Secretion of Growth Hormone in Response to Muscle Sensory Nerve Stimulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grindeland, Richard E.; Roy, R. R.; Edgerton, V. R.; Gosselink, K. L.; Grossman, E. J.; Sawchenko, P. E.; Wade, Charles E. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

Growth hormone (GH) secretion is stimulated by aerobic and resistive exercise and inhibited by exposure to actual or simulated (bedrest, hindlimb suspension) microgravity. Moreover, hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and preproGRF mRNA are markedly decreased in spaceflight rats. These observations suggest that reduced sensory input from inactive muscles may contribute to the reduced secretion of GH seen in "0 G". Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of muscle sensory nerve stimulation on secretion of GH. Fed male Wistar rats (304 +/- 23 g) were anesthetized (pentobarbital) and the right peroneal (Pe), tibial (T), and sural (S) nerves were cut. Electrical stimulation of the distal (D) or proximal (P) ends of the nerves was implemented for 15 min. to mimic the EMG activity patterns of ankle extensor muscles of a rat walking 1.5 mph. The rats were bled by cardiac puncture and their anterior pituitaries collected. Pituitary and plasma bioactive (BGH) and immunoactive (IGH) GH were measured by bioassay and RIA.

39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

45 CFR 1641.15 - Response to notice of proposed suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Response to notice of proposed suspension. 1641.15 Section 1641.15 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.15 Response to notice of...

45 CFR 1641.15 - Response to notice of proposed suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Response to notice of proposed suspension. 1641.15 Section 1641.15 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND REMOVAL OF RECIPIENT AUDITORS Suspension § 1641.15 Response to notice of...

Rheological Analysis of Live and Dead Microalgae Suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Young Seok; Kang, Chul; Jeong, Jiwon; Kim, Kyu-Oh; Lim, Eunju

2018-04-01

We investigate the rheological properties of microalgae suspensions that are currently being used in various applications. Two kinds of microalgae, chlorella and Synechococcus, were used for preparation of the suspensions, and their rheological characteristics were analyzed experimentally. In order to evaluate the viability of algae, we performed live and dead tests using trypan blue staining assays. Morphological analyses for the algae were conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OP). We examined the viscoelastic behavior of the live and the dead algae suspensions by performing dynamic oscillatory shear tests.

Digital control analysis and design of a field-sensed magnetic suspension system.

PubMed

Li, Jen-Hsing; Chiou, Juing-Shian

2015-03-13

Magnetic suspension systems are mechatronic systems and crucial in several engineering applications, such as the levitation of high-speed trains, frictionless bearings, and wind tunnels. Magnetic suspension systems are nonlinear and unstable systems; therefore, they are suitable educational benchmarks for testing various modeling and control methods. This paper presents the digital modeling and control of magnetic suspension systems. First, the magnetic suspension system is stabilized using a digital proportional-derivative controller. Subsequently, the digital model is identified using recursive algorithms. Finally, a digital mixed linear quadratic regulator (LQR)/H∞ control is adopted to stabilize the magnetic suspension system robustly. Simulation examples and a real-world example are provided to demonstrate the practicality of the study results. In this study, a digital magnetic suspension system model was developed and reviewed. In addition, equivalent state and output feedback controls for magnetic suspension systems were developed. Using this method, the controller design for magnetic suspension systems was simplified, which is the novel contribution of this study. In addition, this paper proposes a complete digital controller design procedure for magnetic suspension systems.

Viscosity of aqueous and cyanate ester suspensions containing alumina nanoparticles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawler, Katherine

2009-01-01

The viscosities of both aqueous and cyanate ester monomer (BECy) based suspensions of alumina nanoparticle were studied. The applications for these suspensions are different: aqueous suspensions of alumina nanoparticles are used in the production of technical ceramics made by slip casting or tape casting, and the BECy based suspensions are being developed for use in an injection-type composite repair resin. In the case of aqueous suspensions, it is advantageous to achieve a high solids content with low viscosity in order to produce a high quality product. The addition of a dispersant is useful so that higher solids content suspensions canmore » be used with lower viscosities. For BECy suspensions, the addition of nanoparticles to the BECy resin is expected to enhance the mechanical properties of the cured composite. The addition of saccharides to aqueous suspensions leads to viscosity reduction. Through DSC measurements it was found that the saccharide molecules formed a solution with water and this resulted in lowering the melting temperature of the free water according to classic freezing point depression. Saccharides also lowered the melting temperature of the bound water, but this followed a different rule. The shear thinning and melting behaviors of the suspensions were used to develop a model based on fractal-type agglomeration. It is believed that the structure of the particle flocs in these suspensions changes with the addition of saccharides which leads to the resultant viscosity decrease. The viscosity of the BECy suspensions increased with solids content, and the viscosity increase was greater than predicted by the classical Einstein equation for dilute suspensions. Instead, the Mooney equation fits the viscosity behavior well from 0-20 vol% solids. The viscosity reduction achieved at high particle loadings by the addition of benzoic acid was also investigated by NMR. It appears that the benzoic acid interacts with the surface of the alumina particle

Suspension System Provides Independent Translation And Rotation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heeg, Jennifer

1994-01-01

Spring suspension provides one translational and one rotational degree of freedom. Suspension used to provide for pitching and plunging movements of airfoil in wind tunnel. Translational freedom provided by two thin, flat steel spring tines, clamped at one end to stationary block fixed to ceiling of wind tunnel, and clamped to movable block at other end.

29 CFR 5.9 - Suspension of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suspension of funds. 5.9 Section 5.9 Labor Office of the... Procedures § 5.9 Suspension of funds. In the event of failure or refusal of the contractor or any... the payment, advance or guarantee of funds until such time as the violations are discontinued or until...

Non-linear dielectric spectroscopy of microbiological suspensions

PubMed Central

Treo, Ernesto F; Felice, Carmelo J

2009-01-01

Background Non-linear dielectric spectroscopy (NLDS) of microorganism was characterized by the generation of harmonics in the polarization current when a microorganism suspension was exposed to a sinusoidal electric field. The biological nonlinear response initially described was not well verified by other authors and the results were susceptible to ambiguous interpretation. In this paper NLDS was performed to yeast suspension in tripolar and tetrapolar configuration with a recently developed analyzer. Methods Tripolar analysis was carried out by applying sinusoidal voltages up to 1 V at the electrode interface. Tetrapolar analysis was carried on with sinusoidal field strengths from 0.1 V cm-1 to 70 V cm-1. Both analyses were performed within a frequency range from 1 Hz through 100 Hz. The harmonic amplitudes were Fourier-analyzed and expressed in dB. The third harmonic, as reported previously, was investigated. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was used to test the effect of inhibitor an activator of the plasma membrane enzyme in the measured response. Results No significant non-linearities were observed in tetrapolar analysis, and no observable changes occurred when inhibitor and activator were added to the suspension. Statistical analysis confirmed these results. When a pure sinus voltage was applied to an electrode-yeast suspension interface, variations higher than 25 dB for the 3rd harmonic were observed. Variation higher than 20 dB in the 3rd harmonics has also been found when adding an inhibitor or activator of the membrane-bounded enzymes. These variations did not occur when the suspension was boiled. Discussion The lack of result in tetrapolar cells suggest that there is no, if any, harmonic generation in microbiological bulk suspension. The non-linear response observed was originated in the electrode-electrolyte interface. The frequency and voltage windows observed in previous tetrapolar analysis were repeated in the tripolar measurements, but maximum were not

17 CFR 240.12d2-1 - Suspension of trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Suspension of trading. 240... Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Suspension of Trading, Withdrawal, and Striking from Listing and Registration § 240.12d2-1 Suspension of trading. (a) A national securities exchange may suspend from trading a...

21 CFR 26.67 - Suspension of listed conformity assessment bodies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Suspension of listed conformity assessment bodies... EUROPEAN COMMUNITY âFrameworkâ Provisions § 26.67 Suspension of listed conformity assessment bodies. The following procedures shall apply with regard to the suspension of a conformity assessment body (CAB) listed...

17 CFR 240.12d2-1 - Suspension of trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Suspension of trading. 240... Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Suspension of Trading, Withdrawal, and Striking from Listing and Registration § 240.12d2-1 Suspension of trading. (a) A national securities exchange may suspend from trading a...

17 CFR 240.12d2-1 - Suspension of trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Suspension of trading. 240... Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Suspension of Trading, Withdrawal, and Striking from Listing and Registration § 240.12d2-1 Suspension of trading. (a) A national securities exchange may suspend from trading a...

17 CFR 240.12d2-1 - Suspension of trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Suspension of trading. 240... Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Suspension of Trading, Withdrawal, and Striking from Listing and Registration § 240.12d2-1 Suspension of trading. (a) A national securities exchange may suspend from trading a...

14. UNIDENTIFIED CABLESTAYED SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH TIMBER RAILING OF TEN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. UNIDENTIFIED CABLE-STAYED SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH TIMBER RAILING OF TEN PANELS AND STONE PIER, SHOWING ELEMENTS SIMILAR TO E.E. RUNYON'S SUSPENSION BRIDGE PATENTS, BUT ALTERNATE CABLE PATTERN. 3/4 VIEW FROM BELOW. - Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge, Spanning Paluxy River at County Route 149, Bluff Dale, Erath County, TX

17 CFR 240.12d2-1 - Suspension of trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of trading. 240... Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Suspension of Trading, Withdrawal, and Striking from Listing and Registration § 240.12d2-1 Suspension of trading. (a) A national securities exchange may suspend from trading a...

Effects of transients in LIGO suspensions on searches for gravitational waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walker, M.; Abbott, T. D.; Aston, S. M.; González, G.; Macleod, D. M.; McIver, J.; Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, R. X.; Anderson, S. B.; Ananyeva, A.; Appert, S.; Arai, K.; Ballmer, S. W.; Barker, D.; Barr, B.; Barsotti, L.; Bartlett, J.; Bartos, I.; Batch, J. C.; Bell, A. S.; Betzwieser, J.; Billingsley, G.; Birch, J.; Biscans, S.; Biwer, C.; Blair, C. D.; Bork, R.; Brooks, A. F.; Ciani, G.; Clara, F.; Countryman, S. T.; Cowart, M. J.; Coyne, D. C.; Cumming, A.; Cunningham, L.; Danzmann, K.; Da Silva Costa, C. F.; Daw, E. J.; DeBra, D.; DeRosa, R. T.; DeSalvo, R.; Dooley, K. L.; Doravari, S.; Driggers, J. C.; Dwyer, S. E.; Effler, A.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evans, T. M.; Factourovich, M.; Fair, H.; Fernández Galiana, A.; Fisher, R. P.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V. V.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Gras, S.; Gray, C.; Grote, H.; Gushwa, K. E.; Gustafson, E. K.; Gustafson, R.; Hall, E. D.; Hammond, G.; Hanks, J.; Hanson, J.; Hardwick, T.; Harry, G. M.; Heintze, M. C.; Heptonstall, A. W.; Hough, J.; Izumi, K.; Jones, R.; Kandhasamy, S.; Karki, S.; Kasprzack, M.; Kaufer, S.; Kawabe, K.; Kijbunchoo, N.; King, E. J.; King, P. J.; Kissel, J. S.; Korth, W. Z.; Kuehn, G.; Landry, M.; Lantz, B.; Lockerbie, N. A.; Lormand, M.; Lundgren, A. P.; MacInnis, M.; Márka, S.; Márka, Z.; Markosyan, A. S.; Maros, E.; Martin, I. W.; Martynov, D. V.; Mason, K.; Massinger, T. J.; Matichard, F.; Mavalvala, N.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McCormick, S.; McIntyre, G.; Mendell, G.; Merilh, E. L.; Meyers, P. M.; Miller, J.; Mittleman, R.; Moreno, G.; Mueller, G.; Mullavey, A.; Munch, J.; Nuttall, L. K.; Oberling, J.; Oliver, M.; Oppermann, P.; Oram, Richard J.; O'Reilly, B.; Ottaway, D. J.; Overmier, H.; Palamos, J. R.; Paris, H. R.; Parker, W.; Pele, A.; Penn, S.; Phelps, M.; Pierro, V.; Pinto, I.; Principe, M.; Prokhorov, L. G.; Puncken, O.; Quetschke, V.; Quintero, E. A.; Raab, F. J.; Radkins, H.; Raffai, P.; Reid, S.; Reitze, D. H.; Robertson, N. A.; Rollins, J. G.; Roma, V. J.; Romie, J. H.; Rowan, S.; Ryan, K.; Sadecki, T.; Sanchez, E. J.; Sandberg, V.; Savage, R. L.; Schofield, R. M. S.; Sellers, D.; Shaddock, D. A.; Shaffer, T. J.; Shapiro, B.; Shawhan, P.; Shoemaker, D. H.; Sigg, D.; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; Smith, B.; Smith, J. R.; Sorazu, B.; Staley, A.; Strain, K. A.; Tanner, D. B.; Taylor, R.; Thomas, M.; Thomas, P.; Thorne, K. A.; Thrane, E.; Torrie, C. I.; Traylor, G.; Tuyenbayev, D.; Vajente, G.; Valdes, G.; van Veggel, A. A.; Vecchio, A.; Veitch, P. J.; Venkateswara, K.; Vo, T.; Vorvick, C.; Ward, R. L.; Warner, J.; Weaver, B.; Weiss, R.; Weßels, P.; Willke, B.; Wipf, C. C.; Worden, J.; Wu, G.; Yamamoto, H.; Yancey, C. C.; Yu, Hang; Yu, Haocun; Zhang, L.; Zucker, M. E.; Zweizig, J.

2017-12-01

This paper presents an analysis of the transient behavior of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) suspensions used to seismically isolate the optics. We have characterized the transients in the longitudinal motion of the quadruple suspensions during Advanced LIGO's first observing run. Propagation of transients between stages is consistent with modeled transfer functions, such that transient motion originating at the top of the suspension chain is significantly reduced in amplitude at the test mass. We find that there are transients seen by the longitudinal motion monitors of quadruple suspensions, but they are not significantly correlated with transient motion above the noise floor in the gravitational wave strain data, and therefore do not present a dominant source of background noise in the searches for transient gravitational wave signals. Using the suspension transfer functions, we compared the transients in a week of gravitational wave strain data with transients from a quadruple suspension. Of the strain transients between 10 and 60 Hz, 84% are loud enough that they would have appeared above the sensor noise in the top stage quadruple suspension monitors if they had originated at that stage at the same frequencies. We find no significant temporal correlation with the suspension transients in that stage, so we can rule out suspension motion originating at the top stage as the cause of those transients. However, only 3.2% of the gravitational wave strain transients are loud enough that they would have been seen by the second stage suspension sensors, and none of them are above the sensor noise levels of the penultimate stage. Therefore, we cannot eliminate the possibility of transient noise in the detectors originating in the intermediate stages of the suspension below the sensing noise.

