Sample records for atlantic period ca
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Wiik-Nielsen, J; Gjessing, M; Solheim, H T; Litlabø, A; Gjevre, A-G; Kristoffersen, A B; Powell, M D; Colquhoun, D J
2017-10-01
Elucidation of the role of infectious agents putatively involved in gill disease is commonly hampered by the lack of culture systems for these organisms. In this study, a farmed population of Atlantic salmon pre-smolts, displaying proliferative gill disease with associated Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola, Ca. Piscichlamydia salmonis and Atlantic salmon gill pox virus (SGPV) infections, was identified. A subpopulation of the diseased fish was used as a source of waterborne infection towards a population of naïve Atlantic salmon pre-smolts. Ca. B. cysticola infection became established in exposed naïve fish at high prevalence within the first month of exposure and the bacterial load increased over the study period. Ca. P. salmonis and SGPV infections were identified only at low prevalence in exposed fish during the trial. Although clinically healthy, at termination of the trial the exposed, naïve fish displayed histologically visible pathological changes typified by epithelial hyperplasia and subepithelial inflammation with associated bacterial inclusions, confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization to contain Ca. B. cysticola. The results strongly suggest that Ca. B. cysticola infections transmit directly from fish to fish and that the bacterium is directly associated with the pathological changes observed in the exposed, previously naïve fish. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Why Do Organisms in the Atlantic Ocean Produce So Much CaCO3?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Toggweiler, J. R.
2010-12-01
Sediments in the Atlantic are richer in CaCO3 than sediments in the other oceans. Sediment trap observations show that sinking particles in the Atlantic also tend to have more CaCO3 in relation to organic carbon than sinking particles elsewhere. The reason for the extra production of CaCO3 has never been very clear. The Atlantic is unusual because it receives much more than its share of the global input of river water. River water adds alkalinity to the surface ocean while the production of CaCO3 takes it away. In this presentation a new tracer, called Alk*, is derived from the surface alkalinity distribution to highlight the impact of river inputs and the production of CaCO3. If the production of CaCO3 were evenly distributed across the ocean one would expect the Atlantic to have a higher level of Alk* becaused of its river inputs. We find instead that Alk* is lower in the middle of the Atlantic than almost any place else. This, of course, is consistent with the fact that organisms in the Atlantic produce a lot of CaCO3. Comparison with other areas with especially low values of Alk* (Red Sea and northern Arabian Sea) shows that the production of CaCO3 is highly correlated across the ocean with the surface salinity. Hence, we argue that organisms in the Atlantic produce a lot of CaCO3 simply because the Atlantic is so salty. Salty waters, by definition, have more CO3= ions, which increase the supersaturation with respect to calcite and aragonite. This finding, while extremely simple, has major implifications for the impact of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wurtzel, J. B.; Black, D. E.; Rahman, S.; Thunell, R.; Peterson, L. C.; Tappa, E.
2010-12-01
Instrumental and proxy-reconstructions show the existence of an approximately 70-year periodicity in Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The AMO is correlated with circum-tropical Atlantic climate phenomena such as Sahel and Nordeste rainfall, and Atlantic hurricane patterns. Though it has been suggested that the AMO is controlled by thermohaline circulation, much debate exists as to whether the SST fluctuations are a result of anthropogenic forcing or a natural climate mode, or even if the AMO is a true oscillation at all. Our ability to address this issue has been limited by instrumental SST records that rarely extend back more than 50-100 years and proxy reconstructions that are mostly terrestrial-based. Additionally, the modern instrumental variability likely contains an anthropogenic component that is not easily distinguished from the natural background of the system. From a marine sediment core taken in the Cariaco Basin, we have developed a high-resolution SST reconstruction for the past ca. 1500 years using Mg/Ca paleothermometry on seasonally-representative foraminifera, with the most recent data calibrated to the instrumental record. Previous studies have shown Cariaco Basin Mg/Ca-SSTs to be well-correlated to the Caribbean Sea and much of the western tropical Atlantic, which allows us to create a record that can be used to determine pre-anthropogenic rates and ranges of SST variability and observe how they change over time. Averaging the seasonal temperatures derived from the two foraminiferal species over the instrumental period yields a strong correlation to the AMO index from A. D. 1880 through 1970 (r = 0.44, p<0.0001). Wavelet analysis of the proxy average annual SST data indicates that modern AMO variability is not a consistent feature through time, and may be a function of warm-period climate.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tisserand, A.; Dokken, T.; Scao, V.; Jorissen, F.; Fontanier, C.
2009-04-01
A cruise with the research vessel G.O. SARS was carried out from 07 to 20 December 2007 within the framework of the European Science Foundation (EuroMARC) project RETRO, which aims to reconstruct changes within the thermocline in the tropics during periods of reduced Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). As part of this strategy we need a best possible calibration of methods to reproduce water mass properties, and part of the goal of this cruise was to get a good representation of the thermocline area present at the Brazilian Atlantic margin. The method used to map the thermocline gradient in the western tropical Atlantic is to use the concept of Magnesium/Calcium (Mg/Ca) on bottom water living foraminifera as a representation of temperature at site. The Mg/Ca thermometry on deep-dwelling foraminifera calibrated vs. δ18O measurements provides an estimate of depth of thermocline penetration in modern climate. Knowing the function of modern representation of the thermocline defined by Mg/Ca, we can use this concept to map thermocline deepening/shallowing in the past. The Mg/Ca ratios in benthic foraminiferal calcite are considered as the most commonly used and a reliable paleo-proxy for reconstructing bottom-water temperatures. Mg/Ca ratios of thermocline and deep-dwelling benthic foraminiferal species were determined on cores-top samples from a depth transect from the western tropical Atlantic, spanning a depth range of 600 to 1000 m representing a temperature range of 6 to 4
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rosenthal, Y.; Sosdian, S. M.; Toggweiler, J. R.
2017-12-01
Most hypotheses to explain glacial-interglacial changes in atmospheric CO2 invoke shifts in ocean alkalinity explain roughly half the reduction in glacial CO2 via CaCO3 compensatory mechanism. It follows that changes in CaCO3 burial occur in response to an increase in deep ocean respired carbon content. To date our understanding of this process comes from benthic carbon isotope and %CaCO3 records. However, to understand the nature of the ocean's buffering capacity and its role in modulating pCO2, orbitally resolved reconstructions of the deep ocean carbonate system parameters are necessary. Here we present a 1.5 Myr orbitally resolved deep ocean calcite saturation record (ΔCO32-) derived from benthic foraminiferal B/Ca ratios in the North Atlantic. Glacial B/Ca values decline across the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) suggesting increased sequestration of carbon in the deep Atlantic. The magnitude, timing, and structure of deep Atlantic Ocean ΔCO32- and %CaCO3 cycles contrast with the small amplitude, anti-phased swings in IndoPacific ΔCO32- and %CaCO3 during the mid-to-late Pleistocene. Increasing corrosivity of the deep Atlantic causes the locus of CaCO3 burial to shift into the equatorial Pacific where the flux of CaCO3 to the seafloor is high enough to establish and maintain a new "hot spot". We propose that the CO32- in the deep IndoPacific rises in response to the same mechanism that keeps the CO32- in the deep Atlantic low and the atmospheric CO2 low. The increase in interglacial atmospheric pCO2 levels following the Mid-Brunhes event ( 400ka) are associated with increased G/IG ΔCO3 amplitude, expressed by a decrease in the glacial ΔCO32- values. We propose the low persistent ΔCO32- levels at Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12 set the stage for the high pCO2 levels at MIS 11 via an increase in whole ocean alkalinity followed by enhanced CaCO3 preservation. Based on this, we suggest that the development of classic (`anticorrelated') CaCO3 patterns was
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Stellar rotation periods determined from simultaneously measured Ca II H&K and Ca II IRT lines
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mittag, M.; Hempelmann, A.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Fuhrmeister, B.; González-Pérez, J. N.; Schröder, K.-P.
2017-11-01
Aims: Previous studies have shown that, for late-type stars, activity indicators derived from the Ca II infrared-triplet (IRT) lines are correlated with the indicators derived from the Ca II H&K lines. Therefore, the Ca II IRT lines are in principle usable for activity studies, but they may be less sensitive when measuring the rotation period. Our goal is to determine whether the Ca II IRT lines are sufficiently sensitive to measure rotation periods and how any Ca II IRT derived rotation periods compare with periods derived from the "classical" Mount Wilson S-index. Methods: To analyse the Ca II IRT lines' sensitivity and to measure rotation periods, we define an activity index for each of the Ca II IRT lines similar to the Mount Wilson S-index and perform a period analysis for the lines separately and jointly. Results: For eleven late-type stars we can measure the rotation periods using the Ca II IRT indices similar to those found in the Mount Wilson S-index time series and find that a period derived from all four indices gives the most probable rotation period; we find good agreement for stars with already existing literature values. In a few cases the computed periodograms show a complicated structure with multiple peaks, meaning that formally different periods are derived in different indices. We show that in one case, this is due to data sampling effects and argue that denser cadence sampling is necessary to provide credible evidence for differential rotation. However, our TIGRE data for HD 101501 shows good evidence for the presence of differential rotation.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Black, D. E.; Abahazi, M. A.; Thunell, R. C.; Tappa, E. J.
2005-12-01
Most geochemical paleoclimate proxies are calibrated to different climate variables using laboratory culture, surface sediment, or sediment trap experiments. The varved, high-deposition rate sediments of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) provide the nearly unique opportunity to compare and calibrate paleoceanographic proxy data directly against true oceanic historical instrumental climate records. Here we present one of the first sediment-derived foraminiferal-Mg/Ca to SST calibrations spanning A. D. 1870-1990. The record of Mg/Ca-estimated tropical North Atlantic SSTs is then extended back to approximately A. D. 1200. Box core PL07-73 BC, recovered from the northeastern slope of Cariaco Basin, was sampled at consecutive 1 mm increments and processed for foraminiferal population, stable isotope, and Mg/Ca (by ICP-AES) analyses. The age model for this core was established by correlating faunal population records from PL07-73 to a nearby very well-dated Cariaco Basin box core, PL07-71 BC. The resulting age model yields consecutive sample intervals of one to two years. Mg/Ca ratios measured on Globigerina bulloides in samples deposited between A. D. 1870 and 1990 were calibrated to monthly SSTs from the Met Office Hadley Centre's SST data set for the Cariaco Basin grid square. Annual correlations between G. bulloides Mg/Ca and instrumental SST were highest (r=0.6, p<.0001, n=120) for the months of March, April, and May, the time when sediment trap studies indicate G. bulloides is most abundant in the basin. The full-length Mg/Ca-estimated SST record is characterized by decadal- and centennial-scale variability. The tropical western North Atlantic does not appear to have experienced a pronounced Medieval Warm Period relative to the complete record. However, strong Little Ice Age cooling of as much as 3 ° C occurred between A. D. 1525 and 1625. Spring SSTs gradually rose between A. D. 1650 and 1900 followed by a 2.5 ° C warming over the 20th century.
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Cronin, T. M.; Dwyer, G.S.; Baker, P.A.; Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.; DeMartino, D.M.
2000-01-01
Magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios were measured in the deep-sea ostracod (Crustacea) genus Krithe from Chain core 82-24-4PC from the western mid-Atlantic Ridge (3427 m) in order to estimate ocean circulation and bottom water temperature (BWT) variability over the past 200,000 years. Mg/Ca ratios have been used as a paleothermometer because the ratios are controlled primarily by ambient water temperatures at the time the organism secretes its adult carapace. Over the past two glacial–interglacial cycles, Mg/Ca values oscillated between about 7 mmol/mol and 12 mmol/mol, equivalent to a BWT range of 0 to >3.5°C. The lowest values were obtained on specimens from glacial marine isotope stages (MISs) 2, 4 and 6; the highest values were obtained from specimens from the early part of the Holocene interglacial (MIS 1), and also from MISs 5 and 7. These trends suggest that BWTs in the North Atlantic Ocean fluctuate over orbital time scales.Suborbital variability in Mg/Ca ratios and BWT was also observed for the past 100,000 years. Ratios rose from ∼8 mmol/mol to ∼10 mmol/mol (implying a BWT increase of ∼1 to 3°C) during 14 Mg/Ca excursions. The highest ratios were found in Krithe dated at approximately 32, 36–38, 43, 48, 73, 85 and 93 ka. Although the age model for the Chain 82-24-4PC and temporal resolution do not allow precise correlation, some of these deep-sea bottom temperature excursions appear to correspond to Heinrich events recorded in other regions of the North Atlantic and perhaps Dansgaard–Oeschger interstadial events recorded in Greenland ice cores. If confirmed, this would support the hypothesis that millennial-scale oscillations of climate in the North Atlantic are capable of affecting global climate via thermohaline circulation changes.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Black, D. E.; Rahman, S.; Wurtzel, J.; Thunell, R.; Mauer, B.; Tappa, E. J.
2009-12-01
The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela is well-positioned to record a detailed history of surface ocean changes along the southern margin of the Caribbean and the tropical Atlantic. Varved, high deposition rate sediments deposited under anoxic conditions and an abundance of well-preserved microfossils result in one of the few marine records capable of preserving evidence of interannual- to decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical Atlantic. Boreal winter/spring sea surface temperatures (SST) spanning the last eight centuries have previously been reconstructed using Mg/Ca measurements on the planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides. Here we present the complementary record using Globigerinoides ruber (pink), a summer/fall indicator. Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca values are generally greater than those of G. bulloides from the same sample, reflecting warmer calcification temperatures. Both species’ records display similar long-term trends, yet there are some distinctive differences. The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) as distinctly separate climate events are more apparent in the G. ruber record than that of G. bulloides. Additionally, greater variability in the G. ruber data may indicate a stronger than expected bias from productivity during the local upwelling season. As G. bulloides and pink G. ruber are thought to be winter/spring and summer/fall SST indicators, respectively (albeit with the potential upwelling season bias), the intersample differences between the two records can potentially be interpreted as a record of seasonality. Our seasonality reconstruction shows a distinctive oscillation of 4 °C with a period of approximately 200 years. The proxy seasonality is slightly less than what has been instrumentally measured (5 to 6 °C) over the last 15 years, and does not appear related to or affected by the MWP or LIA events.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Montoya, M.; Banderas, R.; Alvarez-Solas, J.; Robinson, A.
2017-12-01
Heinrich events (HEs) are episodes of increased ice-rafted debris (IRD) deposition in the North Atlantic Ocean that took place during stadials of the last glacial period, and are interpreted as massive iceberg discharges from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). IRD originating from the Fennoscandian ice sheet (FIS) accompany HEs during stadials, but enhanced calving has also been reported, however, during interstadials. While a number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain HEs involving the LIS, the role of the FIS during these events has not received much attention from a modeling perspective. Thus, a consistent explanation for the asynchronous occurrence of enhanced IRD throughout the North Atlantic is lacking. Here we investigate the response of the FIS to millennial-scale climate variability during the last glacial period. We use a hybrid three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet model forced offline through a novel perturbative approach accounting for a more realistic treatment of millennial-scale climatic variability, including both the atmospheric and the oceanic components. Our results show that the FIS responds with enhanced iceberg discharges in phase with interstadial warmings in the North Atlantic. Separating the atmospheric and oceanic effects demonstrates the major role of the ocean in controlling the dynamics of the FIS on millennial timescales. While the atmospheric forcing alone is only able to produce modest iceberg discharges (< 0.02 Sv), the warmer oceanic surface waters lead to much higher rates of iceberg surges (ca. 0.1 Sv) as a result of relatively high basal melting rates within the margins of the ice sheet through the reactivation of ice streams in the northeastern (NE) part of the ice sheet. Together with previous work our results provide a consistent explanation for the asynchronous response of the LIS and the FIS to glacial abrupt climate changes. Finally, they support the notion that the FIS is a likely candidate to produce iceberg
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Evangelista, H.; Sifeddine, A.; Corrège, T.; Servain, J.; Dassié, E. P.; Logato, R.; Cordeiro, R. C.; Shen, C.-C.; Le Cornec, F.; Nogueira, J.; Segal, B.; Castagna, A.; Turcq, B.
2018-03-01
Although relatively rare compared to similar latitudes in the Pacific or Indian Oceans, massive coral colonies are present in the Tropical/Equatorial Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. However, detailed geochemical compositions of these corals are still largely unknown. In this work, we present growth rates, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca ratios of the coral colony (Siderastrea stellata) sampled at Rocas Atoll, off the Brazilian coast. These variables are primarily affected by sea surface temperature (SST) at seasonal scale, and by wind stress at interannual scale, these results represent a broad new finding. A lower significance at the interannual time scale between Sr/Ca and U/Ca with respect to SST is attributed to the low SST amplitude closed to Equator. An investigation on the dependence of coral growth rates with respect to the "cloud shading effect" promoted by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) does not show significant influence. Additionally, rain seems to act on local geochemistry of Sr/Ca ratios and growth rate at the decadal scale.
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Tropical-Subpolar Linkages in the North Atlantic during the last Glacial Period
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vautravers, M. J.; Hodell, D. A.
2010-12-01
We studied millennial-scale changes in planktonic foraminifera assemblages from the last glacial period in a high-resolution core (KN166-14-JPC13) recovered from the southern part of the Gardar Drift in the subpolar North Atlantic. Similar to recent findings reported by Jonkers et al. (2010), we also found that the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean experienced some seasonal warming during each of the Heinrich Events (HEs). In addition, increasing abundances of tropical species are found just prior to the IRD event marking the end of each Bond cycle, suggesting that summer warming may have been involved in triggering Heinrich events. We suggest that tropical-subtropical water transported via the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift may have triggered the collapse of large NH ice-shelves. Sharp decreases in polar species are tied to abrupt warming following Heinrich Events as documented in Greenland Ice cores and other marine records in the North Atlantic. The record bears a strong resemblance to the tropical record of Cariaco basin (Peterson et al., 2000), suggesting strong tropical-subpolar linkages in the glacial North Atlantic. Enhanced spring productivity, possibly related to eddy activity along the Subpolar Front, is recorded by increased shell size, high δ13C in G. bulloides and other biological indices early during the transition from HE stadials to the following interstadial.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bernstein, W. N.; Hughen, K. A.
2009-12-01
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most pronounced and influential patterns in winter atmospheric circulation variability. This meridional redistribution of atmospheric mass across the Atlantic Ocean produces large changes in the intensity, number and direction of storms generated within the basin, and the regional climate of surrounding continents. The NAO exerts a significant impact on society, through influences on agriculture, fisheries, water management, energy generation and coastal development. NAO effects on climate extend from eastern North America across Europe to the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Changes in NAO behavior during the late 20th century have been linked to global warming; yet despite its importance, the causes and long-term patterns of NAO variability in the past remain poorly understood. In order to better predict the influence of the NAO on climate in the future, it is critical to examine multi-century NAO variability. The Red Sea is an excellent location from which to generate long NAO records for two reasons. First, patterns of wintertime sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) in the Red Sea are highly correlated with NAO variability (Visbeck et al. 2001; Hurrell et al. 2003). Second, the tropical/subtropical Red Sea region contains fast growing long-lived massive Porites spp. corals with annually banded skeletons. These corals are ideal for generating well-dated high-resolution paleoclimatic records that extend well beyond the instrumental period. Here we present a study of winter SST and NAO variability in the Red sea region based on coral Sr/Ca data. In 2008, we collected multiple drill cores ranging in length from 1 to 4.1 meters from Porites corals at six sites spanning a large SST gradient. Sr/Ca measurements from multiple corals will be regressed against 23 years of satellite SST data, expanding the SST range over which we calibrate. A sampling resolution of 0.5mm will yield greater than bi
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dermody, B. J.; de Boer, H. J.; Bierkens, M. F. P.; Weber, S. L.; Wassen, M. J.; Dekker, S. C.
2012-03-01
We present a reconstruction of the change in climatic humidity around the Mediterranean between 3000-1000 yr BP. Using a range of proxy archives and model simulations we demonstrate that climate during this period was typified by a millennial-scale seesaw in climatic humidity between Spain and Israel on one side and the Central Mediterranean and Turkey on the other, similar to precipitation anomalies associated with the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern in current climate. We find that changes in the position and intensity of the jet stream indicated by our analysis correlate with millennial changes in North Atlantic sea surface temperature. A model simulation indicates the proxies of climatic humidity used in our analysis were unlikely to be influenced by climatic aridification caused by deforestation during the Roman Period. That finding is supported by an analysis of the distribution of archaeological sites in the Eastern Mediterranean which exhibits no evidence that human habitation distribution changed since ancient times as a result of climatic aridification. Therefore we conclude that changes in climatic humidity over the Mediterranean during the Roman Period were primarily caused by a modification of the jet stream linked to sea surface temperature change in the North Atlantic. Based on our findings, we propose that ocean-atmosphere coupling may have contributed to regulating Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation intensity during the period of analysis.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dubois-Dauphin, Quentin; Bonneau, Lucile; Colin, Christophe; Montero-Serrano, Jean-Carlos; Montagna, Paolo; Blamart, Dominique; Hebbeln, Dierk; Van Rooij, David; Pons-Branchu, Edwige; Hemsing, Freya; Wefing, Anne-Marie; Frank, Norbert
2016-06-01
The Nd isotopic composition (ɛNd) of seawater and cold-water coral (CWC) samples from the Gulf of Cádiz and the Alboran Sea, at a depth of 280-827 m were investigated in order to constrain middepth water mass dynamics within the Gulf of Cádiz over the past 40 ka. ɛNd of glacial and Holocene CWC from the Alboran Sea and the northern Gulf of Cádiz reveals relatively constant values (-8.6 to -9.0 and -9.5 to -10.4, respectively). Such values are similar to those of the surrounding present-day middepth waters from the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW; ɛNd ˜ -9.4) and Mediterranean Sea Water (MSW; ɛNd ˜ -9.9). In contrast, glacial ɛNd values for CWC collected at thermocline depth (550-827 m) in the southern Gulf of Cádiz display a higher average value (-8.9 ± 0.4) compared to the present-day value (-11.7 ± 0.3). This implies a higher relative contribution of water masses of Mediterranean (MSW) or South Atlantic origin (East Antarctic Intermediate Water, EAAIW). Our study has produced the first evidence of significant radiogenic ɛNd values (˜ -8) at 19, 23-24, and 27 ka, which are coeval with increasing iceberg discharges and a weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Since MOW ɛNd values remained stable during the last glacial period, it is suggested that these radiogenic ɛNd values most likely reflect an enhanced northward propagation of glacial EAAIW into the eastern Atlantic Basin.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Black, D. E.; Thunell, R. C.; Kaplan, A.; Abahazi, M. A.; Tappa, E. J.
2007-05-01
Here we present an eight century tropical Atlantic SST record based on foraminiferal Mg/Ca recovered from Cariaco Basin sediments that have been calibrated to historical instrumental SSTs. Spatial correlations indicate that the proxy record is representative of SSTs over much of the Caribbean and tropical Atlantic. The Mg/Ca-SST record also correlates well with global land and sea surface temperature anomalies, and captures decadal-scale variations in Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane frequency over the late-19th and 20th centuries. The long-term record displays a surprising amount of variability for a tropical location under essentially modern boundary conditions. The tropical North Atlantic does not appear to have experienced a pronounced Medieval Warm Period relative to the complete record. However, strong Little Ice Age cooling of as much as 3 °C occurred between A. D. 1525 and 1625. Spring SSTs gradually rose between A. D. 1650 and 1900 followed by a 2.5 °C warming over the twentieth century. Viewed in the context of the complete record, twentieth century temperatures are not the warmest in the entire record on average, but they do show the largest increase in magnitude and fastest rate of SST change over the last eight hundred years. Spectral analysis of the Mg/Ca-SST data suggests that 2-5 and ~13 year SST variability that is characteristic of tropical Atlantic instrumental records may change through time.
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Rapid subtropical North Atlantic salinity oscillations across Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles.
Schmidt, Matthew W; Vautravers, Maryline J; Spero, Howard J
2006-10-05
Geochemical and sedimentological evidence suggest that the rapid climate warming oscillations of the last ice age, the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, were coupled to fluctuations in North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation through its regulation of poleward heat flux. The balance between cold meltwater from the north and warm, salty subtropical gyre waters from the south influenced the strength and location of North Atlantic overturning circulation during this period of highly variable climate. Here we investigate how rapid reorganizations of the ocean-atmosphere system across these cycles are linked to salinity changes in the subtropical North Atlantic gyre. We combine Mg/Ca palaeothermometry and oxygen isotope ratio measurements on planktonic foraminifera across four Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles (spanning 45.9-59.2 kyr ago) to generate a seawater salinity proxy record from a subtropical gyre deep-sea sediment core. We show that North Atlantic gyre surface salinities oscillated rapidly between saltier stadial conditions and fresher interstadials, covarying with inferred shifts in the Tropical Atlantic hydrologic cycle and North Atlantic overturning circulation. These salinity oscillations suggest a reduction in precipitation into the North Atlantic and/or reduced export of deep salty thermohaline waters during stadials. We hypothesize that increased stadial salinities preconditioned the North Atlantic Ocean for a rapid return to deep overturning circulation and high-latitude warming by contributing to increased North Atlantic surface-water density on interstadial transitions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hernández-Almeida, I.; Sierro, F.-J.; Cacho, I.; Flores, J.-A.
2014-10-01
Subsurface water column dynamics in the subpolar North Atlantic were reconstructed in order to improve the understanding of the cause of abrupt IRD events during cold periods of the Early Pleistocene. We used Mg / Ca-based temperatures of deep-dwelling (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral) planktonic foraminifera and paired Mg / Ca-δ18O measurements to estimate the subsurface temperatures and δ18O of seawater at Site U1314. Carbon isotopes on benthic and planktonic foraminifera from the same site provide information about the ventilation and water column nutrient gradient. Mg / Ca-based temperatures and δ18O of seawater suggest increased temperatures and salinities during ice-rafting, likely due to enhanced northward subsurface transport of subtropical waters during periods of AMOC reduction. Planktonic carbon isotopes support this suggestion, showing coincident increased subsurface ventilation during deposition of ice-rafted detritus (IRD). Warm waters accumulated at subsurface would result in basal warming and break-up of ice-shelves, leading to massive iceberg discharges in the North Atlantic. Release of heat and salt stored at subsurface would help to restart the AMOC. This mechanism is in agreement with modelling and proxy studies that observe a subsurface warming in the North Atlantic in response to AMOC slowdown during the MIS3.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hernández-Almeida, I.; Sierro, F.-J.; Cacho, I.; Flores, J.-A.
2015-04-01
Subsurface water column dynamics in the subpolar North Atlantic were reconstructed in order to improve the understanding of the cause of abrupt ice-rafted detritus (IRD) events during cold periods of the early Pleistocene. We used paired Mg / Ca and δ18O measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral - sin.), deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera, to estimate the subsurface temperatures and seawater δ18O from a sediment core from Gardar Drift, in the subpolar North Atlantic. Carbon isotopes of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from the same site provide information about the ventilation and water column nutrient gradient. Mg / Ca-based temperatures and seawater δ18O suggest increased subsurface temperatures and salinities during ice-rafting, likely due to northward subsurface transport of subtropical waters during periods of weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Planktonic carbon isotopes support this suggestion, showing coincident increased subsurface ventilation during deposition of IRD. Subsurface accumulation of warm waters would have resulted in basal warming and break-up of ice-shelves, leading to massive iceberg discharges in the North Atlantic. The release of heat stored at the subsurface to the atmosphere would have helped to restart the AMOC. This mechanism is in agreement with modelling and proxy studies that observe a subsurface warming in the North Atlantic in response to AMOC slowdown during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3.
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Last interglacial temperature seasonality reconstructed from tropical Atlantic corals
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Brocas, William M.; Felis, Thomas; Obert, J. Christina; Gierz, Paul; Lohmann, Gerrit; Scholz, Denis; Kölling, Martin; Scheffers, Sander R.
2016-09-01
Reconstructions of last interglacial (LIG, MIS 5e, ∼127-117 ka) climate offer insights into the natural response and variability of the climate system during a period partially analogous to future climate change scenarios. We present well preserved fossil corals (Diploria strigosa) recovered from the southern Caribbean island of Bonaire (Caribbean Netherlands). These have been precisely dated by the 230Th/U-method to between 130 and 120 ka ago. Annual banding of the coral skeleton enabled construction of time windows of monthly resolved strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) temperature proxy records. In conjunction with a previously published 118 ka coral record, our eight records of up to 37 years in length, cover a total of 105 years within the LIG period. From these, sea surface temperature (SST) seasonality and variability in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean is reconstructed. We detect similar to modern SST seasonality of ∼2.9 °C during the early (130 ka) and the late LIG (120-118 ka). However, within the mid-LIG, a significantly higher than modern SST seasonality of 4.9 °C (at 126 ka) and 4.1 °C (at 124 ka) is observed. These findings are supported by climate model simulations and are consistent with the evolving amplitude of orbitally induced changes in seasonality of insolation throughout the LIG, irrespective of wider climatic instabilities that characterised this period. The climate model simulations suggest that the SST seasonality changes documented in our LIG coral Sr/Ca records are representative of larger regions within the tropical North Atlantic. These simulations also suggest that the reconstructed SST seasonality increase during the mid-LIG is caused primarily by summer warming. A 124 ka old coral documents, for the first time, evidence of decadal SST variability in the tropical North Atlantic during the LIG, akin to that observed in modern instrumental records.
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Liang, Wenwei; Li, Zeng; Wang, Zhen; Zhou, Jinchun; Song, Huanghe; Xu, Shun; Cui, Weiding; Wang, Qing; Chen, Zhefeng; Liu, Feng; Fan, Weimin
2017-01-01
Periodic mechanical stress can promote chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis to improve the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage. Although the integrin β1-ERK1/2 signal cascade has been implicated in periodic mechanical stress-induced mitogenic effects in chondrocytes, the precise mechanisms have not been fully established. The current study was designed to probe the roles of CaMKII and Pyk2 signaling in periodic mechanical stress-mediated chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis. Chondrocytes were subjected to periodic mechanical stress, proliferation was assessed by direct cell counting and CCK-8 assay; gene expressions were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, protein abundance by Western blotting. Mechanical stress, markedly enhanced the phosphorylation levels of Pyk2 at Tyr402 and CaMKII at Thr286. Both suppression of Pyk2 with Pyk2 inhibitor PF431396 or Pyk2 shRNA and suppression of CaMKII with CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 or CaMKII shRNA blocked periodic mechanical stress-induced chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis. Additionally, either pretreatment with KN-93 or shRNA targeted to CaMKII prevented the activation of ERK1/2 and Pyk2 under conditions of periodic mechanical stress. Interestingly, in relation to periodic mechanical stress, in the context of Pyk2 inhibition with PF431396 or its targeted shRNA, only the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 were abrogated, while CaMKII signal activation was not affected. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of CaMKII- Thr286 and Pyk2- Tyr402 were abolished after pretreatment with blocking antibody against integrinβ1 exposed to periodic mechanical stress. Our results collectively indicate that periodic mechanical stress promotes chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis through the integrinβ1-CaMKII-Pyk2-ERK1/2 signaling cascade. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Roberts, Kelsey E.; Flannery, Jennifer A.; Morrison, Jennifer M.; Richey, Julie N.
2017-01-01
Massive corals provide a useful archive of environmental variability, but careful testing of geochemical proxies in corals is necessary to validate the relationship between each proxy and environmental parameter throughout the full range of conditions experienced by the recording organisms. Here we use samples from a coral-growth study to test the hypothesis that Sr/Ca in the coral Siderastrea siderea accurately records sea-surface temperature (SST) in the subtropics (Florida, USA) along 350 km of reef tract. We test calcification rate, measured via buoyant weight, and linear extension (LE) rate, estimated with Alizarin Red-S staining, as predictors of variance in the Sr/Ca records of 39 individual S. siderea corals grown at four outer-reef locations next to in-situ temperature loggers during two, year-long periods. We found that corals with calcification rates < 1.7 mg cm-2 d-1 or < 1.7 mm yr-1 LE returned spuriously high Sr/Ca values, leading to a cold-bias in Sr/Ca-based SST estimates. The threshold-type response curves suggest that extension rate can be used as a quality-control indicator during sample and drill-path selection when using long cores for SST paleoreconstruction. For our corals that passed this quality control step, the Sr/Ca-SST proxy performed well in estimating mean annual temperature across three sites spanning 350 km of the Florida reef tract. However, there was some evidence that extreme temperature stress in 2010 (cold snap) and 2011 (SST above coral-bleaching threshold) may have caused the corals not to record the temperature extremes. Known stress events could be avoided during modern calibrations of paleoproxies.
Plain Language SummaryCoral skeletons are used to decipher past environmental conditions in the ocean because they live for centuries and produce annual growth bands much like tree rings. Along with measuring coral growth rates in the past, coral skeletons can be chemically sampled to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3335062','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3335062"><span>Rhodolith Beds Are Major <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 Bio-Factories in the Tropical South West <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.; Moura, Rodrigo L.; Bastos, Alex C.; Salgado, Leonardo T.; Sumida, Paulo Y.; Guth, Arthur Z.; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.; Pereira-Filho, Guilherme H.; Abrantes, Douglas P.; Brasileiro, Poliana S.; Bahia, Ricardo G.; Leal, Rachel N.; Kaufman, Les; Kleypas, Joanie A.; Farina, Marcos; Thompson, Fabiano L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Rhodoliths are nodules of non-geniculate coralline algae that occur in shallow waters (<150 m depth) subjected to episodic disturbance. Rhodolith beds stand with kelp beds, seagrass meadows, and coralline algal reefs as one of the world's four largest macrophyte-dominated benthic communities. Geographic distribution of rhodolith beds is discontinuous, with large concentrations off Japan, Australia and the Gulf of California, as well as in the Mediterranean, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, eastern Caribbean and Brazil. Although there are major gaps in terms of seabed habitat mapping, the largest rhodolith beds are purported to occur off Brazil, where these communities are recorded across a wide latitudinal range (2°N - 27°S). To quantify their extent, we carried out an inter-reefal seabed habitat survey on the Abrolhos Shelf (16°50′ - 19°45′S) off eastern Brazil, and confirmed the most expansive and contiguous rhodolith bed in the world, covering about 20,900 km2. Distribution, extent, composition and structure of this bed were assessed with side scan sonar, remotely operated vehicles, and SCUBA. The mean rate of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 production was estimated from in situ growth assays at 1.07 kg m−2 yr−1, with a total production rate of 0.025 Gt yr−1, comparable to those of the world's largest biogenic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 deposits. These gigantic rhodolith beds, of areal extent equivalent to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, are a critical, yet poorly understood component of the tropical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Based on the relatively high vulnerability of coralline algae to ocean acidification, these beds are likely to experience a profound restructuring in the coming decades. PMID:22536356</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70048407','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70048407"><span>Diel variation in summer habitat use, feeding <span class="hlt">periodicity</span>, and diet of subyearling <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon in the Salmon River Basin, New York</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Johnson, James H.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The habitat use, diet composition, and feeding <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> of subyearling <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar) was examined during both day and night <span class="hlt">periods</span> during summer in tributaries of Lake Ontario. The amount of cover used was the major habitat variable that differed between day and night <span class="hlt">periods</span> in both streams. At night subyearling <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon were associated with significantly less cover than during the day. Principal Component Analysis showed that habitat selection of subyearling <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon was more pronounced during the day in both streams and that salmon in Orwell Brook exhibited more diel variability in habitat use than salmon in Trout Brook. Subyearling salmon fed primarily from the benthic substrate on baetids, chironomids, and leptocerids. There was a substantial amount of diel variation in diet composition with peak feeding occurring from 0400 h to 0800 h on July 21–22, 2008.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP34B..05G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP34B..05G"><span>Meridional Transect of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Overturning Circulation across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goldstein, S. L.; Pena, L. D.; Seguí, M. J.; Kim, J.; Yehudai, M.; Farmer, J. R.; Ford, H. L.; Haynes, L.; Hoenisch, B.; Raymo, M. E.; Ferretti, P.; Bickert, T.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) marked a major transition in glacial-interglacial <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> from dominantly 41 kyr to 100 kyr cycles between 1.3-0.7 Ma. From Nd isotope records in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Pena and Goldstein (Science, 2014) concluded that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning circulation circulation experienced major weakening between 950-850 ka (MIS 25-21), which generated the climatic conditions that intensified cold <span class="hlt">periods</span>, prolonged their duration, and stabilized 100 kyr cycles. Such weakening would provide a mechanism for decreased atmospheric CO2 (Hönisch et al., Science, 2009) by allowing for additional atmospheric CO2 to be stored in the deep ocean. We present a summary of work in-progress to generate two dimensional representations of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation, from the north <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> to the Southern Ocean, at different time slices over the past 2Ma, including the MPT, based on Nd isotope ratios measured on Fe-Mn-oxide encrusted foraminifera and fish debris. Thus far we are analyzing samples from DSDP/ODP Sites 607, 1063 from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, 926 from the Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, 1264, 1267, 1088, 1090 in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and 1094 from the Southern Ocean. Our data generated thus far support important changes in the overturning circulation during the MPT, and greater glacial-interglacial variability in the 100 kyr world compared with the 40 kyr world. In addition, the data indicate a North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-sourced origin for the ocean circulation disruption during the MPT. Comparison with ɛNd records in different ocean basins and with benthic foraminiferal δ13C and B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios will also allow us to understand the links between deep ocean circulation changes and the global carbon cycle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70073401','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70073401"><span>Changes in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep-sea temperature during climatic fluctuations of the last 25,000 years based on ostracode Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dwyer, Gary S.; Cronin, Thomas M.; Baker, Paul A.; Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>We reconstructed three time series of last glacial-to-present deep-sea temperature from deep and intermediate water sediment cores from the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> using Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios of benthic ostracode shells. Although the Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data show considerable variability (“scatter”) that is common to single-shell chemical analyses, comparisons between cores, between core top shells and modern bottom water temperatures (BWT), and comparison to other paleo-BWT proxies, among other factors, suggest that multiple-shell average Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios provide reliable estimates of BWT history at these sites. The BWT records show not only glacial-to-interglacial variations but also indicate BWT changes during the deglacial and within the Holocene interglacial stage. At the deeper sites (4500- and 3400-m water depth), BWT decreased during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the late Holocene, and possibly during the Younger Dryas. Maximum deep-sea warming occurred during the latest deglacial and early Holocene, when BWT exceeded modern values by as much as 2.5°C. This warming was apparently most intense around 3000 m, the depth of the modern-day core of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep water (NADW). The BWT variations at the deeper water sites are consistent with changes in thermohaline circulation: warmer BWT signifies enhanced NADW influence relative to Antarctic bottom water (AABW). Thus maximum NADW production and associated heat flux likely occurred during the early Holocene and decreased abruptly around 6500 years B.P., a finding that is largely consistent with paleonutrient studies in the deep North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. BWT changes in intermediate waters (1000-m water depth) of the subtropical gyre roughly parallel the deep BWT variations including dramatic mid-Holocene cooling of around 4°C. Joint consideration of the Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based BWT estimates and benthic oxygen isotopes suggests that the cooling was accompanied by a decrease in salinity at this site. Subsequently, intermediate waters warmed to modern</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP43D..02F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP43D..02F"><span>Last interglacial temperature seasonality reconstructed from tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> corals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Felis, T.; Brocas, W.; Obert, J. C.; Gierz, P.; Lohmann, G.; Scholz, D.; Kölling, M.; Pfeiffer, M.; Scheffers, S. R.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Reconstructions of last interglacial ( 127-117 ka) climate offer insights into the natural response and variability of the climate system during a <span class="hlt">period</span> partially analogous to future climate change scenarios. However, the seasonal temperature changes of the tropical ocean are not well known for the last interglacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Here we present well preserved fossil corals (Diploria strigosa) recovered from the southern Caribbean island of Bonaire. These corals have been precisely dated by the 230Th/U-method to between 130 and 118 ka ago. Annual banding of the coral skeleton enabled construction of time windows of monthly resolved Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> temperature proxy records. Our eight coral records of up to 37 years in length cover a total of 105 years within the last interglacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. From these coral records, sea surface temperature (SST) seasonality in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is reconstructed. We detect similar to modern SST seasonality of 2.9 °C during the early (130 ka) and the late last interglacial (120 - 118 ka). However, within the mid-last interglacial, a significantly higher than modern SST seasonality of 4.9 °C (at 126 ka) and 4.1 °C (at 124 ka) is observed. These findings are supported by climate model simulations (COSMOS) and are consistent with the evolving amplitude of orbitally induced changes in seasonality of insolation throughout the last interglacial, irrespective of wider climatic instabilities that characterised this <span class="hlt">period</span>, e.g. at 118 ka ago. The climate model simulations suggest that the SST seasonality changes documented in our last interglacial coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records are representative of larger regions within the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These simulations also suggest that the reconstructed SST seasonality increase during the mid-last interglacial is caused primarily by summer warming. Furthermore, a 124 ka old coral documents evidence of decadal SST variability in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the last interglacial, akin to that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP41B1762N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP41B1762N"><span>Paleohydrology of tropical South America and paleoceanography of the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> as deduced from two new sediment cores on the Brazilian continental slope</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nace, T.; Baker, P. A.; Dwyer, G. S.; Silva, C. G.; Hollander, D. J.; Rigsby, C. A.; Giosan, L.; Burns, S. J.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Paleoclimate/paleoceanographic reconstructions of the Amazon Basin, Brazilian Nordeste, and western equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> have been undertaken on two new sediment cores located on the Brazilian continental slope (Core CDH-5 at 1708 mbsl, 4N, 48W, 32m long, ~30 ka record; Core CDH-86 at 3708 mbsl, 0N/S, 44W, 30m long, ~100ka record). High-resolution XRF analyses of Fe, Ti, and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> are used to define the paleohydrologic history of the adjacent continent at both sites. Large and abrupt excursions of Ti/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are observed in both cores, but are significantly better defined in the southern core, representative of Nordeste conditions. In this core there are a total of 9 Ti/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> excursions, the oldest recovered dating to ~98ka. These excursions correlate well with Heinrich events from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. High-resolution stable oxygen isotopic analysis and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> paleothermometry undertaken on the near-surface-dwelling planktic foraminiferal species Globierinoides ruber provide a picture of paleoceanographic forcings in the western equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The northern and southern cores respectively exhibit rapid warming of ~3C and ~3.5C between the last glacial maximum and the early Holocene. Furthermore, in almost all cases, during the last glacial stage, there was a 0.5C to 2C warming of the western equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the <span class="hlt">periods</span> of high Ti/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios that correlate with Heinrich events. Thus, as observed in some previous studies, the western equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was warm and the adjacent southern tropical continent was wet at the same time that the high-latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was cold. The largely accepted paradigm is that Northern hemisphere cold events result in a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), contributing to drier conditions at the northern extent of the ITCZ annual range (Cariaco Basin) and increased precipitation in the southern tropics of South America. The ITCZ appears to have been influenced by millennial variability of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001EOSTr..82..345S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001EOSTr..82..345S"><span>Forecast calls for continued <span class="hlt">period</span> of active hurricane seasons in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Showstack, Randy</p> <p></p> <p>“I have been designated as a representative of Chicken Little to tell you the sky is falling with regard to hurricanes.” So said William Gray professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University at a July 26 briefing on Capitol Hill. The briefing, sponsored by the Congressional Natural Hazards Caucus, the (U.S.) University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, and the American Meteorological Society highlighted a new report about the current active hurricane <span class="hlt">period</span> in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, as well as funding needs for hurricane research. “It is amazing the threat we appear to be in for in the next two to three decades, and how little realization of this [there] is with the government and with the general public,” said Gray a long-time forecaster of seasonal hurricane activity and co-author of a July 19 article in Science, “The Recent Increase in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Hurricane Activity: Causes and Implications.”</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSAES..77..276P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSAES..77..276P"><span>The potential of the coral species Porites astreoides as a paleoclimate archive for the Tropical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pereira, N. S.; Sial, A. N.; Frei, R.; Ullmann, C. V.; Korte, C.; Kikuchi, R. K. P.; Ferreira, V. P.; Kilbourne, K. H.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The aragonitic skeletons of corals are unique archives of geochemical tracers that can be used as proxies for environmental conditions with high fidelity and sub-annual resolution. Such records have been extensively used for reconstruction of climatic conditions in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Red Sea and Caribbean, but lack for the Equatorial South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Here we present coral-based records of Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, δ18O and δ13C and the first δ18O-SST calibration for the scleractinian coral species Porites astreoides from the Rocas Atoll, Equatorial South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The investigated geochemical proxies for P. astreoides presented a very well-developed seasonal cyclicity in all proxies. We use the monthly means of δ18O and SST from the <span class="hlt">period</span> of 2001-2013 to propose a calibration for a paleothermometer based on Porites, which gives T(°C) = -8.69(±0.79)* δ18O -7.05(±3.14), and yielded a SST δ18O-depended reconstruction with fidelity better than 0.5 °C for most of the record. Biases of up to 2 °C might be associated with reduced growth rate <span class="hlt">periods</span> of the coral record. The Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data show systematic, annual fluctuations but analyses are too imprecise to propose a Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST calibration. The δ13C values are found to vary in phase with δ18O and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and are interpreted to be controlled by solar irradiation-modulated photosynthetic activity on the annual level. Our findings extend the global data base of coral records, contributing to further investigations using coral skeleton as environmental archives. In particular, the present study helps to better understand the climate variability of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical ocean-atmosphere system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..216V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..216V"><span>600 yr High-Resolution Climate Reconstruction of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation deduced from a Puerto Rican Speleothem</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vieten, Rolf; Winter, Amos; Scholz, Denis; Black, David; Spoetl, Christoph; Winterhalder, Sophie; Koltai, Gabriella; Schroeder-Ritzrau, Andrea; Terzer, Stefan; Zanchettin, Davide; Mangini, Augusto</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p> <span class="hlt">periods</span> of decreased rainfall. Before 1800 there were two intervals of increased Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ13C values (dryer conditions) lasting several decades in our speleothem record centered around 1680 CE and 1470 CE. The elevated ratios indicate that drier conditions than present may have occurred in the region during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of warm <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface waters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1051B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1051B"><span>Climatic teleconnections between the subtropical and polar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the Last Interglacial <span class="hlt">period</span> (MIS5e)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bauch, H. A.; Zhuravleva, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Meridional gradients in sea surface temperature (SST) control ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns and, thus, regulate the global climate. Here we reconstruct variability of these gradients in the course of the Last Interglacial (MIS5e), by using sediment records from the low and high latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> which are linked via the Gulf Stream.In the Nordic Seas, i.e., at the northern end of the Gulf Stream extension, strong post-Saalian meltwater discharge reduced northward-directed transport of surface oceanic heat until the mid-MIS5e, resulting in a late and rather weak SST peak. To decipher the corresponding climatic changes in the area of the Gulf Stream origin, we employ stable isotopes data, planktic foraminifera assemblages as well as a new alkenone paleotemperature record from core drilled on the upper northern slope of the Little Bahama Bank. In addition, chemical composition of sediments (XRF data) was used to asses past sea level fluctuations and sedimentation regimes on this shallow-water carbonate bank. Significant variations in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios point to a two-fold structure of the Last Interglacial. Stabilized Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values were reached only during the second phase of MIS5e, possibly representing the interval of maximum bank-top flooding after the northern hemisphere deglaciation terminated. Faunal-based proxies as well as oxygen isotopic gradients between surface and bottom-dwelling foraminifera corroborate existence of the two major climatic phases within the Last Interglacial, in agreement with the respective development in the polar region. This further suggests a strong climatic coupling between the subtropical and high-latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> with important implications for meridional SST gradients during the Last Interglacial.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.3106F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.3106F"><span>Late Quaternary Palaeoceanographic Changes in Sea Surface Conditions in the Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fischel, Andrea; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig; Kuijpers, Antoon; Nürnberg, Dirk</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Palaeoceanographic changes and the variability in surface water mass hydrography are reconstructed in order to track tropical ocean and climate variability and inter-hemispheric heat exchange through the last 42,000 year BP. Our studies are based on the relative abundance of planktonic foraminifera combined with sea surface temperature approximation based Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> measurements, XRF scanning and stable oxygen isotope analyses in a 5 m long gravity core Ga307-Win-12GC (17°50.80N, 64°48.7290W), retrieved in the Virgin Island Basin in approx. 3,960 m water depth. The Virgin Island Basin is the deepest part of the Anegada-Jungfern Passage in the northeast Caribbean, one of the most important pathways for water mass exchange between the Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the Caribbean Sea. Due to its bathymetry surface waters as well as deep water mass strata from the northern and southern hemisphere enter the basin, comprising Caribbean Surface Water (CSW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Intermediate Water (AIW) and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW). The planktonic foraminiferal assemblage suggests rather stable sea-surface conditions during the Holocene in the NE Caribbean. However, major changes in the hydrographic setting could be identified within the glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. During the glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>, clear millennial-scale variability in sea-surface temperature and productivity are present. Fluctuations in the relative abundance of Globigerinoides ruber in the sediment core may be correlated to Dansgaard-Oeschger events in the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Furthermore an increase in relative abundance of Globorotalia rubescens occurs synchronous with ice rafted debris layers described from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The faunal changes in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> may thus be correlated to major climate changes in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, mainly D-O cyclicity as well as Heinrich events. Thus, the synchronous change in water mass distribution and hydrographic cyclicity suggests a possible linkage</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908256','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908256"><span>Impact of abrupt deglacial climate change on tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subsurface temperatures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Matthew W; Chang, Ping; Hertzberg, Jennifer E; Them, Theodore R; Ji, Link; J, Link; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L</p> <p>2012-09-04</p> <p>Both instrumental data analyses and coupled ocean-atmosphere models indicate that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is tightly linked to abrupt tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (TNA) climate change through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. Although a slowdown of AMOC results in an atmospheric-induced surface cooling in the entire TNA, the subsurface experiences an even larger warming because of rapid reorganizations of ocean circulation patterns at intermediate water depths. Here, we reconstruct high-resolution temperature records using oxygen isotope values and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in both surface- and subthermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core located in the TNA over the last 22 ky. Our results show significant changes in the vertical thermal gradient of the upper water column, with the warmest subsurface temperatures of the last deglacial transition corresponding to the onset of the Younger Dryas. Furthermore, we present new analyses of a climate model simulation forced with freshwater discharge into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> under Last Glacial Maximum forcings and boundary conditions that reveal a maximum subsurface warming in the vicinity of the core site and a vertical thermal gradient change at the onset of AMOC weakening, consistent with the reconstructed record. Together, our proxy reconstructions and modeling results provide convincing evidence for a subsurface oceanic teleconnection linking high-latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate to the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of reduced AMOC across the last deglacial transition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196849','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196849"><span>Cretaceous paleoceanography of the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Arthur, Michael A.; Dean, Walter E.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>In this paper we summarize available information on the Cretaceous lithostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The data and some of our interpretations draw in large part on papers published in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) volumes. We have attempted to cite relevant references when possible, but space limitations make it difficult to give proper credit to all sources; we apologize for any omissions.Organic carbon (Corg) and carbonate (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3) analyses were tabulated for each site from papers in the DSDP Initial Report volumes and other published works (e.g., Summerhayes,1981). Corg, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3, and non-<span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 mass accumulation rates (MARS) were calculated using core by core averages of component percentages for the more continuously cored sites; core averages for wet bulk density and porosity (from DSDP data files); biostratigraphies of de Graciansky and others (1982), Roth and Bowdler (1981), and Cool (1982); and the time scales of the Decade of North American Geology (Palmer, 1983; Kent and Gradstein, this volume) or Harland and others (1982; see Plate 1).Backtracked paleodepths for western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> DSDP Sites from Tucholke and Vogt (1979) with the revised stratigraphy of de Graciansky and others (1982) were used in plotting Corg and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 (see also Thierstein, 1979).Backtracking curves of seafloor paleodepth versus age (Sclater and others, 1977; Tucholke and Vogt, 1979) for selected western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> DSDP sites. Average <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 concentrations per core are shown by code number</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1400A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1400A"><span>Tracing Marine Cryptotephras in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the Last Glacial <span class="hlt">Period</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abbott, Peter; Davies, Siwan; Griggs, Adam; Bourne, Anna</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p> patterns in the occurrence of these deposit types have been detected, the dominant controls at different sites explored and key regions of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> with a greater likelihood for preserving isochronous deposits identified. Overall, these investigations have allowed a framework of isochronous marine cryptotephras to be defined for the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. The most widespread deposit is the rhyolitic phase of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ash Zone II, identified in 9 of the marine sequences and providing a direct tie-line to the Greenland ice-cores records. The framework is dominated by horizons with a basaltic composition, predominantly sourced from the Icelandic Grímsvötn volcanic system but horizons with Katla, Hekla, Kverkfjöll, Veidivötn and Vestmannaeyjar like compositions have also been isolated. Correlations to horizons in the Greenland ice-core tephra framework are being explored, however, this is a challenging process due to the large number of horizons with similar geochemical signatures in the records and the difference in temporal resolution and stratigraphic control between the ice and marine sequences.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19258687','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19258687"><span>On the role of <span class="hlt">periodic</span> structures in the lower jaw of the <span class="hlt">atlantic</span> bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dible, S A; Flint, J A; Lepper, P A</p> <p>2009-03-01</p> <p>This paper proposes the application of band-gap theory to hearing in the <span class="hlt">atlantic</span> bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Using the transmission line modelling (TLM) technique and published computed tomography (CT) data of an <span class="hlt">atlantic</span> bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), a series of sound propagation experiments have been carried out. It is shown that the teeth in the lower jaw can be viewed as a <span class="hlt">periodic</span> array of scattering elements which result in the formation of an acoustic stop band (or band gap) that is angular dependent. It is shown through simple and complex geometry simulations that performance enhancements such as improved gain and isolation between the two receive paths can be achieved. This mechanism has the potential to be exploited in direction-finding sonar.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037464','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037464"><span>Evidence of multidecadal climate variability and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation from a Gulf of Mexico sea-surface temperature-proxy record</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Poore, R.Z.; DeLong, K.L.; Richey, J.N.; Quinn, T.M.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>A comparison of a Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based sea-surface temperature (SST)-anomaly record from the northern Gulf of Mexico, a calculated index of variability in observed North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST known as the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and a tree-ring reconstruction of the AMO contain similar patterns of variation over the last 110 years. Thus, the multidecadal variability observed in the instrumental record is present in the tree-ring and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> proxy data. Frequency analysis of the Gulf of Mexico SST record and the tree-ring AMO reconstruction from 1550 to 1990 found similar multidecadal-scale <span class="hlt">periodicities</span> (???30-60 years). This multidecadal <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> is about half the observed (60-80 years) variability identified in the AMO for the 20th century. The historical records of hurricane landfalls reveal increased landfalls in the Gulf Coast region during time intervals when the AMO index is positive (warmer SST), and decreased landfalls when the AMO index is negative (cooler SST). Thus, we conclude that alternating intervals of high and low hurricane landfall occurrences may continue on multidecadal timescales along the northern Gulf Coast. However, given the short length of the instrumental record, the actual frequency and stability of the AMO are uncertain, and additional AMO proxy records are needed to establish the character of multidecadal-scale SST variability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. ?? 2009 US Government.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP31C2258R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP31C2258R"><span>Late Holocene climate change in the western Mediterranean: centennial-scale vegetation and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ramos Román, M. J.; Jimenez-Moreno, G.; Anderson, R. S.; García-Alix, A.; Toney, J. L.; Jiménez-Espejo, F. J. J.; Carrión, J. S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Sediments from alpine peat bogs and lakes from the Sierra Nevada in southeastern Spain (western Mediterranean area) have been very informative in terms of how vegetation and wetland environments were impacted by past climate change. Recently, many studies try to find out the relationship between solar activity, atmosphere and ocean dynamics and changes in the terrestrial environments. The Mediterranean is a very sensitive area with respect to atmospheric dynamics due to (1) its location, right in the boundary between subtropical and temperate climate systems and (2) the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) is one of the main mechanism that influence present climate in this area. Here we present a multi-proxy high-resolution study from Borreguil de la Caldera (BdlC), a peat bog that records the last <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 4500 cal yr BP of vegetation, fire, human impact and climate history from the Sierra Nevada. The pollen, charcoal and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) reconstruction in the BdlC-01 record evidence relative humidity changes in the last millennia interrupting the late Holocene aridification trend. This study shows a relative arid <span class="hlt">period</span> between <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 4000 and 3100 cal yr BP; the Iberian Roman humid <span class="hlt">period</span> (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 2600 to 1600 cal yr BP); a relative arid <span class="hlt">period</span> during the Dark Ages (from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. AD 500 to AD 900) and Medieval Climate Anomaly (from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. AD 900 to <span class="hlt">ca</span>. AD 1300) and predominantly wetter conditions corresponding with The Little Ice Age <span class="hlt">period</span> (from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. AD 1300 to AD 1850). This climate variability could be explained by centennial scale changes in the NAO and solar activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP21B1902J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP21B1902J"><span>The Once and Future North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: How the Mid-Pliocene Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> Can Increase Stakeholder Preparedness in a Warming World</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jacobs, P.; de Mutsert, K.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Paleoclimatic reconstructions, particularly from <span class="hlt">periods</span> that may serve as an analog to the present and future greenhouse-driven warming, are increasingly being used to validate climate models as well as to provide constraints on broad impacts such as global temperature and sea level change. However, paleoclimatic data remains under-utilized in decision-making processes by stakeholders, who typically rely on scenarios produced by computer models or naive extrapolation of present trends. We hope to increase the information available to stakeholders by incorporating paleoclimatic data from the mid-Pliocene Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> (mPWP, ~3ma) into a fisheries model of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> fisheries are economically important and are expected to be sensitive to climatic change. State of the art climate models remain unable to realistically simulate the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, both over the observational record as well as during times in the geologic past such as the mPWP. Given that the mPWP shares many of the same boundary conditions as those likely to be seen in the near future, we seek to answer the question 'What if the climate of the future looks more like the climate of the past?' relative to what state of the art computer models currently project. To that end we have created a suite of future North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean scenarios using output from the CMIP3 and CMIP5 modeling experiments, as well as the PRISM group's Mid-Pliocene ocean reconstruction. We use these scenarios to drive an ecosystem-based fisheries model using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software to identify differences between the scenarios as the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean changes through time. Additionally, we examine the spatial component of these differences by using the Ecospace module of EwE. Whereas the Ecosim realizations are intended to capture the dynamic response to changing oceanographic parameters (SST, SSS, DO) over time, the Ecospace experiments are intended to explore the impact of different</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3437837','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3437837"><span>Impact of abrupt deglacial climate change on tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subsurface temperatures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Matthew W.; Chang, Ping; Hertzberg, Jennifer E.; Them, Theodore R.; Ji, Link; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Both instrumental data analyses and coupled ocean-atmosphere models indicate that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is tightly linked to abrupt tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (TNA) climate change through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. Although a slowdown of AMOC results in an atmospheric-induced surface cooling in the entire TNA, the subsurface experiences an even larger warming because of rapid reorganizations of ocean circulation patterns at intermediate water depths. Here, we reconstruct high-resolution temperature records using oxygen isotope values and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in both surface- and subthermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core located in the TNA over the last 22 ky. Our results show significant changes in the vertical thermal gradient of the upper water column, with the warmest subsurface temperatures of the last deglacial transition corresponding to the onset of the Younger Dryas. Furthermore, we present new analyses of a climate model simulation forced with freshwater discharge into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> under Last Glacial Maximum forcings and boundary conditions that reveal a maximum subsurface warming in the vicinity of the core site and a vertical thermal gradient change at the onset of AMOC weakening, consistent with the reconstructed record. Together, our proxy reconstructions and modeling results provide convincing evidence for a subsurface oceanic teleconnection linking high-latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate to the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of reduced AMOC across the last deglacial transition. PMID:22908256</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018DokES.478..263S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018DokES.478..263S"><span>Evaluation of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation Impact on Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region in Summer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Semenov, V. A.; Cherenkova, E. A.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The influence of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on large-scale atmospheric circulation in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region in summer for the <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1950-2015 is investigated. It is shown that the intensification of the summer North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) with significant changes in sea level pressure anomalies in the main centers of action (over Greenland and the British Isles) occurred while the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was cooler. Sea surface temperature anomalies, which are linked to the AMO in the summer season, affect both the NAO index and fluctuations of the Eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>/Western Russia (EAWR) centers of action. The positive (negative) phase of the AMO is characterized by a combination of negative (positive) values of the NAO and EAWR indices. The dominance of the opposite phases of the teleconnection indices in summer during the warm North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and in its colder <span class="hlt">period</span> resulted in differences in the regional climate in Europe.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025982','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025982"><span>Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span>, Little Ice Age and 20th century temperature variability from Chesapeake Bay</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Cronin, T. M.; Dwyer, G.S.; Kamiya, T.; Schwede, S.; Willard, D.A.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>We present paleoclimate evidence for rapid (< 100 years) shifts of ~2-4oC in Chesapeake Bay (CB) temperature ~2100, 1600, 950, 650, 400 and 150 years before present (years BP) reconstructed from magnesium/calcium (Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) paleothermometry. These include large temperature excursions during the Little Ice Age (~1400-1900 AD) and the Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> (~800-1300 AD) possibly related to changes in the strength of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> thermohaline circulation (THC). Evidence is presented for a long <span class="hlt">period</span> of sustained regional and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-wide warmth with low-amplitude temperature variability between ~450 and 1000 AD. In addition to centennial-scale temperature shifts, the existence of numerous temperature maxima between 2200 and 250 years BP (average ~70 years) suggests that multi-decadal processes typical of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) are an inherent feature of late Holocene climate. However, late 19th and 20th century temperature extremes in Chesapeake Bay associated with NAO climate variability exceeded those of the prior 2000 years, including the interval 450-1000 AD, by 2-3oC, suggesting anomalous recent behavior of the climate system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28484227','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28484227"><span>Coupling of equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface stratification to glacial shifts in the tropical rainbelt.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Portilho-Ramos, R C; Chiessi, C M; Zhang, Y; Mulitza, S; Kucera, M; Siccha, M; Prange, M; Paul, A</p> <p>2017-05-08</p> <p>The modern state of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation promotes a northerly maximum of tropical rainfall associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). For continental regions, abrupt millennial-scale meridional shifts of this rainbelt are well documented, but the behavior of its oceanic counterpart is unclear due the lack of a robust proxy and high temporal resolution records. Here we show that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ leaves a distinct signature in planktonic foraminifera assemblages. We applied this proxy to investigate the history of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ for the last 30,000 years based on two high temporal resolution records from the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Our reconstruction indicates that the shallowest mixed layer associated with the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ unambiguously shifted meridionally in response to changes in the strength of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning with a southward displacement during Heinrich Stadials 2-1 and the Younger Dryas. We conclude that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ was located at <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1°S (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 5° to the south of its modern annual mean position) during Heinrich Stadial 1. This supports a previous hypothesis, which postulates a southern hemisphere position of the oceanic ITCZ during climatic states with substantially reduced or absent cross-equatorial oceanic meridional heat transport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPP51A2098H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPP51A2098H"><span>Multi-proxy Reconstructions of Deglacial Variability of Antarctic Intermediate Water Circulation in the Western Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, K.; Oppo, D.; Curry, W. B.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Reconstruction of changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) circulation across the last deglaciation is critical in constraining the links between AAIW and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and understanding how AAIW influences oceanic heat transport and carbon budget across abrupt climate events. Here we systematically establish in situ calibrations for carbonate saturation state (B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>), nutrient (Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ13C) and watermass proxies (ɛNd) in foraminifera using multicore tops and ambient seawater samples collected from the Demerara Rise, western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Through the multi-proxy reconstructions, deglacial variability of intermediate water circulation in the western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> can be further constrained. The reconstructed seawater Cd record from the Demerara Rise sediment core (KNR197-3-46CDH, at 947 m water depth) over the last 21 kyrs suggests reduced presence of AAIW during the cold intervals (LGM, H1 and YD) when AMOC was reduced. Down-core B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> record shows elevated intermediate water Δ[CO32-] during these cold intervals, further indicating a weaker influence of AAIW in the western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The δ13C record exhibits a pronounced deglacial minimum and a clear decoupling between δ13C and Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> after the AMOC completely recovered at around 8 kyr BP. This could be due to the carbonate ion effect on benthic Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> or the influence of organic matter remineralization on benthic δ13C. A new ɛNd record for the last deglaciation will be provided to evaluate the relative proportions of southern and northern waters at this intermediate site in the western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167451','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167451"><span>The role of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning circulation in the recent decline of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> major hurricane frequency.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yan, Xiaoqin; Zhang, Rong; Knutson, Thomas R</p> <p>2017-11-22</p> <p>Observed <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> major hurricane frequency has exhibited pronounced multidecadal variability since the 1940s. However, the cause of this variability is debated. Using observations and a coupled earth system model (GFDL-ESM2G), here we show that the decline of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> major hurricane frequency during 2005-2015 is associated with a weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) inferred from ocean observations. Directly observed North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sulfate aerosol optical depth has not increased (but shows a modest decline) over this <span class="hlt">period</span>, suggesting the decline of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> major hurricane frequency during 2005-2015 is not likely due to recent changes in anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. Instead, we find coherent multidecadal variations involving the inferred AMOC and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> major hurricane frequency, along with indices of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Variability and inverted vertical wind shear. Our results provide evidence for an important role of the AMOC in the recent decline of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> major hurricane frequency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51A2263W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51A2263W"><span>600 yr High-Resolution Climate Reconstruction of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Variability deduced from a Puerto Rican Speleothem</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Winter, A.; Vieten, R.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>A multi-proxy speleothem study tracks the regional hydrological variability in Puerto Rico and highlights its close relation to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation. Our proxy record extends instrumental observations 600 years into the past, and reveals the range of natural hydrologic variability for the region. A detailed interpretation and understanding of the speleothem climate record is achieved by the combination of multi-proxy measurements, thin section petrography, XRD analysis and cave monitoring results. The speleothem was collected in Cueva Larga, a one mile-long cave system that has been monitored since 2012. MC-ICPMS 230Th/U-dating reveals that the speleothem grew constantly over the last 600 years. Trace element ratios (Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) as well as stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13C) elucidate significant changes in atmospheric precipitation at the site. Monthly cave monitoring results demonstrate that the epikarst system responds to multi-annual changes in seepage water recharge. The drip water isotope and trace element composition lack short term or seasonal variability. This hydrological system creates favorable conditions to deduce decadal climate variability from Cueva Larga's climate record. The speleothem time series mimics the most-recently published AMO reconstruction over the last 200 years with a time lag of 10-20 years. The time lag seems to results from slow atmospheric signal transmission through the epikarst but the effect of dating uncertainties cannot be ruled out. Warm SSTs in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> are related to drier conditions in Puerto Rico. During times of decreased rainfall a relative increase in prior calcite precipitation seems to be the main process causing increased Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> trace element ratios. High trace element ratios correlate to higher δ13C values. The increase in both proxies indicates a shift towards time <span class="hlt">periods</span> of decreased rainfall. Over the past 600 years there are two intervals of increased Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ13C values</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFMPP42A..01G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFMPP42A..01G"><span>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation Reconstructed at Bermuda for 220 Years Using Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> Ratios in Diploria labyrinthiformis (brain coral)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goodkin, N. F.; Hughen, K. A.; Cohen, A. L.; Curry, W. B.; Doney, S. C.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) is a meridional oscillation in atmospheric mass measured by pressure anomalies between Iceland (65°N, 23°W) and the Azores (38°N, 26°W) (Hurrell, 1995). Changes between the positive and negative phase of the NAO strongly influence weather patterns across the US, Europe and the Middle East. A shift in recent decades toward a sustained positive NAO has raised questions about the influence of greenhouse gas emissions on this system. Unfortunately, instrumental records are too short to identify the natural baseline variability of the NAO, and NAO reconstructions generally encompass only land-based proxies, excluding ocean processes. Winter-time sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Sargasso Sea have previously been shown to correlate to the NAO (Visbeck et al., 2001), and thus a long winter SST record based on proxy data could be used to reconstruct NAO variability back in time. Here we present an annually resolved winter-time strontium to calcium ratio (Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) record from a 220-year old brain coral (Diploria labyrinthiformis) collected from the south shore of Bermuda. Brain coral is prevalent in Bermuda and shows distinct annual banding in its skeleton providing precise age models. Winter-time coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> has previously been shown to accurately record winter SST free from growth rate influences (Goodkin et al., 2005), and that relationship is confirmed here. Cross-spectral analysis between winter-time coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and four instrumental and proxy records of the NAO (Hurrell, 1995, Jones et al., 1997, Luterbacher et al., 2001, Cook et al., 2002) show two frequencies of coherence with >95% confidence. At <span class="hlt">periods</span> greater than 20 years and between 3 and 5 years, the coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> effectively captures the NAO variability. Filtering the coral record to these frequencies and comparing to the instrumental and proxy records, including another marine-based NAO reconstruction from the North and Norwegian Seas (Schoene et al., 2003), show</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.7249H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.7249H"><span>Subsurface warming in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during rapid climate events in the Early and Mid-Pleistocene</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hernández-Almeida, Iván; Sierro, Francisco; Cacho, Isabel; Abel Flores, José</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>A new high-resolution reconstruction of the temperature and salinity of the subsurface waters using paired Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-δ18O measurements on the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistrorsa (sin.) was conducted on a deep-sea sediment core in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (Site U1314). This study aims to reconstruct millennial-scale subsurface hydrography variations during the Early and Mid-Pleistocene (MIS 31-19). These rapid climate events are characterized by abrupt shifts between warm/cold conditions, and ice-sheet oscillations, as evidenced by major ice rafting events recorded in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sediments (Hernández-Almeida et al., 2012), similar to those found during the Last Glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> (Marcott et al, 2011). The Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> derived paleotemperature and salinity oscillations prior and during IRD discharges at Site U1314 are related to changes in intermediate circulation. The increases in Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> paleotemperatures and salinities during the IRD event are preceded by short episodes of cooling and freshening of subsurface waters. The response of the AMOC to this perturbation is an increased of warm and salty water coming from the south, transported to high latitudes in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> beneath the thermocline. This process is accompanied by a southward shift in the convection cell from the Nordic Seas to the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and better ventilation of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> at mid-depths. Poleward transport of warm and salty subsurface subtropical waters causes intense basal melting and thinning of marine ice-shelves, that culminates in large-scale instability of the ice sheets, retreat of the grounding line and iceberg discharge. The mechanism proposed involves the coupling of the AMOC with ice-sheet dynamics, and would explain the presence of these fluctuations before the establishment of high-amplitude 100-kyr glacial cycles. Hernández-Almeida, I., Sierro, F.J., Cacho, I., Flores, J.A., 2012. Impact of suborbital climate changes in the North</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PalOc..32..780L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PalOc..32..780L"><span>Carbon storage in the mid-depth <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during millennial-scale climate events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lacerra, Matthew; Lund, David; Yu, Jimin; Schmittner, Andreas</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Carbon isotope minima were a ubiquitous feature of the mid-depth <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 14.5-17.5 kyr BP) and the Younger Dryas (YD, 11.5-12.9 kyr BP), yet their cause remains unclear. Recent evidence indicates that North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> processes triggered the δ13C anomalies, with weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) being the most likely driver. Model simulations suggest that slowing of the AMOC increases the residence time of mid-depth waters in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, resulting in the accumulation of respired carbon. Here we assess ΣCO2 variability in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> using benthic foraminiferal B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, a proxy for [CO32-]. Using replicated high-resolution B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from 2 km water depth on the Brazil Margin, we show that [CO32-] decreased during HS1 and the YD, synchronous with apparent weakening of the AMOC. The [CO32-] response is smaller than in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during HS1, indicating there was a north-south gradient in the [CO32-] signal similar to that for δ13C. The implied variability in ΣCO2 is consistent with model results, suggesting that carbon is temporarily sequestered in the mid-depth <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during millennial-scale stadial events. Using a carbon isotope mass balance, we estimate that approximately 75% of the HS1 δ13C signal at the Brazil Margin was driven by accumulation of remineralized carbon, highlighting the nonconservative behavior of δ13C during the last deglaciation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4937136','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4937136"><span>The optimal <span class="hlt">period</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment for parthenogenetic activation of porcine oocytes during maturation culture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>MORITA, Yasuhiro; TANIGUCHI, Masayasu; TANIHARA, Fuminori; ITO, Aya; NAMULA, Zhao; DO, Lanh Thi Kim; TAKAGI, Mitsuhiro; TAKEMOTO, Tatsuya; OTOI, Takeshige</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The changes triggered by sperm-induced activation of oocytes, which are required for normal oocyte development, can be mediated by other agents, thereby inducing the parthenogenesis. In this study, we exposed porcine oocytes to 1 mM <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA, a metal-ion chelator, at various intervals during 48 hr of in vitro maturation to determine the optimum <span class="hlt">period</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment for parthenogenetic activation. When the oocytes were cultured with or without <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA from 36 hr (post-12), 24 hr (post-24), 12 hr (post-36) and 0 hr (post-48) after the start of maturation culture, the blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the post-24, post-36 and post-48 groups (3.3%, 4.0% and 2.6%, respectively) than those in the control group without treatment (0%). Furthermore, when the oocytes were cultured with <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA for 0 hr (control), 12 hr (pre-12), 24 hr (pre-24), 36 hr (pre-36) and 48 hr (pre-48) from the start of maturation culture, the oocytes formed blastocysts only in the pre-36 and pre-48 groups (0.4% or 0.8%, respectively). Pronuclei (<66.7%) were observed only when the <span class="hlt">periods</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment were more than 12 hr during maturation culture. In the control group, no pronuclei were detected. Our findings demonstrate that porcine immature oocytes can be parthenogenetically activated by <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment for at least 24 hr to 36 hr during maturation culture, leading to pronucleus formation followed by the formation of blastocysts. PMID:26947170</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26947170','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26947170"><span>The optimal <span class="hlt">period</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment for parthenogenetic activation of porcine oocytes during maturation culture.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morita, Yasuhiro; Taniguchi, Masayasu; Tanihara, Fuminori; Ito, Aya; Namula, Zhao; DO, Lanh Thi Kim; Takagi, Mitsuhiro; Takemoto, Tatsuya; Otoi, Takeshige</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The changes triggered by sperm-induced activation of oocytes, which are required for normal oocyte development, can be mediated by other agents, thereby inducing the parthenogenesis. In this study, we exposed porcine oocytes to 1 mM <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA, a metal-ion chelator, at various intervals during 48 hr of in vitro maturation to determine the optimum <span class="hlt">period</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment for parthenogenetic activation. When the oocytes were cultured with or without <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA from 36 hr (post-12), 24 hr (post-24), 12 hr (post-36) and 0 hr (post-48) after the start of maturation culture, the blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the post-24, post-36 and post-48 groups (3.3%, 4.0% and 2.6%, respectively) than those in the control group without treatment (0%). Furthermore, when the oocytes were cultured with <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA for 0 hr (control), 12 hr (pre-12), 24 hr (pre-24), 36 hr (pre-36) and 48 hr (pre-48) from the start of maturation culture, the oocytes formed blastocysts only in the pre-36 and pre-48 groups (0.4% or 0.8%, respectively). Pronuclei (<66.7%) were observed only when the <span class="hlt">periods</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment were more than 12 hr during maturation culture. In the control group, no pronuclei were detected. Our findings demonstrate that porcine immature oocytes can be parthenogenetically activated by <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-EDTA treatment for at least 24 hr to 36 hr during maturation culture, leading to pronucleus formation followed by the formation of blastocysts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BGeo...10.2699S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BGeo...10.2699S"><span>Coccolithophore surface distributions in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and their modulation of the air-sea flux of CO2 from 10 years of satellite Earth observation data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shutler, J. D.; Land, P. E.; Brown, C. W.; Findlay, H. S.; Donlon, C. J.; Medland, M.; Snooke, R.; Blackford, J. C.</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Coccolithophores are the primary oceanic phytoplankton responsible for the production of calcium carbonate (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3). These climatically important plankton play a key role in the oceanic carbon cycle as a major contributor of carbon to the open ocean carbonate pump (~50%) and their calcification can affect the atmosphere-to-ocean (air-sea) uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) through increasing the seawater partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Here we document variations in the areal extent of surface blooms of the globally important coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> over a 10-year <span class="hlt">period</span> (1998-2007), using Earth observation data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). We calculate the annual mean sea surface areal coverage of E. huxleyi in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> to be 474 000 ± 104 000 km2, which results in a net <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 carbon (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3-C) production of 0.14-1.71 Tg <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3-C per year. However, this surface coverage (and, thus, net production) can fluctuate inter-annually by -54/+8% about the mean value and is strongly correlated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate oscillation index (r=0.75, p<0.02). Our analysis evaluates the spatial extent over which the E. huxleyi blooms in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> can increase the pCO2 and, thus, decrease the localised air-sea flux of atmospheric CO2. In regions where the blooms are prevalent, the average reduction in the monthly air-sea CO2 flux can reach 55%. The maximum reduction of the monthly air-sea CO2 flux in the time series is 155%. This work suggests that the high variability, frequency and distribution of these calcifying plankton and their impact on pCO2 should be considered if we are to fully understand the variability of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> air-to-sea flux of CO2. We estimate that these blooms can reduce the annual N. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> net sink atmospheric CO2 by between 3-28%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24940739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24940739"><span>An electrical analogy relating the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal oscillation to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kurtz, Bruce E</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the northward flow of surface water to subpolar latitudes where deepwater is formed, balanced by southward abyssal flow and upwelling in the vicinity of the Southern Ocean. It is generally accepted that AMOC flow oscillates with a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 60-80 years, creating a regular variation in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature known as the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal oscillation (AMO). This article attempts to answer two questions: how is the AMOC driven and why does it oscillate? Using methods commonly employed by chemical engineers for analyzing processes involving flowing liquids, apparently not previously applied to trying to understand the AMOC, an equation is developed for AMOC flow as a function of the meridional density gradient or the corresponding temperature gradient. The equation is based on the similarity between the AMOC and an industrial thermosyphon loop cooler, which circulates a heat transfer liquid without using a mechanical pump. Extending this equation with an analogy between the flow of heat and electricity explains why the AMOC flow oscillates and what determines its <span class="hlt">period</span>. Calculated values for AMOC flow and AMO oscillation <span class="hlt">period</span> are in good agreement with measured values.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4062526','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4062526"><span>An Electrical Analogy Relating the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kurtz, Bruce E.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the northward flow of surface water to subpolar latitudes where deepwater is formed, balanced by southward abyssal flow and upwelling in the vicinity of the Southern Ocean. It is generally accepted that AMOC flow oscillates with a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 60–80 years, creating a regular variation in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature known as the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal oscillation (AMO). This article attempts to answer two questions: how is the AMOC driven and why does it oscillate? Using methods commonly employed by chemical engineers for analyzing processes involving flowing liquids, apparently not previously applied to trying to understand the AMOC, an equation is developed for AMOC flow as a function of the meridional density gradient or the corresponding temperature gradient. The equation is based on the similarity between the AMOC and an industrial thermosyphon loop cooler, which circulates a heat transfer liquid without using a mechanical pump. Extending this equation with an analogy between the flow of heat and electricity explains why the AMOC flow oscillates and what determines its <span class="hlt">period</span>. Calculated values for AMOC flow and AMO oscillation <span class="hlt">period</span> are in good agreement with measured values. PMID:24940739</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9110D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9110D"><span>Hydrographic changes in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> at the MCA to LIA transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Divine, Dmitry; Miettinen, Arto; Husum, Katrine; Koc, Nalan</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>A network of four marine sediment cores from the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is used to study hydrographic changes in surface water masses during the last 2000 years with a special focus on the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA) transition. Three of the cores are recovered from the sites located on main pathways of warm <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water to the Arctic: M95-2011 (Vøring plateau, Norwegian Sea), Rapid-21 COM and LO-14 (Reykjanes Ridge, south of Iceland). The fourth core MD99-2322 is from the SE Greenland shelf (Denmark Strait), and it is influenced by the cold water outflow from the Arctic. The cores were analyzed continuously for planktonic diatoms with a high decadal to subdecadal temporal resolution. Past changes in the spatial distribution of surface water masses have been studied identifying factors, or typical species compositions, in downcore diatom assemblages. To derive the factors a Q-mode factor analysis has been applied to the extended modern calibration data set of 184 surface sediment samples from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the Labrador Sea, the Nordic Seas, and Baffin Bay. SSTs have also been reconstructed using transfer functions. Variations of the reconstructed SSTs and loadings of major contributing factors reveal a complex regional pattern of changes in the structure of circulation during the MCA/LIA transition (1200-1400 AD). In the Norwegian Sea, the factors associated with assemblages typical for warmer and saline North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> waters are partly displaced by colder and fresher water dwelling diatoms suggesting an eastward migration of mixed Arctic/<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water masses into the Norwegian Sea. The two cores south of Iceland show a westward propagation of a warm water pulse as evidenced by the dominance of assemblages, which today are typical for the waters <span class="hlt">ca</span> 5° further south than the current study sites. At the SE Greenland shelf an abrupt shift (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 50 years) in factors associated with different sea ice zone dwelling diatoms</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/189/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/189/"><span>PRISM3 DOT1 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin Reconstruction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dowsett, Harry; Robinson, Marci; Dwyer, Gary S.; Chandler, Mark; Cronin, Thomas</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>PRISM3 DOT1 (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping 3, Deep Ocean Temperature 1) provides a three-dimensional temperature reconstruction for the mid-Pliocene <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin, the first of several regional data sets that will comprise a global mid-Pliocene reconstruction. DOT1 is an alteration of modern temperature values for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean in 4 degree x 5 degree cells in 13 depth layers for December 1 based on Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-derived BWT estimates from seventeen DSDP and ODP Sites and SST estimates from the PRISM2 reconstruction (Dowsett et al., 1999). DOT1 reflects a vaguely modern circulation system, assuming similar processes of deep-water formation; however, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW) production is increased, and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) production is decreased. Pliocene NADW was approximately 2 degreesC warmer than modern temperatures, and Pliocene AABW was approximately 0.3 degreesC warmer than modern temperatures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76694&keyword=Analysis+AND+cost+AND+logistic&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76694&keyword=Analysis+AND+cost+AND+logistic&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>INTERACTIVE HABITAT MODELS FOR MID-<span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> HIGHLAND STREAM FISHES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>In most wadeable streams of the Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highland region of the eastern United States, habitat alteration resulting from development in the watershed is the primary stressor for fish. Models that predict the presence of stream fish species based on habitat characteristics <span class="hlt">ca</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25520057','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25520057"><span>231Pa/230Th evidence for a weakened but persistent <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich Stadial 1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bradtmiller, Louisa I; McManus, Jerry F; Robinson, Laura F</p> <p>2014-12-18</p> <p>The strength of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation is believed to affect the climate over glacial-interglacial and millennial timescales. The marine sedimentary (231)Pa/(230)Th ratio is a promising paleocirculation proxy, but local particle effects may bias individual reconstructions. Here we present new <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sedimentary (231)Pa/(230)Th data from the Holocene, the last glacial maximum and Heinrich Stadial 1, a <span class="hlt">period</span> of abrupt cooling <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 17,500 years ago. We combine our results with published data from these intervals to create a spatially distributed sedimentary (231)Pa/(230)Th database. The data reveal a net (231)Pa deficit during each <span class="hlt">period</span>, consistent with persistent (231)Pa export. In highly resolved cores, Heinrich (231)Pa/(230)Th ratios exceed glacial ratios at nearly all depths, indicating a significant reduction, although not cessation, of overturning during Heinrich Stadial 1. These results support the inference that weakened overturning was a driver of Heinrich cooling, while suggesting that abrupt climate oscillations do not necessarily require a complete shutdown of overturning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12093923','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12093923"><span>Polyvalent cation receptor proteins (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>Rs) are salinity sensors in fish.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nearing, J; Betka, M; Quinn, S; Hentschel, H; Elger, M; Baum, M; Bai, M; Chattopadyhay, N; Brown, E M; Hebert, S C; Harris, H W</p> <p>2002-07-09</p> <p>To determine whether calcium polyvalent cation-sensing receptors (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>Rs) are salinity sensors in fish, we used a homology-based cloning strategy to isolate a 4.1-kb cDNA encoding a 1,027-aa dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) kidney <span class="hlt">Ca</span>R. Expression studies in human embryonic kidney cells reveal that shark kidney senses combinations of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+), Mg(2+), and Na(+) ions at concentrations present in seawater and kidney tubules. Shark kidney is expressed in multiple shark osmoregulatory organs, including specific tubules of the kidney, rectal gland, stomach, intestine, olfactory lamellae, gill, and brain. Reverse transcriptase-PCR amplification using specific primers in two teleost fish, winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar), reveals a similar pattern of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>R tissue expression. Exposure of the lumen of winter flounder urinary bladder to the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>R agonists, Gd(3+) and neomycin, reversibly inhibit volume transport, which is important for euryhaline teleost survival in seawater. Within 24-72 hr after transfer of freshwater-adapted <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon to seawater, there are increases in their plasma <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+), Mg(2+), and Na(+) that likely serve as a signal for internal <span class="hlt">Ca</span>Rs, i.e., brain, to sense alterations in salinity in the surrounding water. We conclude that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>Rs act as salinity sensors in both teleost and elasmobranch fish. Their tissue expression patterns in fish provide insights into <span class="hlt">Ca</span>R functions in terrestrial animals including humans.