Rheology of concentrated suspensions of non-colloidal rigid fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guazzelli, Elisabeth; Tapia, Franco; Shaikh, Saif; Butler, Jason E.; Pouliquen, Olivier

2017-11-01

Pressure and volume-imposed rheology is used to study suspensions of non-colloidal, rigid fibers in the concentrated regime for aspect ratios ranging from 3 to 15. The suspensions exhibit yield-stresses. Subtracting these apparent yield-stresses reveals a viscous scaling for both the shear and normal stresses. The variation in aspect ratio does not affect the friction coefficient (ratio of shear and normal stresses), but increasing the aspect ratio lowers the maximum volume fraction at which the suspension flows. Constitutive laws are proposed for the viscosities and the friction coefficient close to this maximum flowable fraction. The scaling of the stresses near this jamming transition are found to differ substantially from that of a suspension of spheres.

Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Hydroxycarbamide Oral Suspensions.

PubMed

Kabiche, Djamila; Balde, Issa-Bella; Majoul, Elyes; Kabiche, Sofiane; Bourguignon, Elodie; Fontan, Jean-Eudes; Cisternino, Salvatore; Schlatter, Jöel

2017-01-01

Hydroxycarbamide, available as tablets, is a pharmacological agent for fetal hemoglobin induction such as sickle cell anemia. The need for alternative dosage form options for patients unable to take tablets led hospital pharmacies to prepare solutions and suspensions. The objective of this study was to determine the stability of hydroxycarbamide in Ora-Plus in combination with either Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF, Ora-Blend, or Ora-Blend SF suspending agents. The studied samples were compounded into 100-mg/mL suspensions and stored in 60-mL amber glass bottles at room (22°C to 25°C) or refrigerated (4°C to 8°C) temperature. Samples were assayed at each time point out to 120 days by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. The samples were examined for any change in color, odor, visual microbiology, and pH on initial and final day of analysis. At least 90% of hydroxycarbamide concentration remained in all suspensions at the end of the 120-day study period in both conditions. There was no appreciable change in color, odor, or taste. The pH values of suspensions stored at 25°C changed by at least 1 unit at the end of the study period. Based on the data collected, the beyond-use date of these suspensions is 120 days when stored in 60-mL amber glass bottles at both temperature storage conditions. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Design and analysis of an intelligent controller for active geometry suspension systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodarzi, Avesta; Oloomi, Ehsan; Esmailzadeh, Ebrahim

2011-02-01

An active geometry suspension (AGS) system is a device to optimise suspension-related factors such as toe angle and roll centre height by controlling vehicle's suspension geometry. The suspension geometry could be changed through control of suspension mounting point's position. In this paper, analysis and control of an AGS system is addressed. First, the effects of suspension geometry change on roll centre height and toe angle are studied. Then, based on an analytical approach, the improvement of the vehicle's stability and handling due to the control of suspension geometry is investigated. In the next section, an eight-degree-of-freedom handling model of a sport utility vehicle equipped with an AGS system is introduced. Finally, a self-tuning proportional-integral controller has been designed, using the fuzzy control theory, to control the actuator that changes the geometry of the suspension system. The simulation results show that an AGS system can improve the handling and stability of the vehicle.

7 CFR 1423.13 - Appeals, suspensions, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appeals, suspensions, and debarment. 1423.13 Section 1423.13 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT... APPROVED WAREHOUSES § 1423.13 Appeals, suspensions, and debarment. (a) After initial approval, warehouse...

Weakly sheared active suspensions: hydrodynamics, stability, and rheology.

PubMed

Cui, Zhenlu

2011-03-01

We present a kinetic model for flowing active suspensions and analyze the behavior of a suspension subjected to a weak steady shear. Asymptotic solutions are sought in Deborah number expansions. At the leading order, we explore the steady states and perform their stability analysis. We predict the rheology of active systems including an activity thickening or thinning behavior of the apparent viscosity and a negative apparent viscosity depending on the particle type, flow alignment, and the anchoring conditions, which can be tested on bacterial suspensions. We find remarkable dualities that show that flow-aligning rodlike contractile (extensile) particles are dynamically and rheologically equivalent to flow-aligning discoid extensile (contractile) particles for both tangential and homeotropic anchoring conditions. Another key prediction of this work is the role of the concentration of active suspensions in controlling the rheological behavior: the apparent viscosity may decrease with the increase of the concentration.

Flux-canceling electrodynamic maglev suspension. Part 1: Test fixture design and modeling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thompson, M.T.; Thornton, R.D.; Kondoleon, A.

1999-05-01

The design and analysis of a scale-model suspension test facility for magnetic levitation (maglev) is discussed. The authors describe techniques for the design, construction, and testing of a prototype electrodynamic suspension (EDS) levitation system. The viability of future high-temperature superconducting magnet designs for maglev has been investigated with regard to their application to active secondary suspensions. In order to test the viability of a new flux-canceling EDS suspension, a 1/5-scale suspension magnet and guideway was constructed. The suspension was tested by using a high-speed rotating test wheel facility with linear peripheral speed of up to 84 m/s (300 km/h). Amore » set of approximate design tools and scaling laws has been developed in order to evaluate forces and critical velocities in the suspension.« less

Water-Based Suspensions of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Electrostatic or Steric Stabilization by Chitosan: Fabrication, Characterization and Biocompatibility

PubMed Central

Litvinova, Larisa S.; Safronov, Alexander P.; Schupletsova, Valeria V.; Tyukova, Irina S.; Khaziakhmatova, Olga G.; Slepchenko, Galina B.; Yurova, Kristina A.; Cherempey, Elena G.; Kulesh, Nikita A.; Andrade, Ricardo; Beketov, Igor V.; Khlusov, Igor A.

2017-01-01

Present day biomedical applications, including magnetic biosensing, demand better understanding of the interactions between living systems and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In this work spherical MNPs of maghemite were obtained by a highly productive laser target evaporation technique. XRD analysis confirmed the inverse spinel structure of the MNPs (space group Fd-3m). The ensemble obeyed a lognormal size distribution with the median value 26.8 nm and dispersion 0.362. Stabilized water-based suspensions were fabricated using electrostatic or steric stabilization by the natural polymer chitosan. The encapsulation of the MNPs by chitosan makes them resistant to the unfavorable factors for colloidal stability typically present in physiological conditions such as pH and high ionic force. Controlled amounts of suspensions were used for in vitro experiments with human blood mononuclear leukocytes (HBMLs) in order to study their morphofunctional response. For sake of comparison the results obtained in the present study were analyzed together with our previous results of the study of similar suspensions with human mesenchymal stem cells. Suspensions with and without chitosan enhanced the secretion of cytokines by a 24-h culture of HBMLs compared to a control without MNPs. At a dose of 2.3, the MTD of chitosan promotes the stimulating effect of MNPs on cells. In the dose range of MNPs 10–1000 MTD, chitosan “inhibits” cellular secretory activity compared to MNPs without chitosan. Both suspensions did not caused cell death by necrosis, hence, the secretion of cytokines is due to the enhancement of the functional activity of HBMLs. Increased accumulation of MNP with chitosan in the cell fraction at 100 MTD for 24 h exposure, may be due to fixation of chitosan on the outer membrane of HBMLs. The discussed results can be used for an addressed design of cell delivery/removal incorporating multiple activities because of cell capability to avoid phagocytosis by immune cells

Stability of an extemporaneously compounded minoxidil oral suspension.

PubMed

Song, Yunmei; Chin, Zen Whey; Ellis, David; Lwin, Ei Mon Phyo; Turner, Sean; Williams, Desmond; Garg, Sanjay

2018-03-01

Results of a study to determine the stability of an extemporaneously compounded minoxidil oral suspension under various temperature and stress conditions are reported. Commercially available minoxidil tablets (10 mg) were crushed to a fine powder, and predetermined amounts of 2 suspending vehicles were added to produce a 1-mg/mL suspension, which was stored in glass bottles at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) or in a refrigerator (4 ± 2 °C). To simulate daily patient use, 5 days weekly 1 bottle of the suspension was removed from refrigerated storage and shaken and 0.5 mL of the contents discarded. At each specified time point, samples were analyzed in duplicate ( n = 6 for each test condition) using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Samples were visually observed and their pH measured at each time point. Microbiological studies were performed on day 0 and at week 24. The mean percentage of initial minoxidil concentration remaining in all refrigerated samples exceeded 90% throughout the 24-week study, with no change in appearance, pH, microbial activity, odor, or redispersibility. During storage at room temperature, the suspension exhibited a color change at week 4, with slight sedimentation after 6 weeks, although minoxidil recovery exceeded 90% for 10 weeks. An extemporaneously compounded minoxidil oral suspension was stable for 24 weeks when stored in a refrigerator. This suspension can be used for up to 3 weeks when stored at room temperature. Copyright © 2018 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

78 FR 79324 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-30

...This rule identifies communities where the sale of flood insurance has been authorized under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) that are scheduled for suspension on the effective dates listed within this rule because of noncompliance with the floodplain management requirements of the program. If the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) receives documentation that the community has adopted the required floodplain management measures prior to the effective suspension date given in this rule, the suspension will not occur and a notice of this will be provided by publication in the Federal Register on a subsequent date. Also, information identifying the current participation status of a community can be obtained from FEMA's Community Status Book (CSB). The CSB is available at http:// www.fema.gov/fema/csb.shtm.

Stimulation of glucose phosphorylation by fructose in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PubMed

Van Schaftingen, E; Vandercammen, A

1989-01-15

The phosphorylation of glucose was measured by the formation of [3H]H2O from [2-3H]glucose in suspensions of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Fructose (0.2 mM) stimulated 2-4-fold the rate of phosphorylation of 5 mM glucose although not of 40 mM glucose, thus increasing the apparent affinity of the glucose phosphorylating system. A half-maximal stimulatory effect was observed at about 50 microM fructose. Stimulation was maximal 5 min after addition of the ketose and was stable for at least 40 min, during which period 60% of the fructose was consumed. The effect of fructose was reversible upon removal of the ketose. Sorbitol and tagatose were as potent as fructose in stimulating the phosphorylation of 5 mM glucose. D-Glyceraldehyde also had a stimulatory effect but at tenfold higher concentrations. In contrast, dihydroxyacetone had no significant effect and glycerol inhibited the detritiation of glucose. Oleate did not affect the phosphorylation of glucose, even in the presence of fructose, although it stimulated the formation of ketone bodies severalfold, indicating that it was converted to its acyl-CoA derivative. These results allow the conclusion that fructose stimulates glucokinase in the intact hepatocyte. They also suggest that this effect is mediated through the formation of fructose 1-phosphate, which presumably interacts with a competitive inhibitor of glucokinase other than long-chain acyl-CoAs.

45 CFR 670.15 - Modification, suspension, and revocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Modification, suspension, and revocation. 670.15 Section 670.15 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Permits § 670.15 Modification, suspension, and...

45 CFR 670.15 - Modification, suspension, and revocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Modification, suspension, and revocation. 670.15 Section 670.15 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Permits § 670.15 Modification, suspension, and...

45 CFR 670.15 - Modification, suspension, and revocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Modification, suspension, and revocation. 670.15 Section 670.15 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Permits § 670.15 Modification, suspension, and...

45 CFR 670.15 - Modification, suspension, and revocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Modification, suspension, and revocation. 670.15 Section 670.15 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Permits § 670.15 Modification, suspension, and...

Development of suspension cell culture model to mimic circulating tumor cells

PubMed Central

Park, Ji Young; Jeong, Ae Lee; Joo, Hyun Jeong; Han, Sora; Kim, So-Hyun; Kim, Hye-Youn; Lim, Jong-Seok; Lee, Myeong-Sok; Choi, Hyung-Kyoon; Yang, Young

2018-01-01

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential for the establishment of distant metastasis. Numerous studies have characterized CTCs as metastatic precursors; however, the molecular nature of CTCs has not been completely revealed yet due to the low number of CTCs in the blood stream. As an alternative approach, we developed a long-term suspension cell culture model using human breast cancer cell lines to mimic CTCs. We found that more than 40 passaged suspension cells acquired the ability to enhance metastasis like cancer stem cells. To identify molecular changes acquired during the suspension cell culture, we analyzed metabolic and lipidomic profiles as well as transcriptome in MDA-MB-468 suspension cells. Glutamate and leucine levels increased in suspension cells, and cholesterol synthesis pathway was altered. The inhibition of glutamate metabolic pathway decreased the proliferation of suspension cells compared to that of adherent cells. In the lipidomic profile, PC species containing long chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in suspension cells and these species could be authentic and specific biomarkers for highly metastatic cancers. As this CTC-mimicking suspension cell culture model may easily apply to various types of cancer, we suggest this model as a great tool to develop therapeutic targets and drugs to eradicate metastatic cancer cells. PMID:29416640

Status of the Monolithic Suspensions for Advanced Virgo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Travasso, F.; Virgo Collaboration

2018-02-01

Successfully implemented in GEO and Virgo+, the monolithic suspensions are one of the most important upgrades in the second generation of gravitational wave interferometric detectors, including Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and Advanced Virgo (AdV). Characterized by a very low thermal noise, monolithic suspensions are essential for improving the interferometers sensitivity at low frequencies (10-100Hz). In Advanced Virgo their installation was delayed because of a contamination problem in the vacuum system: dust produced by scroll pumps was injected in the main vacuum chambers during the venting processes, damaging the fibers and ultimately causing their repeated failure. The effort to explain and resolve this issue was useful to further confirm the suspensions’ reliability and our control on the production process. Moreover, we developed and implemented new tools and procedures to certify each part of the monolithic suspensions. In the meanwhile, in order to join aLIGO during its second Observation Run (O2), a temporary steel suspension was implemented, based on the initial Virgo design. That solution allowed us to contribute to the first three-detector observation of a gravitational wave (GW) ([1]), and to the first observation of a coalescing neutron star binary ([2]) In the near future the monolithic suspensions will be reinstalled along with additional upgrades of Virgo.

Professor Jesse W. Beams and the first practical magnetic suspension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allaire, P. E.; Humphris, R. R.; Lewis, D. W.

1992-01-01

Dr. Jesse W. Beams developed the first practical magnetic suspension for high speed rotating devices. The devices included high speed rotating mirrors, ultracentrifuges, and high speed centrifugal field rotors. A brief biography of Dr. Beams is presented, and the following topics are discussed: (1) early axial magnetic suspension for ultracentrifuges; and (2) magnetic suspension for high centrifugal fields.

Overview of magnetic suspension research at Langley Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J.

1992-01-01

An overview of research in small- and large-gap magnetic suspension systems at LaRC is presented. The overview is limited to systems which have been built as laboratory models or engineering models. Small-gap systems applications include the Annular Momentum Control Device (AMCD), which is a momentum storage device for the stabilization and control of spacecraft, and the Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS), which is a general purpose pointing mount designed to provide orientation, mechanical isolation, and fine pointing space experiments. These devices are described and control and linearization approaches for the magnetic suspension systems for these devices are discussed. Large-gap systems applications at LaRC have been almost exclusively wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems. A brief description of these efforts is also presented.

Modeling the viscosity of polydisperse suspensions: Improvements in prediction of limiting behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mwasame, Paul M.; Wagner, Norman J.; Beris, Antony N.

2016-06-01

The present study develops a fully consistent extension of the approach pioneered by Farris ["Prediction of the viscosity of multimodal suspensions from unimodal viscosity data," Trans. Soc. Rheol. 12, 281-301 (1968)] to describe the viscosity of polydisperse suspensions significantly improving upon our previous model [P. M. Mwasame, N. J. Wagner, and A. N. Beris, "Modeling the effects of polydispersity on the viscosity of noncolloidal hard sphere suspensions," J. Rheol. 60, 225-240 (2016)]. The new model captures the Farris limit of large size differences between consecutive particle size classes in a suspension. Moreover, the new model includes a further generalization that enables its application to real, complex suspensions that deviate from ideal non-colloidal suspension behavior. The capability of the new model to predict the viscosity of complex suspensions is illustrated by comparison against experimental data.

15 CFR 2011.207 - Suspension of the certificate system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.207 Suspension of the certificate system. (a) Suspension. The...

15 CFR 2011.207 - Suspension of the certificate system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.207 Suspension of the certificate system. (a) Suspension. The...

15 CFR 2011.207 - Suspension of the certificate system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.207 Suspension of the certificate system. (a) Suspension. The...

15 CFR 2011.207 - Suspension of the certificate system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ALLOCATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ON IMPORTED SUGARS, SYRUPS AND MOLASSES Specialty Sugar § 2011.207 Suspension of the certificate system. (a) Suspension. The...

Vibration control of an energy regenerative seat suspension with variable external resistance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ning, Donghong; Sun, Shuaishuai; Du, Haiping; Li, Weihua; Zhang, Nong

2018-06-01

In this paper, an energy regenerative seat suspension with a variable external resistance is proposed and built, and a semi-active controller for its vibration control is also designed and validated. The energy regenerative seat suspension is built with a three-phase generator and a gear reducer, which are installed in the scissors structure centre of the seat suspension, and the vibration energy is directly harvested from the rotary movement of suspension's scissors structure. The electromagnetic torque of the semi-active seat suspension actuator is controlled by an external variable resistor. An integrated model including the seat suspension's kinematics and the generator is built and proven to match the test result very well. A simplified experimental phenomenon model is also built based on the test results for the controller design. A state feedback H∞ controller is proposed for the regenerative seat suspension's semi-active vibration control. The proposed regenerative seat suspension and its controller are validated with both simulations and experiments. A well-tuned passive seat suspension is applied to evaluate the regenerative seat's performance. Based on ISO 2631-1, the frequency-weighted root mean square (FW-RMS) acceleration of the proposed seat suspension has a 22.84% reduction when compared with the passive one, which indicates the improvement of ride comfort. At the same time, the generated RMS power is 1.21 W. The proposed regenerative seat suspension can greatly improve the driver's ride comfort and has the potential to be developed to a self-powered semi-active system.

Droplet formation and scaling in dense suspensions

PubMed Central

Miskin, Marc Z.; Jaeger, Heinrich M.

2012-01-01

When a dense suspension is squeezed from a nozzle, droplet detachment can occur similar to that of pure liquids. While in pure liquids the process of droplet detachment is well characterized through self-similar profiles and known scaling laws, we show here the simple presence of particles causes suspensions to break up in a new fashion. Using high-speed imaging, we find that detachment of a suspension drop is described by a power law; specifically we find the neck minimum radius, rm, scales like near breakup at time τ = 0. We demonstrate data collapse in a variety of particle/liquid combinations, packing fractions, solvent viscosities, and initial conditions. We argue that this scaling is a consequence of particles deforming the neck surface, thereby creating a pressure that is balanced by inertia, and show how it emerges from topological constraints that relate particle configurations with macroscopic Gaussian curvature. This new type of scaling, uniquely enforced by geometry and regulated by the particles, displays memory of its initial conditions, fails to be self-similar, and has implications for the pressure given at generic suspension interfaces. PMID:22392979

Assessment of railway wagon suspension characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soukup, Josef; Skočilas, Jan; Skočilasová, Blanka

2017-05-01

The article deals with assessment of railway wagon suspension characteristics. The essential characteristics of a suspension are represented by the stiffness constants of the equivalent springs and the eigen frequencies of the oscillating movements in reference to the main central inertia axes of a vehicle. The premise of the experimental determination of these characteristic is the knowledge of the gravity center position and the knowledge of the main central inertia moments of the vehicle frame. The vehicle frame performs the general spatial movement when the vehicle moves. An analysis of the frame movement generally arises from Euler's equations which are commonly used for the description of the spherical movement. This solution is difficult and it can be simplified by applying the specific assumptions. The eigen frequencies solutions and solutions of the suspension stiffness are presented in the article. The solutions are applied on the railway and road vehicles with the simplifying conditions. A new method which assessed the characteristics is described in the article.

[Method of studying the effects of pharmacological substances on work capacity of animals in hypobaric hypoxia].

PubMed

Spasov, A A; Kovalev, G V; Tsibanev, A V

1990-08-01

The method of the study of medical agent influence and biological active substances on duration of small laboratory animals swimming has been worked out excluding the air. For this purpose the animals were placed into altitude chamber, filled with water by 1/3 (one-third) of its volume being in antiorthostatic position on dipping into water. It has been established that at the altitude of 4000 (four thousand) meters high the rat swimming duration became shorter in comparison with their work under normal pressure in 2.5-4 times. Bemitil stimulating work in hypobaric hypoxia depresses it sharply. Bemitil stimulating influence on the rat efficiency did not appear with rising. Antioxidant substance ionol increased efficiency in normal conditions and in hypoxia AKS-85 adaptogenic compound increased swimming in the height duration to a greater degree, mildronat substance for efficiency restoration produced actoprotective influence.

Processing of fibre suspensions at ultra-high consistencies

Treesearch

Daniel F. Caulfield; Rodney E. Jacobson

2004-01-01

Typically the paper physicist considers pulp suspensions greater than 0.5% consistency as high consistency. In our research on cellulose fibre- reinforced engineering plastics we have had to develop a two-step method for the processing of fibers suspensions at ultrahigh consistencies (consistencies greater than 30%).

42 CFR 66.111 - Suspension, waiver, and cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Suspension, waiver, and cancellation. 66.111 Section 66.111 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDS Direct Awards § 66.111 Suspension, waiver, and...

42 CFR 66.111 - Suspension, waiver, and cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Suspension, waiver, and cancellation. 66.111 Section 66.111 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDS Direct Awards § 66.111 Suspension, waiver, and...

42 CFR 66.111 - Suspension, waiver, and cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Suspension, waiver, and cancellation. 66.111 Section 66.111 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDS Direct Awards § 66.111 Suspension, waiver, and...

42 CFR 66.111 - Suspension, waiver, and cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension, waiver, and cancellation. 66.111 Section 66.111 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDS Direct Awards § 66.111 Suspension, waiver, and...

42 CFR 66.111 - Suspension, waiver, and cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Suspension, waiver, and cancellation. 66.111 Section 66.111 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDS Direct Awards § 66.111 Suspension, waiver, and...

THE ELECTRIC CAPACITY OF SUSPENSIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BLOOD.

PubMed

Fricke, H

1925-11-20

1. The specific capacity of a suspension is that capacity which) combined in parallel with a certain resistance, electrically balances 1 cm. cube of the suspension. 2. The following formula holds for the specific capacity of a suspension of spheroids, each of which is composed of a well conducting interior surrounded by a thin membrane of a comparatively high resistance: See PDF for Equation C, specific capacity of suspension; C(o), static capacity of one sq. cm. of membrane; r, r(1) specific resistances respectively of suspension and of suspending liquid; 2 q major axis of spheroid, alpha constant tabulated in Table I. 3. The following formula holds practically for any suspension whatever the form of the suspended particle. See PDF for Equation C = C(100) being the specific capacity of a suspension with a concentration of 100 per cent. Formulae (1a) and (1b) hold only for the case, when the frequency is so low, that the impedance of the static capacity of the membrane around a single particle is high as compared with the resistance of the interior of the particle. The formulae hold also for a suspension of homogeneous particles, when polarization takes place at the surface of each particle, provided the polarization resistance is low as compared with the impedance of the polarization capacity. 4. A description is given of a method for measuring the capacity of a suspension at frequencies between 800 and 4(1/2) million cycles. By means of a specially designed bridge, a substitution method is employed, by which in the last analysis the suspension is compared with the suspending liquid which is so diluted as to have the same specific resistance as the suspension, consecutive measurements being made in the same electrolytic cell. 5. Formula (1b) is verified by measurements of the capacity of suspensions of varying volume concentrations of the red corpuscles of a dog. 6. By means of the above measurements, the value of C(o) is calculated by equation (1a). 7. It is

Airfoil flutter model suspension system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reed, Wilmer H. (Inventor)

1987-01-01

A wind tunnel suspension system for testing flutter models under various loads and at various angles of attack is described. The invention comprises a mounting bracket assembly affixing the suspension system to the wind tunnel, a drag-link assembly and a compound spring arrangement comprises a plunge spring working in opposition to a compressive spring so as to provide a high stiffness to trim out steady state loads and simultaneously a low stiffness to dynamic loads. By this arrangement an airfoil may be tested for oscillatory response in both plunge and pitch modes while being held under high lifting loads in a wind tunnel.

A new angle on microscopic suspension feeders near boundaries.

PubMed

Pepper, Rachel E; Roper, Marcus; Ryu, Sangjin; Matsumoto, Nobuyoshi; Nagai, Moeto; Stone, Howard A

2013-10-15

Microscopic sessile suspension feeders are a critical component in aquatic ecosystems, acting as an intermediate trophic stage between bacteria and higher eukaryotic taxa. Because they live attached to boundaries, it has long been thought that recirculation of the feeding currents produced by sessile suspension feeders inhibits their ability to access fresh fluid. However, previous models for the feeding flows of these organisms assume that they feed by pushing fluid perpendicular to surfaces they live upon, whereas we observe that sessile suspension feeders often feed at an angle to these boundaries. Using experiments and calculations, we show that living suspension feeders (Vorticella) likely actively regulate the angle that they feed relative to a substratum. We then use theory and simulations to show that angled feeding increases nutrient and particle uptake by reducing the reprocessing of depleted water. This work resolves an open question of how a key class of suspension-feeding organisms escapes physical limitations associated with their sessile lifestyle. Copyright © 2013 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Suspension osteopenia in mice: whole body electromagnetic field effects.

PubMed

Simske, S J; Luttges, M W

1995-01-01

Whole-body fields were tested for their efficacy in preventing the osteopenia caused by tail suspension in mice. The fields had fundamental frequencies corresponding to the upper range of predicted endogenous impact-generated frequencies (0.25-2.0 kHz) in the long bones. Three distinct whole-body EMFs were applied for 2 weeks on growing mice. Structural, geometric, and material properties of the femora, tibiae, and humeri of suspended mice were altered compared to controls. Comparison of suspended mice and mice subjected to caloric restriction indicates that the changes in caloric intake do not explain either the suspension or the field-induced effects. In agreement with past studies, rather, unloading appears to cause the suspension effects and to be addressed by the EMFs. The EMF effects on bone properties were apparently frequency dependent, with the lower two fundamental frequencies (260 and 910 Hz) altering, albeit slightly, the suspension-induced bone effects. The fields are not apparently optimized for frequency, etc., with respect to therapeutic potential; however, suspension provides a model system for further study of the in vivo effects of EMFs.

Influence of crystal habit on trimethoprim suspension formulation.

PubMed

Tiwary, A K; Panpalia, G M

1999-02-01

The role of crystal habit in influencing the physical stability and pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim suspensions was examined. Different habits for trimethoprim (TMP) were obtained by recrystallizing the commercial sample (PD) utilizing solvent-change precipitation method. Four distinct habits (microscopic observation) belonging to the same polymorphic state (DSC studies) were selected for studies. Preformulation and formulation studies were carried out on suspension dosage forms containing these crystals. The freshly prepared suspensions were also evaluated for their pharmacokinetic behaviour on healthy human volunteers using a cross over study. Variation of crystallization conditions produces different habits of TMP. Among the different crystal habits exhibiting same polymorphic state, the most anisometric crystal showed best physical stability in terms of sedimentation volume and redispersibility. However, habit did not significantly affect the extent of TMP excreted in urine. Modification of surface morphology without significantly altering the polymorphic state can be utilized for improving physical stability of TMP suspensions. However, the pharmacokinetic profile remains unaltered.

Equivalent Air Spring Suspension Model for Quarter-Passive Model of Passenger Vehicles

PubMed Central

Abid, Haider J.; Chen, Jie; Nassar, Ameen A.

2015-01-01

This paper investigates the GENSIS air spring suspension system equivalence to a passive suspension system. The SIMULINK simulation together with the OptiY optimization is used to obtain the air spring suspension model equivalent to passive suspension system, where the car body response difference from both systems with the same road profile inputs is used as the objective function for optimization (OptiY program). The parameters of air spring system such as initial pressure, volume of bag, length of surge pipe, diameter of surge pipe, and volume of reservoir are obtained from optimization. The simulation results show that the air spring suspension equivalent system can produce responses very close to the passive suspension system. PMID:27351020

Equivalent Air Spring Suspension Model for Quarter-Passive Model of Passenger Vehicles.

PubMed

Abid, Haider J; Chen, Jie; Nassar, Ameen A

2015-01-01

This paper investigates the GENSIS air spring suspension system equivalence to a passive suspension system. The SIMULINK simulation together with the OptiY optimization is used to obtain the air spring suspension model equivalent to passive suspension system, where the car body response difference from both systems with the same road profile inputs is used as the objective function for optimization (OptiY program). The parameters of air spring system such as initial pressure, volume of bag, length of surge pipe, diameter of surge pipe, and volume of reservoir are obtained from optimization. The simulation results show that the air spring suspension equivalent system can produce responses very close to the passive suspension system.

Evaluating Suspension Formulations of Theophylline Cocrystals With Artificial Sweeteners.