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263398','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263398"><span>Forest productivity in southwestern Europe is controlled by coupled North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Madrigal-González, Jaime; Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan A; Herrero, Asier; Ruiz-Benito, Paloma; Stoffel, Markus; Lucas-Borja, Manuel E; Andivia, Enrique; Sancho-García, Cesar; Zavala, Miguel A</p> <p>2017-12-20</p> <p>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) depicts annual and decadal oscillatory modes of variability responsible for dry spells over the European continent. The NAO therefore holds a great potential to evaluate the role, as carbon sinks, of water-limited forests under climate change. However, uncertainties related to inconsistent responses of long-term forest productivity to NAO have so far hampered firm conclusions on its impacts. We hypothesize that, in part, such inconsistencies might have their origin in <span class="hlt">periodical</span> sea surface temperature anomalies in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean (i.e., <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO). Here we show strong empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis using 120 years of <span class="hlt">periodical</span> inventory data from Iberian pine forests. Our results point to AMO + NAO + and AMO - NAO - phases as being critical for forest productivity, likely due to decreased winter water balance and abnormally low winter temperatures, respectively. Our findings could be essential for the evaluation of ecosystem functioning vulnerabilities associated with increased climatic anomalies under unprecedented warming conditions in the Mediterranean.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3641520','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3641520"><span>Coralline algal Barium as indicator for 20th century northwestern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface ocean freshwater variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hetzinger, S.; Halfar, J.; Zack, T.; Mecking, J. V.; Kunz, B. E.; Jacob, D. E.; Adey, W. H.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During the past decades climate and freshwater dynamics in the northwestern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> have undergone major changes. Large-scale freshening episodes, related to polar freshwater pulses, have had a strong influence on ocean variability in this climatically important region. However, little is known about variability before 1950, mainly due to the lack of long-term high-resolution marine proxy archives. Here we present the first multidecadal-length records of annually resolved Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> variations from Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coralline algae. We observe positive relationships between algal Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios from two Newfoundland sites and salinity observations back to 1950. Both records capture episodical multi-year freshening events during the 20th century. Variability in algal Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> is sensitive to freshwater-induced changes in upper ocean stratification, which affect the transport of cold, Ba-enriched deep waters onto the shelf (highly stratified equals less Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>). Algal Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios therefore may serve as a new resource for reconstructing past surface ocean freshwater changes. PMID:23636135</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636135','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636135"><span>Coralline algal barium as indicator for 20th century northwestern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface ocean freshwater variability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hetzinger, S; Halfar, J; Zack, T; Mecking, J V; Kunz, B E; Jacob, D E; Adey, W H</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During the past decades climate and freshwater dynamics in the northwestern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> have undergone major changes. Large-scale freshening episodes, related to polar freshwater pulses, have had a strong influence on ocean variability in this climatically important region. However, little is known about variability before 1950, mainly due to the lack of long-term high-resolution marine proxy archives. Here we present the first multidecadal-length records of annually resolved Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> variations from Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coralline algae. We observe positive relationships between algal Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios from two Newfoundland sites and salinity observations back to 1950. Both records capture episodical multi-year freshening events during the 20th century. Variability in algal Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> is sensitive to freshwater-induced changes in upper ocean stratification, which affect the transport of cold, Ba-enriched deep waters onto the shelf (highly stratified equals less Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>). Algal Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios therefore may serve as a new resource for reconstructing past surface ocean freshwater changes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015mmm..conf..217B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015mmm..conf..217B"><span><span class="hlt">Ca</span>, P and Collagen Fibrils <span class="hlt">Period</span> Measurements in the Vertebras of Lordotic Sparus aurata</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Berillis, Panagiotis; Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos</p> <p></p> <p>Skeletal deformities of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is a major factor that effects the production cost, the external morphology of the fish as well as its survival and growth. Adult individuals of S. aurata were collected from a commercial fish farm and were divided into two groups. One with the presence of lordosis and one without any skeletal deformity. Fishes X-rayed and vertebras were taken from the site of the vertebra column that the lordosis occurred. One part was decalcified and prepared for collagen examination with transmission electron microscope and the rest incinerated and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> and P contents were measured. The stoichiometries of the samples were obtained by EDS. The same procedure was followed for fish without any skeletal deformity (vertebras were taken from the middle part of the vertebra column). The decalcified vertebras parts examined with TEM, collagen micrographs were taken and the fibrils' <span class="hlt">period</span> was measured. Statistics revealed no significant difference for both <span class="hlt">Ca</span> and P or the collagen fibrils' <span class="hlt">period</span> between the two fish groups.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.453..223L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.453..223L"><span>An alternative model for <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 over-shooting during the PETM: Biological carbonate compensation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Luo, Yiming; Boudreau, Bernard P.; Dickens, Gerald R.; Sluijs, Appy; Middelburg, Jack J.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Decreased <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 content of deep-sea sediments argues for rapid and massive acidification of the oceans during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ∼56 Ma BP). In the course of the subsequent recovery from this acidification, sediment <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 content came to exceed pre-PETM levels, known as over-shooting. Past studies have largely attributed the latter to increased alkalinity input to the oceans via enhanced weathering, but this ignores potentially important biological factors. We successfully reproduce the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 records from Walvis Ridge in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, including over-shooting, using a biogeochemical box model. Replication of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 records required: 1) introduction of a maximum of ∼6500 GtC of CO2 directly into deep-ocean waters or ∼8000 GtC into the atmosphere, 2) limited deep-water exchange between the Indo-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific oceans, 3) the disappearance of sediment bioturbation during a portion of the PETM, and 4) most central to this study, a ∼50% reduction in net <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 production, during acidification. In our simulations, over-shooting is an emergent property, generated at constant alkalinity input (no weathering feedback) as a consequence of attenuated <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 productivity. This occurs because lower net <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 production from surface waters allows alkalinity to build-up in the deep oceans (alkalinization), thus promoting deep-water super-saturation. Restoration of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 productivity later in the PETM, particularly in the Indo-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, leads to greater accumulation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3, ergo over-shooting, which returns the ocean to pre-PETM conditions over a time scale greater than 200 ka.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoRL..42..411B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoRL..42..411B"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean circulation changes preceded millennial tropical South America rainfall events during the last glacial</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burckel, Pierre; Waelbroeck, Claire; Gherardi, Jeanne Marie; Pichat, Sylvain; Arz, Helge; Lippold, Joerg; Dokken, Trond; Thil, François</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>, Greenland's climate shifted between cold (stadial) and warm (interstadial) phases that were accompanied by ocean circulation changes characterized by reduced <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during stadials. Here we present new data from the western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> demonstrating that AMOC slowdowns preceded some of the large South American rainfall events that took place during stadials. Based on 231Pa/230Th and Ti/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> measurements in the same sediment core, we determine that the AMOC started to slowdown 1420 ± 250 and 690 ± 180 (1σ) years before the onset of two large precipitation events associated with Heinrich stadials. Our results bring unprecedented evidence that AMOC changes could be at the origin of the large precipitation events observed in tropical South America during Heinrich stadials. In addition, we propose a mechanism explaining the differences in the extent and timing of AMOC slowdowns associated with shorter and longer stadials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUSMPP73A..05G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUSMPP73A..05G"><span>Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> Ratios in Coralline Red Algae as Temperature Proxies for Reconstructing Labrador Current Variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gamboa, G.; Hetzinger, S.; Halfar, J.; Zack, T.; Kunz, B.; Adey, W.</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>Marine ecosystems and fishery productivity in the Northwestern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> have been considerably affected by regional climate and oceanographic changes. Fluctuations of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> marine climate have been linked in part to a dominant pattern of atmospheric circulation known as the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation, which has a strong influence on transport variability of the Labrador Current (LC). The cold LC originates in the Labrador Sea and flows southbound along the Eastern Canadian coastline causing an important cooling effect on marine waters off the Canadian <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> provinces. Although interdecadal and interannual variability of sea surface temperatures (SST) in the LC system have been documented, a long-term pattern has not been identified. In order to better understand the observed ecosystem changes and their relationship with climate variability in the Northwestern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, a century-scale reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations of the LC is needed. This, however, requires reliable long-term and high-resolution SST records, which are not available from short instrumental observations. Here we present the first century-scale SST reconstructions from the Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> using long-lived coralline red algae. Coralline red algae have a high-Mg calcite skeleton, live in shallow water worldwide and develop annual growth bands. It has previously been demonstrated that subannual resolution SSTs can be obtained from coralline red algal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios, a commonly used paleotemperature proxy. Specimens of the long-lived coralline red algae Clathromorphum compactum were collected alive in August 2008 along a latitudinal transect spanning the southern extent of LC flow in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. This collection is supplemented with specimens from the same region collected in the 1960's. In order to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of the LC, selected samples of C. compactum were analyzed for Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> using Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28783913','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28783913"><span>Sea level anomaly in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and seas around Europe: Long-term variability and response to North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> teleconnection patterns.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Iglesias, Isabel; Lorenzo, M Nieves; Lázaro, Clara; Fernandes, M Joana; Bastos, Luísa</p> <p>2017-12-31</p> <p>Sea level anomaly (SLA), provided globally by satellite altimetry, is considered a valuable proxy for detecting long-term changes of the global ocean, as well as short-term and annual variations. In this manuscript, monthly sea level anomaly grids for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1993-2013 are used to characterise the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean variability at inter-annual timescales and its response to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> main patterns of atmospheric circulation variability (North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation, Eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>/Western Russia, Scandinavian and Polar/Eurasia) and main driven factors as sea level pressure, sea surface temperature and wind fields. SLA variability and long-term trends are analysed for the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and several sub-regions (North, Baltic and Mediterranean and Black seas, Bay of Biscay extended to the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula, and the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean), depicting the SLA fluctuations at basin and sub-basin scales, aiming at representing the regions of maximum sea level variability. A significant correlation between SLA and the different phases of the teleconnection patterns due to the generated winds, sea level pressure and sea surface temperature anomalies, with a strong variability on temporal and spatial scales, has been identified. Long-term analysis reveals the existence of non-stationary inter-annual SLA fluctuations in terms of the temporal scale. Spectral density analysis has shown the existence of long-<span class="hlt">period</span> signals in the SLA inter-annual component, with <span class="hlt">periods</span> of ~10, 5, 4 and 2years, depending on the analysed sub-region. Also, a non-uniform increase in sea level since 1993 is identified for all sub-regions, with trend values between 2.05mm/year, for the Bay of Biscay region, and 3.98mm/year for the Baltic Sea (no GIA correction considered). The obtained results demonstrated a strong link between the atmospheric patterns and SLA, as well as strong long-<span class="hlt">period</span> fluctuations of this variable in spatial and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011E%26PSL.307..113M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011E%26PSL.307..113M"><span>Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in foraminifera from plankton tows: Evaluation of proxy controls and comparison with core tops</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Martínez-Botí, M. A.; Mortyn, P. G.; Schmidt, D. N.; Vance, D.; Field, D. B.</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>Calibrations and validations of the Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> paleothermometer in planktic foraminifera have traditionally been performed by means of core tops, sediment trap samples and culture experiments. In this study, Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios have been measured in 8 species of planktic foraminifera (non-globorotaliids Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina incompta, Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides ruber (white) and G. sacculifer, and globorotaliids Globorotalia inflata, G. hirsuta and G. truncatulinoides), collected live from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the Southeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the Northeast Pacific and the Norwegian Sea. Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios for N. incompta, O. universa, G. ruber, G. sacculifer and G. truncatulinoides are similar to available North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> core-top studies and consistent with previous calibration equations. In contrast, some G. bulloides, G. inflata and G. hirsuta Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are higher than predicted based on δ 18O values, and exhibit considerable scatter. This elevation may be in part related to the impact of potential isotopic disequilibrium effects on δ 18O-derived temperatures, which the Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are compared to. Another factor that may affect Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in some plankton samples is the lack of low-Mg test components (e.g., final chambers or gametogenic calcite), because of the incompleteness of the life cycle at the time of collection. N. incompta Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are correlated with salinity, with Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> changing about 16% per salinity unit, suggesting that salinity may have an important influence on Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> of some species even in non-extreme salinity environments. This is the first extensive multispecific plankton tow Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data set from different oceanographic regions, which has been used to test the Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> temperature proxy in the context of published calibration data, highlighting the complex physiological/ecological controls on the acquisition of the proxy signal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.173..142G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.173..142G"><span>Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotope ratios in benthonic foraminifers related to test structure, mineralogy and environmental controls</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gussone, Nikolaus; Filipsson, Helena L.; Kuhnert, Henning</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We analysed Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotope ratios of benthonic foraminifers from sediment core tops retrieved during several research cruises in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, in order to improve the understanding of isotope fractionation and element partitioning resulting from biomineralisation processes and changes in ambient conditions. Species include foraminifers secreting tests composed of hyaline low magnesium calcite, porcelaneous high magnesium calcite as well as aragonite. Our results demonstrate systematic isotope fractionation and element partitioning patterns specific for these foraminiferal groups. Calcium isotope fractionation is similar in porcelaneous and hyaline calcite tests and both groups demonstrate the previously described anomaly with enrichment of heavy isotopes around 3-4 °C (Gussone and Filipsson, 2010). Calcium isotope ratios of the aragonitic species Hoeglundina elegans, on the other hand, are about 0.4‰ lighter compared to the calcitic species, which is in general agreement with stronger fractionation in inorganic aragonite compared to calcite. However, the low and strongly variable Sr content suggests additional processes during test formation, and we propose that transmembrane ion transport or a precursor phase to aragonite may be involved. Porcelaneous tests, composed of high Mg calcite, incorporate higher amounts of Sr compared to hyaline low Mg calcite, in agreement with inorganic calcite systematics, but also porcelaneous tests with reduced Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> show high Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>. While calcium isotopes, Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in benthonic foraminifers primarily appear to fractionate and partition with a dominant inorganic control, δ44/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span> temperature and growth rate dependencies of benthonic foraminifer tests favour a dominant contribution of light <span class="hlt">Ca</span> by transmembrane transport relative to unfractionated seawater <span class="hlt">Ca</span> to the calcifying fluid, thus controlling the formation of foraminiferal δ44/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> proxy signals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15295596','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15295596"><span>Vigorous exchange between the Indian and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oceans at the end of the past five glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peeters, Frank J C; Acheson, Ruth; Brummer, Geert-Jan A; De Ruijter, Wilhelmus P M; Schneider, Ralph R; Ganssen, Gerald M; Ufkes, Els; Kroon, Dick</p> <p>2004-08-05</p> <p>The magnitude of heat and salt transfer between the Indian and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oceans through 'Agulhas leakage' is considered important for balancing the global thermohaline circulation. Increases or reductions of this leakage lead to strengthening or weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning and associated variation of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water formation. Here we show that modern Agulhas waters, which migrate into the south <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean in the form of an Agulhas ring, contain a characteristic assemblage of planktic foraminifera. We use this assemblage as a modern analogue to investigate the Agulhas leakage history over the past 550,000 years from a sediment record in the Cape basin. Our reconstruction indicates that Indian-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water exchange was highly variable: enhanced during present and past interglacials and largely reduced during glacial intervals. Coherent variability of Agulhas leakage with northern summer insolation suggests a teleconnection to the monsoon system. The onset of increased Agulhas leakage during late glacial conditions took place when glacial ice volume was maximal, suggesting a crucial role for Agulhas leakage in glacial terminations, timing of interhemispheric climate change and the resulting resumption of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMEP23B0962P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMEP23B0962P"><span>Linking North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Teleconnections to Latitudinal Variability of Wave Climate Along the North American <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Provancha, C.; Adams, P. N.; Hegermiller, C.; Storlazzi, C. D.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Shoreline change via coastal erosion and accretion is largely influenced by variations in ocean wave climate. Identifying the sources of these variations is challenging because the timing of wave energy delivery varies over multiple timescales within ocean basins. We present the results of an investigation of USACE Wave Information Studies hindcast hourly wave heights, <span class="hlt">periods</span>, and directions along the North American <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast from 1980-2012, designed to explore links between wave climate and teleconnection patterns. Trends in median and extreme significant wave heights (SWHs) demonstrate that mean monthly SWHs increased from 1 to 5 cm/yr along the roughly 3000 km reach of study area, with changes in hurricane season waves appearing to be most influential in producing the overall trends. Distributions of SWHs categorized by North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) phase, show that positive-<span class="hlt">period</span> NAO SWHs are greater than negative-<span class="hlt">period</span> NAO SWHs along the entire eastern seaboard (25°N to 45°N). The most prominent wave direction off Cape Cod, MA during positive-<span class="hlt">period</span> NAO is approximately 105°, as compared to approximately 75° during negative-<span class="hlt">period</span> NAO. Prominent wave directions between Cape Canaveral, FL, and Savannah, GA exhibit a similar shift but during opposite phases of the NAO. The results of this analysis suggest that the atmosphere-ocean interactions associated with contrasting NAO phases can significantly change the wave climate observed offshore along the North American <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast, altering alongshore wave energy fluxes and sediment transport patterns along the coast.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5963893-very-early-archean-crustal-accretion-complexes-preserved-north-atlantic-craton','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5963893-very-early-archean-crustal-accretion-complexes-preserved-north-atlantic-craton"><span>Very early Archean crustal-accretion complexes preserved in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> craton</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nutman, A.P.; Collerson, K.D.</p> <p>1991-08-01</p> <p>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> craton contains very early Archean supracrustal rocks, orthogneisses, and massive ultramafic rocks. Most units of supracrustal rocks are dominated by mafic volcanic rocks, layered gabbros, and banded iron formations, bust some also contain abundant felsic volcanic-sedimentary rocks, quartzites, and marbles. Some quartzites contain detrital zircons derived from rocks identical in age to felsic volcanic-sedimentary rocks in these sequences (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 3800 Ma) and also from older (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 3850 Ma) sources. The presence of the <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 3850 Ma detrital zircons suggests that the supracrustal units containing them were deposited on, or close to, <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 3850 Ma sialic crust. Themore » massive ultramafic rocks have chemical affinities to upper mantle rocks. The voluminous suites of tonalitic gneisses are dominated by 3700-3730 Ma bodies that intrude the supracrustal sequences, but they also locally contain components with ages between 3820 and 3920 Ma. The diverse supracrustal units, upper mantle rocks, and {ge} 3820 Ma components in the gneisses were tectonically interleaved in very early Archean convergent plate boundaries, giving rise to accretion complexes. In the <span class="hlt">period</span> 3700-3730 Ma, voluminous tonalitic magmas produced by partial melting of predominantly mafic rocks in the base of the accretion complexes were emplaced at higher levels, forming juvenile continental crust and leaving behind a refractory lower crustal to upper mantle substrate.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP11A2200A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP11A2200A"><span>TRACEing Last Glacial <span class="hlt">Period</span> (25-80 ka b2k) tephra horizons within North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> marine cores and exploring links to the Greenland ice-cores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abbott, P. M.; Davies, S. M.; Griggs, A. J.; Bourne, A. J.; Cook, E.; Pearce, N. J. G.; Austin, W. E. N.; Chapman, M.; Hall, I. R.; Purcell, C. S.; Scourse, J. D.; Rasmussen, T. L.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Tephrochronology is a powerful technique for the correlation and synchronisation of disparate palaeoclimatic records from different depositional environments and has considerable potential for testing climatic phasing. For example, the relative timing of atmospheric and marine changes caused by the abrupt climatic events that punctuated the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> within the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region. Here we report on efforts to establish a framework of tephra horizons within North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> marine sequences that can correlate these records and if traced in the Greenland ice-cores can act as isochronous tie-lines. Investigations have been conducted on a network of marine cores from a number of sites across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Tephra horizons have been identified using cryptotephra extraction techniques more commonly applied to the study of terrestrial sequences. There are two main challenges with assessing cryptotephras in the glacial North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; i) determining the transportation processes and ii) assessing the influence of secondary reworking processes and the stratigraphic integrity of the isochrons. These processes and their influence are investigated for each cryptotephra using shard size variations, major element heterogeneity and co-variance of IRD input for some cores. Numerous Icelandic cryptophras have been successfully identified in the marine records and we will discuss the integration of a number of these with an isochronous nature into a marine tephra framework and how potential correlations to the Greenland ice-core tephra framework are determined. Spatial patterns in the nature of tephra records that are emerging from the core network will be highlighted to outline some of the key areas that could be explored in the future. In addition, the synchronisation of multiple North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> records to the Greenland ice-cores using the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ash Zone II to test the synchroneity of an abrupt cooling in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15..705G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15..705G"><span>Inter-annual variability of aerosol optical depth over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean based on MODIS-Aqua observations over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 2002-2012</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gkikas, Antonis; Hatzianastassiou, Nikolaos</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is affected by dust and biomass burning aerosol loads transported from the western parts of the Saharan desert and the sub-Sahel regions, respectively. The spatial and temporal patterns of this transport are determined by the aerosol emission rates, their deposition (wet and dry), by the latitudinal shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the prevailing wind fields. More specifically, in summer, Saharan dust aerosols are transported towards the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, even reaching the Gulf of Mexico, while in winter the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean transport takes place in more southern latitudes, near the equator, sometimes reaching the northern parts of South America. In the later case, dust is mixed with biomass burning aerosols originating from agricultural activities in the sub-Sahel, associated with prevailing north-easterly airflow (Harmattan winds). Satellite observations are the appropriate tool for describing this African aerosol export, which is important to atmospheric, oceanic and climate processes, offering the advantage of complete spatial coverage. In the present study, we use satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth at 550nm (AOD550nm), on a daily and monthly basis, derived from MODIS-Aqua platform, at 1ox1o spatial resolution (Level 3), for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 2002-2012. The primary objective is to determine the pixel-level and regional mean anomalies of AOD550nm over the entire study <span class="hlt">period</span>. The regime of the anomalies of African export is interpreted in relation to the aerosol source areas, precipitation, wind patterns and temporal variability of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation Index (NAOI). In order to ensure availability of AOD over the Sahara desert, MODIS-Aqua Deep Blue products are also used. As for precipitation, Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data at 2.5ox2.5o are used. The wind fields are taken from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Apart from the regime of African aerosol export</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP31B2279F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP31B2279F"><span>Trace element evidence for abrupt changes in deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean nutrient and carbonate chemistry across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Farmer, J. R.; Hoenisch, B.; Haynes, L.; Kroon, D.; Bell, D. B.; Jung, S.; Seguí, M. J.; Raymo, M. E.; Goldstein, S. L.; Pena, L. D.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Pleistocene glaciations underwent a profound transition from lower amplitude 40 kyr cycles to high amplitude 100 kyr cycles between 1.2 and 0.8 Ma, an interval termed the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). While the underlying causes of the MPT are uncertain, previous studies show quasi-contemporaneous reductions in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW) export1 and glacial atmospheric pCO22 around 0.9 Ma. Although this suggests a possible role for enhanced deep-ocean carbon storage in amplifying climate change across the MPT, few direct records of deep ocean carbonate chemistry exist for this interval to test this hypothesis. Here we present South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> benthic foraminiferal B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from International Ocean Discovery Program Sites 1088, 1264 and 1267 (2.1 to 4.3 km water depth) as part of a larger study of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-wide changes in deep ocean chemistry and circulation spanning the MPT. Results show an abrupt 15-20% decrease in benthic B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and 40-50% increase in Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> at 4.3 km depth (Site 1267) between 1.0 and 0.9 Ma. Site 1088, which at 2.1 km depth is sensitive to input of southern-sourced Upper Circumpolar Deep Water, shows a prolonged 25% decrease in B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and 50% increase in Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> from 1.0 to 0.6 Ma. In contrast, at Site 1264 ( 2.5 km depth within the core of modern NADW) B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> changes across the MPT are more modest (-5% and +10%, respectively). These observations reflect on the accumulation of regenerated carbon and nutrients in the deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and varying contributions of northern- and southern-sourced watermasses to each core site. Implications for deep-ocean carbon storage and forcing of the MPT will be discussed. 1Pena, L. and Goldstein, S. (2014), Science 345, 318 2Hönisch, B. et al. (2009), Science 324, 1551</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-04-04/pdf/2011-7947.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-04-04/pdf/2011-7947.pdf"><span>76 FR 18504 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quotas and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tuna Fisheries...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-04</p> <p>...-BA65 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quotas and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tuna Fisheries..., 2011, NMFS published a proposed rule to modify <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (BFT) base quotas for all domestic...); amend the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tunas possession at sea and landing regulations to allow removal of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tunas...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985005','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985005"><span>Predictability of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Climate Variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Griffies; Bryan</p> <p>1997-01-10</p> <p>Atmospheric weather systems become unpredictable beyond a few weeks, but climate variations can be predictable over much longer <span class="hlt">periods</span> because of the coupling of the ocean and atmosphere. With the use of a global coupled ocean-atmosphere model, it is shown that the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> may have climatic predictability on the order of a decade or longer. These results suggest that variations of the dominant multidecadal sea surface temperature patterns in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, which have been associated with changes in climate over Eurasia, can be predicted if an adequate and sustainable system for monitoring the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean exists.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014QSRv...90...80Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014QSRv...90...80Y"><span>Deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> carbonate chemistry and increased interocean deep water exchange during last deglaciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yu, Jimin; Anderson, Robert F.; Jin, Zhangdong; Menviel, Laurie; Zhang, Fei; Ryerson, Fredrick J.; Rohling, Eelco J.</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Carbon release from the deep ocean at glacial terminations is a critical component of past climate change, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We present a 28,000-year high-resolution record of carbonate ion concentration, a key parameter of the global carbon cycle, at 5-km water depth in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. We observe similar carbonate ion concentrations between the Last Glacial Maximum and the late Holocene, despite elevated concentrations in the glacial surface ocean. This strongly supports the importance of respiratory carbon accumulation in a stratified deep ocean for atmospheric CO2 reduction during the last ice age. After ˜9 μmol/kg decline during Heinrich Stadial 1, deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> carbonate ion concentration rose by ˜24 μmol/kg from the onset of Bølling to Pre-boreal, likely caused by strengthening North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water formation (Bølling) or increased ventilation in the Southern Ocean (Younger Drays) or both (Pre-boreal). The ˜15 μmol/kg decline in deep water carbonate ion since ˜10 ka is consistent with extraction of alkalinity from seawater by deep-sea <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 compensation and coral reef growth on continental shelves during the Holocene. Between 16,600 and 15,000 years ago, deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> carbonate ion values converged with those at 3.4-km water depth in the western equatorial Pacific, as did carbon isotope and radiocarbon values. These observations suggest a <span class="hlt">period</span> of enhanced lateral exchange of carbon between the deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific Oceans, probably due to an increased transfer of momentum from southern westerlies to the Southern Ocean. By spreading carbon-rich deep Pacific waters around Antarctica for upwelling, invigorated interocean deep water exchange would lead to more efficient CO2 degassing from the Southern Ocean, and thus to an atmospheric CO2 rise, during the early deglaciation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1614020H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1614020H"><span>An Anatomy of the 1960s <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Cooling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hodson, Dan; Robson, Jon; Sutton, Rowan</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) exhibited pronounced multidecadal variability during the 20th Century. In particular, the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs exhibited a rapid warming between 1920 and 1940 followed by a rapid cooling between 1960 and 1980. SSTs outside the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> display a much smaller level of decadal variability over the 20th Century. This pattern of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> warming and cooling has been linked to subsequent changes in rainfall over the Sahel and Nordeste Brazil, Summertime North American Climate and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Hurricane Genesis. Several hypotheses for the rapid 1960s <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cooling have been proposed, including a reduction in northward ocean heat transport due to a reduced <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the significant rise in anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions during the latter half of the 20th century. Here we examine the observed 1960s <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cooling in more detail. We describe the evolution of the rapid cooling by constructing a detailed multivariate anatomy of the cooling <span class="hlt">period</span> in order to illuminate the possible explanations and mechanisms involved. We show that the observed 1960s cooling began around 1964-68 in the Greenland-Iceland-Norway (GIN) seas, later spreading to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Sub Polar Gyre and much of the subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. This initial cooling of the Sub Polar Gyre is associated with a marked reduction in salinity (the Great Salinity Anomaly). The cooling peaked between 1972-76, extending into the Tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. This <span class="hlt">period</span> also saw the development of a significant Winter North-South Dipole Mean Sea Level Pressure dipole pattern reminiscent of a positive NAO (High over the Azores, Low over Iceland). The cooling then retreated back to higher latitudes during 1976:80. Our analysis demonstrates that the cooling of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the 1960s cannot be understood as a simple thermodynamic response to aerosol induced reductions in shortwave radiation. Dynamical changes</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917734M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917734M"><span>Constraining the mechanisms driving coccolith δ44/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> variations: new perspectives from cultures, cellular models, and the sediment record</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>María Mejía, Luz; Paytan, Adina; Eisenhauer, Anton; Kolevica, Ana; Bolton, Clara; Méndez-Vicente, Ana; Abrevaya, Lorena; Isensee, Kirsten; Stoll, Heather</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Coccoliths comprise a major fraction of the calcium carbonate (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3) production, with contributions varying from 95% of the global carbonate sink during the Cenozoic, to 50% in the modern ocean. Therefore, significant changes in coccolith <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotopic fractionation could have affected past seawater <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotopic composition (δ44/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span>), with potential important implications for the interpretation of the global <span class="hlt">Ca</span> cycle and related changes in seawater chemistry. Here we evaluate the mechanisms driving coccolith <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotopic fractionation in a quantitative framework, by deriving a steady-state mass balance geochemical model (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>Sri-Co), which assumes that fractionation is solely associated with desolvation (i.e. dehydration) of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> during cellular transport through membranes. The application of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>Sri-Co model to previously published and to our new δ44/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> results from cultured coccolithophores (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Calcidiscus leptoporus) allowed us to identify calcification rates, <span class="hlt">Ca</span> retention efficiency and water structure strength as main regulators of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotopic fractionation and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios of cultured coccolith calcite. Higher calcification rates, higher <span class="hlt">Ca</span> retention efficiencies and higher water structure strength (slower <span class="hlt">Ca</span> solvation-desolvation reactions) increase both coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotopic fractionation. The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>Sri-Co model shows that coccolith <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotopic fractionation is especially sensitive to changes in water structure strength. On the other hand, <span class="hlt">Ca</span> retention efficiency appears to be the main driver of the observed Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> trends, which results from the incomplete usage of the Sr transported to the calcification vesicle and subsequent Sr enrichment of the cytosol, while <span class="hlt">Ca</span> inside the calcification vesicle is assumed to be completely utilized in the model. In this study we also measured δ44/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in two coccolith size fraction from site 925 in the Western Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> representing the last</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/hsi/hsi-098.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/hsi/hsi-098.pdf"><span>Habitat Suitability Index Models: Juvenile <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Croaker</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Diaz, Robert J.; Onuf, Christopher P.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>INTRODUCTION The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> croaker is an important commercial and recreational species. In the 1940's, the foodfish catch of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> croakers was concentrated in Chesapeake Bay; in the 1950's and early 1970's, the catch was concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico; and in the late 1970's, the catch was concentrated in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> States (Wilk 1981). Industrial and recreational catches of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> croakers have been concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico, where the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> croaker is the most important species of bottomfish for industrial uses (Knudsen and Herke 1978), and has ranked first, second, or third in number caught by recreational anglers, depending on survey year (Nakamura 1981). Today, Virginia or Delaware is considered to be the northern extent of the species. During climatically warmer <span class="hlt">periods</span>, such as the 1930's and 1940's, the croaker extended its range north at least to New York, where it was commercially fished. The southern extent of its range is Argentina.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CliPa..14..339G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CliPa..14..339G"><span>Variations in Mediterranean-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> exchange across the late Pliocene climate transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>García-Gallardo, Ángela; Grunert, Patrick; Piller, Werner E.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Mediterranean-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar plays a significant role in the global ocean-climate dynamics in two ways. On one side, the injection of the saline and warm Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) contributes to North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep-water formation. In return, the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> inflow is considered a sink of less saline water for the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. However, while the history of MOW is the focus of numerous studies, the Pliocene <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> inflow has received little attention so far. The present study provides an assessment of the Mediterranean-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> exchange with a focus on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> inflow strength and its response to regional and global climate from 3.33 to 2.60 Ma. This time interval comprises the mid-Pliocene warm <span class="hlt">period</span> (MPWP; 3.29-2.97 Ma) and the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). For this purpose, gradients in surface δ18O records of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber between the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole U1389E (Gulf of Cádiz) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 978A (Alboran Sea) have been evaluated. Interglacial stages and warm glacials of the MPWP revealed steep and reversed (relative to the present) W-E δ18O gradients suggesting a weakening of Mediterranean-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> exchange likely caused by high levels of relative humidity in the Mediterranean region. In contrast, <span class="hlt">periods</span> of stronger inflow are indicated by flat δ18O gradients due to more intense arid conditions during the severe glacial Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2 and the initiation of NHG (MIS G22, G14, G6-104). Intensified Mediterranean-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> exchange in cold <span class="hlt">periods</span> is linked to the occurrence of ice-rafted debris (IRD) at low latitudes and a weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Our results thus suggest the development of a negative feedback between AMOC and exchange rates at the Strait of Gibraltar in the latest Pliocene as it has been proposed for the late Quaternary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1611667P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1611667P"><span>Role of tropical Indian and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oceans variability on ENSO</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Prodhomme, Chloé; Terray, Pascal; Masson, Sebastien; Boschat, Ghyslaine</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>There are strong evidences of an interaction between tropical Indian, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific Oceans. Nevertheless, these interactions remain deeply controversial. While some authors claim the tropical Indian and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oceans only play a passive role with respect to ENSO, others suggest a driving role for these two basins on ENSO. The mecanisms underlying these relations are not fully understood and, in the Indian Ocean, the possible role of both modes of tropical variability (the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOB)) remain unclear. To better quantify and understand how the variability of the tropical Indian and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oceans impact ENSO variability, we performed two sensitivity experiments using the SINTEX-F2 coupled model. For each experiment, we suppressed the variability of SST and the air-sea coupling in either the tropical Indian Ocean or tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean by applying a strong nudging of the SST to the observed SST climatology. In both experiments, the ENSO <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> increases. In the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> experiment, our understanding of this increased <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> is drastically limited by the strongly biased mean state in this region. Conversely, in the Indian Ocean experiment, the increase of ENSO <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> is related to the absence of the IOB following the El Niño peak, which leads to a decrease of westerly winds in the western Pacific during late winter and spring after the peak. These weaker westerlies hinders the transition to a La Niña phase and thus increase the duration and <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> of the event.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPP43D..04T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPP43D..04T"><span>Changes in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 Burial Trump the Biological Pump</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Toggweiler, J.; Dunne, J. P.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p> hot spots can also move from place to place in response to changes in circulation. The main hot spots today are the eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and southern Indian; the main hot spot during the last glacial was the equatorial Pacific. Renewed deep-water formation in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> at the end of the last ice age shifted the locus of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 burial back to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and southern Indian and led to a huge drawdown in global alkalinity, which is ongoing today and accounts for most of the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PalOc..30.1425P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PalOc..30.1425P"><span>Tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subsurface warming events as a fingerprint for AMOC variability during Marine Isotope Stage 3</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Parker, Andrew O.; Schmidt, Matthew W.; Chang, Ping</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>The role of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as the driver of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) variability that characterized Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) has long been hypothesized. Although there is ample proxy evidence suggesting that DO events were robust features of glacial climate, there is little data supporting a link with AMOC. Recently, modeling studies and subsurface temperature reconstructions have suggested that subsurface warming across the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> can be used to fingerprint a weakened AMOC during the deglacial because a reduction in the strength of the western boundary current allows warm salinity maximum water of the subtropical gyre to enter the deep tropics. To determine if AMOC variability played a role during the DO cycles of MIS 3, we present new, high-resolution Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18O records spanning 24-52 kyr from the near-surface dwelling planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber and the lower thermocline dwelling planktonic foraminifera Globorotalia truncatulinoides in Southern Caribbean core VM12-107 (11.33°N, 66.63°W, 1079 m depth). Our subsurface Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> record reveals abrupt increases in Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios (the largest equal to a 4°C warming) during the interstadial-stadial transition of most DO events during this <span class="hlt">period</span>. This change is consistent with reconstructions of subsurface warming events associated with cold events across the deglacial using the same core. Additionally, our data support the conclusion reached by a recently published study from the Florida Straits that AMOC did not undergo significant reductions during Heinrich events 2 and 3. This record presents some of the first high-resolution marine sediment derived evidence for variable AMOC during MIS 3.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70180017','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70180017"><span>Fidelity of the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> proxy in recording ocean temperature in the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coral Siderastrea siderea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Roberts, Kelsey E.; Flannery, Jennifer A.; Morrison, Jennifer M.; Richey, Julie</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Massive corals provide a useful archive of environmental variability, but careful testing of geochemical proxies in corals is necessary to validate the relationship between each proxy and environmental parameter throughout the full range of conditions experienced by the recording organisms. Here we use samples from a coral-growth study to test the hypothesis that Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in the coral Siderastrea siderea accurately records sea-surface temperature (SST) in the subtropics (Florida, USA) along 350 km of reef tract. We test calcification rate, measured via buoyant weight, and linear extension (LE) rate, estimated with Alizarin Red-S staining, as predictors of variance in the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records of 39 individual S. siderea corals grown at four outer-reef locations next to in-situ temperature loggers during two, year-long <span class="hlt">periods</span>. We found that corals with calcification rates < 1.7 mg cm−2 d−1 or < 1.7 mm yr−1 LE returned spuriously high Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values, leading to a cold-bias in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based SST estimates. The threshold-type response curves suggest that extension rate can be used as a quality-control indicator during sample and drill-path selection when using long cores for SST paleoreconstruction. For our corals that passed this quality control step, the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST proxy performed well in estimating mean annual temperature across three sites spanning 350 km of the Florida reef tract. However, there was some evidence that extreme temperature stress in 2010 (cold snap) and 2011 (SST above coral-bleaching threshold) may have caused the corals not to record the temperature extremes. Known stress events could be avoided during modern calibrations of paleoproxies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP53D..05K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP53D..05K"><span>Testing the fidelity of the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> proxy in recording ocean temperature in a western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coral</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuffner, I. B.; Roberts, K.; Flannery, J. A.; Richey, J. N.; Morrison, J. M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Massive corals provide a useful archive of environmental variability, but careful testing of geochemical proxies in corals is necessary to validate the relationship between each proxy and environmental parameter throughout the full range of conditions experienced by the recording organisms. Here we use samples from a field-based coral-growth study to test the hypothesis that Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in the coral Siderastrea siderea accurately records sea-surface temperature (SST) in the subtropics (Florida, USA) along 350 km of reef tract. We test calcification rate, measured via buoyant weight, and linear extension (LE) rate, estimated with Alizarin Red-S staining, as predictors of variance in the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records of 39 individual S. siderea corals grown at four outer-reef locations next to in-situ temperature loggers during two, year-long <span class="hlt">periods</span>. We found that corals with calcification rates less than 1.7 mg cm-2 d-1 or LE rates less than 1.7 mm yr-1 returned spuriously high Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values, leading to a cold bias in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based SST estimates. The threshold-type response curves suggest that LE rate can be used as a quality-control indicator during sample and microdrill-path selection when using long cores for SST paleoreconstruction. For our corals that passed this quality control step, the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST proxy performed well in estimating mean annual SST across three sites spanning 350 km of the Florida reef tract. However, there was some evidence that extreme temperature stress in 2010 (cold snap) and 2011 (SST above coral-bleaching threshold) may have caused the corals not to record the temperature extremes. Known stress events could be avoided during modern calibrations of paleoproxies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4725475','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4725475"><span>Evolution of South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Skinner, Luke C.; Peck, Victoria L.; Kender, Sev; Elderfield, Henry; Waelbroeck, Claire; Hodell, David A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Explanations of the glacial–interglacial variations in atmospheric pCO2 invoke a significant role for the deep ocean in the storage of CO2. Deep-ocean density stratification has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean during glacial times. A wealth of proxy data supports the presence of a “chemical divide” between intermediate and deep water in the glacial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, which indirectly points to an increase in deep-ocean density stratification. However, direct observational evidence of changes in the primary controls of ocean density stratification, i.e., temperature and salinity, remain scarce. Here, we use Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-derived seawater temperature and salinity estimates determined from temperature-corrected δ18O measurements on the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina spp. from deep and intermediate water-depth marine sediment cores to reconstruct the changes in density of sub-Antarctic South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water masses over the last deglaciation (i.e., 22–2 ka before present). We find that a major breakdown in the physical density stratification significantly lags the breakdown of the deep-intermediate chemical divide, as indicated by the chemical tracers of benthic foraminifer δ13C and foraminifer/coral 14C. Our results indicate that chemical destratification likely resulted in the first rise in atmospheric pCO2, whereas the density destratification of the deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> lags the second rise in atmospheric pCO2 during the late deglacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Our findings emphasize that the physical and chemical destratification of the ocean are not as tightly coupled as generally assumed. PMID:26729858</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729858','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729858"><span>Evolution of South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Roberts, Jenny; Gottschalk, Julia; Skinner, Luke C; Peck, Victoria L; Kender, Sev; Elderfield, Henry; Waelbroeck, Claire; Vázquez Riveiros, Natalia; Hodell, David A</p> <p>2016-01-19</p> <p>Explanations of the glacial-interglacial variations in atmospheric pCO2 invoke a significant role for the deep ocean in the storage of CO2. Deep-ocean density stratification has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean during glacial times. A wealth of proxy data supports the presence of a "chemical divide" between intermediate and deep water in the glacial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, which indirectly points to an increase in deep-ocean density stratification. However, direct observational evidence of changes in the primary controls of ocean density stratification, i.e., temperature and salinity, remain scarce. Here, we use Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-derived seawater temperature and salinity estimates determined from temperature-corrected δ(18)O measurements on the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina spp. from deep and intermediate water-depth marine sediment cores to reconstruct the changes in density of sub-Antarctic South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water masses over the last deglaciation (i.e., 22-2 ka before present). We find that a major breakdown in the physical density stratification significantly lags the breakdown of the deep-intermediate chemical divide, as indicated by the chemical tracers of benthic foraminifer δ(13)C and foraminifer/coral (14)C. Our results indicate that chemical destratification likely resulted in the first rise in atmospheric pCO2, whereas the density destratification of the deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> lags the second rise in atmospheric pCO2 during the late deglacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Our findings emphasize that the physical and chemical destratification of the ocean are not as tightly coupled as generally assumed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.3497C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.3497C"><span>Reconstruct the past thermocline circulation in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: calcification depths and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-temperature calibrations for 6 deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cleroux, C.; deMenocal, P.; Arbuszewski, J.; Linsley, B.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The subtropical cells are shallow meridional overturning circulations driven by the atmospheric circulation and the deep thermohaline circulation. They connect the mid-latitude and the tropic, release latten heat to the atmosphere and impact climate on decadal to longer time scale. The upper water column temperature and salinity structures of the ocean reflect this circulation. We present proxies to study these past structures. We performed stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) and trace element ratio measurements on one surface-dwelling (G. ruber)1 and six deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera species (N. dutertrei, G. inflata, G. tumida, G. truncatulinoides, G. hirsuta and G. crassaformis) on 66 coretops spanning from 35°N to 20°S along the Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ridge. Comparison between measured δ18O and predicted δ18O (using water column temperature and seawater δ18O), shows that N. dutertrei, G. tumida, G. hirsuta and G. crassaformis keep the same apparent calcification depth along the transect (respectively: 125m, 150m, 700m and 800m). Calcification at two depth levels was also tested. For the six deep-dwelling species, we establish Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-temperature calibrations with both atlas temperature at the calcification depth and isotopic temperature. We present Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-temperature equations for species previously very poorly calibrated. The δ18O and temperature (Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> derived) on the six planktonic foraminifera species faithfully reproduce the modern water column structure of the upper 800 m depth, establishing promising proxies for past subsurface reconstruction. 1 Arbuszewski, J. J., P. B. deMenocal, A. Kaplan, and C. E. Farmer (2010), On the fidelity of shell-derived δ18Oseawater estimates, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 300(3-4), 185-196.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997E%26PSL.150..205D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997E%26PSL.150..205D"><span>Age of Jurassic continental tholeiites of French Guyana, Surinam and Guinea: Implications for the initial opening of the Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deckart, Katja; Féraud, Gilbert; Bertrand, Hervé</p> <p>1997-08-01</p> <p>A detailed 40Ar/39Ar study, of mineral separates from the Jurassic <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Continental Tholeiites (JACT) of Guyana (French Guyana and Surinam, South America), and Guinea (West Africa) related to the initial opening of the Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, has been carried out. In French Guyana, plateau ages of 196.0 ± 5.7 Ma and 196.1 ± 7.5 Ma were obtained on single, small amphibole grains from NNW—SSE trending dykes. In Guinea, single biotite grains from intrusive formations from the Kakoulima and Fouta Djalon areas yielded plateau ages of 200.4 ± 0.2 Ma and 194.8 ± 0.5 Ma, concordant with high temperature apparent ages on other biotites. The bulk plagioclase samples display disturbed age spectra due to alteration and excess argon. However, intermediate temperature, weighted mean plagioclase ages are similar in both regions of Guyana and Guinea, ranging from 200.2 ± 2.4 Ma to 188.7 ± 1.9 Ma, partly in agreement with the amphibole and biotite data. These data, combined with previous 40Ar/39Ar and U/Pb results from the northern part of the Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margins, indicate intense magmatic activity distributed over a large area from Iberia to Liberia (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 4500 km long) for a short <span class="hlt">period</span> of time (204-195 Ma, perhaps less for the bulk of the magmatism) during the initial break-up of Pangea continent. These data do not support an initiation of the magmatism from a radial volcano-tectonic system centred in the south of the region, as suggested by May [1], and the initial break-up seems to affect the whole Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 9 Ma.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142537"><span>Trepanation in South-Central Peru during the early late intermediate <span class="hlt">period</span> (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. AD 1000-1250).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kurin, Danielle S</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>This study evaluates trepanations from five well-contextualized prehistoric sites in the south-central highlands of Andahuaylas, Peru. The emergence of trepanation in this region coincides with the collapse of the Wari Empire, <span class="hlt">ca</span>. ad 1000. Thirty-two individuals from Andahuaylas, AMS radiocarbon dated to the early Late Intermediate <span class="hlt">Period</span> (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. ad 1000-1250), were found to have 45 total trepanations. Various surgical techniques were being employed concurrently throughout the region. Scraping trepanations evinced the highest survival rate; circular grooving, drilling and boring, and linear cutting were far less successful. Evidence of perioperative procedures like hair shaving, poultice application, and possible cranioplasty use aimed to ensure the survival of a trepanation recipient. Postmortem trepanations, also present in Andahuaylas, were likely executed on corpses as a means of better understanding cranial anatomy and improving techniques. Similarities in trepanation patterns throughout the region attest to common motivations to engage in surgery. Although moderate physical head trauma seems to be the impetus for intervention in many cases of trepanation, other motivations included physiological and possibly psychosomatic factors. Nevertheless, treatment was not for everyone. In Andahuaylas, trepanations were withheld from subadults, females, and those individuals who practiced cranial modification. Copyright © 2013 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-03-21/pdf/2011-6563.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-03-21/pdf/2011-6563.pdf"><span>76 FR 15276 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quotas and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tuna Fisheries...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-03-21</p> <p>.... 110210132-1133-01] RIN 0648-BA65 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quotas and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tuna Fisheries Management Measures; Correction AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... 14, 2011, NMFS published a proposed rule to modify <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (BFT) base quotas for all...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMGC42B..01C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMGC42B..01C"><span>The role of clouds in driving North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multi-decadal climate variability in observations and models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Clement, A. C.; Bellomo, K.; Murphy, L.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Large scale warming and cooling <span class="hlt">periods</span> of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is known as the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The pattern of warming and cooling in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean over the 20th century that has a characteristic spatial structure with maximum warming in the mid-latitudes and subtropics. This has been most often attributed to changes in the strength of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which in turn affects poleward heat transport. A recent modeling study by Booth et al. (2012), however, suggested that aerosols can explain both the spatial pattern and temporal history of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST through indirect effects of aerosols on cloud cover; although this idea is controversial (Zhang et al., 2013). We have found observational evidence that changes in cloud amount can drive SST changes on multi-decadal timescale. We hypothesize that a positive local feedback between SST and cloud radiative effect amplifies SST and gives rise to the observed pattern of SST change. During cool North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> <span class="hlt">periods</span>, a southward shift of the ITCZ strengthens the trade winds in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and increases low-level cloud cover, which acts to amplify the SST cooling in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. During warm <span class="hlt">periods</span> in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the opposite response occurs. We are testing whether the amplitude of this feedback is realistically simulated in the CMIP5 models, and whether inter-model differences in the amplitude of the feedback can explain differences in model simulations of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multi-decadal variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2718Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2718Z"><span>Response of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean Chlorophyll a to the Change of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Min; Zhang, Yuanling; Shu, Qi; Zhao, Chang; Wang, Gang; Wu, Zhaohua; Qiao, Fangli</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Changes in marine phytoplankton are a vital component in global carbon cycling. Despite this far-reaching importance, the variable trend in phytoplankton and its response to climate variability remain unclear. This work presents the spatiotemporal evolution of the chlorophyll a trend in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean by using merged ocean color products for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1997-2016. We find a dipole pattern between the subpolar gyre and the Gulf Stream path,and chlorophyll a trend signal propagatedalong the opposite direction of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current. Such a dipole pattern and opposite propagation of chlorophyll a signal are consistent with the recent distinctive signature of the slowdown of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> MeridionalOverturning Circulation (AMOC). It is suggested that the spatiotemporal evolution of chlorophyll a during the two most recent decades is a part of the multidecadal variation and regulated byAMOC, which could be used as an indicator of AMOC variations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3869012','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3869012"><span>Physiologic and metagenomic attributes of the rhodoliths forming the largest <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 bed in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cavalcanti, Giselle S; Gregoracci, Gustavo B; dos Santos, Eidy O; Silveira, Cynthia B; Meirelles, Pedro M; Longo, Leila; Gotoh, Kazuyoshi; Nakamura, Shota; Iida, Tetsuya; Sawabe, Tomoo; Rezende, Carlos E; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B; Moura, Rodrigo L; Amado-Filho, Gilberto M; Thompson, Fabiano L</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Rhodoliths are free-living coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) that are ecologically important for the functioning of marine environments. They form extensive beds distributed worldwide, providing a habitat and nursery for benthic organisms and space for fisheries, and are an important source of calcium carbonate. The Abrolhos Bank, off eastern Brazil, harbors the world's largest continuous rhodolith bed (of ∼21 000 km2) and has one of the largest marine <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 deposits (producing 25 megatons of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 per year). Nevertheless, there is a lack of information about the microbial diversity, photosynthetic potential and ecological interactions within the rhodolith holobiont. Herein, we performed an ecophysiologic and metagenomic analysis of the Abrolhos rhodoliths to understand their microbial composition and functional components. Rhodoliths contained a specific microbiome that displayed a significant enrichment in aerobic ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacteria. We also observed a significant contribution of bacterial guilds (that is, photolithoautotrophs, anaerobic heterotrophs, sulfide oxidizers, anoxygenic phototrophs and methanogens) in the rhodolith metagenome, suggested to have important roles in biomineralization. The increased hits in aromatic compounds, fatty acid and secondary metabolism subsystems hint at an important chemically mediated interaction in which a functional job partition among eukaryal, archaeal and bacterial groups allows the rhodolith holobiont to thrive in the global ocean. High rates of photosynthesis were measured for Abrolhos rhodoliths (52.16 μmol carbon m−2 s−1), allowing the entire Abrolhos rhodolith bed to produce 5.65 × 105 tons C per day. This estimate illustrates the great importance of the Abrolhos rhodolith beds for dissolved carbon production in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. PMID:23985749</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CliPa..13..333R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CliPa..13..333R"><span>Holocene evolution of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subsurface transport</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Repschläger, Janne; Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter; Weinelt, Mara; Schneider, Ralph</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Previous studies suggested that short-term freshening events in the subpolar gyre can be counterbalanced by advection of saline waters from the subtropical gyre and thus stabilize the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, little is known about the inter-gyre transport pathways. Here, we infer changes in surface and subsurface transport between the subtropical and polar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the last 11 000 years, by combining new temperature and salinity reconstructions obtained from combined δ18O and Mg / <span class="hlt">Ca</span> measurements on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera with published foraminiferal abundance data from the subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and with salinity and temperature data from the tropical and subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. This compilation implies an overall stable subtropical warm surface water transport since 10 ka BP. In contrast, subsurface warm water transport started at about 8 ka but still with subsurface heat storage in the subtropical gyre. The full strength of intergyre exchange was probably reached only after the onset of northward transport of warm saline subsurface waters at about 7 ka BP, associated with the onset of the modern AMOC mode. A critical evaluation of different potential forcing mechanisms leads to the assumption that freshwater supply from the Laurentide Ice Sheet was the main control on subtropical to subpolar ocean transport at surface and subsurface levels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4682045','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4682045"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multi-decadal oscillation covaries with Agulhas leakage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Biastoch, Arne; Durgadoo, Jonathan V.; Morrison, Adele K.; van Sebille, Erik; Weijer, Wilbert; Griffies, Stephen M.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The interoceanic transfer of seawater between the Indian Ocean and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, ‘Agulhas leakage', forms a choke point for the overturning circulation in the global ocean. Here, by combining output from a series of high-resolution ocean and climate models with in situ and satellite observations, we construct a time series of Agulhas leakage for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1870–2014. The time series demonstrates the impact of Southern Hemisphere westerlies on decadal timescales. Agulhas leakage shows a correlation with the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multi-decadal Oscillation on multi-decadal timescales; the former leading by 15 years. This is relevant for climate in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. PMID:26656850</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1259279-atlantic-multi-decadal-oscillation-covaries-agulhas-leakage','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1259279-atlantic-multi-decadal-oscillation-covaries-agulhas-leakage"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multi-decadal oscillation covaries with Agulhas leakage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Biastoch, Arne; Durgadoo, Jonathan V.; Morrison, Adele K.; ...</p> <p>2015-12-10</p> <p>The interoceanic transfer of seawater between the Indian Ocean and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, ‘Agulhas leakage’, forms a choke point for the overturning circulation in the global ocean. Here, by combining output from a series of high-resolution ocean and climate models with in situ and satellite observations, we construct a time series of Agulhas leakage for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1870–2014. The time series demonstrates the impact of Southern Hemisphere westerlies on decadal timescales. Agulhas leakage shows a correlation with the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multi-decadal Oscillation on multi-decadal timescales; the former leading by 15 years. Lastly, this is relevant for climate in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP22A..04K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP22A..04K"><span>Northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate since late Medieval times from Northern Caribbean coral geochemistry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kilbourne, K. H.; Xu, Y.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Paleoclimate reconstructions of different global climate modes over the last 1000 years provide the basis for testing the relative roles of forced and unforced variability climate system, which can help us improve projections of future climate change. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) has been characterized by a combination of persistent La Niña-like conditions, a positive North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (+NAO), and increased <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is sensitive to each of these climate patterns, but not all of them have the same regional fingerprint in the modern northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The relative influence of different processes related to these climate patterns can help us better understand regional responses to climate change. The regional response of the northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is important because the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is a large source of heat and moisture to the global climate system that can feedback onto global climate patterns. This study presents new coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18O data from the northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (Anegada, British Virgin Islands). Comparison of the sub-fossil corals that grew during the 13th and 14th Centuries with modern coral geochemical data from this site indicates relatively cooler mean conditions with a decrease in the oxygen isotopic composition of the water consistent with lower salinities. Similar average annual cycles between modern and sub-fossil Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> indicate no change in seasonal temperature range, but a difference in the relative phasing of the δ18O seasonal cycles indicates that the fresher mean conditions may be due to a more northerly position of the regional salinity front. This localized response is consistent with some, but not all of the expected regional responses to a La Niña-like state, a +NAO state, and increased AMOC. Understanding these differences can provide insight into the relative importance of advection versus surface fluxes for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242468','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242468"><span>Interhemispheric <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> seesaw response during the last deglaciation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barker, Stephen; Diz, Paula; Vautravers, Maryline J; Pike, Jennifer; Knorr, Gregor; Hall, Ian R; Broecker, Wallace S</p> <p>2009-02-26</p> <p>The asynchronous relationship between millennial-scale temperature changes over Greenland and Antarctica during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> has led to the notion of a bipolar seesaw which acts to redistribute heat depending on the state of meridional overturning circulation within the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Here we present new records from the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> that show rapid changes during the last deglaciation that were instantaneous (within dating uncertainty) and of opposite sign to those observed in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Our results demonstrate a direct link between the abrupt changes associated with variations in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation and the more gradual adjustments characteristic of the Southern Ocean. These results emphasize the importance of the Southern Ocean for the development and transmission of millennial-scale climate variability and highlight its role in deglacial climate change and the associated rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2596182','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2596182"><span>Ice-age survival of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod: agreement between palaeoecology models and genetics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bigg, Grant R; Cunningham, Clifford W; Ottersen, Geir; Pogson, Grant H; Wadley, Martin R; Williamson, Phillip</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Scant scientific attention has been given to the abundance and distribution of marine biota in the face of the lower sea level, and steeper latitudinal gradient in climate, during the ice-age conditions that have dominated the past million years. Here we examine the glacial persistence of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod (Gadus morhua) populations using two ecological-niche-models (ENM) and the first broad synthesis of multi-locus gene sequence data for this species. One ENM uses a maximum entropy approach (Maxent); the other is a new ENM for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod, using ecophysiological parameters based on observed reproductive events rather than adult distribution. Both the ENMs were tested for present-day conditions, then used to hindcast ranges at the last glacial maximum (LGM) <span class="hlt">ca</span> 21 kyr ago, employing climate model data. Although the LGM range of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod was much smaller, and fragmented, both the ENMs agreed that populations should have been able to persist in suitable habitat on both sides of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The genetic results showed a degree of trans-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> divergence consistent with genealogically continuous populations on both sides of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> since long before the LGM, confirming the ENM results. In contrast, both the ENMs and the genetic data suggest that the Greenland G. morhua population post-dates the LGM. PMID:17999951</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JCli...11.2351M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JCli...11.2351M"><span>Variability of the Tropical Ocean Surface Temperatures at Decadal-Multidecadal Timescales. Part I: The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mehta, Vikram M.</p> <p>1998-09-01</p> <p>Gridded time series from the Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas were analyzed with a variety of techniques to identify spatial structures and oscillation <span class="hlt">periods</span> of the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature (SST) variations at decadal timescales, and to develop physical interpretations of statistical patterns of decadal SST variations. Each time series was 110 yr (1882-1991) long. The tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST variations were compared with decadal variations in a 74-yr-long (1912-85) north Nordeste Brazil rainfall time series and a 106-yr-long (1886-1991) tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cyclone activity index time series. The tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST variations were also compared with decadal variations in the extratropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST.Multiyear to multidecadal variations in the cross-equatorial dipole pattern identified as a dominant empirical pattern of the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST variations in earlier and present studies are shown to be variations in the approximately north-south gradient of SST anomalies. It is also shown that there was no dynamical-thermodynamical, dipole mode of SST variations during the analysis <span class="hlt">period</span>. There was a distinct decadal timescale (12-13 yr) of SST variations in the tropical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, whereas no distinct decadal timescale was found in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST variations. Approximately 80% of the coherent decadal variance in the cross-equatorial SST gradient was `explained' by coherent decadal oscillations in the tropical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs. There were three, possibly physical, modes of decadal variations in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs during the analysis <span class="hlt">period</span>. In the more energetic mode of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> decadal SST variations, anomalies traveled into the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> from the extratropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> along the eastern boundary of the basin. The anomalies strengthened and resided in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> for several years, then frequently traveled northward into the mid-high-latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> along</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70178534','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70178534"><span>Multi-species coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based sea-surface temperature reconstruction using Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea from the Florida Straits</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Flannery, Jennifer A.; Richey, Julie N.; Thirumalai, Kaustubh; Poore, Richard Z.; DeLong, Kristine L.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>We present new, monthly-resolved Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based sea-surface temperature (SST) records from two species of massive coral, Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea, from the Dry Tortugas National Park, FL, USA (DTNP). We combine these new records with published data from three additional S. siderea coral colonies to generate a 278-year long multi-species stacked Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST record from DTNP. The composite record of mean annual Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST at DTNP shows pronounced decadal-scale variability with a range of 1 to 2°C. Notable cool intervals in the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-derived SST lasting about a decade centered at ~1845, ~1935, and ~1965 are associated with reduced summer Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST (monthly maxima < 29°C), and imply a reduction in the spatial extent of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Warm Pool (AWP). There is significant coherence between the composite DTNP Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST record and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index, with the AMO lagging Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST at DTNP by 9 years. Low frequency variability in the Gulf Stream surface transport, which originates near DTNP, may provide a link for the lagged relationship between multidecadal variability at DTNP and the AMO.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6101973-species-profiles-life-histories-environmental-requirements-coastal-fishes-invertebrates-south-atlantic-atlantic-sturgeon','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6101973-species-profiles-life-histories-environmental-requirements-coastal-fishes-invertebrates-south-atlantic-atlantic-sturgeon"><span>Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>) - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Van Den Avyle, M.J.</p> <p>1984-07-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus, is an anadromous species that occupies rivers, estuaries, and nearshore waters along the entire <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast of the United States. The species once supported significant commercial fisheries throughout its range, but stocks have declined because of overfishing, deterioration of water quality, and damming of rivers. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon spawn in rivers and the young remain in freshwater for several years prior to emigration to the ocean. Little is known about spawning areas and associated environmental factors. Females typically do not mature until age X and the age at first spawning ranges from 5 to 13more » years for males and 7 to 19 years for females. Longevity may frequently exceed 25 years. Immature and adult sturgeons are bottom feeders and consume a variety of mollusks, crustaceans, worms, and other small bottom-dwelling invertebrates and fishes. Little is know about competitors, predators, or effects of environmental factors on recruitment. The long <span class="hlt">period</span> required to reach maturity, possibly irregular spawning thereafter, and prolonged reliance on river systems make juvenile and adult <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon highly susceptible to habitat alterations, pollution, and over exploitation. 49 references, 2 figures, 4 tables.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009DSRII..56.2087D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009DSRII..56.2087D"><span>Comparison of the response of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod ( Gadus morhua) in the high-latitude regions of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the warm <span class="hlt">periods</span> of the 1920s-1960s and the 1990s-2000s</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drinkwater, Ken</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>Concern about future anthropogenic warming has lead to demands for information on what might happen to fish and fisheries under various climate-change scenarios. One suggestion has been to use past events as a proxy for what will happen in the future. In this paper a comparison between the responses of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod ( Gadus morhua) to two major warm <span class="hlt">periods</span> in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the 20th century is carried out to determine how reliable the past might be as a predictor of the future. The first warm <span class="hlt">period</span> began during the 1920s, remained relatively warm through the 1960s, and was limited primarily to the northern regions (>60°N). The second warm <span class="hlt">period</span>, which again covered the northern regions but also extended farther south (30°N), began in the 1990s and has continued into the present century. During the earlier warm <span class="hlt">period</span>, the most northern of the cod stocks (West Greenland, Icelandic, and Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea) increased in abundance, individual growth was high, recruitment was strong, and their distribution spread northward. Available plankton data suggest that these cod responses were driven by bottom-up processes. Fishing pressure increased during this <span class="hlt">period</span> of high cod abundance and the northern cod stocks began to decline, as early as the 1950s in the Barents Sea but during the 1960s elsewhere. Individual growth declined as temperatures cooled and the cod distributions retracted southward. During the warming in the 1990s, the spawning stock biomass of cod in the Barents Sea again increased, recruitment rose, and the stock spread northward, but the individual growth did not improve significantly. Cod off West Greenland also have shown signs of improving recruitment and increasing biomass, albeit they are still very low in comparison to the earlier warming <span class="hlt">period</span>. The abundance of Icelandic cod, on the other hand, has remained low through the recent warm <span class="hlt">period</span> and spawning stock biomass and total biomass are at levels near the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GPC...154...61H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GPC...154...61H"><span>The influences of the AMO and NAO on the sedimentary infill in an Azores Archipelago lake since <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1350 CE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hernández, Armand; Sáez, Alberto; Bao, Roberto; Raposeiro, Pedro M.; Trigo, Ricardo M.; Doolittle, Sara; Masqué, Pere; Rull, Valentí; Gonçalves, Vítor; Vázquez-Loureiro, David; Rubio-Inglés, María J.; Sánchez-López, Guiomar; Giralt, Santiago</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The location of the Azores Archipelago in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> makes this group of islands an excellent setting to study the long-term behavior of large oceanic and atmospheric climate dynamic patterns, such as the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). Here, we present the impacts of these patterns on Lake Empadadas (Azores Archipelago) from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) - Little Ice Age (LIA) transition to the present based on sedimentological, geochemical and biological characterizations of the sedimentary record. Multivariate analyses of a number of proxies including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), total organic and inorganic carbon (TOC and TIC) and diatom life forms abundance reveal that the sedimentary infill evolution has been controlled by (i) fluctuations in the lake level and (ii) variations in organic matter accumulation. Both processes are governed by climate variability and modulated by anthropogenic activities associated with changes on the lake catchment. Changes in these two sedimentary processes have been used to infer five stages: (i) the MCA-LIA transition (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1350-1450 CE) was characterized by a predominantly positive AMO phase, which led to intermediate lake levels and high organic matter concentration; (ii) the first half of the LIA (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1450-1600 CE) was characterized by predominant lowstand conditions and intermediate organic matter deposition mainly related to negative AMO phases; (iii) the second half of the LIA (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1600-1850 CE) was characterized by negative AMO and NAO phases, implying intermediate lake levels and high organic matter deposition; (iv) the Industrial era (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1850-1980 CE) was characterized by the lowest lake level and organic matter accumulation associated with negative AMO phases; and (v) the <span class="hlt">period</span> spanning between 1980 CE and the present reveals the highest lake levels and low organic matter deposition, being associated with very positive AMO</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-02/pdf/2010-13204.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-02/pdf/2010-13204.pdf"><span>75 FR 30730 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-02</p> <p>...-XW54 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries AGENCY: National Marine... <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tunas General category daily <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (BFT) retention limit should be adjusted for... criteria regarding inseason adjustments. This action applies to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tunas General category permitted...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150019489','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150019489"><span>Mid-Pliocene <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation Not Unlike Modern</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Z.-S.; Nisancioglu, K. H.; Chandler, M. A.; Haywood, A. M.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Ramstein, G.; Stepanek, C.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Chan, W. -L.; Sohl, L. E.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), eight state-of-the-art coupled climate models have simulated the mid-Pliocene warm <span class="hlt">period</span> (mPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 Ma). Here, we compare the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), northward ocean heat transport and ocean stratification simulated with these models. None of the models participating in PlioMIP simulates a strong mid-Pliocene AMOC as suggested by earlier proxy studies. Rather, there is no consistent increase in AMOC maximum among the PlioMIP models. The only consistent change in AMOC is a shoaling of the overturning cell in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and a reduced influence of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW) at depth in the basin. Furthermore, the simulated mid-Pliocene <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> northward heat transport is similar to the pre-industrial. These simulations demonstrate that the reconstructed high-latitude mid-Pliocene warming can not be explained as a direct response to an intensification of AMOC and concomitant increase in northward ocean heat transport by the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24567051','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24567051"><span>Evidence for external forcing of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation since termination of the Little Ice Age.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Knudsen, Mads Faurschou; Jacobsen, Bo Holm; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig; Olsen, Jesper</p> <p>2014-02-25</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) represents a significant driver of Northern Hemisphere climate, but the forcing mechanisms pacing the AMO remain poorly understood. Here we use the available proxy records to investigate the influence of solar and volcanic forcing on the AMO over the last ~450 years. The evidence suggests that external forcing played a dominant role in pacing the AMO after termination of the Little Ice Age (LIA; <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1400-1800), with an instantaneous impact on mid-latitude sea-surface temperatures that spread across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> over the ensuing ~5 years. In contrast, the role of external forcing was more ambiguous during the LIA. Our study further suggests that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation is important for linking external forcing with North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea-surface temperatures, a conjecture that reconciles two opposing theories concerning the origin of the AMO.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP53A2376C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP53A2376C"><span>Late Quaternary carbonate accumulation along eastern South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Crabill, K.; Slowey, N. C.; Foreman, A. D.; Charles, C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Water masses originating from both the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and the Southern Ocean intersect the Walvis Ridge and Namibian margin of southwest Africa. Changes in the distribution and properties of these water masses through time are reflected by variations in the nature of the sediments accumulating along this margin. A suite of piston and gravity cores that possess sediment records corresponding to the most recent glacial-interglacial cycles were collected from the water depth range of 550 to 3700 meters. Sediment dry bulk density, XRF analyses and the concentration of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 were precisely determined at regular depth intervals in these cores. Foraminiferal δ18O along with XRF Fe/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data provide an age-depth model for key cores. The age-depth model and dry bulk density will be used with the calcium carbonate contents to calculate the accumulation rates of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 during each MIS 1-5e. The spatial and temporal variability in both the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 content and the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 mass accumulation rates along the Namibian continental slope will be described. Based on comparisons of these two parameters, inferences will be made about how variations of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 production, dilution of by non-<span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 sediment components, and dissolution of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 due to changes in ocean circulation/climate have occurred during intervals of the last glacial-interglacial cycle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMIN31F..08L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMIN31F..08L"><span>Increasing magnitude of Hurricane Rapid Intensification in the central-eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> over the past 30 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Leung, L. R.; Balaguru, K.; Foltz, G. R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>During the 2017 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane season, several hurricanes underwent rapid intensification (RI) in the central-eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. This motivates an analysis of trends in the strength of hurricane RI during the 30-year post-satellite <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1986-2015. Our results show that in the eastern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, to the east of 60W, the mean RI magnitude averaged during 2001-2015 was 3.8 kt per 24 hr higher than during 1986-2000. However, in the western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, to the west of 60W, changes in RI magnitude over the same <span class="hlt">period</span> were not statistically significant. We examined the large-scale environment to understand the causes behind these changes in RI magnitude and found that various oceanic and atmospheric parameters that play an important role in RI changed favorably in the eastern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. More specifically, changes in SST, Potential Intensity, upper-ocean heat content, wind shear, relative humidity and upper-level divergence enhanced the ability for hurricanes to undergo RI in the eastern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. In contrast, changes in the same factors are inconsistent in the western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. While changes in SST and Potential Intensity were positive, changes in upper-ocean heat content, wind shear and upper-level divergence were either insignificant or unfavorable for RI. Finally, we examined the potential role of various climate phenomena, which are well-known to impact <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane activity, in causing the changes in the large-scale environment. Our analysis reveals that changes in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation over the 30-year <span class="hlt">period</span> are predominantly responsible. These results provide important aspects of the large-scale context to understand the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane season of 2017.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1052K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1052K"><span>Reconstruction of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> end-member of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation over glacial-interglacial cycles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, J.; Seguí, M. J.; Knudson, K. P.; Yehudai, M.; Goldstein, S. L.; Pena, L. D.; Basak, C.; Ferretti, P.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW) represents the major water mass that drives the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Ocean Circulation (AMOC), which undergoes substantial reorganization with changing climate. In order to understand its impact on ocean circulation and climate through time, it is necessary to constrain its composition. We report Nd isotope ratios of Fe-Mn oxide encrusted foraminifera and fish debris from DSDP Site 607 (41.00N 32.96W, 3427m), in the present-day core of NADW, and ODP 1063 (33.68N 57.62W, 4585m), on the deep abyssal plain at the interface between NADW and Antarctic Bottom Water. We provide a new North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> paleocirculation record covering 2 Ma. At Site 607 interglacial ɛNd-values are consistently similar to present-day NADW (ɛNd -13.5), with median ɛNd-values of -14.3 in the Early Pleistocene and -13.8 in the Late Pleistocene. Glacial ɛNd-values are higher by 1 ɛNd-unit in the Early Pleistocene, and 1.5-2 ɛNd-units in the Late Pleistocene. Site 1063 shows much greater variability, with ɛNd ranging from -10 to -26. We interpret the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> AMOC source as represented by the Site 607 interglacial ɛNd-values, which has remained nearly stable throughout the entire <span class="hlt">period</span>. The higher glacial ɛNd-values reflect incursions of some southern-sourced waters to Site 607, which is supported by coeval shifts to lower benthic foraminiferal d13C. In contrast, the Site 1063 ɛNd-values do not appear to reflect the AMOC end-member, and likely reflects local effects from a bottom source. A <span class="hlt">period</span> of greatly disrupted ocean circulation marks 950-850 Ma, which may have been triggered by enhanced ice growth in the Northern Hemisphere that began around 1.2 Ma, as suggested by possible input events of Nd from the surrounding cratons into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> observed in Site 607. Interglacial AMOC only recovers to the previously observed vigor over 200 ka following the disruption, whereas further intensified SSW incursion into the deep North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> come to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP23A1823W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP23A1823W"><span>A Tropical View of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal SST Variability over the Last Two Millennia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wurtzel, J. B.; Black, D. E.; Thunell, R.; Peterson, L. C.; Tappa, E. J.; Rahman, S.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Instrumental and proxy-reconstructions show the existence of a 60-80 year <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature (SST), known as the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The AMO is correlated with circum-tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate phenomena such as Sahel and Nordeste rainfall, as well as <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane patterns. Though it has been suggested that the AMO is controlled by thermohaline circulation, much debate exists as to whether the SST fluctuations are a result of anthropogenic forcing or natural climate variability. Our ability to address this issue has been limited by instrumental SST records that rarely extend back more than 50-100 years and proxy reconstructions that are largely terrestrial-based. Here we present a high-resolution marine sediment-derived reconstruction of seasonal tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs from the Cariaco Basin spanning the past two millennia that is correlated with instrumental SSTs and the AMO for the <span class="hlt">period</span> of overlap. The full record demonstrates that seasonality is largely controlled by variations in winter/spring SST. Wavelet analysis of the proxy data suggest that variability in the 60-80 year band evolved 250 years ago, while 40-60 year <span class="hlt">periodicities</span> dominate earlier parts of the record. At least over the last millennia, multidecadal- and centennial- scale SST variability in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> appears related to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) fluctuations and its associated northward heat transport that in turn may be driven by solar variability. An inverse correlation between the tropical proxy annual average SST record and Δ14C indicates that the tropics experienced positive SST anomalies during times of reduced solar activity, possibly as a result of decreased AMOC strength (Figure 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS33C..02M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS33C..02M"><span>Pro<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> - The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Checkpoint - Data Availability and Adequacy in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McGrath, F.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>DG MAREs <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Checkpoint is a basin scale wide monitoring system assessment activity based upon targeted end-user applications. It is designed to be a benchmark for the assessment of hydrographic, geological, habitat, climate and fisheries data existence and availability in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin. DG MAREs <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Checkpoint service will be delivered by the Pro<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> project. The objective of this project is to investigate, through appropriate methodologies in the framework of 11 key marine challenges, how current international and national data providers - e.g. EMODNet, Copernicus - meet the requirements of the stakeholders and deliver fit for purpose data. By so doing, the main thematic and geographic gaps will be readily identified in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin for future consideration by DG MARE. For each challenge, specific web products in the form of maps, metadata, spreadsheets and reports will be delivered. These products are not an end by themselves but rather a means of showing whether data were available, let alone accessible. For example, the Fisheries Impact Challenge outputs include data grids (VMS/Seabed) and data adequacy reports. Production of gridded data layers in order to show the extent of fisheries impact on the seafloor involved the identification, acquisition and collation of data sources for the required data types (VMS/Seabed/Habitats Data) in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin. The resulting spatial coverage of these grids indicates the relatively low level of data availability and adequacy across the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin. Aside from the data delivered by programmes such as EMODNet and Copernicus, there are a lot of initiatives by regional bodies such as OSPAR and ICES that consist of assembling and disseminating data to address specific issues. Several international projects have delivered research, data collection, and networking around several of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Checkpoint challenge topics, namely MPAs, renewable energy assessment, seabed mapping, oil spill</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.3089L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.3089L"><span>The subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> - Response to North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oscillation like forcing and Influence on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lohmann, Katja; Drange, Helge; Jungclaus, Johann</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The extent and strength of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subpolar gyre (SPG) changed rapidly in the mid-1990s, going from large and strong in 1995 to substantially weakened in the following years. The abrupt change in the intensity of the SPG is commonly linked to the reversal of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) index, changing from strong positive to negative values, in the winter 1995/96. In this study we investigate the impact of the initial SPG state on its subsequent behavior by means of an ocean general circulation model driven by NCEP-NCAR reanalysis fields. Our sensitivity integrations suggest that the weakening of the SPG cannot be explained by the change in the atmospheric forcing alone. Rather, for the time <span class="hlt">period</span> around 1995, the SPG was about to weaken, irrespective of the actual atmospheric forcing, due to the ocean state governed by the persistently strong positive NAO during the preceding seven years (1989 to 1995). Our analysis indicates that it was this preconditioning of the ocean, in combination with the sudden drop in the NAO in 1995/96, that lead to the strong and rapid weakening of the SPG in the second half of the 1990s. In the second part, the sensitivity of the low-frequency variability of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation to changes in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is investigated using a 2000 year long control integration as well as sensitivity experiments with the MPI-M Earth System Model. Two 1000 year long sensitivity experiments will be performed, in which the low-frequency variability in the overflow transports from the Nordic Seas and in the subpolar deep water formation rates is suppressed respectively. This is achieved by nudging temperature and salinity in the GIN Sea or in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (up to about 1500m depth) towards a monthly climatology obtained from the last 1000 years of the control integration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMPP14C..04W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMPP14C..04W"><span>The timing of deglacial circulation changes in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Waelbroeck, C.; Skinner, L.; Gersonde, R.; Mackensen, A.; Michel, E.; Labeyrie, L. D.; Duplessy, J.