PubMed

Aitipamula, Srinivasulu; Wong, Annie B H; Kanaujia, Parijat

2018-02-01

Pharmaceutical cocrystals have garnered significant interest as potential solids to address issues associated with formulation development of drug substances. However, studies concerning the understanding of formulation behavior of cocrystals are still at the nascent stage. We present results of our attempts to evaluate suspension formulations of cocrystals of an antiasthmatic drug, theophylline, with 2 artificial sweeteners. Stability, solubility, drug release, and taste of the suspension formulations were evaluated. Suspension that contained cocrystal with acesulfame showed higher drug release rate, while a cocrystal with saccharin showed a significant reduction in drug release rate. The cocrystal with saccharin was found stable in suspension for over 9 weeks at accelerated test condition; in contrast, the cocrystal with acesulfame was found unstable. Taste analysis using an electronic taste-sensing system revealed improved sweetness of the suspension formulations with cocrystals. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index with a short half-life which necessitates frequent dosing. This adversely impacts patient compliance and enhances risk of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse effects. The greater thermodynamic stability, sweetness, and sustained drug release of the suspension formulation of theophylline-saccharin could offer an alternative solution to the short half-life of theophylline and make it a promising formulation for treating asthmatic pediatric and geriatric patients. Copyright © 2018 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 250.171 - How do I request a suspension?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How do I request a suspension? 250.171 Section 250.171 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF General Suspensions § 250.171 How do I request a suspension? You must submit your request fo...

5 CFR 890.1030 - Effect of a suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of a suspension is the same as the effect of a debarment. A suspended provider may not receive... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effect of a suspension. 890.1030 Section... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM Administrative Sanctions Imposed Against Health Care...

12 CFR 19.243 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Removal, suspension, or debarment. 19.243 Section 19.243 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Removal, Suspension, and Debarment of Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 19...

2 CFR 180.740 - Are suspension proceedings formal?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Are suspension proceedings formal? 180.740 Section 180.740 Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS... suspension decision. (b) You as a respondent or your representative must submit any documentary evidence you...

Intelligent systems of the vehicles’ suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yurlin, D.

2018-02-01

The article is devoted to the current condition of car’s active suspension system. It presents the tendencies in development of the active systems of suspension system, adjustable elements incorporated in them and the companies succeeded in designing such systems. It also mirrors the problem of impact of active systems on car’s safety and their importance for the driver. Advantages and disadvantages of the most common types of active elements are being described, analyzed and compared. The author concludes about the perspectives of these systems’ development.

"I Didn't Do Nothin'": The Discursive Construction of School Suspension.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vavrus, Frances; Cole, KimMarie

2002-01-01

Conducted observations, interviews, and videotaped lessons at a multiethnic high school to investigate sociocultural factors influencing school suspension. Suspensions frequently occurred in the absence of physical violence or blatant verbal abuse. Suspensions were generally preceded by a series of nonviolent events, with one disruptive event…

Origins of microstructural transformations in charged vesicle suspensions: the crowding hypothesis.

PubMed

Seth, Mansi; Ramachandran, Arun; Murch, Bruce P; Leal, L Gary

2014-09-02

It is observed that charged unilamellar vesicles in a suspension can spontaneously deflate and subsequently transition to form bilamellar vesicles, even in the absence of externally applied triggers such as salt or temperature gradients. We provide strong evidence that the driving force for this deflation-induced transition is the repulsive electrostatic pressure between charged vesicles in concentrated suspensions, above a critical effective volume fraction. We use volume fraction measurements and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy imaging to quantitatively follow both the macroscopic and microstructural time-evolution of cationic diC18:1 DEEDMAC vesicle suspensions at different surfactant and salt concentrations. A simple model is developed to estimate the extent of deflation of unilamellar vesicles caused by electrostatic interactions with neighboring vesicles. It is determined that when the effective volume fraction of the suspension exceeds a critical value, charged vesicles in a suspension can experience "crowding" due to overlap of their electrical double layers, which can result in deflation and subsequent microstructural transformations to reduce the effective volume fraction of the suspension. Ordinarily in polydisperse colloidal suspensions, particles interacting via a repulsive potential transform into a glassy state above a critical volume fraction. The behavior of charged vesicle suspensions reported in this paper thus represents a new mechanism for the relaxation of repulsive interactions in crowded situations.

Adaptive tracking control for active suspension systems with non-ideal actuators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Huihui; Sun, Weichao; Jing, Xingjian; Gao, Huijun; Yao, Jianyong

2017-07-01

As a critical component of transportation vehicles, active suspension systems are instrumental in the improvement of ride comfort and maneuverability. However, practical active suspensions commonly suffer from parameter uncertainties (e.g., the variations of payload mass and suspension component parameters), external disturbances and especially the unknown non-ideal actuators (i.e., dead-zone and hysteresis nonlinearities), which always significantly deteriorate the control performance in practice. To overcome these issues, this paper synthesizes an adaptive tracking control strategy for vehicle suspension systems to achieve suspension performance improvements. The proposed control algorithm is formulated by developing a unified framework of non-ideal actuators rather than a separate way, which is a simple yet effective approach to remove the unexpected nonlinear effects. From the perspective of practical implementation, the advantages of the presented controller for active suspensions include that the assumptions on the measurable actuator outputs, the prior knowledge of nonlinear actuator parameters and the uncertain parameters within a known compact set are not required. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop suspension system is theoretically guaranteed by rigorous mathematical analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented adaptive control scheme is confirmed using comparative numerical simulation validations.

38 CFR 21.3043 - Suspension of program; child.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Suspension of program; child. 21.3043 Section 21.3043 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... 38 U.S.C. Chapter 35 Eligibility and Entitlement § 21.3043 Suspension of program; child. For an...

38 CFR 21.3043 - Suspension of program; child.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Suspension of program; child. 21.3043 Section 21.3043 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... 38 U.S.C. Chapter 35 Eligibility and Entitlement § 21.3043 Suspension of program; child. For an...

38 CFR 21.3043 - Suspension of program; child.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension of program; child. 21.3043 Section 21.3043 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... 38 U.S.C. Chapter 35 Eligibility and Entitlement § 21.3043 Suspension of program; child. For an...

38 CFR 21.3043 - Suspension of program; child.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Suspension of program; child. 21.3043 Section 21.3043 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... 38 U.S.C. Chapter 35 Eligibility and Entitlement § 21.3043 Suspension of program; child. For an...

38 CFR 21.3043 - Suspension of program; child.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suspension of program; child. 21.3043 Section 21.3043 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... 38 U.S.C. Chapter 35 Eligibility and Entitlement § 21.3043 Suspension of program; child. For an...

The Evolution of Discipline: Alternative to Suspension Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Streva, Michael A.

Historically, the chosen method of discipline in United States schools has gone from corporal punishment to an emphasis on suspension. Recently, as principals have become less certain about the extent of their authority to suspend students, many inschool programs have been developed as alternatives to suspension. Among the advantages of such…

[On-board medical support system (MSS) of flights of promising aerospace sets (design)].

PubMed

Ushakov, I B; Bednenko, V S

2010-01-01

It was suggested as the main compositive fractions MSS to consider the base system of automated evaluation of blood redistribution (BR) in body means of crew members protection and prophylaxis (CMPP) of unfavourable effects of flight factors to organism and also the automated circuit of CMPP' control. The advanced MSS includes 4 original measuring channels for registration of the base physiologic indices (electrocardiogram, venous-arterial pulsegram of neck vessels, reogram of head, earlap vessels pulsegram) the dynamic of which allows to determine with the help of computer the BR-integral parameter. The CMPP automated control circuit unites the separate protecting means in common system and executes the individual selection of regimes and CM PP-composition in accord with, first of all, body reactions manifestation and, secondly, individual physiologic status of spaceman. As CMPP was selected the negative pressure production around lower body part. Approlation of constructed active laboratory engineering mock-up MSS has performed investigations with participation of 29 subjects (Volunteers) under the modeling of hemodynamic shifts, developing in human body in short-term antiorthostatic hypokinesia (-10 degrees), as well as, in combined effect of antiorthostatic hypokinesia (-10 degrees), Coriolis acceleration and optokinetic stimulation. Results of investigations have showed, that the use of advanced MSS gives the indices of operator professional activity on the average of 17-32% under the decrease of hemodynamic stressful.

Fatigability and Blood Flow in the Rat Gastrocnemius-Plantaris-Soleus after Hindlimb Suspension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McDonald, K. S.; Delp, M. D.; Fitts, R. H.

1992-01-01

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that hindlimb suspension increases the fatigability of the soleus during intense contractile activity and determine whether the increased fatigue is associated with a reduced muscle blood flow. Cage-control (C) and 15-day hindlimb-suspended (HS) rats were anesthetized, and either the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus (G-P-S) muscle group or the soleus was stimulated (100 Hz, 100-ms trains at 120/min) for 10 min in situ. In the G-P-S preparation, blood flow was measured with radiolabeled microspheres before and at 2 and 10 min of contractile activity. The G-P-S fatigued markedly at this stimulation frequency, and the differences between C and HS animals were not significant until the 9th min of contractile activity. In contrast, the stimulation resulted in faster rates and significantly larger amounts of fatigue in the soleus from HS than from C animals. The atrophied soleus showed significant differences by I min of stimulation (C = 70 +/- 1% vs. HS = 57 +/- 2% of peak train force) and remained different at 10 min (C = 64 +/- 4% vs. HS = 45 +/- 2% peak train force). Relative blood flow to the soleus was similar between groups before and during contractile activity (rest: C = 20 +/- 3 vs. HS= 12 +/- 3; 2 min: C= 128 +/- 6 vs. HS = 118 +/- 4; 10 min: C = 123 +/- 11 vs. HS = 105 +/- 11 ml min(exp -1) 100 g(exp -1)). In conclusion, these results established that 15 days of HS increased the fatigability of the soleus, but the effect was not caused by a reduced muscle blood flow.

41 CFR 109-40.103-2 - Disqualification and suspension of carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... suspension of carriers. 109-40.103-2 Section 109-40.103-2 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... AVIATION, TRANSPORTATION, AND MOTOR VEHICLES 40-TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 40.1-General Provision § 109-40.103-2 Disqualification and suspension of carriers. Disqualification and suspension are...

In-line mixing states monitoring of suspensions using ultrasonic reflection technique.

PubMed

Zhan, Xiaobin; Yang, Yili; Liang, Jian; Zou, Dajun; Zhang, Jiaqi; Feng, Luyi; Shi, Tielin; Li, Xiwen

2016-02-01

Based on the measurement of echo signal changes caused by different concentration distributions in the mixing process, a simple ultrasonic reflection technique is proposed for in-line monitoring of the mixing states of suspensions in an agitated tank in this study. The relation between the echo signals and the concentration of suspensions is studied, and the mixing process of suspensions is tracked by in-line measurement of ultrasonic echo signals using two ultrasonic sensors. Through the analysis of echo signals over time, the mixing states of suspensions are obtained, and the homogeneity of suspensions is quantified. With the proposed technique, the effects of impeller diameter and agitation speed on the mixing process are studied, and the optimal agitation speed and the minimum mixing time to achieve the maximum homogeneity are acquired under different operating conditions and design parameters. The proposed technique is stable and feasible and shows great potential for in-line monitoring of mixing states of suspensions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Size-selective separation of submicron particles in suspensions with ultrasonic atomization.

PubMed

Nii, Susumu; Oka, Naoyoshi

2014-11-01

Aqueous suspensions containing silica or polystyrene latex were ultrasonically atomized for separating particles of a specific size. With the help of a fog involving fine liquid droplets with a narrow size distribution, submicron particles in a limited size-range were successfully separated from suspensions. Performance of the separation was characterized by analyzing the size and the concentration of collected particles with a high resolution method. Irradiation of 2.4MHz ultrasound to sample suspensions allowed the separation of particles of specific size from 90 to 320nm without regarding the type of material. Addition of a small amount of nonionic surfactant, PONPE20 to SiO2 suspensions enhanced the collection of finer particles, and achieved a remarkable increase in the number of collected particles. Degassing of the sample suspension resulted in eliminating the separation performance. Dissolved air in suspensions plays an important role in this separation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A suspension-feeding anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian.

PubMed

Vinther, Jakob; Stein, Martin; Longrich, Nicholas R; Harper, David A T

2014-03-27

Large, actively swimming suspension feeders evolved several times in Earth's history, arising independently from groups as diverse as sharks, rays and stem teleost fishes, and in mysticete whales. However, animals occupying this niche have not been identified from the early Palaeozoic era. Anomalocarids, a group of stem arthropods that were the largest nektonic animals of the Cambrian and Ordovician periods, are generally thought to have been apex predators. Here we describe new material from Tamisiocaris borealis, an anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian (Series 2) Sirius Passet Fauna of North Greenland, and propose that its frontal appendage is specialized for suspension feeding. The appendage bears long, slender and equally spaced ventral spines furnished with dense rows of long and fine auxiliary spines. This suggests that T. borealis was a microphagous suspension feeder, using its appendages for sweep-net capture of food items down to 0.5 mm, within the size range of mesozooplankton such as copepods. Our observations demonstrate that large, nektonic suspension feeders first evolved during the Cambrian explosion, as part of an adaptive radiation of anomalocarids. The presence of nektonic suspension feeders in the Early Cambrian, together with evidence for a diverse pelagic community containing phytoplankton and mesozooplankton, indicate the existence of a complex pelagic ecosystem supported by high primary productivity and nutrient flux. Cambrian pelagic ecosystems seem to have been more modern than previously believed.

49 CFR 592.7 - Suspension, revocation, and reinstatement of suspended registrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... vehicle during the time that its registration has been suspended. (d) Effect of suspension or revocation... date of the suspension or revocation all vehicles that it imported to which it has not affixed a... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension, revocation, and reinstatement of...

12 CFR 263.91 - Censure, suspension or debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Censure, suspension or debarment. 263.91... RESERVE SYSTEM RULES OF PRACTICE FOR HEARINGS Practice Before the Board § 263.91 Censure, suspension or debarment. The Board may censure an individual or suspend or debar such individual from practice before the...

Pharmacology of ketoconazole suspension in infants and children.

PubMed Central

Ginsburg, C M; McCracken, G H; Olsen, K

1983-01-01

The pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole administered as either a commercially prepared suspension or as a crushed tablet in applesauce were studied in 12 children. The mean peak plasma concentration of ketoconazole and the area under the plasma time-concentration curve were approximately twofold greater with the suspension than with the crushed tablets. PMID:6307138

9 CFR 354.38 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 354.38... Inspection Service § 354.38 Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval given pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended by the Administrator for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and...

9 CFR 354.38 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 354.38... Inspection Service § 354.38 Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval given pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended by the Administrator for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and...

9 CFR 354.38 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 354.38... Inspection Service § 354.38 Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval given pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended by the Administrator for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and...

9 CFR 354.38 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 354.38... Inspection Service § 354.38 Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval given pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended by the Administrator for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and...

9 CFR 354.38 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 354.38... Inspection Service § 354.38 Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval given pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended by the Administrator for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and...

In-School Suspensions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Christopher G.

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature regarding some of the past practices of discipline and to explore the changes in discipline that have been made in our schools, the alternatives that have resulted, and a specific approach--in-school suspension--that has taken root in contemporary education as a result of this change. A review…

Robustness analysis of bogie suspension components Pareto optimised values

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mousavi Bideleh, Seyed Milad

2017-08-01

Bogie suspension system of high speed trains can significantly affect vehicle performance. Multiobjective optimisation problems are often formulated and solved to find the Pareto optimised values of the suspension components and improve cost efficiency in railway operations from different perspectives. Uncertainties in the design parameters of suspension system can negatively influence the dynamics behaviour of railway vehicles. In this regard, robustness analysis of a bogie dynamics response with respect to uncertainties in the suspension design parameters is considered. A one-car railway vehicle model with 50 degrees of freedom and wear/comfort Pareto optimised values of bogie suspension components is chosen for the analysis. Longitudinal and lateral primary stiffnesses, longitudinal and vertical secondary stiffnesses, as well as yaw damping are considered as five design parameters. The effects of parameter uncertainties on wear, ride comfort, track shift force, stability, and risk of derailment are studied by varying the design parameters around their respective Pareto optimised values according to a lognormal distribution with different coefficient of variations (COVs). The robustness analysis is carried out based on the maximum entropy concept. The multiplicative dimensional reduction method is utilised to simplify the calculation of fractional moments and improve the computational efficiency. The results showed that the dynamics response of the vehicle with wear/comfort Pareto optimised values of bogie suspension is robust against uncertainties in the design parameters and the probability of failure is small for parameter uncertainties with COV up to 0.1.

Effect of suspension kinematic on 14 DOF vehicle model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wongpattananukul, T.; Chantharasenawong, C.

2017-12-01

Computer simulations play a major role in shaping modern science and engineering. They reduce time and resource consumption in new studies and designs. Vehicle simulations have been studied extensively to achieve a vehicle model used in minimum lap time solution. Simulation result accuracy depends on the abilities of these models to represent real phenomenon. Vehicles models with 7 degrees of freedom (DOF), 10 DOF and 14 DOF are normally used in optimal control to solve for minimum lap time. However, suspension kinematics are always neglected on these models. Suspension kinematics are defined as wheel movements with respect to the vehicle body. Tire forces are expressed as a function of wheel slip and wheel position. Therefore, the suspension kinematic relation is appended to the 14 DOF vehicle model to investigate its effects on the accuracy of simulate trajectory. Classical 14 DOF vehicle model is chosen as baseline model. Experiment data is collected from formula student style car test runs as baseline data for simulation and comparison between baseline model and model with suspension kinematic. Results show that in a single long turn there is an accumulated trajectory error in baseline model compared to model with suspension kinematic. While in short alternate turns, the trajectory error is much smaller. These results show that suspension kinematic had an effect on the trajectory simulation of vehicle. Which optimal control that use baseline model will result in inaccuracy control scheme.

Suspension osteopenia in mice: Whole body electromagnetic field effects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simske, S.J.; Luttges, M.W.

1995-08-01

Whole-body fields were tested for their efficacy in preventing the osteopenia caused by tail suspension in mice. The fields had fundamental frequencies corresponding to the upper range of predicted endogenous impact-generated frequencies (0.25--2.0 kHz) in the long bones. Three distinct whole-body EMFs were applied for 2 weeks on growing mice. Structural, geometric, and material properties of the femora, tibiae, and humeri of suspended mice were altered compared to controls. Comparison of suspended mice and mice subjected to caloric restriction indicates that the changes in caloric intake do not explain either the suspension or the field-induced effects. In agreement with pastmore » studies, rather, unloading appears to cause the suspension effects and to be addressed by the EMFs. The EMF effects on bone properties were apparently frequency dependent, with the lower two fundamental frequencies (260 and 910 Hz) altering, albeit slightly, the suspension-induced bone effects. The fields are not apparently optimized for frequency, etc., with respect to therapeutic potential; however, suspension provides a model system for further study of the in vivo effects of EMFs.« less

Stability of extemporaneously prepared oxandrolone oral suspensions.

PubMed

Johnson, Cary E; Cober, Mary Petrea; Hawkins, Katherine A; Julian, Justin D

2011-03-15

The stability of extemporaneously prepared oxandrolone oral suspensions was studied. Oxandrolone oral suspension (1 mg/mL) was prepared using oxandrolone tablets, Ora-Plus, and either Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF. Three identical samples of each formulation were prepared and stored in 2-oz amber plastic bottles with child-resistant caps at room temperature (23-25 °C). After thorough but gentle shaking by hand to prevent foaming, a 1-mL sample was withdrawn from each of the six bottles, diluted with mobile phase to an expected concentration of 200 μg/mL, and assayed in duplicate by injecting 5 μL into the high-performance liquid chromatography system immediately after preparation and at 7, 14, 35, 60, and 90 days. The samples were examined for any change in color or pH on each day of analysis. The stability of the suspensions was determined by calculating the percentage of the initial oxandrolone concentration remaining on each test day. Stability was defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial oxandrolone concentration. At least 98% of the original oxandrolone concentration remained in both formulations at the end of the 90-day study period. There was no appreciable change in odor, taste, color, or pH. Both suspensions remained white in color and sweet with no aftertaste throughout the study period. The oxandrolone was easily resuspended with gentle shaking. Extemporaneously prepared suspensions of oxandrolone 1 mg/mL in 1:1 mixtures of Ora-Plus and either Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF were stable for at least 90 days when stored in 2-oz amber plastic bottles at room temperature.

Bone and muscle atrophy with suspension of the rat

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leblanc, A.; Marsh, C.; Evans, H.; Johnson, P.; Schneider, V.; Jhingran, S.

1985-01-01

In order to identify a suitable model for the study of muscle atrophy due to suspension in space, a modified version of the Morey tail suspension model was used to measure the atrophic responses of rat bone and muscle to 14-30 days of unloading of the hindlimbs. The progress of atrophy was measured by increases in methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake. It is found that bone uptake of methylene diphosphonate followed a phasic pattern similar to changes in the bone formation rate of immobilized dogs and cats. Increased MDP uptake after a period of 60 days indicated an accelerated bone metabolism. Maximum muscle atrophy in the suspended rats was distinctly different from immobilization atrophy. On the basis of the experimental results, it is concluded that the tail suspension model is an adequate simulation of bone atrophy due to suspension.

Vibration characteristics and damage detection in a suspension bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wickramasinghe, Wasanthi R.; Thambiratnam, David P.; Chan, Tommy H. T.; Nguyen, Theanh

2016-08-01

Suspension bridges are flexible and vibration sensitive structures that exhibit complex and multi-modal vibration. Due to this, the usual vibration based methods could face a challenge when used for damage detection in these structures. This paper develops and applies a mode shape component specific damage index (DI) to detect and locate damage in a suspension bridge with pre-tensioned cables. This is important as suspension bridges are large structures and damage in them during their long service lives could easily go un-noticed. The capability of the proposed vibration based DI is demonstrated through its application to detect and locate single and multiple damages with varied locations and severity in the cables of the suspension bridge. The outcome of this research will enhance the safety and performance of these bridges which play an important role in the transport network.

Anomalous intrinsic viscosity of octadecylamine-functionalised carbon nanotubes in suspension.

PubMed

Donovan, K J; Scott, K

2013-06-28

Single walled carbon nanotubes, SWCNTs, are used as a model cylinder of nanoscopic dimensions for testing rheological theories of how addition of cylindrical particles affects the viscosity of a suspension of such particles. Using the rate of growth of the accompanying induced linear dichroism following application of an applied electric field, the dynamics of carbon nanotube alignment is studied in suspensions of octadecylamine functionalised single walled carbon nanotubes, ODA-SWCNTs, in 1,2 dichloroethane. From such measurements the viscosity of the suspension is measured as the concentration of the suspension is varied. While working within the dilute limit the viscosity is found to increase linearly with concentration and the intrinsic viscosity of the suspension is found to be 8000. This anomalously high intrinsic viscosity is compared with the predictions of various models for a rigid cylinder and found to be incompatible with any of the current models. Some suggestions are made as to the way this ODA-SWCNT result may be eventually accommodated within other models.

UNIDENTIFIED CATENARY SUSPENSION BRIDGE ON RIVETED METAL PIERS, SHOWING HOWE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

UNIDENTIFIED CATENARY SUSPENSION BRIDGE ON RIVETED METAL PIERS, SHOWING HOWE PIPE TRUSS RAILING AND TRUSSED DECK BEAMS TYPICAL TO BRIDGES BUILT BY FLINN-MOYER COMPANY. TRIPODAL PIPE TOWERS RESEMBLE CLEAR FORK OF THE BRAZOS SUSPENSION BRIDGE’S TOWERS PRIOR TO ENCASEMENT IN CONCRETE. NOTE COLLAPSED TRUSS IN RIVER. ELEVATION VIEW. - Clear Fork of Brazos River Suspension Bridge, Spanning Clear Fork of Brazos River at County Route 179, Albany, Shackelford County, TX

Polymorphism in Bacterial Flagella Suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwenger, Walter J.

Bacterial flagella are a type of biological polymer studied for its role in bacterial motility and the polymorphic transitions undertaken to facilitate the run and tumble behavior. The naturally rigid, helical shape of flagella gives rise to novel colloidal dynamics and material properties. This thesis studies methods in which the shape of bacterial flagella can be controlled using in vitro methods and the changes the shape of the flagella have on both single particle dynamics and bulk material properties. We observe individual flagellum in both the dilute and semidilute regimes to observe the effects of solvent condition on the shape of the filament as well as the effect the filament morphology has on reptation through a network of flagella. In addition, we present rheological measurements showing how the shape of filaments effects the bulk material properties of flagellar suspensions. We find that the individual particle dynamics in suspensions of flagella can vary with geometry from needing to reptate linearly via rotation for helical filaments to the prevention of long range diffusion for block copolymer filaments. Similarly, for bulk material properties of flagella suspensions, helical geometries show a dramatic enhancement in elasticity over straight filaments while block copolymers form an elastic gel without the aid of crosslinking agents.

Physiological responses during whole body suspension of adult rats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steffen, J. M.; Fell, R. D.; Musacchia, X. J.

1987-01-01

The objective of this study was to characterize responses of adult rats to one and two weeks of whole body suspension. Body weights and food and water intakes were initially reduced during suspension, but, while intake of food and water returned to presuspension levels, body weight remained depressed. Diuresis was evident, but only during week two. Hindlimb muscle responses were differential, with the soleus exhibiting the greatest atrophy and the EDL a relative hypertrophy. These findings suggest that adult rats respond qualitatively in a manner similar to juveniles during suspension.

78 FR 12106 - Debarment, Suspension, and Ineligibility of Contractors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

... OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Debarment, Suspension, and Ineligibility of Contractors AGENCY: U.S... Acquisition Regulation (FAR) regarding the debarment, suspension, and ineligibility of government contractors... ensure that it contracts only with those entities and individuals (hereinafter, contractors) who are...

21 CFR 529.400 - Chlorhexidine tablets and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Chlorhexidine tablets and suspension. 529.400... Chlorhexidine tablets and suspension. (a) Specification. Each tablet and each 28-milliliter syringe of.... 000856 in § 510.600(c) of this chapter. (c) Conditions of use—(1) Amount. Place 1 or 2 tablets deep in...

9 CFR 592.180 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 592.180... Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and equipment in a satisfactory state of repairs; (2) The use...

9 CFR 592.180 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 592.180... Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and equipment in a satisfactory state of repairs; (2) The use...

9 CFR 592.180 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 592.180... Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and equipment in a satisfactory state of repairs; (2) The use...

9 CFR 592.180 - Suspension of plant approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Suspension of plant approval. 592.180... Suspension of plant approval. (a) Any plant approval pursuant to the regulations in this part may be suspended for: (1) Failure to maintain plant and equipment in a satisfactory state of repairs; (2) The use...

48 CFR 52.242-14 - Suspension of Work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... when a fixed-price construction or architect-engineer contract is contemplated: Suspension of Work (APR... adjustment is provided for or excluded under any other term or condition of this contract. (c) A claim under... requirement shall not apply as to a claim resulting from a suspension order), and (2) unless the claim, in an...

48 CFR 52.242-14 - Suspension of Work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... when a fixed-price construction or architect-engineer contract is contemplated: Suspension of Work (APR... adjustment is provided for or excluded under any other term or condition of this contract. (c) A claim under... requirement shall not apply as to a claim resulting from a suspension order), and (2) unless the claim, in an...

48 CFR 52.242-14 - Suspension of Work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... when a fixed-price construction or architect-engineer contract is contemplated: Suspension of Work (APR... adjustment is provided for or excluded under any other term or condition of this contract. (c) A claim under... requirement shall not apply as to a claim resulting from a suspension order), and (2) unless the claim, in an...

48 CFR 3023.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Drug-Free Workplace 3023.506 Suspension of payments, termination of...

48 CFR 3023.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Drug-Free Workplace 3023.506 Suspension of payments, termination of...

48 CFR 3023.506 - Suspension of payments, termination of contract, and debarment and suspension actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Drug-Free Workplace 3023.506 Suspension of payments, termination of...

Fatigability and blood flow in the rat gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus after hindlimb suspension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, K. S.; Delp, M. D.; Fitts, R. H.

1992-01-01

The hypothesis that hindlimb suspension (HS) increases the fatigability of the soleus during intense contractile activity and that the increased fatigue is associated with a reduced muscle blood flow was tested using caged control rats and rats subjected to HS for 15 days. After 15 days, either the soleus or the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus (G-P-S) muscle group was stimulated in situ (10 min at 100 Hz, 100 ms trains at 120/min), and in the G-P-S preparation, blood flow was measured with radiolabeled microspheres before and at 2 min and 10 min after the start of contractile activity. The results indicate that 15 days of HS resulted in increased fatigability of the soleus, but the effect was not caused by a reduced muscle blood flow.

Large Scale Brownian Dynamics of Confined Suspensions of Rigid Particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donev, Aleksandar; Sprinkle, Brennan; Balboa, Florencio; Patankar, Neelesh

2017-11-01

We introduce new numerical methods for simulating the dynamics of passive and active Brownian colloidal suspensions of particles of arbitrary shape sedimented near a bottom wall. The methods also apply for periodic (bulk) suspensions. Our methods scale linearly in the number of particles, and enable previously unprecedented simulations of tens to hundreds of thousands of particles. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our methods on a suspension of boomerang-shaped colloids. We also model recent experiments on active dynamics of uniform suspensions of spherical microrollers. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under award DMS-1418706, and by the U.S. Department of Energy under award DE-SC0008271.