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>We present new benthic isotopic data from core MD07-3076 retrieved in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector of the Southern Ocean (44°09’S, 14°13’W, 3770 m water depth), and place them in the context of well-dated published <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> benthic foraminifera isotopic records covering the last 30 ky. Dating of core MD07-3076 was achieved by a combination of 14C AMS measurements on planktonic foraminifera and correlation of sea surface temperature signals derived from both planktonic foraminifera Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and census counts, with Antarctic ice isotopic records (Skinner et al., submitted). Comparison of benthic isotopic records from various depths in the North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> reveals that circulation changes over the last deglaciation did not take place simultaneously in the 1000-2000 m and in the 3000-4500 m depth ranges. Circulation changes first occurred at lower depth, causing large and relatively rapid changes in benthic δ18O and δ13C at the beginning of Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and the Younger Dryas. Below 3000 m depth, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep water hydrology changed only gradually until a large increase in deep water ventilation took place, resulting from the resumption of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water formation at the end of HS1. In contrast, our deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> record indicates that Circumpolar Deep Water around 3800 m depth remained quasi-isolated from northern water masses until the end of HS1. Furthermore, our record shows that core MD07-3076 site was then flushed with better ventilated waters for a few hundred years from ~14.5 to 14 calendar ky BP, before benthic δ18O and δ13C values resumed their progression towards Holocene levels. In conclusion, this set of well-dated <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> records demonstrates that benthic δ18O records followed different time evolutions across the last deglaciation, depending on the site latitude and water depth, so that benthic δ18O can not be used as a global correlation tool with a precision better than 3 ky.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3948066','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3948066"><span>Evidence for external forcing of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation since termination of the Little Ice Age</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Knudsen, Mads Faurschou; Jacobsen, Bo Holm; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig; Olsen, Jesper</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) represents a significant driver of Northern Hemisphere climate, but the forcing mechanisms pacing the AMO remain poorly understood. Here we use the available proxy records to investigate the influence of solar and volcanic forcing on the AMO over the last ~450 years. The evidence suggests that external forcing played a dominant role in pacing the AMO after termination of the Little Ice Age (LIA; <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1400–1800), with an instantaneous impact on mid-latitude sea-surface temperatures that spread across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> over the ensuing ~5 years. In contrast, the role of external forcing was more ambiguous during the LIA. Our study further suggests that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation is important for linking external forcing with North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea-surface temperatures, a conjecture that reconciles two opposing theories concerning the origin of the AMO. PMID:24567051</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PalOc..32..146A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PalOc..32..146A"><span>Twentieth century warming of the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> captured by Sr-U paleothermometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alpert, Alice E.; Cohen, Anne L.; Oppo, Delia W.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.; Gaetani, Glenn A.; Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.; Winter, Amos; Gonneea, Meagan E.</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Coral skeletons are valuable archives of past ocean conditions. However, interpretation of coral paleotemperature records is confounded by uncertainties associated with single-element ratio thermometers, including Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>. A new approach, Sr-U, uses U/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> to constrain the influence of Rayleigh fractionation on Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>. Here we build on the initial Pacific Porites Sr-U calibration to include multiple <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific coral genera from multiple coral reef locations spanning a temperature range of 23.15-30.12°C. Accounting for the wintertime growth cessation of one Bermuda coral, we show that Sr-U is strongly correlated with the average water temperature at each location (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.001, n = 19). We applied the multispecies spatial calibration between Sr-U and temperature to reconstruct a 96 year long temperature record at Mona Island, Puerto Rico, using a coral not included in the calibration. Average Sr-U derived temperature for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1900-1996 is within 0.12°C of the average instrumental temperature at this site and captures the twentieth century warming trend of 0.06°C per decade. Sr-U also captures the timing of multiyear variability but with higher amplitude than implied by the instrumental data. Mean Sr-U temperatures and patterns of multiyear variability were replicated in a second coral in the same grid box. Conversely, Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from the same two corals were inconsistent with each other and failed to capture absolute sea temperatures, timing of multiyear variability, or the twentieth century warming trend. Our results suggest that coral Sr-U paleothermometry is a promising new tool for reconstruction of past ocean temperatures.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008NatGe...1..444C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008NatGe...1..444C"><span>Oceanic link between abrupt changes in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and the African monsoon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chang, Ping; Zhang, Rong; Hazeleger, Wilco; Wen, Caihong; Wan, Xiuquan; Ji, Link; Haarsma, Reindert J.; Breugem, Wim-Paul; Seidel, Howard</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>Abrupt changes in the African monsoon can have pronounced socioeconomic impacts on many West African countries. Evidence for both prolonged humid <span class="hlt">periods</span> and monsoon failures have been identified throughout the late Pleistocene and early Holocene epochs. In particular, drought conditions in West Africa have occurred during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of reduced North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> thermohaline circulation, such as the Younger Dryas cold event. Here, we use an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to examine the link between oceanographic changes in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and changes in the strength of the African monsoon. Our simulations show that when North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> thermohaline circulation is substantially weakened, the flow of the subsurface North Brazil Current reverses. This leads to decreased upper tropical ocean stratification and warmer sea surface temperatures in the equatorial South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, and consequently reduces African summer monsoonal winds and rainfall over West Africa. This mechanism is in agreement with reconstructions of past climate. We therefore suggest that the interaction between thermohaline circulation in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and wind-driven currents in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean contributes to the rapidity of African monsoon transitions during abrupt climate change events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QSRv..189..169A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QSRv..189..169A"><span>Tracing marine cryptotephras in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>: Improving the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> marine tephrostratigraphic framework</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abbott, Peter M.; Griggs, Adam J.; Bourne, Anna J.; Chapman, Mark R.; Davies, Siwan M.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Tephrochronology is increasingly being recognised as a key tool for the correlation of disparate palaeoclimatic archives, underpinning chronological models and facilitating climatically independent comparisons of climate proxies. Tephra frameworks integrating both distal and proximal tephra occurrences are essential to these investigations providing key details on their spatial distributions, geochemical signatures, eruptive sources as well as any available chronological and/or stratigraphic information. Frameworks also help to avoid mis-correlation of horizons and provide important information on volcanic history. Here we present a comprehensive chronostratigraphic framework of 14 tephra horizons from North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> marine sequences spanning 60-25 cal ka BP. Horizons previously discovered as visible or coarse-grained deposits have been combined with 11 newly recognised volcanic deposits, identified through the application of cryptotephra identification and characterisation methods to a wide network of marine sequences. Their isochronous integrity has been assessed using their physical characteristics. All horizons originated from Iceland with the vast majority having a basaltic composition sourced from the Grímsvötn, Kverkfjöll, Hekla/Vatnafjöll and Katla volcanic systems. New occurrences, improved stratigraphic placements and a refinement of the geochemical signature of the NAAZ II are reported and the range of the FMAZ IV has been extended. In addition, several significant geochemical populations that further investigations could show to be isochronous are reported. This tephra framework provides the foundation for the correlation and synchronisation of these marine records to the Greenland ice-cores and European terrestrial records to investigate the phasing, rate, timing and mechanisms controlling rapid climate changes that characterised the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/29/4/465.abstract','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/29/4/465.abstract"><span>Sensitivity of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin to cyclic climatic forcing during the early Cretaceous</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dean, W.E.; Arthur, M.A.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Striking cyclic interbeds of laminated dark-olive to black marlstone and bioturbated white to light-gray limestone of Neocomian (Early Cretaceous) age have been recovered at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) sites in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These Neocomian sequences are equivalent to the Maiolica Formation that outcrops in the Tethyan regions of the Mediterranean and to thick limestone sequences of the Vocontian Trough of France. This lithologic unit marks the widespread deposition of biogenic carbonate over much of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Tethyan seafloor during a time of overall low sealevel and a deep carbonate compensation depth. The dark clay-rich interbeds typically are rich in organic carbon (OC) with up to 5.5% OC in sequences in the eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sequences off northwest Africa, contain more abundant and better preserved hydrogen-rich, algal organic matter (type II kerogen) relative to the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, probably in response to coastal upwelling induced by an eastern boundary current in the young North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. The more abundant algal organic matter in sequences in the eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is also expressed in the isotopic composition of the carbon in that organic matter. In contrast, organic matter in Neocomian sequences in the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> along the continental margin of North America has geochemical and optical characteristics of herbaceous, woody, hydrogen-poor, humic, type III kerogen. The inorganic geochemical characteristics of the dark clay-rich (80% <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3) interbeds in both the eastern and western basins of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> suggest that they contain minor amounts of relatively unweathered eolian dust derived from northwest Africa during dry intervals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-16/pdf/2011-23877.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-16/pdf/2011-23877.pdf"><span>76 FR 57709 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management Measures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-16</p> <p>...-BA17.e <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management Measures AGENCY: National Marine... of Intent; control date for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> shark landings; request for comments. SUMMARY: This notice... would consider catch shares for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> shark fisheries. NMFS published an Advanced Notice of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990GPC.....3..113B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990GPC.....3..113B"><span>Further evidence for a link between Late Pleistocene North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface temperatures and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep-water production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Boyle, Edward A.; Rosener, Paula</p> <p>1990-10-01</p> <p>Reduced surface temperatures, salinity and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Water (NADW) formation rate may be mechanistically linked. Previous studies have demonstrated the co-occurrence of lowered high-latitude T and NADW during glacial maxima and the brief ( t 1000 yr) Younger Dryas cooling event 10,500 years ago. This behavior also appears as a feature of a recent coupled ocean/atmosphere general circulation model. Here, it is shown that rapid fluctuations in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface temperatures (as indicated by variations from 7 to 22% left-cooling N. pachyderma) during oxygen isotope stage 3 also may be linked to fluctuations in deep-water chemistry (as indicated by benthic Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> variations from 0.080 to 0.120 μmol. mol. -1). Two complete cycles in both properties are observed in 30 cm of sediment; bioturbation modeling suggests that the true extrema are muted and that the reproducibility of replicate analyses is primarily limited by the sampling statistics of bioturbated mixrure. The current evidence raises the question of whether NADW is regulated by a "switch" or by a "valve".</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PalOc...5..459B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PalOc...5..459B"><span>Salinity history of the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the last deglaciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Broecker, Wallace S.</p> <p>1990-08-01</p> <p>The claim has been made (see Broecker et al., 1988) that production of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water terminated during Younger Dryas time and that the onset of this termination occurred about 11,000 years ago when the flow of meltwater from a large segment of the southern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet was diverted from the Mississippi to the St. Lawrence drainage. Fairbanks [1989] points out a serious weakness in this argument. Based on a sea level curve derived from radiocarbon dates on coral obtained from borings made off the Barbados coast, he suggests that a lull in the melting of the ice caps during Younger Dryas time may have more than compensated for the impact of the diversion. The purpose of this paper is to reassess the situation regarding the origin of the Younger Dryas in light of this new evidence. Currently the salinity of surface waters in the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is influenced by three fluxes. Water vapor transport from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> drainage basin to the Pacific-Indian basin tends to raise the salinity of the entire <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The excess over evaporation of precipitation and runoff poleward of 40°N tends to reduce the salinity of waters in this region relative to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> average. The conveyor circulation of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> trades more salty waters of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> with less salty waters outside the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tending to drive down the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>'s salinity. The conveyor circulation also flushes the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, pushing its salinity toward the mean for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. During the <span class="hlt">period</span> of deglaciation meltwater emanating from the Laurentide and Scandinavian ice sheets was also important. This flux tended to lower not only the salinity of the entire <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> but also the salinity of surface waters in the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> relative to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>'s mean. As deepwater formation in the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> depends critically on the salinity of surface waters, the interactions among these fluxes can change the strength of the conveyor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatCo...713502R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatCo...713502R"><span>Annually resolved North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> marine climate over the last millennium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reynolds, D. J.; Scourse, J. D.; Halloran, P. R.; Nederbragt, A. J.; Wanamaker, A. D.; Butler, P. G.; Richardson, C. A.; Heinemeier, J.; Eiríksson, J.; Knudsen, K. L.; Hall, I. R.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Owing to the lack of absolutely dated oceanographic information before the modern instrumental <span class="hlt">period</span>, there is currently significant debate as to the role played by North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean dynamics in previous climate transitions (for example, Medieval Climate Anomaly-Little Ice Age, MCA-LIA). Here we present analyses of a millennial-length, annually resolved and absolutely dated marine δ18O archive. We interpret our record of oxygen isotope ratios from the shells of the long-lived marine bivalve Arctica islandica (δ18O-shell), from the North Icelandic shelf, in relation to seawater density variability and demonstrate that solar and volcanic forcing coupled with ocean circulation dynamics are key drivers of climate variability over the last millennium. During the pre-industrial <span class="hlt">period</span> (AD 1000-1800) variability in the sub-polar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> leads changes in Northern Hemisphere surface air temperatures at multi-decadal timescales, indicating that North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean dynamics played an active role in modulating the response of the atmosphere to solar and volcanic forcing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040110230','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040110230"><span>The Response of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bloom to NAO Forcing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mizoguchi, Ken-Ichi; Worthen, Denise L.; Hakkinen, Sirpa; Gregg, Watson W.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Results from the climatologically forced coupled ice/ocean/biogeochemical model that covers the Arctic and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oceans are presented and compared to the chlorophyll fields of satellite-derived ocean color measurements. Biogeochemical processes in the model are determined from the interactions among four phytoplankton functional groups (diatoms, chlorophytes, cyanobacteria and coccolithophores) and four nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, silicate and dissolved iron). The model simulates the general large-scale pattern in April, May and June, when compared to both satellite-derived and in situ observations. The subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was cool in the 1980s and warm in the latter 1990s, corresponding to the CZCS and SeaWiFS satellite observing <span class="hlt">periods</span>, respectively. The oceanographic conditions during these <span class="hlt">periods</span> resemble the typical subpolar upper ocean response to the NAO+ and NAO-phases, respectively. Thus, we use the atmospheric forcing composites from the two NAO phases to simulate the variability of the mid-ocean bloom during the satellite observing <span class="hlt">periods</span>. The model results show that when the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is cool, the NAO+ case, more nutrients are available in early spring than when the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is warm, the NAO-case. However, the NAO+ simulation produces a later bloom than the NAO-simulation. This difference in the bloom times is also identified in SeaWiFS and CZCS satellite measurements. In the model results, we can trace the difference to the early diatom bloom due to a warmer upper ocean. The higher nutrient abundance in the NAO+ case did not provide larger total production than in the NAO- case, instead the two cases had a comparable area averaged amplitude. This leads us to conclude that in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom depends on surface temperature and the magnitude of the bloom is not significantly impacted by the nutrient abundance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25454244','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25454244"><span>Contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar) in the 13-year <span class="hlt">period</span> from 1999 to 2011.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nøstbakken, Ole Jakob; Hove, Helge T; Duinker, Arne; Lundebye, Anne-Katrine; Berntssen, Marc H G; Hannisdal, Rita; Lunestad, Bjørn Tore; Maage, Amund; Madsen, Lise; Torstensen, Bente E; Julshamn, Kåre</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Environmental pollutants such as dioxins and PCBs, heavy metals, and organochlorine pesticides are a global threat to food safety. In particular, the aquatic biota can bioaccumulate many of these contaminants potentially making seafood of concern for chronic exposure to humans. The main objective was to evaluate trends of contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon in light of the derived tolerable intakes. Through an EU-instigated surveillance programme, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) has between 1999 and 2011 collected more than 2300 samples of Norwegian farmed <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar) for contaminant analyses. The fillets of these fish were homogenised and analysed for dioxins, PCBs, heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. The levels of the contaminants mercury, arsenic, dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and DDT in Norwegian farmed salmon fillet have decreased during our <span class="hlt">period</span> of analyses. The levels of cadmium, lead and several organochlorine pesticides were too close to the limit of quantification to calculate time trends. For PCB6 and quantifiable amounts of pesticides, except DDT, stable levels were observed. The contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed salmon have generally decreased between 1999 and 2011. Excluding other dietary sources, the levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in 2011 allowed consumption of up to 1.3kg salmon per week to reach the tolerable weekly intake. The group of contaminants which was the limiting factor for safe consumption of Norwegian farmed salmon, based on currently established TWI values, is the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010711','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010711"><span>Two Distinct Roles of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs in ENSO Variability: North Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Nino</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ham, Yoo-Geun; Kug, Jong-Seong; Park, Jong-Yeon</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Two distinct roles of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperatures (SSTs), namely, the North Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (NTA) SST and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Nino, on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability are investigated using the observational data from 1980 to 2010 and coupled model experiments. It appears that the NTA SST and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Nino can be used as two independent predictors for predicting the development of ENSO events in the following season. Furthermore, they are likely to be linked to different types of El Nino events. Specifically, the NTA SST cooling during February, March, and April contributes to the central Pacific warming at the subsequent winter season, while the negative <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Nino event during June, July, and August contributes to enhancing the eastern Pacific warming. The coupled model experiments support these results. With the aid of a lagged inverse relationship, the statistical forecast using two <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> indices can successfully predict various ENSO indices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP33B1326C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP33B1326C"><span>A New Multi-Basin Calibration for Estimating Paleo-Temperature Using Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> from Tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Collins, M. S.; Hertzberg, J. E.; Mekik, F.; Schmidt, M. W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Based on the thermodynamics of solid-solution substitution of Mg for <span class="hlt">Ca</span> in biogenic calcite, magnesium to calcium ratios in planktonic foraminifera have been proposed as a means by which variations in habitat water temperatures can be reconstructed. Doing this accurately has been a problem, however, as we demonstrate that various calibration equations provide disparate temperature estimates from the same Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> dataset. We examined both new and published data to derive a globally applicable temperature-Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> relationship and from this relationship to accurately predict habitat depth for Neogloboquadrina dutertrei - a deep chlorophyll maximum dweller. N. dutertrei samples collected from <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> core tops were analyzed for trace element compositions at Texas A&M University, and the measured Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios were used to predict habitat temperatures using multiple pre-existing calibration equations. When combining <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and previously published Pacific Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> datasets for N. dutertrei, a notable dissolution effect was evident. To overcome this issue, we used the G. menardii Fragmentation Index (MFI) to account for dissolution and generated a multi-basin temperature equation using multiple linear regression to predict habitat temperature. However, the correlations between Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and temperature, as well as the calculated MFI percent dissolved, suggest that N. dutertrei Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are affected equally by both variables. While correcting for dissolution makes habitat depth estimation more accurate, the lack of a definitively strong correlation between Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and temperature is likely an effect of variable habitat depth for this species because most calibration equations have assumed a uniform habitat depth for this taxon.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17051216','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17051216"><span>Eastern Pacific cooling and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning circulation during the last deglaciation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kienast, Markus; Kienast, Stephanie S; Calvert, Stephen E; Eglinton, Timothy I; Mollenhauer, Gesine; François, Roger; Mix, Alan C</p> <p>2006-10-19</p> <p>Surface ocean conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean could hold the clue to whether millennial-scale global climate change during glacial times was initiated through tropical ocean-atmosphere feedbacks or by changes in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> thermohaline circulation. North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cold <span class="hlt">periods</span> during Heinrich events and millennial-scale cold events (stadials) have been linked with climatic changes in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and South America, as well as the Indian and East Asian monsoon systems, but not with tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures. Here we present a high-resolution record of sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific derived from alkenone unsaturation measurements. Our data show a temperature drop of approximately 1 degrees C, synchronous (within dating uncertainties) with the shutdown of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich event 1, and a smaller temperature drop of approximately 0.5 degrees C synchronous with the smaller reduction in the overturning circulation during the Younger Dryas event. Both cold events coincide with maxima in surface ocean productivity as inferred from 230Th-normalized carbon burial fluxes, suggesting increased upwelling at the time. From the concurrence of equatorial Pacific cooling with the two North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cold <span class="hlt">periods</span> during deglaciation, we conclude that these millennial-scale climate changes were probably driven by a reorganization of the oceans' thermohaline circulation, although possibly amplified by tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction as suggested before.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-06-26/pdf/2012-15575.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-06-26/pdf/2012-15575.pdf"><span>77 FR 38011 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-06-26</p> <p>.... 110210132-1275-02] RIN 0648-XC055 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries AGENCY... northern area fishery for large medium and giant <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (BFT) for the remainder of 2012... INFORMATION: Regulations implemented under the authority of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tunas Convention Act (16 U.S.C. 971...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP51D2334D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP51D2334D"><span>A Multi-Proxy Approach to Reconstruct Climate Variability in the Western Mediterranean across the Penultimate and Last Glacial <span class="hlt">Period</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dixit, Y.; Toucanne, S.; Bonnin, L.; Fontanier, C.; Jouet, G.; Tripati, A. K.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Mediterranean as a model miniature ocean is an ideal study area for the links between climate change and anoxia. Organic rich-sapropelic deposits punctuate Quaternary sediments series in the basin. These deposits reveal the occurrence of anoxic conditions during times when the circulation of the Mediterranean ocean was deeply perturbed. The `'Nilotic paradigm' proposes anoxia was a direct result of massive inputs of fresh water from the Nile. It is also possible that these sapropels could occur in response to <span class="hlt">periods</span> of intense rainfall and riverine discharge on the northern Mediterranean coast. To resolve the sequence of events linked to sapropel deposition in the western Mediterranean, we use a multi-proxy (oxygen and carbon isotopes, benthic foraminifera assemblage and trace element geochemistry of foraminifera calcite) approach to examine sediments from the Tyrhennian Sea off the eastern Corsica margin in order to reconstruct climate variability during the penultimate glacial termination, and we compare results to those for the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Our preliminary results show increased abundance of epifaunal and deep infaunal benthic species during MIS 5e ( 122-125 kyr BP), accompanied by a rise in Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based sea surface temperature (SST) using G. bulloides. A sharp decline in SST at 135 kyr BP coincides with Heinrich Stadial 5 in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. We will compare the timing of Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based SST minima and reconstructed water d18O variations to Heinrich Stadials in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in order to infer the mechanisms responsible for cooling in the Tyrrhenian Sea. This analysis should shed light on the proposed atmospheric teleconnection causing cooling of western Mediterranean waters via intensification of the Northern Hemisphere high-latitude wind systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPP33B1699F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPP33B1699F"><span>Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation since the last glacial maximum: A view from the Gulf of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Flower, B. P.; Williams, C.; Brown, E. A.; Hastings, D. W.; Hendricks, J.; Goddard, E. A.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The influence of ice sheet meltwater on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) since the last glacial maximum represents an important issue in abrupt climate change. Comparison of Greenland and Antarctic ice core records has revealed a complex interhemispheric linkage and led to different models of ocean circulation including the “bipolar seesaw.” Meltwater input from the Laurentide Ice Sheet has been invoked as a cause of proximal sea-surface temperature (SST) and salinity change in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and of regional to global climate change via its influence on the AMOC. We present published and new Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, and δ18O data on the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber from northern Gulf of Mexico sediment cores that provide detailed records of SST, δ18O of seawater (δ18Osw), and inferred salinity for the 20-8 ka interval. Age control for Orca Basin core MD02-2550 is based on >40 AMS 14C dates on Globigerinoides ruber and documents continuous sedimentation at rates >35 cm/kyr. Early meltwater input is inferred from δ18Osw and Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data prior to and during the Mystery Interval, consistent with a high sensitivity to solar insolation and greenhouse forcing. New bulk sediment δ18O data show major spikes reaching -5.5‰ <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 14.6 and 12.6 ka. We speculate that these excursions represent fine carbonate sediment from Canadian Paleozoic marine carbonates, analogous to detrital carbonate in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> which has a δ18O value of -5‰. Partial support for our hypothesis comes from SEM photomicrographs of bulk sediment from this section, which show no coccoliths or foraminifera in contrast to other intervals. The biogenic carbonate flux seems to have been greatly reduced by fine sediment input. Inferred peak meltwater flow appears to have been associated with the Bolling warming and meltwater pulse 1a. Finally, meltwater reduction at the start of the Younger Dryas supports models for a diversion to North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> outlets and AMOC</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040013512&hterms=air+pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bpollution','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040013512&hterms=air+pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bpollution"><span>Convective Lofting Links Indian Ocean Air Pollution to Paradoxical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ozone Maxima</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chatfield, Robert B.; Guan, Hong; Thompson, Anne M.; Witte, Jacquelyn C.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>We describe a broad resolution of the "<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Paradox" concerning the seasonal and geographic distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone. We describe <span class="hlt">periods</span> of significant maximum tropospheric O3 for Jan.-April, 1999, exploiting satellite estimates and SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes). Trajectory analyses connecting sondes and Total Tropospheric Ozone (TTO)O3 maps suggest a complex influence from the Indian Ocean: beginning with mixed combustion sources, then low level transport, cumulonimbus venting, and finally high-level transport to the west, with possible mixing over Africa. For the Jan.- March highest column-O3 <span class="hlt">periods</span> in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, distinct sounding peaks trace to specific NO sources, especially lightning, while in the same episodes, recurring every 30 or 60 days, more diffuse buildups of Indian-to-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> pollution make important contributions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060009189&hterms=air+pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bpollution','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060009189&hterms=air+pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bpollution"><span>Convective lofting links Indian Ocean air pollution to paradoxical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ozone maxima</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chatfield, R. B.; Guan, H.; Thompson, A. M.; Witte, J. C.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>We describe a broad resolution of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Parado concerning the seasonal and geographic distribution, of tropical tropospheric ozone. We highlight <span class="hlt">periods</span> of significant maximum tropospheric O3 for Jan.- April, 1999, exploiting satellite estimates and SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes). Trajectory analyses connecting sondes and Total Tropospheric Ozone (TTO) maps suggest a complex influence from the Indian Ocean: beginning with mixed combustion sources, then low level transport, cumulonimbus venting, possible stratospheric input, and finally high-level transport to the west, with possible mixing over Africa. For the Jan.-March highest column-O3 <span class="hlt">periods</span> in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, distinct sounding peaks trace to specific NO sources, especially lightning, while in the same episodes, recurring every 20-50 days, more diffuse buildups of Indian-to-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> pollution make important contributions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70186755','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70186755"><span>Twentieth century warming of the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> captured by Sr-U paleothermometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Alpert, Alice E.; Cohen, Anne L.; Oppo, Delia W.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.; Gaetani, Glenn A.; Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.; Winter, Amos; Gonneea, Meagan</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Coral skeletons are valuable archives of past ocean conditions. However, interpretation of coral paleotemperature records is confounded by uncertainties associated with single-element ratio thermometers, including Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>. A new approach, Sr-U, uses U/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> to constrain the influence of Rayleigh fractionation on Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>. Here we build on the initial Pacific Porites Sr-U calibration to include multiple <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific coral genera from multiple coral reef locations spanning a temperature range of 23.15–30.12°C. Accounting for the wintertime growth cessation of one Bermuda coral, we show that Sr-U is strongly correlated with the average water temperature at each location (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.001, n = 19). We applied the multispecies spatial calibration between Sr-U and temperature to reconstruct a 96 year long temperature record at Mona Island, Puerto Rico, using a coral not included in the calibration. Average Sr-U derived temperature for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1900–1996 is within 0.12°C of the average instrumental temperature at this site and captures the twentieth century warming trend of 0.06°C per decade. Sr-U also captures the timing of multiyear variability but with higher amplitude than implied by the instrumental data. Mean Sr-U temperatures and patterns of multiyear variability were replicated in a second coral in the same grid box. Conversely, Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from the same two corals were inconsistent with each other and failed to capture absolute sea temperatures, timing of multiyear variability, or the twentieth century warming trend. Our results suggest that coral Sr-U paleothermometry is a promising new tool for reconstruction of past ocean temperatures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO44A3119H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO44A3119H"><span>Forced <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Variability Over the Past Millennium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Halloran, P. R.; Reynolds, D.; Scourse, J. D.; Hall, I. R.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Paul R. Halloran, David J. Reynolds, Ian R. Hall and James D. Scourse Multidecadal variability in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperatures (SSTs) plays a first order role in determining regional atmospheric circulation and moisture transport, with major climatic consequences. These regional climate impacts range from drought in the Sahel and South America, though increased hurricane activity and temperature extremes, to modified monsoonal rainfall. Multidecadal <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST variability could arise through internal variability in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) (e.g., Knight et al., 2006), or through externally forced change (e.g. Booth et al., 2012). It is critical that we know whether internal or external forcing dominates if we are to provide useful near-term climate projections in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region. A persuasive argument that internal variability plays an important role in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Variability is that <span class="hlt">periodic</span> SST variability has been observed throughout much of the last millennium (Mann et al., 2009), and the hypothesized external forcing of historical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Variability (Booth et al., 2012) is largely anthropogenic in origin. Here we combine the first annually-resolved millennial marine reconstruction with multi-model analysis, to show that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST variability of the last millennium can be explained by a combination of direct volcanic forcing, and indirect, forced, AMOC variability. Our results indicate that whilst climate models capture the timing of both the directly forced SST and forced AMOC-mediated SST variability, the models fail to capture the magnitude of the forced AMOC change. Does this mean that models underestimate the 21st century reduction in AMOC strength? J. Knight, C. Folland and A. Scaife., Climate impacts of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation, GRL, 2006 B.B.B Booth, N. Dunstone, P.R. Halloran et al., Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.482...12M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.482...12M"><span>Millennial-scale variations in dustiness recorded in Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sediments from 0 to 70 ka</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Middleton, Jennifer L.; Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy; Langmuir, Charles H.; McManus, Jerry F.; Huybers, Peter J.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Sedimentary records of dust deposition in the subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> provide important constraints on millennial- and orbital-scale variability in atmospheric circulation and North African aridity. Constant flux proxies, such as extraterrestrial helium-3, yield dust flux records that are independent of the biases caused by lateral sediment transport and limited resolution that may be associated with age-model-derived mass accumulation rates. However, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> dust records constrained using constant flux proxies are sparsely distributed and generally limited to the past 20 ka. Here we extend the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> record of North African dust deposition to 70 ka using extraterrestrial helium-3 and measurements of titanium, thorium, and terrigenous helium-4 in two sediment cores collected at 26°N and 29°N on the Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge and compare results to model estimates for dust deposition in the subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Dust proxy fluxes between 26°N and 29°N are well correlated, despite variability in lateral sediment transport, and underscore the utility of extraterrestrial helium-3 for constraining millennial-scale variability in dust deposition. Similarities between Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> dust flux trends and those observed along the Northwest African margin corroborate previous interpretations of dust flux variability over the past 20 ka and suggest that long distance transport and depositional processes do not overly obscure the signal of North African dust emissions. The 70 ka Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> record reveals a slight increase in North African dustiness from Marine Isotope Stage 4 through the Last Glacial Maximum and a dramatic decrease in dustiness associated with the African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span>. On the millennial-scale, the new records exhibit brief dust maxima coincident with North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cold <span class="hlt">periods</span> such as the Younger Dryas, and multiple Heinrich Stadials. The correlation between Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> dust fluxes and previous constraints on North African aridity is high. However</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912941R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912941R"><span>How predictable are equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface winds?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Richter, Ingo; Doi, Takeshi; Behera, Swadhin</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Sensitivity tests with the SINTEX-F general circulation model (GCM) as well as experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) are used to examine the extent to which sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies contribute to the variability and predictability of monthly mean surface winds in the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. In the SINTEX-F experiments, a control experiment with prescribed observed SST for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1982-2014 is modified by inserting climatological values in certain regions, thereby eliminating SST anomalies. When SSTs are set to climatology in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> only (30S to 30N), surface wind variability over the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (5S-5N) decreases by about 40% in April-May-June (AMJ). This suggests that about 60% of surface wind variability is due to either internal atmospheric variability or SSTs anomalies outside the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. A further experiment with climatological SSTs in the equatorial Pacific indicates that another 10% of variability in AMJ may be due to remote influences from that basin. Experiments from the CMIP5 archive, in which climatological SSTs are prescribed globally, tend to confirm the results from SINTEX-F but show a wide spread. In some models, the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface wind variability decreases by more than 90%, while in others it even increases. Overall, the results suggest that about 50-60% of surface wind variance in AMJ is predictable, while the rest is due to internal atmospheric variability. Other months show significantly lower predictability. The relatively strong internal variability as well as the influence of remote SSTs suggest a limited role for coupled ocean-atmosphere feedbacks in equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29535333','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29535333"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep water circulation during the last interglacial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, Yiming; Tjiputra, Jerry; Guo, Chuncheng; Zhang, Zhongshi; Lippold, Jörg</p> <p>2018-03-13</p> <p>Understanding how the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) evolved during crucial past geological <span class="hlt">periods</span> is important in order to decipher the interplay between ocean dynamics and global climate change. Previous research, based on geological proxies, has provided invaluable insights into past AMOC changes. However, the causes of the changes in water mass distributions in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during different <span class="hlt">periods</span> remain mostly elusive. Using a state-of-the-art Earth system model, we show that the bulk of NCW in the deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean below 4000 m migrated from the western basins at 125 ka to the eastern basins at 115 ka, though the AMOC strength is only slightly reduced. These changes are consistent with proxy records, and it is mainly due to more penetration of the AABW at depth at 115 ka, as a result of a larger density of AABW formed at 115 ka. Our results show that depth changes in regional deep water pathways can result in large local changes, while the overall AMOC structure hardly changes. Future research should thus be careful when interpreting single proxy records in terms of large-scale AMOC changes, and considering variability of water-mass distributions on sub-basin scale would give more comprehensive interpretations of sediment records.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008PA001608.shtml','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008PA001608.shtml"><span>Reevaluation of mid-Pliocene North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperatures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Robinson, Marci M.; Dowsett, Harry J.; Dwyer, Gary S.; Lawrence, Kira T.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Multiproxy temperature estimation requires careful attention to biological, chemical, physical, temporal, and calibration differences of each proxy and paleothermometry method. We evaluated mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from multiple proxies at Deep Sea Drilling Project Holes 552A, 609B, 607, and 606, transecting the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Drift. SST estimates derived from faunal assemblages, foraminifer Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, and alkenone unsaturation indices showed strong agreement at Holes 552A, 607, and 606 once differences in calibration, depth, and seasonality were addressed. Abundant extinct species and/or an unrecognized productivity signal in the faunal assemblage at Hole 609B resulted in exaggerated faunal-based SST estimates but did not affect alkenone-derived or Mg/Ca–derived estimates. Multiproxy mid-Pliocene North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST estimates corroborate previous studies documenting high-latitude mid-Pliocene warmth and refine previous faunal-based estimates affected by environmental factors other than temperature. Multiproxy investigations will aid SST estimation in high-latitude areas sensitive to climate change and currently underrepresented in SST reconstructions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V34B..03M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V34B..03M"><span>The Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Magmatic Province (CAMP)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marzoli, A.; Callegaro, S.; Davies, J.; Chiaradia, M.; Reisberg, L. C.; Merle, R.; Jourdan, F.; Bertrand, H.; Youbi, N.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Basaltic lava flows, dykes, sills, and layered intrusion of the CAMP (Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> magmatic province) crop out in Europe, Africa, North and South America over > 10 million square km, making this one of Earth's largest igneous provinces. CAMP is characterized by 100-400 m thick preserved lava piles and by huge shallow intrusions (e.g., > 1.5 million cubic km sills). Magmatism occurred mainly between 201.6 and 201.1 Ma (according to U-Pb and Ar/Ar ages) during the end-Triassic extinction event and a few Ma before break-up of Pangea. Pulsed emplacement seems consistent with high-precision geochronology, but needs further confirmation. All over the province, basalts with quite similar composition reflect a common mantle source. These basalts have low Ti contents (TiO2 <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1.0-1.3 wt.%), moderately enriched Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions close to the EM-II mantle end-member, and 187Os/188Os close to 0.130. We attribute these characteristics to a dominant shallow asthenospheric mantle source that was enriched by subduction-related components. Assimilation of crustal rocks generally played a minor role and rarely exceed 5-10%. Instead, assimilation of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was instead recognized in the high-Ti basalts (TiO2> 2.0 wt.%) that were emplaced in a restricted area around the Man and Amazonian cratons (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Brazil, Guyana). The SCLM-like signature of these basalts suggests assimilation of metasomatically enriched parts of the SCLM. Also early basalts emplaced north of the West African craton (Morocco, Mali) are contaminated by enriched SCLM components even if to a lesser degree, while later basalts from the same African regions have low 187Os/188Os (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 0.120) and probably tapped a more depleted cratonic SCLM. Calculated mantle potential temperatures are low (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1450 °C) and geochemical data do not support a significant contribution from mantle-plume material. The only available He isotopic data are just slightly</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.U35A..01C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.U35A..01C"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean Circulation and Climate: The Current View From the Geological Record</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Curry, W.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Several recent advances in our understanding of past ocean circulation come from geological reconstructions using deep sea sediment proxies of water mass structure and flow. Put together, the observations suggest that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> (21,000 years ago) was very different from today. Geochemical tracers document a shoaling of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water and a much greater volume of deep waters with an Antarctic origin. Sedimentary pore water profiles have detected a reversal in the salinity gradient between northern and southern deep water sources. Uranium-series decay products in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sediments indicate that the southward transport of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water was as much as 30-40% reduced from today's transport. Ocean-margin density reconstructions are consistent with a one third reduction in transport through the Florida Straits. A reversed cross-basin density gradient in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> calls for a different intermediate water circulation in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The glacial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> circulation appears to be best explained by a reduced influence of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep water sources and much greater influence of Antarctic deep water sources. More recent changes in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> circulation have been much more modest. During the Little Ice Age (LIA - a much smaller cooling event about 200 to 600 years ago), transport of the Florida Current was reduced by about 10%, significant but a much smaller reduction than observed during the glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. There is little evidence for a change in the distribution or geochemistry of the water masses during the LIA. For both climate events (the glacial and the LIA) reduced Florida Current transport was accompanied by increased salinity of its surface waters, linking changes in ocean circulation to large scale changes in surface water hydrology. A feedback between the circulation of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and the climate of the tropics has been proposed before and also seen in some coupled</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-03-30/pdf/2012-7578.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-03-30/pdf/2012-7578.pdf"><span>77 FR 19175 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; 2012 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quota Specifications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-03-30</p> <p>...-XA920 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; 2012 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quota Specifications AGENCY... INFORMATION: <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna, bigeye tuna, albacore tuna, yellowfin tuna, and skipjack tuna (hereafter referred to as ``<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tunas'') are managed under the dual authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatCC...5..261W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatCC...5..261W"><span>Arctic warming will promote <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Pacific fish interchange</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wisz, M. S.; Broennimann, O.; Grønkjær, P.; Møller, P. R.; Olsen, S. M.; Swingedouw, D.; Hedeholm, R. B.; Nielsen, E. E.; Guisan, A.; Pellissier, L.</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Throughout much of the Quaternary <span class="hlt">Period</span>, inhospitable environmental conditions above the Arctic Circle have been a formidable barrier separating most marine organisms in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> from those in the North Pacific. Rapid warming has begun to lift this barrier, potentially facilitating the interchange of marine biota between the two seas. Here, we forecast the potential northward progression of 515 fish species following climate change, and report the rate of potential species interchange between the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the Pacific via the Northwest Passage and the Northeast Passage. For this, we projected niche-based models under climate change scenarios and simulated the spread of species through the passages when climatic conditions became suitable. Results reveal a complex range of responses during this century, and accelerated interchange after 2050. By 2100 up to 41 species could enter the Pacific and 44 species could enter the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, via one or both passages. Consistent with historical and recent biodiversity interchanges, this exchange of fish species may trigger changes for biodiversity and food webs in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and North Pacific, with ecological and economic consequences to ecosystems that at present contribute 39% to global marine fish landings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150000791','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150000791"><span>Meridional Distribution of Aerosol Optical Thickness over the Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kishcha, P.; Silva, Arlindo M.; Starobinets, B.; Long, C. N.; Kalashnikova, O.; Alpert, P.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Previous studies showed that, over the global ocean, there is hemispheric asymmetry in aerosols and no noticeable asymmetry in cloud fraction (CF). In the current study, we focus on the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (30 Deg N 30 Deg S) which is characterized by significant amounts of Saharan dust dominating other aerosol species over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. We found that, by contrast to the global ocean, over a limited area such as the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, strong meridional asymmetry in dust aerosols was accompanied by meridional CF asymmetry. During the 10-year study <span class="hlt">period</span> (July 2002 June 2012), NASA Aerosol Reanalysis (aka MERRAero) showed that, when the meridional asymmetry in dust aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was the most pronounced (particularly in July), dust AOT averaged separately over the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was one order of magnitude higher than dust AOT averaged over the tropical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. In the presence of such strong meridional asymmetry in dust AOT in July, CF averaged separately over the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> exceeded CF averaged over the tropical South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> by 20%. Our study showed significant cloud cover, up to 0.8 - 0.9, in July along the Saharan Air Layer which contributed to above-mentioned meridional CF asymmetry. Both Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) measurements and MERRAero data were in agreement on seasonal variations in meridional aerosol asymmetry. Meridional asymmetry in total AOT over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was the most pronounced between March and July, when dust presence over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was maximal. In September and October, there was no noticeable meridional asymmetry in total AOT and meridional CF distribution over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was almost symmetrical.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-10-31/pdf/2011-28083.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-10-31/pdf/2011-28083.pdf"><span>76 FR 67121 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; 2012 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Commercial Fishing Season</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-31</p> <p>.... 110913585-1625-01] RIN 0648-BB36 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; 2012 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Commercial Fishing... establish opening dates and adjust quotas for the 2012 fishing season for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> commercial shark... 2011 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> commercial shark fishing seasons. In addition, NMFS proposes season openings based on...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17945831','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17945831"><span>Information transmission in hippocampal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 neuron models in the presence of poisson shot noise: the case of <span class="hlt">periodic</span> sub-threshold spike trains.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kawaguchi, Minato; Mino, Hiroyuki; Durand, Dominique M</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>This article presents an analysis of the information transmission of <span class="hlt">periodic</span> sub-threshold spike trains in a hippocampal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 neuron model in the presence of a homogeneous Poisson shot noise. In the computer simulation, <span class="hlt">periodic</span> sub-threshold spike trains were presented repeatedly to the midpoint of the main apical branch, while the homogeneous Poisson shot noise was applied to the mid-point of a basal dendrite in the <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 neuron model consisting of the soma with one sodium, one calcium, and five potassium channels. From spike firing times recorded at the soma, the inter spike intervals were generated and then the probability, p(T), of the inter-spike interval histogram corresponding to the spike interval, r, of the <span class="hlt">periodic</span> input spike trains was estimated to obtain an index of information transmission. In the present article, it is shown that at a specific amplitude of the homogeneous Poisson shot noise, p(T) was found to be maximized, as well as the possibility to encode the <span class="hlt">periodic</span> sub-threshold spike trains became greater. It was implied that setting the amplitude of the homogeneous Poisson shot noise to the specific values which maximize the information transmission might contribute to efficiently encoding the <span class="hlt">periodic</span> sub-threshold spike trains by utilizing the stochastic resonance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PhDT........60Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PhDT........60Y"><span>Seasonal Freshwater and Salinity Budgets in the Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yoo, Jung Moon</p> <p></p> <p>Seasonal freshwater and salt budgets in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> are examined by incorporating precipitation, estimated from 11 years of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. A spatially dependent formula is developed to estimate rainfall from the OLR data and the height of the base of the trade -wind inversion. This formula has been constructed by comparing rainfall records from twelve islands with the OLR data. Zonal asymmetries due to the differing cloud types in the eastern and western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the presence of Saharan sand in the east are included. Significant inconsistencies between results of the present study the seasonal rainfall estimates of Dorman and Bourke (1981) are found. Annual and interannual variations of the moisture and freshwater budgets are examined in the same region. The seasonal moisture budget (E-P) is calculated from the above rainfall and evaporation estimated from surface data. Consistent with previous estimates, we find annual mean deficit of freshwater. The interannual variability of freshwater flux during the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1974 to 1979 is examined. Seasonal or interannua1 variations of rainfall account for two-thirds of the variations of the freshwater flux. We examine the seasonal freshwater and salt budgets, and obtain their meridional transports by southward integration of their divergence fields. The annual freshwater transport in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is northward, ranging from 0 Sv near the equator to 0.3 Sv at 12^circ N and 20^circS. The seasonal meridional transport amounts of freshwater from surface to 500 m depth in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean range from 1.35 Sv to -0.45 Sv. The strong northward freshwater transports prevail for the <span class="hlt">period</span> summer to fall. This seasonal cycle is caused by the shifts of the ITCZ as well as the changes in the local freshwater storage. Annual and seasonal salt budgets are calculated from objectively analyzed historical (1900-1986) salinity observations. The annual salt flux in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V51A3055S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V51A3055S"><span><span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotope fractionation and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> partitioning associated with anhydrite formation at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: An experimental approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Syverson, D. D.; Scheuermann, P.; Pester, N. J.; Higgins, J. A.; Seyfried, W. E., Jr.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p> throughout Earth's history. 1 Tivey, M. K. Generation of Seafloor Hydrothermal Deposits. Oceanography 20, 50-66 (2007).2 Amini, M. et al. Calcium isotope (δ44/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) fractionation along hydrothermal pathways, Logatchev field (Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge, 14°45'N). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, 4107-4122 (2008).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-20/pdf/2010-23438.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-20/pdf/2010-23438.pdf"><span>75 FR 57235 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management Measures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-09-20</p> <p>... fish only in state waters, have asked what catch shares would mean for the shark fishery. To be.... 100825390-0431-01] RIN 0648-BA17 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management Measures... on potential adjustments to the regulations governing the U.S. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> shark fishery to address...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..122.6284S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..122.6284S"><span>Replicating annual North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane activity 1878-2012 from environmental variables</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saunders, Mark A.; Klotzbach, Philip J.; Lea, Adam S. R.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Statistical models can replicate annual North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane activity from large-scale environmental field data for August and September, the months of peak hurricane activity. We assess how well the six environmental fields used most often in contemporary statistical modeling of seasonal hurricane activity replicate North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane numbers and Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) over the 135 year <span class="hlt">period</span> from 1878 to 2012. We find that these fields replicate historical hurricane activity surprisingly well, showing that contemporary statistical models and their seasonal physical links have long-term robustness. We find that August-September zonal trade wind speed over the Caribbean Sea and the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is the environmental field which individually replicates long-term hurricane activity the best and that trade wind speed combined with the difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the tropical mean is the best multi-predictor model. Comparing the performance of the best single-predictor and best multi-predictor models shows that they exhibit little difference in hindcast skill for predicting long-term ACE but that the best multipredictor model offers improved skill for predicting long-term hurricane numbers. We examine whether replicated real-time prediction skill 1983-2012 increases as the model training <span class="hlt">period</span> lengthens and find evidence that this happens slowly. We identify a dropout in hurricane replication centered on the 1940s and show that this is likely due to a decrease in data quality which affects all data sets but <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperatures in particular. Finally, we offer insights on the implications of our findings for seasonal hurricane prediction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-05-29/pdf/2012-12929.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-05-29/pdf/2012-12929.pdf"><span>77 FR 31546 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-05-29</p> <p>.... 110210132-1275-02] RIN 0648-XC035 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries AGENCY... tuna (BFT) for the remainder of 2012. Fishing for, retaining, possessing, or landing BFT in the... authority of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tunas Convention Act (16 U.S.C. 971 et seq.) and the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP31C1287O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP31C1287O"><span>Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current Variations from MIS 3 to Holocene Based on Multiproxy Record from the North-East Scotland Continental Margin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ovsepyan, Y.; Tikhonova, A.; Novichkova, E.; Gupta, R. M.; Korsun, S.; Matul, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In order to reconstruct the history of water mass interaction between the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the Nordic Seas since MIS 3 to the present, the sediment core from the North-East Scotland continental slope was investigated. The site of core AI-3521 (59°30.009 N, 7°20.062 E) from the 1051 m water depth is located beneath the pathway of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> current which transports warm and saline <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface water to the Norwegian Sea. The age model of the sequence is based on stable isotope record of benthic Cassidulina neoteretis and planktic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sin. and Globigerina bulloides. The Holocene interval of the upper 1.5 m is characterized by high sedimentation rates and the high biodiversity of microfauna. The distribution of ice rafted debris and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 content; benthic and planktic foraminiferal assemblages; oxygen, carbon and boron isotopes, Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratio were used to reconstruct the regional paleoceanographic conditions (bioproductivity, temperature, salinity) and to compare with the paleoclimatic events in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in the frame of the global environmental changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation projects 16-47-02009 and 14-50-00095.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1121B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1121B"><span>Sea surface temperatures in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean from 30ka to 10ka</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barrack, Kerr; Greenop, Rosanna; Burke, Andrea; Barker, Stephen; Chalk, Thomas; Crocker, Anya</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Some of the most striking features of the Late Pleistocene interval are the rapid changes in climate between warmer interstadial and cold stadial <span class="hlt">periods</span> which, when coupled, are termed Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. This shift between warm and cold climates has been interpreted to result from changes in the thermohaline circulation (Broecker et al., 1985) triggered by, for instance, freshwater input from the collapse of the Laurentide ice sheet (Zahn et al., 1997). However, a recent study suggests that major ice rafting events cannot be the 'trigger' for the centennial to millennial scale cooling events identified over the past 500kyr (Barker at al., 2015). Polar planktic foraminiferal and lithogenic/terrigenous grain counts reveal that the southward migration of the polar front occurs before the deposition of ice rafted debris and therefore the rafting of ice during stadial <span class="hlt">periods</span>. Based upon this evidence, Barker et al. suggest that the transition to a stadial state is a non-linear response to gradual cooling in the region. In order to test this hypothesis, our study reconstructs sea surface temperature across D-O events and the deglaciation in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> between 30ka and 10ka using Mg/ <span class="hlt">Ca</span> paleothermometry in Globigerina bulloides at ODP Sites 980 and 983 (the same sites as used in Barker et al., 2015) with an average sampling resolution of 300 years. With our new record we evaluate the timing of surface ocean temperature change, frontal shift movement, and ice rafting to investigate variations in the temperature gradient across the polar front over D-O events. References: Barker, S., Chen, J., Gong, X., Jonkers, L., Knorr, G., Thornalley, D., 2015. Icebergs not the trigger for North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cold events. Nature, 520(7547), pp.333-336. Broecker, W.S., Peteer, D.M., Rind, D., 1985. Does the ocean-atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? Nature, 315 (6014), pp.21-26. Zahn, R., Schönfeld, J., Kudrass, H.-R., Park, M</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-06-11/pdf/2013-13849.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-06-11/pdf/2013-13849.pdf"><span>78 FR 34879 - Special Local Regulations for Marine Events, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City Offshore Race, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-06-11</p> <p>...-AA08 Special Local Regulations for Marine Events, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City Offshore Race, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final rule. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is..., held on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, offshore of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City, New Jersey. The marine event formerly originated...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28104335','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28104335"><span>Soil, water, and nutrient losses from management alternatives for degraded pasture in Brazilian <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Rainforest biome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rocha Junior, Paulo Roberto da; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Donagemma, Guilherme Kangussú; Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves; Bhattharai, Rabin; Kalita, Prasanta Kumar</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to evaluate sediment, water and nutrient losses from different pasture managements in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Rainforest biome. A field study was carried out in Alegre Espiríto Santo, Brazil, on a Xanthic Ferralsol cultivated with braquiaria (Brachiaria brizantha). The six pasture managements studied were: control (CON), chisel (CHI), fertilizer (FER), burned (BUR), plowing and harrowing (PH), and integrated crop-livestock (iCL). Runoff and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and organic carbon contents. Soil physical attributes and above and below biomass were also evaluated. The results indicated that higher water loss was observed for iCL (129.90mm) and CON (123.25mm) managements, and the sediment losses were higher for CON (10.24tha -1 ) and BUR (5.20tha -1 ) managements when compared to the other managements. Majority of the nutrients losses occurred in dissolved fraction (99% of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>, 99% of Mg, 96% of K, and 65% of P), whereas a significant fraction of organic carbon (80%) loss occurred in a particulate form. Except for P, other nutrients (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, Mg and K) and organic carbon losses were higher in coarse sediment compared to fine sediment. The greater losses of sediment, organic carbon, and nutrients were observed for CON followed by BUR management (p<0.05). Our findings indicated that the traditional pasture management adopted in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Rainforest needs to be rethought and burned management should be avoided. Based on the water, soil, and nutrient losses from various practices, to reduce pasture degradation, farmers should adopt edaphic practices by applying lime and fertilize to improve pasture growth and soil cover, and reducing soil erosion in the hilly Brazilian <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Rainforest biome. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA54A..01G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA54A..01G"><span>Influence of Solar Variability on the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> / European Sector.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gray, L. J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The 11year solar cycle signal in December-January-February averaged mean-sea-level pressure and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>/European blocking frequency is examined using multilinear regression with indices to represent variability associated with the solar cycle, volcanic eruptions, the El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Results from a previous 11-year solar cycle signal study of the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1870-2010 (140 years; 13 solar cycles) that suggested a 3-4 year lagged signal in SLP over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> are confirmed by analysis of a much longer reconstructed dataset for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1660-2010 (350 years; 32 solar cycles). Apparent discrepancies between earlier studies are resolved and stem primarily from the lagged nature of the response and differences between early- and late-winter responses. Analysis of the separate winter months provide supporting evidence for two mechanisms of influence, one operating via the atmosphere that maximises in late winter at 0-2 year lags and one via the mixd-layer ocean that maximises in early winter at 3-4 year lags. Corresponding analysis of DJF-averaged <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> / European blocking frequency shows a highly statistically significant signal at 1-year lag that originates promarily from the late winter response. The 11-year solar signal in DJF blocking frequency is compared with other known influences from ENSO and the AMO and found to be as large in amplitude and have a larger region of statistical significance.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.3078R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.3078R"><span><span class="hlt">Atlant</span>OS - Optimizing and Enhancing the Integrated <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean Observing System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reitz, Anja; Visbeck, Martin; AtlantOS Consortium, the</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean observation is currently undertaken through loosely-coordinated, in-situ observing networks, satellite observations and data management arrangements of heterogeneous international, national and regional design to support science and a wide range of information products. Thus there is tremendous opportunity to develop the systems towards a fully integrated <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean Observing System consistent with the recently developed 'Framework of Ocean Observing'. The vision of <span class="hlt">Atlant</span>OS is to improve and innovate <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> observing by using the Framework of Ocean Observing to obtain an international, more sustainable, more efficient, more integrated, and fit-for-purpose system. Hence, the <span class="hlt">Atlant</span>OS initiative will have a long-lasting and sustainable contribution to the societal, economic and scientific benefit arising from this integrated approach. This will be delivered by improving the value for money, extent, completeness, quality and ease of access to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean data required by industries, product supplying agencies, scientist and citizens. The overarching target of the <span class="hlt">Atlant</span>OS initiative is to deliver an advanced framework for the development of an integrated <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean Observing System that goes beyond the state-of -the-art, and leaves a legacy of sustainability after the life of the project. The legacy will derive from the following aims: i) to improve international collaboration in the design, implementation and benefit sharing of ocean observing, ii) to promote engagement and innovation in all aspects of ocean observing, iii) to facilitate free and open access to ocean data and information, iv) to enable and disseminate methods of achieving quality and authority of ocean information, v) to strengthen the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and to sustain observing systems that are critical for the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service and its applications and vi) to contribute to the aims of the Galway Statement on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC33H..05L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC33H..05L"><span>The summer North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (SNAO) variability on decadal to paleoclimate time scales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Linderholm, H. W.; Folland, C. K.; Zhang, P.; Gunnarson, B. E.; Jeong, J. H.; Ren, H.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The summer North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (SNAO), strongly related to the latitude of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and European summer storm tracks, exerts a considerable influence on European summer climate variability and extremes. Here we extend the <span class="hlt">period</span> covered by the SNAO from July and August to June, July and August (JJA). As well as marked interannual variability, the JJA SNAO has shown a large inter-decadal change since the 1970s. Decadally averaged, there has been a change from a very positive to a rather negative SNAO phase. This change in SNAO phase is opposite in sign from that expected by a number of climate models under enhanced greenhouse forcing by the late twenty first century. It has led to noticeably wetter summers in North West Europe in the last decade. On interannual to multidecadal timescales, SNAO variability is linked to variations in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature (SST): observations and models indicate an association between the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) where the cold (warm) phase of the AMO corresponds a positive (negative) phase of the SNAO. Observations also indicate a link with SST in the Gulf Stream region of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> where, particularly on decadal time scales, SST warming may favour a more positive phase of the SNAO. Influences of Arctic climate change on North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and European atmospheric circulation may also exist, particularly reduced sea ice coverage, perhaps favouring the negative phase of the SNAO. A new tree-ring data based JJA SNAO reconstruction extending over the last millennium, as well as climate model output for the same <span class="hlt">period</span>, enables us to examine the influence of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST and Arctic sea-ice coverage, as well as SNAO impacts on European summer climate, in a long-term, pre-industrial context.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-30/pdf/2010-18784.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-30/pdf/2010-18784.pdf"><span>75 FR 44938 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act Provisions; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Shark Fishery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-30</p> <p>... Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act Provisions; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Shark Fishery AGENCY: National... moratorium on fishing for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coastal sharks in the State waters of New Jersey. NMFS canceled the moratorium, as required by the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act (<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Act...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP53C2373F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP53C2373F"><span>Evolution of Temperature and Carbon Storage Within the Deep Southeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean Across the Last Glacial/Interglacial Cycle Inferred from a Highly-Resolved Sedimentary Depth Transect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Foreman, A. D.; Charles, C. D.; Rae, J. W. B.; Adkins, J. F.; Slowey, N. C.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Many models show that the relative intensity of stratification is a primary variable governing the sequestration and release of carbon from the ocean over ice ages. The wide-scale observations necessary to test these model-derived hypotheses are not yet sufficient, but sedimentary depth transects represent a promising approach for making progress. Here we present paired stable isotopic (d18O, d13C) and trace metal data (Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) from benthic foraminifera collected from a highly vertically-resolved depth transect from the mid-depth and deep SE <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These observations, which cover Marine Isotope Stages 5e, 5d, 5a, 4, and the Last Glacial Maximum, document the evolution of glacial conditions from the previous interglacial, and provide detailed observations regarding the magnitude and timing of changes in temperature and salinity within the deep ocean at key time points over the last glacial/interglacial cycle. Furthermore, the comparison between purely 'physical' tracers (i.e. Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, d18O) and tracers sensitive to the carbon cycle (i.e. d13C and B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) provides critical insight into the relationship between deep/mid-depth stratification and global carbon dynamics. Notably among our observations, the paired stable isotope and trace metal results strongly suggest that much of the ice-age cooling of deep South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> occurred at the MIS 5e/5d transition, while the onset of salinity stratification in the mid-depth South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> occurred at the MIS 5/4 transition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4070277','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4070277"><span>The Influence of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ Buffers on Free [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] Fluctuations and the Effective Volume of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ Microdomains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Weinberg, Seth H.; Smith, Gregory D.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+) plays a significant role in many cell signaling pathways, some of which are localized to spatially restricted microdomains. <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ binding proteins (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ buffers) play an important role in regulating <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]). Buffers typically slow [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] temporal dynamics and increase the effective volume of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ domains. Because fluctuations in [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] decrease in proportion to the square-root of a domain’s physical volume, one might conjecture that buffers decrease [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] fluctuations and, consequently, mitigate the significance of small domain volume concerning <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signaling. We test this hypothesis through mathematical and computational analysis of idealized buffer-containing domains and their stochastic dynamics during free <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx with passive exchange of both <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ and buffer with bulk concentrations. We derive Langevin equations for the fluctuating dynamics of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ and buffer and use these stochastic differential equations to determine the magnitude of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] fluctuations for different buffer parameters (e.g., dissociation constant and concentration). In marked contrast to expectations based on a naive application of the principle of effective volume as employed in deterministic models of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signaling, we find that mobile and rapid buffers typically increase the magnitude of domain [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] fluctuations during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx, whereas stationary (immobile) <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ buffers do not. Also contrary to expectations, we find that in the absence of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx, buffers influence the temporal characteristics, but not the magnitude, of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] fluctuations. We derive an analytical formula describing the influence of rapid <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ buffers on [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] fluctuations and, importantly, identify the stochastic analog of (deterministic) effective domain volume. Our results demonstrate that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ buffers alter the dynamics of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] fluctuations in a nonintuitive manner. The finding that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ buffers do not suppress intrinsic domain [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1049135-nanoscale-modulations-kla-caw-nala-caw','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1049135-nanoscale-modulations-kla-caw-nala-caw"><span>Nanoscale modulations in (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O-6 and (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O-6</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Licurse, Mark; Borisevich, Albina Y; Davies, Peter</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Complex nanoscale modulations are identified in two new A-site ordered perovskites, (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} and (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}. In (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show an incommensurate nanocheckerboard modulation with {approx}9.4 x 9.4 a{sub p} <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> (a{sub p} {approx} 4 {angstrom} for the cubic perovskite aristotype). For (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} a one-dimensional modulation is observed with a {approx}16(1 1 0)a{sub p} repeat; the <1 1 0> orientation of the nanostripes is different from the <1 0 0> stripes observed in other mixed A-site systems. Studies using high temperature x-ray diffraction suggest the formation of the complexmore » modulations is associated with small deviations from the ideal 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry of the (A{sup +}La{sup 3+})(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} phases. Z-contrast images acquired on an aberration-corrected microscope provide evidence for deviations from stoichiometry with a {approx}1:15 <span class="hlt">periodic</span> arrangement of La{sub 4/3}(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}:(NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} nano-phases.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1221473-saharan-dust-causal-factor-hemispheric-asymmetry-aerosols-cloud-cover-over-tropical-atlantic-ocean','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1221473-saharan-dust-causal-factor-hemispheric-asymmetry-aerosols-cloud-cover-over-tropical-atlantic-ocean"><span>Saharan dust as a causal factor of hemispheric asymmetry in aerosols and cloud cover over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Kishcha, Pavel; Da Sliva, Arlindo; Starobinets, Boris; ...</p> <p>2015-07-09</p> <p>Meridional distribution of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean (30°N – 30°S) was analyzed to assess seasonal variations of meridional AOT asymmetry. Ten-year MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero) data (July 2002 – June 2012) confirms that the Sahara desert emits a significant amount of dust into the atmosphere over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Only over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean did MERRAero show that desert dust dominates other aerosol species and is responsible for meridional aerosol asymmetry between the tropical North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Over the 10-year <span class="hlt">period</span> under consideration, both MISR measurements and MERRAero data showed a pronounced meridional AOTmore » asymmetry. The meridional AOT asymmetry, characterized by the hemispheric ratio (RAOT) of AOT averaged separately over the North and over the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, was about 1.7. Seasonally, meridional AOT asymmetry over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was the most pronounced between March and July, when dust presence is maximal (RAOT ranged from 2 to 2.4). There was no noticeable meridional aerosol asymmetry in total AOT from September to October. During this <span class="hlt">period</span> the contribution of carbonaceous aerosols to total AOT in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> was comparable to the contribution of dust aerosols to total AOT in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. During the same 10-year <span class="hlt">period</span>, MODIS cloud fraction (CF) data showed that there was no noticeable asymmetry in meridional CF distribution in different seasons (the hemispheric ratio of CF ranged from 1.0 to 1.2). MODIS CF data illustrated significant cloud cover (CF of 0.7 – 0.9) with limited precipitation ability along the Saharan Air Layer.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1418511-amplified-north-atlantic-warming-late-pliocene-changes-arctic-gateways','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1418511-amplified-north-atlantic-warming-late-pliocene-changes-arctic-gateways"><span>Amplified North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> warming in the late Pliocene by changes in Arctic gateways</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Jahn, Alexandra; Feng, Ran; ...</p> <p>2016-12-26</p> <p>Under previous reconstructions of late Pliocene boundary conditions, climate models have failed to reproduce the warm sea surface temperatures reconstructed in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Using a reconstruction of mid-Piacenzian paleogeography that has the Bering Strait and Canadian Arctic Archipelago Straits closed, however, improves the simulation of the proxy-indicated warm sea surface temperatures in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in the Community Climate System Model. We find that the closure of these small Arctic gateways strengthens the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation, by inhibiting freshwater transport from the Pacific to the Arctic Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to the Labrador Sea, leading tomore » warmer sea surface temperatures in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. In conclusion, this indicates that the state of the Arctic gateways may influence the sensitivity of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate in complex ways, and better understanding of the state of these Arctic gateways for past time <span class="hlt">periods</span> is needed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-25/pdf/2012-1560.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-25/pdf/2012-1560.pdf"><span>77 FR 3637 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries; General Category Fishery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-25</p> <p>.... 110210132-1275-02] RIN 0648-XA948 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries... category fishery for large medium and giant <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (BFT) until the General category reopens...: Regulations implemented under the authority of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tunas Convention Act (16 U.S.C. 971 et seq.) and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-20/pdf/2013-03847.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-20/pdf/2013-03847.pdf"><span>78 FR 11788 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries; General Category Fishery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-02-20</p> <p>.... 120306154-2241-02] RIN 0648-XC506 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries... category fishery for large medium and giant <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (BFT) until the General category reopens... implemented under the authority of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tunas Convention Act (16 U.S.C. 971 et seq.) and the Magnuson...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037032','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037032"><span>Regionally coherent Little Ice Age cooling in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Warm Pool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Richey, J.N.; Poore, R.Z.; Flower, B.P.; Quinn, T.M.; Hollander, D.J.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>We present 2 new decadal-resolution foraminiferal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST records covering the past 6-8 centuries from the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These records provide evidence for a Little Ice Age (LIA) cooling of 2??C, consistent with a published Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> record from Pigmy Basin. Comparison of these 3 records with existing SST proxy records from the GOM-Caribbean region show that the magnitude of LIA cooling in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Warm Pool (AWP) was significantly larger than the mean hemispheric cooling of <1??C. We propose that a reduction in the intensity and spatial extent of the AWP during the LIA, combined with associated changes in atmospheric circulation may account for the regional SST patterns observed in the GOM-Caribbean region during the LIA. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..4412511A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..4412511A"><span>A Midwinter Minimum in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Storm Track Intensity in Years of a Strong Jet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Afargan, H.; Kaspi, Y.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>This study investigates the occurrence of a midwinter suppression in synoptic eddy activity within the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> storm track. It is found that eddy kinetic energy over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is reduced during winter relative to fall and spring, despite the stronger wintertime jet and enhanced baroclinicity. This behavior is similar to the well-known Pacific midwinter minimum, yet the reduction over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is smaller and persists for a shorter <span class="hlt">period</span>. To examine the conditions favorable for this phenomenon, we present an analysis of years with stronger jet intensity versus years of weaker jets over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific basins. When the wintertime jet is stronger, the midwinter suppression of eddy activity is more pronounced, and the jet is more equatorward. Since the climatological <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> jet is weaker relative to the Pacific jet, the conditions for a midwinter suppression in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> are generally less favorable, yet a midwinter suppression often occurs in years of a strong jet.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFMPP51A0305H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFMPP51A0305H"><span>δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in N. pachy (left): A Promising Tool for SST-Reconstruction in High-Latitude Oceans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hippler, D.; Gussone, N.; Darling, K.; Eisenhauer, A.; Nagler, T. F.</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>Reconstructions of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) by means of planktonic foraminifera are an essential tool in paleoceanography. Unlike to marine tropical environments where a number of established SST-proxies exist, information on paleo-SST of polar water masses is scarce. In these regions high-resolution records exist mainly for continental environments. <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotopes bear a high potential as SST proxies as they are insensitive to changes in global ice volume, evaporation or freshwater input. Here, measurements of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-isotopic composition on calcite shells of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (left coiling) -a dominant species in subpolar and polar surface waters- are presented. The genotype of individuals tests was determined at the University of Edinburgh. Subsequently the respective calcite shells were analysed for δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> at the University of Bern. The most complete data set is from the polar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. All samples are from the same genotype and span a temperature (T) range from 1.9°C to 6.5°C. It was found that T correlates well with δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span>. The total δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-variation results in a δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-change of 0.2‰ per 1°C defined by a linear regression. In order to test whether the correlation is influenced by hydrographic or genotype differences a second set of a Southern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> genotype of N. pachy (left) has been investigated. Preliminary observations point to T as the main factor controlling δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> variations and a T dependence very similar to that of Arctic specimen. Remarkably, this T dependence (although not the absolute values) is identical within errors to the one of tropical G. sacculifer (Nagler et al., 2000, G3). Thus, even though <span class="hlt">Ca</span> isotope fractionation is known to be species-dependent, the increase of 0.2‰ δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> per 1°C seems to reflect a particular mode of biocalcification. While more calibration work is needed, it appears that T changes of polar surface waters will be quantitatively resolvable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-23/pdf/2010-15104.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-23/pdf/2010-15104.pdf"><span>75 FR 35767 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-23</p> <p>... the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting AGENCY: National Marine... of a public meeting. SUMMARY: The South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council (Council) will hold a.... Council address: South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, N...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632145','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632145"><span>Bax regulates neuronal <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ homeostasis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>D'Orsi, Beatrice; Kilbride, Seán M; Chen, Gang; Perez Alvarez, Sergio; Bonner, Helena P; Pfeiffer, Shona; Plesnila, Nikolaus; Engel, Tobias; Henshall, David C; Düssmann, Heiko; Prehn, Jochen H M</p> <p>2015-01-28</p> <p>Excessive <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) entry during glutamate receptor overactivation ("excitotoxicity") induces acute or delayed neuronal death. We report here that deficiency in bax exerted broad neuroprotection against excitotoxic injury and oxygen/glucose deprivation in mouse neocortical neuron cultures and reduced infarct size, necrotic injury, and cerebral edema formation after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Neuronal <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) analysis during excitotoxic injury revealed that bax-deficient neurons showed significantly reduced <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) transients during the NMDA excitation <span class="hlt">period</span> and did not exhibit the deregulation of Δψm that was observed in their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Reintroduction of bax or a bax mutant incapable of proapoptotic oligomerization equally restored neuronal <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) dynamics during NMDA excitation, suggesting that Bax controlled <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) signaling independently of its role in apoptosis execution. Quantitative confocal imaging of intracellular ATP or mitochondrial <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) levels using FRET-based sensors indicated that the effects of bax deficiency on <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) handling were not due to enhanced cellular bioenergetics or increased <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) uptake into mitochondria. We also observed that mitochondria isolated from WT or bax-deficient cells similarly underwent <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)-induced permeability transition. However, when <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) uptake into the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum was blocked with the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, bax-deficient neurons showed strongly elevated cytosolic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) levels during NMDA excitation, suggesting that the ability of Bax to support dynamic ER <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) handling is critical for cell death signaling during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of neuronal overexcitation. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/351706-17$15.00/0.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-07-27/pdf/2011-19010.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-07-27/pdf/2011-19010.pdf"><span>76 FR 44834 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries; Northern Area Trophy Fishery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-27</p> <p>.... 110210132-1275-02] RIN 0648-XA550 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Fisheries... category fishery for large medium and giant (``trophy'') <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (BFT) for the remainder of.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Regulations implemented under the authority of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tunas Convention Act (16...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-13/pdf/2012-8910.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-13/pdf/2012-8910.pdf"><span>77 FR 22285 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-13</p> <p>... the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting AGENCY: National Marine... of a public meeting of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council's Technical Shrimp Review Panel. SUMMARY: The South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council (SAFMC) will hold a meeting of its Technical Shrimp...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5247943-species-profiles-life-histories-environmental-requirements-coastal-fishes-invertebrates-mid-atlantic-atlantic-silverside','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5247943-species-profiles-life-histories-environmental-requirements-coastal-fishes-invertebrates-mid-atlantic-atlantic-silverside"><span>Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>). <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> silverside</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Fay, C.W.; Neves, R.J.; Pardue, G.B.</p> <p>1983-10-01</p> <p>Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal aquatic species. They are prepared to assist in environmental impact assessment. The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> silverside (Menidia menidia) is an important link in estuarine food webs as an opportunistic omnivore and as forage for large piscivores such as striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). Many times the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> silverside is the most abundant fish species encountered in estuaries and tributaries. They mature at age 1 and spawn in the intertidal zone of estuaries from March to June in the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region. Few 2-year-oldmore » fish are ever encountered, so the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> silverside is basically a short-lived species. Most spawning occurs at high tide during new or full moon phases. Eggs are adhesive and are found attached to submerged vegetation. Larvae, juveniles, and adults generally inhabit similar areas. Sex is determined in larval development 32 to 46 days after hatching, and is a function of parental genotype and water temperature regime during the critical <span class="hlt">period</span>. Fisheries for this species are not documented. Eggs can tolerate water temperatures between 15/sup 0/ and 30/sup 0/C, and larvae need temperatures above 15/sup 0/C for survival. Larvae tolerate relatively acute temperature increases. Upper lethal temperatures for juveniles and adults range from 30.5/sup 0/ to 33.8/sup 0/C, depending on acclimation temperature. Salinities of 20 ppt or lower significantly delay hatching and affect larval survival. Juveniles and adults tolerate the full range of naturally occurring salinities (i.e., freshwater to at least 37.8 ppt). 57 references, 2 figures.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27539113','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27539113"><span>A randomised, family-focused dietary intervention to evaluate the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> diet: the GALIAT study protocol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Calvo-Malvar, Maria Del Mar; Leis, Rosaura; Benítez-Estévez, Alfonso Javier; Sánchez-Castro, Juan; Gude, Francisco</p> <p>2016-08-18</p> <p>The traditional diet of northwestern Spain and northern Portugal follows an '<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> diet' pattern. Adherence to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> diet has been related to the good metabolic health and low coronary mortality recorded for these regions. The GALIAT (Galicia Alimentación Atlántica [Galicia <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Diet]) study is a randomised, controlled, dietary intervention clinical trial designed to examine the effect of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> diet on the lipid profile, glucose metabolism, inflammation makers and adiposity of the general population. The trial involved 250 randomly selected families (715 adults and children over 3 years of age) from a town in Spain's northwest, randomly allocated to follow either a control diet (C group) or the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> diet (AD group) for a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 6 months. The families of the AD group received educational sessions on food, diet and gastronomy and were provided written supporting material with nutritional recommendations and recipes for the preparation of menus. They also attended cooking classes. Throughout the study <span class="hlt">period</span>, these families were provided a range of foods (free of charge) that form part of the traditional <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> diet. The C group families took part in none of the above activities, nor were they provided with any food. Lipid profile variables (primary variables), and anthropometric, inflammation marker and glucose metabolism status (secondary variables), were measured at baseline, three and six months. The GALIAT study is the first clinical trial to examine the effects of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> diet on metabolic and cardiovascular health and adiposity. If the study hypothesis is confirmed, this dietary pattern could be included in strategies to promote health. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02391701 on March 18, 2015.