Flow of viscoplastic suspensions in a hydraulic fracture: implications to overflush

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boronin, S. A.; Osiptsov, A. A.; Desroches, J.

2017-10-01

The study is devoted to modeling of multiphase flows of immiscible viscoplastic fluids in a hydraulic fracture. In the framework of the lubrication approximation, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are reduced to hyperbolic transport equations for the fluid tracers and a quasi-linear elliptic equation in terms of the fluid pressure. The governing equations are solved numerically using the finite-difference approach. A parametric study of the displacement of Bingham fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell is carried out. It is found that fingers developed through the pillar of a yield-stress suspension trigger the development of unyielded zones. An increase in the Bingham number leads to an increase in the so-called finger shielding effect, which manifests itself via an increase in the overall finger penetration zone and a decrease in the total number of fingers. The effect of flow parameters on the displacement of hydraulic fracturing proppant-laden suspension by a clean fluid in the vicinity of the perforation zone is carried out. This particular case is considered in application to overflush at the end of a stimulation treatment, when a small portion of a thin clean fluid is injected to wash out the particles from the wellbore into the fracture. It is found that an increase in the yield stress and the viscosity contrast between the fracturing and the overflush fluids typically reduces the area of the cavity thus mitigating the risk of loosing the conductive path between the wellbore and the fracture after the fracture closure.

Rheological study of clay-kaolin aqueous suspensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lapasin, R.; Lucchini, F.

1984-01-01

Rheological characteristics of clay-kaolin aqueous suspensions were studied by a rotational viscometer to correlate their behavior with the properties of ceramic slips for casting containing quartz, feldspars, and other nonplastic materials. In particular, the effects of the different amounts of dry materials and deflocculant (mixture 1:1 of Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3) and of temperatures on the shear-time-dependent properties of suspensions were examined.

Post-suspension hypotension is attenuated in Sprague-Dawley rats by prostacyclin synthase inhibition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bayorh, M. A.; Eatman, D.; Walton, M.; Socci, R. R.; Emmett, N.

2002-01-01

Cardiovascular deconditioning, sometimes manifested in astronauts during standing postflight, may be related to the impairment of autonomic function and/or excessive production of endothelium-dependent relaxing factors. In the present study, we examined the cardiovascular responses to 7-day 30 degrees tail-suspension and a subsequent 6-h post-suspension period in conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats to determine the role of prostacyclin in the observed post-suspension reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The specific prostacyclin synthase inhibitor U-51605 (0.3 mg/kg), or saline, was administered intravenously prior to release from suspension and at 2 and 4 h post-suspension. During 7 days of suspension, MAP did not change, however, there was a post-suspension reduction in MAP which was associated with significant increases in plasma prostacyclin and nitric oxide. U-51605 attenuated the observed post-suspension hypotension and reduced plasma prostacyclin levels, but not nitric oxide levels. The baroreflex sensitivity for heart rate was modified by U-51605: increased MAP threshold and effective MAP range. Thus, the post-suspension reduction in mean arterial pressure may be due to overproduction of prostacyclin and/or other endothelium-dependent relaxing factors and alteration in baroreflex activity.

77 FR 7579 - Debarment, Suspension, and Ineligibility of Contractors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

... GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE Debarment, Suspension, and Ineligibility of Contractors AGENCY... government contractors. Comments on GAO's policy were due on or before November 14, 2011. GAO received two... debarment, suspension, and ineligibility of government contractors. Neither comment suggested any changes to...

39 CFR 320.7 - Suspension for advertisements accompanying parcels or periodicals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension for advertisements accompanying parcels or periodicals. 320.7 Section 320.7 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE RESTRICTIONS ON PRIVATE CARRIAGE OF LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.7 Suspension for advertisements accompanying parcels or periodicals. (a) Th...

Shear thinning in soft particle suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voudouris, Panayiotis; van der Zanden, Berco; Florea, Daniel; Fahimi, Zahra; Wyss, Hans

2012-02-01

Suspensions of soft deformable particles are encountered in a wide range of food and biological materials. Examples are biological cells, micelles, vesicles or microgel particles. While the behavior of suspenions of hard spheres - the classical model system of colloid science - is reasonably well understood, a full understanding of these soft particle suspensions remains elusive. The relation between single particle properties and macroscopic mechanical behavior still remains poorly understood in these materials. Here we examine the surprising shear thinning behavior that is observed in soft particle suspensions as a function of particle softness. We use poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (p-NIPAM) microgel particles as a model system to study this effect in detail. These soft spheres show significant shear thinning even at very large Peclet numbers, where this would not be observed for hard particles. The degree of shear thinning is directly related to the single particle elastic properties, which we characterize by the recently developed Capillary Micromechanics technique. We present a simple model that qualitatively accounts for the observed behavior.

Physical gelation of a microfiber suspension.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perazzo, Antonio; Nunes, Janine K.; Guido, Stefano; Stone, Howard A.

2015-11-01

Hydrogels are among the most exploited materials in tissue engineering and there is growing interest in injectable hydrogels, especially as applied to surgical adhesives and bioprinting materials. Here we report a method to produce a hydrogel in a desired location by simply extruding a suspension of high aspect ratio and flexible microfibers from a syringe. The mechanism of gel formation is purely physical and based on irreversible entanglements formed by the microfibers under the action of flow. The single microfibers have been produced and finely tailored by microfluidic methods. Shear rheology has been performed in order to get insights on the entanglements, and results show that the formation of entanglements is related to a shear thickening behavior of the suspension, which in turn depends on shear rate and concentration of fibers. When shearing the suspension, highly non-linear viscoelastic behavior is observed and probed by a highly positive first normal stress difference. We also report the hydrogel swelling behavior and its linear viscoelastic properties as obtained by imposing small oscillatory stress to the material.

Failure of nasogastric omeprazole suspension in pediatric intensive care patients.

PubMed

Haizlip, Julie A; Lugo, Ralph A; Cash, Jared J; Vernon, Donald D

2005-03-01

To determine the efficacy of nasogastric administration of omeprazole suspension in raising the gastric pH >4 in critically ill pediatric patients and to determine the most appropriate dosing regimen for this indication. Open-label pharmacodynamic study. Twenty-six bed tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit. Mechanically ventilated children aged 1-18 yrs with an additional risk factor for stress ulcer formation. Continuous gastric pH monitoring was performed during administration and dose titration of omeprazole suspension to achieve the goal of gastric pH >4 for greater than 75% of the dosing interval. Data were collected from 18 patients. Subjects were categorized based on the pharmacologic response to nasogastric administration of 1 mg/kg omeprazole suspension (maximum 20 mg) as rapid (n = 9), late (n = 5), and nonresponders (n = 4). Rapid responders required 0.72 mg/kg per day omeprazole suspension to achieve adequate gastric pH elevation for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Late responders required 1.58 mg/kg per day. Nonresponders did not achieve adequate elevation of gastric pH for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Nasogastric administration of omeprazole suspension has variable efficacy in critically ill pediatric patients. Half of the studied subjects either required significant dose titrations to achieve gastric acid suppression or did not respond to nasogastric administration of omeprazole suspension.

Make Your Own Fitness: The Suspension Training Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rauschenbach, Jim; Morrell, Katie; Ridley, Ben; Walsh, Brittany

2013-01-01

Suspension training is a relatively new strength training modality that has emerged in the past six years with the advent of the commercial TRX Suspension Trainer. The TRX trainer has entered the market along with a handful of similar products that can now be found in almost every adult fitness center. The same characteristics of suspension…

Rheological and thermal properties of suspensions of microcapsules containing phase change materials.

PubMed

Cao, Vinh Duy; Salas-Bringas, Carlos; Schüller, Reidar Barfod; Szczotok, Anna M; Hiorth, Marianne; Carmona, Manuel; Rodriguez, Juan F; Kjøniksen, Anna-Lena

2018-01-01

The thermal and rheological properties of suspensions of microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) in glycerol were investigated. When the microcapsule concentration is raised, the heat storage capacity of the suspensions becomes higher and a slight decline in the thermal conductivity of the suspensions is observed. The temperature-dependent shear-thinning behaviour of the suspensions was found to be strongly affected by non-encapsulated phase change materials (PCM). Accordingly, the rheological properties of the MPCM suspensions could be described by the Cross model below the PCM melting point while a power law model best described the data above the PCM melting point. The MPCM suspensions are interesting for energy storage and heat transfer applications. However, the non-encapsulated PCM contributes to the agglomeration of the microcapsules, which can lead to higher pumping consumption and clogging of piping systems.

The rheology of three-phase suspensions at low bubble capillary number

PubMed Central

Truby, J. M.; Mueller, S. P.; Llewellin, E. W.; Mader, H. M.

2015-01-01

We develop a model for the rheology of a three-phase suspension of bubbles and particles in a Newtonian liquid undergoing steady flow. We adopt an ‘effective-medium’ approach in which the bubbly liquid is treated as a continuous medium which suspends the particles. The resulting three-phase model combines separate two-phase models for bubble suspension rheology and particle suspension rheology, which are taken from the literature. The model is validated against new experimental data for three-phase suspensions of bubbles and spherical particles, collected in the low bubble capillary number regime. Good agreement is found across the experimental range of particle volume fraction (0≤ϕp≲0.5) and bubble volume fraction (0≤ϕb≲0.3). Consistent with model predictions, experimental results demonstrate that adding bubbles to a dilute particle suspension at low capillarity increases its viscosity, while adding bubbles to a concentrated particle suspension decreases its viscosity. The model accounts for particle anisometry and is easily extended to account for variable capillarity, but has not been experimentally validated for these cases. PMID:25568617

Gas hydrate suspensions formation and transportation research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulkov, A. N.; Gulkova, S.; Zemenkov, Yu D.; Lapshin, V. D.

2018-05-01

An experimental unit for studying the formation of gas hydrate suspensions and their transport properties is considered. The scheme of installation and the basic processes, which can be studied, are described. The results of studies of gas hydrates and a gas hydrate suspension’ formation in an adiabatic process in a stream of seawater are given. The adiabatic method of obtaining gas hydrates and forming gas hydrate suspensions is offered to use. Directions for further research are outlined.

Anomalous electrical conductivity of nanoscale colloidal suspensions.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Suman; Padhy, Sourav

2008-10-28

The electrical conductivity of colloidal suspensions containing nanoscale conducting particles is nontrivially related to the particle volume fraction and the electrical double layer thickness. Classical electrochemical models, however, tend to grossly overpredict the pertinent effective electrical conductivity values, as compared to those obtained under experimental conditions. We attempt to address this discrepancy by appealing to the complex interconnection between the aggregation kinetics of the nanoscale particles and the electrodynamics within the double layer. In particular, we model the consequent alterations in the effective electrophoretic mobility values of the suspension by addressing the fundamentals of agglomeration-deagglomeration mechanisms through the pertinent variations in the effective particulate dimensions, solid fractions, as well as the equivalent suspension viscosity. The consequent alterations in the electrical conductivity values provide a substantially improved prediction of the corresponding experimental findings and explain the apparent anomalous behavior predicted by the classical theoretical postulates.

Progress towards extreme attitude testing with Magnetic Suspension and Balance Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Britcher, Colin P.; Parker, David H.

1988-01-01

Progress is reported in a research effort aimed towards demonstration of the feasibility of suspension and aerodynamic testing of models at high angles of attack in wind tunnel Magnetic Suspension and Balance Systems. Extensive modifications, described in this paper, have been made to the Southampton University suspension system in order to facilitate this work. They include revision of electromagnet configuration, installation of all-new position sensors and expansion of control system programs. An angle of attack range of 0 to 90 deg is expected for axisymmetric models. To date, suspension up to 80 deg angle of attack has been achieved.

Rheological Properties of Aqueous Colloidal Silica Suspensions Related to Amendment Delivery for Subsurface Remediation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Shuo; Zhong, Lirong; Li, Guanghe

Colloidal silica (fumed silica) suspensions are being tested as carriers for remedial amendment delivery in subsurface remediation and as media for underground contamination containment. The knowledge of the rheological behavior of the silica suspensions is lack in the literature while it is essential for the preparation and field injection of the suspensions. This contribution is focused on the rheological characteristics of colloidal silica suspensions under various environmental conditions relevant to amendment delivery for subsurface remediation. We investigated the influence of silica particle concentration, water source, ionic strength, pH, aging, amendment type and concentration, and subsurface sediment on the rheological behaviormore » of the suspensions. All tested suspension formulations exhibited shear thinning before gelation. Higher silica particle concentration and salinity (Na+ and K+) increased suspensions’ viscosity and the degree of shear thinning. The viscosity of suspensions increased with aging. The suspensions at natural pH exhibited the highest viscosity compared to the acidic and alkaline suspensions with the same silica concentration. Addition of KMnO4 amendment to aqueous silica suspensions increased viscosity, while addition of alcohol amendment decreased suspensions’ viscosity. The presence of amendment did not reduce shear thinning. The gelation rate of silica suspensions was increased with silica concentration and with the addition of sediments. The rheological characteristics of shear thinning aqueous fumed silica suspensions were compared to that of shear thinning solutions formed with organic polymer xanthan gum, which was applied for amendment delivery in subsurface remediation.« less

High-impact exercise in rats prior to and during suspension can prevent bone loss

PubMed Central

Yanagihara, G.R.; Paiva, A.G.; Gasparini, G.A.; Macedo, A.P.; Frighetto, P.D.; Volpon, J.B.; Shimano, A.C.

2016-01-01

High-impact exercise has been considered an important method for treating bone loss in osteopenic experimental models. In this study, we investigated the effects of osteopenia caused by inactivity in femora and tibiae of rats subjected to jump training using the rat tail suspension model. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=10 each group): jump training for 2 weeks before suspension and training during 3 weeks of suspension; jump training for 2 weeks before suspension; jump training only during suspension; suspension without any training; and a control group. The exercise protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week, with a jump height of 40 cm. The bone mineral density of the femora and tibiae was measured by double energy X-ray absorptiometry and the same bones were evaluated by mechanical tests. Bone microarchitecture was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA was used to compare groups. Significance was determined as P<0.05. Regarding bone mineral density, mechanical properties and bone microarchitecture, the beneficial effects were greater in the bones of animals subjected to pre-suspension training and subsequently to training during suspension, compared with the bones of animals subjected to pre-suspension training or to training during suspension. Our results indicate that a period of high impact exercise prior to tail suspension in rats can prevent the installation of osteopenia if there is also training during the tail suspension. PMID:26840705

High-impact exercise in rats prior to and during suspension can prevent bone loss.