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS31B1397R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS31B1397R"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> near-surface salinity contrasts and intra-basin water vapor transfer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reagan, J. R.; Seidov, D.; Boyer, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The geographic distribution of near-surface salinity (NSS) in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is characterized by a very salty (>37) subtropical region contrasting with a much fresher (<35) subpolar area. Multiple studies have shown that preserving this salinity contrast is important for maintaining the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and that changes to this salinity balance may reduce the strength of the AMOC. High subtropical salinity is primarily due to evaporation (E) dominating precipitation (P), whereas low subpolar salinity is at least partly due to precipitation dominating evaporation. Present-day understanding of the fate of water vapor in the atmosphere over the extratropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is that the precipitation which falls in the subpolar region primarily originates from the water vapor produced through evaporation in the subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. With this knowledge and in conjunction with a basic understanding of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> storm tracks—the main meridional transport conduits in mid and high latitudes— a preliminary time and spatial correlation analysis was completed to relate the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> decadal climatological salinity between 1985 and 2012 to the evaporation and precipitation climatologies for the same <span class="hlt">period</span>. Preliminary results indicate that there is a clear connection between subtropical E-P and subpolar NSS. Additional results and potential implications will be presented and discussed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010390','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010390"><span>Northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Sea Surface Height and Ocean Heat Content Variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hakkinen, Sirpa; Rhines, Peter; Worthen, Denise L.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The evolution of nearly 20 years of altimetric sea surface height (SSH) is investigated to understand its association with decadal to multidecadal variability of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> heat content. Altimetric SSH is dominated by an increase of about 14 cm in the Labrador and Irminger seas from 1993 to 2011, while the opposite has occurred over the Gulf Stream region over the same time <span class="hlt">period</span>. During the altimeter <span class="hlt">period</span> the observed 0-700 m ocean heat content (OHC) in the subpolar gyre mirrors the increased SSH by its dominantly positive trend. Over a longer <span class="hlt">period</span>, 1955-2011, fluctuations in the subpolar OHC reflect <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal variability (AMV) and can be attributed to advection driven by the wind stress ''gyre mode'' bringing more subtropical waters into the subpolar gyre. The extended subpolar warming evident in SSH and OHC during the altimeter <span class="hlt">period</span> represents transition of the AMV from cold to warm phase. In addition to the dominant trend, the first empirical orthogonal function SSH time series shows an abrupt change 2009-2010 reaching a new minimum in 2010. The change coincides with the change in the meridional overturning circulation at 26.5N as observed by the RAPID (Rapid Climate Change) project, and with extreme behavior of the wind stress gyre mode and of atmospheric blocking. While the general relationship between northern warming and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) volume transport remains undetermined, the meridional heat and salt transport carried by AMOC's arteries are rich with decade-to-century timescale variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.1361H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.1361H"><span>New Archeomagnetic Directional Records From Iron Age Southern Africa (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 425-1550 CE) and Implications for the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Anomaly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hare, Vincent J.; Tarduno, John A.; Huffman, Thomas; Watkeys, Michael; Thebe, Phenyo C.; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Bono, Richard K.; Cottrell, Rory D.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The paucity of Southern Hemisphere archeomagnetic data limits the resolution of paleosecular variation models. At the same time, important changes in the modern and historical field, including the recent dipole decay, appear to originate in this region. Here a new directional record from southern Africa is presented from analysis of Iron Age (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 425-1550 CE) archeological materials, which extends the regional secular variation curve back to the first millennium. Previous studies have identified a <span class="hlt">period</span> of rapid directional change between 1225 and ˜1550 CE. The new data allow us to identify an earlier <span class="hlt">period</span> of relatively rapid change between the sixth and seventh centuries CE. Implications for models of recurrent flux expulsion at the core-mantle boundary are discussed. In addition, we identify a possible relationship of changes recorded in these African data with archeomagnetic jerks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP41F..06K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP41F..06K"><span>Reconstructing medieval climate in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> with corals from Anegada, British Virgin Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kilbourne, K. H.; Xu, Y. Y.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Resolving the patterns of climate variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is key for exploring forced versus unforced variability during the last 1000 years. Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate is currently not well resolved during the MCA despite it being an important source of heat and moisture to the climate system today. To fill this data gap, we collected cores from Diploria strigosa corals brought onto the low-lying island of Anegada, British Virgin Islands (18.7˚N, 64.3˚S) during an overwash event and use paired analysis of Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18O in the skeletal aragonite to explore climate in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> at the end of the MCA. The three sub-fossil corals used in this analysis overlap temporally and together span the years 1256-1372 C.E. An assessment of three modern corals from the study site indicates that the most robust features of climate reconstructions using Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18O in this species are the seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability. The modern seasonal temperature range is 2.8 degrees Celsius and the similarity between the modern and sub-fossil coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> indicates a similar range during the MCA. Today seasonal salinity changes locally are driven in large part by the migration of a regional salinity front. The modern corals capture the related large seasonal seawater δ18O change, but the sub-fossil corals indicate stable seawater δ18O throughout the year, supporting the idea that this site remained on one side of the salinity front continuously throughout the year. Inter-annual variability in the region is influenced by the cross-equatorial SST gradient, the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation and ENSO. Gridded instrumental SST from the area surrounding Anegada and coral geochemical records from nearby Puerto Rico demonstrate concentrations of variance in specific frequency bands associated with these phenomena. The sub-fossil coral shows no concentration of variance in the modern ENSO frequency band, consistent with reduced ENSO</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy...49.2649H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy...49.2649H"><span>Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Korea teleconnection pattern during boreal summer season</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ham, Yoo-Geun; Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu; Kug, Jong-Seong; Kimoto, Masahide; Mochizuki, Takashi</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The remote impact of tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature (SST) variability on Korean summer precipitation is examined based on observational data analysis along with the idealized and hindcast model experiments. Observations show a significant correlation (i.e. 0.64) between Korean precipitation anomalies (averaged over 120-130°E, 35-40°N) and the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST index (averaged over 60°W-20°E, 30°S-30°N) during the June-July-August (JJA) season for the 1979-2010 <span class="hlt">period</span>. Our observational analysis and partial-data assimilation experiments using the coupled general circulation model demonstrate that tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST warming induces the equatorial low-level easterly over the western Pacific through a reorganization of the global Walker Circulation, causing a decreased precipitation over the off-equatorial western Pacific. As a Gill-type response to this diabatic forcing, an anomalous low-level anticyclonic circulation appears over the Philippine Sea, which transports wet air from the tropics to East Asia through low-level southerly, resulting an enhanced precipitation in the Korean peninsula. Multi-model hindcast experiments also show that predictive skills of Korean summer precipitation are improved by utilizing predictions of tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST anomalies as a predictor for Korean precipitation anomalies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714427E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714427E"><span>Decadal slowdown in global air temperature rise triggered by variability in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>England, Matthew H.</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Various explanations have been proposed for the recent slowdown in global surface air temperature (SAT) rise, either involving enhanced ocean heat uptake or reduced radiation reaching Earth's surface. Among the mechanisms postulated involving enhanced ocean heat uptake, past work has argued for both a Pacific and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> origin, with additional contributions from the Southern Ocean. Here we examine the mechanisms driving 'hiatus' <span class="hlt">periods</span> originating out of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. We show that while <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-driven hiatuses are entirely plausible and consistent with known climate feedbacks associated with variability in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the present climate state is configured to enhance global-average SAT, not reduce it. We show that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hiatuses are instead characterised by anomalously cool fresh oceanic conditions in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, with the atmosphere advecting the cool temperature signature zonally. Compared to the 1980s and 1990s, however, the mean climate since 2001 has been characterised by a warm saline North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, suggesting the AMOC cannot be implicated as a direct driver of the current hiatus. We further discuss the impacts of a warm tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> on the unprecedented trade wind acceleration in the Pacific Ocean, and propose that this is the main way that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> has contributed to the present "false pause" in global warming.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AdAtS..28...16P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AdAtS..28...16P"><span>Influence of the Saharan Air Layer on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclone formation during the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1-12 September 2003</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pan, Weiyu; Wu, Liguang; Shie, Chung-Lin</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data show that the Saharan air layer (SAL) is a dry, warm, and well-mixed layer between 950 and 500 hPa over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, extending westward from the African coast to the Caribbean Sea. The formations of both Hurricane Isabel and Tropical Depression 14 (TD14) were accompanied with outbreaks of SAL air during the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1-12 September 2003, although TD14 failed to develop into a named tropical cyclone. The influence of the SAL on their formations is investigated by examining data from satellite observations and numerical simulations, in which AIRS data are incorporated into the MM5 model through the nudging technique. Analyses of the AIRS and simulation data suggest that the SAL may have played two roles in the formation of tropical cyclones during the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1-12 September 2003. First, the outbreaks of SAL air on 3 and 8 September enhanced the transverse-vertical circulation with the rising motion along the southern edge of the SAL and the sinking motion inside the SAL, triggering the development of two tropical disturbances associated with Hurricane Isabel and TD14. Second, in addition to the reduced environmental humidity and enhanced static stability in the lower troposphere, the SAL dry air intruded into the inner region of these tropical disturbances as their cyclonic flows became strong. This effect may have slowed down the formation of Isabel and inhibited TD14 becoming a named tropical cyclone, while the enhanced vertical shear contributed little to tropical cyclone formation during this <span class="hlt">period</span>. The 48-h trajectory calculations confirm that the parcels from the SAL can be transported into the inner region of an incipient tropical cyclone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.492...12P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.492...12P"><span>Oceanographic and climatic evolution of the southeastern subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> over the last 3.5 Ma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Petrick, Benjamin; McClymont, Erin L.; Littler, Kate; Rosell-Melé, Antoni; Clarkson, Matthew O.; Maslin, Mark; Röhl, Ursula; Shevenell, Amelia E.; Pancost, Richard D.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The southeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is dominated by two major oceanic systems: the Benguela Upwelling System, one of the world's most productive coastal upwelling cells and the Agulhas Leakage, which is important for transferring warm salty water from the Indian Ocean to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Here, we present a multi-proxy record of marine sediments from ODP Site 1087. We reconstruct sea surface temperatures (U37K‧ and TEX86 indices), marine primary productivity (total chlorin and alkenone mass accumulation rates), and terrestrial inputs derived from southern Africa (Ti/Al and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>/Ti via XRF scanning) to understand the evolution of the Southeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean since the late Pliocene. In the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, ODP Site 1087 was situated within the Benguela Upwelling System, which was displaced southwards relative to present. We recognize a series of events in the proxy records at 3.3, 3.0, 2.2, 1.5, 0.9 and 0.6 Ma, which are interpreted to reflect a combination of changes in the location of major global wind and oceanic systems and local variations in the strength and/or position of the winds, which influence nutrient availability. Although there is a temporary SST cooling observed around the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG), proxy records from ODP Site 1087 show no clear climatic transition around 2.7 Ma but instead most of the changes occur before this time. This observation is significant because it has been previously suggested that there should be a change in the location and/or strength of upwelling associated with this climate transition. Rather, the main shifts at ODP Site 1087 occur at <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 0.9 Ma and 0.6 Ma, associated with the early mid-Pleistocene transition (EMPT), with a clear loss of the previous upwelling-dominated regime. This observation raises the possibility that reorganisation of southeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean circulation towards modern conditions was tightly linked to the EMPT, but not to earlier climate transitions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.5208F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.5208F"><span>New results to discuss possibility of irrigation in Bat (Wadi Sharsah, northwestern Oman) before Hafit <span class="hlt">period</span> (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 3100-2700 BCE)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fouache, Eric; Desruelles, Stéphane; Eddargach, Wassel; Cammas, Cecilia; Wattez, Julia; Martin, Chloé; Tengberg, Margareta; Beuzen-Waller, Tara; Cable, Charlotte; Thornton, Christopher</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Registered as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1989, the extensive archaeological site of Bat is situated within the Wadi Sharsah and around the modern village and palm grove of Bat, 24 km from the modern city of Ibri in northwestern Oman. The archaeological remains from the Bronze Age excavated by the Bat Archaeological Project are located in two mains areas. The northern area consists of a chain of low limestone hills cut by wadi tributaries leading to the main Wadi Sharsah. It is characterised by an exceptionnally high density of graves from two successive Bronze Age <span class="hlt">periods</span> : Hafit (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 3100-2700 BCE) and Umm an-Nar (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 2700-2000 BCE). South of the Bat cemetery, in the flat part of the valley, there are several large circular structures (known historically as « towers ») and remains from both Hafit and Umm an-Nar <span class="hlt">periods</span>, as well as later <span class="hlt">periods</span>. Geomorphological mapping of the floodplain, associated with archaeological survey, have identified walls suggesting that during the Umm an-Nar <span class="hlt">period</span> there was a system of irrigation which controlled flood water. Sedimentological, malacological, C14 dating and micromorphological studies of a 10 m long and 2.5 m high section located 143 m northeast of the Tower 1146 on the left bank of a small tributary of the Wadi Sharsah provide strong argument for the presence of an irrigation system that began before the Hafit <span class="hlt">period</span>. New C14 datings confirm this hypothesis. Botanical macro-remains collected during the excavation of early Bronze Age structures at Bat further indicate the presence of date palm gardens since the 3rd millenium BCE allowing the cultivation of several crop species, in particular cereals. Most generally the global palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from our data supports a model of a general trend of aridification from Bronze Age to iron Age. Key words : Bronze Age, Holocene, Geomoephology, Micromorphology, Irrigation, Oman.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OcDyn..68..327D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OcDyn..68..327D"><span>Revisiting tropical instability wave variability in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ocean using SODA reanalysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>de Decco, Hatsue Takanaca; Torres Junior, Audalio Rebelo; Pezzi, Luciano Ponzi; Landau, Luiz</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The spatial and temporal variability of energy exchange in Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean were investigated. A spectral analysis was used to filter the 5-day mean results from Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis spanning from 1958 to 2008. TIWs were filtered over <span class="hlt">periods</span> of 15 to 60 days and between wavelengths of 4 and 20 longitude degrees. The main approach of this study was the use of bidirectionally filtered TIW time series as the perturbation fields, and the difference in these time series from the SODA total results was considered to be the basic state for energetics analysis. The main result was that the annual cycle (<span class="hlt">period</span> of 360 days) was the main source of variability of the waves, and the semi-annual cycle (<span class="hlt">period</span> of 180 days) was a secondary variation, which indicated that TIWs occurred throughout the year but with intensity that varies seasonally. In SODA, barotropic instability acts as the mechanism that feeds and extracts energy to/from TIWs at equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Baroclinic instability is the main mechanism that extracts energy from TIWs to the equatorial circulation north of the Equator. All TIW patterns of variability were observed western of 10° W. The present study reveals new evidences regarding TIW variability and suggests that future investigations should include a detailed description of TIW dynamics as part of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean equatorial circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PrOce.160...83O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PrOce.160...83O"><span>Variation in the diel vertical distributions of larvae and transforming stages of oceanic fishes across the tropical and equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Olivar, M. Pilar; Contreras, Tabit; Hulley, P. Alexander; Emelianov, Mikhail; López-Pérez, Cristina; Tuset, Víctor; Castellón, Arturo</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The vertical distributions of early developmental stages of oceanic fishes were investigated across the tropical and equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, from oligotrophic waters close to the Brazilian coast to more productive waters close to the Mauritanian Upwelling Region. Stratification of the water column was observed throughout the study region. Fishes were caught with a MOCNESS-1 net with mouth area of 1 m2 at 11 stations. Each station was sampled both during the day and at night within a single 24-h <span class="hlt">period</span>. The investigation covered both larvae and transforming stages from the surface to 800 m depth. Distribution patterns were analysed, and weighted mean depths for the larvae and transforming stages of each species were calculated for day and night conditions. Forty-seven different species were found. The highest number of species occurred in the three stations south of Cape Verde Islands, characterized by a mixture of South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Central Water (SACW) and Eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Central Water (ENACW). There was a marked drop in species richness in the three stations closer to the African upwelling, dominated by ENACW. The highest abundances occurred in the families Myctophidae, Sternoptychidae, Gonostomatidae and Phosichthyidae. Day and night vertical distributions of larvae and transforming stages showed contrasting patterns, both in the depths of the main concentration layers in the water column, and in the diel migration patterns (where these were observed). Larvae generally showed a preference for the upper mixed layer (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 0-50 m) and upper thermocline (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 50-100 m), except for sternoptychids, which were also abundant in the lower thermocline layer (100-200 m) and even extended into the mesopelagic zone (down to 500 m). Transforming stages showed a more widespread distribution, with main concentrations in the mesopelagic zone (200-800 m). Larvae showed peak concentrations in the more illuminated and zooplankton-rich upper mixed layers during the day and a wider</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=107121&keyword=fear&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=107121&keyword=fear&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS IN BENTHIC COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN WESTERN <span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> ESTUARIES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates from estuaries along the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast of North America from Cape Cod, MA, to Biscayne Bay, FL, were compared. Benthic data were collected over a 5 year <span class="hlt">period</span> (1990 to 1995) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Envi...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7246961-earthquakes-north-atlantic-passive-margins','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7246961-earthquakes-north-atlantic-passive-margins"><span>Earthquakes at North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> passive margins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gregersen, S.; Basham, P.W.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>The main focus of this volume is the earthquakes that occur at and near the continental margins on both sides of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The book, which contains the proceedings of the NATO workshop on Causes and Effects of Earthquakes at Passive Margins and in Areas of Postglacial Rebound on Both Sides of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, draws together the fields of geophysics, geology and geodesy to address the stress and strain in the Earth's crust. The resulting earthquakes produced on ancient geological fault zones and the associated seismic hazards these pose to man are also addressed. Postglacial rebound in Northmore » America and Fennoscandia is a minor source of earthquakes today, during the interglacial <span class="hlt">period</span>, but evidence is presented to suggest that the ice sheets suppressed earthquake strain while they were in place, and released this strain as a pulse of significant earthquakes after the ice melted about 9000 years ago.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApPhL..92f2508Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApPhL..92f2508Y"><span>Optical magnetoelectric effect at <span class="hlt">Ca</span>RuO3-<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MnO3 interfaces as a polar ferromagnet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yamada, Hiroyuki; Sato, H.; Akoh, H.; Kida, N.; Arima, T.; Kawasaki, M.; Tokura, Y.</p> <p>2008-02-01</p> <p>A correlated electron interface between paramagnetic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>RuO3 and antiferromagnetic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MnO3 has been characterized with optical magnetoelectric (OME) effect as an interface-selective probe for spin and charge states. To detect the OME effect, i.e., nonreciprocal directional dichroism for visible or near-infrared light, we have constructed a "tricolor" superlattice with artificially broken inversion symmetry by stacking <span class="hlt">Ca</span>RuO3, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MnO3, and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>TiO3, and patterned a grating structure with 4μm <span class="hlt">period</span> on the superlattice. The observed intensity modulation (0.3% at 50K) in the Bragg diffraction verifies a charge transfer and concomitant ferromagnetism at the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>RuO3-<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MnO3 interface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JCli...11..831G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JCli...11..831G"><span>A Decadal Climate Cycle in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean as Simulated by the ECHO Coupled GCM.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grötzner, A.; Latif, M.; Barnett, T. P.</p> <p>1998-05-01</p> <p>In this paper a decadal climate cycle in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> that was derived from an extended-range integration with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model is described. The decadal mode shares many features with the observed decadal variability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The <span class="hlt">period</span> of the simulated oscillation, however, is somewhat longer than that estimated from observations. While the observations indicate a <span class="hlt">period</span> of about 12 yr, the coupled model simulation yields a <span class="hlt">period</span> of about 17 yr. The cyclic nature of the decadal variability implies some inherent predictability at these timescales.The decadal mode is based on unstable air-sea interactions and must be therefore regarded as an inherently coupled mode. It involves the subtropical gyre and the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oscillation. The memory of the coupled system, however, resides in the ocean and is related to horizontal advection and to the oceanic adjustment to low-frequency wind stress curl variations. In particular, it is found that variations in the intensity of the Gulf Stream and its extension are crucial to the oscillation. Although differing in details, the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> decadal mode and the North Pacific mode described by M. Latif and T. P. Barnett are based on the same fundamental mechanism: a feedback loop between the wind driven subtropical gyre and the extratropical atmospheric circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-04-27/pdf/2010-9738.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-04-27/pdf/2010-9738.pdf"><span>75 FR 22103 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act Provisions; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Shark Fishery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-27</p> <p>... Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act Provisions; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Shark Fishery AGENCY: National... <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act (Act), NMFS, upon a delegation of authority from the... Plan for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coastal Sharks (Plan) and that the measures New Jersey has failed to implement and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4171O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4171O"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> observations sharpen meridional overturning projections</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Olson, R.; An, S.-I.; Fan, Y.; Evans, J. P.; Caesar, L.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) projections are uncertain due to both model errors, as well as internal climate variability. An AMOC slowdown projected by many climate models is likely to have considerable effects on many aspects of global and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate. Previous studies to make probabilistic AMOC projections have broken new ground. However, they do not drift-correct or cross-validate the projections, and do not fully account for internal variability. Furthermore, they consider a limited subset of models, and ignore the skill of models at representing the temporal North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> dynamics. We improve on previous work by applying Bayesian Model Averaging to weight 13 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models by their skill at modeling the AMOC strength, and its temporal dynamics, as approximated by the northern North-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> temperature-based AMOC Index. We make drift-corrected projections accounting for structural model errors, and for the internal variability. Cross-validation experiments give approximately correct empirical coverage probabilities, which validates our method. Our results present more evidence that AMOC likely already started slowing down. While weighting considerably moderates and sharpens our projections, our results are at low end of previously published estimates. We project mean AMOC changes between <span class="hlt">periods</span> 1960-1999 and 2060-2099 of -4.0 Sv and -6.8 Sv for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios respectively. The corresponding average 90% credible intervals for our weighted experiments are [-7.2, -1.2] and [-10.5, -3.7] Sv respectively for the two scenarios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...121f5103B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...121f5103B"><span>Dependence of electrical transport properties of <span class="hlt">CaO(Ca</span>MnO3)m (m = 1, 2, 3, ∞) thermoelectric oxides on lattice <span class="hlt">periodicity</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baranovskiy, Andrei; Amouyal, Yaron</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>The electrical transport properties of <span class="hlt">CaO(Ca</span>MnO3)m (m = 1, 2, 3, ∞) compounds are studied applying the density functional theory (DFT) in terms of band structure at the vicinity of the Fermi level (EF). It is shown that the total density of states (DOS) values at EF increase with increase in the m-values, which implies an increase in the electrical conductivity, σ, with increasing m-values, in full accordance with experimental results. Additionally, the calculated values of the relative slopes of the DOS at EF correlate with the experimentally measured Seebeck coefficients. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients were calculated in the framework of the Boltzmann transport theory applying the constant relaxation time approximation. By the analysis of experimental and calculated σ(Τ) dependences, the electronic relaxation time and mean free path values were estimated. It is shown that the electrical transport is dominated by electron scattering on the boundaries between perovskite (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MnO3) and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> oxide (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>O) layers inside the crystal lattice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16962186','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16962186"><span><span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signaling and early embryonic patterning during the blastula and gastrula <span class="hlt">periods</span> of zebrafish and Xenopus development.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Webb, Sarah E; Miller, Andrew L</p> <p>2006-11-01</p> <p>It has been proposed that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) signaling, in the form of pulses, waves and steady gradients, may play a crucial role in key pattern forming events during early vertebrate development [L.F. Jaffe, Organization of early development by calcium patterns, BioEssays 21 (1999) 657-667; M.J. Berridge, P. Lipp, M.D. Bootman, The versatility and universality of calcium signaling, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 1 (2000) 11-21; S.E. Webb, A.L. Miller, Calcium signalling during embryonic development, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4 (2003) 539-551]. With reference to the embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the frog, Xenopus laevis, we review the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) signals reported during the Blastula and Gastrula <span class="hlt">Periods</span>. This developmental window encompasses the major pattern forming events of epiboly, involution, and convergent extension, which result in the establishment of the basic germ layers and body axes [C.B. Kimmel, W.W. Ballard, S.R. Kimmel, B. Ullmann, T.F. Schilling, Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish, Dev. Dyn. 203 (1995) 253-310]. Data will be presented to support the suggestion that propagating waves (both long and short range) of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) release, followed by sequestration, may play a crucial role in: (1) Coordinating cell movements during these pattern forming events and (2) Contributing to the establishment of the basic embryonic axes, as well as (3) Helping to define the morphological boundaries of specific tissue domains and embryonic structures, including future organ anlagen [E. Gilland, A.L. Miller, E. Karplus, R. Baker, S.E. Webb, Imaging of multicellular large-scale rhythmic calcium waves during zebrafish gastrulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999) 157-161; J.B. Wallingford, A.J. Ewald, R.M. Harland, S.E. Fraser, Calcium signaling during convergent extension in Xenopus, Curr. Biol. 11 (2001) 652-661]. The various potential targets of these <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) transients will also be discussed, as well as how they might integrate with other known pattern forming</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JMS.....1..229B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JMS.....1..229B"><span>A note on Bjerkne's hypothesis for North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bryan, Kirk; Stouffer, Ron</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>On decadal time-scales the historical surface temperature record over land in the Northern Hemisphere is dominated by polar amplified variations. These variations are coherent with SST anomalies concentrated in the Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, but extending with lesser amplitude into the North Pacific as well. Bierknes suggested that multi-year SST anomalies in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> were due to irregular changes in the intensity of the thermohaline circulation. In support of the Bjerknes hypothesis there is evidence that winter overturning in the Labrador Sea was suppressed for a brief <span class="hlt">period</span> from 1967-1969 by a cap of relative fresh water at the surface. Cause and effect are unclear, but this event was associated with a marked cooling of the entire Northern Hemisphere. The difference in SST averaged over the Northern Hemisphere oceans and SST averaged over the Southern Hemisphere oceans from the equator to 40°S is coherent with Sahel summer rainfall on decadal time scales. Empirical evidence is supported by numerical experiments with the British Meteorological Office atmospheric climate model which simulate augmented monsoonal rainfall in the Sahel region of Africa in response to realistic warm SST anomalies in the Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. A coupled ocean-atmosphere global model exhibits two equilibrium climate states. One has an active thermohaline circulation in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the other does not. The two climate states provide an extreme example which illustrates the type of large scale air sea interaction Bjerknes visualized as a mechanism for North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate variability on decadal time-scales.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.U13A0808S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.U13A0808S"><span>Tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coral-Based Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity Reconstructions From the Little Ice Age and Early Holocene</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saenger, C.; Cohen, A.; Oppo, D.; Hubbard, D.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Understanding the magnitude and spatial extent of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) cooling during the Little Ice Age (~1400-1850 A.D.; LIA) is important for elucidating low-latitude paleoclimate, but present estimates are poorly constrained. We used Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18O variability within the aragonitic skeleton of the coral genus Montastrea to reconstruct SST and sea surface salinity (SSS) during the LIA and early Holocene (EH) in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Four seasonally-resolved coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Bermuda indicate SST is highly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with modern Montastrea Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and mean annual coral extension. A Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> -SST calibration that combines temperature and growth rate effects on coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> was applied to fossil St. Croix corals to reconstruct Caribbean climate during 5-10 year intervals of the LIA (440 ± 30 yBP) and EH (7200 ± 30; EH). Contrary to previous coral-based LIA proxy reconstructions, we find mean SST during the LIA was similar to today, but approximately 1.2°C cooler during the EH. Both <span class="hlt">periods</span> exhibited higher amplitude seasonal variability indicating other SST estimates may be seasonally biased. Based on residual coral δ18O, we find the LIA and EH were saltier, which suggests previous cooling estimates of 1-3°C relative to today may be exaggerated by changes in seawater δ18O. Our results are consistent with a southerly migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the LIA, but their corroboration requires longer, high-resolution proxy reconstructions that place our two brief multi-annual coral records from the LIA and EH, respectively, within the context of multi-decadal variability.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.4238B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.4238B"><span>Increasing Magnitude of Hurricane Rapid Intensification in the Central and Eastern Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Balaguru, Karthik; Foltz, Gregory R.; Leung, L. Ruby</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Rapid intensification (RI) of hurricanes is notoriously difficult to predict and can contribute to severe destruction and loss of life. While past studies examined the frequency of RI occurrence, changes in RI magnitude were not considered. Here we explore changes in RI magnitude over the 30-year satellite <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1986-2015. In the central and eastern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, which includes much of the main development region, the 95th percentile of 24-hr intensity changes increased at 3.8 knots per decade. In the western tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, encompassing the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, trends are insignificant. Our analysis reveals that warming of the upper ocean coinciding with the positive phase of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation, and associated changes in the large-scale environment, has predominantly favored RI magnitude increases in the central and eastern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These results have substantial implications for the eastern Caribbean Islands, some of which were devastated during the 2017 hurricane season.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMS...180..237M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMS...180..237M"><span>Are life histories of Norwegian fjord herring populations of Pacific ancestry similar to those of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> or Pacific herring?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mikkelsen, Nina; Pedersen, Torstein; dos Santos Schmidt, Thassya Christina; Falk-Petersen, Inger-Britt; Slotte, Aril</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Herring from two unexploited fjord populations, Lake Rossfjord (LRH, n = 100) and Balsfjord (BFH, n = 420) in northern Norway, were sampled in 2014 and 2015. Life history characteristics were analysed and compared to the oceanic Norwegian spring-spawning herring (NSSH), and other <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific herring stocks. Genetic studies have shown that LRH and BFH are ancestors evolved from Pacific herring that hybridized with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> herring. This study shows that both LRH and BFH mature at a relatively early age, at 2-3 years and <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 4 years respectively, compared to <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 5 years for NSSH. The spawning stocks of LRH and BFH consist of small fish and contain relatively few age classes. Both fjord populations have slow growth after sexual maturity; LRH has a very low asymptotic length (L∞ = 19.8 cm), while that of BFH is higher (L∞ of 28.5 cm); both these values being lower than that of NSSH (L∞ of <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 37 cm). The somatic relative fecundity of LRH is 176.6 oocytes g- 1, while the somatic relative fecundity of recruit and repeat BFH spawners is 152.4 and 183.1 oocytes g- 1, respectively. These estimates are lower than those for NSSH and other <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> herring fjord populations, but comparable with other Pacific herring. Due to the smaller body sizes of the spawners in the LRH and BFH populations, absolute fecundity is much lower than in NSSH. The gonadosomatic indices of prespawning fish are similar in LRH and BFH, being slightly higher compared to the NSSH, but lower than values reported for Pacific herring. The natural mortality rates of LRH and BFH (M = 0.64 year- 1 and M = 0.76 year- 1, respectively) are much higher than in NSSH (M = 0.15 year- 1) and most other <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> herring populations, except the Lusterfjord herring. However, these high mortality rates are similar to those of several Pacific herring populations. It is concluded that LRH and BFH show low somatic growth and high natural mortality rate. These life history characteristics differ from those of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFMPP51A0279K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFMPP51A0279K"><span>Novel Proxies Approach to Characterise Ice Rafting Events in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kornilova, O.; Russell, M.; Rosell-Melé, A.; Evans, I. S.</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>During the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>, there have been several episodes of quasi-<span class="hlt">periodic</span> iceberg discharge from the ice sheets into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (Heinrich Events) (Heinrich, 1988). These episodes are recorded in Quaternary sediments as layers of ice rafted debris (IRD). Properties of sediments in these Heinrich Layers (HLs) differ from those of adjacent ambient sediments. Heinrich Events (HEs) are associated with changes in global climate. To determine the cause of HEs, work on provenance of IRD was undertaken. Previous studies included analysis of bulk properties of lithic and organic matter in IRD and an attempt to correlate them with those of possible continental sources (e.g. Grousset et al., 2001). We used biomarker approach to characterise the provenance of IRD in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, similar to oil-source rock correlation used in petroleum industry. In this work, biomarker composition of Heinrich Layers from several North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cores was compared with that of possible source areas. As a proxy for source of IRD, we analysed glaciogenic debris flows from trough mouth fans (TMF) that formed as a result of iceberg discharge (Vorren and Laberg, 1997). Those included samples from the Nordic Seas, Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay. Different classes of organic compounds (e.g. photosynthetic pigments and hydrocarbons) were characterised. Variability within each class, relative abundances of different components and isotopic signatures were considered. Biomarker fingerprints were compared within each core, within each TMF and between TMFs. Cluster analysis was performed to correlate sources of IRD (TMFs) and its sinks (HLs from several North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cores). Grousset et al. 2001. Zooming in on Heinrich layers. Paleoceanography, 16, 240-259. Heinrich, H. 1988. Origin and Consequence of Ice Rafting In Northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean During the Past 130,000 Years. Quaternary Research, 29, 143-152. Vorren and Laberg. 1997. Trough Mouth Fans - Palaeoclimate and Ice-Sheet Monitors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070032937','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070032937"><span>Shifting Surface Currents in the Northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hakkinen, Sirpa; Rhines, Peter B.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Analysis of surface drifter tracks in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean from the time <span class="hlt">period</span> 1990 to 2006 provides the first evidence that the Gulf Stream waters can have direct pathways to the Nordic Seas. Prior to 2000, the drifters entering the channels leading to the Nordic Seas originated in the western and central subpolar region. Since 2001 several paths from the western subtropics have been present in the drifter tracks leading to the Rockall Trough through which the most saline North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Waters pass to the Nordic Seas. Eddy kinetic energy from altimetry shows also the increased energy along the same paths as the drifters, These near surface changes have taken effect while the altimetry shows a continual weakening of the subpolar gyre. These findings highlight the changes in the vertical structure of the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, its dynamics and exchanges with the higher latitudes, and show how pathways of the thermohaline circulation can open up and maintain or increase its intensity even as the basin-wide circulation spins down.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15800620','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15800620"><span>Decline of the marine ecosystem caused by a reduction in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning circulation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmittner, Andreas</p> <p>2005-03-31</p> <p>Reorganizations of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation were associated with large and abrupt climatic changes in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Projections with climate models suggest that similar reorganizations may also occur in response to anthropogenic global warming. Here I use ensemble simulations with a coupled climate-ecosystem model of intermediate complexity to investigate the possible consequences of such disturbances to the marine ecosystem. In the simulations, a disruption of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation leads to a collapse of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> plankton stocks to less than half of their initial biomass, owing to rapid shoaling of winter mixed layers and their associated separation from the deep ocean nutrient reservoir. Globally integrated export production declines by more than 20 per cent owing to reduced upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water and gradual depletion of upper ocean nutrient concentrations. These model results are consistent with the available high-resolution palaeorecord, and suggest that global ocean productivity is sensitive to changes in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GGG....18.4276M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GGG....18.4276M"><span>Environmental Controls on Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in Neogloboquadrina incompta: A Core-Top Study From the Subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morley, Audrey; Babila, Tali L.; Wright, James; Ninnemann, Ulysses; Kleiven, Kikki; Irvali, Nil; Rosenthal, Yair</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Magnesium/calcium paleothermometry is an established tool for reconstructing past surface and deep-sea temperatures. However, our understanding of nonthermal environmental controls on the uptake of Mg into the calcitic lattice of foraminiferal tests remains limited. Here we present a combined analysis of multiple trace element/calcium ratios and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) geochemistry on the subpolar planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina incompta to assess the validity of Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> as a proxy for surface ocean temperature. We identify small size-specific offsets in Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18Oc values for N. incompta that are consistent with depth habitat migration patterns throughout the life cycle of this species. Additionally, an assessment of nonthermal controls on Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values reveals that (1) the presence of volcanic ash, (2) the addition of high-Mg abiotic overgrowths, and (3) ambient seawater carbonate chemistry can have a significant impact on the Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-to-temperature relationship. For carbonate-ion concentrations of values > 200 μmol kg-1, we find that temperature exerts the dominant control on Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values, while at values < 200 μmol kg-1 the carbonate-ion concentration of seawater increases the uptake of Mg, thereby resulting in higher-than-expected Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values at low temperatures. We propose two independent correction schemes to remove the effects of volcanic ash and carbonate-ion concentration on Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values in N. incompta within the calibration data set. Applying the corrections improves the fidelity of past ocean temperature reconstructions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMGC51G0812C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMGC51G0812C"><span>A 320-year AMM+SOI Index Reconstruction from Historical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tropical Cyclone Records</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chenoweth, M.; Divine, D.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Trends in the frequency of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones, including major hurricanes, are dominated by those originating in the deep tropics. In addition, these tropical cyclones are stronger when making landfall and their total power dissipation is higher than storms forming elsewhere in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin. Both the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Mode (AMM) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are the leading modes of coupled air-sea interaction in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific, respectively, and have well-established relationships with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane variability. Here we use a 320-year record of tropical cyclone activity in the Lesser Antilles region of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> from historical manuscript and newspaper records to reconstruct a normalized seasonal (July-October) index combining the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and AMM employing both the modern analog technique and back-propagation artificial neural networks. Our results indicate that the AMM+SOI index since 1690 shows no long-term trend but is dominated by both short-term (<10 years) and long-term (quasi-decadal to bi-decadal) variations. The decadal-scale variation is consistent with both instrumental and proxy records elsewhere from the global tropics. Distinct <span class="hlt">periods</span> of high and low index values, corresponding to high and low tropical cyclone frequency, are regularly-appearing features in the record and provides further evidence that natural decadal -scale variability in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclone frequency must be accounted for when determining trends in records and attribution of climate change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-04-29/pdf/2011-10452.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-04-29/pdf/2011-10452.pdf"><span>76 FR 23935 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management Measures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-29</p> <p>.... 110120049-1144-01] RIN 0648-BA69 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management Measures... retention, transshipping, landing, storing, or selling of hammerhead sharks in the family Sphyrnidae (except for Sphyrna tiburo) and oceanic whitetip sharks (Carcharhinus longimanus) caught in association with...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26ES...48a2004S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26ES...48a2004S"><span>Influence of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> dipole on climate changes over Eurasia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Serykh, I. V.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, some hydrophysical and meteorological characteristics of negative (1948-1976 and 1999-2015) and positive (1977-1998) phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Eurasia are constructed and investigated. Specifically, the near-surface temperature, sea-level atmospheric pressure, wind speed, heat content of the upper 700 m ocean layer, water temperature and salinity at various depths, the latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere are analyzed. The fields obtained are in good agreement and complement each other. This gives important information about the hydrometeorological conditions in the region under study. Analysis of these data has shown that in the upper 1000 m North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> layer there is a thermal dipole which can be interpreted as an oceanic analog of the atmospheric North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). An index of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Dipole (NAD) as the difference between the mean heat contents in the upper 700 m oceanic layer between the regions (50°-70° N; 60°-10° W) and (20°-40° N; 80°-30° W) is proposed. A possible physical mechanism of the internal oscillations with a quasi-60-year <span class="hlt">period</span> in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantics</span>- Eurasia system of ocean-atmosphere interactions is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3896027','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3896027"><span>Historical DNA reveals the demographic history of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod (Gadus morhua) in medieval and early modern Iceland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ólafsdóttir, Guðbjörg Ásta; Westfall, Kristen M.; Edvardsson, Ragnar; Pálsson, Snæbjörn</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod (Gadus morhua) vertebrae from archaeological sites were used to study the history of the Icelandic <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod population in the time <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1500–1990. Specifically, we used coalescence modelling to estimate population size and fluctuations from the sequence diversity at the cytochrome b (cytb) and Pantophysin I (PanI) loci. The models are consistent with an expanding population during the warm medieval <span class="hlt">period</span>, large historical effective population size (NE), a marked bottleneck event at 1400–1500 and a decrease in NE in early modern times. The model results are corroborated by the reduction of haplotype and nucleotide variation over time and pairwise population distance as a significant portion of nucleotide variation partitioned across the 1550 time mark. The mean age of the historical fished stock is high in medieval times with a truncation in age in early modern times. The population size crash coincides with a <span class="hlt">period</span> of known cooling in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and we conclude that the collapse may be related to climate or climate-induced ecosystem change. PMID:24403343</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24403343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24403343"><span>Historical DNA reveals the demographic history of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod (Gadus morhua) in medieval and early modern Iceland.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ólafsdóttir, Guðbjörg Ásta; Westfall, Kristen M; Edvardsson, Ragnar; Pálsson, Snæbjörn</p> <p>2014-02-22</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod (Gadus morhua) vertebrae from archaeological sites were used to study the history of the Icelandic <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod population in the time <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1500-1990. Specifically, we used coalescence modelling to estimate population size and fluctuations from the sequence diversity at the cytochrome b (cytb) and Pantophysin I (PanI) loci. The models are consistent with an expanding population during the warm medieval <span class="hlt">period</span>, large historical effective population size (NE), a marked bottleneck event at 1400-1500 and a decrease in NE in early modern times. The model results are corroborated by the reduction of haplotype and nucleotide variation over time and pairwise population distance as a significant portion of nucleotide variation partitioned across the 1550 time mark. The mean age of the historical fished stock is high in medieval times with a truncation in age in early modern times. The population size crash coincides with a <span class="hlt">period</span> of known cooling in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and we conclude that the collapse may be related to climate or climate-induced ecosystem change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040070706&hterms=pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dpollution','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040070706&hterms=pollution&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dpollution"><span>Brown Cloud Pollution and Smog Ozone Transport 6,000 km to the Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Mechanism and Sensing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chatfield, Robert B.; Thompson, Anne M.; Guan, Hong; Witte, Jacquelyn C.; Hudson, Robert D.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>We have found repeated illustrations in the maps of Total Tropospheric Ozone (TTO) of apparent transport of ozone from the Indian Ocean to the Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Most interesting are examples that coincide with the INDOEX observations of late northern winter. Three soundings with the SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) network help confirm and quantify degree of influence of pollution, lightning, and stratospheric sources, suggesting that perhaps 40% of increased <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ozone could be Asian pollution during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of maximum identified in the TTO maps. This analysis also indicates a mechanism for such extended transport. We outline recurrent <span class="hlt">periods</span> of apparent ozone transport from Indian to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean regions outside the late-winter <span class="hlt">period</span>. Clearly brown-cloud aerosol affects tropospheric ozone, both limiting its chemical production and also potentially obscuring its detection by the TOMS instrument. Introductory statistical studies will be presented, evaluating the role of tropopause meteorology, aerosol, and other factors in the modifying the relationship between true tropospheric ozone measured by SHADOZ and the TTO product, with suggestions for extending the product.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24178344','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24178344"><span>Polymorphic microsatellite loci for two <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oyster species: Crassostrea rhizophorae and C. gasar.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cavaleiro, Nathalia P; Solé-Cava, Antonio M; Lazoski, Cristiano; Cunha, Haydée A</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Using a <span class="hlt">CA</span>/CAA enriched library screening procedure, we isolated and characterised a total of seventeen polymorphic microsatellite loci for two species of Crassostrea with recognised economic importance. Eleven microsatellite loci were developed for C. rhizophorae, a Western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> species for which no microsatellites were previously known. Another six loci were developed for C. gasar, a species that occurs on both sides of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, adding to the ten loci previously described for the species. The levels of polymorphism were estimated using 24 C. rhizophorae from Southeast Brazil (São Paulo) and 23 C. gasar individuals from North Brazil (Maranhão). The number of alleles per polymorphic locus varied from 3 to 27, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged between 0.174 and 0.958 and between 0.237 and 0.972 in C. rhizophorae and C. gasar, respectively. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any locus pair, and four of them exhibited deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Of the 17 loci developed, 8 cross-amplified in C. gigas and 13 in C. virginica. These markers are useful for evolution and population genetics studies of Crassostrea species and may provide fundamental data for the future cultivation of native oysters in Western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IzAOP..52..649P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IzAOP..52..649P"><span>Evaluation of the heat balance constituents of the upper mixed layer in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Polonsky, A. B.; Sukhonos, P. A.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Different physical mechanisms which cause interannual and interdecadal temperature anomalies in the upper mixed layer (UML) of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> are investigated using the data of ORA-S3 reanalysis for the <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1959-2011. It is shown that the annual mean heat budget in UML is mainly caused by the balance between advective heat transfer and horizontal turbulent mixing (estimated as a residual term in the equation of thermal balance). The local UML temperature change and contribution from the heat fluxes on the lower boundary of the UML to the heat budget of the upper layer are insignificant for the time scale under consideration. The contribution of the heat fluxes on the upper UML boundary to the low-frequency variability of the upper layer temperature in the whole North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> area is substantially less than 30%. Areas like the northwestern part of the Northern Subtropical Anticyclonic Gyre (NSAG), where their contribution exceeds 30-60%, are exceptions. The typical time scales of advective heat transfer variability are revealed. In the NSAG area, an interannual variability associated with the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation dominates, while in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subpolar gyre, an interdecadal variability of advective transfers with <span class="hlt">periods</span> of more than 30 years prevails.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-04-29/pdf/2010-10017.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-04-29/pdf/2010-10017.pdf"><span>75 FR 22623 - Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Proposed Oil and Gas Lease Sale 220 and Geological and...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-29</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> OCS AGENCY: Minerals Management Service (MMS), Interior. ACTION: Notice of public scoping meetings... reopening of the public scoping <span class="hlt">period</span> for proposed Lease Sale 220 in the Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Planning Area for an additional 45 days and providing notice of the public scoping meeting dates and locations for this proposed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997BAMS...78.1917J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997BAMS...78.1917J"><span>The Fronts and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX): Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Joly, Alain; Jorgensen, Dave; Shapiro, Melvyn A.; Thorpe, Alan; Bessemoulin, Pierre; Browning, Keith A.; Cammas, Jean-Pierre; Chalon, Jean-Pierre; Clough, Sidney A.; Emanuel, Kerry A.; Eymard, Laurence; Gall, Robert; Hildebrand, Peter H.; Langland, Rolf H.; Lemaître, Yvon; Lynch, Peter; Moore, James A.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Snyder, Chris; Wakimoto, Roger M.</p> <p>1997-09-01</p> <p>The Fronts and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX) will address the life cycle of cyclones evolving over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean in January and February 1997. The objectives of FASTEX are to improve the forecasts of end-of-storm-track cyclogenesis (primarily in the eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> but with applicability to the Pacific) in the range 24 to 72 h, to enable the testing of theoretical ideas on cyclone formation and development, and to document the vertical and the mesoscale structure of cloud systems in mature cyclones and their relation to the dynamics. The observing system includes ships that will remain in the vicinity of the main baroclinic zone in the central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, jet aircraft that will fly and drop sondes off the east coast of North America or over the central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, turboprop aircraft that will survey mature cyclones off Ireland with dropsondes, and airborne Doppler radars, including ASTRAIA/ELDORA. Radiosounding frequency around the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin will be increased, as well as the number of drifting buoys. These facilities will be activated during multiple-day intensive observing <span class="hlt">periods</span> in order to observe the same meteorological systems at several stages of their life cycle. A central archive will be developed in quasi-real time in Toulouse, France, thus allowing data to be made widely available to the scientific community.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP31D1895P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP31D1895P"><span>Southern ocean winds during past (and future) warm <span class="hlt">periods</span> and their affect on Agulhas Leakage and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Merdional Overturning Circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Patel, N. P.; Deconto, R. M.; Condron, A.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The leakage of Agulhas Current water into the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is now thought to be a major player in global climate change. The volume of Agulhas Leakage is linked to the strength and position of southern westerlies. Past changes in the westerly winds over the southern ocean have been noted on glacial-interglacial timescales, in response to both Northern Hemispheric conditions and more proximal changes in Antarctic ice volume. Over recent decades, a southward shift in the southern ocean westerlies has been observed and is expected to continue with projected climate warming. The resulting increase in Agulhas Leakage is thought to allow more warm, salty water from the Indian Ocean into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, with the potential to impact the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning circulation (AMOC). Some climate models have predicted global warming will result in a slowdown and weakening of the AMOC. A strengthening of the Agulhas Leakage therefore has the potential to counteract that slowdown. Much of the Agulhas leakage is carried in small eddies rotating off the main flow south of Cape Horn. High ocean model resolution (< 1/2°) is therefore required to simulate their response to the overlying wind field. However the majority of previous model studies have been too coarse in resolution to quantify the link between the Agulhas Leakage the AMOC. Here we run a series of global high-resolution ocean model (1/6°) experiments using the MITgcm to test the effect of a shift in the southern hemisphere westerlies on the Agulhas Leakage. A prescribed perturbation of the winds near South Africa shows a significant increase in Agulhas eddies into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Following this, we have conducted longer simulations with the winds over the Southern Ocean perturbed to reflect both past and possible future shifts in the wind field to quantify changes in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water formation and the overall response of the AMOC to this perturbation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23447918','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23447918"><span>Imperforate hymen with elevated serum <span class="hlt">CA</span> 125 and <span class="hlt">CA</span> 19-9 levels.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sak, Muhammet Erdal; Evsen, Mehmet Siddik; Soydinc, Hatice Ender; Sak, Sibel; Yalinkaya, Ahmet</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>To report the clinical characteristics of 14 patients with imperforate hymen and their levels of tumor markers (<span class="hlt">CA</span> 19-9 and <span class="hlt">CA</span> 125). Fourteen patients with imperforate hymen who followed-up between September 2006 and September 2010 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey, were evaluated retrospectively. The clinical features and the management of the patients are discussed. The mean age of the patients was 13.8 years. All patients had primary amenorrhea and pelvic pain. The most common clinical symptoms were cryptomenorrhea in 14 patients, pelvic pain in 11, palpable abdominal mass in 6, voiding difficulties in 7, and defecation problems in 2. In 6 patients with palpable pelvic mass, the mean + standard deviation values of tumor markers were as follows: <span class="hlt">CA</span> 125, 84.0 +/- 23.7 and <span class="hlt">CA</span> 19-9, 162 +/- 189. One week after surgery we measured <span class="hlt">CA</span> 125 and <span class="hlt">CA</span> 19-9 levels once again. The postoperative mean <span class="hlt">CA</span> 125 level was 13.8 +/- 3.6, and the mean postoperative <span class="hlt">CA</span> 19-9 level was 17.5 +/- 3.5. Preoperative levels of <span class="hlt">CA</span> 125 and <span class="hlt">CA</span> 19-9 were significantly higher than those of the postoperative <span class="hlt">period</span> (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Six patients were treated by T-shaped incision and 8 patients by a central surgical incision through the hymenal membrane. Diagnosis of imperforate hymen is very important before undergoing surgery in a different clinic. Many patients have seen several doctors before receiving a clear diagnosis and have had tumor markers evaluated because the presence of pelvic mass in patients suggests the possibility of a gynecologic malignancy. Imperforate hymen is one of the benign conditions that increase serum <span class="hlt">CA</span> 125 and <span class="hlt">CA</span> 19-9 levels and which is not listed in the classical medical textbooks. These markers are not needed for the diagnosis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.epa.gov/bioiweb1/pdf/EPA-903-B-05-001AnIntroductiontoMid-AtlanticSeasonalPools.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.epa.gov/bioiweb1/pdf/EPA-903-B-05-001AnIntroductiontoMid-AtlanticSeasonalPools.pdf"><span>An introduction to mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> seasonal pools</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Brown, L.J.; Jung, R.E.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Seasonal pools, also known as vernal ponds, provide important ecological services to the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region. This publication serves as an introduction to seasonal pool ecology and management; it also provides tools for exploring seasonal pools, including a full-color field guide to wildlife. Seasonal pools are defined as having four distinctive features: surface water isolation, <span class="hlt">periodic</span> drying, small size and shallow depth, and support of a characteristic biological community. Seasonal pools experience regular drying that excludes populations of predatory fish. Thus, pools in the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region provide critical breeding habitat for amphibian and invertebrate species (e.g., spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), wood frog (Rana sylvatica), and fairy shrimp (Order Anostraca)) that would be at increased risk of predation in more permanent waters. The distinctive features of seasonal pools also make them vulnerable to human disturbance. In the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region, land-use changes pose the greatest challenges to seasonal pool conservation. Seasonal pools are threatened by direct loss (e.g., filling or draining of the pool) as well as by destruction and fragmentation of adjoining terrestrial habitat. Many of the species that depend on seasonal pools for breeding spend the majority of their lives in the surrounding lands that extend a radius of 1000 feet or more from the pools; these vital habitats are being transected by roads and converted to other land uses. Other threats to seasonal pools include biological introductions and removals, mosquito control practices, amphibian diseases, atmospheric deposition, and climate change. The authors recommend a three-pronged strategy for seasonal pool conservation and management in the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region: education and research, inventory and monitoring of seasonal pools, and landscape-level planning and management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80174&keyword=potomac&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80174&keyword=potomac&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>IMPACTS OF CLIMATE VARIATION AND CHANGE ON MID-<span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> REGION HYDROLOGY</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This study analyzes <span class="hlt">periodic</span> variations in the climate of the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region over the last 100 years and uses general circulation models (GCMs) to project major climate trends for the next hundred years. Historical data include the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for th...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/833680-stable-isotopes-sr-ca-mg-ca-biogenic-carbonates-from-petaluma-marsh-northern-california-usa','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/833680-stable-isotopes-sr-ca-mg-ca-biogenic-carbonates-from-petaluma-marsh-northern-california-usa"><span>Stable isotopes, Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in biogenic carbonates from Petaluma Marsh, northern California, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ingram, B.L.; De Deckker, P.; Chivas, A.R.</p> <p>2004-10-19</p> <p>Stable isotope ({sup 18}O/{sup 16}O and {sup 13}C/{sup 12}C) and minor-element compositions (Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios) of ostracodes and gastropods separated from marsh sediments from San Francisco Bay, Northern California, were used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes in Petaluma Marsh over the past 700 yr. The value of {delta}{sup 18}O in the marsh carbonates reflects changes in freshwater inflow, evaporation, and temperature. Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in ostracode calcite reflect changes in both freshwater inflow and temperature, although primarily reflect temperature changes in the salinity range of about 10-35 {per_thousand}. Ostracode {delta}{sup 18}O values show a gradual increase by 5 {per_thousand} betweenmore » 500 yr BR and the present, probably reflecting rising sea level and increased evaporation in the marsh. Superimposed on this trend are higher frequency Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and {delta}{sup 18}O variations (3-4 {per_thousand}), probably reflecting changes in freshwater inflow and evaporation. A <span class="hlt">period</span> of low Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> occurred between about 100-300 cal yr BP, suggesting wetter and cooler conditions during the Little Ice Age. Higher Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios occurred 600-700 cal yr BP, indicating drier and warmer conditions during the end of the Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span>. Both ostracode and gastropod {delta}{sup 13}C values decrease up-core, reflecting decomposition of marsh vegetation, which changes from C{sub 4} ({delta}{sup 13}C {approx} -12{per_thousand}) to CAM ({delta}{sup 13}C = -26 {per_thousand})-type vegetation over time.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/338611-stable-isotopes-sr-ca-mg-ca-biogenic-carbonates-from-petaluma-marsh-northern-california-usa','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/338611-stable-isotopes-sr-ca-mg-ca-biogenic-carbonates-from-petaluma-marsh-northern-california-usa"><span>Stable isotopes, Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in biogenic carbonates from Petaluma Marsh, northern California, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ingram, B.L.; Deckker, P. de; Chivas, A.R.</p> <p>1998-10-01</p> <p>Stable isotope ({sup 18}O/{sup 16}O and {sup 13}C/{sup 12}C) and minor-element compositions (Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios) of ostracodes and gastropods separated from marsh sediments from San Francisco Bay, Northern California, were used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes in Petaluma March over the past 700 yr. The value of {delta}{sup 18}O in the marsh carbonates reflects changes in freshwater inflow, evaporation, and temperature. Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in ostracode calcite reflect changes in both freshwater inflow and temperature, although primarily reflect temperature changes in the salinity range of about 10--35{per_thousand}. Ostracode {delta}{sup 18}O values show a gradual increase by 5{per_thousand} between 500 yrmore » BP and the present, probably reflecting rising sea level and increased evaporation in the marsh. Superimposed on this trend are higher frequency Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and {delta}{sup 18}O variations (3--4{per_thousand}), probably reflecting changes in freshwater inflow and evaporation. A <span class="hlt">period</span> of low Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> occurred between about 100--300 cal yr BP, suggesting wetter and cooler conditions during the Little Ice Age. Higher Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios occurred 600--700 cal yr BP, indicating drier and warmer conditions during the end of the Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span>. Both ostracode and gastropod {delta}{sup 13}C values decrease up-core, reflecting decomposition of marsh vegetation, which changes from C{sub 4} ({delta}{sup 13}C {approximately} {minus}12{per_thousand}) to CAM ({delta}{sup 13}C = {minus}26{per_thousand})-type vegetation over time.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20000085549','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20000085549"><span>Contributions of Tropical Cyclones to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Climatological Rainfall as Observed from Satellites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rodgers, Edward B.; Adler, Robert F.; Pierce, Harold F.; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>The tropical cyclone rainfall climatology study that was performed for the North Pacific was extended to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Similar to the North Pacific tropical cyclone study, mean monthly rainfall within 444 km of the center of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones (i.e., that reached storm stage and greater) was estimated from passive microwave satellite observations during, an eleven year <span class="hlt">period</span>. These satellite-observed rainfall estimates were used to assess the impact of tropical cyclone rainfall in altering the geographical, seasonal, and inter-annual distribution of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> total rainfall during, June-November when tropical cyclones were most abundant. The main results from this study indicate: 1) that tropical cyclones contribute, respectively, 4%, 3%, and 4% to the western, eastern, and entire North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; 2) similar to that observed in the North Pacific, the maximum in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclone rainfall is approximately 5 - 10 deg poleward (depending on longitude) of the maximum non-tropical cyclone rainfall; 3) tropical cyclones contribute regionally a maximum of 30% of the total rainfall 'northeast of Puerto Rico, within a region near 15 deg N 55 deg W, and off the west coast of Africa; 4) there is no lag between the months with maximum tropical cyclone rainfall and non-tropical cyclone rainfall in the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, while in the eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, maximum tropical cyclone rainfall precedes maximum non-tropical cyclone rainfall; 5) like the North Pacific, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones Of hurricane intensity generate the greatest amount of rainfall in the higher latitudes; and 6) warm ENSO events inhibit tropical cyclone rainfall.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037606','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037606"><span>The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age in Chesapeake Bay and the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Cronin, T. M.; Hayo, K.; Thunell, R.C.; Dwyer, G.S.; Saenger, C.; Willard, D.A.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>A new 2400-year paleoclimate reconstruction from Chesapeake Bay (CB) (eastern US) was compared to other paleoclimate records in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region to evaluate climate variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). Using Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios from ostracodes and oxygen isotopes from benthic foraminifera as proxies for temperature and precipitation-driven estuarine hydrography, results show that warmest temperatures in CB reached 16-17. ??C between 600 and 950. CE (Common Era), centuries before the classic European Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> (950-1100. CE) and peak warming in the Nordic Seas (1000-1400. CE). A series of centennial warm/cool cycles began about 1000. CE with temperature minima of ~. 8 to 9. ??C about 1150, 1350, and 1650-1800. CE, and intervening warm <span class="hlt">periods</span> (14-15. ??C) centered at 1200, 1400, 1500 and 1600. CE. Precipitation variability in the eastern US included multiple dry intervals from 600 to 1200. CE, which contrasts with wet medieval conditions in the Caribbean. The eastern US experienced a wet LIA between 1650 and 1800. CE when the Caribbean was relatively dry. Comparison of the CB record with other records shows that the MCA and LIA were characterized by regionally asynchronous warming and complex spatial patterns of precipitation, possibly related to ocean-atmosphere processes. ?? 2010.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543942','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543942"><span>Nematocarcinus Milne Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Southwestern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, including the Southern Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge area.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cardoso, Irene A; Burukovsky, Rudolf N</p> <p>2014-11-26</p> <p>The deep sea shrimp genus Nematocarcinus Milne Edwards, 1881 includes 47 species, ten of them have been recorded from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Herein, material sampled during three scientific projects (REVIZEE Central Fishery project; Campos Basin Deep Sea Environmental Project; Evaluation of Environmental Heterogeneity in the Campos Basin) made in the Southwestern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, off Brazil, is examined. In addition, material sampled from the South Mid <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge (MAR-ECO Project) was also examined. Four species are recorded for the first time to the southwestern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean including Mid <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge area: Nematocarcinus faxoni Burukovsky, 2001; N. gracilipes Filhol, 1884; N. rotundus Crosnier & Forest, 1973 and N. tenuipes Spence-Bate, 1888.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-29/pdf/2013-28648.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-29/pdf/2013-28648.pdf"><span>78 FR 71530 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; 2013 Commercial Accountability...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-11-29</p> <p>...) for vermilion snapper in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is divided into two, 6-month time <span class="hlt">periods</span>, and is 420,252... commercial annual catch limit (ACL) for the July 1 through December 31, 2013, fishing <span class="hlt">period</span> on December 2... <span class="hlt">period</span>. This closure is necessary to protect the vermilion snapper resource. DATES: This rule is...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27068122','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27068122"><span>Memory retrieval along the proximodistal axis of <span class="hlt">CA</span>1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nakazawa, Yuki; Pevzner, Aleksandr; Tanaka, Kazumasa Z; Wiltgen, Brian J</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>The proximal and distal segments of <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 are thought to perform distinct computations. Neurons in proximal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 are reciprocally connected with the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and exhibit precise spatial firing. In contrast, cells in distal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 communicate with the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), exhibit more diffuse spatial firing and are affected by the presence of objects in the environment. To determine if these segments make unique contributions to memory retrieval, we examined cellular activity along the proximodistal axis of <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 using transgenic reporter mice. Neurons tagged during context learning in proximal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 were more likely to be reactivated during testing than those in distal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1. This was true following context fear conditioning and after exposure to a novel environment. Reactivation was also higher in brain regions connected to proximal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 (MEC, distal <span class="hlt">CA</span>3) than those connected to the distal segment (LEC, proximal <span class="hlt">CA</span>3). To examine contributions to memory retrieval, we performed neurotoxic lesions of proximal or distal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 after training. Lesions of the proximal segment significantly impaired memory retrieval while damage to distal <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 had no effect. These data suggest that context memories are retrieved by a hippocampal microcircuit that involves the proximal but not distal segment of <span class="hlt">CA</span>1. © 2016 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc. © 2016 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24940787','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24940787"><span>The influence of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>²⁺ buffers on free [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>²⁺] fluctuations and the effective volume of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>²⁺ microdomains.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weinberg, Seth H; Smith, Gregory D</p> <p>2014-06-17</p> <p>Intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)) plays a significant role in many cell signaling pathways, some of which are localized to spatially restricted microdomains. <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) binding proteins (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) buffers) play an important role in regulating <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)]). Buffers typically slow [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] temporal dynamics and increase the effective volume of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) domains. Because fluctuations in [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] decrease in proportion to the square-root of a domain's physical volume, one might conjecture that buffers decrease [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] fluctuations and, consequently, mitigate the significance of small domain volume concerning <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) signaling. We test this hypothesis through mathematical and computational analysis of idealized buffer-containing domains and their stochastic dynamics during free <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) influx with passive exchange of both <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) and buffer with bulk concentrations. We derive Langevin equations for the fluctuating dynamics of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) and buffer and use these stochastic differential equations to determine the magnitude of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] fluctuations for different buffer parameters (e.g., dissociation constant and concentration). In marked contrast to expectations based on a naive application of the principle of effective volume as employed in deterministic models of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) signaling, we find that mobile and rapid buffers typically increase the magnitude of domain [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] fluctuations during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) influx, whereas stationary (immobile) <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) buffers do not. Also contrary to expectations, we find that in the absence of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) influx, buffers influence the temporal characteristics, but not the magnitude, of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] fluctuations. We derive an analytical formula describing the influence of rapid <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) buffers on [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] fluctuations and, importantly, identify the stochastic analog of (deterministic) effective domain volume. Our results demonstrate that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) buffers alter the dynamics of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+)] fluctuations in a nonintuitive manner. The finding that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27194601','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27194601"><span>Punctuated Shutdown of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation during Greenland Stadial 1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hogg, Alan; Southon, John; Turney, Chris; Palmer, Jonathan; Bronk Ramsey, Christopher; Fenwick, Pavla; Boswijk, Gretel; Friedrich, Michael; Helle, Gerhard; Hughen, Konrad; Jones, Richard; Kromer, Bernd; Noronha, Alexandra; Reynard, Linda; Staff, Richard; Wacker, Lukas</p> <p>2016-05-19</p> <p>The Greenland Stadial 1 (GS-1; ~12.9 to 11.65 kyr cal BP) was a <span class="hlt">period</span> of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cooling, thought to have been initiated by North America fresh water runoff that caused a sustained reduction of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), resulting in an antiphase temperature response between the hemispheres (the 'bipolar seesaw'). Here we exploit sub-fossil New Zealand kauri trees to report the first securely dated, decadally-resolved atmospheric radiocarbon ((14)C) record spanning GS-1. By precisely aligning Southern and Northern Hemisphere tree-ring (14)C records with marine (14)C sequences we document two relatively short <span class="hlt">periods</span> of AMOC collapse during the stadial, at ~12,920-12,640 cal BP and 12,050-11,900 cal BP. In addition, our data show that the interhemispheric atmospheric (14)C offset was close to zero prior to GS-1, before reaching 'near-modern' values at ~12,660 cal BP, consistent with synchronous recovery of overturning in both hemispheres and increased Southern Ocean ventilation. Hence, sustained North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cooling across GS-1 was not driven by a prolonged AMOC reduction but probably due to an equatorward migration of the Polar Front, reducing the advection of southwesterly air masses to high latitudes. Our findings suggest opposing hemispheric temperature trends were driven by atmospheric teleconnections, rather than AMOC changes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4872135','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4872135"><span>Punctuated Shutdown of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation during Greenland Stadial 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hogg, Alan; Southon, John; Turney, Chris; Palmer, Jonathan; Bronk Ramsey, Christopher; Fenwick, Pavla; Boswijk, Gretel; Friedrich, Michael; Helle, Gerhard; Hughen, Konrad; Jones, Richard; Kromer, Bernd; Noronha, Alexandra; Reynard, Linda; Staff, Richard; Wacker, Lukas</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The Greenland Stadial 1 (GS-1; ~12.9 to 11.65 kyr cal BP) was a <span class="hlt">period</span> of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cooling, thought to have been initiated by North America fresh water runoff that caused a sustained reduction of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), resulting in an antiphase temperature response between the hemispheres (the ‘bipolar seesaw’). Here we exploit sub-fossil New Zealand kauri trees to report the first securely dated, decadally-resolved atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) record spanning GS-1. By precisely aligning Southern and Northern Hemisphere tree-ring 14C records with marine 14C sequences we document two relatively short <span class="hlt">periods</span> of AMOC collapse during the stadial, at ~12,920-12,640 cal BP and 12,050-11,900 cal BP. In addition, our data show that the interhemispheric atmospheric 14C offset was close to zero prior to GS-1, before reaching ‘near-modern’ values at ~12,660 cal BP, consistent with synchronous recovery of overturning in both hemispheres and increased Southern Ocean ventilation. Hence, sustained North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cooling across GS-1 was not driven by a prolonged AMOC reduction but probably due to an equatorward migration of the Polar Front, reducing the advection of southwesterly air masses to high latitudes. Our findings suggest opposing hemispheric temperature trends were driven by atmospheric teleconnections, rather than AMOC changes. PMID:27194601</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhDT........19R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhDT........19R"><span>Interannual-to-decadal air-sea interactions in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo</p> <p>2001-09-01</p> <p>The present research identifies modes of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region and the mechanisms by which air-sea interactions influence the regional climate. Novelties of the present work are (1)the use of relevant ocean and atmosphere variables important to identity coupled variability in the system. (2)The use of new data sets, including realistic diabatic heating. (3)The study of interactions between ocean and atmosphere relevant at interannual-to-decadal time scales. Two tropical modes of variability are identified during the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1958-1993, the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Niño mode and the Interhemispheric mode. Those modes have defined structures in both ocean and atmosphere. Anomalous sea surface temperatures and winds are associated to anomalous placement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). They develop maximum amplitude during boreal summer and spring, respectively. The anomalous positioning of the ITCZ produces anomalous precipitation in some places like Nordeste, Brazil and the Caribbean region. Through the use of a diagnostic primitive equation model, it is found that the most important terms controlling local anomalous surface winds over the ocean are boundary layer temperature gradients and diabatic heating anomalies at low levels (below 780 mb). The latter is of particular importance in the deep tropics in producing the anomalous meridional response to the surface circulation. Simulated latent heat anomalies indicate that a thermodynamic feedback establishes positive feedbacks at both sides of the equator and west of 20°W in the deep tropics and a negative feedback in front of the north west coast of Africa for the Interhemispheric mode. This thermodynamic feedback only establishes negative feedbacks for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Niño mode. Transients establish some connection between the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and other basins. Interhemispheric gradients of surface temperature in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> influence winds in the midlatitude North</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.4434K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.4434K"><span>Water Mass Variability at the Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge and in the Eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Köllner, Manuela; Klein, Birgit; Kieke, Dagmar; Klein, Holger; Roessler, Achim; Rhein, Monika</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The strong warming and salinification of the Eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> starting in the mid 1990s has been attributed to a westward contraction of the sub-polar gyre and stronger inflow of waters from the sub-tropical gyre. Temporal changes in the shape and strength of the two gyres have been related to the major mode of atmospheric variability in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector, the NAO. Hydrographic conditions along the Northwest European shelf are thus the result of different processes such as variations in transports, varying relative contributions of water masses from the two gyres and property trends in the source water masses. The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current (NAC) can be regarded as the southern border of the sub-polar gyre transporting water from the tropical regions northward. On its way towards the Mid <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge (MAR) the NAC has partly mixed with waters from the sub-polar gyre and crosses the MAR split into several branches. For the study we analyzed data of water mass variability and transport fluctuations from the RACE (Regional circulation and Global change) project (2012-2015) which provided time series of transports and hydrographic anomalies from moored instruments at the western flank of the MAR. The time depending positions of the NAC branches over the MAR were obtained from mooring time series and compared to sea surface velocities from altimeter data. The results show a high variability of NAC pathways over the MAR. Transition regimes with strong meandering and eddies could be observed as well as <span class="hlt">periods</span> of strong NAC branches over the Fracture Zones affecting water mass exchange at all depth levels. A positive temperature trend at depths between 1000-2000 m was found at the Faraday Fracture Zone (FFZ). This warming trend was also detected by Argo floats crossing the MAR close to the FFZ region. During the second phase of RACE (RACE-II, 2016-2018) a mooring array across the eastern shelf break at Goban Spur was deployed to monitor the poleward Eastern Boundary</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/29/4/340.abstract','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/29/4/340.abstract"><span>Diagenesis of lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Paleoceanographic signals obscured</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Frank, T.D.; Arthur, M.A.; Dean, W.E.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>The stable isotope and minor element geochemistry of Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) pelagic carbonates of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin (Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 105, 367, 387, 391, and 603) was examined to develop a diagenetic model for pelagic limestones. In particular, we hoped to test the fidelity of whole-rock geochemical records as paleoceanographic indicators for pelagic deposits of pre-Aptian age, in which individual microfossils are not available for analysis. Data indicate that in addition to depth of burial, rhythmic variations in primary carbonate content have strongly controlled diagenetic patterns and associated geochemical signatures in these Neocomian sequences. Samples become increasingly depleted in Sr and 18O with increasing <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 content. Within individual sedimentary sections, substantial decreases in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios and ??18O values are evident over a range of 4 to 98% <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3. However, even over a relatively narrow range of 50 to 98% <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 a 2.5%c variation in ??18O values and a change of a factor of 1.7 in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are observed. Carbon isotope compositions do not vary as extensively with <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 content, but carbonate-rich intervals tend to be relatively depleted in 13C. Petrographic analysis reveals that these geochemical patterns are related to the transfer of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 from carbonate-poor intervals (calcareous shales and marlstones) to adjacent carbonate-rich intervals (limestones) during burial compaction and pressure solution. This process results in the addition of diagenetic cement to carbonate-rich intervals to produce a bulk composition that is relatively depleted in Sr and 18O and, at the same time, enables the retention of more-or-less primary carbonate that is relatively enriched in Sr and 18O in adjacent carbonate-poor intervals. Thus, although cyclic variations in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 content are primary in the Neocomian sequences examined, measured variations in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios and ??18O values are not and, as such, do not provide reliable proxies for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PalOc..32.1291M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PalOc..32.1291M"><span>The Role of African Dust in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Climate During Heinrich Events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Murphy, L. N.; Goes, M.; Clement, A. C.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Increased ice discharge in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is thought to cause a weakening, or collapse, of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during Heinrich events. Paleoclimate records indicate that these <span class="hlt">periods</span> were marked by severe tropical aridity and dustiness. Although the driver of these events is still under debate, large freshwater input is necessary for climate models to simulate the magnitude, geographical extent, and abruptness of these events, indicating that they may be missing feedbacks. We hypothesize that the dust-climate feedback is one such feedback that has not been previously considered. Here we analyze the role of dust-climate feedbacks on the AMOC by parameterizing the dust radiative effects in an intermediate complexity model and consider uncertainties due to wind stress forcing and the magnitude of both atmospheric dust loading and freshwater hosing. We simulate both stable and unstable AMOC regimes by changing the prescribed wind stress forcing. In the unstable regime, additional dust loading during Heinrich events cools and freshens the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and abruptly reduces the AMOC by 20% relative to a control simulation. In the stable regime, however, additional dust forcing alone does not alter the AMOC strength. Including both freshwater and dust forcing results in a cooling of the subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> more comparable to proxy records than with freshwater forcing alone. We conclude that dust-climate feedbacks may provide amplification to Heinrich cooling by further weakening AMOC and increasing North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea ice coverage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.390 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... Fleet Combat Center, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.390 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... Fleet Combat Center, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.390 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... Fleet Combat Center, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.390 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... Fleet Combat Center, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-390.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.390 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... Fleet Combat Center, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-12/pdf/2013-03199.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-12/pdf/2013-03199.pdf"><span>78 FR 9848 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; 2013 Commercial Accountability...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-02-12</p> <p>... South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is divided into two, 6-month time <span class="hlt">periods</span>, and is 315,523 lb (143,119 kg), gutted weight... commercial annual catch limit (ACL) for the January 1 through June 30, 2013 fishing <span class="hlt">period</span> on February 13..., fishing <span class="hlt">period</span>. This closure is necessary to protect the vermilion snapper resource. DATES: This rule is...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133905','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133905"><span>Deglacial Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subsurface warming links ocean circulation variability to the West African Monsoon.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Matthew W; Chang, Ping; Parker, Andrew O; Ji, Link; He, Feng</p> <p>2017-11-13</p> <p>Multiple lines of evidence show that cold stadials in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> were accompanied by both reductions in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and collapses of the West African Monsoon (WAM). Although records of terrestrial change identify abrupt WAM variability across the deglaciation, few studies show how ocean temperatures evolved across the deglaciation. To identify the mechanism linking AMOC to the WAM, we generated a new record of subsurface temperature variability over the last 21 kyr based on Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in a sub-thermocline dwelling planktonic foraminifera in an Eastern Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (EEA) sediment core from the Niger Delta. Our subsurface temperature record shows abrupt subsurface warming during both the Younger Dryas (YD) and Heinrich Event 1. We also conducted a new transient coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulation across the YD that better resolves the western boundary current dynamics and find a strong negative correlation between AMOC strength and EEA subsurface temperatures caused by changes in ocean circulation and rainfall responses that are consistent with the observed WAM change. Our combined proxy and modeling results provide the first evidence that an oceanic teleconnection between AMOC strength and subsurface temperature in the EEA impacted the intensity of the WAM on millennial time scales.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.541..390K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.541..390K"><span>Hurricane intensification along United States coast suppressed during active hurricane <span class="hlt">periods</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kossin, James P.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ocean/atmosphere environment exhibits pronounced interdecadal variability that is known to strongly modulate <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane activity. Variability in sea surface temperature (SST) is correlated with hurricane variability through its relationship with the genesis and thermodynamic potential intensity of hurricanes. Another key factor that governs the genesis and intensity of hurricanes is ambient environmental vertical wind shear (VWS). Warmer SSTs generally correlate with more frequent genesis and greater potential intensity, while VWS inhibits genesis and prevents any hurricanes that do form from reaching their potential intensity. When averaged over the main hurricane-development region in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, SST and VWS co-vary inversely, so that the two factors act in concert to either enhance or inhibit basin-wide hurricane activity. Here I show, however, that conditions conducive to greater basin-wide <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricane activity occur together with conditions for more probable weakening of hurricanes near the United States coast. Thus, the VWS and SST form a protective barrier along the United States coast during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of heightened basin-wide hurricane activity. Conversely, during the most-recent <span class="hlt">period</span> of basin-wide quiescence, hurricanes (and particularly major hurricanes) near the United States coast, although substantially less frequent, exhibited much greater variability in their rate of intensification, and were much more likely to intensify rapidly. Such heightened variability poses greater challenges to operational forecasting and, consequently, greater coastal risk during hurricane events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444214','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444214"><span>Interior pathways of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bower, Amy S; Lozier, M Susan; Gary, Stefan F; Böning, Claus W</p> <p>2009-05-14</p> <p>To understand how our global climate will change in response to natural and anthropogenic forcing, it is essential to determine how quickly and by what pathways climate change signals are transported throughout the global ocean, a vast reservoir for heat and carbon dioxide. Labrador Sea Water (LSW), formed by open ocean convection in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, is a particularly sensitive indicator of climate change on interannual to decadal timescales. Hydrographic observations made anywhere along the western boundary of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> reveal a core of LSW at intermediate depths advected southward within the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC). These observations have led to the widely held view that the DWBC is the dominant pathway for the export of LSW from its formation site in the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> towards the Equator. Here we show that most of the recently ventilated LSW entering the subtropics follows interior, not DWBC, pathways. The interior pathways are revealed by trajectories of subsurface RAFOS floats released during the <span class="hlt">period</span> 2003-2005 that recorded once-daily temperature, pressure and acoustically determined position for two years, and by model-simulated 'e-floats' released in the subpolar DWBC. The evidence points to a few specific locations around the Grand Banks where LSW is most often injected into the interior. These results have implications for deep ocean ventilation and suggest that the interior subtropical gyre should not be ignored when considering the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930009781&hterms=oceanography&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Doceanography','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930009781&hterms=oceanography&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Doceanography"><span>Annual, orbital, and enigmatic variations in tropical oceanography recorded by the Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> amplifier</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mcintyre, Andrew</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surface waters respond directly to changes in zonal and meridional lower tropospheric winds forced by annual insolation. This mechanism has its maximum effect along the equatorial wave guide centered on 10 deg W. The result is to amplify even subtle tropical climate changes such that they are recorded by marked amplitude changes in the proxy signals. Model realizations, NCAR AGCM and OGCM for 0 Ka and 126 Ka (January and July), and paleoceanographic proxy data show that these winds are also forced by insolation changes at the orbital <span class="hlt">periods</span> of precession and obliquity. Perhelion in boreal summer produces a strengthened monsoon, e.g., increase meridional and decrease zonal wind stress. This reduces oceanic Ekman divergence and thermocline/nutricline shallowing. The result, in the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, is reduced primary productivity and higher euphotic zone temperatures; vice versa for perihelion in boreal winter. Perihelion is controlled by precession. Thus, the dominant <span class="hlt">period</span> in spectra from a stacked SST record (0-252 Ka BP) at the site of the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> amplifier is 23 Ky (53 percent of the total variance). This precessional <span class="hlt">period</span> is coherent (k = 0.920) and in phase with boreal summer insolation. Oscillations of shorter <span class="hlt">period</span> are present in records from cores sited beneath the amplifier region. These occur between 12.5 and 74.5 Ka BP, when eccentricity modulation of precession is at a minimum. Within this time interval there are 21 cycles with mean <span class="hlt">periods</span> of 3.0 plus or minus 0.5 Ky. Similar <span class="hlt">periods</span> have been documented from high latitude regions, e.g., Greenland ice cores from Camp Century. The Camp Century signal in this same time interval contains 21 cycles. A subjective correlation was made between the Camp Century and the equatorial records; the signals were statistically similar, r = 0.722 and k = 0.960.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ThApC.132..103V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ThApC.132..103V"><span>Summer weather characteristics and <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> observed over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1888-2013 in the region of Belgrade, Serbia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vujović, Dragana; Todorović, Nedeljko; Paskota, Mira</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>With the goal of finding summer climate patterns in the region of Belgrade (Serbia) over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1888-2013, different techniques of multivariate statistical analysis were used in order to analyze the simultaneous changes of a number of climatologic parameters. An increasing trend of the mean daily minimum temperature was detected. In the recent decades (1960-2013), this increase was much more pronounced. The number of days with the daily minimum temperature greater or equal to 20 °C also increased significantly. Precipitation had no statistically significant trend. Spectral analysis showed a repetitive nature of the climatologic parameters which had <span class="hlt">periods</span> that roughly can be classified into three groups, with the durations of the following: (1) 6 to 7 years, (2) 10 to 18 years, and (3) 21, 31, and 41 years. The temperature variables mainly had one <span class="hlt">period</span> of repetitiveness of 5 to 7 years. Among other variables, the correlations of regional fluctuations of the temperature and precipitation and atmospheric circulation indices were analyzed. The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oscillation index had the same <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> as that of the precipitation, and it was not correlated to the temperature variables. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal oscillation index correlated well to the summer mean daily minimum and summer mean temperatures. The underlying structure of the data was analyzed by principal component analysis, which detected the following four easily interpreted dimensions: More sunshine-Higher temperature, Precipitation, Extreme heats, and Changeable summer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1508H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1508H"><span>Long-term variations of SST and heat content in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huonsou-gbo, Aubains; Servain, Jacques; Caniaux, Guy; Araujo, Moacyr; Bourlès, Bernard; Veleda, Doris</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Recent studies (eg. Wen et al. 2010; Servain et al. 2014) suggest that subsurface processes influence the interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> through the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) with time lags of several months. In this study, we used observed SST and Ocean heat content to test such hypothesis during the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1964-2013. First results indicate great similarities in the positive linear trends of monthly standardized anomalies of SST, upper ocean heat content (0-500m) and deeper ocean heat content (500-2000m) averaged over the whole <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Strong positive trends of SST and deeper heat content occurred in the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, while a strong positive trend of the upper heat content was observed in the northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These positive trends were the highest during the last two decades. The lagged positive correlation patterns between upper heat content anomalies over the whole gridded <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and SST anomalies averaged over the equatorial region (60°W-15°E; 10°N-10°S) show a slow temporal evolution, which is roughly in agreement with the upper MOC. More detailed works about the mechanism, as well as about the origin of the highest positive trend of the deeper heat content in the equatorial region, are presently under investigation. References Servain J., G. Caniaux, Y. K. Kouadio, M. J. McPhaden, M. Araujo (2014). Recent climatic trends in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 43, 3071-3089, DOI 10.1007/s00382-014-2168-7.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PalOc..29..564H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PalOc..29..564H"><span>Palynological evidence for a southward shift of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current at 2.6 Ma during the intensification of late Cenozoic Northern Hemisphere glaciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hennissen, Jan A. I.; Head, Martin J.; De Schepper, Stijn; Groeneveld, Jeroen</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>The position of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current (NAC) during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) has been evaluated using dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and foraminiferal geochemistry from a 260 kyr interval straddling the base of the Quaternary System from two sites: eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 610 in the path of the present NAC and central North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1313 in the subtropical gyre. Stable isotope and foraminiferal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> analyses confirm cooling near the marine isotope stage (MIS) G7-G6 transition (2.74 Ma). However, a continued dominance of the dinoflagellate cyst Operculodinium centrocarpum sensu Wall and Dale (1966) indicates an active NAC in the eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> for a further 140 kyr. At MIS 104 ( 2.60 Ma), a profound dinoflagellate cyst assemblage turnover indicates NAC shutdown in the eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, implying elevated atmospheric pressure over the Arctic and a resulting shift in the westerlies that would have driven the NAC. These findings challenge recent suggestions that there was no significant southward shift of the NAC or the Arctic Front during iNHG, and reveal a fundamental climatic reorganization near the base of the Quaternary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/621423-north-atlantic-storm-track-variability-its-association-north-atlantic-oscillation-climate-variability-northern-europe','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/621423-north-atlantic-storm-track-variability-its-association-north-atlantic-oscillation-climate-variability-northern-europe"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> storm track variability and its association to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> oscillation and climate variability of northern Europe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rogers, J.C.</p> <p></p> <p>The primary mode of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> track variability is identified using rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) on monthly fields of root-mean-squares of daily high-pass filtered (2-8-day <span class="hlt">periods</span>) sea level pressures (SLP) for winters (December-February) 1900-92. It is examined in terms of its association with (1) monthly mean SLP fields, (2) regional low-frequency teleconnections, and (3) the seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and northern Europe. 32 refs., 9 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CliPD...8.2819H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CliPD...8.2819H"><span>Climate and vegetation changes around the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean resulting from changes in the meridional overturning circulation during deglaciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Handiani, D.; Paul, A.; Dupont, L.</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>The Bølling-Allerød (BA, starting ~ 14.5 ka BP) is one of the most pronounced abrupt warming <span class="hlt">periods</span> recorded in ice and pollen proxies. The leading explanation of the cause of this warming is a sudden increase in the rate of deepwater formation in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and the resulting effect on the heat transport by the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). In this study, we used the University of Victoria (UVic) Earth System-Climate Model (ESCM) to run simulations, in which a freshwater perturbation initiated a BA-like warming <span class="hlt">period</span>. We found that under present climate conditions, the AMOC intensified when freshwater was added to the Southern Ocean. However, under Heinrich event 1 (HE1, ~ 16 ka BP) climate conditions, the AMOC only intensified when freshwater was extracted from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, possibly corresponding to an increase in evaporation or a decrease in precipitation in this region. The intensified AMOC led to a warming in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and a cooling in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, resembling the bipolar seesaw pattern typical of the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. In addition to the physical response, we also studied the simulated vegetation response around the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean region. Corresponding with the bipolar seesaw hypothesis, the rainbelt associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifted northward and affected the vegetation pattern in the tropics. The most sensitive vegetation area was found in tropical Africa, where grass cover increased and tree cover decreased under dry climate conditions. An equal but opposite response to the collapse and recovery of the AMOC implied that the change in vegetation cover was transient and robust to an abrupt climate change such as during the BA <span class="hlt">period</span>, which is also supported by paleovegetation data. The results are in agreement with paleovegetation records from Western tropical Africa, which also show a reduction in forest cover during this time <span class="hlt">period</span>. Further</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15242347','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15242347"><span>A crustacean <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-binding protein with a glutamate-rich sequence promotes <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 crystallization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Endo, Hirotoshi; Takagi, Yasuaki; Ozaki, Noriaki; Kogure, Toshihiro; Watanabe, Toshiki</p> <p>2004-11-15</p> <p>The DD4 mRNA of the penaeid prawn Penaeus japonicus was shown previously to be expressed in the epidermis adjacent to the exoskeleton specifically during the post-moult <span class="hlt">period</span>, when calcification of the exoskeleton took place. The encoded protein possessed a <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-binding site, suggesting its involvement in the calcification of the exoskeleton. In the present study, an additional ORF (open reading frame) of 289 amino acids was identified at the 5' end of the previous ORF. The newly identified part of the encoded protein included a region of approx. 120 amino acids that was highly rich in glutamate residues, and contained one or more <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-binding sites. In an immunohistochemical study, signals were detected within calcified regions in the endocuticular layer of the exoskeleton. Bacterially expressed partial segments of the protein induced <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 crystallization in vitro. Finally, a reverse transcription-PCR study showed that the expression was limited to an early part of the post-moult <span class="hlt">period</span>, preceding significant calcification of the exoskeleton. These observations argue for the possibility that the encoded protein, renamed crustocalcin (CCN), promotes formation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3 crystals in the exoskeleton by inducing nucleation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51D..03G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP51D..03G"><span>The Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Mg Incorporation in Planktonic Foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white): Results from a Global Sediment Trap Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> Database</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gray, W. R.; Weldeab, S.; Lea, D. W.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in Globigerinoides ruber is arguably the most important proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) in tropical and sub tropical regions, and as such guides our understanding of past climatic change in these regions. However, the sensitivity of Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> to salinity is debated; while analysis of foraminifera grown in cultures generally indicates a sensitivity of 3 - 6% per salinity unit, core-top studies have suggested a much higher sensitivity of between 15 - 27% per salinity unit, bringing the utility of Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> as a SST proxy into dispute. Sediment traps circumvent the issues of dissolution and post-depositional calcite precipitation that hamper core-top calibration studies, whilst allowing the analysis of foraminifera that have calcified under natural conditions within a well constrained <span class="hlt">period</span> of time. We collated previously published sediment trap/plankton tow G. ruber (white) Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data, and generated new Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data from a sediment trap located in the highly-saline tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, close to West Africa. Calcification temperature and salinity were calculated for the time interval represented by each trap/tow sample using World Ocean Atlas 2013 data. The resulting dataset comprises >240 Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> measurements (in the size fraction 150 - 350 µm), that span a temperature range of 18 - 28 °C and 33.6 - 36.7 PSU. Multiple regression of the dataset reveals a temperature sensitivity of 7 ± 0.4% per °C (p < 2.2*10-16) and a salinity sensitivity of 4 ± 1% per salinity unit (p = 2*10-5). Application of this calibration has significant implications for both the magnitude and timing of glacial-interglacial temperature changes when variations in salinity are accounted for.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031126','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031126"><span>Effects of hexazinone and atrazine on the physiology and endocrinology of smolt development in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Nieves-Puigdoller, K.; Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur; McCormick, S.D.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Exposure to hexazinone (HEX) and atrazine (ATZ), highly mobile and widely used herbicides along rivers in the United States, is potentially harmful to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon, which have been listed as an endangered species. To determine the effects of these contaminants on smolt development, juvenile <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon were exposed under flow-through conditions to 100 ??g l-1 HEX, 10 and 100 ??g l-1 ATZ in fresh water (FW) for 21 days at 10 ??C beginning in mid-April. Twelve fish per treatment were sampled in FW, following a 24 h seawater (SW) challenge and after growth for 3 months in SW. Exposure to 100 ??g l-1 HEX or 10 ??g l-1 ATZ caused no mortalities of smolts in FW or after SW challenge, while 9% of the fish exposed to 100 ??g l-1 ATZ died during exposure. Fish exposed to 100 ??g l-1 ATZ reduced feeding after 10 days of exposure and had an impaired growth rate in FW and during the first month in SW; compensatory growth occurred in the second and third month in SW. HEX and ATZ at 10 ??g l-1 exposure had no effect on plasma levels of cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor I (IGF-I), thyroxine (T4) and plasma 3,5,3???-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), Cl-, Mg2+, Na+, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ in FW or after SW challenge. FW smolts exposed to 100 ??g l-1 ATZ had decreased plasma Cl-, Mg2+, Na+ and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ ions and increased cortisol. No effect on plasma levels of GH, IGF-I, T4 or T3 was found in FW smolts exposed to 100 ??g l-1 ATZ. Following SW challenge, fish previously exposed to 100 ??g l-1 ATZ had significant increases in hematocrit, plasma cortisol, Cl-, Mg2+, Na+, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ and a decrease in T4 and T3. It is concluded that under the conditions imposed in this study, HEX does not affect salinity tolerance of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon smolts, while ATZ causes ionoregulatory, growth and endocrine disturbance. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP31B2278Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP31B2278Y"><span>Changes in Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean Thermohaline Circulation Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yehudai, M.; Kim, J.; Seguí, M. J.; Goldstein, S. L.; Pena, L. D.; Haynes, L.; Hoenisch, B.; Farmer, J. R.; Ford, H. L.; Raymo, M. E.; Bickert, T.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) marked a change in the duration of glacial-interglacial cycles from 41 to 100kyr between 1.3-0.7 Ma. A recent study (Pena and Goldstein, Science, 2014) from the Southern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean found evidence for major disruptions in the global thermohaline circulation (THC) between MIS 25-21 ( 950-850ka), which may have triggered intensified glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span> and the onset of the 100 kyr cycles. We report new Nd isotope data on Fe-Mn oxide encrusted foraminifera and fish debris from ODP Site 926 (3.719N, 42.908W, 3598m) between 1.2-0.4 Ma, in order to evaluate changes in the THC in the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, through comparison with North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sites. The ODP 926 ɛNd values fall in-between those in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (DSDP 607) and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (ODP 1088 and 1090) throughout the studied interval, consistent with mixing between northern and southern end-members, and supporting the interpretation that the data represent the THC signal at this site. Pre-MPT data show smaller glacial-interglacial differences compared to the greater post-MPT glacial-interglacial variability. As Pena and Goldstein (2014) observed in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, during MIS 23 at 900 ka, ɛNd values do not shift significantly toward North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> more negative values, consistent with a weak THC through this critical weak interglacial. Comparing ODP 926 and DSDP 607 data, ɛNd values converge during most interglacial peaks (excepting MIS 23) and diverge otherwise. This observation indicates that northern-sourced water masses dominate the site during peak interglacials, and confirms that the THC has been strongest during peak interglacials throughout the studied interval. Otherwise, diverging ɛNd values indicate a stronger southern-source signal and weaker northern-source signal at the ODP 926 site. This confirms that there was an active but variable THC system before, during, and after the MPT, with stronger deep water export from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29383757','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29383757"><span>Aberrant astrocyte <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signals "Ax<span class="hlt">Ca</span> signals" exacerbate pathological alterations in an Alexander disease model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Saito, Kozo; Shigetomi, Eiji; Yasuda, Rei; Sato, Ryuichi; Nakano, Masakazu; Tashiro, Kei; Tanaka, Kenji F; Ikenaka, Kazuhiro; Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko; Mizuta, Ikuko; Yoshida, Tomokatsu; Nakagawa, Masanori; Mizuno, Toshiki; Koizumi, Schuichi</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by gain of function mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. Accumulation of GFAP proteins and formation of Rosenthal fibers (RFs) in astrocytes are hallmarks of AxD. However, malfunction of astrocytes in the AxD brain is poorly understood. Here, we show aberrant <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ responses in astrocytes as playing a causative role in AxD. Transcriptome analysis of astrocytes from a model of AxD showed age-dependent upregulation of GFAP, several markers for neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, and downregulation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ homeostasis molecules. In situ AxD model astrocytes produced aberrant extra-large <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ signals "Ax<span class="hlt">Ca</span> signals", which increased with age, correlated with GFAP upregulation, and were dependent on stored <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ . Inhibition of Ax<span class="hlt">Ca</span> signals by deletion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate type 2 receptors (IP3R2) ameliorated AxD pathogenesis. Taken together, Ax<span class="hlt">Ca</span> signals in the model astrocytes would contribute to AxD pathogenesis. © 2018 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8048553','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8048553"><span>Intracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx during regulatory volume decrease in IMCD cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tinel, H; Wehner, F; Sauer, H</p> <p>1994-07-01</p> <p>Volume changes and cytosolic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i) of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells under hypotonic stress were monitored by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy and fura 2 fluorescence, respectively. Reduction of extracellular osmolality from 600 to 300 mosmol/kgH2O by omission of sucrose led to an increase in cell volume within 1 min to 135 +/- 3% (n = 9), followed by a partial regulatory volume decrease (RVD) to 109 +/- 2% (n = 9) within the ensuring 5 min. In parallel, [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i rose from 145 +/- 9 to 433 +/- 16 nmol/l (n = 9) and thereafter reached a lower steady state of 259 +/- 9 nmol/l. Under low-<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ conditions (10 nmol/l) RVD was not impeded and reduction of osmolality evoked only a transient increase of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i by 182 +/- 22 nmol/l (n = 6). Preincubation with 100 mumol/l 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8) or 20 mmol/l caffeine, both effective inhibitors of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release from intracellular stores, in low <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ as well as in high <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+, inhibited the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ response and abolished RVD. The temporal relationship between <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release from intracellular stores and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ entry was analyzed by determining fura 2 quenching, using Mn2+ as a substitute for external <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+. Intracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release preceded Mn2+ influx by 17 +/- 3 s (n = 10). Mn2+ influx persisted during the whole <span class="hlt">period</span> of exposure to hypotonicity, indicating that there is no time-dependent <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ channel inactivation. Preincubation with TMB-8 or caffeine reduced Mn2+ influx to the control level, indicating that activation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ channels in the plasma membrane occurs via intracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4673052','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4673052"><span>Glacier maxima in Baffin Bay during the Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> coeval with Norse settlement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Young, Nicolás E.; Schweinsberg, Avriel D.; Briner, Jason P.; Schaefer, Joerg M.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The climatic mechanisms driving the shift from the Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> (MWP) to the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region are debated. We use cosmogenic beryllium-10 dating to develop a moraine chronology with century-scale resolution over the last millennium and show that alpine glaciers in Baffin Island and western Greenland were at or near their maximum LIA configurations during the proposed general timing of the MWP. Complimentary paleoclimate proxy data suggest that the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region remained cool, whereas the eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region was comparatively warmer during the MWP—a dipole pattern compatible with a persistent positive phase of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation. These results demonstrate that over the last millennium, glaciers approached their eventual LIA maxima before what is considered the classic LIA in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, a relatively cool western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region during the MWP has implications for understanding Norse migration patterns during the MWP. Our results, paired with other regional climate records, point to nonclimatic factors as contributing to the Norse exodus from the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region. PMID:26665173</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-04-02/pdf/2010-7581.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-04-02/pdf/2010-7581.pdf"><span>75 FR 16830 - Geological and Geophysical Exploration (G&G) on the Mid- and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Outer Continental...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-02</p> <p>...Pursuant to the regulations implementing the procedural provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. (1988)) (NEPA), MMS will reopen the comment <span class="hlt">period</span> for a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 45 days from the date of this Federal Register notice. Public scoping meetings will be held during this 45-day <span class="hlt">period</span> to solicit information that will be used to prepare a PEIS to evaluate potential environmental effects of multiple G&G activities on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> OCS. These activities are associated with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> OCS siting for renewable energy projects, oil and gas exploration, and marine minerals extraction; these activities could take place over a <span class="hlt">period</span> of several years. The purpose of the scoping meetings will be to receive comments on the scope of the PEIS, identify significant resources and issues to be analyzed in the PEIS, and identify possible alternatives to the proposed action.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4276975','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4276975"><span>Reduced Anxiety in Forensic Inpatients after a Long-Term Intervention with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Salmon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hansen, Anita L.; Olson, Gina; Dahl, Lisbeth; Thornton, David; Grung, Bjørn; Graff, Ingvild E.; Frøyland, Livar; Thayer, Julian F.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon consumption on underlying biological mechanisms associated with anxiety such as heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) as well as a measure of self-reported anxiety. Moreover, these biological and self-reported outcome measures were investigated in relation to specific nutrients; vitamin D status, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Ninety-five male forensic inpatients were randomly assigned into a Fish (<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon three times per week from September to February) or a Control group (alternative meal, e.g., chicken, pork, or beef three times per week during the same <span class="hlt">period</span>). HRV measured as the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), HR, state- and trait-anxiety (STAI), were assessed before (pre-test) and at the end of the 23 weeks dietary intervention <span class="hlt">period</span> (post-test). The Fish group showed significant improvements in both rMSSD and HR. The Fish group also showed significant decreases in state-anxiety. Finally, there was a positive relationship between rMSSD and vitamin D status. The findings suggest that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon consumption may have an impact on mental health related variables such as underlying mechanisms playing a key role in emotion-regulation and state-anxiety. PMID:25431880</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431880','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431880"><span>Reduced anxiety in forensic inpatients after a long-term intervention with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hansen, Anita L; Olson, Gina; Dahl, Lisbeth; Thornton, David; Grung, Bjørn; Graff, Ingvild E; Frøyland, Livar; Thayer, Julian F</p> <p>2014-11-26</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon consumption on underlying biological mechanisms associated with anxiety such as heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) as well as a measure of self-reported anxiety. Moreover, these biological and self-reported outcome measures were investigated in relation to specific nutrients; vitamin D status, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Ninety-five male forensic inpatients were randomly assigned into a Fish (<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon three times per week from September to February) or a Control group (alternative meal, e.g., chicken, pork, or beef three times per week during the same <span class="hlt">period</span>). HRV measured as the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), HR, state- and trait-anxiety (STAI), were assessed before (pre-test) and at the end of the 23 weeks dietary intervention <span class="hlt">period</span> (post-test). The Fish group showed significant improvements in both rMSSD and HR. The Fish group also showed significant decreases in state-anxiety. Finally, there was a positive relationship between rMSSD and vitamin D status. The findings suggest that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon consumption may have an impact on mental health related variables such as underlying mechanisms playing a key role in emotion-regulation and state-anxiety.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMS...158...26F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMS...158...26F"><span>The imprint of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna otoliths</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fraile, Igaratza; Arrizabalaga, Haritz; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Kölling, Martin; Santos, Miguel Neves; Macías, David; Addis, Piero; Dettman, David L.; Karakulak, Saadet; Deguara, Simeon; Rooker, Jay R.</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Otoliths of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) collected from the Mediterranean Sea and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean were analyzed to evaluate changes in the seawater isotopic composition over time. We report an annual otolith δ13C record that documents the magnitude of the δ13C depletion in the Mediterranean Sea between 1989 and 2010. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bluefin tuna in our sample (n = 632) ranged from 1 to 22 years, and otolith material corresponding to the first year of life (back-calculated birth year) was used to reconstruct seawater isotopic composition. Otolith δ18O remained relatively stable between 1989 and 2010, whereas a statistically significant decrease in δ13C was detected across the time interval investigated, with a rate of decline of 0.05‰ yr- 1 (- 0.94‰ depletion throughout the recorded <span class="hlt">period</span>). The depletion in otolith δ13C over time was associated with the oceanic uptake of anthropogenically derived CO2.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030532','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030532"><span>Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Moros, M.; Andrews, John T.; Eberl, D.D.; Jansen, E.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>We present new high-resolution proxy data for the Holocene history of drift ice off Iceland based on the mineralogy of the <2-mm sediment fraction using quantitative X-ray diffraction. These new data, bolstered by a comparison with published proxy records, point to a long-term increasing trend in drift ice input into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> from 6 to 5 ka toward the present day at sites influenced by the cold east Greenland Current. This feature reflects the late Holocene Neoglacial or cooling <span class="hlt">period</span> recorded in ice cores and further terrestrial archives on Greenland. In contrast, a decrease in drift ice during the same <span class="hlt">period</span> is recorded at sites underlying the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Drift, which may reflect a warming of this region. The results document that Holocene changes in iceberg rafting and sea ice advection did not occur uniformly across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Centennial-scale climate variability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region over the last ???4 kyr is linked to the observed changes in drift ice input. Increased drift ice may have played a role in the increase of cold intervals during the late Holocene, e.g., the Little Ice Age cooling. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.460..123L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.460..123L"><span>Two phases of the Holocene East African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span>: Inferred from a high-resolution geochemical record off Tanzania</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Xiting; Rendle-Bühring, Rebecca; Kuhlmann, Holger; Li, Anchun</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>During the Holocene, the most notably climatic change across the African continent is the African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span> (AHP), however the pace and primary forcing for this pluvial condition is still ambiguous, particularly in East Africa. We present a high-resolution marine sediment record off Tanzania to provide insights into the climatic conditions of inland East Africa during the Holocene. Major element ratios (i.e., log-ratios of Fe/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Ti/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>), derived from X-Ray Fluorescence scanning, have been employed to document variations in humidity in East Africa. Our results show that the AHP is represented by two humid phases: an intense humid <span class="hlt">period</span> from the beginning of the Holocene to 8 ka (AHP I); and a moderate humid <span class="hlt">period</span> spanning from 8 to 5.5 ka (AHP II). On the basis of our geochemical record and regime detection, the termination of the AHP initiated at 5.5 ka and ceased around 3.5 ka. Combined with other paleoclimatic records around East Africa, we suggest that the humid conditions in this region responded to Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer insolation. The AHP I and II might have been related to an eastward shift of the Congo Air Boundary and warmer conditions in the western Indian Ocean, which resulted in additional moisture being delivered from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Indian Oceans during the NH summer and autumn, respectively. We further note a drought event throughout East Africa north of 10°S around 8.2 ka, which may have been related to the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in response to the NH cooling event.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-02-19/pdf/2010-3270.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-02-19/pdf/2010-3270.pdf"><span>75 FR 7435 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-02-19</p> <p>.... 100105009-0053-01] RIN 0648-AY51 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifications AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... comments. SUMMARY: NMFS proposes 2010 specifications for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep-sea red crab fishery, including...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-14/pdf/2010-11613.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-14/pdf/2010-11613.pdf"><span>75 FR 27219 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-05-14</p> <p>.... 100105009-0167-02] RIN 0648-AY51 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifications AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... final specifications for the 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep- sea red crab fishery, including a target total...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....3646K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....3646K"><span>Provenance of ice rafted debris in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: biomarker approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kornilova, O.; Russell, M.; Rosell-Melé, A.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>During the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>, there have been several episodes of quasi-<span class="hlt">periodic</span> iceberg discharge from the ice sheets into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (Heinrich Events) (Heinrich, 1988). These episodes are recorded in Quaternary sediments as layers of ice rafted debris (IRD), whose properties differ from those of adjacent ambient sediments. Heinrich Events (HEs) are associated with changes in global climate. To determine the cause of HEs, work on provenance of IRD was undertaken. Previous studies included analysis of bulk properties of lithic &organic matter of IRD in Heinrich Layers (HLs) and an attempt to correlate them with possible continental sources (e.g. Grousset et al., 2001). We used biomarker approach to characterise the provenance of IRD in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, similar to oil-source rock correlation well established in petroleum industry. In this work, biomarker composition of Heinrich Layers from several North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cores was compared with that of possible source areas. As a proxy for source of IRD, we analysed glaciogenic debris flows from trough mouth fans (TMF) that formed as a result of iceberg discharge (Vorren &Laberg, 1997). Those include samples from the Nordic Seas, Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay and combined Arctic sources. Different classes of organic compounds (e.g. photosynthetic pigments and hydrocarbons) were characterised using UV-Vis, LC-MS and GC, GC-MS respectively. Variability within each class, relative abundances of different components and isotopic signatures were considered. Biomarker signatures of debris flows were compared with those of IRD in Heinrich Layers (HLs) from four North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cores containing HLs 1-6 (MD95-2024, ODP-609, BOSF-5K and SU90-09). Variability between different cores and between different HLs was considered as well as variability within each HL (1-5) for SU90-09. Cluster analysis was performed to correlate sources of IRD (TMFs) and sinks (HLs). Grousset et al. 2001. Zooming in on Heinrich layers. Paleoceanography</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....3859S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....3859S"><span>Anisotropic tomography of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Silveira, G.; Stutzmann, E.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>We present a regional tri-dimensional model of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean with anisotropy. The model, derived from Rayleigh and Love phase velocity measurements, is defined from the Moho down to 300 km depth with a lateral resolution of about 500 km and is presented in terms of average isotropic S-wave velocity, azimuthal anisotropy and transverse isotropy. The cratons beneath North America, Brazil and Africa are clearly associated with fast S-wave velocity anomalies. The Mid <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ridge is a shallow structure in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> corresponding to a negative velocity anomaly down to about 150 km depth. In contrast, the ridge negative signature is visible in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> down to the deepest depth inverted, that is 300~km depth. This difference is probably related to the presence of hot-spots along or close to the ridge axis in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and may indicate a different mechanism for the ridge between the North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Negative velocity anomalies are clearly associated with hot-spots from the surface down to at least 300km depth, they are much broader that the supposed size of the hot-spots and seem to be connected along a North-South direction. Down to 100 km depth, a fast S-wave velocity anomaly is extenting from Africa into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean within the zone defined as the Africa superswell area. This result indicates that the hot material rising from below does not reach the surface in this area but may be pushing the lithosphere upward. In most parts of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the azimuthal anisotropy directions remain stable with increasing depth. Close to the ridge, the fast S-wave velocity direction is roughly parallel to the sea floor spreading direction. The hot-spot anisotropy signature is striking beneath Bermuda, Cape Verde and Fernando Noronha islands where the fast S-wave velocity direction seems to diverge radially from the hot-spots. The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> average radial anisotropy is similar to that of the PREM model, that is positive down to about</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OcSci..14...53M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OcSci..14...53M"><span>South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional transports from NEMO-based simulations and reanalyses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mignac, Davi; Ferreira, David; Haines, Keith</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The meridional heat transport (MHT) of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> plays a key role in the global heat budget: it is the only equatorward basin-scale ocean heat transport and it sets the northward direction of the global cross-equatorial transport. Its strength and variability, however, are not well known. The South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> transports are evaluated for four state-of-the-art global ocean reanalyses (ORAs) and two free-running models (FRMs) in the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1997-2010. All products employ the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Oceans (NEMO) model, and the ORAs share very similar configurations. Very few previous works have looked at ocean circulation patterns in reanalysis products, but here we show that the ORA basin interior transports are consistently improved by the assimilated in situ and satellite observations relative to the FRMs, especially in the Argo <span class="hlt">period</span>. The ORAs also exhibit systematically higher meridional transports than the FRMs, which is in closer agreement with observational estimates at 35 and 11° S. However, the data assimilation impact on the meridional transports still greatly varies among the ORAs, leading to differences up to ˜ 8 Sv and 0.4 PW in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation and the MHTs, respectively. We narrow this down to large inter-product discrepancies in the western boundary currents (WBCs) at both upper and deep levels explaining up to ˜ 85 % of the inter-product differences in MHT. We show that meridional velocity differences, rather than temperature differences, in the WBCs drive ˜ 83 % of this MHT spread. These findings show that the present ocean observation network and data assimilation schemes can be used to consistently constrain the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> interior circulation but not the overturning component, which is dominated by the narrow western boundary currents. This will likely limit the effectiveness of ORA products for climate or decadal prediction studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449237','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449237"><span>The environmental and host-associated bacterial microbiota of Arctic seawater-farmed <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon with ulcerative disorders.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Karlsen, C; Ottem, K F; Brevik, Øyvind Jakobsen; Davey, M; Sørum, H; Winther-Larsen, H C</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The Norwegian aquaculture of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar L.) is hampered by ulcerative disorders associated with bacterial infections. Chronic ulceration may provide microenvironments that disturb the normal microbial biodiversity of external surfaces. Studying the composition of microbial communities in skin ulcers will enhance our understanding of ulcer aetiology. To achieve this, we tested marine farmed <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon and sampled the base and edge of ulcers at the end of winter (April) and end of summer (September), in addition to skin mucus of healthy individuals. In order to assess microbiota associated with the host and obtain insight into the environmental ecology, we also sampled sea water, the sediment layer underneath the farm facility and the distal intestine of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon. The skin microbiota of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon was different from that of the surrounding water. Residential Tenacibaculum and Arcobacter species persistently dominated the cutaneous skin and ulcer mucus surfaces of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon during both winter and summer <span class="hlt">periods</span>. The intestinal microbiota was dominated by Mycoplasma with an increase in Aliivibrio and Alcaligenes abundance in the intestine of fish with ulcerative disorder at the end of winter. These findings suggest the presence of resilient microbes in the mucus surfaces of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-13/pdf/2010-20077.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-13/pdf/2010-20077.pdf"><span>75 FR 49420 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-08-13</p> <p>.... 100513223-0289-02] RIN 0648-AY88 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifications In- season Adjustment AGENCY: National Marine...-sea (DAS) allocation for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep- sea red crab fishery that were implemented in May 2010...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp.2422Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp.2422Z"><span>The poleward shift of South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Convergence Zone in recent decades</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zilli, Marcia T.; Carvalho, Leila M. V.; Lintner, Benjamin R.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>During austral summer (December-January-February or DJF), intense precipitation over central-eastern Brazil is modulated by the South American Monsoon System and the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Convergence Zone (SACZ). Previous studies identified spatial variability in precipitation trends over this region, suggestive of a poleward shift of the SACZ in recent years. To identify underlying mechanisms associated with changes in the precipitation intensity and position of the SACZ, decadal averages of observed precipitation and the mean state of the atmosphere and ocean during three different <span class="hlt">periods</span> from 1979 to 2014 are compared. Results show evidence of decreasing (increasing) average daily precipitation along the equatorward (poleward) margin of the climatological SACZ, likely related to a poleward shift of the convergence zone. Precipitation reduction along the equatorward margin of the SACZ is associated with weakening of the poleward winds along the eastern Brazilian coast and drying of low-to-mid troposphere (700 hPa) over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These changes in circulation and moisture are likely related to the poleward expansion of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Subtropical High.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-03-16/pdf/2011-6118.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-03-16/pdf/2011-6118.pdf"><span>76 FR 14377 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-03-16</p> <p>...; telephone: (866) 358- 6255. Council address: South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place... Information Officer, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, N...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-28/pdf/2010-18456.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-28/pdf/2010-18456.pdf"><span>75 FR 44228 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-28</p> <p>... at the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council office, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, North... Iverson, Public Information Officer, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-10/pdf/2010-5088.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-10/pdf/2010-5088.pdf"><span>75 FR 11133 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-03-10</p> <p>... of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, North Charleston...: Kim Iverson, Public Information Officer, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616560','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616560"><span>Break-up of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep western boundary current into eddies at 8 degrees S.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dengler, M; Schott, F A; Eden, C; Brandt, P; Fischer, J; Zantopp, R J</p> <p>2004-12-23</p> <p>The existence in the ocean of deep western boundary currents, which connect the high-latitude regions where deep water is formed with upwelling regions as part of the global ocean circulation, was postulated more than 40 years ago. These ocean currents have been found adjacent to the continental slopes of all ocean basins, and have core depths between 1,500 and 4,000 m. In the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, the deep western boundary current is estimated to carry (10-40) x 10(6) m3 s(-1) of water, transporting North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water--from the overflow regions between Greenland and Scotland and from the Labrador Sea--into the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the Antarctic circumpolar current. Here we present direct velocity and water mass observations obtained in the <span class="hlt">period</span> 2000 to 2003, as well as results from a numerical ocean circulation model, showing that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep western boundary current breaks up at 8 degrees S. Southward of this latitude, the transport of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water into the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is accomplished by migrating eddies, rather than by a continuous flow. Our model simulation indicates that the deep western boundary current breaks up into eddies at the present intensity of meridional overturning circulation. For weaker overturning, continuation as a stable, laminar boundary flow seems possible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-10-22/pdf/2013-24587.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-10-22/pdf/2013-24587.pdf"><span>78 FR 62587 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-22</p> <p>...: (727) 450-6200 Ext. 104. Council address: South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place... Information Officer, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, N...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-01/pdf/2013-26066.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-01/pdf/2013-26066.pdf"><span>78 FR 65615 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>...: (877) 747-7301. Council address: South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive... Officer, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, N. Charleston, SC...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP51A1922K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP51A1922K"><span>A 3000-year annual-resolution record of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kelly, B. F.; Mariethoz, G.; Hellstrom, J.; Baker, A.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation provides an index of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate variability. The 947-yr long annual resolution record of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) of Trouet et al. (2009, Science, 324, 78-81), the NAO Morocco-Scotland index, combined tree ring and stalagmite data, the latter a single stalagmite growth rate archive from NW Scotland. Trouet et al (2009) noted the unusual persistence of the positive phase of the NAO during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; 1050-1400AD). In order to better assess the uniqueness of the persistently positive NAO in the MCA, we extend the speleothem portion of the proxy NAO record with a composite of five stalagmites from the same cave system. We present the first-ever composite speleothem growth rate record. Using a combination of lamina counting, U-Th dating, and correlation between growth rate series, we build a continuous, annual-resolution, annually laminated, stalagmite growth rates series for the last 3000 years. We use geostatistical and stochastic approaches appropriate to stalagmite growth rate time series to characterise uncertainty in the stalagmite series and to screen them for <span class="hlt">periods</span> of relative climate sensitivity vs. <span class="hlt">periods</span> where there is hydrologically introduced, non-climatic variability. We produce the longest annual-resolution annual lamina record of the NAO for the last 3000 years. The screened stalagmite series is compared to instrumental and proxy records of the NAO. Spectral and wavelet analysis demonstrates that the series contains significant decadal to centennial scale <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> throughout the record. We demonstrate that the persistently positive NAO during the MCA (1080-1460 CE) is remarkable within the last 3000 years. Two other phases of persistent, positive NAO, occur at 290-550 CE and 660-530 BCE, in agreement with the lower resolution, 5,200-yr Greenland lake sediment NAO proxy (Olsen et al, 2012, Nature Geoscience, 5, 808-812).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020080995','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020080995"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Surface Winds Examined as the Source of Warm Advection into Europe in Winter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Otterman, J.; Angell, J. K.; Ardizzone, J.; Atlas, Robert; Schubert, S.; Starr, D.; Wu, M.-L.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>When from the southwest, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ocean surface winds are known to bring warm and moist airmasses into central Europe in winter. By tracing backward trajectories from western Europe, we establish that these airmasses originate in the southwestern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, in the very warm regions of the Gulf Stream. Over the eastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Lt the gateway to Europe, the ocean-surface winds changed directions in the second half of the XXth century, those from the northwest and from the southeast becoming so infrequent, that the direction from the southwest became even more dominant. For the January-to-March <span class="hlt">period</span>, the strength of south-westerlies in this region, as well as in the source region, shows in the years 1948-1995 a significant increase, above 0.2 m/sec/ decade. Based on the sensitivity of the surface temperature in Europe, slightly more than 1 C for a 1m/sec increase in the southwesterly wind, found in the previous studies, the trend in the warm advection accounts for a large part of the warming in Europe established for this <span class="hlt">period</span> in several reports. However, for the most recent years, 1996-2001, the positive trend in the southwesterly advection appears to be is broken, which is consistent with unseasonally cold events reported in Europe in those winters. This study had, some bearing on evaluating the respective roles of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation and the Greenhouse Gas Global warming, GGG, in the strong winter warming observed for about half a century over the northern-latitude continents. Changes in the ocean-surface temperatures induced by GGG may have produced the dominant southwesterly direction of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> winds. However, this implies a monotonically (apart from inherent interannual variability) increasing advection, and if the break in the trend which we observe after 1995 persists, this mechanism is counter-indicated. The 1948-1995 trend in the south-westerlies could then be considered to a large degree attributable to the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1817008G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1817008G"><span>Estimation of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Mediterranean netflow variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guerreiro, Catarina; Peliz, Alvaro; Miranda, Pedro</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The exchanges at the Strait of Gibraltar are extremely difficult to measure due to the strong temporal and across-strait variabilities; yet the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> inflow into the Mediterranean is extremely important both for climate and to ecosystems. Most of the published numerical modeling studies do not resolve the Strait of Gibraltar realistically. Models that represent the strait at high resolution focus primarily in high frequency dynamics, whereas long-term dynamics are studied in low resolution model studies, and for that reason the Strait dynamics are poorly resolved. Estimating the variability of the exchanges requires long term and high-resolutions studies, thus an improved simulation with explicit and realistic representation of the Strait is necessary. On seasonal to inter-annual timescales the flow is essentially driven by the net evaporation contribution and consequently realistic fields of precipitation and evaporation are necessary for model setup. A comparison between observations, reanalysis and combined products shows ERA-Interim Reanalysis has the most suitable product for Mediterranean Sea. Its time and space variability are in close agreement with NOC 1.1 for the common <span class="hlt">period</span> (1980 - 1993) and also with evaporation from OAFLUX (1989 - 2014). Subinertial fluctuations, <span class="hlt">periods</span> from days to a few months, are the second most energetic, after tides, and are the response to atmospheric pressure fluctuations and local winds. Atmospheric pressure fluctuations in the Mediterranean cause sea level oscillations that induce a barotropic flow through the Strait. Candela's analytical model has been used to quantify this response in later studies, though comparison with observations points to an underestimation of the flow at strait. An improved representation of this term contribution to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> - Mediterranean exchange must be achieved on longer time-scales. We propose a new simulation for the last 36 years (1979 - 2014) for the Mediterranean - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUSM..OS42B04D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUSM..OS42B04D"><span>Historic Storminess Changes in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dawson, A. G.; Elliott, L.; Noone, S.; Hickey, K.; Foster, I.; Wadhams, P.; Mayewski, P.</p> <p>2001-05-01</p> <p>Reconstructed patterns of historic storminess (1870-1990 AD) for North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region as indicated by measurements from selected stations in Iceland, Faeroes, Scotland and Ireland show clear links with the climate "seesaw" winters first described by Van Loon and Rogers. The stormiest winters appear to have occurred during <span class="hlt">periods</span> when measured Greenland air temperatures at Jacobshavn and reconstructed air temperatures from the Summit ice core site have been exceptionally low and when air temperature across northern Europe have been well above average. Maxima and minima of recorded winter storms for the various stations are also in agreement with the Sodium chronology from GISP2 that points to increased sea salt precipitation on Greenland ice at Summit during Greenland "below" <span class="hlt">periods</span> of the climate seesaw.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cosp...38.2135R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cosp...38.2135R"><span>Long <span class="hlt">periods</span> (1 -10 mHz) geomagnetic pulsations variation with solar cycle in South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Magnetic Anomaly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rigon Silva, Willian; Schuch, Nelson Jorge; Guimarães Dutra, Severino Luiz; Babulal Trivedi, Nalin; Claudir da Silva, Andirlei; Souza Savian, Fernando; Ronan Coelho Stekel, Tardelli; de Siqueira, Josemar; Espindola Antunes, Cassio</p> <p></p> <p>The occurrence and intensity of the geomagnetic pulsations Pc-5 (2-7 mHz) and its relationship with the solar cycle in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Magnetic Anomaly -SAMA is presented. The study of geomagnetic pulsations is important to help the understanding of the physical processes that occurs in the magnetosphere region and help to predict geomagnetic storms. The fluxgate mag-netometers H, D and Z, three axis geomagnetic field data from the Southern Space Observatory -SSO/CRS/INPE -MCT, São Martinho da Serra (29.42° S, 53.87° W, 480m a.s.l.), RS, Brasil, a were analyzed and correlated with the solar wind parameters (speed, density and temperature) from the ACE and SOHO satellites. A digital filtering to enhance the 2-7 mHz geomagnetic pulsations was used. Five quiet days and five perturbed days in the solar minimum and in the solar maximum were selected for this analysis. The days were chosen based on the IAGA definition and on the Bartels Musical Diagrams (Kp index) for 2001 (solar maximum) and 2008 (solar minimum). The biggest Pc-5 amplitude averages differences between the H-component is 78,35 nT for the perturbed days and 1,60nT for the quiet days during the solar maximum. For perturbed days the average amplitude during the solar minimum is 8,32 nT, confirming a direct solar cycle influence in the geomagnetic pulsations intensity for long <span class="hlt">periods</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP21A2275L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP21A2275L"><span>Evidence for Increased Carbon Storage in the Mid-Depth South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> During the Last Deglaciation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lacerra, M.; Lund, D. C.; Yu, J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Carbon isotope anomalies were a ubiquitous feature in the mid-depth <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 14.5-17.5 kyr BP) yet their cause is a matter of ongoing debate. New evidence points towards North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> processes as the source of the δ13C anomalies, with the most likely driver being weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) (1, 2). Model simulations suggest that slowing of the AMOC 1) minimizes sinking of high δ13C surface water in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and 2) increases the residence time of deep water, leading to the accumulation of isotopically light respired carbon (3). The simulated tracer field shows the largest anomalies in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and progressively smaller anomalies in the tropical and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, similar to observations. Here, we assess the accumulation of carbon in the mid-depth South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> using foraminiferal B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, a proxy for [CO32-] (which is inversely related to ΣCO2) (4). Using two high resolution records from the Brazil Margin, we show that [CO32-] decreased by 23±6 μmol/kg during HS1 and 15±7 μmol/kg during the Younger Dryas (YD, 11.5-12.9 kyr BP), synchronous with the apparent AMOC weakening recorded in 231Pa/230Th records (5). The [CO32-] response at the Brazil Margin is smaller than at 12°N (6), implying there was a north-south gradient in [CO32-] signals during HS1. The implied millennial scale increases in ΣCO2 are consistent with model results of AMOC shutdown, suggesting the mid-depth <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> acted as a temporary reservoir of stored carbon during both HS1 and the YD. On longer time-scales, changes in [CO32-] at the Brazil Margin likely reflect exchange with an atmosphere with progressively higher pCO2. Our results suggest that mid-depth δ13C anomalies were partly due to increased carbon storage, meaning δ13C behaved non-conservatively during the deglaciation. Our results also imply that mechanisms responsible for rising atmospheric CO2levels must have counteracted increased</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030714','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030714"><span>Reproducibility of geochemical and climatic signals in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coral Montastraea faveolata</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Smith, Joseph M.; Quinn, T.M.; Helmle, K.P.; Halley, R.B.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Monthly resolved, 41-year-long stable isotopic and elemental ratio time series were generated from two separate heads of Montastraea faveolata from Looe Key, Florida, to assess the fidelity of using geochemical variations in Montastraea, the dominant reef-building coral of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, to reconstruct sea surface environmental conditions at this site. The stable isotope time series of the two corals replicate well; mean values of ??18O and ??13C are indistinguishable between cores (compare 0.70??? versus 0.68??? for ??13C and -3.90??? versus - 3.94??? for ??18O). Mean values from the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> time series differ by 0.037 mmol/mol, which is outside of analytical error and indicates that nonenvironmental factors are influencing the coral Sr/ <span class="hlt">Ca</span> records at Looe Key. We have generated significant ?? 18O-sea surface temperature (SST) (R = -0.84) and Sr/ <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST (R = -0.86) calibration equations at Looe Key; however, these equations are different from previously published equations for Montastraea. Variations in growth parameters or kinetic effects are not sufficient to explain either the observed differences in the mean offset between Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> time series or the disagreement between previous calibrations and our calculated ??18O-SST and Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST relationships. Calibration differences are most likely due to variations in seawater chemistry in the continentally influenced waters at Looe Key. Additional geochemical replication studies of Montastraea are needed and should include multiple coral heads from open ocean localities complemented whenever possible by seawater chemistry determinations. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-03-16/pdf/2011-6094.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-03-16/pdf/2011-6094.pdf"><span>76 FR 14378 - Fisheries of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-03-16</p> <p>...-6660. Council address: South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, N... <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Drive, Suite 201, N. Charleston, SC 29405; telephone...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-15/pdf/C1-2010-13207.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-15/pdf/C1-2010-13207.pdf"><span>75 FR 33731 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quota Specifications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-15</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 635 [Docket No. 100317152-0176-01] RIN 0648-AY77 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Bluefin Tuna Quota Specifications Correction In rule document 2010-13207 beginning on page 30732 in the issue of Wednesday, June 2...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035872','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035872"><span>Bathymetric controls on Pliocene North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Robinson, M.M.; Valdes, P.J.; Haywood, A.M.; Dowsett, H.J.; Hill, D.J.; Jones, S.M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The mid-Pliocene warm <span class="hlt">period</span> (MPWP; ~. 3.3 to 3.0. Ma) is the most recent interval in Earth's history in which global temperatures reached and remained at levels similar to those projected for the near future. The distribution of global warmth, however, was different than today in that the high latitudes warmed more than the tropics. Multiple temperature proxies indicate significant sea surface warming in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Arctic Oceans during the MPWP, but predictions from a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere model (HadCM3) have so far been unable to fully predict the large scale of sea surface warming in the high latitudes. If climate proxies accurately represent Pliocene conditions, and if no weakness exists in the physics of the model, then model boundary conditions may be in error. Here we alter a single boundary condition (bathymetry) to examine if Pliocene high latitude warming was aided by an increase in poleward heat transport due to changes in the subsidence of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean ridges. We find an increase in both Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production in model experiments that incorporate a deepened Greenland-Scotland Ridge. These results offer both a mechanism for the warming in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Arctic Oceans indicated by numerous proxies and an explanation for the apparent disparity between proxy data and model simulations of Pliocene northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Arctic Ocean conditions. Determining the causes of Pliocene warmth remains critical to fully understanding comparisons of the Pliocene warm <span class="hlt">period</span> to possible future climate change scenarios. ?? 2011.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10451747','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10451747"><span>The contributions of W.D. Stevenson to the development of neurosurgery in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Canada.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mukhida, K; Mendez, I</p> <p>1999-08-01</p> <p>The establishment of a neurosurgical department in Halifax in January 1948 marked the beginnings of the first dedicated neurosurgical service in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Canada. The development of neurosurgery in Halifax occurred in a receptive place and time. The Victoria General Hospital, the region's largest tertiary care centre, and the Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine were in a <span class="hlt">period</span> of growth associated with medical specialization and departmentalization, changes inspired in part by the Flexner Report of 1910. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Canadians during this <span class="hlt">period</span> were increasingly looking to specialists for their medical care. Although this social environment encouraged the establishment of surgical specialty services, the development of neurosurgery in Halifax, as in other parts of Canada, was closely associated with the efforts of individual neurosurgeons, such as William D. Stevenson. After training with Kenneth G. McKenzie in Toronto, Stevenson was recruited to Halifax and established the first neurosurgical department in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Canada. From the outset and over his twenty-six years as Department Head at the Victoria General Hospital and Dalhousie University, Stevenson worked to maintain the department's commitment to clinical practice, medical education, and research. Although Stevenson single-handedly ran the service for several years after its inception, by the time of his retirement in 1974 the neurosurgery department had grown to include five attending staff surgeons who performed over two thousand procedures each year. This paper highlights the importance of Stevenson's contributions to the development of neurosurgery in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Canada within the context of the social and medical environment of the region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ClDy...22..701B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ClDy...22..701B"><span>Simulated variability of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bentsen, M.; Drange, H.; Furevik, T.; Zhou, T.</p> <p></p> <p>To examine the multi-annual to decadal scale variability of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) we conducted a four-member ensemble with a daily reanalysis forced, medium-resolution global version of the isopycnic coordinate ocean model MICOM, and a 300-years integration with the fully coupled Bergen Climate Model (BCM). The simulations of the AMOC with both model systems yield a long-term mean value of 18 Sv and decadal variability with an amplitude of 1-3 Sv. The power spectrum of the inter-annual to decadal scale variability of the AMOC in BCM generally follows the theoretical red noise spectrum, with indications of increased power near the 20-years <span class="hlt">period</span>. Comparison with observational proxy indices for the AMOC, e.g. the thickness of the Labrador Sea Water, the strength of the baroclinic gyre circulation in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, and the surface temperature anomalies along the mean path of the Gulf Stream, shows similar trends and phasing of the variability, indicating that the simulated AMOC variability is robust and real. Mixing indices have been constructed for the Labrador, the Irminger and the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) seas. While convective mixing in the Labrador and the GIN seas are in opposite phase, and linked to the NAO as observations suggest, the convective mixing in the Irminger Sea is in phase with or leads the Labrador Sea. Newly formed deep water is seen as a slow, anomalous cold and fresh, plume flowing southward along the western continental slope of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, with a return flow of warm and saline water on the surface. In addition, fast-travelling topographically trapped waves propagate southward along the continental slope towards equator, where they go east and continue along the eastern rim of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. For both types of experiments, the Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure and 2 m temperature anomaly patterns computed based on the difference between climate states with strong and weak AMOC</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CliPa..11..915C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CliPa..11..915C"><span>Thermal evolution of the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the adjacent continent during Termination 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chiessi, C. M.; Mulitza, S.; Mollenhauer, G.; Silva, J. B.; Groeneveld, J.; Prange, M.</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>During Termination 1, millennial-scale weakening events of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) supposedly produced major changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and in mean air temperatures (MATs) over southeastern South America. It has been suggested, for instance, that the Brazil Current (BC) would strengthen (weaken) and the North Brazil Current (NBC) would weaken (strengthen) during slowdown (speed-up) events of the AMOC. This anti-phase pattern was claimed to be a necessary response to the decreased North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> heat piracy during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of weak AMOC. However, the thermal evolution of the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the adjacent continent is so far largely unknown. Here we address this issue, presenting high-temporal-resolution SST and MAT records from the BC and southeastern South America, respectively. We identify a warming in the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), which is followed first by a drop and then by increasing temperatures during the Bølling-Allerød, in phase with an existing SST record from the NBC. Additionally, a similar SST evolution is shown by a southernmost eastern South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> record, suggesting a South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-wide pattern in SST evolution during most of Termination 1. Over southeastern South America, our MAT record shows a two-step increase during Termination 1, synchronous with atmospheric CO2 rise (i.e., during the second half of HS1 and during the Younger Dryas), and lagging abrupt SST changes by several thousand years. This delay corroborates the notion that the long duration of HS1 was fundamental in driving the Earth out of the last glacial.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CliPD..10.4553C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CliPD..10.4553C"><span>Thermal evolution of the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the adjacent continent during Termination 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chiessi, C. M.; Mulitza, S.; Mollenhauer, G.; Silva, J. B.; Groeneveld, J.; Prange, M.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>During Termination 1, millennial-scale weakening events of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) supposedly produced major changes in sea surface temperatures (SST) of the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and in mean air temperatures (MAT) over southeastern South America. It was suggested, for instance, that the Brazil Current (BC) would strengthen (weaken) and the North Brazil Current (NBC) would weaken (strengthen) during slowdown (speed-up) events of the AMOC. This anti-phase pattern was claimed to be a necessary response to the decreased North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> heat piracy during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of weak AMOC. However, the thermal evolution of the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the adjacent continent is largely unknown and a compelling record of the BC-NBC anti-phase behavior remains elusive. Here we address this issue, presenting high temporal resolution SST and MAT records from the BC and southeastern South America, respectively. We identify a warming in the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), which is followed first by a drop and then by increasing temperatures during the Bølling-Allerød, in-phase with an existing NBC record. Additionally, a similar SST evolution is shown by a southernmost eastern South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> record, suggesting a South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-wide pattern in SST evolution during most of Termination 1. Over southeastern South America, our MAT record shows a two-step increase during Termination 1, synchronous with atmospheric CO2 rise (i.e., during the second half of HS1 and during the Younger Dryas), and lagging abrupt SST changes by several thousand years. This delay corroborates the notion that the long duration of HS1 was fundamental to drive the Earth out of the last glacial.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title49-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title49-vol1-sec71-3.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title49-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title49-vol1-sec71-3.pdf"><span>49 CFR 71.3 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> zone.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> zone. 71.3 Section 71.3 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation STANDARD TIME ZONE BOUNDARIES § 71.3 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> zone. The first zone, the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> standard time zone, includes that part of the United States that is between 52°30″ W...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80433&keyword=rate+AND+change+AND+frequency&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80433&keyword=rate+AND+change+AND+frequency&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>INDICATORS OF CHANGE IN MID-<span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> WATERSHEDS, AND CONSEQUENCES IN UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The rate of change of atmospheric temperature in the Northern Hemisphere in the past century relative to the preceding millennium strongly suggests that we are in a <span class="hlt">period</span> of rapid global climate change. The mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region is quite sensitive to larger-scale climate variation...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1212960M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1212960M"><span>Initializing decadal climate predictions over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matei, Daniela Mihaela; Pohlmann, Holger; Jungclaus, Johann; Müller, Wolfgang; Haak, Helmuth; Marotzke, Jochem</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Decadal climate prediction aims to predict the internally-generated decadal climate variability in addition to externally-forced climate change signal. In order to achieve this it is necessary to start the predictions from the current climate state. In this study we investigate the forecast skill of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> decadal climate predictions using two different ocean initialization strategies. First we apply an assimilation of ocean synthesis data provided by the GECCO project (Köhl and Stammer, 2008) as initial conditions for the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM. Hindcast experiments are then performed over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1952-2001. An alternative approach is one in which the subsurface ocean temperature and salinity are diagnosed from an ensemble of ocean model runs forced by the NCEP-NCAR atmospheric reanalyzes for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1948-2007, then nudge into the coupled model to produce initial conditions for the hindcast experiments. An anomaly coupling scheme is used in both approaches to avoid the hindcast drift and the associated initial shock. Differences between the two assimilation approaches are discussed by comparing them with the observational data in key regions and processes. We asses the skill of the initialized decadal hindcast experiments against the prediction skill of the non-initialized hindcasts simulation. We obtain an overview of the regions with the highest predictability from the regional distribution of the anomaly correlation coefficients and RMSE for the SAT. For the first year the hindcast skill is increased over almost all ocean regions in the NCEP-forced approach. This increase in the hindcast skill for the 1 year lead time is somewhat reduced in the GECCO approach. At lead time 5yr and 10yr, the skill enhancement is still found over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and North Pacific regions. We also consider the potential predictability of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and Nordic Seas Overflow by comparing the predicted values to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMetR..30..312X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMetR..30..312X"><span>Solar wind: A possible factor driving the interannual sea surface temperature tripolar mode over North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xiao, Ziniu; Li, Delin</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>The effect of solar wind (SW) on the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature (SST) in boreal winter is examined through an analysis of observational data during 1964-2013. The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs show a pronounced meridional tripolar pattern in response to solar wind speed (SWS) variations. This pattern is broadly similar to the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of interannual variations in the wintertime SSTs over North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The time series of this leading EOF mode of SST shows a significant interannual <span class="hlt">period</span>, which is the same as that of wintertime SWS. This response also appears as a compact north-south seesaw of sea level pressure and a vertical tripolar structure of zonal wind, which simultaneously resembles the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) in the overlying atmosphere. As compared with the typical low SWS winters, during the typical high SWS winters, the stratospheric polar night jet (PNJ) is evidently enhanced and extends from the stratosphere to the troposphere, even down to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean surface. Notably, the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is an exclusive region in which the SW signal spreads downward from the stratosphere to the troposphere. Thus, it seems that the SW is a possible factor for this North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST tripolar mode. The dynamical process of stratosphere-troposphere coupling, together with the global atmospheric electric circuit-cloud microphysical process, probably accounts for the particular downward propagation of the SW signal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24924600','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24924600"><span>Reconstruction of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Subtropical Dipole index for the past 12,000 years from surface temperature proxy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wainer, Ilana; Prado, Luciana Figueiredo; Khodri, Myriam; Otto-Bliesner, Bette</p> <p>2014-06-13</p> <p>Climate indices based on sea surface temperature (SST) can synthesize information related to physical processes that describe change and variability in continental precipitation from floods to droughts. The South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Subtropical Dipole index (SASD) is based on the distribution of SST in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and fits these criteria. It represents the dominant mode of variability of SST in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, which is modulated by changes in the position and intensity of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Subtropical High. Here we reconstructed an index of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean SST (SASD-like) for the past twelve thousand years (the Holocene <span class="hlt">period</span>) based on proxy-data. This has great scientific implications and important socio-economic ramifications because of its ability to infer variability of precipitation and moisture over South America where past climate data is limited. For the first time a reconstructed index based on proxy data on opposite sides of the SASD-like mode is able to capture, in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the significant cold events in the Northern Hemisphere at 12.9-11.6 kyr BP and 8.6-8.0 ky BP. These events are related, using a transient model simulation, to precipitation changes over South America.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29259040','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29259040"><span>Small <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ releases enable hour-long high-frequency contractions in midshipman swimbladder muscle.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nelson, Frank E; Hollingworth, Stephen; Marx, James O; Baylor, Stephen M; Rome, Lawrence C</p> <p>2018-01-02</p> <p>Type I males of the Pacific midshipman fish ( Porichthys notatus ) vibrate their swimbladder to generate mating calls, or "hums," that attract females to their nests. In contrast to the intermittent calls produced by male <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> toadfish ( Opsanus tau ), which occur with a duty cycle (calling time divided by total time) of only 3-8%, midshipman can call continuously for up to an hour. With 100% duty cycles and frequencies of 50-100 Hz (15°C), the superfast muscle fibers that surround the midshipman swimbladder may contract and relax as many as 360,000 times in 1 h. The energy for this activity is supported by a large volume of densely packed mitochondria that are found in the peripheral and central regions of the fiber. The remaining fiber cross section contains contractile filaments and a well-developed network of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and triadic junctions. Here, to understand quantitatively how <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ is managed by midshipman fibers during calling, we measure (a) the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ pumping-versus-p<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and force-versus-p<span class="hlt">Ca</span> relations in skinned fiber bundles and (b) changes in myoplasmic free [<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] (Δ[<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ]) during stimulated activity of individual fibers microinjected with the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ indicators Mag-fluo-4 and Fluo-4. As in toadfish, the force-p<span class="hlt">Ca</span> relation in midshipman is strongly right-shifted relative to the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ pumping-p<span class="hlt">Ca</span> relation, and contractile activity is controlled in a synchronous, not asynchronous, fashion during electrical stimulation. SR <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ release per action potential is, however, approximately eightfold smaller in midshipman than in toadfish. Midshipman fibers have a larger time-averaged free [<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] during activity than toadfish fibers, which permits faster <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ pumping because the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ pumps work closer to their maximum rate. Even with midshipman's sustained release and pumping of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ , however, the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ energy cost of calling (per kilogram wet weight) is less than twofold more in midshipman than in toadfish. © 2018 Nelson et al.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP11A1324D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP11A1324D"><span>Influence of Past Changes in Atmospheric CO2 on Boron/Calcium of Planktic Fossil Foraminifera</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Domeyko, R. A.; Allen, K. A.; deMenocal, P. B.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Culture experiments have revealed that B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> of shells grown by the foraminiferal species Globigerinoides ruber increase with increasing seawater pH. Specifically, B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> responds to changes in the relative abundance of pH-sensitive dissolved carbon and boron species (Allen et al. 2011, 2012). Here, we present a high-resolution study on fossilized G. ruber from two sites in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subtropical gyres (VM25-21 and ODP 1055B) through 20 ka BP to evaluate how B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> responds to past changes in atmospheric CO2. Forams were picked and crushed gently, then cleaned and dissolved using a variation of the Boyle and Keigwin (1985) and Barker et al. (2003) cleaning protocols prior to analysis. ODP 1055B (from Carolina Slope, West <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>) produced a high-resolution record with lower B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values during the glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> followed by a rapid shift to higher B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values in the early deglaciation, with values remaining high through the Holocene. These results were not predicted by culture calibrations, but they are consistent with B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from the Caribbean (ODP 999, Foster et al. 2008), suggesting this pattern is characteristic of surface waters in the greater North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4447295','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4447295"><span>Dual Annual Spawning Races in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Sturgeon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Balazik, Matthew T.; Musick, John A.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, Acipenseridae) populations in the United States were listed as either endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2012. Because of the endangered/threatened status, a better understanding of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon life-history behavior and habitat use is important for effective management. It has been widely documented that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon reproduction occurs from late winter to early summer, varying clinally with latitude. However, recent data show <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon also spawn later in the year. The group that spawns later in the year seems to be completely separate from the spring spawning run. Recognition of the later spawning season has drastically modified estimates of the population status of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon in Virginia. With the combination of new telemetry data and historical documentation we describe a dual spawning strategy that likely occurs in various degrees along most, if not all, of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon's range. Using new data combined with historical sources, a new spawning strategy emerges which managers and researchers should note when determining the status of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sturgeon populations and implementing conservation measures. PMID:26020631</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.438...95W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.438...95W"><span>Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>- Δ CO3porewater2- -temperature calibration for Globobulimina spp.: A sensitive paleothermometer for deep-sea temperature reconstruction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Weldeab, Syee; Arce, Adam; Kasten, Sabine</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Existing benthic foraminiferal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-temperature calibrations are surrounded by substantial uncertainties mainly due to low temperature sensitivity of Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in most benthic foraminifers and the effect of carbonate ion concentration on benthic foraminiferal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>. Here we present Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> analysis of Rose Bengal stained and exceptionally well-preserved tests of the infaunal benthic foraminifer Globobulimina spp. from 39 eastern equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> core top samples. Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in Globobulimina spp. varies between 2.5 mmol/mol and 9.1 mmol/mol corresponding to bottom water temperatures (BWT) between 1.8 °C and 19.1 °C and Δ CO3pore water2- between 33.7 ± 4 and - 34.3 ± 4 μmol /kg in sediment depths between 1 and 10 cm. Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and BWT are linearly correlated with a best fit of Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> [mmol/mol] = (0.36 ± 0.02) * BWT [°C] + 2.22 ± 0.19 (r2 = 0.92, p-value: 11 *10-20, and n = 39). Using total alkalinity and pH data of pore water samples from 64 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multi-corer sites, we obtained Δ CO3pore water2- data from the depth habitat range of Globobulimina spp. (≥1 cm ≤ 10 cm below sediment surface). We show that Δ CO3pore waterSUP>2- is significantly lower than and linearly co-varies with the ΔCO2-3 of the overlying bottom water: Δ CO3pore water2- = (0.67 ± 0.05) * Δ CO3bottom water2- - (39.84 ± 1.98); r2 = 0.75, p-value: 6 *10-20, n = 64. We found a Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> sensitivity of 0.009 ± 0.0044 mmol /mol per μmol/kg Δ CO3pore water2- and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> temperature sensitivity of 0.32 ± 0.06 mmol /mol / °C after a correction for the Δ CO3pore water2- effect. This study provides a robust Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-temperature calibration, highlights that Δ CO3pore water2- is spatially and most likely temporally variable, and contradicts the notion that infaunal foraminiferal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> is relatively immune from ΔCO2-3 changes in the overlying bottom water. Furthermore, comparison of down core Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data of Cibicides pachyderma and Globobulimina spp. demonstrates that the high temperature sensitivity of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-17/pdf/2010-20199.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-17/pdf/2010-20199.pdf"><span>75 FR 50715 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management Measures; Amendment 3</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-08-17</p> <p>... [Docket No. 080519678-0313-03] RIN 0648-AW65 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shark Management... for adjusting annual shark quotas based on over- and underharvests. This correction makes a change to...), instruction 12a revised 50 CFR 635.27 (b)(1)(i) through (v), relating to, among other things, pelagic shark...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT........80V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT........80V"><span>Convectively-coupled Kelvin waves over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and African regions and their influence on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclogenesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ventrice, Michael J.</p> <p></p> <p>High-amplitude convectively coupled atmospheric Kelvin waves (CCKWs) are explored over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the boreal summer. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclogenesis is found to be more frequent during the passage of the convectively active phase of the CCKW, and most frequent two days after its passage. CCKWs impact convection within the mean latitude of the inter-tropical convergence zone over the northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. In addition to convection, CCKWs also impact the large scale environment that favors <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclogenesis (i.e., deep vertical wind shear, moisture, and low-level relative vorticity). African easterly waves (AEWs) are known to be the main precursors for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones. Therefore, the relationship between CCKWs and AEW activity during boreal summer is explored. AEW activity is found to increase over the Guinea Highlands and Darfur Mountains during and after the passage of the convectively active phase of the CCKW. First, CCKWs increase the number of convective triggers for AEW genesis. Secondly, the associated zonal wind structure of the CCKW is found to affect the horizontal shear on the equatorward side of the African easterly jet (AEJ), such that the jet becomes more unstable during and after the passage of the convectively active phase of the CCKW. The more unstable AEJ is assumed to play a role with increased AEW growth. Through the increased number of AEWs propagating over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, as well as from the direct impact on convection and the large-scale environment over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, CCKWs are recommended to be used as a means for medium-range predictability of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones. In addition to modulating tropical cyclone activity over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, CCKWs might impact the intensification processes of tropical cyclones. A case study highlighting two August 2010 tropical cyclones (Danielle and Earl) is explored for potential CCKW-tropical cyclone interactions. While predicted to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP43F..03T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP43F..03T"><span>Centennial-scale links between <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean dynamics and hydroclimate over the last 4400 years: Insights from the northern Gulf of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thirumalai, K.; Quinn, T. M.; Okumura, Y.; Richey, J. N.; Partin, J. W.; Poore, R. Z.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Surface circulation in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is an important mediator of global climate and yet its variability is poorly constrained on centennial timescales. Changes in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) have been implicated in late Holocene climate variability in the Western Hemisphere, although the relationship between AMOC variability and hydroclimate is uncertain due to the lack of sufficiently highly resolved proxy records. Here we present a replicated reconstruction of sea-surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) from the Garrison Basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) spanning the last 4,400 years to better constrain past sea-surface conditions. We generated time series of paired Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> (SST proxy) and δ18O (SST and SSS proxy) variations in planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (white variety) from three multi-cores collected in 2010. Using a Monte Carlo-based technique we produce a stacked record from the three multi-cores and constrain analytical, calibration, chronological, and sampling uncertainties. We apply this technique to existing paired Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>- δ18O studies in the Gulf of Mexico and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean to facilitate comparison between time-uncertain proxy reconstructions. The Garrison Basin stack exhibits large centennial-scale variability (σSST~0.6°C; δ18Osw~0.17‰) and indicates a substantially cool (0.9±0.5°C) and fresh (0.26±0.1‰) Little Ice Age (LIA; 1450-1850 A.D.), corroborating extant records from the Gulf of Mexico. Focusing on the last millennium, we analyze a suite of oceanic and terrestrial proxy records to demonstrate a centennial-scale link between salt advection in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, a diagnostic parameter of ocean circulation, and hydroclimate in the adjacent continents. The ensuing multiproxy relationships seem to be consistent with spatial field correlations of limited salinity and rainfall instrumental/reanalysis data, which suggest that NGOM salinity varies with large-scale <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005GeoRL..3210604M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005GeoRL..3210604M"><span>Thermohaline circulation at three key sections in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> over 1985-2002</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marsh, Robert; de Cuevas, Beverly A.; Coward, Andrew C.; Bryden, Harry L.; Álvarez, Marta</p> <p>2005-05-01</p> <p>Efforts are presently underway to monitor the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. A measuring strategy has been designed to monitor both the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) in the subtropics and dense outflows at higher latitudes. To provide a historical context for these new observations, we diagnose an eddy-permitting ocean model simulation of the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1985-2002. We present time series of the THC, MOC and heat transport, at key hydrographic sections in the subtropics, the northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the Labrador Sea. The simulated THC compares well with observations. We find considerable variability in the THC on each section, most strikingly in the Labrador Sea during the early 1990's, consistent with observed changes. Overturning in the northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> declines by ~20% over the 1990's, coincident with an increase in the subtropics. We speculate that MOC weakening may soon be detected in the subtropics, if the decline continues in mid-latitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFMOS14A..04S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFMOS14A..04S"><span>Tracing Tethyan Phosphogenesis From Temporal Variations of 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span>/42<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and 143Nd/144Nd Isotope Ratios in Francolites and P Accumulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soudry, D.; Glenn, C.; Nathan, Y.; Segal, I.; Vonderhaar, D.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Measurements of 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span>/42<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and 143Nd/144 isotope ratios in carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) through the Cretaceous-Eocene of the Negev (Israel) and of other sites in the Tethys margins, together with quantified rates of P and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> accumulation and bulk sedimentation, allow us to understand variations of Tethyan phosphogenesis in time and space. The data provide a ˜ 90 m.y. (Hauterivian-Eocene) record of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Nd isotopic composition in 72 CFA samples representing 25 time-stratigraphic phosphate levels. Similar temporal changes are displayed by δ 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and ɛ NdT. δ 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> is much lighter in the Hauterivian-Albian (δ 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> = - 0. 19 to - 0.06 ‰ ; n = 9) than in the Campanian-Eocene (δ 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> = + 0.29 to + 0.40 ‰ ; n = 41), whereas ɛ NdT increases from continental crust-like values in the Hauterivian-Albian (ɛ NdT = -12.8 to - 10.9; n = 8) to more radiogenic Pacific-like values (ɛ NdT = - 7.5 to - 6.2; n = 27) in the Campanian. Both δ 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and ɛ NdT peaks in the Campanian coincide with the peak of Tethyan phosphogenesis in the Negev, marked by a sharp rise in P accumulation rates (from < 200 μ mole.cm-2 kyr-1 in pre-Campanian times to ˜ 1700 < 200 μ mole.cm-2 kyr-1 in the Campanian) and by a decrease in the rates of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> accumulation and bulk sedimentation. The coincident increases of δ 44<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, ɛ NdT, and P accumulation in the Negev during the Campanian is interpreted as the combined effect of the Late Cretaceous global sea level rise, the development of a long-transit, westward-flowing circumglobal Tethyan current enhanced by widening of the Caribbean threshold at those times, and a favorable paleolatitude (8° -15° ) of the south Tethys shelf in the path of easterly winds. Extensive flooding of continental platforms, induced by the Late Cretaceous global sea level rise, probably reduced the influx of riverine <span class="hlt">Ca</span> to oceans and increased carbonate deposition on shelves both causing seawater enrichment with heavy <span class="hlt">Ca</span>. Similarly, intensification of ocean</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193539','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193539"><span>Retrospective analysis of seasonal ocean growth rates of two sea winter <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Salmon in eastern Maine using historic scales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Izzo, Lisa K.; Zydlewski, Joseph D.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Substantial declines of anadromous <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Salmon Salmo salar have occurred throughout its range, with many populations at the southern extent of the distribution currently extirpated or endangered. While both one sea winter (1SW) and two sea winter (2SW) spawner numbers for the North American stocks have declined since the 1950s, the decline has been most severe in 2SW spawners. The first months at sea are considered a <span class="hlt">period</span> of high mortality. However, early ocean mortality alone cannot explain the more pronounced decline of 2SW spawners, suggesting that the second year at sea may be more critical than previously thought. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Salmon scales collected by anglers and the state agency from 1946 to 2013 from five rivers in eastern Maine were used to estimate smolt age and ocean age of returning adults. Additionally, seasonal growth rates of maiden 2SW spawners were estimated using intercirculi measurements and linear back-calculation methods. Generalized linear mixed models (Gaussian family, log link function) were used to investigate the influence of average sea surface temperature, accumulated thermal units, the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation indices, smolt age, smolt length, postsmolt growth, and river of origin on growth rate during the oceanic migration of North American <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Salmon. Results suggest that different factors influence salmon growth throughout their oceanic migration, and previous growth can be a strong predictor of future size. Growth was negatively impacted by the phase of the AMO, which has been linked to salmon abundance trends, in early spring following the postsmolt <span class="hlt">period</span>. This is likely when the 1SW and 2SW stock components separate, and our results suggest that this <span class="hlt">period</span> may be of interest in future work examining the disproportionate decline in 2SW spawners.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4450405','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4450405"><span>Hydrological change in Southern Europe responding to increasing North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning during Greenland Stadial 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bartolomé, Miguel; Moreno, Ana; Sancho, Carlos; Stoll, Heather M.; Cacho, Isabel; Spötl, Christoph; Belmonte, Ánchel; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Cheng, Hai; Hellstrom, John C.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Greenland Stadial 1 (GS-1) was the last of a long series of severe cooling episodes in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Numerous North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and European records reveal the intense environmental impact of that stadial, whose origin is attributed to an intense weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to freshening of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Recent high-resolution studies of European lakes revealed a mid–GS-1 transition in the climatic regimes. The geographical extension of such atmospheric changes and their potential coupling with ocean dynamics still remains unclear. Here we use a subdecadally resolved stalagmite record from the Northern Iberian Peninsula to further investigate the timing and forcing of this transition. A solid interpretation of the environmental changes detected in this new, accurately dated, stalagmite record is based on a parallel cave monitoring exercise. This record reveals a gradual transition from dry to wet conditions starting at 12,500 y before 2000 A.D. in parallel to a progressive warming of the subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. The observed atmospheric changes are proposed to be led by a progressive resumption of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> convection and highlight the complex regional signature of GS-1, very distinctive from previous stadial events. PMID:25964366</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964366','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964366"><span>Hydrological change in Southern Europe responding to increasing North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning during Greenland Stadial 1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bartolomé, Miguel; Moreno, Ana; Sancho, Carlos; Stoll, Heather M; Cacho, Isabel; Spötl, Christoph; Belmonte, Ánchel; Edwards, R Lawrence; Cheng, Hai; Hellstrom, John C</p> <p>2015-05-26</p> <p>Greenland Stadial 1 (GS-1) was the last of a long series of severe cooling episodes in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Numerous North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and European records reveal the intense environmental impact of that stadial, whose origin is attributed to an intense weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to freshening of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Recent high-resolution studies of European lakes revealed a mid-GS-1 transition in the climatic regimes. The geographical extension of such atmospheric changes and their potential coupling with ocean dynamics still remains unclear. Here we use a subdecadally resolved stalagmite record from the Northern Iberian Peninsula to further investigate the timing and forcing of this transition. A solid interpretation of the environmental changes detected in this new, accurately dated, stalagmite record is based on a parallel cave monitoring exercise. This record reveals a gradual transition from dry to wet conditions starting at 12,500 y before 2000 A.D. in parallel to a progressive warming of the subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. The observed atmospheric changes are proposed to be led by a progressive resumption of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> convection and highlight the complex regional signature of GS-1, very distinctive from previous stadial events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4735626','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4735626"><span>European land CO2 sink influenced by NAO and East-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Pattern coupling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bastos, Ana; Janssens, Ivan A.; Gouveia, Célia M.; Trigo, Ricardo M.; Ciais, Philippe; Chevallier, Frédéric; Peñuelas, Josep; Rödenbeck, Christian; Piao, Shilong; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Running, Steven W.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Large-scale climate patterns control variability in the global carbon sink. In Europe, the North-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) influences vegetation activity, however the East-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (EA) pattern is known to modulate NAO strength and location. Using observation-driven and modelled data sets, we show that multi-annual variability patterns of European Net Biome Productivity (NBP) are linked to anomalies in heat and water transport controlled by the NAO–EA interplay. Enhanced NBP occurs when NAO and EA are both in negative phase, associated with cool summers with wet soils which enhance photosynthesis. During anti-phase <span class="hlt">periods</span>, NBP is reduced through distinct impacts of climate anomalies in photosynthesis and respiration. The predominance of anti-phase years in the early 2000s may explain the European-wide reduction of carbon uptake during this <span class="hlt">period</span>, reported in previous studies. Results show that improving the capability of simulating atmospheric circulation patterns may better constrain regional carbon sink variability in coupled carbon-climate models. PMID:26777730</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26777730','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26777730"><span>European land CO2 sink influenced by NAO and East-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Pattern coupling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bastos, Ana; Janssens, Ivan A; Gouveia, Célia M; Trigo, Ricardo M; Ciais, Philippe; Chevallier, Frédéric; Peñuelas, Josep; Rödenbeck, Christian; Piao, Shilong; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Running, Steven W</p> <p>2016-01-18</p> <p>Large-scale climate patterns control variability in the global carbon sink. In Europe, the North-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) influences vegetation activity, however the East-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (EA) pattern is known to modulate NAO strength and location. Using observation-driven and modelled data sets, we show that multi-annual variability patterns of European Net Biome Productivity (NBP) are linked to anomalies in heat and water transport controlled by the NAO-EA interplay. Enhanced NBP occurs when NAO and EA are both in negative phase, associated with cool summers with wet soils which enhance photosynthesis. During anti-phase <span class="hlt">periods</span>, NBP is reduced through distinct impacts of climate anomalies in photosynthesis and respiration. The predominance of anti-phase years in the early 2000s may explain the European-wide reduction of carbon uptake during this <span class="hlt">period</span>, reported in previous studies. Results show that improving the capability of simulating atmospheric circulation patterns may better constrain regional carbon sink variability in coupled carbon-climate models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.6541B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.6541B"><span>Volcanic forcing of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation over the last 2,000 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Breitenbach, Sebastian F. M.; Ridley, Harriet E.; Lechleitner, Franziska A.; Asmerom, Yemane; Rehfeld, Kira; Prufer, Keith M.; Kennett, Douglas J.; Aquino, Valorie V.; Polyak, Victor; Goswami, Bedartha; Marwan, Norbert; Haug, Gerald H.; Baldini, James U. L.