PubMed

Yanagihara, G R; Paiva, A G; Gasparini, G A; Macedo, A P; Frighetto, P D; Volpon, J B; Shimano, A C

2016-03-01

High-impact exercise has been considered an important method for treating bone loss in osteopenic experimental models. In this study, we investigated the effects of osteopenia caused by inactivity in femora and tibiae of rats subjected to jump training using the rat tail suspension model. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=10 each group): jump training for 2 weeks before suspension and training during 3 weeks of suspension; jump training for 2 weeks before suspension; jump training only during suspension; suspension without any training; and a control group. The exercise protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week, with a jump height of 40 cm. The bone mineral density of the femora and tibiae was measured by double energy X-ray absorptiometry and the same bones were evaluated by mechanical tests. Bone microarchitecture was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA was used to compare groups. Significance was determined as P<0.05. Regarding bone mineral density, mechanical properties and bone microarchitecture, the beneficial effects were greater in the bones of animals subjected to pre-suspension training and subsequently to training during suspension, compared with the bones of animals subjected to pre-suspension training or to training during suspension. Our results indicate that a period of high impact exercise prior to tail suspension in rats can prevent the installation of osteopenia if there is also training during the tail suspension.

12 CFR 908.75 - Censure, suspension, disbarment and reinstatement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... reinstatement. 908.75 Section 908.75 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE... Practice Before the Finance Board § 908.75 Censure, suspension, disbarment and reinstatement. (a) Discretionary censure, suspension and disbarment. (1) The Finance Board may censure any individual who practices...

12 CFR 908.75 - Censure, suspension, disbarment and reinstatement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... reinstatement. 908.75 Section 908.75 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE... Practice Before the Finance Board § 908.75 Censure, suspension, disbarment and reinstatement. (a) Discretionary censure, suspension and disbarment. (1) The Finance Board may censure any individual who practices...

45 CFR 671.10 - Review, modification, suspension, and revocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Review, modification, suspension, and revocation. 671.10 Section 671.10 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION WASTE REGULATION Permits § 671.10 Review, modification, suspension, and revocation. (a...

20 CFR 416.1335 - Termination due to continuous suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Termination due to continuous suspension. 416.1335 Section 416.1335 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Suspensions and Terminations § 416.1335 Termination due to...

Second International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Nelson J. (Editor); Britcher, Colin P. (Editor)

1994-01-01

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review related recent developments in sensors and controls approaches, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, the Second International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology was held. The symposium included 18 technical sessions in which 44 papers were presented. The technical sessions covered the areas of bearings, bearing modeling, controls, vibration isolation, micromachines, superconductivity, wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems, magnetically levitated trains (MAGLEV), rotating machinery and energy storage, and applications. A list of attendees appears at the end of the document.

Nonlinear compensation techniques for magnetic suspension systems. Ph.D. Thesis - MIT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trumper, David L.

1991-01-01

In aerospace applications, magnetic suspension systems may be required to operate over large variations in air-gap. Thus the nonlinearities inherent in most types of suspensions have a significant effect. Specifically, large variations in operating point may make it difficult to design a linear controller which gives satisfactory stability and performance over a large range of operating points. One way to address this problem is through the use of nonlinear compensation techniques such as feedback linearization. Nonlinear compensators have received limited attention in the magnetic suspension literature. In recent years, progress has been made in the theory of nonlinear control systems, and in the sub-area of feedback linearization. The idea is demonstrated of feedback linearization using a second order suspension system. In the context of the second order suspension, sampling rate issues in the implementation of feedback linearization are examined through simulation.

The influence of suspension components friction on race car vertical dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benini, Claudio; Gadola, Marco; Chindamo, Daniel; Uberti, Stefano; Marchesin, Felipe P.; Barbosa, Roberto S.

2017-03-01

This work analyses the effect of friction in suspension components on a race car vertical dynamics. It is a matter of fact that race cars aim at maximising their performance, focusing the attention mostly on aerodynamics and suspension tuning: suspension vertical and rolling stiffness and damping are parameters to be taken into account for an optimal setup. Furthermore, friction in suspension components must not be ignored. After a test session carried out with a F4 on a Four Poster rig, friction was detected on the front suspension. The real data gathered allow the validation of an analytical model with friction, confirming that its influence is relevant for low frequency values closed to the car pitch natural frequency. Finally, some setup proposals are presented to describe what should be done on actual race cars in order to correct vehicle behaviour when friction occurs.

Preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide suspension developed for intravitreal injection.

PubMed

Bitter, Christoph; Suter, Katja; Figueiredo, Verena; Pruente, Christian; Hatz, Katja; Surber, Christian

2008-02-01

All commercially available triamcinolone acetonide (TACA) suspensions, used for intravitreal treatment, contain retinal toxic vehicles (e.g., benzyl alcohol, solubilizer). Our aim was to find a convenient and reproducible method to compound a completely preservative-free TACA suspension, adapted to the intraocular physiology, with consistent quality (i.e., proven sterility and stability, constant content and dose uniformity, defined particle size, and 1 year shelf life). We evaluated two published (Membrane-filter, Centrifugation) and a newly developed method (Direct Suspending) to compound TACA suspensions for intravitreal injection. Parameters as TACA content (HPLC), particle size (microscopy and laser spectrometry), sterility, and bacterial endotoxins were assessed. Stability testing (at room temperature and 40 degrees C) was performed: color and homogeneity (visually), particle size (microscopically), TACA content and dose uniformity (HPLC) were analyzed according to International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. Contrary to the known methods, the direct suspending method is convenient, provides a TACA suspension, which fulfills all compendial requirements, and has a 2-year shelf life. We developed a simple, reproducible method to compound stable, completely preservative-free TACA suspensions with a reasonable shelf-life, which enables to study the effect of intravitreal TACA--not biased by varying doses and toxic compounds or their residues.

30 CFR 256.73 - Effect of suspensions on lease term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Supervisor directs a suspension because of: (1) Gross negligence; or (2) A willful violation of a provision... of the individual case involved. MMS may grant consecutive suspensions. For more information on...

Adrenaline stimulates the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells towards the LPS-induced lung injury

PubMed Central

Wu, Xiaodan; Wang, Zhiming; Qian, Mengjia; Wang, Lingyan; Bai, Chunxue; Wang, Xiangdong

2014-01-01

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could modulate inflammation in experimental lung injury. On the other hand, adrenergic receptor agonists could increase DNA synthesis of stem cells. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic role of adrenaline-stimulated BMSCs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. BMSCs were cultured with adrenergic receptor agonists or antagonists. Suspensions of lung cells or sliced lung tissue from animals with or without LPS-induced injury were co-cultured with BMSCs. LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages were co-cultured with BMSCs (with adrenaline stimulation or not) in Transwell for 6 hrs. A preliminary animal experiment was conducted to validate the findings in ex vivo study. We found that adrenaline at 10 μM enhanced proliferation of BMSCs through both α- and β-adrenergic receptors. Adrenaline promoted the migration of BMSCs towards LPS-injured lung cells or lung tissue. Adrenaline-stimulated BMSCs decreased the inflammation of LPS-stimulated macrophages, probably through the expression and secretion of several paracrine factors. Adrenaline reduced the extent of injury in LPS-injured rats. Our data indicate that adrenaline-stimulated BMSCs might contribute to the prevention from acute lung injury through the activation of adrenergic receptors, promotion of proliferation and migration towards injured lung, and modulation of inflammation. PMID:24684532

Analysis of a front suspension system for UniART FSAE car using FEA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaidie, M. N. A.; Hashim, M. S. M.; Tasyrif, M.; Basha, M. H.; Ibrahim, I.; Kamaruddin, N. S.; Shahriman, A. B.

2017-10-01

In recent years, many research works from institutions that participated in Formula SAE had highlighted on suspension systems. The aim is to improve the system in term of performance and robustness. However, every suspension system for a racing car is tailored to the car itself. Thus, this paper proposes a new design for front suspension system for UniART FSAE car. The new design was than being compared to the previous suspension system for enhancement. The analysis covered in this paper based on several conditions such as braking, cornering and bumping condition and was carried out using finite element analysis. Each main component for the suspension system such as lower arm, upper arm and knuckle has been analysed in term of strength and performance. From the results, the proposed new design of the suspension system has improved in term of strength and performance compared to the previous suspension system.

Semi-active sliding mode control of vehicle suspension with magneto-rheological damper

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hailong; Wang, Enrong; Zhang, Ning; Min, Fuhong; Subash, Rakheja; Su, Chunyi

2015-01-01

The vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological damper(MRD) has been a hot topic since this decade, in which the robust control synthesis considering load variation is a challenging task. In this paper, a new semi-active controller based upon the inverse model and sliding mode control (SMC) strategies is proposed for the quarter-vehicle suspension with the magneto-rheological (MR) damper, wherein an ideal skyhook suspension is employed as the control reference model and the vehicle sprung mass is considered as an uncertain parameter. According to the asymptotical stability of SMC, the dynamic errors between the plant and reference systems are used to derive the control damping force acquired by the MR quarter-vehicle suspension system. The proposed modified Bouc-wen hysteretic force-velocity ( F- v) model and its inverse model of MR damper, as well as the proposed continuous modulation (CM) filtering algorithm without phase shift are employed to convert the control damping force into the direct drive current of the MR damper. Moreover, the proposed semi-active sliding mode controller (SSMC)-based MR quarter-vehicle suspension is systematically evaluated through comparing the time and frequency domain responses of the sprung and unsprung mass displacement accelerations, suspension travel and the tire dynamic force with those of the passive quarter-vehicle suspension, under three kinds of varied amplitude harmonic, rounded pulse and real-road measured random excitations. The evaluation results illustrate that the proposed SSMC can greatly suppress the vehicle suspension vibration due to uncertainty of the load, and thus improve the ride comfort and handling safety. The study establishes a solid theoretical foundation as the universal control scheme for the adaptive semi-active control of the MR full-vehicle suspension decoupled into four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems.

Liquid crystalline phases in suspensions of pigments in non-polar solvents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klein, Susanne; Richardson, Robert M.; Eremin, Alexey

We will discuss colloid suspensions of pigments and compare their electro-optic properties with those of traditional dyed low molecular weight liquid crystal systems. There are several potential advantages of colloidal suspensions over low molecular weight liquid crystal systems: a very high contrast because of the high orientational order parameter of suspensions of rod shaped nano-particles, the excellent light fastness of pigments as compared to dyes and high colour saturations resulting from the high loading of the colour stuff. Although a weak `single-particle' electro-optic response can be observed in dilute suspensions, the response is very much enhanced when the concentration of the particles is sufficient to lead to a nematic phase. Excellent stability of suspensions is beneficial for experimental observation and reproducibility, but it is a fundamental necessity for display applications. We therefore discuss a method to achieve long term stability of dispersed pigments and the reasons for its success. Small angle X-ray scattering was used to determine the orientational order parameter of the suspensions as a function of concentration and the dynamic response to an applied electric field. Optical properties were investigated for a wide range of pigment concentrations. Electro-optical phenomena, such as field-induced birefringence and switching, were characterised. In addition, mixtures of pigment suspensions with small amounts of ferrofluids show promise as future magneto-optical materials.

Semi-active control of tracked vehicle suspension incorporating magnetorheological dampers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ata, W. G.; Salem, A. M.

2017-05-01

In past years, the application of magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological dampers in vehicle suspension has been widely studied, mainly for the purpose of vibration control. This paper presents theoretical study to identify an appropriate semi-active control method for MR-tracked vehicle suspension. Three representative control algorithms are simulated including the skyhook, hybrid and fuzzy-hybrid controllers. A seven degrees-of-freedom tracked vehicle suspension model incorporating MR dampers has been adopted for comparison between the performance of the three controllers. The model differential equations are derived based on Newton's second law of motion and the proposed control methods are developed. The performance of each control method under bump and sinusoidal road profiles for different vehicle speeds is simulated and compared with the performance of the conventional suspension system in time and frequency domains. The results show that the performance of tracked vehicle suspension with MR dampers is substantially improved. Moreover, the fuzzy-hybrid controller offers an excellent integrated performance in reducing the body accelerations as well as wheel bounce responses compared with the classical skyhook and hybrid controllers.

42 CFR 405.372 - Proceeding for suspension of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Proceeding for suspension of payment. 405.372 Section 405.372 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM FEDERAL HEALTH INSURANCE FOR THE AGED AND DISABLED Suspension of Payment...

42 CFR 405.372 - Proceeding for suspension of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Proceeding for suspension of payment. 405.372 Section 405.372 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM FEDERAL HEALTH INSURANCE FOR THE AGED AND DISABLED Suspension of Payment...

10 CFR 2.909 - Rearrangement or suspension of proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Rearrangement or suspension of proceedings. 2.909 Section 2.909 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING PROCEEDINGS AND.../or National Security Information § 2.909 Rearrangement or suspension of proceedings. In any...

10 CFR 2.909 - Rearrangement or suspension of proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rearrangement or suspension of proceedings. 2.909 Section 2.909 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING PROCEEDINGS AND.../or National Security Information § 2.909 Rearrangement or suspension of proceedings. In any...

13 CFR 130.700 - Suspension, termination and non-renewal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Suspension, termination and non-renewal. 130.700 Section 130.700 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.700 Suspension, termination and non-renewal. (a) General. After SBA has...

13 CFR 130.700 - Suspension, termination and non-renewal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Suspension, termination and non-renewal. 130.700 Section 130.700 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.700 Suspension, termination and non-renewal. (a) General. After SBA has...

21 CFR 520.390c - Chloramphenicol palmitate oral suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Chloramphenicol palmitate oral suspension. 520... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS ORAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 520.390c Chloramphenicol palmitate oral suspension. (a) Specifications. Each milliliter contains chloramphenicol palmitate...

39 CFR 501.6 - Suspension and revocation of authorization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AND DISTRIBUTE POSTAGE EVIDENCING SYSTEMS § 501.6 Suspension and revocation of authorization. (a) The... distribute Postage Evidencing Systems should be suspended or revoked, the procedures in paragraph (c) of this... suspension of authorization to manufacture and/or distribute a specific Postage Evidencing System or class of...

22 CFR 1104.9 - Suspension and revocation of permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Suspension and revocation of permits. 1104.9 Section 1104.9 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, UNITED STATES SECTION PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES § 1104.9 Suspension and revocation of...

21 CFR 522.88 - Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS IMPLANTATION OR INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 522.88 Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. (a)(1) Specifications. Each vial... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. 522...

21 CFR 522.88 - Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS IMPLANTATION OR INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 522.88 Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. (a)(1) Specifications. Each vial... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. 522...