</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) is a principal mode of atmospheric circulation in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> realm (Hurrell et al. 2003) and influences rainfall distribution over Europe, North Africa and North America. Although observational data inform us on multi-annual variability of the NAO, long and detailed paleoclimate datasets are required to understand the mechanisms and full range of its variability and the spatial extent of its influence. Chronologies of available proxy-based NAO reconstructions are often interdependent and cover only the last ~1,100 years, while longer records are characterized by low sampling resolution and chronological constraints. This complicates the reconstruction of regional responses to NAO changes. We present data from a 2,000 year long sub-annual carbon isotope record from speleothem YOK-I from Yok Balum Cave, Belize, Central America. YOK-I has been extensively dated using U-series (Kennett et al. 2012). Monitoring shows that stalagmite δ13C in Yok Balum cave is governed by infiltration changes associated with tropical wet season rainfall. Higher (lower) δ13C values reflect drier (wetter) conditions related to Intertropical Convergence Zone position and trade winds intensity. Comparison with NAO reconstructions (Proctor et al. 2000, Trouet et al. 2009, Wassenburg et al. 2013) reveals that YOK-I δ13C sensitively records NAO-related rainfall dynamics over Belize. The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) of δ13C extends NAO reconstructions to the last 2,000 years and indicates that high latitude volcanic aerosols force negative NAO phases. We infer that volcanic aerosols modify inter-hemispheric temperature contrasts at multi-annual scale, resulting in meridional relocation of the ITCZ and the Bermuda-Azores High, altering NAO and tropical rainfall patterns. Decade-long dry <span class="hlt">periods</span> in the 11th and the late 18th century relate to major high northern latitude eruptions and exemplify the climatic response to volcanic forcing by</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP31B2277K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP31B2277K"><span>Reconstruction of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> end-member of the thermohaline circulation across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, J.; Seguí, M. J.; Yehudai, M.; Goldstein, S. L.; Pena, L. D.; Raymo, M. E.; Ford, H. L.; Haynes, L.; Farmer, J. R.; Hoenisch, B.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The dominant <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> of glacial and interglacial cycles shifted from 41 ky to 100 ky at 1.2-0.8 Ma, marking the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Pena and Goldstein (Science, 2014) investigated changes in the Earth's global thermohaline circulation (THC), focusing on South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cores, and concluded that the THC experienced major disruptions between 950-850 ka (MIS 25 to 21), which generated the climatic conditions that intensified cold <span class="hlt">periods</span>, prolonged their duration, and stabilized 100 ky cycles. However, knowledge of the coeval North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is key for interpreting data from the Middle and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. We report Nd isotope ratios on Fe-Mn oxide encrusted foraminifera and fish debris from DSDP Site 607 (41.001N; 32.957W, 3427m) between 1.2-0.4 Ma, as a representative of the deep North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Pre-MPT results (MIS 35-25) show interglacial ɛNd-values of -13.5 to -14.0, similar to today, and glacial-interglacial variability of 1 ɛNd-unit. Post-MPT results after MIS 19 also show interglacial ɛNd-values of -13.5 to -14.0, but greater glacial-interglacial variability of 2 ɛNd-units. Interglacial-to-glacial transitions throughout the core shift to higher ɛNd-values indicative of weakening THC, except for MIS 26, which is uniquely more negative than the neighboring interglacials, with ɛNd reaching -14.5. During the critical MPT interval of MIS 25-21 recognized by Pena and Goldstein (2014), and continuing beyond it through MIS 19, DSDP 607 ɛNd shows higher values of -11.5 to -12.5, like post-MPT glacials. Thus for the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, from the point of view of ɛNd in DSDP 607, post-MPT and pre-MPT interglacials are similar, and post-MPT glacials and MPT glacials are similar. Moreover, comparison to the Pena and Goldstein (2014) South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> data indicates that disruptions to North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning may have begun as early as MIS 27, and the recovery to the pre-MPT interglacial conditions may have been delayed beyond MIS 19.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol9-sec224-105.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol9-sec224-105.pdf"><span>50 CFR 224.105 - Speed restrictions to protect North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Right Whales.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Speed restrictions to protect North... AND ANADROMOUS SPECIES § 224.105 Speed restrictions to protect North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Right Whales. (a) The..., GA): Vessels shall travel at a speed of 10 knots or less over ground during the <span class="hlt">period</span> of November 15...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol7/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol7-sec224-105.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol7/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol7-sec224-105.pdf"><span>50 CFR 224.105 - Speed restrictions to protect North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Right Whales.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Speed restrictions to protect North... AND ANADROMOUS SPECIES § 224.105 Speed restrictions to protect North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Right Whales. (a) The..., GA): Vessels shall travel at a speed of 10 knots or less over ground during the <span class="hlt">period</span> of November 15...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22012195-nanoscale-modulations-kla-caw-sub-nala-caw-sub','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22012195-nanoscale-modulations-kla-caw-sub-nala-caw-sub"><span>Nanoscale modulations in (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} and (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Licurse, Mark W., E-mail: mlicurse@seas.upenn.edu; Borisevich, Albina Y., E-mail: albinab@ornl.gov; Davies, Peter K., E-mail: davies@seas.upenn.edu</p> <p>2012-07-15</p> <p>Complex nanoscale modulations are identified in two new A-site ordered perovskites, (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} and (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}. In (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show an incommensurate nanocheckerboard modulation with {approx}9.4 Multiplication-Sign 9.4a{sub p} <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> (a{sub p} Almost-Equal-To 4 A for the cubic perovskite aristotype). For (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} a one-dimensional modulation is observed with a {approx}16(1 1 0)a{sub p} repeat; the Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket 1 1 0 Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket orientation of the nanostripes is different from the Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket 1 0 0 Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket stripes observed in other mixed A-site systems. Studies using high temperature x-ray diffraction suggest the formationmore » of the complex modulations is associated with small deviations from the ideal 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry of the (A{sup +}La{sup 3+})(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} phases. Z-contrast images acquired on an aberration-corrected microscope provide evidence for deviations from stoichiometry with a {approx}1:15 <span class="hlt">periodic</span> arrangement of La{sub 4/3}(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}:(NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} nano-phases. - Graphical abstract: Complex nanoscale modulations are identified in two new A-site ordered perovskites, (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} and (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}. In (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}, selected-area electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show a two-dimensional, nanocheckerboard modulation. For (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} a one-dimensional modulation is observed; the Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket 1 1 0 Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket orientation of the nanostripes is different from the Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket 1 0 0 Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket stripes observed in other mixed A-site systems. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Two new A-site ordered perovskites were synthesized, (KLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6} and (NaLa)(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>W)O{sub 6}. Black</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29895868','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29895868"><span>Holocene forest dynamics in central and western Mediterranean: <span class="hlt">periodicity</span>, spatio-temporal patterns and climate influence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Di Rita, Federico; Fletcher, William J; Aranbarri, Josu; Margaritelli, Giulia; Lirer, Fabrizio; Magri, Donatella</p> <p>2018-06-12</p> <p>It is well-known that the Holocene exhibits a millennial-scale climate variability. However, its <span class="hlt">periodicity</span>, spatio-temporal patterns and underlying processes are not fully deciphered yet. Here we focus on the central and western Mediterranean. We show that recurrent forest declines from the Gulf of Gaeta (central Tyrrhenian Sea) reveal a 1860-yr <span class="hlt">periodicity</span>, consistent with a <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1800-yr climate fluctuation induced by large-scale changes in climate modes, linked to solar activity and/or AMOC intensity. We show that recurrent forest declines and dry events are also recorded in several pollen and palaeohydrological proxy-records in the south-central Mediterranean. We found coeval events also in several palaeohydrological records from the south-western Mediterranean, which however show generally wet climate conditions, indicating a spatio-temporal hydrological pattern opposite to the south-central Mediterranean and suggesting that different expressions of climate modes occurred in the two regions at the same time. We propose that these opposite hydroclimate regimes point to a complex interplay of the prevailing or predominant phases of NAO-like circulation, East <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> pattern, and extension and location of the North African anticyclone. At a larger geographical scale, displacements of the ITCZ, modulated by solar activity and/or AMOC intensity, may have also indirectly influenced the observed pattern.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52E..05L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52E..05L"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation Influence on North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Sector Surface Air Temperature and its Predictability in the Kiel Climate Model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Latif, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We investigate the influence of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) on the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector surface air temperature (SAT) in two multi-millennial control integrations of the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). One model version employs a freshwater flux correction over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, while the other does not. A clear influence of the AMOC on North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector SAT only is simulated in the corrected model that depicts much reduced upper ocean salinity and temperature biases in comparison to the uncorrected model. Further, the model with much reduced biases depicts significantly enhanced multiyear SAT predictability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector relative to the uncorrected model. The enhanced SAT predictability in the corrected model is due to a stronger and more variable AMOC and its enhanced influence on North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature (SST). Results obtained from preindustrial control integrations of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) support the findings obtained from the KCM: models with large North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> biases tend to have a weak AMOC influence on SST and exhibit a smaller SAT predictability over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP51D2330W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP51D2330W"><span>Development of Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-d18O Temperature Calibrations of a Siderastrea siderea Coral from the Gulf of Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wagner, A. J.; DeLong, K. L.; Kilbourne, H.; Slowey, N. C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is sensitive to oceanic and atmospheric variability in both the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific Oceans (i.e., <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific North American pattern (PNA), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)). The major GOM current, the Loop Current, feeds the Gulf Stream as it transports oceanic heat to the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. The northern GOM is the northernmost summer extent of the western hemisphere warm pool (WHWP) that drives oceanic moisture flux and precipitation into the Americas. Decadally-resolved foraminifera reconstructions from the northern GOM indicates SST was 2 to 4ºC colder on average than today during the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1850), whereas a subannually-resolved coral reconstruction from the southeastern GOM find 1.5 to 2ºC colder intervals and reduced areal extent of the WHWP on interannual time scales during some intervals of the LIA. However, records capable of resolving annual and subannual SST variability from the northern GOM, necessary for investigating WHWP northern extent, are still lacking. Here we present a new temperature reconstruction for the northern GOM derived from strontium-to-calcium (Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) ratios of approximately monthly samples milled from a Siderastrea siderea coral core collected from the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS; 27° 52.5'N, 93° 49'W) growing at a water depth of 20 m. Coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18O is calibrated to reef temperature data from FGBNMS Hobotemp data loggers near the reef cap in 22 m water depth (1986-2004) and to NOAA OISST (1981-2004). Coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> co-varies with the reef temperature (r=0.95, p<0.05, n=146) and consistently captures winter values in reef temperature with slightly warmer summers (0.9ºC on average). Pseudocoral analysis is used to assess the relationships between SST and SSS in coral δ18O.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...621728V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...621728V"><span>The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>van Hengstum, Peter J.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Fall, Patricia L.; Toomey, Michael R.; Albury, Nancy A.; Kakuk, Brian</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Most <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9°N to 20°N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a <span class="hlt">period</span> of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin to an active hurricane interval.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26906670','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26906670"><span>The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Hengstum, Peter J; Donnelly, Jeffrey P; Fall, Patricia L; Toomey, Michael R; Albury, Nancy A; Kakuk, Brian</p> <p>2016-02-24</p> <p>Most <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9°N to 20°N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a <span class="hlt">period</span> of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin to an active hurricane interval.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188437','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188437"><span>The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>van Hengstrum, Peter J.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Fall, Patricia L.; Toomey, Michael; Albury, Nancy A.; Kakuk, Brian</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Most <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9°N to 20°N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a <span class="hlt">period</span> of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin to an active hurricane interval.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JPSJ...70..911W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JPSJ...70..911W"><span><span class="hlt">Periodic</span> Colony Formation by Bacterial Species Bacillus subtilis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wakita, Jun-ichi; Shimada, Hirotoshi; Itoh, Hiroto; Matsuyama, Tohey; Matsushita, Mitsugu</p> <p>2001-03-01</p> <p>We have investigated the <span class="hlt">periodic</span> colony growth of bacterial species Bacillus subtilis. A colony grows cyclically with the interface repeating an advance (migration phase) and a rest (consolidation phase) alternately on a surface of semi-solid agar plate under appropriate environmental conditions, resulting in a concentric ring-like colony. It was found from macroscopic observations that the characteristic quantities for the <span class="hlt">periodic</span> growth such as the migration time, the consolidation time and the terrace spacing do not depend so much on nutrient concentration Cn, but do on agar concentration <span class="hlt">Ca</span>. The consolidation time was a weakly increasing function of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>, while the migration time and the terrace spacing were, respectively, weakly and strongly decreasing function of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>. Overall, the cycle (migration-plus-consolidation) time seems to be constant, and does not depend so much on both Cn and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>. Microscopically, bacterial cells inside the growing front of a colony keep increasing their population during both migration and consolidation phases. It was also confirmed that their secreting surfactant called surfactin does not affect their <span class="hlt">periodic</span> growth qualitatively, i.e., mutant cells which cannot secrete surfactin produce a concentric ring-like colony. All these results suggest that the diffusion of the nutrient and the surfactin are irrelevant to their <span class="hlt">periodic</span> growth.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036538','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036538"><span>Habitat selection and overlap of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon and smallmouth bass juveniles in nursery streams</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Wathen, G.; Coghlan, S.M.; Zydlewski, Joseph D.; Trial, J.G.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Introduced smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu have invaded much of the historic freshwater habitat of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon Salmo salar in North America, yet little is known about the ecological interactions between the two species. We investigated the possibility of competition for habitat between age-0 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon and age-0 and age-1 smallmouth bass by means of in situ observations and a mesocosm experiment. We used snorkel observation to identify the degree and timing of overlap in habitat use in our in situ observations and to describe habitat shifts by <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon in the presence of smallmouth bass in our mesocosm experiments. In late July 2008, we observed substantial overlap in the depths and mean water column velocities used by both species in sympatric in situ conditions and an apparent shift by age-0 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon to shallower water that coincided with the <span class="hlt">period</span> of high overlap. In the mesocosm experiments, we detected no overlap or habitat shifts by age-0 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon in the presence age-1 smallmouth bass and low overlap and no habitat shifts of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon and age-0 smallmouth bass in fall 2009. In 2009, summer floods with sustained high flows and low temperatures resulted in the nearly complete reproductive failure of the smallmouth bass in our study streams, and we did not observe a midsummer habitat shift by <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon similar to that seen in 2008. Although this prevented us from replicating our 2008 experiments under similar conditions, the virtual year-class failure of smallmouth bass itself is enlightening. We suggest that future studies incorporate the effects of varying temperature and discharge to determine how abiotic factors affect the interactions between these species and thus mediate the outcomes of potential competition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990006015','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990006015"><span>Decadal Air-Sea Interaction in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Based on Observations and Modeling Results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hakkinen, Sirpa</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>The decadal, 12-14 year, cycle observed in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST and tide gauge data was examined using the NCEP/NCAR reanalyses, COADS data and an ocean model simulation. Besides this decadal mode, a shorter, subdecadal <span class="hlt">period</span> of about 8 years exists in tide gauge data north of 40N, in the subpolar SST and in the winter North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) index and in subpolar winter heat flux values. The decadal cycle is a well separated mode in a singular spectrum analysis (SSA) for a time series of SST EOF mode 1 with a center over the Gulf Stream extension. Tide gauge and SST data are consistent in that both show a significant subdecadal <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> exclusively in the subpolar gyre, but in subtropics the 12-14 year <span class="hlt">period</span> is the prominent, but nonstationary, decadal signal. The main finding of this study is that this 12-14 year cycle can be constructed based on the leading mode of the surface heat flux. This connection to the surface heat flux implicates the participation of the thermohaline circulation in the decadal cycle. During the cycle starting from the positive index phase of NAO, SST and oceanic heat content anomalies are created in subtropics due to local heat flux and intensification of the thermohaline circulation. The anomalies advect to the subpolar gyre where they are amplified by local heat flux and are part of the negative feedback of thermohaline circulation on itself. Consequently the oceanic thermohaline circulation slows down and the opposite cycle starts. The oscillatory nature would not be possible without the active atmospheric participation in the cycle, because it provides the unstable interaction through heat flux, without it, the oceanic mode would be damped. This analysis suggests that the two principal modes of heat flux variability, corresponding to patterns similar to North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) and Western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (WA), are part of the same decadal cycle and an indirect measure of the north-south movement of the storm tracks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23937893','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23937893"><span>Residency, site fidelity and habitat use of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod (Gadus morhua) at an offshore wind farm using acoustic telemetry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reubens, Jan T; Pasotti, Francesca; Degraer, Steven; Vincx, Magda</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>Because offshore wind energy development is fast growing in Europe it is important to investigate the changes in the marine environment and how these may influence local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. One of the species affected by these ecosystem changes is <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod (Gadus morhua), a heavily exploited, commercially important fish species. In this research we investigated the residency, site fidelity and habitat use of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod on a temporal scale at windmill artificial reefs in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Acoustic telemetry was used and the Vemco VR2W position system was deployed to quantify the movement behaviour. In total, 22 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod were tagged and monitored for up to one year. Many fish were present near the artificial reefs during summer and autumn, and demonstrated strong residency and high individual detection rates. When present within the study area, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cod also showed distinct habitat selectivity. We identified aggregation near the artificial hard substrates of the wind turbines. In addition, a clear seasonal pattern in presence was observed. The high number of fish present in summer and autumn alternated with a <span class="hlt">period</span> of very low densities during the winter <span class="hlt">period</span>. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA181578','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA181578"><span>Species Profiles. Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, South Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Southwest and Pacific Northwest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>COASTAL FISHES AND INVERTEBRATES FWS/OBS-82111 Ln jJL*-TR EL-82-4 NORTH ATLANTC MID-<span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> SOUTH <span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> SOUTrH FwRIDA GULF OF MEXICO PACIFIC...REQUIREMENTS OF COASTAL FISHES AND INVERTEBRATES (NORTH <span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span>) Managed by National Coastal Ecosystems Team Division of Biological Services Fish and...environmental requirements of selected coastal fishes and invertebrates of commercial, rec- reational, or ecological significance. They were prepared</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ClDy...15..451F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ClDy...15..451F"><span>Coupled ocean-atmosphere surface variability and its climate impacts in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fontaine, B.; Janicot, Serge; Roucou, P.</p> <p></p> <p>This study examines time evolution and statistical relationships involving the two leading ocean-atmosphere coupled modes of variability in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and some climate anomalies over the tropical 120°W-60°W region using selected historical files (75-y near global SSTs and precipitation over land), more recent observed data (30-y SST and pseudo wind stress in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>) and reanalyses from the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis System on the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1968-1997: surface air temperature, sea level pressure, moist static energy content at 850 hPa, precipitable water and precipitation. The first coupled mode detected through singular value decomposition of the SST and pseudo wind-stress data over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (30°N-20°S) expresses a modulation in the thermal transequatorial gradient of SST anomalies conducted by one month leading wind-stress anomalies mainly in the tropical north <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during northern winter and fall. It features a slight dipole structure in the meridional plane. Its time variability is dominated by a quasi-decadal signal well observed in the last 20-30 ys and, when projected over longer-term SST data, in the 1920s and 1930s but with shorter <span class="hlt">periods</span>. The second coupled mode is more confined to the south-equatorial tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in the northern summer and explains considerably less wind-stress/SST cross-covariance. Its time series features an interannual variability dominated by shorter frequencies with increased variance in the 1960s and 1970s before 1977. Correlations between these modes and the ENSO-like Nino3 index lead to decreasing amplitude of thermal anomalies in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during warm episodes in the Pacific. This could explain the nonstationarity of meridional anomaly gradients on seasonal and interannual time scales. Overall the relationships between the oceanic component of the coupled modes and the climate anomaly patterns denote thermodynamical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76556&keyword=journal+AND+scientific+AND+report&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76556&keyword=journal+AND+scientific+AND+report&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE U.S. MID-<span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> ESTUARIES: THE MID-<span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT (MAIA)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Integrated Assessment (MAIA-Estuaries) evaluated ecological conditions in US Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> estuaries during the summers of 1997 and 1998. Over 800 probability-based stations were monitored in four main estuarine systems?Chesapeake Bay, the Delaware Estuary, Maryla...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP43A1333R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP43A1333R"><span>Quantifying uncertainty in coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based SST estimates from Orbicella faveolata: A basis for multi-colony SST reconstructions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Richey, J. N.; Flannery, J. A.; Toth, L. T.; Kuffner, I. B.; Poore, R. Z.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in massive corals can be used as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) in shallow tropical to sub-tropical regions; however, the relationship between Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and SST varies throughout the ocean, between different species of coral, and often between different colonies of the same species. We aimed to quantify the uncertainty associated with the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST proxy due to sample handling (e.g., micro-drilling or analytical error), vital effects (e.g., among-colony differences in coral growth), and local-scale variability in microhabitat. We examine the intra- and inter-colony reproducibility of Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records extracted from five modern Orbicella faveolata colonies growing in the Dry Tortugas, Florida, USA. The average intra-colony absolute difference (AD) in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> of the five colonies during an overlapping interval (1997-2008) was 0.055 ± 0.044 mmol mol-1 (0.96 ºC) and the average inter-colony Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> AD was 0.039 ± 0.01 mmol mol-1 (0.51 ºC). All available Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-SST data pairs from 1997-2008 were combined and regressed against the HadISST1 gridded SST data set (24 ºN and 82 ºW) to produce a calibration equation that could be applied to O. faveolata specimens from throughout the Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean/<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region after accounting for the potential uncertainties in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-derived SSTs. We quantified a combined error term for O. faveolata using the root-sum-square (RMS) of the analytical, intra-, and inter-colony uncertainties and suggest that an overall uncertainty of 0.046 mmol mol-1 (0.81 ºC, 1σ), should be used to interpret Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from O. faveolata specimens of unknown age or origin to reconstruct SST. We also explored how uncertainty is affected by the number of corals used in a reconstruction by iteratively calculating the RMS error for composite coral time-series using two, three, four, and five overlapping coral colonies. Our results indicate that maximum RMS error at the 95% confidence interval on mean annual SST estimates is 1.4 º</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29727927','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29727927"><span>Modelling climate change effects on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon: Implications for mitigation in regulated rivers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sundt-Hansen, L E; Hedger, R D; Ugedal, O; Diserud, O H; Finstad, A G; Sauterleute, J F; Tøfte, L; Alfredsen, K; Forseth, T</p> <p>2018-08-01</p> <p>Climate change is expected to alter future temperature and discharge regimes of rivers. These regimes have a strong influence on the life history of most aquatic river species, and are key variables controlling the growth and survival of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon. This study explores how the future abundance of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon may be influenced by climate-induced changes in water temperature and discharge in a regulated river, and investigates how negative impacts in the future can be mitigated by applying different regulated discharge regimes during critical <span class="hlt">periods</span> for salmon survival. A spatially explicit individual-based model was used to predict juvenile <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon population abundance in a regulated river under a range of future water temperature and discharge scenarios (derived from climate data predicted by the Hadley Centre's Global Climate Model (GCM) HadAm3H and the Max Plank Institute's GCM ECHAM4), which were then compared with populations predicted under control scenarios representing past conditions. Parr abundance decreased in all future scenarios compared to the control scenarios due to reduced wetted areas (with the effect depending on climate scenario, GCM, and GCM spatial domain). To examine the potential for mitigation of climate change-induced reductions in wetted area, simulations were run with specific minimum discharge regimes. An increase in abundance of both parr and smolt occurred with an increase in the limit of minimum permitted discharge for three of the four GCM/GCM spatial domains examined. This study shows that, in regulated rivers with upstream storage capacity, negative effects of climate change on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon populations can potentially be mitigated by release of water from reservoirs during critical <span class="hlt">periods</span> for juvenile salmon. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7217U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7217U"><span>Links between North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> atmospheric blocking and recent trends in European winter precipitation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ummenhofer, Caroline; Seo, Hyodae; Kwon, Young-Oh; Joyce, Terrence</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>European precipitation has sustained robust trends during wintertime (January - March) over recent decades. Central, western, and northern Europe have become wetter by an average 0.1-0.3% per annum for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1901-2010, while southern Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula, much of Italy and the Balkan States, has sustained drying of -0.2% per annum or more over the same <span class="hlt">period</span>. The overall pattern is consistent across different observational precipitation products, while the magnitude of the precipitation trends varies amongst data sets. Using cluster analysis, which identifies recurrent states (or regimes) of European winter precipitation by grouping them according to an objective similarity criterion, changes in the frequency of dominant winter precipitation patterns over the past century are evaluated. Considerable multi-decadal variability exists in the frequency of dominant winter precipitation patterns: more recent decades are characterised by significantly fewer winters with anomalous wet conditions over southern, western, and central Europe. In contrast, winters with dry conditions in western and southern Europe, but above-average rainfall in western Scandinavia and the northern British Isles, have been more common recently. We evaluate the associated multi-decadal large-scale circulation changes across the broader extratropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region, which accompany the observed wintertime precipitation variability using the 20th Century reanalysis product. Some influence of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) is apparent in modulating the frequency of dominant precipitation patterns. However, recent trends in the characteristics of atmospheric blocking across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector indicate a change in the dominant blocking centres (near Greenland, the British Isles, and west of the Iberian Peninsula). Associated changes in sea level pressure, storm track position and strength, and oceanic heat fluxes across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region are also</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035905','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035905"><span>Deep-sea ostracods from the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector of the Southern ocean during the Last 370,000 years</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Yasuhara, Moriaki; Cronin, T. M.; Hunt, G.; Hodell, D.A.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>We report changes of deep-sea ostracod fauna during the last 370,000 yr from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 704A in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector of the Southern Ocean. The results show that faunal changes are coincident with glacial/interglacial-scale deep-water circulation changes, even though our dataset is relatively small and the waters are barren of ostracods until mid-MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 5. Krithe and Poseidonamicus were dominant during the Holocene interglacial <span class="hlt">period</span> and the latter part of MIS 5, when this site was under the influence of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW). Conversely, Henryhowella and Legitimocythere were dominant during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span>, when this site was in the path of Circumpolar Deep Water (CPDW). Three new species (Aversovalva brandaoae, Poseidonamicus hisayoae, and Krithe mazziniae) are described herein. This is the first report of Quaternary glacial/interglacial scale deep-sea ostracod faunal changes in the Southern and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oceans, a key region for understanding Quaternary climate and deep-water circulation, although the paucity of Quaternary ostracods in this region necessitates further research. ?? 2009 The Paleontological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899i/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899i/report.pdf"><span>Streamflow from the United States into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean during 1931-1960</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bue, Conrad D.</p> <p>1970-01-01</p> <p>Streamflow from the United States into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, between the international stream St. Croix River, inclusive, and Cape Sable, Fla., averaged about 355,000 cfs (cubic feet per second) during the 30-year <span class="hlt">period</span> 1931-60, or roughly 20 percent of the water that, on the average flows out of the conterminous United States. The area drained by streams flowing into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is about 288,000 square miles, including the Canadian part of the St. Croix and Connecticut River basins, or a little less than 10 percent of the area of the conterminous United States. Hence, the average streamflow into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, in terms of cubic feet per second per square mile, is about twice the national average of the flow that leaves the conterminous United States. Flow from about three-fourths of the area draining into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is gaged at streamflow measuring stations of the U.S. Geological Survey. The remaining one-fourth of the drainage area consists mostly of low-lying coastal areas from which the flow was estimated, largely on the basis of nearby gaging stations. Streamflow, in terms of cubic feet per second per square mile, decreases rather progressively from north to south. It averages nearly 2 cfs along the Maine coast, about 1 cfs along the North Carolina coast, and about 0.9 cfs along the Florida coast.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25683084','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25683084"><span>A failed tentative to design a super carbonic anhydrase having the biochemical properties of the most thermostable <span class="hlt">CA</span> (Ssp<span class="hlt">CA</span>) and the fastest (Saz<span class="hlt">CA</span>) enzymes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>De Luca, Viviana; Del Prete, Sonia; Carginale, Vincenzo; Vullo, Daniela; Supuran, Claudiu T; Capasso, Clemente</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze a simple reaction in all life domains: the carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons: CO2 + H2O → [Formula: see text] + H(+). Six different, genetically distinct <span class="hlt">CA</span> families are known to date, the α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ- and η-CAs. Bacteria encode for CAs belong to the α-, β- and γ-classes. Recently, our groups investigated the presence of CAs in two bacteria belonging to the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium living in hot springs all over the world, at temperatures of up to 110 °C. The α-CAs from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense and Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense, denominated Ssp<span class="hlt">CA</span> and Saz<span class="hlt">CA</span>, respectively, are highly thermostable, maintaining a good catalytic activity even after being heated for a prolonged <span class="hlt">period</span>. Moreover, Saz<span class="hlt">CA</span> was to be the fastest <span class="hlt">CA</span> known to date with a kcat value of 4.40 × 10(6) s(-1) and a kcat/KM value of 3.5 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1). Ssp<span class="hlt">CA</span> also showed a good catalytic activity for the same reaction, with a kcat value of 9.35 × 10(5) s(-1) and a kcat/KM value of 1.1 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), proving that the "extremo-α-CAs" are between the most effective CAs known to date. Here, we describe a failed tentative to obtain a super-<span class="hlt">CA</span>, Sup<span class="hlt">CA</span>, by combining the amino acid sequence of Saz<span class="hlt">CA</span> and Ssp<span class="hlt">CA</span>. To achieve this goal we introduced six His residues in N-terminal sequence of Ssp<span class="hlt">CA</span>. However the obtained Sup<span class="hlt">CA</span> showed lower catalytic activity and thermostability compared to both extremophilic enzymes from which it has been designed. We rationalized the biochemical reasons of this failure, which may be useful to design enzymes with a better catalytic activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP52B..04S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP52B..04S"><span>Late Quaternary Productivity Records from Coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stoll, H. M.; Burke, A.; Mejia Ramirez, L. M.; Shimizu, N.; Ziveri, P. P. I.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> of coccoliths has been proposed as an indicator of productivity on the basis of correlation with export production in sediment traps and across upwelling productivity gradients, although the mechanism responsable for this relationship is not clear. For diverse oceanographic settings in the Late Quaternary, we compare coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> productivity records with those of other productivity indicators and proxies for mechanisms of productivity forcing. For the Somalia Basin in the Arabian Sea, coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> shows a large variation coherent with precessional forcing of wind strength as a mechanism for productivity regulation. During the glacial, the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> peak is decoupled from productivity indicators based on organic C accumulation rate. For the Northern Bay of Bengal, coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>, Ba/Ti, and relative abundance of G. bulloides, all suggest greater productivity during the interglacial <span class="hlt">periods</span>, consisted with Nd isotopic evidence for greater riverine nutrient inputs. In the Andaman Sea, coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> is highest during precessional maxima in the summer monsoon, consistent with proxies for chemical weathering in the Irawaddy rivershed. In the Eastern Mediterranean, coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> is on average low, and peaks during the E. Holocene interval characterized by deposition of sapropel S1. The peak in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> however is comparable to the level maintained throughout the Holocene in the Western Mediterranean, where no sapropel occurs, implicating deepwater oxygen levels as a significant contributor to sapropel formation. Finally, on the Agulhas Bank, minima in coccolith Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> occur during obliquity minima which are <span class="hlt">periods</span> of anomalous equatorward deposition of IRD in the Southern Ocean. Northward explansion of the westerly wind field during these cold intervals, block upwelling on the Agulhas Bank and result in low productivity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001CSR....21..917B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001CSR....21..917B"><span>UK <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Margin Environmental Survey: Introduction and overview of bathyal benthic ecology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bett, Brian J.</p> <p>2001-05-01</p> <p>The recent expansion of the Oil and Gas Industry in to the deep waters of the UK <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Frontier prompted the industry and its regulator to reappraise the needs and means of environmental monitoring. In concert, deep-sea academics, specialist contractors, the regulator and the Industry, through the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Frontier Environmental Network (AFEN), devised and implemented a large-scale environmental survey of the deep waters to the north and west of Scotland. The AFEN-funded survey was carried out during the summers of 1996 and 1998, and involved two steps; an initial sidescan sonar mapping of the survey areas, followed up with direct seabed investigations by coring and photography. This contribution deals with the latter step. Seabed samples were collected to assess sediment type, organic content, heavy metals, hydrocarbons and macrobenthos. Photographic and video observations were employed to provide both 'routine' seabed assessments and to investigate particular sidescan features of note. Although essentially intended as a 'baseline' environmental survey, anthropogenic impacts are already evident throughout the areas surveyed. Indications of the effects of deep-sea trawling were frequently encountered (seabed trawl marks and areas of disturbed sediments), being present in almost all of the areas studied and extending to water depths in excess of 1000 m. Evidence of localised contamination of the seabed by drilling muds was also detected, though background hydrocarbon contamination is predominantly of terrestrial origin or derived from shipping. The benthic ecology of the UK <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Margin is dominated by the marked differences in the hydrography of the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) and the Rockall Trough (RT). Comparatively warm North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water is common to both areas; however, in the FSC, cold (subzero) waters occupy the deeper parts of the channel (>600 m). The extreme thermal gradient present on the West Shetland Slope has a substantial influence on the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28457854','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28457854"><span>The diagnostic value of serum tumor markers CEA, <span class="hlt">CA</span>19-9, <span class="hlt">CA</span>125, <span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3, and TPS in metastatic breast cancer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Weigang; Xu, Xiaoqin; Tian, Baoguo; Wang, Yan; Du, Lili; Sun, Ting; Shi, Yanchun; Zhao, Xianwen; Jing, Jiexian</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>This study aims to understand the diagnostic value of serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (<span class="hlt">CA</span>19-9), cancer antigen 125 (<span class="hlt">CA</span>125), cancer antigen 15-3 (<span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3), and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A total of 164 metastatic breast cancer patients in Shanxi Cancer Hospital were recruited between February 2016 and July 2016. 200 breast cancer patients without metastasis in the same <span class="hlt">period</span> were randomly selected as the control group. The general characteristics, immunohistochemical, and pathological results were investigated between the two groups, and tumor markers were determined. There were statistical differences in the concentration and the positive rates of CEA, <span class="hlt">CA</span>19-9, <span class="hlt">CA</span>125, <span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3, and TPS between the MBC and control group (P<0.05). The highest sensitivity was in CEA and the highest specificity was in <span class="hlt">CA</span>125 for the diagnosis of MBC when using a single tumor marker at 56.7% and 97.0%, respectively. In addition, two tumor markers were used for the diagnosis of MBC and the CEA and TPS combination had the highest diagnostic sensitivity with 78.7%, while the <span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3 and <span class="hlt">CA</span>125 combination had the highest specificity of 91.5%. Analysis of tumor markers of 164 MBC found that there were statistical differences in the positive rates of CEA and <span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3 between bone metastases and other metastases (χ 2 =6.00, P=0.014; χ 2 =7.32, P=0.007, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity values of the CEA and <span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3 combination in the diagnosis of bone metastases were 77.1% and 45.8%, respectively. The positive rate of TPS in the lung metastases group was lower than in other metastases (χ 2 =8.06, P=0.005).There were significant differences in the positive rates of <span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3 and TPS between liver metastases and other metastases (χ 2 =15.42, P<0.001; χ 2 =9.72, P=0.002, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of the <span class="hlt">CA</span>15-3 and TPS combination in the diagnosis of liver metastases were 92.3% and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-30/pdf/2013-23741.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-30/pdf/2013-23741.pdf"><span>78 FR 59878 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; Commercial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Aggregated Large Coastal Shark (LCS...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-09-30</p> <p>... submitted electronically on a weekly basis through a NMFS-approved electronic reporting system by the dealer... metric tons (mt) dressed weight (dw) (149,914 lb dw) of non-blacknose SCS quota from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region... lb dw), the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hammerhead shark management group quota is 27.1 metric tons (mt) dressed weight...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4055897','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4055897"><span>Reconstruction of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Subtropical Dipole index for the past 12,000 years from surface temperature proxy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wainer, Ilana; Prado, Luciana Figueiredo; Khodri, Myriam; Otto-Bliesner, Bette</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Climate indices based on sea surface temperature (SST) can synthesize information related to physical processes that describe change and variability in continental precipitation from floods to droughts. The South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Subtropical Dipole index (SASD) is based on the distribution of SST in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and fits these criteria. It represents the dominant mode of variability of SST in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, which is modulated by changes in the position and intensity of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Subtropical High. Here we reconstructed an index of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean SST (SASD-like) for the past twelve thousand years (the Holocene <span class="hlt">period</span>) based on proxy-data. This has great scientific implications and important socio-economic ramifications because of its ability to infer variability of precipitation and moisture over South America where past climate data is limited. For the first time a reconstructed index based on proxy data on opposite sides of the SASD-like mode is able to capture, in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the significant cold events in the Northern Hemisphere at 12.9−11.6 kyr BP and 8.6−8.0 ky BP. These events are related, using a transient model simulation, to precipitation changes over South America. PMID:24924600</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5035586','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5035586"><span>The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/Calmodulin/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKK2 Axis: Nature’s Metabolic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>Mshaft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Marcelo, Kathrina L.; Means, Anthony R.; York, Brian</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+) is an essential ligand that binds its primary intracellular receptor Calmodulin (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M) to trigger a variety of downstream processes and pathways. Central to the actions of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M is the activation of a highly conserved <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M kinase (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MK) cascade, which amplifies <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signals through a series of subsequent phosphorylation events. Proper regulation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ flux is necessary for whole-body metabolism and disruption of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ homeostasis has been linked to a variety of metabolic diseases. Herein, we provide a synthesis of recent advances that highlight the roles of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M kinase axis in key metabolic tissues. An appreciation of this information is critical in order to understand the mechanisms by which <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M-dependent signaling contributes to metabolic homeostasis and disease. PMID:27449752</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-06-13/pdf/2012-14458.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-06-13/pdf/2012-14458.pdf"><span>77 FR 35357 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; Commercial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region Non-Sandbar Large Coastal Shark...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-06-13</p> <p>... Highly Migratory Species; Commercial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region Non-Sandbar Large Coastal Shark Fishery Opening Date... commercial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region non-sandbar large coastal shark fishery. This action is necessary to inform... large coastal shark fishery will open on July 15, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karyl Brewster...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033487','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033487"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> reef fish biogeography and evolution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Floeter, S.R.; Rocha, L.A.; Robertson, D.R.; Joyeux, J.C.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Wirtz, P.; Edwards, A.J.; Barreiros, J.P.; Ferreira, C.E.L.; Gasparini, J.L.; Brito, A.; Falcon, J.M.; Bowen, B.W.; Bernardi, G.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Aim: To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location: <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. Methods: The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and southern Africa. Maximum-parsimony and distance analyses were employed to investigate biogeographical relationships among those areas. A collection of 26 phylogenies of various <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> reef fish taxa was used to assess patterns of origin and diversification relative to evolutionary scenarios based on spatio-temporal sequences of species splitting produced by geological and palaeoceanographic events. We present data on faunal (species and genera) richness, endemism patterns, diversity buildup (i.e. speciation processes), and evaluate the operation of the main biogeographical barriers and/or filters. Results: Phylogenetic (proportion of sister species) and distributional (number of shared species) patterns are generally concordant with recognized biogeographical provinces in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The highly uneven distribution of species in certain genera appears to be related to their origin, with highest species richness in areas with the greatest phylogenetic depth. Diversity buildup in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> reef fishes involved (1) diversification within each province, (2) isolation as a result of biogeographical barriers, and (3) stochastic accretion by means of dispersal between provinces. The timing of divergence events is not concordant among taxonomic groups. The three soft (non-terrestrial) inter-regional barriers (mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Amazon, and Benguela) clearly act as 'filters' by restricting dispersal but at the same time allowing occasional crossings that apparently lead to the establishment of new populations and species. Fluctuations in the effectiveness of the filters, combined with ecological differences among provinces, apparently provide a mechanism</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.U11A0009M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.U11A0009M"><span>Tropical Cyclones and Climate Controls in the Western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mock, C. J.; Dodds, S. F.; Rodgers, M. D.; Patwardhan, A.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>This study describes new comprehensive reconstructions of individual Western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin tropical cyclones for each year of the first half of the nineteenth century in the Western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin that are directly compatible and supplement the National Hurricane Center's HURDAT (<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin hurricane database). Data used for reconstructing tropical cyclones come from ship logbooks, ship protests, diaries, newspapers, and early instrumental records from more than 50 different archival repositories in the United States and the United Kingdom. Tropical cyclone strength was discriminated among tropical storms, hurricanes, major hurricanes, and non-tropical lows at least at tropical storm strength. The results detail the characteristics of several hundred storms, many of them being newly documented, and tracks for all storms were mapped. Overall, prominent active <span class="hlt">periods</span> of tropical cyclones are evident along the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean in the 1830s but Caribbean and Gulf coasts exhibit active <span class="hlt">periods</span> as being more evident in the 1810s and 1820s. Differences in decadal variations were even more pronounced when examining time series of activity at the statewide scale. High resolution paleoclimate and historical instrumental records of the AMO, NAO, ENSO, <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs, West African rainfall, and volcanic activity explain how different modes in these forcing mechanisms may explain some of the multidecadal and interannual variations. The early nineteenth century active hurricane activity appears to be particularly unique in corresponding with a low (negative index) AMO <span class="hlt">period</span>, and as they relate to particular synoptic-scale patterns in the latter part of the Little Ice Age. Model simulations offer some hypotheses on such patterns, perhaps suggesting increased baroclinic-related storms and a slight later possible shift in the seasonal peak of tropical cyclones for some areas at times. Some years, such as 1806, 1837, 1838, 1842, and 1846 have particularly very active</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517093','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517093"><span>Strong and deep <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial cycle.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Böhm, E; Lippold, J; Gutjahr, M; Frank, M; Blaser, P; Antz, B; Fohlmeister, J; Frank, N; Andersen, M B; Deininger, M</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Extreme, abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate oscillations during the last glacial cycle (140,000 years ago to present) were modulated by changes in ocean circulation and atmospheric forcing. However, the variability of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), which has a role in controlling heat transport from low to high latitudes and in ocean CO2 storage, is still poorly constrained beyond the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we show that a deep and vigorous overturning circulation mode has persisted for most of the last glacial cycle, dominating ocean circulation in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, whereas a shallower glacial mode with southern-sourced waters filling the deep western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> prevailed during glacial maxima. Our results are based on a reconstruction of both the strength and the direction of the AMOC during the last glacial cycle from a highly resolved marine sedimentary record in the deep western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Parallel measurements of two independent chemical water tracers (the isotope ratios of (231)Pa/(230)Th and (143)Nd/(144)Nd), which are not directly affected by changes in the global cycle, reveal consistent responses of the AMOC during the last two glacial terminations. Any significant deviations from this configuration, resulting in slowdowns of the AMOC, were restricted to centennial-scale excursions during catastrophic iceberg discharges of the Heinrich stadials. Severe and multicentennial weakening of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water formation occurred only during Heinrich stadials close to glacial maxima with increased ice coverage, probably as a result of increased fresh-water input. In contrast, the AMOC was relatively insensitive to submillennial meltwater pulses during warmer climate states, and an active AMOC prevailed during Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadials (Greenland warm <span class="hlt">periods</span>).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22775293','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22775293"><span><span class="hlt">Periodic</span> DFT study of acidic trace atmospheric gas molecule adsorption on <span class="hlt">Ca</span>- and Fe-doped MgO(001) surface basic sites.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baltrusaitis, Jonas; Hatch, Courtney; Orlando, Roberto</p> <p>2012-08-02</p> <p>The electronic properties of undoped and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>- or Fe-doped MgO(001) surfaces, as well as their propensity toward atmospheric acidic gas (CO2, SO2, and NO2) uptake was investigated with an emphasis on gas adsorption on the basic MgO oxygen surface sites, O(surf), using <span class="hlt">periodic</span> density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Adsorption energy calculations show that MgO doping will provide stronger interactions of the adsorbate with the O(surf) sites than the undoped MgO for a given adsorbate molecule. Charge transfer from the iron atom in Fe-doped MgO(001) to NO2 was shown to increase the binding interaction between adsorbate by an order of magnitude, when compared to that of undoped and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>-doped MgO(001) surfaces. Secondary binding interactions of adsorbate oxygen atoms were observed with surface magnesium sites at distances close to those of the Mg-O bond within the crystal. These interactions may serve as a preliminary step for adsorption and facilitate further adsorbate transformations into other binding configurations. Impacts on global atmospheric chemistry are discussed as these adsorption phenomena can affect atmospheric gas budgets via altered partitioning and retention on mineral aerosol surfaces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3498610','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3498610"><span><span class="hlt">Periodic</span> DFT study of acidic trace atmospheric gas molecule adsorption on <span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Fe doped MgO (001) surface basic sites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hatch, Courtney; Orlando, Roberto</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The electronic properties of undoped and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> or Fe doped MgO (001) surfaces, as well as their propensity towards atmospheric acidic gas (CO2, SO2 and NO2) uptake was investigated with an emphasis on gas adsorption on the basic MgO oxygen surface sites, Osurf, using <span class="hlt">periodic</span> Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Adsorption energy calculations show that MgO doping will provide stronger interactions of the adsorbate with the Osurf sites than the undoped MgO for a given adsorbate molecule. Charge transfer from the iron atom in Fe doped MgO (001) to NO2 was shown to increase the binding interaction between adsorbate by an order of magnitude, when compared to that of undoped and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> doped MgO (001) surfaces. Secondary binding interactions of adsorbate oxygen atoms were observed with surface magnesium sites at distances close to those of the Mg-O bond within the crystal. These interactions may serve as a preliminary step for adsorption and facilitate further adsorbate transformations into other binding configurations. Impacts on global atmospheric chemistry are discussed as these adsorption phenomena can affect atmospheric gas budgets via altered partitioning and retention on mineral aerosol surfaces. PMID:22775293</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMS...133...77F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMS...133...77F"><span>Differential response of continental stock complexes of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar) to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Friedland, Kevin D.; Shank, Burton V.; Todd, Christopher D.; McGinnity, Philip; Nye, Janet A.</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon, Salmo salar, in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> are managed as a set of population complexes distributed in North America and Europe. In recent years, these complexes have experienced reduced marine survival and many populations within the complexes are at risk, especially those at the southern ends of the species amphi-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> range. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon is an anadromous fish dividing its life history between residence in freshwater and the marine environment. The freshwater portion of the life history includes spawning and the rearing of juveniles where in-river production has tended to be relatively stable, whereas the first year at sea, termed the post-smolt year, is characterized by more variable rates of mortality. Although their habitats are widely separated geographically along the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> seaboards, strong recruitment coherence exists between North American and European stock complexes. This recruitment coherence is correlated with ocean temperature variation associated with the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) appears to be relatively unimportant as a driver of salmon abundance. The mechanism determining the link between AMO-related thermal variation and abundance appears to differ fundamentally for the two continental stock groupings. Whereas ocean climate variability during the first springtime months of juvenile salmon migration to sea appears to be important to the survival of North American stocks, summer climate variation appears to be central to adult recruitment variation for European stocks. This contrast in seasonal effects appears to be related to the varying roles of predation pressure and size-related mortality on the continental stock complexes. The anticipated warming due to global climate change will impose thermal conditions on salmon populations outside historical context and challenge the ability of many populations to persist.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3010579','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3010579"><span><span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox injury mediated through TRPC channels in mouse ventricular myocytes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kojima, Akiko; Kitagawa, Hirotoshi; Omatsu-Kanbe, Mariko; Matsuura, Hiroshi; Nosaka, Shuichi</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox is an important phenomenon associated with <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ overload-mediated cellular injury in myocardium. The present study was undertaken to elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms for the development of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fluorescence imaging was performed on fluo-3 loaded quiescent mouse ventricular myocytes using confocal laser scanning microscope. KEY RESULTS The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox was readily evoked by restoration of the extracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ following 10–20 min of nominally <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-free superfusion. The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox was significantly reduced by blockers of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, Gd3+, La3+) and anti-TRPC1 antibody. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ content, assessed by caffeine application, gradually declined during <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-free superfusion, which was further accelerated by metabolic inhibition. Block of SR <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ leak by tetracaine prevented <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox. The Na+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ exchange (NCX) blocker KB-R7943 significantly inhibited <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox when applied throughout superfusion <span class="hlt">period</span>, but had little effect when added for a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 3 min before and during <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ restoration. The SR <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ content was better preserved during <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ depletion by KB-R7943. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression of TRPC1, in addition to TRPC3 and TRPC4, in mouse ventricular myocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide evidence that (i) the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox is primarily mediated by <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ entry through TRPC (probably TRPC1) channels that are presumably activated by SR <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ depletion; and (ii) reverse mode NCX contributes little to the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox, whereas inhibition of NCX during <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ depletion improves SR <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ loading, and is associated with reduced incidence of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ paradox in mouse ventricular myocytes. PMID:20718730</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-06-23/pdf/2011-15641.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-06-23/pdf/2011-15641.pdf"><span>76 FR 36892 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Highly Migratory Species; 2011 North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Swordfish Quotas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-06-23</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Tunas (ICCAT) recommendations 10-02 and 09-03 into the quota adjustments for the 2011 fishing year... adopted for North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Swordfish for one year. Recommendation 10-02 included a total TAC of 13,700 mt... year. Recommendation 10-02 maintains the U.S. previous years' quota allocation of 2,937.6 mt dw as well...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26755597','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26755597"><span>Neotropical forest expansion during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> challenges refuge hypothesis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leite, Yuri L R; Costa, Leonora P; Loss, Ana Carolina; Rocha, Rita G; Batalha-Filho, Henrique; Bastos, Alex C; Quaresma, Valéria S; Fagundes, Valéria; Paresque, Roberta; Passamani, Marcelo; Pardini, Renata</p> <p>2016-01-26</p> <p>The forest refuge hypothesis (FRH) has long been a paradigm for explaining the extreme biological diversity of tropical forests. According to this hypothesis, forest retraction and fragmentation during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span> would have promoted reproductive isolation and consequently speciation in forest patches (ecological refuges) surrounded by open habitats. The recent use of paleoclimatic models of species and habitat distributions revitalized the FRH, not by considering refuges as the main drivers of allopatric speciation, but instead by suggesting that high contemporary diversity is associated with historically stable forest areas. However, the role of the emerged continental shelf on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Forest biodiversity hotspot of eastern South America during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span> has been ignored in the literature. Here, we combined results of species distribution models with coalescent simulations based on DNA sequences to explore the congruence between scenarios of forest dynamics through time and the genetic structure of mammal species cooccurring in the central region of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Forest. Contrary to the FRH predictions, we found more fragmentation of suitable habitats during the last interglacial (LIG) and the present than in the last glacial maximum (LGM), probably due to topography. We also detected expansion of suitable climatic conditions onto the emerged continental shelf during the LGM, which would have allowed forests and forest-adapted species to expand. The interplay of sea level and land distribution must have been crucial in the biogeographic history of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Forest, and forest refuges played only a minor role, if any, in this biodiversity hotspot during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4743791','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4743791"><span>Neotropical forest expansion during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> challenges refuge hypothesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Costa, Leonora P.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Rocha, Rita G.; Batalha-Filho, Henrique; Bastos, Alex C.; Quaresma, Valéria S.; Fagundes, Valéria; Paresque, Roberta; Passamani, Marcelo; Pardini, Renata</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The forest refuge hypothesis (FRH) has long been a paradigm for explaining the extreme biological diversity of tropical forests. According to this hypothesis, forest retraction and fragmentation during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span> would have promoted reproductive isolation and consequently speciation in forest patches (ecological refuges) surrounded by open habitats. The recent use of paleoclimatic models of species and habitat distributions revitalized the FRH, not by considering refuges as the main drivers of allopatric speciation, but instead by suggesting that high contemporary diversity is associated with historically stable forest areas. However, the role of the emerged continental shelf on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Forest biodiversity hotspot of eastern South America during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span> has been ignored in the literature. Here, we combined results of species distribution models with coalescent simulations based on DNA sequences to explore the congruence between scenarios of forest dynamics through time and the genetic structure of mammal species cooccurring in the central region of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Forest. Contrary to the FRH predictions, we found more fragmentation of suitable habitats during the last interglacial (LIG) and the present than in the last glacial maximum (LGM), probably due to topography. We also detected expansion of suitable climatic conditions onto the emerged continental shelf during the LGM, which would have allowed forests and forest-adapted species to expand. The interplay of sea level and land distribution must have been crucial in the biogeographic history of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Forest, and forest refuges played only a minor role, if any, in this biodiversity hotspot during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span>. PMID:26755597</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7862M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7862M"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> early 20th century warming and impact on European summer: Mechanisms and Predictability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Müller, Wolfgang</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>. Lohmann,G. P. Compo, and J. Marotzke, 2015: A 20th-century reanalysis forced ocean model to reconstruct North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate variation during the 1920s, Climate Dynamics. doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2267-5 Müller, W. A., H. Pohlmann, F. Sienz, and D. Smith, 2014: Decadal climate prediction for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1901-2010 with a coupled climate model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, pp 2100-2107.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.481..171W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.481..171W"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate model bias influence on multiyear predictability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Y.; Park, T.; Park, W.; Latif, M.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The influences of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> biases on multiyear predictability of unforced surface air temperature (SAT) variability are examined in the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). By employing a freshwater flux correction over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> to the model, which strongly alleviates both North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea surface temperature (SST) biases, the freshwater flux-corrected integration depicts significantly enhanced multiyear SAT predictability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector in comparison to the uncorrected one. The enhanced SAT predictability in the corrected integration is due to a stronger and more variable <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its enhanced influence on North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST. Results obtained from preindustrial control integrations of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) support the findings obtained from the KCM: models with large North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> biases tend to have a weak AMOC influence on SAT and exhibit a smaller SAT predictability over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JGRD..11317109K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JGRD..11317109K"><span>Refinements to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin seasonal hurricane prediction from 1 December</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Klotzbach, Philip J.</p> <p>2008-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin seasonal hurricane predictions have been issued by the Tropical Meteorology Project at Colorado State University since 1984, with early December forecasts being issued every year since early December 1991. These forecasts have yet to show real-time forecast skill, despite several statistical models that have shown considerable hindcast skill. In an effort to improve both hindcast skill and hopefully real-time forecast skill, a modified forecast scheme has been developed using data from 1950 to 2007. Predictors were selected based upon how much variance was explained over the 1950-1989 subperiod. These predictors were then required to explain similar amounts of variance over a latter subperiod from 1990 to 2007. Similar amounts of skill were demonstrated for each of the three predictors selected over the 1950-1989 <span class="hlt">period</span>, the 1990-2007 <span class="hlt">period</span>, and the full 1950-2007 <span class="hlt">period</span>. In addition, significant correlations between individual predictors and physical features known to affect hurricanes during the following August-October (i.e., tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> wind shear and sea level pressure changes, ENSO phase changes) were obtained. This scheme uses a new methodology where hindcasts were obtained using linear regression and then ranked to generate final hindcast values. Fifty-four percent of the variance was explained for seasonal Net Tropical Cyclone (NTC) activity over the 1950-2007 <span class="hlt">period</span>. These hindcasts show considerable differences in landfalling U.S. tropical cyclones, especially for the Florida Peninsula and East Coast. Seven major hurricanes made Florida Peninsula and East Coast landfall during the top 15 largest NTC hindcasts compared with only two major hurricane landfalls in the bottom 15 smallest NTC hindcasts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52E..01O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52E..01O"><span>Amplified North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Warming in the Late Pliocene by Changes in Arctic Gateways</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Jahn, A.; Feng, R.; Brady, E. C.; Hu, A.; Lofverstrom, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Reconstructions of the late Pliocene (mid-Piacenzian, 3.3 - 3.0 million years ago) sea surface temperature (SST) find much warmer conditions in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> than modern. The much warmer SSTs, up to 8.8°C from sites with good dating and replicates from several different types of proxies, have been difficult for climate models to reproduce. Even with the slow feedbacks of a reduced Greenland ice sheet and expansion of boreal forests to the Arctic Ocean over Canada and Eurasia, models cannot warm the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sufficiently to match the reconstructed SSTs. An enhancement of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the late Pliocene, proposed as a possible mechanism based on ocean core records of δ13C, also is not present in the model simulations. Here, we present CESM simulations using a new reconstruction of late Pliocene paleogeography that has the Bering Strait (BS) and Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) Straits closed. We find that the closure of these small Arctic gateways strengthens the AMOC, by inhibiting freshwater (FW) transport from the Pacific to the Arctic Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to the Labrador Sea, leading to warmer sea surface temperatures in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The cutoff of the short export route through the CAA results in a more saline Labrador and south Greenland Sea with increased deep convection. At the same time, as all FW now leaves the Arctic east of Greenland, there is a freshening of and decreased deepwater formation in the Norwegian Sea. Overall, the AMOC strengthens. This past time <span class="hlt">period</span> has implications for a future Earth under more responsible scenarios of emissions. Late Pliocene atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are estimated to have ranged between 350 and 450 ppmv and the paleogeography is relatively similar to modern. Our study indicates that the state of the Arctic gateways may influence the sensitivity of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate in complex ways, and better understanding of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70186595','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70186595"><span>The <span class="hlt">atlantic</span> salmon: Genetics, conservation and management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Verspoor, Eric; Stradmeyer, Lee; Nielsen, Jennifer L.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> range; it is the focus of probably the World’s highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World’s largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation.This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16...61S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16...61S"><span>Phase Variability of the Recent Climate in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Serykh, Ilya; Anisimov, Mikhail; Byshev, Vladimir; Neiman, Victor; Romanov, Juri; Sidorova, Alexandra</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The atmospheric pressure and near-surface temperature differences between the Azores High and the Icelandic Low for the <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1900-2012 within the spatial-temporal average-out (20º latitude, 20º longitude and 12 years) were considered. The secular term of phase states of the system under consideration was found to divide into three non-intersecting subsets. Each of that was put in consequence with one of three climatic scenarios related to the <span class="hlt">periods</span> of 1905-1935 (relatively warm phase), 1940-1970 (colder phase) and 1980-2000 (warmer phase). A life time of such a scenario lasted about 20-35 years, and the transition from one scenario to another covered 4-6 years, i.e. it run comparatively quickly. The revealed non-overlapping sub-aggregates of the thermodynamic indices related to each particular climate scenario gave an idea to follow the circulation peculiarities and the interrelated temperature differences within the limits of the Northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ocean-atmosphere regional system. The results of this analysis bear evidence that the most probable intermittent strengthening and weakening of Hadley and Ferrell circulations occurred there in coincided phase. The analogous character of the climate system behavior was also detected in some other regional atmospheric activity centers that can be considered as a witness on the global nature of the detected phase type of modern climate inter-decadal variability. Hence, we have the grounds to suppose that mentioned above the short-<span class="hlt">period</span> inter-decadal excitations of the modern climate have a global nature and appears everywhere. Finally, the attention was paid to the fact that at the early XXI century the thermodynamic state of the Northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> regional climate system has shown a tendency to face towards the situation, similar to the cooler scenario of the 1940-1970. We used the heat content of upper 700m <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean layer data from NODC to calculate its anomalies for the <span class="hlt">periods</span> of 1955-1970, 1980-2000 and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMPP13C..04J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMPP13C..04J"><span>Linking the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation to Rainfall Over Northern Lake Malawi</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, T. C.; Powers, L. A.; Werne, J. P.; Brown, E. T.; Castaneda, I.; Schouten, S.; Sinninghe-Damste, J.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Piston and multi-cores recovered from the north basin of Lake Malawi in 1998 by the International Decade for the East African Lakes (IDEAL) have provided a rich history of climate variability spanning the past 25,000 years. As we now begin to analyze the cores recovered by the Malawi Drilling Project in early 2005, we are considering the relationships among sedimentary signals of temperature (TEX86), northerly winds associated with a southward excursion of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (per cent biogenic silica), and rainfall (terrigenous mass accumulation rate) in the well dated 1998 cores. A high-resolution record of the past 800 years suggests that rainfall in this region (10 - 12° S, 30 - 35° E) was relatively low during the Little Ice Age, when northerly winds were more prevalent, attributed to a more southerly position of the ITCZ during austral summers. The TEX86 signal of lake (surface?) temperature ranged mostly between 24 and 26°C during this <span class="hlt">period</span>, with the coldest temperature of about 22°C around AD1680 and the warmest temperature, exceeding 27°C, in the youngest sediment sample. The cooler water temperatures coincide with <span class="hlt">periods</span> of highest diatom productivity, consistent with the latter being due to relatively intense upwelling associated with the northerly winds. Our observation of low rainfall during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of more southerly migration of the ITCZ is consistent with the results of McHugh and Rogers (2001), who linked rainfall in southeastern Africa to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). During years of weak NAO, equatorial westerly transport of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> moisture across Africa during austral summer is relatively intense, causing high rainfall in the East African Rift between the equator and 16° S. Conversely, when the NAO is positive, rainfall is higher south of 15° S than north of this latitude, which is consistent with a southward migration of the ITCZ. McHugh, M. J. and J. C. Rogers (2001). "North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation influence on</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19097482','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19097482"><span>Arctic climatechange and its impacts on the ecology of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Greene, Charles H; Pershing, Andrew J; Cronin, Thomas M; Ceci, Nicole</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>Arctic climate change from the Paleocene epoch to the present is reconstructed with the objective of assessing its recent and future impacts on the ecology of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. A recurring theme in Earth's paleoclimate record is the importance of the Arctic atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere in regulating global climate on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. A second recurring theme in this record is the importance of freshwater export from the Arctic in regulating global- to basin-scale ocean circulation patterns and climate. Since the 1970s, historically unprecedented changes have been observed in the Arctic as climate warming has increased precipitation, river discharge, and glacial as well as sea-ice melting. In addition, modal shifts in the atmosphere have altered Arctic Ocean circulation patterns and the export of freshwater into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The combination of these processes has resulted in variable patterns of freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean and the emergence of salinity anomalies that have <span class="hlt">periodically</span> freshened waters in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Since the early 1990s, changes in Arctic Ocean circulation patterns and freshwater export have been associated with two types of ecological responses in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The first of these responses has been an ongoing series of biogeographic range expansions by boreal plankton, including renewal of the trans-Arctic exchanges of Pacific species with the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The second response was a dramatic regime shift in the shelf ecosystems of the Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> that occurred during the early 1990s. This regime shift resulted from freshening and stratification of the shelf waters, which in turn could be linked to changes in the abundances and seasonal cycles of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and higher trophic-level consumer populations. It is predicted that the recently observed ecological responses to Arctic climate change in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> will continue into the near future if current trends</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15592409','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15592409"><span>Wet <span class="hlt">periods</span> in northeastern Brazil over the past 210 kyr linked to distant climate anomalies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Xianfeng; Auler, Augusto S; Edwards, R Lawrence; Cheng, Hai; Cristalli, Patricia S; Smart, Peter L; Richards, David A; Shen, Chuan-Chou</p> <p>2004-12-09</p> <p>The tropics are the main source of the atmosphere's sensible and latent heat, and water vapour, and are therefore important for reconstructions of past climate. But long, accurately dated records of southern tropical palaeoclimate, which would allow the establishment of climatic connections to distant regions, have not been available. Here we present a 210,000-year (210-kyr) record of wet <span class="hlt">periods</span> in tropical northeastern Brazil--a region that is currently semi-arid. The record is obtained from speleothems and travertine deposits that are accurately dated using the U/Th method. We find wet <span class="hlt">periods</span> that are synchronous with <span class="hlt">periods</span> of weak East Asian summer monsoons, cold <span class="hlt">periods</span> in Greenland, Heinrich events in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and <span class="hlt">periods</span> of decreased river runoff to the Cariaco basin. We infer that the wet <span class="hlt">periods</span> may be explained with a southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. This widespread synchroneity of climate anomalies suggests a relatively rapid global reorganization of the ocean-atmosphere system. We conclude that the wet <span class="hlt">periods</span> probably affected rainforest distribution, as plant fossils show that forest expansion occurred during these intermittent wet intervals, and opened a forest corridor between the Amazonian and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rainforests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2013-title50-vol12-sec622-201.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2013-title50-vol12-sec622-201.pdf"><span>50 CFR 622.201 - South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rock shrimp limited access.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rock shrimp limited access... SOUTH <span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> Shrimp Fishery of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region § 622.201 South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rock shrimp limited access. (a) Commercial Vessel Permits for Rock Shrimp (South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> EEZ). For a person aboard a vessel...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title50-vol12-sec622-201.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title50-vol12-sec622-201.pdf"><span>50 CFR 622.201 - South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rock shrimp limited access.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rock shrimp limited access... SOUTH <span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> Shrimp Fishery of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region § 622.201 South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rock shrimp limited access. (a) Commercial Vessel Permits for Rock Shrimp (South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> EEZ). For a person aboard a vessel...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5708198-chemistry-western-atlantic-precipitation-mid-atlantic-coast-bermuda','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5708198-chemistry-western-atlantic-precipitation-mid-atlantic-coast-bermuda"><span>Chemistry of Western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Precipitation at the Mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Coast and on Bermuda</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Church, T.M.; Galloway, J.N.; Jickells, T.D.</p> <p>1982-12-20</p> <p>The major ion composition of western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> precipitation falling at the coast of eastern United States (Lewes, Delaware) and at the Sargasso Sea (Bermuda Island) has been measured by event year round (May 1980 to April 1981) to assess the influence of the ocean on precipitation from storms that leave the North American continent and transit over the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Particular attention is paid to the oceanic influence on the sulfur and nitrogen precursors of 'acid rains.' While sea salt contributes over half (by weight) of the salt in precipitation at the coast and over three quarters at Bermuda, mostmore » of the sulfate (90% at the coast and 50% at Bermuda) is in excess to sea salt sodium. Since Bermuda precipitation is still acidified some factor of 8 relative to pure equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, this strong acidity has been attributed to the long-range transport sulfur and nitrogen precursors in the marine troposphere during which the sulfuric acid component dominates. A sulfur budget for the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> troposphere shows that of the total amount of sulfur exported from the North American continuent (>3.9 TgS/yr) less than 3% (0.1 TgS/yr) is from natural sources, the rest being from anthropogenic emissions. If Bermuda precipitation is taken as typical of wet fallout of sulfur over the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, then no more than half (<2 TgS/yr) of north American excess (nonsea salt) sulfur export falls out to the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and at least half undergoes potential transoceanic tranport as acid rain precursors to the east of Bermuda.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6851843-chemistry-western-atlantic-precipitation-mid-atlantic-coast-bermuda','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6851843-chemistry-western-atlantic-precipitation-mid-atlantic-coast-bermuda"><span>Chemistry of western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> precipitation at the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast and on Bermuda</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Church, T.M.; Galloway, J.N.; Jickells, T.D.</p> <p>1982-12-20</p> <p>The major ion composition of western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> precipitation falling at the coast of eastern United States (Lewes, Delaware) and at the Sargasso Sea (Bermuda Island) has been measured by event year round (May 1980 to April 1981) to assess the influence of the ocean on precipitation from storms that leave the North American continent and transit over the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Particular attention is paid to the oceanic influence on the sulfur and nitrogen precursors of acid rains. While sea salt contributes over half (by weight) of the salt in precipitation at the coast and over three quarters at Bermuda, mostmore » of the sulfate (90% at the coast and 50% at Bermuda) is in excess to sea salt sodium. Since Bermuda precipitation is still acidified some factor of 8 relative to pure equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, this strong acidity has been attributed to the long-range transport sulfur and nitrogen precursors in the marine troposphere during which the sulfuric acid component dominates. A sulfur budget for the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> troposphere shows that of the total amount of sulfur exported from the North American continent (>3.9 TgS/yr) less than 3% (0.1 TgS/yr) is from natural sources, the rest being from anthropogenic emissions. If Bermuda precipitation is taken as typical of wet fallout of sulfur over the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, then no more than half (<2 TgS/yr) of North American excess (nonsea salt) sulfur export falls out to the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and at least half undergoes potential transoceanic transport as acid rain precursors to the east of Bermuda.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4764861','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4764861"><span>The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>van Hengstum, Peter J.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Fall, Patricia L.; Toomey, Michael R.; Albury, Nancy A.; Kakuk, Brian</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Most <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9°N to 20°N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a <span class="hlt">period</span> of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin to an active hurricane interval. PMID:26906670</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A31J..06K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A31J..06K"><span>The Influence of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation on Tropospheric Distributions of Ozone and Carbon Monoxide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Knowland, K. E.; Doherty, R. M.; Hodges, K.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The influence of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) on the tropospheric distributions of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) has been quantified. The Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) Reanalysis, a combined meteorology and composition dataset for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 2003-2012 (Innes et al., 2013), is used to investigate the composition of the troposphere and lower stratosphere in relation to the location of the storm track as well as other meteorological parameters over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> associated with the different NAO phases. Cyclone tracks in the MACC Reanalysis compare well to the cyclone tracks in the widely-used ERA-Interim Reanalysis for the same 10-year <span class="hlt">period</span> (cyclone tracking performed using the tracking algorithm of Hodges (1995, 1999)), as both are based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS). A seasonal analysis is performed whereby the MACC reanalysis meteorological fields, O3 and CO mixing ratios are weighted by the monthly NAO index values. The location of the main storm track, which tilts towards high latitudes (toward the Arctic) during positive NAO phases to a more zonal location in the mid-latitudes (toward Europe) during negative NAO phases, impacts the location of both horizontal and vertical transport across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and into the Arctic. During positive NAO seasons, the persistence of cyclones over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coupled with a stronger Azores High promotes strong horizontal transport across the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> throughout the troposphere. In all seasons, significantly more intense cyclones occur at higher latitudes (north of ~50°C) during the positive phase of the NAO and in the southern mid-latitudes during the negative NAO phase. This impacts the location of stratospheric intrusions within the descending dry airstream behind the associated cold front of the extratropical cyclone and the venting of low-level pollution up into the free troposphere within</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP21B1792X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP21B1792X"><span>Abrupt changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water strength lead <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation changes during the last deglacial</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xie, R.; Marcantonio, F.; Schmidt, M. W.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Reorganization of meridional overturning circulation that is a response to or a trigger of climate change in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> has been a subject of intense interest. During the last deglaciation, cold <span class="hlt">periods</span> such as the Younger Dryas (YD) and Heinrich 1 (H1) are thought to be coincident with significant reductions in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW) formation. Yet, the role that Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) played during these cold events is still poorly constrained. Benthic Cd/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data from sediment cores in the Florida Straits suggest a reduced contribution of AAIW in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> western boundary current during the YD [1]. However, ɛNd evidence in sediment cores from Tobago basin suggests a greater influence of AAIW in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during YD and H1 [2]. In this study, we measure ɛNd values in the authigenic Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide fraction of sediment from three cores, KNR166-2-26JPC (24°19.62'N, 83°15.14'W; 546 m) and KNR166-2-31JPC (24°13.18'N, 83°17.75'W; 751 m) within the Florida Straits, and VM12-107 (11.33°N, 66.63°W; 1079 m) in the Southern Carribean Sea. All three cores lie within the path of AAIW and are, therefore, useful to gauge the waxing and waning of AAIW during the last deglaciation. Cores 26JPC and 31JPC are located within the Florida Current, which under modern conditions represents a mixture of recirculated North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subtropical gyre water and Southern origin waters. Our preliminary results from 26JPC and 31JPC show significantly less radiogenic ɛNd values during the YD and H1 than during the Holocene (~1 epsilon unit for 26JPC and ~0.6 epsilon units for 31JPC during both <span class="hlt">periods</span>). We interpret the lower ɛNd during the YD and H1 as signifying a decreased input of Southern-sourced waters (i.e., AAIW) arriving at these sites, in agreement with the study of Came et al.[1], but not that of Pahnke et al. in the Tobago Basin [2]. We suggest that ɛNd values in the latter study, in which the core site location is at a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.A31F..02K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.A31F..02K"><span>African aerosols and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclone activities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kafatos, M.; Sun, D.; Sahoo, A.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin major hurricane (MH) activity is associated with western Sahelian monsoon rainfall, while rainfall in the Sahel is found to be highly anti-correlated with the African dust storms. So if the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin MH activity may be anti-correlated with the African dust aerosols? In order to investigate the relationship between the African dust and the tropical cyclone (including both tropical storms and hurricanes) activities in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin, we explore how the African dust may link to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> TC activity by using the long-term (1982-2005) NCEP Reynolds sea surface temperature (SST) product, and tropical cyclone (TC) data from the National Hurricane Center Best Track Files, and the TOMS aerosol index (AI) data, because the TOMS AI positive values are associated with UV-absorbing aerosols, like dust and smoke. Although no significant negative correlation between the TOMS AI and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> TC or MH frequency and duration is found, the initial locations of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones did occur over the ocean where the aerosol loading was low. Our analysis shows that SST over the north tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ocean is anti-correlated with the TOMS aerosol index. This may be due to the radiative forcing of the aerosols. The effects of the dust aerosols carried across the West African region led to a lowering of SST and therefore inhibited tropical cyclogenesis. During 2005, the aerosol loading along the western African coast was unusually low, while the SST over the main development region (MDR) was abnormally high, and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> TC/hurricane activities became record strong. We propose future observations to test these results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988BAMS...69..161R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988BAMS...69..161R"><span>The Genesis of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Lows Experiment: The Planetary-Boundary-Layer Subprogram of GALE.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Raman, Sethu; Riordan, Allen J.</p> <p>1988-02-01</p> <p>The Genesis of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Lows Experiment (GALE), focused an intensive data-gathering effort along the mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast of the United States from 15 January through 15 March 1986. Here, the general objectives and experimental layout are described with special emphasis on the planetary-boundary-layer (PBL) component of GALE.Instrumentation is described for buoys, ships, research aircraft, and towers. The networks of the cross-chain long range aid to navigation (LORAN) atmospheric sounding system (CLASS) and the portable automated mesonet (PAM II) are described and their impact on the operation of GALE is outlined. Special use of dual-Doppler radar to obtain detailed wind measurements in the PBL is discussed.Preliminary analyses for a selected observational <span class="hlt">period</span> are given. Detailed observations of the offshore coastal front reveal direct mesoscale circulations imbedded in the frontal zone. Later in the <span class="hlt">period</span>, during an intense cold-air outbreak, sensible-heat and latent-heat fluxes over the coastal ocean each attain values of about 500 W · m2. Coordinated aircraft operations are outlined for this case and a few early findings are given.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAfES.141...22C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAfES.141...22C"><span>The Sidi Ifni transect across the rifted margin of Morocco (Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>): Vertical movements constrained by low-temperature thermochronology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Charton, Rémi; Bertotti, Giovanni; Arantegui, Angel; Bulot, Luc</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The occurrence of km-scale exhumations during syn- and post-rift stages has been documented along <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> continental margins, which are also characterised by basins undergoing substantial subsidence. The relationship between the exhuming and subsiding domains is poorly understood. In this study, we reconstruct the evolution of a 50 km long transect across the Moroccan rifted margin from the western Anti-Atlas to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin offshore the city of Sidi Ifni. Low-temperature thermochronology data from the Sidi Ifni area document a <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 8 km exhumation between the Permian and the Early/Middle Jurassic. The related erosion fed sediments to the subsiding Mesozoic basin to the NW. Basement rocks along the transect were subsequently buried by 1-2 km between the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. From late Early/Late Cretaceous onwards, rocks present along the transect were exhumed to their present-day position.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28892858','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28892858"><span>Spatiotemporal evolution of the chlorophyll a trend in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Min; Zhang, Yuanling; Shu, Qi; Zhao, Chang; Wang, Gang; Wu, Zhaohua; Qiao, Fangli</p> <p>2018-01-15</p> <p>Analyses of the chlorophyll a concentration (chla) from satellite ocean color products have suggested the decadal-scale variability of chla linked to the climate change. The decadal-scale variability in chla is both spatially and temporally non-uniform. We need to understand the spatiotemporal evolution of chla in decadal or multi-decadal timescales to better evaluate its linkage to climate variability. Here, the spatiotemporal evolution of the chla trend in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1997-2016 is analyzed using the multidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition method. We find that this variable trend signal of chla shows a dipole pattern between the subpolar gyre and along the Gulf Stream path, and propagation along the opposite direction of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current. This propagation signal has an overlapping variability of approximately twenty years. Our findings suggest that the spatiotemporal evolution of chla during the two most recent decades is part of the multidecadal variations and possibly regulated by the changes of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation, whereas the mechanisms of such evolution patterns still need to be explored. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4778016','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4778016"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs control regime shifts in forest fire activity of Northern Scandinavia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Drobyshev, Igor; Bergeron, Yves; Vernal, Anne de; Moberg, Anders; Ali, Adam A.; Niklasson, Mats</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Understanding the drivers of the boreal forest fire activity is challenging due to the complexity of the interactions driving fire regimes. We analyzed drivers of forest fire activity in Northern Scandinavia (above 60 N) by combining modern and proxy data over the Holocene. The results suggest that the cold climate in northern Scandinavia was generally characterized by dry conditions favourable to <span class="hlt">periods</span> of regionally increased fire activity. We propose that the cold conditions over the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, associated with low SSTs, expansion of sea ice cover, and the southward shift in the position of the subpolar gyre, redirect southward the precipitation over Scandinavia, associated with the westerlies. This dynamics strengthens high pressure systems over Scandinavia and results in increased regional fire activity. Our study reveals a previously undocumented teleconnection between large scale climate and ocean dynamics over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and regional boreal forest fire activity in Northern Scandinavia. Consistency of the pattern observed annually through millennium scales suggests that a strong link between <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST and fire activity on multiple temporal scales over the entire Holocene is relevant for understanding future fire activity across the European boreal zone. PMID:26940995</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...622532D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...622532D"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs control regime shifts in forest fire activity of Northern Scandinavia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drobyshev, Igor; Bergeron, Yves; Vernal, Anne De; Moberg, Anders; Ali, Adam A.; Niklasson, Mats</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Understanding the drivers of the boreal forest fire activity is challenging due to the complexity of the interactions driving fire regimes. We analyzed drivers of forest fire activity in Northern Scandinavia (above 60 N) by combining modern and proxy data over the Holocene. The results suggest that the cold climate in northern Scandinavia was generally characterized by dry conditions favourable to <span class="hlt">periods</span> of regionally increased fire activity. We propose that the cold conditions over the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, associated with low SSTs, expansion of sea ice cover, and the southward shift in the position of the subpolar gyre, redirect southward the precipitation over Scandinavia, associated with the westerlies. This dynamics strengthens high pressure systems over Scandinavia and results in increased regional fire activity. Our study reveals a previously undocumented teleconnection between large scale climate and ocean dynamics over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and regional boreal forest fire activity in Northern Scandinavia. Consistency of the pattern observed annually through millennium scales suggests that a strong link between <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST and fire activity on multiple temporal scales over the entire Holocene is relevant for understanding future fire activity across the European boreal zone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940995','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940995"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs control regime shifts in forest fire activity of Northern Scandinavia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Drobyshev, Igor; Bergeron, Yves; Vernal, Anne de; Moberg, Anders; Ali, Adam A; Niklasson, Mats</p> <p>2016-03-04</p> <p>Understanding the drivers of the boreal forest fire activity is challenging due to the complexity of the interactions driving fire regimes. We analyzed drivers of forest fire activity in Northern Scandinavia (above 60 N) by combining modern and proxy data over the Holocene. The results suggest that the cold climate in northern Scandinavia was generally characterized by dry conditions favourable to <span class="hlt">periods</span> of regionally increased fire activity. We propose that the cold conditions over the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, associated with low SSTs, expansion of sea ice cover, and the southward shift in the position of the subpolar gyre, redirect southward the precipitation over Scandinavia, associated with the westerlies. This dynamics strengthens high pressure systems over Scandinavia and results in increased regional fire activity. Our study reveals a previously undocumented teleconnection between large scale climate and ocean dynamics over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and regional boreal forest fire activity in Northern Scandinavia. Consistency of the pattern observed annually through millennium scales suggests that a strong link between <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST and fire activity on multiple temporal scales over the entire Holocene is relevant for understanding future fire activity across the European boreal zone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170003310','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170003310"><span>Saharan Dust as a Causal Factor of Significant Cloud Cover Along the Saharan Air Layer in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kishcha, Pavel; Da Silva, Arlindo M.; Starobinet, Boris; Alpert, Pinhas</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is frequently affected by Saharan dust intrusions. Based on MODIS cloud fraction (CF) data during the ten-year study <span class="hlt">period</span>, we found that these dust intrusions contribute to significant cloud cover along the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). Below the temperature inversion at the SAL's base, the presence of large amounts of settling dust particles, together with marine aerosols, produces meteorological conditions suitable for the formation of shallow stratocumulus clouds. The significant cloud fraction along the SAL together with clouds over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Inter-tropical Convergence Zone contributes to the 20% hemispheric CF asymmetry between the tropical North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. This leads to the imbalance in strong solar radiation, which reaches the sea surface between the tropical North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and, consequently, affects climate formation in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Therefore, despite the fact that, over the global ocean, there is no noticeable hemispheric asymmetry in cloud fraction, over the significant area such as the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> the hemispheric asymmetry in CF takes place. Saharan dust is also the major contributor to hemispheric aerosol asymmetry over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The NASA GEOS-5 model with aerosol data assimilation was used to extend the MERRA reanalysis with five atmospheric aerosol species (desert dust, sulfates, organic carbon, black carbon, and sea-salt). The obtained ten-year (2002 - 2012) MERRA-driven aerosol reanalysis dataset (aka MERRAero) showed that, over the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, dust and carbonaceous aerosols were distributed asymmetrically relative to the equator, while other aerosol species were distributed more symmetrically.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHE14A1382W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHE14A1382W"><span>Pathways of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Waters in the Nordic seas: locally eddy-permitting ocean simulation in a global setup</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wekerle, C.; Wang, Q.; Danilov, S.; Jung, T.; Schourup-Kristensen, V.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water (AW) passes through the Nordic Seas and enters the Arctic Ocean through the shallow Barents Sea and the deep Fram Strait. Since the 1990's, observations indicate a series of anomalously warm pulses of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water that entered the Arctic Ocean. In fact, poleward oceanic heat transport may even increase in the future, which might have implications for the heat uptake in the Arctic Ocean as well as for the sea ice cover. The ability of models to faithfully simulate the pathway of the AW and accompanying dynamics is thus of high climate relevance. In this study, we explore the potential of a global multi-resolution sea ice-ocean model with a locally eddy-permitting resolution (around 4.5 km) in the Nordic seas region and Arctic Ocean in improving the representation of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water inflow, and more broadly, the dynamics of the circulation in the Northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Arctic. The simulation covers the time <span class="hlt">period</span> 1969-2009. We find that locally increased resolution improves the localization and thickness of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water layer in the Nordic seas, compared with a 20 km resolution reference simulation. In particular, the inflow of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Waters through the Greenland Scotland Ridge and the narrow branches of the Norwegian <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current can be realistically represented. Lateral spreading due to simulated eddies essentially reduces the bias in the surface temperature. In addition, a qualitatively good agreement of the simulated eddy kinetic energy field with observations can be achieved. This study indicates that a substantial improvement in representing local ocean dynamics can be reached through the local refinement, which requires a rather moderate computational effort. The successful model assessment allows us to further investigate the variability and mechanisms behind <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water transport into the Arctic Ocean.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA087413','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA087413"><span>Non-<span class="hlt">Periodic</span> Helix TWT Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1980-05-01</p> <p>IA-A087 413 LITTON SYSTEMS INC SAN CARLOS <span class="hlt">CA</span> ELECTRON TUBE DIV F/6 9/1 NON-<span class="hlt">PERIODIC</span> HELIX TWT STUDY.(U) MAY 80 N00173-76C-014 UNCLASSIFIED ML...IEEEEEEmhEEI U-80 - ’l////////,, 11111 128 25 L1. = *""L 1- 1.8 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART ’IT-, ( (NO-<span class="hlt">PERIODIC</span> HELIX WTSTUDY0 I EXTENSION OF CONTRACT... Helix Circuit 4 - 2 Non-<span class="hlt">Periodic</span> Helix Structure 7 3 Unwound Tape for Non-<span class="hlt">Periodic</span> Helix 8 4 Typical Helix Assembly 10 5 Typical Ladder Assembly 11 6</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf"><span>22 CFR 120.31 - North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. 120.31 Section 120.31 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.31 North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization (NATO) is...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf"><span>22 CFR 120.31 - North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. 120.31 Section 120.31 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.31 North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization (NATO) is...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf"><span>22 CFR 120.31 - North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. 120.31 Section 120.31 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.31 North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization (NATO) is...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf"><span>22 CFR 120.31 - North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. 120.31 Section 120.31 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.31 North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization (NATO) is...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title22-vol1-sec120-31.pdf"><span>22 CFR 120.31 - North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. 120.31 Section 120.31 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.31 North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization. North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Treaty Organization (NATO) is...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..509V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..509V"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation footprint on global high cloud cover</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vaideanu, Petru; Dima, Mihai; Voiculescu, Mirela</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Due to the complexity of the physical processes responsible for cloud formation and to the relatively short satellite database of continuous data records, cloud behavior in a warming climate remains uncertain. Identifying physical links between climate modes and clouds would contribute not only to a better understanding of the physical processes governing their formation and dynamics, but also to an improved representation of the clouds in climate models. Here, we identify the global footprint of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on high cloud cover, with focus on the tropical and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, tropical Pacific and on the circum-Antarctic sector. In the tropical band, the sea surface temperature (SST) and high cloud cover (HCC) anomalies are positively correlated, indicating a dominant role played by convection in mediating the influence of the AMO-related SST anomalies on the HCC field. The negative SST-HCC correlation observed in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> could be explained by the reduced meridional temperature gradient induced by the AMO positive phase, which would be reflected in less storms and negative HCC anomalies. A similar negative SST-HCC correlation is observed around Antarctica. The corresponding negative correlation around Antarctica could be generated dynamically, as a response to the intensified upward motion in the Ferrel cell. Despite the inherent imperfection of the observed and reanalysis data sets, the AMO footprint on HCC is found to be robust to the choice of dataset, statistical method, and specific time <span class="hlt">period</span> considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012367','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012367"><span>High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the US <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> continental margin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Behrendt, John C.; Klitgord, Kim D.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>The US Geological Survey contracted a high-sensitivity, digital aeromagnetic survey that was flown over the US <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> continental margin over a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 15 months between 1974 and 1976. The 185 000 km of profile data have a relative accuracy approaching a few tenths of a nanotesla, which allowed compilation into maps at a scale of 1:250 000, with a contour interval of 2 nT. Automatic data processing using the Werner method allowed calculations of apparent depth to sources of the magnetic anomalies on all of the profiles, assuming a dike or interface as a source. Comparison of the computed depths to magnetic basement with multichannel seismic profiles across the survey area helped to reduce ambiguities in magnetic depth estimates and enabled interpolation of basement structures between seismic profiles. The resulting map showing depth to basement of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> continental margin is compatible with available multichannel seismic data, and we consider it a reasonable representation of the base of the sedimentary column. -Authors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3922759','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3922759"><span><span class="hlt">Ca</span> 125 and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 19-9: two cancer-associated sialylsaccharide antigens on a mucus glycoprotein from human milk.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hanisch, F G; Uhlenbruck, G; Dienst, C; Stottrop, M; Hippauf, E</p> <p>1985-06-03</p> <p>The cancer-associated antigens <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 125 and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 19-9 were demonstrated by radioimmunoassay to form structural units of a mucus glycoprotein in human milk taken from healthy women four days after parturition. The glycoprotein precipitated with the casein fraction at pH 4.6 and was completely absent in the whey as judged from <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 19-9 assay. It could be effectively enriched by phenol-saline extraction from soluble milk proteins and further purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S300 and Sephacryl S400. The active component with a bouyant density of 1.41 g/ml in isopycnic density gradient centrifugation (CsCl) shared common physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of mucus glycoproteins. Carbohydrates representing about 68% by weight were conjugated to protein by alkali-labile linkages, exclusively and were essentially free of D-mannose. Activities of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 125 and <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 19-9 were both destroyed by treatment with <span class="hlt">periodate</span>, mild alkali or neuraminidase suggesting the antigens are sialylated saccharides bound to protein by alkali-labile linkages. The fraction of monosialylated saccharide alditols isolated after reductive beta-elimination from the mucus glycoprotein was shown to inhibit monoclonal antibodies anti-(<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 125) and anti-(<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 19-9) in radioimmunoassay.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSME13A..04L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSME13A..04L"><span>Potential Impact of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Climate Variability on Ocean Biogeochemical Processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Y.; Muhling, B.; Lee, S. K.; Muller-Karger, F. E.; Enfield, D. B.; Lamkin, J. T.; Roffer, M. A.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that upper ocean circulations largely determine primary production in the euphotic layers, here the global ocean model with biogeochemistry (GFDL's Modular Ocean Model with TOPAZ biogeochemistry) forced with the ERA-Interim is used to simulate the natural variability of biogeochemical processes in global ocean during 1979-present. Preliminary results show that the surface chlorophyll is overall underestimated in MOM-TOPAZ, but its spatial pattern is fairly realistic. Relatively high chlorophyll variability is shown in the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, northeastern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Further analysis suggests that the chlorophyll variability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is affected by long-term climate variability. For the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region, the chlorophyll variability is light-limited and is significantly correlated with North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation. A dipole pattern of chlorophyll variability is found between the northeastern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. For the northeastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the chlorophyll variability is significantly correlated with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Mode (AMM) and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). During the negative phase of AMM and AMO, the increased trade wind in the northeast North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> can lead to increased upwelling of nutrients. In the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region, the chlorophyll variability is largely link to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Niño and associated equatorial upwelling of nutrients. The potential impact of climate variability on the distribution of pelagic fishes (i.e. yellowfin tuna) are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1931S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1931S"><span>Impact of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> dipole on climate changes over Eurasia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Serykh, Ilya</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Hydrophysical and meteorological characteristics of negative (1948-1976, 1999-2015) and positive (1977-1998) phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) / Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Eurasia are constructed and investigated. Specifically, the near-surface temperature, sea-level atmospheric pressure, wind speed, heat content of the upper 700 m ocean layer, water temperature and salinity at various depths, the latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere are analyzed. The fields obtained from different sources (20thC_ReanV2c, ERA-20C, JRA-55, NCEP/NCAR, HadCRUT4, HadSLP2, NODC, Ishii, SODA, OAFlux, HadSST3, COBE2, ERSSTv4) are in good agreement and complement each other. This gives important information about the hydrometeorological conditions in the region under study. Analysis of these data has shown that in the upper 1000 m North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> layer there is a thermal dipole which can be interpreted as an oceanic analog of the atmospheric North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). An index of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Dipole (NAD) as the difference between the mean heat contents in the upper 700 m oceanic layer between the regions (50°-70° N; 60°-10° W) and (20°-40° N; 80°-30° W) is proposed. A possible physical mechanism of the internal oscillations with a quasi-60-year <span class="hlt">period</span> in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantics</span>-Eurasia system of ocean-atmosphere interactions is discussed. Dipole spatial structure from observations datasets and re-analyses were compared with the results of the Historical Experiment from the climate models of the CMIP5 project. It is found that several climate models reproduce dipole spatial structure of the near-surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies similarly to these fields in the re-analyses considered. However, the phase diagrams of the gradient of near-surface temperature and sea level pressure between the Azores High and Island Low from climate models do not separate on subsets as the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP21A2268T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPP21A2268T"><span>Upper Ocean Circulation in the Glacial Northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during Heinrich Stadials Ice-Sheet Retreat</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Toucanne, S.; Soulet, G.; Bosq, M.; Marjolaine, S.; Zaragosi, S.; Bourillet, J. F.; Bayon, G.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Intermediate ocean water variability is involved in climate changes over geological timescales. As a prominent example, changes in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subsurface water properties (including warming) during Heinrich Stadials may have triggered the so-called Heinrich events through ice-shelf loss and attendant ice-stream acceleration. While the origin of Heinrich Stadials and subsequent iceberg calving remains controversial, paleoceanographic research efforts mainly focus on the deep <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning, leaving the upper ocean largely unexplored. To further evaluate variability in upper ocean circulation and its possible relationship with ice-sheet instabilities, a depth-transect of eight cores (BOBGEO and GITAN-TANDEM cruises) from the Northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (down to 2 km water depth) have been used to investigate kinematic and chemical changes in the upper ocean during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>. Our results reveal that near-bottom flow speeds (reconstructed by using sortable silt mean grain-size and X-ray fluorescence core-scanner Zr/Rb ratio) and water-masses chemistry (carbon and neodymium isotopes performed on foraminifera) substantially changed in phase with the millennial-scale climate changes recognized in the ice-core records. Our results are compared with paleoceanographic reconstructions of the 'Western Boundary Undercurrent' in order to discuss regional hydrographic differences at both sides of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, as well as with the fluctuations of both the marine- (through ice-rafted debris) and terrestrial-terminating ice-streams (through meltwater discharges) of the circum-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ice-sheets. Particular attention will be given to the Heinrich Stadials and concomitant Channel River meltwater discharges into the Northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in response to the melting of the European Ice-Sheet. This comparison helps to disentangle the cryosphere-ocean interactions throughout the last ice age, and the sequence of events occurring in the course of the Heinrich Stadials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AREPS..46..327F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AREPS..46..327F"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Pacific Asymmetry in Deep Water Formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ferreira, David; Cessi, Paola; Coxall, Helen K.; de Boer, Agatha; Dijkstra, Henk A.; Drijfhout, Sybren S.; Eldevik, Tor; Harnik, Nili; McManus, Jerry F.; Marshall, David P.; Nilsson, Johan; Roquet, Fabien; Schneider, Tapio; Wills, Robert C.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>While the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is ventilated by high-latitude deep water formation and exhibits a pole-to-pole overturning circulation, the Pacific Ocean does not. This asymmetric global overturning pattern has persisted for the past 2–3 million years, with evidence for different ventilation modes in the deeper past. In the current climate, the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Pacific asymmetry occurs because the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is more saline, enabling deep convection. To what extent the salinity contrast between the two basins is dominated by atmospheric processes (larger net evaporation over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>) or oceanic processes (salinity transport into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>) remains an outstanding question. Numerical simulations have provided support for both mechanisms; observations of the present climate support a strong role for atmospheric processes as well as some modulation by oceanic processes. A major avenue for future work is the quantification of the various processes at play to identify which mechanisms are primary in different climate states.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A51H2178C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A51H2178C"><span>Using trajectories to explain the moisture budget asymmetry between the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific Oceans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Craig, P.; Ferreira, D.; Methven, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The net surface water flux (evaporation minus precipitation minus runoff, E-P-R) of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean is approximately 0.4 - 0.6 Sv (1 Sv = 109 kg s-1) larger than that of the Pacific Ocean, as shown in atmospheric and oceanic reanalyses and by oceanographic estimates. This asymmetry is linked to the asymmetry in sea surface salinity and the existence of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation. It is shown that the reason for the asymmetry in E-P-R is greater precipitation per unit area over the Pacific south of 30N, while evaporation rates are similar over both basins. It is further argued that the Pacific Ocean is anomalous compared to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Indian Oceans in terms of atmospheric moisture flux convergence and precipitation across the tropics and subtropics. To clarify the mechanism by which water vapour is exported out of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin and imported into the Pacific, we use an air mass trajectory model driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis. Using 12-hourly releases of 14-day back trajectories on the boundaries of ocean drainage basins over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 2010-2014, we are able to partition the atmospheric moisture fluxes between basins according to their origins (i.e. last contact with the boundary layer). We show that at most a quarter of the E-P-R asymmetry is explained by higher moisture export to the Arctic and Southern basins from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> than from the Pacific. The main contributions come from differences in the longitudinal atmospheric transport of moisture between the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Indian and Pacific basins. In particular, during the Asian summer monsoon the recurvature of the low level flow in the Somali Jet results in a much weaker westward moisture transport from the Indian into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin than across Central America (where it is similar to the zonal average) while there is stronger eastward transport from the Indian to Pacific basins. The net effect is stronger moisture convergence into the Pacific, but weaker into the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-13/pdf/2011-23373.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-13/pdf/2011-23373.pdf"><span>76 FR 56322 - <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Surfclam and Ocean Quahog Fisheries; 2012 Fishing Quotas for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Surfclams and...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-13</p> <p>.... 101013504-0610-02] RIN 0648-XA529 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Surfclam and Ocean Quahog Fisheries; 2012 Fishing Quotas for.... ACTION: Temporary rule. SUMMARY: NMFS suspends the minimum size limit for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> surfclams for the 2012... 2012 will remain status quo. Regulations governing these fisheries require NMFS to notify the public in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5020648','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5020648"><span>Linkages between atmospheric blocking, sea ice export through Fram Strait and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ionita, M.; Scholz, P.; Lohmann, G.; Dima, M.; Prange, M.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>As a key persistent component of the atmospheric dynamics, the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> blocking activity has been linked to extreme climatic phenomena in the European sector. It has also been linked to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal ocean variability, but its potential links to rapid oceanic changes have not been investigated. Using a global ocean-sea ice model forced with atmospheric reanalysis data, here it is shown that the 1962–1966 <span class="hlt">period</span> of enhanced blocking activity over Greenland resulted in anomalous sea ice accumulation in the Arctic and ended with a sea ice flush from the Arctic into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean through Fram Strait. This event induced a significant decrease of Labrador Sea water surface salinity and an abrupt weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the 1970s. These results have implications for the prediction of rapid AMOC changes and indicate that an important part of the atmosphere-ocean dynamics at mid- and high latitudes requires a proper representation of the Fram Strait sea ice transport and of the synoptic scale variability such as atmospheric blocking, which is a challenge for current coupled climate models. PMID:27619955</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27619955','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27619955"><span>Linkages between atmospheric blocking, sea ice export through Fram Strait and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ionita, M; Scholz, P; Lohmann, G; Dima, M; Prange, M</p> <p>2016-09-13</p> <p>As a key persistent component of the atmospheric dynamics, the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> blocking activity has been linked to extreme climatic phenomena in the European sector. It has also been linked to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal ocean variability, but its potential links to rapid oceanic changes have not been investigated. Using a global ocean-sea ice model forced with atmospheric reanalysis data, here it is shown that the 1962-1966 <span class="hlt">period</span> of enhanced blocking activity over Greenland resulted in anomalous sea ice accumulation in the Arctic and ended with a sea ice flush from the Arctic into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean through Fram Strait. This event induced a significant decrease of Labrador Sea water surface salinity and an abrupt weakening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the 1970s. These results have implications for the prediction of rapid AMOC changes and indicate that an important part of the atmosphere-ocean dynamics at mid- and high latitudes requires a proper representation of the Fram Strait sea ice transport and of the synoptic scale variability such as atmospheric blocking, which is a challenge for current coupled climate models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120009088','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120009088"><span>Coherent Multidecadal Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Blocking Corresponds with Warm Subpolar Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hakkinen, Sirpa M.; Rhines, P. B.; Worthen, D. L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Winters with frequent atmospheric blocking, in a band of latitudes from Greenland to Western Europe, are found to persist over several decades and correspond to a warm North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. This is evident in atmospheric reanalysis data, both modern and for the full 20th century. Blocking is approximately in phase with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal ocean variability (AMV). Wintertime atmospheric blocking involves a highly distorted jetstream, isolating large regions of air from the westerly circulation. It influences the ocean through windstress-curl and associated air/sea heat flux. While blocking is a relatively high-frequency phenomenon, it is strongly modulated over decadal timescales. The blocked regime (weaker ocean gyres, weaker air-sea heat flux, paradoxically increased transport of warm subtropical waters poleward) contributes to the warm phase of AMV. Atmospheric blocking better describes the early 20thC warming and 1996-2010 warm <span class="hlt">period</span> than does the NAO index. It has roots in the hemispheric circulation and jet stream dynamics. Subpolar <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> variability covaries with distant AMOC fields: both these connections may express the global influence of the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ocean on the global climate system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=hydra&id=EJ939024','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=hydra&id=EJ939024"><span>The Red <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Transoceanic Cultural Exchanges</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Weaver, Jace</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The development of David Armitage's "white <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>" history parallels the Cold War origins of American studies with its mission to define and promote "American culture" or "American civilization." British scholar Paul Gilroy's "The Black <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>" served as a necessary corrective. Armitage's statement leads…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/21267','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/21267"><span>Restoration practicesin Brazil's <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rainforest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Jorge Correa de Lima Palidon; Maisa dos Santos Guapyassu</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">atlantic</span> Rain Forst (Mata Atlantica) extends along the southern coast of Brazil and inland into Argentina and Paraguay. Originally covering 15% of the land area of Brazil, it was a region of an estimated 1.3 million km2 (MMA 2000). Today, remnants of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Forest represents about 8% of the original area, or some 94,000 km2...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528540','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528540"><span>Chemical trends in background air quality and the ionic composition of precipitation for the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1980-2004 from samples collected at Valentia Observatory, Co. Kerry, Ireland.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bashir, Wasim; McGovern, Frank; O'Brien, Phillip; Ryan, Margaret; Burke, Liam; Paull, Brett</p> <p>2008-06-01</p> <p>A major Irish study, based upon more than 8000 samples collected over the measurement <span class="hlt">period</span> of 22 years, for sulfur dioxide (SO2-S), sulfate (SO4-S) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2-N) concentrations (microg m(-3)) within air, and the ionic composition of precipitation samples based on sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-S), non-sea salt sulfate (nssSO4-S), ammonium (NH4-N), and nitrate (NO3-N) weighted mean concentrations (mg l(-1)), has been completed. For the air samples, the sulfur dioxide and sulfate concentrations decreased over the sampling <span class="hlt">period</span> (1980-2004) by 75% and 45%, respectively, whereas no significant trend was observed for nitrogen dioxide. The highest concentrations for sulfur dioxide, sulfate and nitrogen dioxide were associated with wind originating from the easterly and northeasterly directions i.e. those influenced by Irish and European sources. The lowest concentrations were associated with the westerly directions i.e. for air masses originating in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region. This was further verified with the use of backward (back) trajectory analysis, which allowed tracing the movement of air parcels using the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA-40 re-analysis data. High non-sea salt sulfate levels were being associated with air masses originating from Europe (easterlies) with lower levels from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (westerlies). With the precipitation data, analysis of the non-sea salt sulfate concentrations showed a decrease by 47% since the measurements commenced.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/2000009','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/2000009"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon brood stock management and breeding handbook</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kincaid, Harold L.; Stanley, Jon G.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Anadromus runs of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon have been restored to the Connecticut, Merrimack, Pawcatuck, Penobscot, and St. Croix rivers in New England by the stocking of more than 8 million smolts since 1948. Fish-breeding methods have been developed that minimize inbreeding and domestication and enhance natural selection. Methods are available to advance the maturation of brood stock, control the sex of production lots and store gametes. Current hatchery practices emphasize the use of sea-run brood stock trapped upon return to the rivers and a limited number of captive brood stock and rejuvenated kelts. Fish are allowed to mature naturally, after which they are spawned and incubated artificially. Generally, 1-year smolts are produced, and excess fish are stocked as fry in headwater streams. Smolts are stocked during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of rising water in spring. Self-release pools are planned that enable smolts to choose the emigration time. Culturists keep good records that permit evaluation of the performance of strains and the effects of breeding practices. As <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon populations expand, culturists must use sound breeding methods that enhance biotic potential while maintaining genetic diversity and protecting unique gene pools.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP22B..08H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPP22B..08H"><span>A 400-kyr record of millennial-scale carbonate preservation events in the Southern Ocean: Implications for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation and atmospheric CO2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hodell, D. A.; Vautravers, M. J.; Barker, S.; Charles, C.; Crowhurst, S.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Hodell et al. (2001) suggested that carbonate preservation in the deep Cape Basin represented a qualitative, high-resolution record of the temporal evolution of the carbonate saturation state of the deep sea. The carbonate signal reflects both transient events in the redistribution of alkalinity and DIC in the deep ocean and steady-state mass balance processes. Here we re-analyzed the carbonate records of Sites 1089/TN057-21 using an Avaatech XRF core scanner and measured elemental variations at 2.5-mm resolution for the past 400 kyrs. Log <span class="hlt">Ca</span>/Ti is highly correlated to weight percent carbonate content and other dissolution proxies and resolves millennial-scale events in carbonate preservation. A high-pass filter removes the low-frequency (orbital) variability in carbonate preservation, which is attributed mainly to steady-state mass balance processes. The high-frequency (suborbital) component reflects transient responses to the redistribution of carbonate ion that is related mainly to changing deep-water circulation. During the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>, distinct millennial-scale increases in carbonate preservation in piston core TN057-21 occurred during times of enhanced <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overtunring Circulation (AMOC) (Barker et al., 2010; Barker and Diz, 2014), as supported by increases in benthic δ13C and less radiogenic ɛNd values. Carbonate preservation peaked particularly during long, warm interstadials in Greenland when a deep water mass with high carbonate ion concentration was formed in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Export of NADW may have been greater than the Holocene during some of these events ("overshoots") and/or preformed carbonate ion concentrations in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> source areas may have been higher owing to lower atmospheric CO2 and less carbonate production in surface water. Each South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> carbonate peak is associated with the start of Antarctic cooling and declining or leveling of atmospheric CO2, reflecting the signature of a thermal bipolar seesaw</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80289&keyword=rate+AND+change+AND+frequency&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80289&keyword=rate+AND+change+AND+frequency&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>INDICATORS OF CHANGE IN THE MID-<span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> WATERSHEDS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE IN UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The rate of change in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric temperature in the past century relative to the preceding millennium strongly suggests that we are in a <span class="hlt">period</span> of rapid global climate change. The mid-<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region is quite sensitive to larger scale climate variation, which...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/micropal/article-lookup/26/1/49','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/micropal/article-lookup/26/1/49"><span>Diatoms and stratigraphically significant silicoflagellates from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Margin Coring Project and other <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> margin sites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Abbott, W.H.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>In 1976, 19 sites were cored along the U.S. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Continental Shelf and Slope by the Oceanographic Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey aboard the Glomar Conception. Only 6 sites contained siliceous microfossil assemblages of sufficient quantity and quality for biostratigraphic study. Two of the sites, AMCOR (<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Margin Coring Project) 6002 and AMCOR 6011, contained good Miocene assemblages: a small Pleistocene assemblage occurred at the top of AMCOR 6002. A Late Miocene to Early Pliocene assemblage was encountered in AMCOR 6007B. AMCOR 6013, 6019, and 6021 contained Pleistocene assemblages. In addition to the AMCOR cores, 3 additional <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Margin cores were studied. These were the JOIDES 1 (Caldrill) core, and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Slope Project (ASP) cores 10 and 22. JOIDES 1 contains a Middle Miocene assemblage similar to AMCOR 6002. ASP 10 contains a Lower Pliocene assemblage and ASP 22 contains a Middle to Late Oligocene and a Pleistocene assemblage. Siliceous assemblages at all sites consisted mainly of shallow shelf species, including brackish and marine benthics and occasionally freshwater forms. Although planktonic forms were present, they were few and most were extant cosmopolitan species. This makes it difficult to correlate the biostratigraphy of the sediments with siliceous microfossil zonations from other oceans. The only biostratigraphic zonations for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Shelf diatom assemblages are for the Miocene.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1817440B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1817440B"><span>Natural and anthropogenic forcing of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclone track position since 1550 A.D.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baldini, Lisa; Baldini, James; McElwaine, Jim; Frappier, Amy; Asmerom, Yemane; Liu, Kam-biu; Prufer, Keith; Ridley, Harriet; Polyak, Victor; Kennett, Douglas; Macpherson, Colin; Aquino, Valorie; Awe, Jamie; Breitenbach, Sebastian</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Over the last 30 years, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones (TC) have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration in response to rising North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperatures (SST). Here we present a 450-year record of western Caribbean TC activity reconstructed using subannually-resolved carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in a stalagmite from Yok Balum Cave, southern Belize. Western Caribbean TC activity peaked at 1650 A.D. coincident with maximum Little Ice Age cooling and decreased gradually to 1983 A.D. (the end of the record). Comparison with existing basin-wide reconstructions reveals that the dominant TC tracks corridor migrated from the western Caribbean toward the North American east coast through time. A close link with <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) exists throughout the record but with a clear polarity shift in the TC-AMO relationship at 1870 A.D., coincident with industrialisation. We suggest that the cause of this reversal is Greenhouse gas and aerosol emission induced changes in the relationship between the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the Bermuda High between the modern warm <span class="hlt">period</span> and the Pre-Industrial Era. The likely impact of continued anthropogenic forcing of TC track on population centres of the western North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Caribbean will be addressed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18365003','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18365003"><span>Isotope analysis reveals foraging area dichotomy for <span class="hlt">atlantic</span> leatherback turtles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Caut, Stéphane; Fossette, Sabrina; Guirlet, Elodie; Angulo, Elena; Das, Krishna; Girondot, Marc; Georges, Jean-Yves</p> <p>2008-03-26</p> <p>The leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) has undergone a dramatic decline over the last 25 years, and this is believed to be primarily the result of mortality associated with fisheries bycatch followed by egg and nesting female harvest. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> leatherback turtles undertake long migrations across ocean basins from subtropical and tropical nesting beaches to productive frontal areas. Migration between two nesting seasons can last 2 or 3 years, a time <span class="hlt">period</span> termed the remigration interval (RI). Recent satellite transmitter data revealed that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> leatherbacks follow two major dispersion patterns after nesting season, through the North Gulf Stream area or more eastward across the North Equatorial Current. However, information on the whole RI is lacking, precluding the accurate identification of feeding areas where conservation measures may need to be applied. Using stable isotopes as dietary tracers we determined the characteristics of feeding grounds of leatherback females nesting in French Guiana. During migration, 3-year RI females differed from 2-year RI females in their isotope values, implying differences in their choice of feeding habitats (offshore vs. more coastal) and foraging latitude (North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> vs. West African coasts, respectively). Egg-yolk and blood isotope values are correlated in nesting females, indicating that egg analysis is a useful tool for assessing isotope values in these turtles, including adults when not available. Our results complement previous data on turtle movements during the first year following the nesting season, integrating the diet consumed during the year before nesting. We suggest that the French Guiana leatherback population segregates into two distinct isotopic groupings, and highlight the urgent need to determine the feeding habitats of the turtle in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in order to protect this species from incidental take by commercial fisheries. Our results also emphasize the use of eggs, a less-invasive sampling</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.4396N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.4396N"><span>The early Holocene humid <span class="hlt">period</span> in the Tayma palaeolake, NW Arabian Peninsula -- A high-resolution micro-facies and geochemical approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Neugebauer, Ina; Plessen, Birgit; Dinies, Michèle; Engel, Max; Tjallingii, Rik; Brauer, Achim</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The Tayma palaeolake is a rare archive of the early Holocene humid <span class="hlt">period</span> in northern Arabia (Dinies et al. 2015; Engel et al. 2012). Here we present a <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1 m thick and 500 years spanning annually laminated sediment section that was deposited in the centre of the former lake from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 8500 to 8000 calibrated years (cal. yrs) BP, as determined by AMS 14C dating of pollen concentrates (Dinies et al. 2015). High-resolution micro-facies analyses based on thin section microscopy, μXRF element scanning, δ18Ocarb and δ13Ccarb measurements on single carbonate laminae, as well as geochemical measurements on bulk samples for TOC, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>CO3, C/N ratio, δ18Ocarb, δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg and δ15N determination were performed in order to investigate the sedimentological and geochemical changes along the varved sequence in great detail. The finely laminated marl sediments are mainly composed of sub-mm thick laminae of endogenic aragonite, organic matter and diatoms, as well as occasional, often graded silt-clay layers. Following an early lake phase from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 8700 to 8500 cal. yrs BP characterized by coarsely laminated, presumably non-annual marl sediments that are rich in ostracods, three main varved phases can be distinguished within the investigated section: (1) aragonitic-organic varves from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 8500 to 8300 cal. yrs BP, (2) diatom-organic varves from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 8300 to 8100 cal. yrs BP that frequently include aragonite laminae and occasionally gastropod and ostracod shells, and (3) organic varves from <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 8100 to 8000 cal. yrs BP with decreasing diatom and aragonite laminae and an increasing frequency of gypsum layers. After this <span class="hlt">period</span>, gypsum becomes abundant and fine lamination appears only sporadically. In addition, we observe increasing trends of TOC, C/N and δ13Ccarb and decreasing δ18Ocarb during phase 1 and excess δ18Ocarb, δ13Ccarb and TOC values during phase 2, pointing towards the maximum lake productivity and increased seasonal precipitation. We interpret this</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70011148','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70011148"><span>Turbidity distribution in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Eittreim, S.; Thorndike, E.M.; Sullivan, L.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>The regional coverage of Lamont nephelometer data in the North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> can be used to map seawater turbidity at all depths. At the level of the clearest water, in the mid-depth regions, the turbidity distribution primarily reflects the pattern of productivity in the surface waters. This suggests that the 'background' turbidity level in the oceans is largely a function of biogenic fallout. The bottom waters of the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> generally exhibit large increases in turbidity. The most intense benthic nepheloid layers are in the southwestern Argentine basin and northern North American basin; the lowest bottom water turbidity in the western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is in the equatorial regions. Both the Argentine and North American basin bottom waters appear to derive their high turbidity largely from local resuspension of terrigenous input in these basins. In contrast to the west, the eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basins show very low turbidities with the exception of three regions: the Mediterranean outflow area, the Cape basin, and the West European basin. ?? 1976.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA141763','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA141763"><span>Geothermal Potential of Ascension Island, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1982-11-05</p> <p>7AD-A141 763 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL OF ASCENSION ISLAND SOUTH <span class="hlt">ATLANTIC</span> 1/1. (U) UTAH UNIV RESEARCH IN T SALT LAKE CITY EARTH U LfIS SCIENCE LAB D L...STANDARDS 1%A A ~ 7- ESMC-TR-83-02 Geothermal Potential Of Ascension Island, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Dennis L. Nielson Bruce S. Sibbett University Of Utah...Security Classification) Geothermal Potential of Ascension Island, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> 12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Dennis L. Neilson and Bruce S. Sibbett IIa TYPE</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167595','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167595"><span>Seasonal variations in C:N:Si:<span class="hlt">Ca</span>:P:Mg:S:K:Fe relationships of seston from Norwegian coastal water: Impact of extreme offshore forcing during winter-spring 2010.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Erga, Svein Rune; Haugen, Stig Bjarte; Bratbak, Gunnar; Egge, Jorun Karin; Heldal, Mikal; Mork, Kjell Arne; Norland, Svein</p> <p>2017-11-20</p> <p>The aim of this study was to reveal the relative content of C, N, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>, Si, P, Mg, K, S and Fe in seston particles in Norwegian coastal water (NCW), and how it relates to biological and hydrographic processes during seasonal cycles from October 2009-March 2012. The following over all stoichiometric relationship for the time series was obtained: C 66 N 11 Si 3.4 <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2.3 P 1 Mg 0.73 S 0.37 K 0.35 Fe 0.30 , which is novel for marine waters. A record-breaking (187-year record) negative North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) index caused extreme physical forcing on the Norwegian Coastal Current Water (NCCW) during the winter 2009-2010, and the inflow and upwelling of saline <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water (AW) in the fjord was thus extraordinary during late spring-early summer in 2010. The element concentrations in fjord seston particles responded strongly to this convection, revealed by maximum values of all elements, except Fe, exceeding average values with 10.8 × for <span class="hlt">Ca</span>, 9.3 for K, 5.3 for S, 5.1 for Mg, 4.6 for Si, 4.0 for P, 3.8 for C, and 3.3 for N and Fe. This indicates that the signature of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> inflow was roughly two times stronger for <span class="hlt">Ca</span> and K than for the others, probably connected with peaks in coccolithophorids and diatoms. There is, however, 1.5 × more of Si than <span class="hlt">Ca</span> contained in the seston, which could be due to a stronger dominance of diatoms than coccolithophorids, confirming their environmental fitness. In total our data do not indicate any severe nutrient limitation with respect to N, P and Fe, but accumulation of iron by Fe-sequestering bacteria might at times reduce the availability of the dissolved Fe-fraction. There is a high correlation between most of the measured elements, except for <span class="hlt">Ca</span>, which together with Fe only weakly correlated with the other elements. It is to be expected that environmental alterations in NCW related to climate change will influence the seston elemental composition, but the full effect of this will be strongly dependent on the future</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol8/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol8-sec600-520.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol8/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol8-sec600-520.pdf"><span>50 CFR 600.520 - Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. 600.520... Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. (a) Purpose. Sections 600.520 and 600.525 regulate all foreign fishing conducted under a GIFA within the EEZ in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean north of 35°00′ N. lat. (b) Authorized fishery...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title50-vol12-sec600-520.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title50-vol12-sec600-520.pdf"><span>50 CFR 600.520 - Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. 600.520... Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. (a) Purpose. Sections 600.520 and 600.525 regulate all foreign fishing conducted under a GIFA within the EEZ in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean north of 35°00′ N. lat. (b) Authorized fishery...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title50-vol12-sec600-520.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title50-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title50-vol12-sec600-520.pdf"><span>50 CFR 600.520 - Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. 600.520... Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. (a) Purpose. Sections 600.520 and 600.525 regulate all foreign fishing conducted under a GIFA within the EEZ in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean north of 35°00′ N. lat. (b) Authorized fishery...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol10-sec600-520.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title50-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title50-vol10-sec600-520.pdf"><span>50 CFR 600.520 - Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. 600.520... Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean fishery. (a) Purpose. Sections 600.520 and 600.525 regulate all foreign fishing conducted under a GIFA within the EEZ in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean north of 35°00′ N. lat. (b) Authorized fishery...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16774201','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16774201"><span><span class="hlt">Periodic</span> pulses of calcium ions in a chemical system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kurin-Csörgei, Krisztina; Epstein, Irving R; Orban, Miklós</p> <p>2006-06-22</p> <p>By coupling the bromate-sulfite-ferrocyanide oscillating chemical reaction with the complexation of calcium ion by EDTA, we construct a system that generates <span class="hlt">periodic</span> pulses of free <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) with an amplitude of 2 orders of magnitude and a <span class="hlt">period</span> of <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 20 min. These pulses may be observed either with a calcium ion-selective electrode or with Arsenazo(III) as an indicator. We describe the systematic design procedure and the properties of this first abiotic calcium-based chemical oscillator.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ESASP.614E..34G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ESASP.614E..34G"><span>Interannual Variation of Sea Level in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Based on Satellite Altimetry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grodsky, S. A.; Carton, J. A.</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>13 years of altimeter month ly sea level ar e used to explore interannual variability of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The strongest v ariability outside the eastern and western boundaries is conf ined to a relatively narrow zonally oriented band b etw een 35°S and 25°S, the Agulhas eddy corridor. On th eir way across th e South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> th e Agulh as eddies g ain energy on the southern flank of the eddy corridor via baro tropic conversions by deceler ating the South Atlan tic Curren t. On interannual time scales the sea level in the corridor fluctu ates out of phase in the w est and east r evealing noticeab le v ariations of 10 cm amp litude at 4 to 5 year <span class="hlt">periods</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52E..04L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52E..04L"><span>Improved Decadal Climate Prediction in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> using EnOI-Assimilated Initial Condition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Q.; Xin, X.; Wei, M.; Zhou, W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Decadal prediction experiments of Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 1.1(BCC-CSM1.1) participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) had poor skill in extratropics of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the initialization of which was done by relaxing modeled ocean temperature to the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis data. This study aims to improve the prediction skill of this model by using the assimilation technique in the initialization. New ocean data are firstly generated by assimilating the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) dataset to the ocean model of BCC-CSM1.1 via Ensemble Optimum Interpolation (EnOI). Then a suite of decadal re-forecasts launched annually over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1961-2005 is carried out with simulated ocean temperature restored to the assimilated ocean data. Comparisons between the re-forecasts and previous CMIP5 forecasts show that the re-forecasts are more skillful in mid-to-high latitude SST of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Improved prediction skill is also found for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), which is consistent with the better skill of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) predicted by the re-forecasts. We conclude that the EnOI assimilation generates better ocean data than the SODA reanalysis for initializing decadal climate prediction of BCC-CSM1.1 model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2293617','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2293617"><span>Angiotensin II effects on the cytosolic free <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ concentration in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells: kinetic properties of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ transient measured in single fura-2-loaded cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Monck, J R; Williamson, R E; Rogulja, I; Fluharty, S J; Williamson, J R</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The effect of angiotensin II on the cytosolic free <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ concentration was measured in single mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells loaded with fura-2. Angiotensin II induced a transient concentration-dependent increase in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ and also increased the production of inositol polyphosphates. The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ increase did not require extracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ and was unaffected by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. These data suggest that angiotensin II increased <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ by an inositol trisphosphate-mediated release of intracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ following activation of phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin-insensitive guanine nucleotide binding protein. Similar results were obtained with bradykinin. The angiotensin II- or bradykinin-induced increase in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ occurred after a concentration-dependent latent <span class="hlt">period</span>. Low concentrations of agonist elicited a small increase in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ following a variable lag that sometimes exceeded 1 min, whereas at maximally effective angiotensin II concentrations a larger, more rapid increase in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ occurred without a measurable delay. In some cells, oscillatory increases in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ were induced by angiotensin II and bradykinin. Possible mechanisms to explain the concentration dependency of the latent <span class="hlt">period</span> and the oscillatory nature of the increases of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ are discussed. These results indicate that the mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cell represents a useful model for studying the signal response transduction mechanisms regulating the effects of angiotensin II in neuronal cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1619G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1619G"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water transformation in the Nordic Seas and its influence on the export rate of the Overflow Waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Garcia Quintana, Yarisbel; Wiesner, Pia; Hu, Xianmin; Myers, Paul</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The Nordic Seas (NS) are the main gateway between the Arctic and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oceans. The basin can be considered as the headwaters for the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), for it is there that the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) and the Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) acquire their properties. Their inflow into the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean occurs across the Greenland-Scotland ridge. Together with Labrador Sea Water, DSOW and ISOW are the main components of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW), which ventilates the lower limb of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> MOC. In spite recent studies exploring the export rate and later pathways of the overflows, the question about what drives them, remains. Here we explore the transformation of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water (AW) as it enters the NS through Denmark Strait, Iceland Faroe Ridge and Faroe Schotland Channel, as well as its pathways within the basin. To do so, we use an eddy-permitting ocean general circulation model run over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 2002 to 2015. Two different approaches are used to track the AW transformation in the NS: the well-tested off-line Lagrangian tool ARIANE and on-line passive tracers. In both cases we use the same definition of AW to tag its inflow through the three entering sections. The overflows directly impact circulation and water properties in much of the deep <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, thus a better understanding of the physical processes behind their variability is crucial a asset.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3338615','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3338615"><span>Functional Differences in the Backward Shifts of <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 and <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 Place Fields in Novel and Familiar Environments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Roth, Eric D.; Yu, Xintian; Rao, Geeta; Knierim, James J.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Insight into the processing dynamics and other neurophysiological properties of different hippocampal subfields is critically important for understanding hippocampal function. In this study, we compared shifts in the center of mass (COM) of <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 and <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 place fields in a familiar and completely novel environment. Place fields in <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 and <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 were simultaneously recorded as rats ran along a closed loop track in a familiar room followed by a session in a completely novel room. This process was repeated each day over a 4-day <span class="hlt">period</span>. <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 place fields shifted backward (opposite to the direction of motion of the rat) only in novel environments. This backward shift gradually diminished across days, as the novel environment became more familiar with repeated exposures. Conversely, <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 place fields shifted backward across all days in both familiar and novel environments. Prior studies demonstrated that <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 place fields on average do not exhibit a backward shift during the first exposure to an environment in which the familiar cues are rearranged into a novel configuration, although <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 place fields showed a strong backward shift. Under the completely novel conditions of the present study, no dissociation was observed between <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 and <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 during the first novel session (although a strong dissociation was observed in the familiar sessions and the later novel sessions). In summary, this is the first study to use simultaneous recordings in <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 and <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 to compare place field COM shift and other associated properties in truly novel and familiar environments. This study further demonstrates functional differentiation between <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 and <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 as the plasticity of <span class="hlt">CA</span>1 place fields is affected differently by exposure to a completely novel environment in comparison to an altered, familiar environment, whereas the plasticity of <span class="hlt">CA</span>3 place fields is affected similarly during both types of environmental novelty. PMID:22558316</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18074346','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18074346"><span>Parameterization of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>+2-protein interactions for molecular dynamics simulations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Project, Elad; Nachliel, Esther; Gutman, Menachem</p> <p>2008-05-01</p> <p>Molecular dynamics simulations of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>+2 ions near protein were performed with three force fields: GROMOS96, OPLS-AA, and CHARMM22. The simulations reveal major, force-field dependent, inconsistencies in the interaction between the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>+2 ions with the protein. The variations are attributed to the nonbonded parameterizations of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>+2-carboxylates interactions. The simulations results were compared to experimental data, using the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>+2-HCOO- equilibrium as a model. The OPLS-AA force field grossly overestimates the binding affinity of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>+2 ions to the carboxylate whereas the GROMOS96 and CHARMM22 force fields underestimate the stability of the complex. Optimization of the Lennard-Jones parameters for the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>+2-carboxylate interactions were carried out, yielding new parameters which reproduce experimental data. Copyright 2007 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45..354Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45..354Z"><span>Dominant Role of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation in the Recent Decadal Changes in Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Villarini, Gabriele; Delworth, Thomas L.; Yang, Xiaosong; Jia, Liwei</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Over the 1997-2014 <span class="hlt">period</span>, the mean frequency of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) was markedly lower ( 18%) than the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1980-1996. Here we show that these changes were driven by an intensification of the vertical wind shear in the southeastern/eastern WNP tied to the changes in the Walker circulation, which arose primarily in response to the enhanced sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, while the SST anomalies associated with the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the tropical Pacific and the anthropogenic forcing play only secondary roles. These results are based on observations and experiments using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Forecast-oriented Low-ocean Resolution Coupled Climate Model coupled climate model. The present study suggests a crucial role of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST in causing decadal changes to WNP TC frequency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DSRII.141..285P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DSRII.141..285P"><span>Identifying Important <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Areas for the conservation of Balearic shearwaters: Spatial overlap with conservation areas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pérez-Roda, Amparo; Delord, Karine; Boué, Amélie; Arcos, José Manuel; García, David; Micol, Thierry; Weimerskirch, Henri; Pinaud, David; Louzao, Maite</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered one of the main tools in both fisheries and conservation management to protect threatened species and their habitats around the globe. However, MPAs are underrepresented in marine environments compared to terrestrial environments. Within this context, we studied the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> non-breeding distribution of the southern population of Balearic shearwaters (Puffinus mauretanicus) breeding in Eivissa during the 2011-2012 <span class="hlt">period</span> based on global location sensing (GLS) devices. Our objectives were (1) to identify overall Important <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Areas (IAAs) from a southern population, (2) to describe spatio-temporal patterns of oceanographic habitat use, and (3) to assess whether existing conservation areas (Natura 2000 sites and marine Important Bird Areas (IBAs)) cover the main IAAs of Balearic shearwaters. Our results highlighted that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> staging (from June to October in 2011) dynamic of the southern population was driven by individual segregation at both spatial and temporal scales. Individuals ranged in the North-East <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> over four main IAAs (Bay of Biscay: BoB, Western Iberian shelf: WIS, Gulf of Cadiz: GoC, West of Morocco: WoM). While most individuals spent more time on the WIS or in the GoC, a small number of birds visited IAAs at the extremes of their <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> distribution range (i.e., BoB and WoM). The chronology of the arrivals to the IAAs showed a latitudinal gradient with northern areas reached earlier during the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> staging. The IAAs coincided with the most productive areas (higher chlorophyll a values) in the NE <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> between July and October. The spatial overlap between IAAs and conservation areas was higher for Natura 2000 sites than marine IBAs (areas with and without legal protection, respectively). Concerning the use of these areas, a slightly higher proportion of estimated positions fell within marine IBAs compared to designated Natura 2000 sites, with Spanish and Portuguese conservation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7493G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7493G"><span>Abrupt transitions to a cold North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in the late Holocene</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Geirsdóttir, Áslaug; Miller, Gifford; Larsen, Darren; Florian, Christopher; Pendleton, Simon</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The Holocene provides a time interval with boundary conditions similar to present, except for greenhouse gas concentrations. Recent high-resolution Northern Hemisphere records show general cooling related to orbital terms through the late Holocene, but also highly non-linear abrupt departures of centennial scale summer cold <span class="hlt">periods</span>. These abrupt departures are evident within the last two millennia (the transitions between the Roman Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> (RWP, ~2,000 yr BP), the Dark Ages Cold <span class="hlt">Period</span> (DACP, ~500-900 years AD), the Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> (MWP, 1000-1200 years AD) and the Little Ice Age (LIA, ~1300-1900 AD). A series of new, high-resolution and securely dated lake records from Iceland also show abrupt climate departures over the past 2 ka, characterized by shifts to persistent cold summers and an expanded cryosphere. Despite substantial differences in catchment-specific processes that dominate the lake records, the multi-proxy reconstructions are remarkably similar. After nearly a millennium with little evidence of significant climate shifts, the beginning of the first millennium AD is characterized by renewed summer cooling that leads to an expanding cryosphere. Slow summer cooling over the first five centuries is succeeded by widespread substantial cooling, with evidence for substantial expansion of glaciers and ice caps throughout our field areas between 530 and 900 AD, and an accompanying reduction in vegetation cover across much of Iceland that led to widespread landscape instability. These data suggest that the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> system began a transition into a new cold state early in the first millennium AD, which was amplified after 500 AD, until it was interrupted by warmer Medieval times between ~1000 and 1250 AD. Although severe soil erosion in Iceland is frequently associated with human settlement dated to 871 ±2 AD our reconstructions indicate that soil erosion began several centuries before settlement, during the DACP, whereas for several centuries</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ESRv...78...27S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ESRv...78...27S"><span>Evolution of Tethyan phosphogenesis along the northern edges of the Arabian--African shield during the Cretaceous--Eocene as deduced from temporal variations of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Nd isotopes and rates of P accumulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soudry, D.; Glenn, C. R.; Nathan, Y.; Segal, I.; VonderHaar, D.</p> <p>2006-09-01</p> <p> Pacific (radiogenic) water masses into the Tethys, driven by the Late Cretaceous global sea-level rise, the connection between North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the global post-Santonian cooling, and the progressive widening of the Caribbean threshold, all acting in combination to significantly intensify the Tethyan circumglobal current (TCC). It also reflects a weakening of the continental Nd signal due to a reduction of exposed landmasses caused by increased flooding of continental shelves. High δ44<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values at those times also point to a decrease in weathering <span class="hlt">Ca</span> +2 fluxes and expansion of carbonate sedimentation in shelves, both enriching seawater with isotopically heavy <span class="hlt">Ca</span> +2. Deep ocean circulation intensified by the post-Santonian cooling of high latitudes increased P inventory in the Tethys basin, whereas the strengthened TCC and the folded shelf likely resulted in coastal and topographically-induced upwelling, supplying P-rich intermediate waters to southeastern Tethys shelves. Only in the Paleocene-Eocene, following major changes in global circulation produced by narrowing of Tethys and widening of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, did phosphogenesis shifts its locus of high intensity to the western (<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>) Tethys and West African <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coasts. This change in paleocirculation is expressed by distinctly differing ɛNd( T) in the Middle East and the North and West African phosphorites, suggesting different oceanic P sources and current systems for these two major groups of phosphorites. Our Nd isotope results further suggest a weaker TCC during the Mid-Cretaceous, becoming more intense in Late Cretaceous times. They also point to the North Pacific Ocean as major source of deep water formation for the intermediate-deep waters in the Tethys Basin during the Late Cretaceous.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.1291L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.1291L"><span>The role of the subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water cycle in recent US extreme precipitation events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Laifang; Schmitt, Raymond W.; Ummenhofer, Caroline C.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The role of the oceanic water cycle in the record-breaking 2015 warm-season precipitation in the US is analyzed. The extreme precipitation started in the Southern US in the spring and propagated northward to the Midwest and the Great Lakes in the summer of 2015. This seasonal evolution of precipitation anomalies represents a typical mode of variability of US warm-season precipitation. Analysis of the atmospheric moisture flux suggests that such a rainfall mode is associated with moisture export from the subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. In the spring, excessive precipitation in the Southern US is attributable to increased moisture flux from the northwestern portion of the subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> moisture flux interacts with local soil moisture which enables the US Midwest to draw more moisture from the Gulf of Mexico in the summer. Further analysis shows that the relationship between the rainfall mode and the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water cycle has become more significant in recent decades, indicating an increased likelihood of extremes like the 2015 case. Indeed, two record-high warm-season precipitation events, the 1993 and 2008 cases, both occurred in the more recent decades of the 66 year analysis <span class="hlt">period</span>. The export of water from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> leaves a marked surface salinity signature. The salinity signature appeared in the spring preceding all three extreme precipitation events analyzed in this study, i.e. a saltier-than-normal subtropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in spring followed by extreme Midwest precipitation in summer. Compared to the various sea surface temperature anomaly patterns among the 1993, 2008, and 2015 cases, the spatial distribution of salinity anomalies was much more consistent during these extreme flood years. Thus, our study suggests that preseason salinity patterns can be used for improved seasonal prediction of extreme precipitation in the Midwest.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP21A1885P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP21A1885P"><span>Tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subsurface temperature anomalies: evidence for AMOC variability across Dansgaard-Oscheger events?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Parker, A. O.; Schmidt, M. W.; Chang, P.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>A common mechanism often proposed to explain the abrupt climate events of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), known as Dansgaard-Oscheger (D-O) cycles, invokes variability in the strength of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Although proxy evidence shows that D-O cycles resulted in large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation patterns around the planet, an understanding of how the AMOC varied across these events remains unclear. Coupled ocean-atmosphere models demonstrate that AMOC variability is linked to abrupt change in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (TNA) through both oceanic and atmospheric processes. A reduction in AMOC causes a subsurface oceanic warming in the TNA as the western boundary current slows, allowing the warm salinity maximum waters to enter the deep tropics. Recently, Schmidt et al. (2012) identified an abrupt subsurface warming at the onset of AMOC slow down during both Heinrich 1 and the Younger Dryas, suggesting this signal may be a robust feature of AMOC variability in the TNA. In order to determine if AMOC variability was the driver of D-O cycles during MIS 3, we present new, high-resolution Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and δ18O records from the near-surface dwelling planktonic foraminifera G. ruber and the lower-thermocline dwelling planktonic foraminifera G. crassaformis from 22 - 52 ka BP in southern Caribbean core VM12-107 (11.33oN, 66.63oW, 1079m depth). Sedimentation rates in VM12-107 average 24cm/kyr, providing high temporal resolution able to resolve millennial-scale events. The G. ruber δ18O record shows abrupt oscillations up to 1‰ as well as Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based SST changes of 1.5 - 2oC that are synchronous with some D-O cycles recorded in the Greenland ice cores. Given our ability to resolve D-O cycles in the planktonic record, we find that Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios from G. crassaformis were, on average, 0.13 × 0.04 mmol/mol higher during stadials. This equates to a temperature increase during stadials of up to 1.5oC. These results imply that AMOC</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-08-29/pdf/2012-21307.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-08-29/pdf/2012-21307.pdf"><span>77 FR 52261 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Snapper-Grouper...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-08-29</p> <p>...) Councils, off of Key West, Florida. The boundary between the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Gulf Councils coincides..., through to the boundary between the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Gulf Councils (off of Key West, Florida), as... eastward along that parallel, through Rebecca Shoal and the Quicksand Shoal, to the Marquesas Keys, and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.220...96H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.220...96H"><span>Reproducibility of Clathromorphum compactum coralline algal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios and comparison to high-resolution sea surface temperature data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hetzinger, S.; Halfar, J.; Kronz, A.; Simon, K.; Adey, W. H.; Steneck, R. S.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The potential of crustose coralline algae as high-resolution archives of past ocean variability in mid- to high-latitudes has only recently been recognized. Few comparisons of coralline algal proxies, such as temperature-dependent algal magnesium to calcium (Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>) ratios, with in situ-measured surface ocean data exist, even rarer are well replicated records from individual sites. We present Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from nine coralline algal specimens (Clathromorphum compactum) from a single site in the Gulf of Maine, North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Sections from algal mounds were analyzed using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) yielding individual Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records of up to 30 years in length. We first test intra- and intersample signal replication and show that algal Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are reproducible along several transects within individual sample specimens and between different samples from the same study site. In addition, LA-ICP-MS-derived Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios are compared to electron microprobe (EMP) analyzed data on the longest-lived specimens and were found to be statistically commensurable. Second, we evaluate whether relationships between algal-based SST reconstructions and in situ temperature data can be improved by averaging Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records from multiple algal specimens (intersample averages). We found that intersample averages yield stronger relationships to sea surface temperature (SST) data than Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records derived from individual samples alone. Thus, Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based paleotemperature reconstructions from coralline algae can benefit from using multiple samples per site, and can expand temperature proxy precision from seasonal to monthly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PEPI..169..140X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PEPI..169..140X"><span>Origin of orbital <span class="hlt">periods</span> in the sedimentary relative paleointensity records</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xuan, Chuang; Channell, James E. T.</p> <p>2008-08-01</p> <p> not directly related to physical properties such as density or carbonate content, or to the grain size proxy κARM/ κ. However, WTC between RPI records and the grain size proxy ARM/IRM implies that ARM/IRM does reflect the 'contamination' in some RPI records. It appears that orbital <span class="hlt">periods</span> were introduced into the NRM records (and have not been normalized when calculating RPI records) through magnetite grain size variations reflected in the ARM/IRM grain size proxy. The orbital power in ARM/IRM for some North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sites is probably derived from bottom-current velocity variations that are orbitally modulated and are related to the vigor of thermohaline circulation and the production of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW). In the case of ODP Site 983, the orbital power in RPI appears to exhibit a shift from 41-kyr to 100-kyr <span class="hlt">period</span> at the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (˜750 ka), reinforcing the climatic origin of these orbital <span class="hlt">periods</span>. RPI records from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific oceans, and RPI records with orbital <span class="hlt">periods</span> eliminated by band-pass filters, are highly comparable with each other in the time domain, and are coherent and in-phase in time-frequency space, especially at non-orbital <span class="hlt">periods</span>, indicating that 'contamination', although present (at orbital <span class="hlt">periods</span>) is not debilitating to these RPI records as a global signal that is primarily of geomagnetic origin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-22/pdf/2010-15059.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-22/pdf/2010-15059.pdf"><span>75 FR 35435 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-22</p> <p>.... 100513223-0254-01] RIN 0648-AY88 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Fisheries; 2010 <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifications In- season Adjustment AGENCY: National Marine... deep-sea red crab fishery, including a target total allowable catch (TAC) and a fleet-wide days-at-sea...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.U32B..05N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.U32B..05N"><span>Stalling Tropical Cyclones over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nielsen-Gammon, J. W.; Emanuel, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Hurricane Harvey produced massive amounts of rain over southeast Texas and southwest Louisiana. Average storm total rainfall amounts over a 10,000 square mile (26,000 square km) area exceeded 30 inches (750 mm). An important aspect of the storm that contributed to the large rainfall totals was its unusual motion. The storm stalled shortly after making landfall, then moved back offshore before once again making landfall five days later. This storm motion permitted heavy rainfall to occur in the same general area for an extended <span class="hlt">period</span> of time. The unusual nature of this event motivates an investigation into the characteristics and potential climate change influences on stalled tropical cyclones in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin using the HURDAT 2 storm track database for 1866-2016 and downscaled tropical cyclones driven by simulations of present and future climate. The motion of cyclones is quantified as the size of a circle circumscribing all storm locations during a given length of time. For a three-day <span class="hlt">period</span>, Harvey remained inside a circle with a radius of 123 km. This ranks within the top 0.6% of slowest-moving historical storm instances. Among the 2% of slowest-moving storm instances prior to Harvey, only 13 involved storms that stalled near the continental United States coast, where they may have produced substantial rainfall onshore while tapping into marine moisture. Only two such storms stalled in the month of September, in contrast to 20 September stalls out of the 36 storms that stalled over the nearby open <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Just four of the stalled coastal storms were hurricanes, implying a return frequency for such storms of much less than once per decade. The synoptic setting of these storms is examined for common features, and historical and projected trends in occurrences of stalled storms near the coast and farther offshore are investigated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868804','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868804"><span>Transcription factor Sp1 regulates T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) channel <span class="hlt">Ca</span>V 3.1 gene expression.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>González-Ramírez, Ricardo; Martínez-Hernández, Elizabeth; Sandoval, Alejandro; Felix, Ricardo</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Voltage-gated T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>V 3) channels mediate a number of physiological events in developing and mature cells, and are implicated in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. In mammals, there are three distinct T-channel genes (CACNA1G, CACNA1H, and CACNA1I) encoding proteins (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>V 3.1-<span class="hlt">Ca</span>V 3.3) that differ in their localization as well as in molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties. The CACNA1G is a large gene that contains 38 exons and is localized in chromosome 17q22. Only basic characteristics of the CACNA1G gene promoter region have been investigated classifying it as a TATA-less sequence containing several potential transcription factor-binding motifs. Here, we cloned and characterized a proximal promoter region and initiated the analysis of transcription factors that control <span class="hlt">Ca</span>V 3.1 channel expression using the murine Cacna1g gene as a model. We isolated a ∼1.5 kb 5'-upstream region of Cacna1g and verified its transcriptional activity in the mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cell line. In silico analysis revealed that this region possesses a TATA-less minimal promoter that includes two potential transcription start sites and four binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. The ability of one of these sites to interact with the transcription factor was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Consistent with this, Sp1 over-expression enhanced promoter activity while siRNA-mediated Sp1 silencing significantly decreased the level of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>V 3.1 protein and reduced the amplitude of whole-cell T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span>(2+) currents expressed in the N1E-115 cells. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control <span class="hlt">Ca</span>V 3.1 channel expression. © 2013 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558901','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558901"><span>Recent changes in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dickson, Robert R; Curry, Ruth; Yashayaev, Igor</p> <p>2003-09-15</p> <p>It has long been recognized that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is potentially sensitive to greenhouse-gas and other climate forcing, and that changes in the MOC have the potential to cause abrupt climate change. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood and our ability to detect these changes remains incomplete. Four main (interrelated) types of ocean change in particular are associated in the literature with greenhouse-gas forcing. These are: a slowing of MOC overturning rate; changes in northern seas which might effect a change in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning, including changes in the freshwater flux from the Arctic, and changes in the transport and/or hydrographic character of the northern overflows which ventilate the deep <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>; a change in the trans-ocean gradients of steric height (both zonal and meridional) which might accompany a change in the MOC; and an intensification of the global water cycle. Though as yet we have no direct measure of the freshwater flux passing from the Arctic to the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> either via the Canadian Arctic Archipelago or along the East Greenland Shelf, and no direct measure yet of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning rate, we examine a wide range of time-series from the existing hydrographic record for oceanic evidence of the other anticipated responses. Large amplitude and sustained changes are found (or indicated by proxy) over the past three to four decades in the southward transport of fresh waters along the Labrador shelf and slope, in the hydrography of the deep dense overflows from Nordic seas, in the transport of the eastern overflow through Faroe Bank Channel, and in the global hydrologic cycle. Though the type and scale of changes in ocean salinity are consistent with an amplification of the water cycle, we find no convincing evidence of any significant, concerted slowdown in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> overturning circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990110690','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990110690"><span>The Variation of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall within the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific as Observed from Satellites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rodgers, Edward; Pierce, Harold; Adler, Robert</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Tropical cyclone monthly rainfall amounts are estimated from passive microwave satellite observations in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and in three equal geographical regions of the North Pacific (i.e., Western, Central, and Eastern North Pacific). These satellite-derived rainfall amounts are used to assess the impact of tropical cyclone rainfall in altering the geographical, seasonal, and inter-annual distribution of the 1987-1989, 1991-1998 North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific rainfall during June-November when tropical cyclones are most abundant. To estimate these tropical cyclone rainfall amounts, mean monthly rain rates are derived from the Defence Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/ Radiometer (SSM/I) observations within 444 km radius of the center of those North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific tropical cyclones that reached storm stage and greater. These rain rate observations are then multiplied by the number of hours in a given month. Mean monthly rainfall amounts are also constructed for all the other North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Pacific raining systems during this eleven year <span class="hlt">period</span> for the purpose of estimating the geographical distribution and intensity of rainfall contributed by non-tropical cyclone systems. Further, the combination of the non-tropical cyclone and tropical cyclone (i.e., total) rainfall is constructed to delineate the fractional amount that tropical cyclones contributed to the total North Pacific rainfall.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CSR....30.1250S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CSR....30.1250S"><span>Sedimentary archives of the French <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast (inner Bay of Vilaine, south Brittany): Depositional history and late Holocene climatic and environmental signals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sorrel, Philippe; Tessier, Bernadette; Demory, François; Baltzer, Agnès; Bouaouina, Firas; Proust, Jean-Noël; Menier, David; Traini, Camille</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>The late Holocene is of particular interest to our understanding of the evolution of coastal sedimentary systems because this <span class="hlt">period</span> encompasses warmer and cooler <span class="hlt">periods</span>, and rising sea level in northern Europe. Based on an approach combining AMS 14C, sedimentological and rock magnetic analyses on sediment cores complemented with seismic data collected in the macrotidal Bay of Vilaine (south Brittany), we document the depositional history of the inner bay coeval to the mid- to late-Holocene transgression in south Brittany. Correlation between sedimentary archives revealed the main sedimentary infilling phases during the last 6000 years. Four units (U1-U4) are recognized in the coastal sediment wedge of the system, corresponding to the stepwise marine invasion of the bay. We show that (1) marine inundation, due to the steep morphology of the bedrock, is diachronous between distal and proximal records. A time lag of ˜1000 years is inferred over a distance of less than 5 km; (2) in the outer areas, the sedimentation has been condensed since 3000 years; (3) proximal estuarine archives offer the best record of sedimentary processes covering the last 2000 years, including the Medieval Warm <span class="hlt">Period</span> (MWP). Correlations in proximal records in the Bay of Vilaine assess the connection between coastal sedimentary dynamics, climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities during the MWP. We match the preservation of clay deposits to increased river-borne suspended matter transported to the estuary probably as a result of accelerated land-use development (higher soil erosion) in the catchment area between <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 880 and 1050 AD. Because the preservation of estuarine sedimentary successions is favoured when coastal wave sediment reworking is minimal, it is proposed that the prevailing climatic regime in south Brittany during the MWP likely resembled to that of the preferred negative phase of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). Our data are fairly consistent with other late</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.220...36G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.220...36G"><span>Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-temperature calibration for costate Bulimina species (B. costata, B. inflata, B. mexicana): A paleothermometer for hypoxic environments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grunert, Patrick; Rosenthal, Yair; Jorissen, Frans; Holbourn, Ann; Zhou, Xiaoli; Piller, Werner E.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Costate species of Bulimina are cosmopolitan, infaunal benthic foraminifers which are common in the fossil record since the Paleogene. In the present study, we evaluate the temperature dependency of Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in Bulimina inflata, B. mexicana and B. costata from an extensive set of core-top samples from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The results show no significant offset in Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> values between costate morphospecies when present in the same sample. The apparent lack of significant inter-specific/inter-morphotype differences amongst the analyzed costate buliminids allows for the combined use of their data-sets for our core-top calibration. Over a bottom-water temperature (BWT) range of 3-13 °C, the Bulimina species show a sensitivity of ∼0.12 mmol/mol/°C which is comparable to that of epifaunal Cibicidoides species and higher than that of the shallow infaunal Uvigerina spp., the most commonly used taxon in Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based palaeotemperature reconstruction. The reliability and accuracy of the new Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-temperature calibration is corroborated in the fossil record by a case study in the Timor Sea which demonstrates the presence of southern-sourced waters at intermediate depths for the past 26,000 years. Costate species of Bulimina might thus provide a valuable alternative for BWT reconstruction in mesotrophic to eutrophic settings where many of the commonly used (more oligotrophic) species are rare or absent, and be particularly useful in hypoxic settings such as permanent upwelling zones where costate buliminids often dominate foraminiferal assemblages. The evaluation further reveals a mean positive offset of ∼0.2 mmol/mol of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> data-set over the Indo-Pacific data-set which contributes to the scatter in our calibration. Although an explanation for this offset is not straightforward and further research is necessary, we hypothesize that different levels of export production and carbonate ion concentrations in pore waters are likely reasons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ClDy...44..229R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ClDy...44..229R"><span>Combined influences of seasonal East <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Pattern and North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation to excite <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal variability in a climate model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ruprich-Robert, Yohan; Cassou, Christophe</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The physical processes underlying the internal component of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Variability (AMV) are investigated from a 1,000-yr pre-industrial control simulation of the CNRM-CM5 model. The low-frequency fluctuations of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are shown to be the main precursor for the model AMV. The full life cycle of AMOC/AMV events relies on a complex time-evolving relationship with both North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) and East <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Pattern (EAP) that must be considered from a seasonal perspective in order to isolate their action; the ocean is responsible for setting the multidecadal timescale of the fluctuations. AMOC rise leading to a warm phase of AMV is statistically preceded by wintertime NAO+ and EAP+ from ~Lag -40/-20 yrs. Associated wind stress anomalies induce an acceleration of the subpolar gyre (SPG) and enhanced northward transport of warm and saline subtropical water. Concurrent positive salinity anomalies occur in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas in link to local sea-ice decline; those are advected by the Eastern Greenland Current to the Labrador Sea participating to the progressive densification of the SPG and the intensification of ocean deep convection leading to AMOC strengthening. From ~Lag -10 yrs prior an AMOC maximum, opposite relationship is found with the NAO for both summer and winter seasons. Despite negative lags, NAO- at that time is consistent with the atmospheric response through teleconnection to the northward shift/intensification of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone in link to the ongoing warming of tropical north <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin due to AMOC rise/AMV build-up. NAO- acts as a positive feedback for the full development of the model AMV through surface fluxes but, at the same time, prepares its termination through negative retroaction on AMOC. Relationship between EAP+ and AMOC is also present in summer from ~Lags -30/+10 yrs while winter EAP- is favored around the AMV peak. Based on</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29663638','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29663638"><span>Healing bone lesion defects using injectable <span class="hlt">Ca</span>SO4 /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>PO4 -TCP bone graft substitute compared to cancellous allograft bone chips in a canine model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hall, Deborah J; Turner, Thomas M; Urban, Robert M</p> <p>2018-04-16</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ca</span>SO 4 /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>PO 4 -TCP bone graft substitute has been shown to be effective for treatment of bone lesion defects, but its mechanical, histological, and radiographic characteristics have not been studied in direct comparison with a conventional treatment such as cancellous allograft bone. Thirteen canines had a critical-size axial defect created bilaterally into the proximal humerus. <span class="hlt">Ca</span>SO 4 /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>PO 4 -TCP bone graft substitute (PRO-DENSE™, Wright Medical Technology) was injected into the defect in one humerus, and an equal volume of freeze-dried cancellous allograft bone chips was placed in the contralateral defect. The area fraction of new bone, residual graft, and fibrous tissue and the compressive strength and elastic modulus of bone within the defects were determined after 6, 13, or 26 weeks and correlated with radiographic changes. The data were analyzed using Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests. There was more bone in defects treated with the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>SO 4 /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>PO 4 -TCP bone graft substitute compared to defects treated with cancellous bone allograft at all three time points, and the difference at 13 weeks was significant (p = 0.025). The new bone was significantly stronger and stiffer in defects treated with the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>SO 4 /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>PO 4 -TCP bone graft substitute compared to defects treated with cancellous bone allograft at 13 (p = 0.046) and 26 weeks (p = 0.025). At 26 weeks, all defects treated with <span class="hlt">Ca</span>SO 4 /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>PO 4 -TCP bone graft substitute demonstrated complete healing with new bone, whereas healing was incomplete in all defects treated with cancellous allograft chips. The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>SO 4 /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>PO 4 -TCP bone graft substitute could provide faster and significantly stronger healing of bone lesions compared to the conventional treatment using freeze-dried cancellous allograft bone. © 2018 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp.2305F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp.2305F"><span>The changing relationship between the December North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation and the following February East Asian trough before and after the late 1980s</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Feng, Guolin; Zou, Meng; Qiao, Shaobo; Zhi, Rong; Gong, Zhiqiang</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This study investigates the changing relationship between the December North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) and the following February East Asian trough (EAT) throughout the past 60 years. We found that the relationship between the December NAO and the following February EAT is significantly enhanced after the late 1980s compared with the <span class="hlt">period</span> before the late 1980s. The changing relationship mainly results from the enhanced relationship between the December NAO and the following February North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> mid-latitudes' sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (NAMA) during the same <span class="hlt">period</span>. During the <span class="hlt">period</span> after the late 1980s, the persistent positive (negative) NAO pattern from December to the following January contributes to a positive (negative) NAMA, which reaches its maximum magnitude in the following February and excites an anomalous wave train along the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and northern Eurasia, and significantly impacts the EAT. During the <span class="hlt">period</span> before the late 1980s, the positive (negative) NAO pattern during December cannot persist into the following January, and the related positive (negative) NAMA is insignificant during the following February, causing the response of the simultaneous EAT to be insignificant as well. Moreover, there exists a significant impact of the December NAO on the December-January NAMA after the late 1980s, while the December-January NAMA is relatively less affected by the December NAO before the late 1980s. As a result, the simultaneous response of the atmospheric circulation anomalies to the December-January NAMA are evident before the late 1980s, and the positive (negative) NAMA can excite an anomalous wave train along the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and northern Eurasia and significantly deepen (shallow) the downstream EAT. By contrast, after involving a feature of atmosphere forcing of SST, the simultaneous feedback of the December-January NAMA on EAT is significantly decreased after the 1980s.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16..428R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16..428R"><span>Reconstruction of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical cyclones in Azores for the last 800 years.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rubio-Ingles, Maria Jesus; Sánchez, Guiomar; Trigo, Ricardo; Francus, Pierre; Gonçalves, Vitor; Raposeiro, Pedro; Freitas, Conceiçao; Borges, Paolo; Hernández, Armand; Bao, Roberto; Vázquez-Loureiro, David; Andrade, Cesar; Sáez, Alberto; Giralt, Santiago</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>.5 m long core allowed us to recover the whole sedimentary infill of Azul Lake, which has been characterized using a multiproxy (geochemistry, diatoms and chironomid head capsules) approach. The last 800 cal years BP, dated by the use of 14C (plant remains) and 210Pb, have been recorded in the 1.5 m of sediment. The layers of flood events deposits are characterized by low Ti content, no diatoms, and both high organic content and terrestrial plants remains. 14C and 210Pb dates obtained in this core have been used to link the flood events recorded in the offshore zones of the lake with the historical storms hitting the archipelago. According to the results of the studied sediment core, the number of tropical storms hitting the island has increased for the last 50 years. This is in accordance with the findings done by other authors (Liu et al., 2001 and Besonen et al., 2008). Moreover, two other <span class="hlt">periods</span> located around the 1450s and the 1650s also recorded high number of storms. An increase of typhoons in China and hurricanes reaching the north <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast of United States during the same <span class="hlt">periods</span> suggests a global climate pattern that ruled these extreme phenomena. LITERATURE: Andrade, C., Trigo R.M., Freitas, M.C., Gallego M.C., Borges, P., Ramos, A.M. (2008) "Comparing Historic Records of Storm frequency and the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) chronology for the Azores region", The Holocene, 18, 745-754 Besonen M.R., Bradley S.B., Mudelsee M., Abbott M.B, Francus P. (2008) "A 1000-year, annually-resolved record of hurricane activity from Boston, Massachussets" Geophysical Research Letters. Vol.35, L14705. Liu, K.-b., Shen, C. and Louie, K.-s. (2001), A 1,000-Year History of Typhoon Landfalls in Guangdong, Southern China, Reconstructed from Chinese Historical Documentary Records. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91: 453-464. doi: 10.1111/0004-5608.00253</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP21E..02L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP21E..02L"><span>Assessing the biogeochemical impact of AMOC collapse during Heinrich Stadial 1: New surface and mid-depth records from the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lund, D. C.; Lacerra, M.; Schmittner, A.; Yu, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Carbon isotope minima were a ubiquitous feature in the mid-depth (1.5-2.5 km) <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 14.5-17.5 kyr BP), with the most likely driver being a collapse of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) [1, 2]. Model simulations suggest a weaker AMOC increases the residence time of deep water and causes accumulation of isotopically light respired carbon at mid-depths [3]. Subsequent weakening of the biological pump also causes light carbon to accumulate in the surface ocean and atmosphere, potentially accounting for surface ocean δ13C minima and the initial rise in atmospheric CO2. Here, we test the AMOC hypothesis using high resolution planktonic and benthic δ13C records from the Brazil Margin (1.8 km and 2.1 km water depth). We show that N. dutertrei and G. sacculifer δ13C lags benthic δ13C during HS1 by 500 years. Because the planktonic and benthic results are based on analyses of the same samples, the relative timing is constrained by the stratigraphic offset of the δ13C time series. Our results are consistent with the model prediction of an initial collapse of the AMOC causing δ13C minima at mid-depth followed by weakening of the biological pump and equilibration of the surface ocean with a 13C-depleted atmosphere. We also assess ΣCO2 storage in the mid-depth <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during HS1 using benthic foraminiferal B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> as a proxy for [CO32-]. Using replicated high resolution B/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records, we show that [CO32-] decreased during HS1, synchronous with apparent weakening of the AMOC. The [CO32-] response is smaller than in the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> [4], indicating there was a north-south gradient in the [CO32-] signal similar to that for δ13C [5]. The implied ΣCO2 signal is consistent with model results [3], suggesting that carbon is temporarily sequestered in the mid-depth <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during millennial-scale stadial events. We estimate that approximately 75% of the mid-depth δ13C signal was driven by accumulation of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70129586','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70129586"><span>Genetic evidence of local exploitation of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon in a coastal subsistence fishery in the Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bradbury, Ian R.; Hamilton, Lorraine C.; Rafferty, Sara; Meerburg, David; Poole, Rebecca; Dempson, J. Brian; Robertson, Martha J.; Reddin, David G.; Bourret, Vincent; Dionne, Mélanie; Chaput, Gerald J.; Sheehan, Timothy F.; King, Tim L.; Candy, John R.; Bernatchez, Louis</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Fisheries targeting mixtures of populations risk the over utilization of minor stock constituents unless harvests are monitored and managed. We evaluated stock composition and exploitation of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon in a subsistence fishery in coastal Labrador, Canada using genetic mixture analysis and individual assignment with a microsatellite baseline (15 loci, 11 829 individuals, 12 regional groups) encompassing the species western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> range. Bayesian and maximum likelihood mixture analyses of fishery samples over six years (2006-2011; 1 772 individuals) indicate contributions of adjacent stocks of 96-97%. Estimates of fishery associated exploitation were highest for Labrador salmon (4.2-10.6% per year) and generally < 1% for other regions. Individual assignment of fishery samples indicated non-local contributions to the fishery (e.g., Quebec, Newfoundland) were rare and primarily in southern Labrador, consistent with migration pathways utilizing the Strait of Belle Isle. This work illustrates how genetic analysis of mixed stock <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon fisheries in the northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> using this new baseline can disentangle exploitation and reveal complex migratory behaviours.