21 CFR 522.88 - Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS IMPLANTATION OR INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 522.88 Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. (a)(1) Specifications. Each vial... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. 522...

21 CFR 522.88 - Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS IMPLANTATION OR INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 522.88 Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. (a)(1) Specifications. Each vial... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sterile amoxicillin trihydrate for suspension. 522...

12 CFR 19.244 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Removal, Suspension, and Debarment of Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 19.244 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for insured national banks if the accountant or firm: (1) Is...

12 CFR 263.403 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 263.403 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for banking organizations if the accountant or firm: (1) Is subject to a final order of removal, suspension, or debarment (other...

12 CFR 19.244 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Removal, Suspension, and Debarment of Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 19.244 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for insured national banks if the accountant or firm: (1) Is...

12 CFR 263.403 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 263.403 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for banking organizations if the accountant or firm: (1) Is subject to a final order of removal, suspension, or debarment (other...

12 CFR 263.403 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM RULES OF PRACTICE FOR HEARINGS Removal, Suspension, and Debarment of Accountants... independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for banking organizations if the accountant or firm: (1) Is subject to a final order of removal, suspension, or debarment (other...

12 CFR 19.244 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Removal, Suspension, and Debarment of Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 19.244 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for insured national banks if the accountant or firm: (1) Is...

12 CFR 263.403 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 263.403 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for banking organizations if the accountant or firm: (1) Is subject to a final order of removal, suspension, or debarment (other...

12 CFR 19.244 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Removal, Suspension, and Debarment of Accountants From Performing Audit Services § 19.244 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or accounting firm may not perform audit services for insured national banks if the accountant or firm: (1) Is...

Investigation of Phenolic Acids in Suspension Cultures of Vitis vinifera Stimulated with Indanoyl-Isoleucine, N-Linolenoyl-L-Glutamine, Malonyl Coenzyme A and Insect Saliva

PubMed Central

Riedel, Heidi; Akumo, Divine N.; Saw, Nay Min Min Thaw; Smetanska, Iryna; Neubauer, Peter

2012-01-01

Vitis vinifera c.v. Muscat de Frontignan (grape) contains various high valuable bioactive phenolic compounds with pharmaceutical properties and industrial interest which are not fully exploited. The focus of this investigation consists in testing the effects of various biological elicitors on a non-morphogenic callus suspension culture of V. vinifera. The investigated elicitors: Indanoyl-isoleucine (IN), N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine (LG), insect saliva (IS) and malonyl coenzyme A (MCoA) were aimed at mimicking the influence of environmental pathogens on plants in their natural habitats and at provoking exogenous induction of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The elicitors’ indanoyl-isoleucine (IN), N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine (LG) and insect saliva (IS), as well as malonyl coenzyme A (MCoA), were independently inoculated to stimulate the synthesis of phenylpropanoids. All of the enhancers positively increased the concentration of phenolic compounds in grape cells. The highest concentration of phenolic acids was detected after 2 h for MCoA, after 48 h for IN and after 24 h for LG and IS respectively. At the maximum production time, treated grape cells had a 3.5-fold (MCoA), 1.6-fold (IN) and 1.5-fold (IS) higher phenolic acid content compared to the corresponding control samples. The HPLC results of grape cells showed two major resveratrol derivatives: 3-O-Glucosyl-resveratrol and 4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-phenol. Their influences of the different elicitors, time of harvest and biomass concentration (p < 0.0001) were statistically significant on the synthesis of phenolic compounds. The induction with MCoA was found to demonstrate the highest statistical effect corresponding to the strongest stress response within the phenylpropanoid pathway in grape cells. PMID:24957372

Interagency Suspension and Debarment Committee

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Interagency Suspension and Debarment Committee (ISDC) was created, as an Office of Management and Budget (OMB) committee, by Executive Order 12549 for the purpose of monitoring the implementation of the Order.

5 CFR 890.1044 - Entities notified of OPM-issued debarments and suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Sanctions Imposed Against Health Care Providers Notifying Outside Parties About Debarment and Suspension Actions § 890.1044 Entities notified of OPM-issued debarments and suspensions. When OPM debars or suspends... debarments and suspensions. 890.1044 Section 890.1044 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT...

Kineto-dynamic design optimisation for vehicle-specific seat-suspension systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shangguan, Wen-Bin; Shui, Yijie; Rakheja, Subhash

2017-11-01

Designs and analyses of seat-suspension systems are invariably performed considering effective vertical spring rate and damping properties, while neglecting important contributions due to kinematics of the widely used cross-linkage mechanism. In this study, a kineto-dynamic model of a seat-suspension is formulated to obtain relations for effective vertical suspension stiffness and damping characteristics as functions of those of the air spring and the hydraulic damper, respectively. The proposed relations are verified through simulations of the multi-body dynamic model of the cross-linkage seat-suspension in the ADAMS platform. The validity of the kineto-dynamic model is also demonstrated through comparisons of its vibration transmission response with the experimental data. The model is used to identify optimal air spring coordinates to attain nearly constant natural frequency of the suspension, irrespective of the seated body mass and seated height. A methodology is further proposed to identify optimal damping requirements for vehicle-specific suspension designs to achieve minimal seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) and vibration dose value (VDV) considering vibration spectra of different classes of earthmoving vehicles. The shock and vibration isolation performance potentials of the optimal designs are evaluated under selected vehicle vibration superimposed with shock motions. Results show that the vehicle-specific optimal designs could provide substantial reductions in the SEAT and VDV values for the vehicle classes considered.

Design and analysis of a magnetorheological damper for train suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lau, Yiu-Kee; Liao, Wei-Hsin

2004-07-01

The development of high-speed railway vehicles has been a great interest of many countries because high-speed trains have been proven as an efficient and economical transportation means while minimizing air pollution. However, the high speed of the train would cause significant car body vibrations. Thus effective vibration control of the car body is needed to improve the ride comfort and safety of the railway vehicle. Various kinds of railway vehicle suspensions such as passive, active, and semi-active systems could be used to cushion passengers from vibrations. Among them, semi-active suspensions are believed to achieve high performance while maintaining system stable and fail-safe. In this paper, it is aimed to design a magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper, which is suitable for semi-active train suspension system in order to improve the ride quality. A double-ended MR damper is designed, fabricated, and tested. Then a model for the double-ended MR damper is integrated in the secondary suspension of a full-scale railway vehicle model. A semi-active on-off control strategy based on the absolute velocity measurement of the car body is adopted. The controlled performances are compared with other types of suspension systems. The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the semi-active train suspension system with the developed MR dampers.

Viscosity of a concentrated suspension of rigid monosized particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brouwers, H. J. H.

2010-05-01

This paper addresses the relative viscosity of concentrated suspensions loaded with unimodal hard particles. So far, exact equations have only been put forward in the dilute limit, e.g., by Einstein [A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 19, 289 (1906) (in German); Ann. Phys. 34, 591 (1911) (in German)] for spheres. For larger concentrations, a number of phenomenological models for the relative viscosity was presented, which depend on particle concentration only. Here, an original and exact closed form expression is derived based on geometrical considerations that predicts the viscosity of a concentrated suspension of monosized particles. This master curve for the suspension viscosity is governed by the relative viscosity-concentration gradient in the dilute limit (for spheres the Einstein limit) and by random close packing of the unimodal particles in the concentrated limit. The analytical expression of the relative viscosity is thoroughly compared with experiments and simulations reported in the literature, concerning both dilute and concentrated suspensions of spheres, and good agreement is found.

Modelling generalisation and power dissipation of flexible-wheel suspension concept for planetary surface vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Dongpu; Khajepour, Amir; Song, Xubin

2011-08-01

Flexible-wheel (FW) suspension concept has been regarded to be one of the novel technologies for future planetary surface vehicles (PSVs). This study develops generalised models for fundamental stiffness and damping properties and power consumption characteristics of the FW suspension with and without considering wheel-hub dimensions. Compliance rolling resistance (CRR) coefficient is also defined and derived for the FW suspension. Based on the generalised models and two dimensionless measures, suspension properties are analysed for two FW suspension configurations. The sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effects of the design parameters and operating conditions on the CRR and power consumption characteristic of the FW suspension. The modelling generalisation permits analyses of fundamental properties and power consumption characteristics of different FW suspension designs in a uniform and very convenient manner, which would serve as a theoretical foundation for the design of FW suspensions for future PSVs.

Effect of particle size of parenteral suspensions on in vitro muscle damage.

PubMed

Brazeau, Gayle; Sauberan, Shauna L; Gatlin, Larry; Wisniecki, Peter; Shah, Jaymin

2011-01-01

Suspension particle size plays a key role in the release and stability of drugs for oral and parenteral formulations. However, the role of particle size in suspension formulations on tissue damage (myotoxicity) following intramuscular (IM) injection has not been systematically investigated. Myotoxicity was assessed by the release of cumulative creatine kinase (CCK) from the isolated extensor digitorium longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) rat muscles for selected suspensions of phenytoin, bupivicane and diazepam. Particle size effects on myotoxicity, independent of any specific drug, were also investigated using characterized non-dissolving polystyrene beads. Myotoxicity was quantitated by the cumulative release of creatine kinase (CCK) from these isolated muscles over 90 or 120 min. The relationship between particle size and myotoxicity was dependent upon the drug in these suspensions. Diazepam and phenytoin suspensions were found to be less myotoxic than bupivicaine. Using unmodified and carboxy modified polystyrene beads, an optimal particle size for reduced myotoxicity following IM injection ranges from approx. 500 nm to 1 µM. The relationship between myotoxicity of IM suspensions and particle size is dependent upon the particular drug and suspension particle size.

Microfluidic rheology of active particle suspensions: Kinetic theory.

PubMed

Alonso-Matilla, Roberto; Ezhilan, Barath; Saintillan, David

2016-07-01

We analyze the effective rheology of a dilute suspension of self-propelled slender particles confined between two infinite parallel plates and subject to a pressure-driven flow. We use a continuum kinetic model to describe the configuration of the particles in the system, in which the disturbance flows induced by the swimmers are taken into account, and use it to calculate estimates of the suspension viscosity for a range of channel widths and flow strengths typical of microfluidic experiments. Our results are in agreement with previous bulk models, and in particular, demonstrate that the effect of activity is strongest at low flow rates, where pushers tend to decrease the suspension viscosity whereas pullers enhance it. In stronger flows, dissipative stresses overcome the effects of activity leading to increased viscosities followed by shear-thinning. The effects of confinement and number density are also analyzed, and our results confirm the apparent transition to superfluidity reported in recent experiments on pusher suspensions at intermediate densities. We also derive an approximate analytical expression for the effective viscosity in the limit of weak flows and wide channels, and demonstrate good agreement between theory and numerical calculations.

Limited Influence of Excipients in Extemporaneous Compounded Suspensions

PubMed Central

Dijkers, Eli; Nanhekhan, Valerie; Thorissen, Astrid; Marro, Diego; Uriel, Marta

2017-01-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify whether compounding oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF based on tablets or capsules is a suitable alternative for using raw pharmaceutical materials. Methods: Suspensions based on 5 different tablets and capsules were studied in SyrSpend SF. The summary of product characteristics of these different tablets and capsules were obtained from the manufacturer. Our hypothesis was that, if the maximum beyond-use date of the study was reached, the excipient did not seem to have an influence on the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the studied time frame. Results: All excipients used in flecainide acetate, labetalol HCl, and tiagabine HCl tablets as well as in celecoxib and oseltamivir capsules did not seem to influence the beyond-use date of the overall suspension based on SyrSpend SF. Conclusion: Although using raw materials as API sources is preferred, oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF prepared from crushed tablets or opened capsules could be a possible alternative. Based on this study, a wide range of different excipients does not seem to impact the beyond-use date of different APIs compounded in SyrSpend SF. PMID:29276267

Limited Influence of Excipients in Extemporaneous Compounded Suspensions.

PubMed

Dijkers, Eli; Nanhekhan, Valerie; Thorissen, Astrid; Marro, Diego; Uriel, Marta

2017-06-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify whether compounding oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF based on tablets or capsules is a suitable alternative for using raw pharmaceutical materials. Methods: Suspensions based on 5 different tablets and capsules were studied in SyrSpend SF. The summary of product characteristics of these different tablets and capsules were obtained from the manufacturer. Our hypothesis was that, if the maximum beyond-use date of the study was reached, the excipient did not seem to have an influence on the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the studied time frame. Results: All excipients used in flecainide acetate, labetalol HCl, and tiagabine HCl tablets as well as in celecoxib and oseltamivir capsules did not seem to influence the beyond-use date of the overall suspension based on SyrSpend SF. Conclusion: Although using raw materials as API sources is preferred, oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF prepared from crushed tablets or opened capsules could be a possible alternative. Based on this study, a wide range of different excipients does not seem to impact the beyond-use date of different APIs compounded in SyrSpend SF.

20 CFR 416.1327 - Suspension due to absence from the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Suspension due to absence from the United States. 416.1327 Section 416.1327 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Suspensions and Terminations § 416.1327 Suspension due to...

In-School Suspension Practices and the Prison Hospital Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiles, David K.; Rockoff, Edward

1977-01-01

Explores the legal implications of in-school suspension practices through consideration of individual versus institutional rights within a special punitive-rehabilitative setting. Argues that the prison hospital model is applicable to in-school suspension programs and discusses a number of legal questions raised by the prison hospital model.…

49 CFR 383.33 - Notification of driver's license suspensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Notification of driver's license suspensions. 383... Employer Responsibilities § 383.33 Notification of driver's license suspensions. Each employee who has a... operate a commercial motor vehicle in a State or jurisdiction for any period, or who is disqualified from...

19 CFR 159.37 - Suspension of certification of rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of certification of rates. 159.37...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) LIQUIDATION OF DUTIES Conversion of Foreign Currency § 159.37 Suspension of certification of rates. Whenever the Federal Reserve Bank of New York advises that its...

12 CFR 19.244 - Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. 19.244 Section 19.244 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES... Services § 19.244 Automatic removal, suspension, and debarment. (a) An independent public accountant or...

32 CFR 310.41 - Suspense for submission of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suspense for submission of reports. 310.41 Section 310.41 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Reports § 310.41 Suspense for submission of reports. The...

32 CFR 310.41 - Suspense for submission of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Suspense for submission of reports. 310.41 Section 310.41 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Reports § 310.41 Suspense for submission of reports. The...

32 CFR 310.41 - Suspense for submission of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspense for submission of reports. 310.41 Section 310.41 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Reports § 310.41 Suspense for submission of reports. The...

32 CFR 310.41 - Suspense for submission of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Suspense for submission of reports. 310.41 Section 310.41 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Reports § 310.41 Suspense for submission of reports. The...