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28956010','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28956010"><span>Cinnamic acid shortens the <span class="hlt">period</span> of the circadian clock in mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oishi, Katsutaka; Yamamoto, Saori; Oike, Hideaki; Ohkura, Naoki; Taniguchi, Masahiko</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Cinnamic acid (<span class="hlt">CA</span>) derivatives have recently received focus due to their anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. The present study aimed to determine the effects of cinnamic acid on the circadian clock, which is a cell-autonomous endogenous system that generates circadian rhythms that govern the behavior and physiology of most organisms. Cinnamic acid significantly shortened the circadian <span class="hlt">period</span> of PER2::LUC expression in neuronal cells that differentiated from neuronal progenitor cells derived from PER2::LUC mouse embryos. Cinnamic acid did not induce the transient mRNA expression of clock genes such as Per1 and Per2 in neuronal cells, but significantly shortened the half-life of PER2::LUC protein in neuronal cells incubated with actinomycin D, suggested that <span class="hlt">CA</span> post-transcriptionally affects the molecular clock by decreasing Per2 mRNA stability. A continuous infusion of <span class="hlt">CA</span> into mice via an Alzet osmotic pump under constant darkness significantly shortened the free-running <span class="hlt">period</span> of wheel-running rhythms. These findings suggest that <span class="hlt">CA</span> shortens the circadian <span class="hlt">period</span> of the molecular clock in mammals.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/181947-origin-northern-atlantic-heinrich-events','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/181947-origin-northern-atlantic-heinrich-events"><span>Origin of the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic`s</span> Heinrich events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Broecker, W.; Bond, G.; Klas, M.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>As first noted by Heinrich, 1988, glacial age sediments in the eastern part of the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> contain layers with unusually high ratios of ice-rafted lithic fragments of foraminifera shells. He estimated that these layers are spaced at intervals of roughly 10000 years. In this paper we present detailed information documenting the existence of the upper five of these layers in ODP core 609 from 50{degrees}N and 24{degrees}W. Their ages are respectively 15000 radiocarbon years, 20000 radiocarbon years, 27000 radiocarbon years, about 40000 years, and about 50000 years. We also note that the high lithic fragment to foram ratio ismore » the result of a near absence of shells in these layers. Although we are not of one mind regarding the origin of these layers, we lean toward an explanation that the Heinrich layers are debris released during the melting of massive influxes of icebergs into the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These sudden inputs may be the result of surges along the eastern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet. 7 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JAfES..43..275B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JAfES..43..275B"><span>Phanerozoic geological evolution of the Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> domain</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Basile, Christophe; Mascle, Jean; Guiraud, René</p> <p>2005-10-01</p> <p>The Phanerozoic geological evolution of the Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> domain has been controlled since the end of Early Cretaceous by the Romanche and Saint Paul transform faults. These faults did not follow the PanAfrican shear zones, but were surimposed on Palæozoic basins. From Neocomian to Barremian, the Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rift propagated southward in Cassiporé and Marajó basins, and the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> rift propagated northward in Potiguar and Benue basins. During Aptian times, the Equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> transform domain appeared as a transfer zone between the northward propagating tip of South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and the Central <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Between the transform faults, oceanic accretion started during Late Aptian in small divergent segments, from south to north: Benin-Mundaú, deep Ivorian basin-Barreirinhas, Liberia-Cassiporé. From Late Aptian to Late Albian, the Togo-Ghana-Ceará basins appeared along the Romanche transform fault, and Côte d'Ivoire-Parà-Maranhão basins along Saint Paul transform fault. They were rapidly subsiding in intra-continental settings. During Late Cretaceous, these basins became active transform continental margins, and passive margins since Santonian times. In the same time, the continental edge uplifted leading either to important erosion on the shelf or to marginal ridges parallel to the transform faults in deeper settings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974582','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974582"><span>AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated feedback phosphorylation controls the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/calmodulin (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M) dependence of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M-dependent protein kinase kinase β.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nakanishi, Akihiro; Hatano, Naoya; Fujiwara, Yuya; Sha'ri, Arian; Takabatake, Shota; Akano, Hiroki; Kanayama, Naoki; Magari, Masaki; Nozaki, Naohito; Tokumitsu, Hiroshi</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ)/5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation cascade affects various <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ -dependent metabolic pathways and cancer growth. Unlike recombinant <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ that exhibits higher basal activity (autonomous activity), activation of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway requires increased intracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ concentrations. Moreover, the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M dependence of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ appears to arise from multiple phosphorylation events, including autophosphorylation and activities furnished by other protein kinases. However, the effects of proximal downstream kinases on <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ activity have not yet been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate feedback phosphorylation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ at multiple residues by <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ-activated AMPK in addition to autophosphorylation in vitro , leading to reduced autonomous, but not <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M-activated, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ activity. MS analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of AMPK phosphorylation sites in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ indicated that Thr 144 phosphorylation by activated AMPK converts <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ into a <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M-dependent enzyme as shown by completely <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ /<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M-dependent <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKK activity of a phosphomimetic T144E <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ mutant. <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ mutant analysis indicated that the C-terminal domain (residues 471-587), including the autoinhibitory region, plays an important role in stabilizing an inactive conformation in a Thr 144 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis with anti-phospho-Thr 144 antibody revealed phosphorylation of Thr 144 in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ in transfected COS-7 cells that was further enhanced by exogenous expression of AMPKα. These results indicate that AMPK-mediated feedback phosphorylation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ regulates the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ/AMPK signaling cascade and may be physiologically important for intracellular maintenance of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ -dependent AMPK activation by <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKKβ. © 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=246635&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=oceanography&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=246635&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=oceanography&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Ecosystem Effects of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Multidecadal variability in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean and its importance to the Earth’s climate system has been the subject of study in the physical oceanography field for decades. Only recently, however, has the importance of this variability, termed the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Multidecadal Oscillati...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp020/of2007-1047srp020.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp020/of2007-1047srp020.pdf"><span>Antarctic ice-rafted detritus (IRD) in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Indicators of iceshelf dynamics or ocean surface conditions?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Nielsen, Simon H.H.; Hodell, D.A.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Ocean sediment core TN057-13PC4/ODP1094, from the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector of the Southern Ocean, contains elevated lithogenic material in sections representing the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span> compared to the Holocene. This ice-rafted detritus is mainly comprised of volcanic glass and ash, but has a significant input of what was previously interpreted as quartz during peak intervals (Kanfoush et al., 2000, 2002). Our analysis of these clear mineral grains indicates that most are plagioclase, and that South Sandwich Islands is the predominant source, similar to that inferred for the volcanic glass (Nielsen et al., in review). In addition, quartz and feldspar with possible Antarctic origin occur in conjunction with postulated episodes of Antarctic deglaciation. We conclude that while sea ice was the dominant ice rafting agent in the Polar Frontal Zone of the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the last glacial <span class="hlt">period</span>, the Holocene IRD variability may reflect Antarctic ice sheet dynamics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/478176-atlantic-tropical-forest-mapping-northern-coastal-zone-sao-paulo-state-brazil','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/478176-atlantic-tropical-forest-mapping-northern-coastal-zone-sao-paulo-state-brazil"><span><span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical forest mapping in the northern coastal zone of Sao Paulo State, Brazil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Simi, R. Jr.; Almeida, S.A.S.; Manso, A.P.</p> <p>1997-06-01</p> <p>The northern coastal zone of Sao Paulo State includes the cities of Ubatuba, Caraguatatuba, Sao Sebastiao and Ilha Bela. Large development projects, such as road and highway constructions and joint real estate exploration of susceptible coastal ecosystems have threatened the harmony and ecological stability of these ecosystems. Recently, the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical rain forest has been the most destructed ecosystem in the coastal zone in response to real estate investments in urban areas along the main roads. In the northern coastal zone of Sao Paulo State, 80% of the counties are included in the State Park of Serra do Mar. Asmore » tourism is a strong growing economical activity, as well as coastal production, it should be of interest to create a plan for sustainable development. The objective of this study is to map and characterize land use cover changes with emphasis on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical rain forest degradation using Landsat TM images. Preliminary results for land use cover changes indicate that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tropical rain forest was reduced by 6.1 % during the <span class="hlt">period</span> of July 1992 and October 1995.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51C1084D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51C1084D"><span>Identification of Holocene millennial-scale forcing in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> area: Ocean/atmosphere contribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Debret, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Christophe, C.; de Vernal, A.; Massei, N.; Eynaud, F.; Nicolle, M.; Frank, N.; Mary, Y.; Magny, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Millennial (1500-year) cycles were evidenced decades ago from the advance and retreat of glaciers but many subsequent studies failed to demonstrate the unequivocal character of such oscillation from paleoclimate time series. Hence, the identification of a persistent 1500 year <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> remains controversial both for the last glacial episode and the Holocene. Applying wavelet analysis to Holocene climate records, we have identified synchronous millennial-scale oscillations which permit to establish a North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> millennial variability index (NAV-Index), maximum at 5330 ± 245, 3560 ± 190, 1810 ± 160 cal years BP and minimum at 4430 ± 250, 2640 ± 225 and 970 ± 200 years before present. This NAV-index was compared with the millennial variability of cosmogenic 10Be isotope, a proxy of solar activity. Differences between the two sets of records suggest that an internal mechanism (Ocean/atmosphere) must be at the origin of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> millennial scale variability. Our data document an increased coherence and magnitude of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> millennial variability since 6000 cal. years BP, with a frequency of 1780 ± 240 years. During the early Holocene, deglacial meltwater fluxes had strong regional impact and the coupling between subpolar gyre migration and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional oceanic circulation observed since afterward seems to be related to the end of the Laurentide and Inuitian ice sheet meltwater discharge. Hence, we may conclude that the evolution of this millennial oscillation in the future will depend upon the Greenland stability or melting.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.5384G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.5384G"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea-level variability during the last millennium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gehrels, Roland; Long, Antony; Saher, Margot; Barlow, Natasha; Blaauw, Maarten; Haigh, Ivan; Woodworth, Philip</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Climate modelling studies have demonstrated that spatial and temporal sea-level variability observed in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> tide-gauge records is controlled by a complex array of processes, including ice-ocean mass exchange, freshwater forcing, steric changes, changes in wind fields, and variations in the speed of the Gulf Stream. Longer records of sea-level change, also covering the pre-industrial <span class="hlt">period</span>, are important as a 'natural' and long-term baseline against which to test model performance and to place recent and future sea-level changes and ice-sheet change into a long-term context. Such records can only be reliably and continuously reconstructed from proxy methods. Salt marshes are capable of recording decimetre-scale sea-level variations with high precision and accuracy. In this paper we present four new high-resolution proxy records of (sub-) decadal sea-level variability reconstructed from salt-marsh sediments in Iceland, Nova Scotia, Maine and Connecticut that span the past 400 to 900 years. Our records, based on more than 100 new radiocarbon analyses, Pb-210 and Cs-137 measurements as well as other biological and geochemical age markers, together with hundreds of new microfossil observations from contemporary and fossil salt marshes, capture not only the rapid 20th century sea-level rise, but also small-scale (decimetre, multi-decadal) sea-level fluctuations during preceding centuries. We show that in Iceland three <span class="hlt">periods</span> of rapid sea-level rise are synchronous with the three largest positive shifts of the reconstructed North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) index. Along the North American east coast we compare our data with salt-marsh records from New Jersey, North Carolina and Florida and observe a trend of increased pre-industrial sea-level variability from south to north (Florida to Nova Scotia). Mass changes and freshwater forcing cannot explain this pattern. Based on comparisons with instrumental sea-level data and modelling studies we hypothesise that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.1495P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.1495P"><span>Main processes of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cold tongue interannual variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Planton, Yann; Voldoire, Aurore; Giordani, Hervé; Caniaux, Guy</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The interannual variability of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> cold tongue (ACT) is studied by means of a mixed-layer heat budget analysis. A method to classify extreme cold and warm ACT events is proposed and applied to ten various analysis and reanalysis products. This classification allows 5 cold and 5 warm ACT events to be selected over the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1982-2007. Cold (warm) ACT events are defined by the presence of negative (positive) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies at the center of the equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in late boreal spring, preceded by negative (positive) zonal wind stress anomalies in the western equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. An ocean general circulation model capable of reconstructing the interannual variability of the ACT correctly is used to demonstrate that cold ACT events develop rapidly from May to June mainly due to intense cooling by vertical mixing and horizontal advection. The simulated cooling at the center of the basin is the result of the combined effects of non-local and local processes. The non-local process is an upwelling associated with an eastward-propagating Kelvin wave, which makes the mixed-layer more shallow and preconditions the upper layers to be cooled by an intense heat loss at the base of the mixed-layer, which is amplified by a stronger local injection of energy from the atmosphere. The early cooling by vertical mixing in March is also shown to be a good predictor of June cooling. In July, horizontal advection starts to warm the mixed-layer abnormally and damps SST anomalies. The advection anomalies, which result from changes in the horizontal temperature gradient, are associated in some cases with the propagation of Rossby waves along the equator. During warm ACT events, processes are reversed, generating positive SST anomalies: a downwelling Kelvin wave triggers stratification anomalies and mixed-layer depth anomalies, amplified by a weaker injection of energy from the atmosphere in May-June. In July, warm ACT events are abnormally cooled due to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy...49.2061E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy...49.2061E"><span>Impact of tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea-surface temperature biases on the simulated atmospheric circulation and precipitation over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region: An ECHAM6 model study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Eichhorn, Astrid; Bader, Jürgen</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>As many coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models, the coupled Earth System Model developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology suffers from severe sea-surface temperature (SST) biases in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. We performed a set of SST sensitivity experiments with its atmospheric model component ECHAM6 to understand the impact of tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST biases on atmospheric circulation and precipitation. The model was forced by a climatology of observed global SSTs to focus on simulated seasonal and annual mean state climate. Through the superposition of varying tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> bias patterns extracted from the MPI-ESM on top of the control field, this study investigates the relevance of the seasonal variation and spatial structure of tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> biases for the simulated response. Results show that the position and structure of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) across the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is significantly affected, exhibiting a dynamically forced shift of annual mean precipitation maximum to the east of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin as well as a southward shift of the oceanic rain belt. The SST-induced changes in the ITCZ in turn affect seasonal rainfall over adjacent continents. However not only the ITCZ position but also other effects arising from biases in tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTs, e.g. variations in the wind field, change the simulation of precipitation over land. The seasonal variation and spatial pattern of tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SST biases turns out to be crucial for the simulated atmospheric response and is essential for analyzing the contribution of SST biases to coupled model mean state biases. Our experiments show that MPI-ESM mean-state biases in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector are mainly driven by SST biases in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> while teleconnections from other basins seem to play a minor role.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29282753','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29282753"><span>Possible involvement of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signaling via T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ channel in mouse sensory neurons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nishizawa, Yuki; Takahashi, Kenji; Oguma, Naoko; Tominaga, Makoto; Ohta, Toshio</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ channels and TRPA1 are expressed in sensory neurons and both are associated with pain transmission, but their functional interaction is unclear. Here we demonstrate that pharmacological evidence of the functional relation between T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ channels and TRPA1 in mouse sensory neurons. Low concentration of KCl at 15 mM (15K) evoked increases of intracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] i ), which were suppressed by selective T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ channel blockers. RT-PCR showed that mouse sensory neurons expressed all subtypes of T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ channel. The magnitude of 15K-induced [<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] i increase was significantly larger in neurons sensitive to allylisothiocyanate (AITC, a TRPA1 agonist) than in those insensitive to it, and in TRPA1 -/- mouse sensory neurons. TRPA1 blockers diminished the [<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] i responses to 15K in neurons sensitive to AITC, but failed to inhibit 40 mM KCl-induced [<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] i increases even in AITC-sensitive neurons. TRPV1 blockers did not inhibit the 15K-induced [<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] i increase regardless of the sensitivity to capsaicin. [<span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ ] i responses to TRPA1 agonist were enhanced by co-application with 15K. These pharmacological data suggest the possibility of functional interaction between T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ channels and TRPA1 in sensory neurons. Since TRPA1 channel is activated by intracellular <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ , we hypothesize that <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ entered via T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ channel activation may further stimulate TRPA1, resulting in an enhancement of nociceptive signaling. Thus, T-type <span class="hlt">Ca</span> 2+ channel may be a potential target for TRPA1-related pain. © 2017 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012064','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012064"><span>The East <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> - West Russia Teleconnection in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Climate Impact and Relation to Rossby Wave Propagation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lim, Young-Kwon</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Large-scale winter teleconnection of the East <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> - West Russia (EA-WR) over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and surrounding regions is examined in order to quantify its impacts on temperature and precipitation and identify the physical mechanisms responsible for its existence. A rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis of the upper-tropospheric monthly height field captures successfully the EA-WR pattern and its interannual variation, with the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation as the first mode. EA-WRs climate impact extends from eastern North America to Eurasia. The positive (negative) EA-WR produces positive (negative) temperature anomalies over the eastern US, western Europe and Russia east of Caspian Sea, with negative (positive) anomalies over eastern Canada, eastern Europe including Ural Mountains and the Middle East. These anomalies are largely explained by lower-tropospheric temperature advections. Positive (negative) precipitation anomalies are found over the mid-latitude <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and central Russia around 60E, where lower-level cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation anomaly is dominant. The eastern Canada and the western Europe are characterized by negative (positive) precipitation anomalies.The EA-WR is found to be closely associated with Rossby wave propagation. Wave activity fluxes show that it is strongly tied to large-scale stationary waves. Furthermore, a stationary wave model (SWM) forced with vorticity transients in the mid-latitude <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> (approximately 40N) or diabatic heat source over the subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> near the Caribbean Sea produces well-organized EA-WR-like wave patterns, respectively. Sensitivity tests with the SWM indicate improvement in the simulation of the EA-WR when the mean state is modified to have a positive NAO component that enhances upper-level westerlies between 40-60N.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53D2289Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53D2289Y"><span>North Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Climate Variability and Model Biases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Y.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Remote forcing from El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and local ocean-atmosphere feedback are important for climate variability over the North Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These two factors are extracted by the ensemble mean and inter-member difference of a 10-member Pacific Ocean-Global Atmosphere (POGA) experiment, in which sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are restored to the observed anomalies over the tropical Pacific but fully coupled to the atmosphere elsewhere. POGA reasonably captures main features of observed North Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> variability. ENSO forced and local North Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> modes (NTAMs) develop with wind-evaporation-SST feedback, explaining one third and two thirds of total variance respectively. Notable biases, however, exist. The seasonality of the simulated NTAM is delayed by one month, due to the late development of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) in the model. A spurious band of enhanced sea surface temperature (SST) variance (SBEV) is identified over the northern equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in POGA and 14 out of 23 CMIP5 models. The SBEV is especially pronounced in boreal spring and due to the combined effect of both anomalous atmospheric thermal forcing and oceanic vertical upwelling. While the tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> variability is only weakly correlated with the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Zonal Mode (AZM) in observations, the SBEV in CMIP5 produces conditions that drive and intensify the AZM variability via triggering the Bjerknes feedback. This partially explains why AZM is strong in some CMIP5 models even though the equatorial cold tongue and easterly trades are biased low.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.4562J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.4562J"><span>Causes and Consequences of Exceptional North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Heat Loss in Recent Winters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Josey, Simon; Grist, Jeremy; Duchez, Aurelie; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor; Hirschi, Joel; Marsh, Robert; Sinha, Bablu</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The mid-high latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> loses large amounts of heat to the atmosphere in winter leading to dense water formation. An examination of reanalysis datasets (ERA-Interim, NCEP/NCAR) reveals that heat loss in the recent winters 2013-14 and 2014-15 was exceptionally strong. The causes and consequences of this extraordinary ocean heat loss will be discussed. In 2013-2014, the net air-sea heat flux anomaly averaged over the whole winter exceeded 100 Wm-2 in the eastern subpolar gyre (the most extreme in the <span class="hlt">period</span> since 1979 spanned by ERA-Interim). The causes of this extreme heat loss will be shown to be severe latent and sensible heat fluxes driven primarily by anomalously strong westerly airflows from North America and northerly airflows originating in the Nordic Seas. The associated sea level pressure anomaly field reflects the dominance of the second mode of atmospheric variability, the East <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Pattern (EAP) over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) in this winter. The extreme winter heat loss had a significant impact on the ocean extending from the sea surface into the deeper layers and a re-emergent cold Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly is evident in November 2014. The following winter 2014-15 experienced further extreme heat loss that served to amplify the strength of the re-emergent SST anomaly. By summer 2015, an unprecedented cold mid-latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean surface temperature anomaly is evident in observations and has been widely referred to as the 'big blue blob'. The role played by the extreme surface heat loss in the preceding winters in generating this feature and it subsequent evolution through winter 2015-16 will be explored.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MsT..........8C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MsT..........8C"><span>A teleconnection between subtropical convection and higher latitude wave activity in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cruz, Antonio DeJesus</p> <p></p> <p>Rossby waves are waves in potential vorticity that propagate along the extratropical tropopause and can be impacted by the advection of low-PV air originating from the subtropics. In this study, the subtropical precipitation influence on the extratropical Rossby wave activity during the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> winter season is investigated for a ten year <span class="hlt">period</span>. Using both TRMM and TIGGE 12-Hr forecasted precipitation data, heavy precipitation events were identified near the footprints regions of warm conveyor belts in the northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, specifically in the Gulf of Mexico and Bermuda region. The extratropical Rossby waves were then analyzed using PV on a 320K surface. By use of wavelet transforms, the amplitude of the Rossby waves were analyzed as a function of wavelength and longitude. The interaction between a single heavy precipitation event and the extratropical Rossby waves was examined for the days preceding and the week following the event. A climatological analysis of heavy precipitation events was conducted on the winter seasons from 2006 - 2015. Case study and climatological analysis identified the following: A ridge in the Northern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> undergoes amplification downstream of the heavy precipitation event in the days following the event. A southerly flow, likely associated with a warm conveyor belt, connects the region of the heavy precipitation event and the extratropical tropopause. The interaction was most prominent during the late winter season and during the heaviest of precipitation events. The teleconnection identified in this study highlights a mechanism by which cloud-scale subtropical precipitation is connected to synoptic scale extratropical dynamics in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CliPa..13..201M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CliPa..13..201M"><span>Changes in Holocene meridional circulation and poleward <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> flow: the Bay of Biscay as a nodal point</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mary, Yannick; Eynaud, Frédérique; Colin, Christophe; Rossignol, Linda; Brocheray, Sandra; Mojtahid, Meryem; Garcia, Jennifer; Peral, Marion; Howa, Hélène; Zaragosi, Sébastien; Cremer, Michel</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>This paper documents the evolution over the last 10 kyr of one of the key parameters of climate: sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. We focus on the southern Bay of Biscay, a highly sensitive oceanographic area regarding the dynamics of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> subpolar and subtropical gyres (SPG and STG respectively). This site furthermore offers unique sedimentary environments characterized by exceptional accumulation rates, enabling the study of Holocene archives at (infra)centennial scales. Our results mainly derive from planktonic foraminiferal association analysis on two cores from the southern Landes Plateau. These associations are used as the basis of modern analogue technique transfer functions to track past hydrographical changes. SST reconstructions were thus obtained at an exceptional resolution and compared to a compilation of Holocene records from the northeastern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. From this regional perspective are shown fundamental timing differences between the gyre dynamics, nuancing classical views of a simple meridional overturning cell. Our study highlights that western Europe underwent significant oscillations of (annual) SST during the last 10 kyr. During well-known intervals of mild boreal climate, warm shifts of more than 3 °C per century are accurately concomitant with positive sea-surface temperature anomalies and rise of micropalaeontological indicators of gyre dynamics in the northern North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, pointing to <span class="hlt">periods</span> of greater intensity of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Current (SPG cell especially). Conversely, the SST signal records short-term cold anomalies which could be related to weaker SPG dynamics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPP23C1502S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPP23C1502S"><span>Teasing Apart Regional Climate and Meltwater Influences on Florida Straits Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity over the past 40 kyr</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schmidt, M. W.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Recent reconstructions of North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salinity variability over the last glacial cycle show that abrupt climate events are linked to major reorganizations in the low-latitude hydrologic cycle, affecting large-scale changes in evaporation minus precipitation (E-P) patterns. Although there is general agreement that the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrates southward during cold stadials, it remains unclear how this shift affects the net E-P budget in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. In order to reconstruct a high resolution record of past sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) in the Florida Straits across abrupt climate events of the last 40 kyr, we combine Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> paleothermometry and δ18O measurements in shells from the surface-dwelling foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber in cores KNR166-2-JPC29 (24°17'N, 83°16'W; 648 m depth; 8-20 cm/kyr sed. rate) and JPC26 (24°19.61'N, 83°15.14'W; 546 m depth; 18-240 cm/kyr sed. rate) and calculate δ18OSEAWATER (δ18OSW) variability. Removal of the δ18OSW signal due to continental ice volume variation results in the ice volume-free (IVF) δ18OSW record (a proxy for SSS variability). Although most waters flowing through the Florida Straits today originate in the tropical western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, major meltwater discharges from the Mississippi River across the last deglacial <span class="hlt">period</span> also influenced SST and SSS in the Florida Straits. To constrain <span class="hlt">periods</span> of increased meltwater discharge, we measured Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in G. ruber from select intervals. Because riverine waters have a much higher dissolved Ba+2 concentration relative to seawater, foraminifera Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios can be used as an additional proxy to constrain <span class="hlt">periods</span> of increase riverine discharge. Initial results suggest the hydrographic history of the Florida Straits is influenced by both meltwater discharge and regional climate variability linked to the high-latitude North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Both the IVF- δ18OSW and Ba/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records reveal a prolonged <span class="hlt">period</span> from 16.0-13.0 kyr</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2546395','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2546395"><span>Pharmacokinetics and transcriptional effects of the anti-salmon lice drug emamectin benzoate in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar L.)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Olsvik, Pål A; Lie, Kai K; Mykkeltvedt, Eva; Samuelsen, Ole B; Petersen, Kjell; Stavrum, Anne-Kristin; Lunestad, Bjørn T</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Background Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a dominating pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment and control of infections by sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar L). Fish with an initial mean weight of 132 g were experimentally medicated by a standard seven-day EB treatment, and the concentrations of drug in liver, muscle and skin were examined. To investigate how EB affects <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon transcription in liver, tissues were assessed by microarray and qPCR at 7, 14 and 35 days after the initiation of medication. Results The pharmacokinetic examination revealed highest EB concentrations in all three tissues at day 14, seven days after the end of the medication <span class="hlt">period</span>. Only modest effects were seen on the transcriptional levels in liver, with small fold-change alterations in transcription throughout the experimental <span class="hlt">period</span>. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that EB treatment induced oxidative stress at day 7 and inflammation at day 14. The qPCR examinations showed that medication by EB significantly increased the transcription of both HSP70 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver during a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 35 days, compared to un-treated fish, possibly via activation of enzymes involved in phase II conjugation of metabolism in the liver. Conclusion This study has shown that a standard seven-day EB treatment has only a modest effect on the transcription of genes in liver of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon. Based on GSEA, the medication seems to have produced a temporary oxidative stress response that might have affected protein stability and folding, followed by a secondary inflammatory response. PMID:18786259</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18786259','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18786259"><span>Pharmacokinetics and transcriptional effects of the anti-salmon lice drug emamectin benzoate in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar L.).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Olsvik, Pål A; Lie, Kai K; Mykkeltvedt, Eva; Samuelsen, Ole B; Petersen, Kjell; Stavrum, Anne-Kristin; Lunestad, Bjørn T</p> <p>2008-09-11</p> <p>Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a dominating pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment and control of infections by sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar L). Fish with an initial mean weight of 132 g were experimentally medicated by a standard seven-day EB treatment, and the concentrations of drug in liver, muscle and skin were examined. To investigate how EB affects <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon transcription in liver, tissues were assessed by microarray and qPCR at 7, 14 and 35 days after the initiation of medication. The pharmacokinetic examination revealed highest EB concentrations in all three tissues at day 14, seven days after the end of the medication <span class="hlt">period</span>. Only modest effects were seen on the transcriptional levels in liver, with small fold-change alterations in transcription throughout the experimental <span class="hlt">period</span>. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that EB treatment induced oxidative stress at day 7 and inflammation at day 14. The qPCR examinations showed that medication by EB significantly increased the transcription of both HSP70 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver during a <span class="hlt">period</span> of 35 days, compared to un-treated fish, possibly via activation of enzymes involved in phase II conjugation of metabolism in the liver. This study has shown that a standard seven-day EB treatment has only a modest effect on the transcription of genes in liver of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon. Based on GSEA, the medication seems to have produced a temporary oxidative stress response that might have affected protein stability and folding, followed by a secondary inflammatory response.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513136M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513136M"><span>Climatic records of the last and penultimate deglaciations in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and South Indian Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Michel, Elisabeth; Waelbroeck, Claire; Govin, Aline; Skinner, Luke; Vàzquez Riveiros, Natalia; Dewilde, Fabien; Isguder, Gulay; Rebaubier, Hélène</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Surface and deep-water records of Termination I and II in two twin South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep-sea cores (44°09' S, 14°14' W, 3770 m depth) and one South Indian core (46°29' S, 88°01' E, 3420 m depth) are presented. Sea surface temperature has been reconstructed based on planktonic foraminifera census counts in all cases, as well as Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> of G. bulloides and N. pachyderma s. over the last deglaciation. The uncertainty on reconstructed SST using different statistical methods and different faunal databases is assessed. Over the last deglaciation, combined 14C dating and correlation of the SST record with the air temperature signal recorded in Antarctic ice cores allowed us to correct for variable surface reservoir ages in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> core (Skinner et al., 2010). Preliminary dating of the South Indian core over the last termination has been done by correlation of its magnetic signal with those of a neighboring 14C dated core (Smart et al., 2010). We have refined the later age scale using the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> core age scale as reference. Benthic isotopic signals in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and South Indian cores over the last deglaciation exhibit the same amplitude and timing. Our results thus indicate that bottom waters at the South Indian site remained isolated from better ventilated deep waters of northern origin until ~15 ka (Waelbroeck et al., 2011). Over Termination II, the two cores have been dated by correlation of their SST records with the air temperature signal recorded in EDC versus the EDC3 age scale (Govin et al., 2009; 2012). A careful examination of the various sources of uncertainty on the derived dating has been performed. Benthic and planktonic isotopic signals reveal analogies but also differences with respect to the last termination. SST was significantly warmer during the Last Interglacial than during the Holocene in both sites. South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> deep waters were also significantly better ventilated during the Last Interglacial than during the Holocene, whereas</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4201038','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4201038"><span>γ<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKII shuttles <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M to the nucleus to trigger CREB phosphorylation and gene expression</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ma, Huan; Groth, Rachel D.; Cohen, Samuel M.; Emery, John F.; Li, Bo-Xing; Hoedt, Esthelle; Zhang, Guo-An; Neubert, Thomas A.; Tsien, Richard W.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>SUMMARY Activity-dependent CREB phosphorylation and gene expression are critical for long-term neuronal plasticity. Local signaling at <span class="hlt">Ca</span>V1 channels triggers these events but how information is relayed onward to the nucleus remains unclear. Here we report a novel mechanism that mediates long-distance communication within cells: a shuttle that transports <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/calmodulin from the surface membrane to the nucleus. We show that the shuttle protein is γ<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKII, that its phosphorylation at Thr287 by β<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKII protects the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M signal, and that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>N triggers its nuclear translocation. Both β<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKII and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>N act in close proximity to <span class="hlt">Ca</span>V1 channels, supporting their dominance, while γ<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKII operates as a carrier, not as a kinase. Upon arrival within the nucleus, <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>M activates <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKK and its substrate <span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKIV, the CREB kinase. This mechanism resolves longstanding puzzles about <span class="hlt">CaM/Ca</span>MK-dependent signaling to the nucleus. The significance of the mechanism is emphasized by dysregulation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>V1, γ<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKII, β<span class="hlt">Ca</span>MKII and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>N in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID:25303525</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2269764','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2269764"><span>Mitochondrial <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ homeostasis during <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release in gastric myocytes from Bufo marinus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Drummond, Robert M; Mix, T Christian H; Tuft, Richard A; Walsh, John V; Fay, Fredric S</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator rhod-2 was used to monitor mitochondrial <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m) in gastric smooth muscle cells from Bufo marinus. In some studies, fura-2 was used in combination with rhod-2, allowing simultaneous measurement of cytoplasmic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i) and [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m, respectively. During a short train of depolarizations, which causes <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx from the extracellular medium, there was an increase in both [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i and [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m. The half-time (t½) to peak for the increase in [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m was considerably longer than the t½ to peak for the increase in [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i. [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m remained elevated for tens of seconds after [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i had returned to its resting value. Stimulation with caffeine, which causes release of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), also produced increases in both [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i and [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m. The values of t½ to peak for the increase in [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+] in both cytoplasm and mitochondria were similar; however, [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]i returned to baseline values much faster than [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m. Using a wide-field digital imaging microscope, changes in [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m were monitored within individual mitochondria in situ, during stimulation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx or <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release from the SR. Mitochondrial <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ uptake during depolarizing stimulation caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial membrane potential recovered considerably faster than the recovery of [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m. This study shows that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx from the extracellular medium and <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release from the SR are capable of increasing [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+]m in smooth muscle cells. The efflux of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ from the mitochondria is a slow process and appears to be dependent upon the amount of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ in the SR. PMID:10713963</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4889056','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4889056"><span>Ecosystem Alterations and Species Range Shifts: An <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Mediterranean Cephalaspidean Gastropod in an Inland Egyptian Lake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Malaquias, Manuel António E.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Mediterranean marine Cephalaspidea gastropod Haminoea orbignyana was collected from Lake Qarun (Fayoum, Egypt), a landlocked lake that has undergone a shift from freshwater to estuarine conditions in the past 100 years. Species identity was confirmed by both morphological (anatomical dissection and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular methods (COI gene phylogeny). Observations suggested a robust population of H. orbignyana in the lake with a density of <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 64 individuals/m2 and <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 105 egg masses/m2 during surveys conducted in the summer of 2013. The vast majority of snails and egg masses were found under rocks. Observations of egg masses in the lab showed a gradual change from whitish to yellow-green as the eggs matured and the release of veliger larvae alone after about a week. Although adult cephalaspideans readily consumed filamentous red and green algae, and cyanobacteria, laboratory trials showed that they consumed significantly more of the red alga Ceramium sp., than of the green alga Cladophora glomerata, with consumption of Oscillatoria margaritifera being similar to those on the two algae. When grown on these resources for 16 days, H. orbignyana maintained their mass on the rhodophyte and cyanobacterium, but not in starvation controls. No cephalaspideans grew over the course of this experiment. Lake Qarun has been <span class="hlt">periodically</span> restocked with Mediterranean fishes and prawns since the 1920s to maintain local fisheries, which represents a possible route of colonization for H. orbignyana. Yet, based on literature records, it seems more likely that invasion of the lake by this gastropod species has occurred only within the last 20 years. As human activities redistribute species through direct and indirect means, the structure of the community of this inland lake has become unpredictable and the long-term effects of these recent introductions are unknown. PMID:27248835</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27248835','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27248835"><span>Ecosystem Alterations and Species Range Shifts: An <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>-Mediterranean Cephalaspidean Gastropod in an Inland Egyptian Lake.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cruz-Rivera, Edwin; Malaquias, Manuel António E</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Mediterranean marine Cephalaspidea gastropod Haminoea orbignyana was collected from Lake Qarun (Fayoum, Egypt), a landlocked lake that has undergone a shift from freshwater to estuarine conditions in the past 100 years. Species identity was confirmed by both morphological (anatomical dissection and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular methods (COI gene phylogeny). Observations suggested a robust population of H. orbignyana in the lake with a density of <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 64 individuals/m2 and <span class="hlt">ca</span>. 105 egg masses/m2 during surveys conducted in the summer of 2013. The vast majority of snails and egg masses were found under rocks. Observations of egg masses in the lab showed a gradual change from whitish to yellow-green as the eggs matured and the release of veliger larvae alone after about a week. Although adult cephalaspideans readily consumed filamentous red and green algae, and cyanobacteria, laboratory trials showed that they consumed significantly more of the red alga Ceramium sp., than of the green alga Cladophora glomerata, with consumption of Oscillatoria margaritifera being similar to those on the two algae. When grown on these resources for 16 days, H. orbignyana maintained their mass on the rhodophyte and cyanobacterium, but not in starvation controls. No cephalaspideans grew over the course of this experiment. Lake Qarun has been <span class="hlt">periodically</span> restocked with Mediterranean fishes and prawns since the 1920s to maintain local fisheries, which represents a possible route of colonization for H. orbignyana. Yet, based on literature records, it seems more likely that invasion of the lake by this gastropod species has occurred only within the last 20 years. As human activities redistribute species through direct and indirect means, the structure of the community of this inland lake has become unpredictable and the long-term effects of these recent introductions are unknown.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGP43B1244V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGP43B1244V"><span>Astrochronology of a Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Magnetostratigraphy from the Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>van Peer, T. E.; Xuan, C.; Liebrand, D.; Lippert, P. C.; Wilson, P. A.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Oligocene-Miocene Boundary is defined by the geomagnetic polarity reversal C6Cn.2n/C6Cn.2r with an astronomically tuned age of 23 Ma. For late Oligocene to early Miocene reversals, only a few records (mainly from the equatorial Pacific and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>) integrate magneto- and cyclo-stratigraphy with astronomical tuning. Reversal ages acquired from these records show differences up to 100 kyr. We report new astronomically tuned ages for reversals between 21-26.5 Ma, based on integrated palaeomagnetic and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) data from rapidly accumulated drift sediments (mean sedimentation rate of 2.5 cm/kyr) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1406 (northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>). The natural remanence preserved in the sediments is relatively weak (especially at high demagnetisation steps) and prone to influence from measurement noise. We introduce an optimisation protocol to improve the estimation of component directions used to define the reversals. For each 1-cm interval measurement, the protocol searches for the combination of a fixed number of steps of demagnetisation data that minimises the maximum angular deviation, statistically excluding the noisy measurement steps. For the tuning, we use the logarithm of the calcium over potassium ratio ln(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>/K) from XRF core scanning data, a proxy of carbonate content in the sediment. Spectral and wavelet analyses of the 140-m long ln(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>/K) record highlight dominant obliquity (including the 178 and 1200 kyr modulation) and additional eccentricity forcing. Supported by preliminary stable isotope analysis on benthic foraminifera, we tuned ln(<span class="hlt">Ca</span>/K) minima to obliquity minima and eccentricity maxima. The resulting age model yield new independent ages for all reversals between C6Ar/C6AAn to C8r/C9n. Our results are generally consistent (within an obliquity cycle) with the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 age model [Billups et al., 2004], but deviate up to 80 kyr relative to ODP Site 1218 [Pälike et al</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009DSRII..56..941S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009DSRII..56..941S"><span>Predicting plankton net community production in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Serret, Pablo; Robinson, Carol; Fernández, Emilio; Teira, Eva; Tilstone, Gavin; Pérez, Valesca</p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>We present, test and implement two contrasting models to predict euphotic zone net community production (NCP), which are based on 14C primary production (PO 14CP) to NCP relationships over two latitudinal (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 30°S-45°N) transects traversing highly productive and oligotrophic provinces of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean (NADR, CNRY, BENG, NAST-E, ETRA and SATL, Longhurst et al., 1995 [An estimation of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data. Journal of Plankton Research 17, 1245-1271]). The two models include similar ranges of PO 14CP and community structure, but differ in the relative influence of allochthonous organic matter in the oligotrophic provinces. Both models were used to predict NCP from PO 14CP measurements obtained during 11 local and three seasonal studies in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and from satellite-derived estimates of PO 14CP. Comparison of these NCP predictions with concurrent in situ measurements and geochemical estimates of NCP showed that geographic and annual patterns of NCP can only be predicted when the relative trophic importance of local vs. distant processes is similar in both modeled and predicted ecosystems. The system-dependent ability of our models to predict NCP seasonality suggests that trophic-level dynamics are stronger than differences in hydrodynamic regime, taxonomic composition and phytoplankton growth. The regional differences in the predictive power of both models confirm the existence of biogeographic differences in the scale of trophic dynamics, which impede the use of a single generalized equation to estimate global marine plankton NCP. This paper shows the potential of a systematic empirical approach to predict plankton NCP from local and satellite-derived P estimates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7302O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7302O"><span>Developing an event-tree probabilistic tsunami inundation model for NE <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coasts: Application to case studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Omira, Rachid; Baptista, Maria Ana; Matias, Luis</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>This study constitutes the first assessment of probabilistic tsunami inundation in the NE <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region, using an event-tree approach. It aims to develop a probabilistic tsunami inundation approach for the NE <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coast with an application to two test sites of ASTARTE project, Tangier-Morocco and Sines-Portugal. Only tsunamis of tectonic origin are considered here, taking into account near-, regional- and far-filed sources. The multidisciplinary approach, proposed here, consists of an event-tree method that gathers seismic hazard assessment, tsunami numerical modelling, and statistical methods. It presents also a treatment of uncertainties related to source location and tidal stage in order to derive the likelihood of tsunami flood occurrence and exceedance of a specific near-shore wave height during a given return <span class="hlt">period</span>. We derive high-resolution probabilistic maximum wave heights and flood distributions for both test-sites Tangier and Sines considering 100-, 500-, and 1000-year return <span class="hlt">periods</span>. We find that the probability that a maximum wave height exceeds 1 m somewhere along the Sines coasts reaches about 55% for 100-year return <span class="hlt">period</span>, and is up to 100% for 1000-year return <span class="hlt">period</span>. Along Tangier coast, the probability of inundation occurrence (flow depth > 0m) is up to 45% for 100-year return <span class="hlt">period</span> and reaches 96% in some near-shore costal location for 500-year return <span class="hlt">period</span>. Acknowledgements: This work is funded by project ASTARTE - Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe. Grant 603839, 7th FP (ENV.2013.6.4-3 ENV.2013.6.4-3).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10388738','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10388738"><span>Impact of mitochondrial <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ cycling on pattern formation and stability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Falcke, M; Hudson, J L; Camacho, P; Lechleiter, J D</p> <p>1999-07-01</p> <p>Energization of mitochondria significantly alters the pattern of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ wave activity mediated by activation of the inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) in Xenopus oocytes. The number of pulsatile foci is reduced and spiral <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ waves are no longer observed. Rather, target patterns of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release predominate, and when fragmented, fail to form spirals. <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ wave velocity, amplitude, decay time, and <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> are also increased. We have simulated these experimental findings by supplementing an existing mathematical model with a differential equation for mitochondrial <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ uptake and release. Our calculations show that mitochondrial <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ efflux plays a critical role in pattern formation by prolonging the recovery time of IP3Rs from a refractory state. We also show that under conditions of high energization of mitochondria, the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ dynamics can become bistable with a second stable stationary state of high resting <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ concentration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...31M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...31M"><span>On the spectral characteristics of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal variability in an ensemble of multi-century simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mavilia, Irene; Bellucci, Alessio; J. Athanasiadis, Panos; Gualdi, Silvio; Msadek, Rym; Ruprich-Robert, Yohan</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> multidecadal variability (AMV) is a coherent pattern of variability of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature field affecting several components of the climate system in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region and the surrounding areas. The relatively short observational record severely limits our understanding of the physical mechanisms leading to the AMV. The present study shows that the spatial and temporal characteristics of the AMV, as assessed from the historical records, should also be considered as highly uncertain. Using 11 multi-century preindustrial climate simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) database, we show that the AMV characteristics are not constant along the simulation when assessed from different 200-year-long <span class="hlt">periods</span> to match the observed <span class="hlt">period</span> length. An objective method is proposed to test whether the variations of the AMV characteristics are consistent with stochastic internal variability. For 7 out of the 11 models analysed, the results indicate a non-stationary behaviour for the AMV time series. However, the possibility that the non-stationarity arises from sampling errors can be excluded with high confidence only for one of the 7 models. Therefore, longer time series are needed to robustly assess the AMV characteristics. In addition to any changes imposed to the AMV by external forcings, the detected dependence on the time interval identified in most models suggests that the character of the observed AMV may undergo significant changes in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015LPICo1856.5314M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015LPICo1856.5314M"><span>A Devil in the Details: Matrix-Dependent 40<span class="hlt">Ca</span>42<span class="hlt">Ca</span>++/42<span class="hlt">Ca</span>+ and Its Effects on Estimates of the Initial 41<span class="hlt">Ca</span>/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span> in the Solar System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McKeegan, K. D.; Liu, M.-C.</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Ian Hutcheon established that the molecular ion interference 40<span class="hlt">Ca</span>42<span class="hlt">Ca</span>++/42<span class="hlt">Ca</span>+ on 41K+ is strongly dependent on the mineral analyzed. Correction for this "matrix effect" led to a downward revision of the initial 41<span class="hlt">Ca</span>/40<span class="hlt">Ca</span> of the solar system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18636066','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18636066"><span>Salmonella Litchfield outbreak associated with a hotel restaurant--<span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City, New Jersey, 2007.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p></p> <p>2008-07-18</p> <p>On July 10, 2007, the Pennsylvania Department of Health notified the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) of three culture-confirmed cases of Salmonella Litchfield infection with matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Data from PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, confirmed 11 cases (including the three from Pennsylvania) of this rarely identified Salmonella serotype in five states during a 5-week <span class="hlt">period</span>; seven of the 11 patients had reported recent travel history to <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City, New Jersey. This report describes the subsequent investigation led by NJDHSS and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City Health Department (ACHD), which associated the outbreak with a hotel restaurant in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> City. In all, 30 confirmed or probable cases of illness with S. Litchfield infection were identified among persons from eight states who had eaten at the hotel restaurant, including 10 restaurant food handlers. Investigators concluded that the outbreak most likely was associated with fruit salad, particularly the honeydew melon component, and that contamination likely resulted from an ill food handler. This investigation illustrates the potential for recurring food contamination by ill and asymptomatic food handlers and underscores the utility of PulseNet to link illnesses that might appear unrelated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110022590&hterms=pollen&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpollen','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110022590&hterms=pollen&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpollen"><span>Model, Proxy and Isotopic Perspectives on the East African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tierney, Jessica E.; Lewis, Sophie C.; Cook, Benjamin I.; LeGrande, Allegra N.; Schmidt, Gavin A.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Both North and East Africa experienced more humid conditions during the early and mid-Holocene epoch (11,000-5000yr BP; 11-5 ka) relative to today. The North African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span> has been a major focus of paleoclimatic study, and represents a response of the hydrological cycle to the increase in boreal summer insolation and associated ocean, atmosphere and land surface feedbacks. Meanwhile, the mechanisms that caused the coeval East African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span> are poorly understood. Here, we use results from isotopeenabled coupled climate modeling experiments to investigate the cause of the East African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span>. The modeling results are interpreted alongside proxy records of both water balance and the isotopic composition of rainfall. Our simulations show that the orbitally-induced increase in dry season precipitation and the subsequent reduction in precipitation seasonality can explain the East African Humid <span class="hlt">Period</span>, and this scenario agrees well with regional lake level and pollen paleoclimate data. Changes in zonal moisture flux from both the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and Indian Ocean account for the simulated increase in precipitation from June through November. Isotopic paleoclimate data and simulated changes in moisture source demonstrate that the western East African Rift Valley in particular experienced more humid conditions due to the influx of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> moisture and enhanced convergence along the Congo Air Boundary. Our study demonstrates that zonal changes in moisture advection are an important determinant of climate variability in the East African region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.9332K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.9332K"><span>The Yermak Pass Branch: A Major Pathway for the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water North of Svalbard?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Koenig, Zoé; Provost, Christine; Sennéchael, Nathalie; Garric, Gilles; Gascard, Jean-Claude</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>An upward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler deployed from July 2007 to September 2008 in the Yermak Pass, north of Svalbard, gathered velocity data from 570 m up to 90 m at a location covered by sea ice 10 months out of 12. Barotropic diurnal and semidiurnal tides are the dominant signals in the velocity (more than 70% of the velocity variance). In winter, baroclinic eddies at <span class="hlt">periods</span> between 5 and 15 days and pulses of 1-2 month <span class="hlt">periodicity</span> are observed in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water layer and are associated with a shoaling of the pycnocline. Mercator-Ocean global operational model with daily and 1/12° spatial resolution is shown to have skills in representing low-frequency velocity variations (>1 month) in the West Spitsbergen Current and in the Yermak Pass. Model outputs suggest that the Yermak Pass Branch has had a robust winter pattern over the last 10 years, carrying on average 31% of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Water volume transport of the West Spitsbergen Current (36% in autumn/winter). However, those figures have to be considered with caution as the model neither simulates tides nor fully resolves eddies and ignores residual mean currents that could be significant.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110009942','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110009942"><span>Modulation of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Aerosols by the Madden-Julian Oscillation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tian, B.; Waliser, D. E.; Kahn, Ralph A.; Wong, S.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Much like the better-known EI Nino-Southern Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a global-scale atmospheric phenomenon. The MJO involves <span class="hlt">periodic</span>, systematic changes in the distribution of clouds and precipitation over the western Pacific and Indian oceans, along with differences in wind intensity over even more extensive areas, including the north and subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean. The lead authors of this paper developed a sophisticated mathematical technique for mapping the spatial and temporal behavior of changes in the atmosphere produced by the MJO. In a previous paper, we applied this technique to search for modulation of airborne particle amount in the eastern hemisphere associated with the "wet" (cloudy) vs. "dry" phases of the MJO. The study used primarily AVHRR, MODIS, and TOMS satellite-retrieved aerosol amount, but concluded that other factors, such as cloud contamination of the satellite signals, probably dominated the observed variations. The current paper looks at MJO modulation of desert dust transport eastward across the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> from northern Africa, a region much less subject to systematic cloud contamination than the eastern hemisphere areas studied previously. In this case, a distinct aerosol signal appears, showing that dust is transported westward much more effectively during the MJO phase that favors westward-flowing wind, and such transport is suppressed when the MJO reduces these winds. Aside form the significant achievement in identifying such an effect, the result implies that an important component of global dust transport can be predicted based on the phase of the MJO. As a consequence, the impact of airborne dust on storm development in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and on dust deposition downwind of the desert sources, can also be predicted and more accurately modeled.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520065','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520065"><span>Intestinal morphology of the wild <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Løkka, Guro; Austbø, Lars; Falk, Knut; Bjerkås, Inge; Koppang, Erling Olaf</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>The worldwide-industrialized production of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon (Salmo salar) has increased dramatically during the last decades, followed by diseases related to the on-going domestication process as a growing concern. Even though the gastrointestinal tract seems to be a target for different disorders in farmed fish, a description of the normal intestinal status in healthy, wild salmon is warranted. Here, we provide such information in addition to suggesting a referable anatomical standardization for the intestine. In this study, two groups of wild <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon were investigated, consisting of post smolts on feed caught in the sea and of sexually mature, starved individuals sampled from a river. The two groups represent different stages in the anadromous salmon life cycle, which also are part of the production cycle of farmed salmon. Selected regions of gastrointestinal tract were subjected to morphological investigations including immunohistochemical, scanning electron microscopic, and morphometric analyses. A morphology-based nomenclature was established, defining the cardiac part of the stomach and five different regions of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> salmon intestine, including pyloric caeca, first segment of the mid-intestine with pyloric caeca, first segment of the mid-intestine posterior to pyloric caeca, second segment of the mid-intestine and posterior intestinal segment. In each of the above described regions, for both groups of fish, morphometrical measurements and regional histological investigations were performed with regards to magnitude and direction of mucosal folding as well as the composition of the intestinal wall. Additionally, immunohistochemistry showing cells positive for cytokeratins, α-actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, in addition to alkaline phosphatase reactivity in the segments is presented. Copyright © 2013 Wiley <span class="hlt">Periodicals</span>, Inc., a Wiley Company.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.3641K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.3641K"><span>Changes in the formation of AAIW and storage of anthropogenic carbon in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in the 1990s and 2000s</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kieke, Dagmar; Steinfeldt, Reiner; Rhein, Monika; Huhn, Oliver</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is the most abundant intermediate water mass originating in the southern hemisphere and is easily recognized by its low salinity tongue located at depths between 500 m to 1500 m. As AAIW contributes to the upper limb of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), knowledge regarding its formation, associated variability, and its vulnerability with respect to the uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) is of high relevance in a world facing increasing atmospheric Cant concentrations and global warming with direct impact on the AMOC strength and variability. We have used transient tracer data (chlorofluorocarbon, CFC) covering the <span class="hlt">period</span> 1982-2005 to calculate CFC inventories and to derive rates of AAIW formation in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Tracer data collected prior to 1995 have been referenced to 1990 and data from 1995 onwards to the year 2000. This allows to assess the changes in formation between these two <span class="hlt">periods</span>. As a major result, we find a significant decrease in the formation of AAIW in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Based on the tracer data and applying the transit time distribution (TTD) method, we have furthermore estimated changes in the inventories and storage of Cant within the AAIW. We find that the reduction of AAIW formation has severe implications for the uptake of Cant within this layer in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Our results are discussed in the light of long-term changes regarding the strength of the surface forcing over the western South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and variations in the phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). A decrease in the AAIW formation can partly be attributed to a weakening in the surface forcing that correlates to variations in the SAM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930071259&hterms=solar+intensity+measurement&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Bintensity%2Bmeasurement','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930071259&hterms=solar+intensity+measurement&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Bintensity%2Bmeasurement"><span>Dynamics of the solar chromosphere. I - Long-<span class="hlt">period</span> network oscillations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lites, B. W.; Rutten, R. J.; Kalkofen, W.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>We analyze differences in solar oscillations between the chromospheric network and internetwork regions from a 1 hr sequence of spectrograms of a quiet region near disk center. The spectrograms contain <span class="hlt">Ca</span> II H, <span class="hlt">Ca</span> I 422.7 nm, and various Fe I blends in the <span class="hlt">Ca</span> II H wing. They permit vertical tracing of oscillations throughout the photosphere and into the low chromosphere. We find that the rms amplitude of <span class="hlt">Ca</span> II H line center Doppler fluctuations is about 1.5 km/s for both network and internetwork, but that the character of the oscillations differs markedly in these two regions. Within internetwork areas the chromospheric velocity power spectrum is dominated by oscillations with frequencies at and above the acoustic cutoff frequency. They are well correlated with the oscillations in the underlying photosphere, but they are much reduced in the network. In contrast, the network <span class="hlt">Ca</span> II H line center velocity and intensity power spectra are dominated by low-frequency oscillations with <span class="hlt">periods</span> of 5-20 min. Their signature is much clearer in our <span class="hlt">Ca</span> II H line center measurements than in previously used diagnostics which are contaminated by signals from deeper layers. We find that these long-<span class="hlt">period</span> oscillations are not correlated with underlying photospheric disturbances, and we discuss their nature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1058G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP51A1058G"><span>Coherent response of Antarctic Intermediate Water and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation during the last deglaciation: reconciling contrasting neodymium isotope reconstructions in tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gu, S.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Rempfer, J.; Joos, F.; Oppo, D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) plays important roles in the global climate system and the global ocean nutrient and carbon cycles. However, it is unclear how AAIW responds to global climate changes. In particular, neodymium isotopic composition (ɛNd) reconstructions from different locations in tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, have led to a debate on the relationship between the northward penetration of AAIW into the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability during the last deglaciation. We resolve this controversy by studying the transient oceanic evolution during the last deglaciation using a neodymium-enabled ocean model. Our results suggest a coherent response of AAIW and AMOC: when AMOC weakens, the northward penetration and transport of AAIW decreases while its depth and thickness increase. Our study highlights that as part of the return flow of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water (NADW), the northward penetration of AAIW in <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is determined predominately by AMOC intensity. Moreover, the inconsistency among different tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ɛNd reconstructions is reconciled by considering their corresponding core locations and depths, which were influenced by different water masses and ocean currents in the past. The very radiogenic water from the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, which was previously overlooked in interpretations of deglacial ɛNd variability, can be transported to shallow layers during active AMOC, and modulates ɛNd in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Changes in the AAIW core depth must also be considered. Thus, interpretation of ɛNd reconstructions from the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is more complicated than suggested in previous studies. </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JMS....78...28H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JMS....78...28H"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate variability: The role of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hurrell, James W.; Deser, Clara</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>Marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid change at local and global scales. To understand these changes, including the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic effects, and to predict the future state of marine ecosystems requires quantitative understanding of the physics, biogeochemistry and ecology of oceanic systems at mechanistic levels. Central to this understanding is the role played by dominant patterns or "modes" of atmospheric and oceanic variability, which orchestrate coherent variations in climate over large regions with profound impacts on ecosystems. We review the spatial structure of extratropical climate variability over the Northern Hemisphere and, specifically, focus on modes of climate variability over the extratropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. A leading pattern of weather and climate variability over the Northern Hemisphere is the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). The NAO refers to a redistribution of atmospheric mass between the Arctic and the subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and swings from one phase to another producing large changes in surface air temperature, winds, storminess and precipitation over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> as well as the adjacent continents. The NAO also affects the ocean through changes in heat content, gyre circulations, mixed layer depth, salinity, high latitude deep water formation and sea ice cover. Thus, indices of the NAO have become widely used to document and understand how this mode of variability alters the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. There is no unique way, however, to define the NAO. Several approaches are discussed including both linear (e.g., principal component analysis) and nonlinear (e.g., cluster analysis) techniques. The former, which have been most widely used, assume preferred atmospheric circulation states come in pairs, in which anomalies of opposite polarity have the same spatial structure. In contrast, nonlinear techniques search for recurrent patterns of a specific amplitude and sign. They reveal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JMS....79..231H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JMS....79..231H"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate variability: The role of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hurrell, James W.; Deser, Clara</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p>Marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid change at local and global scales. To understand these changes, including the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic effects, and to predict the future state of marine ecosystems requires quantitative understanding of the physics, biogeochemistry and ecology of oceanic systems at mechanistic levels. Central to this understanding is the role played by dominant patterns or "modes" of atmospheric and oceanic variability, which orchestrate coherent variations in climate over large regions with profound impacts on ecosystems. We review the spatial structure of extratropical climate variability over the Northern Hemisphere and, specifically, focus on modes of climate variability over the extratropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. A leading pattern of weather and climate variability over the Northern Hemisphere is the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). The NAO refers to a redistribution of atmospheric mass between the Arctic and the subtropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and swings from one phase to another producing large changes in surface air temperature, winds, storminess and precipitation over the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> as well as the adjacent continents. The NAO also affects the ocean through changes in heat content, gyre circulations, mixed layer depth, salinity, high latitude deep water formation and sea ice cover. Thus, indices of the NAO have become widely used to document and understand how this mode of variability alters the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. There is no unique way, however, to define the NAO. Several approaches are discussed including both linear (e.g., principal component analysis) and nonlinear (e.g., cluster analysis) techniques. The former, which have been most widely used, assume preferred atmospheric circulation states come in pairs, in which anomalies of opposite polarity have the same spatial structure. In contrast, nonlinear techniques search for recurrent patterns of a specific amplitude and sign. They reveal</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8467R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8467R"><span>North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sub-decadal variability in climate models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reintges, Annika; Martin, Thomas; Latif, Mojib; Park, Wonsun</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant variability mode for the winter climate of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector. During a positive (negative) NAO phase, the sea level pressure (SLP) difference between the subtropical Azores high and the subpolar Icelandic low is anomalously strong (weak). This affects, for example, temperature, precipitation, wind, and surface heat flux over the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, and over large parts of Europe. In observations we find enhanced sub-decadal variability of the NAO index that goes along with a dipolar sea surface temperature (SST) pattern. The corresponding SLP and SST patterns are reproduced in a control experiment of the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). Large-scale air-sea interaction is suggested to be essential for the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sub-decadal variability in the KCM. The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a key role, setting the timescale of the variability by providing a delayed negative feedback to the NAO. The interplay of the NAO and the AMOC on the sub-decadal timescale is further investigated in the CMIP5 model ensemble. For example, the average CMIP5 model AMOC pattern associated with sub-decadal variability is characterized by a deep-reaching dipolar structure, similar to the KCM's sub-decadal AMOC variability pattern. The results suggest that dynamical air-sea interactions are crucial to generate enhanced sub-decadal variability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> climate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7056622-petroleum-exploration-atlantic-ocs','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7056622-petroleum-exploration-atlantic-ocs"><span>Petroleum exploration and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> OCS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Edson, G.; Adinolfi, F.; Gray, F.</p> <p>1993-08-01</p> <p>The largest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> outer continental shelf (OCS) lease sale was the first one, Sale 40 in 1976. Ninety-three Baltimore Canyon Trough petroleum leases were issued, and industry's winning bids total $1.1 billion. The highest bonus bids were for leases overlying the Schlee Dome, then called Great Stone Dome, a large structure with a very large fetch area. By 1981, seven dry wells on the dome moderated this initial flush of optimism. However, subeconomic quantities of gas and light oil were discovered on the nearby Hudson Canyon Block 598-642 structure. Now after 9 lease sales, 410 lease awards, and 46 explorationmore » wells, United States <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> petroleum exploration activity is in a hiatus. Fifty-three leases remain active under suspensions of operation. Twenty-one lease blocks, about 50 mi offshore from Cape Hatteras, have been combined as the Manteo Exploration Unit. Mobil and partners submitted an exploration plant for the unit in 1989. The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> OCS has petroleum potential, especially for gas. With only 46 exploration wells, entire basins and plays remain untested. During the present exploration inactivity, some petroleum evaluation of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> OCS continues by the Minerals Management Service and others. Similarities and differences are being documented between United States basins and the Canadian Scotian Basin, which contains oil and gas in commercial quantities. Other initiatives include geochemical, thermal history, seismic stratigraphic, and petroleum system modeling studies. The gas-prone <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> OCS eventually may make an energy contribution, especially to nearby East Coast markets.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3840026','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3840026"><span>Investigating Annual Diving Behaviour by Hooded Seals (Cystophora cristata) within the Northwest <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Andersen, Julie M.; Skern-Mauritzen, Mette; Boehme, Lars; Wiersma, Yolanda F.; Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu; Hammill, Mike O.; Stenson, Garry B.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>With the exception of relatively brief <span class="hlt">periods</span> when they reproduce and moult, hooded seals, Cystophora cristata, spend most of the year in the open ocean where they undergo feeding migrations to either recover or prepare for the next fasting <span class="hlt">period</span>. Valuable insights into habitat use and diving behaviour during these <span class="hlt">periods</span> have been obtained by attaching Satellite Relay Data Loggers (SRDLs) to 51 Northwest (NW) <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hooded seals (33 females and 18 males) during ice-bound fasting <span class="hlt">periods</span> (2004−2008). Using General Additive Models (GAMs) we describe habitat use in terms of First Passage Time (FPT) and analyse how bathymetry, seasonality and FPT influence the hooded seals’ diving behaviour described by maximum dive depth, dive duration and surface duration. Adult NW <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> hooded seals exhibit a change in diving activity in areas where they spend >20 h by increasing maximum dive depth, dive duration and surface duration, indicating a restricted search behaviour. We found that male and female hooded seals are spatially segregated and that diving behaviour varies between sexes in relation to habitat properties and seasonality. Migration <span class="hlt">periods</span> are described by increased dive duration for both sexes with a peak in May, October and January. Males demonstrated an increase in dive depth and dive duration towards May (post-breeding/pre-moult) and August–October (post-moult/pre-breeding) but did not show any pronounced increase in surface duration. Females dived deepest and had the highest surface duration between December and January (post-moult/pre-breeding). Our results suggest that the smaller females may have a greater need to recover from dives than that of the larger males. Horizontal segregation could have evolved as a result of a resource partitioning strategy to avoid sexual competition or that the energy requirements of males and females are different due to different energy expenditure during fasting <span class="hlt">periods</span>. PMID:24282541</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GGG....18.1794C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GGG....18.1794C"><span>Differential response of corals to regional mass-warming events as evident from skeletal Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Clarke, Harry; D'Olivo, Juan Pablo; Falter, James; Zinke, Jens; Lowe, Ryan; McCulloch, Malcolm</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>During the summer of 2010/2011, a regional marine heat wave resulted in coral bleaching of variable severity along much of the western coastline of Australia. At Ningaloo Reef, a 300 km long fringing reef system and World Heritage site, highly contrasting coral bleaching was observed between two morphologically distinct nearshore reef communities located on either side of the Ningaloo Peninsula: Tantabiddi (˜20% bleaching) and Bundegi (˜90% bleaching). For this study, we collected coral cores (Porites sp.) from Tantabiddi and Bundegi reef sites to assess the response of the Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> temperature proxy and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios to the variable levels of thermal stress imposed at these two sites during the 2010/2011 warming event. We found that there was an anomalous increase in Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and decrease in Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in the Bundegi record that was coincident with the timing of severe coral bleaching at the site, while no significant changes were observed in the Tantabiddi record. We show that the change in the relationship of Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> and Mg/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios with temperature at Bundegi during the 2010/2011 event reflects changes in related coral "vital" processes during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of environmental stress. These changes were found to be consistent with a reduction in active transport of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ to the site of calcification leading to a reduction in calcification rates and reduced Rayleigh fractionation of incorporated trace elements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-19/pdf/2013-22728.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-19/pdf/2013-22728.pdf"><span>78 FR 57534 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-09-19</p> <p>... Mexico, and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>: Caribbean coral, Caribbean reef fish, Caribbean spiny lobster, Caribbean... migratory pelagics, Gulf and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> spiny lobster, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> coral, South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> snapper... (Gulf and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> spiny lobster) into part 622 (78 FR 22950). With that incorporation, all...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050180334','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050180334"><span>Interannual Rainfall Variability in the Tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gu, Guojun</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Rainfall variability on seasonal and interannual-to-interdecadal time scales in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> is quantified using a 25-year (1979-2003) monthly rainfall dataset from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The ITCZ measured by monthly rainfall between 15-37.5 deg W attains its peak as moving to the northernmost latitude (4-10 deg N) during July-September in which the most total rainfall is observed in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin (17.5 deg S-22.5 deg N, 15 deg-37.5 deg W); the ITCZ becomes weakest during January-February with the least total rainfall as it moves to the south. In contrast, rainfall variability on interannual to interdecadal time scales shows a quite different seasonal preference. The most intense interannual variability occurs during March-May when the ITCZ tends to be near the equator and becomes weaker. Significant, negative correlations between the ITCZ strength and latitude anomalies are observed during boreal spring and early summer. The ITCZ strength and total rainfall amount in the tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> basin are significantly modulated by the Pacific El Nino and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> equatorial mode (or <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Nino) particularly during boreal spring and summer; whereas the impact of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> interhemispheric mode is considerably weaker. Regarding the anomalous latitudes of the ITCZ, the influence can come from both local, i.e., the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> interhemispheric and equatorial modes, and remote forcings, i. e., El Nino; however, a direct impact of El Nino on the latitudes of the ITCZ can only be found during April-July, not in winter and early spring in which the warmest SST anomalies are usually observed in the equatorial Pacific.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194447','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194447"><span>Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the surface subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thornalley, David J R; Elderfield, Harry; McCave, I Nick</p> <p>2009-02-05</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) transports warm salty surface waters to high latitudes, where they cool, sink and return southwards at depth. Through its attendant meridional heat transport, the AMOC helps maintain a warm northwestern European climate, and acts as a control on the global climate. Past climate fluctuations during the Holocene epoch ( approximately 11,700 years ago to the present) have been linked with changes in North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean circulation. The behaviour of the surface flowing salty water that helped drive overturning during past climatic changes is, however, not well known. Here we investigate the temperature and salinity changes of a substantial surface inflow to a region of deep-water formation throughout the Holocene. We find that the inflow has undergone millennial-scale variations in temperature and salinity ( approximately 3.5 degrees C and approximately 1.5 practical salinity units, respectively) most probably controlled by subpolar gyre dynamics. The temperature and salinity variations correlate with previously reported <span class="hlt">periods</span> of rapid climate change. The inflow becomes more saline during enhanced freshwater flux to the subpolar North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Model studies predict a weakening of AMOC in response to enhanced Arctic freshwater fluxes, although the inflow can compensate on decadal timescales by becoming more saline. Our data suggest that such a negative feedback mechanism may have operated during past intervals of climate change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP53C2357F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP53C2357F"><span>Sea Surface Temperature Records Using Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> Ratios in a Siderastrea siderea Coral from SE Cuba</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fargher, H. A.; Hughen, K. A.; Ossolinski, J. E.; Bretos, F.; Siciliano, D.; Gonzalez, P.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Sea surface temperature (SST) variability from Cuba remains relatively unknown compared to the rest of the Caribbean. Cuba sits near an inflection point in the spatial pattern of SST from the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO), and long SST records from the region could reveal changes in the influence of this climate system through time. A Siderastrea siderea coral from the Jardínes de la Reina in southern Cuba was drilled to obtain a 220 year long archive of environmental change. The genus Siderastrea has not been extensively studied as an SST archive, yet Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios in the Cuban core show a clear seasonal signal and strong correlation to instrumental SST data (r2 = 0.86 and 0.36 for monthly and interannual (winter season) timescales, respectively). Annual growth rates (linear extension) of the coral are observed to have a minor influence on Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> variability, but do not show a direct correlation to SST on timescales from annual to multidecadal. Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> measurements from the Cuban coral are used to reconstruct monthly and seasonal (winter, summer) SST extending back more than two centuries. Wintertime SST in southern Cuba is compared to other coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> records of winter-season SST from locations sensitive to the NAO in order to investigate the stationarity of the NAO SST 'fingerprint' through time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2267998','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2267998"><span>Isotope Analysis Reveals Foraging Area Dichotomy for <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Leatherback Turtles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Angulo, Elena; Das, Krishna; Girondot, Marc</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Background The leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) has undergone a dramatic decline over the last 25 years, and this is believed to be primarily the result of mortality associated with fisheries bycatch followed by egg and nesting female harvest. <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> leatherback turtles undertake long migrations across ocean basins from subtropical and tropical nesting beaches to productive frontal areas. Migration between two nesting seasons can last 2 or 3 years, a time <span class="hlt">period</span> termed the remigration interval (RI). Recent satellite transmitter data revealed that <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> leatherbacks follow two major dispersion patterns after nesting season, through the North Gulf Stream area or more eastward across the North Equatorial Current. However, information on the whole RI is lacking, precluding the accurate identification of feeding areas where conservation measures may need to be applied. Methodology/Principal Findings Using stable isotopes as dietary tracers we determined the characteristics of feeding grounds of leatherback females nesting in French Guiana. During migration, 3-year RI females differed from 2-year RI females in their isotope values, implying differences in their choice of feeding habitats (offshore vs. more coastal) and foraging latitude (North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> vs. West African coasts, respectively). Egg-yolk and blood isotope values are correlated in nesting females, indicating that egg analysis is a useful tool for assessing isotope values in these turtles, including adults when not available. Conclusions/Significance Our results complement previous data on turtle movements during the first year following the nesting season, integrating the diet consumed during the year before nesting. We suggest that the French Guiana leatherback population segregates into two distinct isotopic groupings, and highlight the urgent need to determine the feeding habitats of the turtle in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> in order to protect this species from incidental take by commercial fisheries. Our</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoRL..42.5419Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoRL..42.5419Z"><span>On the evolution of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation Fingerprint and implications for decadal predictability in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Jinting; Zhang, Rong</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>It has been suggested previously that the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) anomaly associated with changes in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Deep Water formation propagates southward with an advection speed north of 34°N. In this study, using Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1), we show that this slow southward propagation of the AMOC anomaly is crucial for the evolution and the enhanced decadal predictability of the AMOC fingerprint—the leading mode of upper ocean heat content (UOHC) in the extratropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. A positive AMOC anomaly in northern high latitudes leads to a convergence/divergence of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> meridional heat transport (MHT) anomaly in the subpolar/Gulf Stream region, thus warming in the subpolar gyre (SPG) and cooling in the Gulf Stream region after several years. Recent decadal prediction studies successfully predicted the observed warm shift in the SPG in the mid-1990s. Our results here provide the physical mechanism for the enhanced decadal prediction skills in the SPG UOHC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4401178','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4401178"><span>Imaging Local <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ Signals in Cultured Mammalian Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lock, Jeffrey T.; Ellefsen, Kyle L.; Settle, Bret; Parker, Ian; Smith, Ian F.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Cytosolic <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ ions regulate numerous aspects of cellular activity in almost all cell types, controlling processes as wide-ranging as gene transcription, electrical excitability and cell proliferation. The diversity and specificity of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signaling derives from mechanisms by which <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signals are generated to act over different time and spatial scales, ranging from cell-wide oscillations and waves occurring over the <span class="hlt">periods</span> of minutes to local transient <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ microdomains (<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ puffs) lasting milliseconds. Recent advances in electron multiplied CCD (EMCCD) cameras now allow for imaging of local <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signals with a 128 x 128 pixel spatial resolution at rates of >500 frames sec-1 (fps). This approach is highly parallel and enables the simultaneous monitoring of hundreds of channels or puff sites in a single experiment. However, the vast amounts of data generated (<span class="hlt">ca</span>. 1 Gb per min) render visual identification and analysis of local <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ events impracticable. Here we describe and demonstrate the procedures for the acquisition, detection, and analysis of local IP3-mediated <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signals in intact mammalian cells loaded with <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ indicators using both wide-field epi-fluorescence (WF) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Furthermore, we describe an algorithm developed within the open-source software environment Python that automates the identification and analysis of these local <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ signals. The algorithm localizes sites of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release with sub-pixel resolution; allows user review of data; and outputs time sequences of fluorescence ratio signals together with amplitude and kinetic data in an Excel-compatible table. PMID:25867132</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP31C1289I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP31C1289I"><span>Holocene lowering of the Laurentide ice sheet affects North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyre circulation and climate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivanovic, R. F.; Gregoire, L. J.; Maycock, A.; Valdes, P. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Laurentide ice sheet, which covered Canada during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span>, had a major influence on atmospheric circulation and surface climate, but its role in climate during the early Holocene (9-7 ka), when it was thinner and confined around Hudson Bay, is unclear. It has been suggested that the demise of the ice sheet played a role in the 8.2 ka event (an abrupt 1-3 °C Northern Hemisphere cooling lasting 160 years) through the influence of changing topography on atmospheric circulation. To test this hypothesis, and to investigate the broader implications of changing ice sheet topography for climate, we analyse a set of equilibrium climate simulations with ice sheet topographies taken at 500 year intervals from 9.5 ka to 8.0 ka. Between 9.5 and 8.0 ka, our simulations show a 2 °C cooling south of Iceland and a 1 °C warming between 40-50° N in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These surface temperature changes are associated with a weakening of the subtropical and subpolar gyres caused by a decreasing wind stress curl over the mid-North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> as the ice sheet lowers. The climate response is strongest during the <span class="hlt">period</span> of peak ice volume change (9.5 ka - 8.5 ka), but becomes negligible after 8.5 ka. The climatic effects of the Laurentide ice sheet lowering are restricted to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector. Thus, topographic forcing did not play a significant role in the 8.2 ka event and had only a small effect on Holocene climate change compared to the effects of changes in greenhouse gases, insolation and ice sheet meltwater.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...46G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...46G"><span>Holocene lowering of the Laurentide ice sheet affects North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyre circulation and climate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gregoire, Lauren J.; Ivanovic, Ruza F.; Maycock, Amanda C.; Valdes, Paul J.; Stevenson, Samantha</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The Laurentide ice sheet, which covered Canada during glacial <span class="hlt">periods</span>, had a major influence on atmospheric circulation and surface climate, but its role in climate during the early Holocene (9-7 ka), when it was thinner and confined around Hudson Bay, is unclear. It has been suggested that the demise of the ice sheet played a role in the 8.2 ka event (an abrupt 1-3 °C Northern Hemisphere cooling lasting 160 years) through the influence of changing topography on atmospheric circulation. To test this hypothesis, and to investigate the broader implications of changing ice sheet topography for climate, we analyse a set of equilibrium climate simulations with ice sheet topographies taken at 500 year intervals from 9.5 to 8.0 ka. Between 9.5 and 8.0 ka, our simulations show a 2 °C cooling south of Iceland and a 1 °C warming between 40° and 50°N in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. These surface temperature changes are associated with a weakening of the subtropical and subpolar gyres caused by a decreasing wind stress curl over the mid-North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> as the ice sheet lowers. The climate response is strongest during the <span class="hlt">period</span> of peak ice volume change (9.5-8.5 ka), but becomes negligible after 8.5 ka. The climatic effects of the Laurentide ice sheet lowering during the Holocene are restricted to the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sector. Thus, topographic forcing is unlikely to have played a major role in the 8.2 ka event and had only a small effect on Holocene climate change compared to the effects of changes in greenhouse gases, insolation and ice sheet meltwater.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005GeoRL..3221709M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005GeoRL..3221709M"><span>Seasonal influence of ENSO on the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ and equatorial South America</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Münnich, M.; Neelin, J. D.</p> <p>2005-11-01</p> <p>In late boreal spring, especially May, a strong relationship exists in observations among precipitation anomalies over equatorial South America and the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), and eastern equatorial Pacific and central equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA). A chain of correlations of equatorial Pacific SSTA, western equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> wind stress (WEA), equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTA, sea surface height, and precipitation supports a causal chain in which El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) induces WEA stress anomalies, which in turn affect <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> equatorial ocean dynamics. These correlations show strong seasonality, apparently arising within the atmospheric links of the chain. This pathway and the influence of equatorial <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> SSTA on South American rainfall in May appear independent of that of the northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Brazil's Nordeste is affected by the northern tropical <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. The equatorial influence lies further to the north over the eastern Amazon and the Guiana Highlands.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PrOce.158...52S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PrOce.158...52S"><span>A tale of two gyres: Contrasting distributions of dissolved cobalt and iron in the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean during an <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Transect (AMT-19)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shelley, Rachel U.; Wyatt, Neil J.; Tarran, Glenn A.; Rees, Andrew P.; Worsfold, Paul J.; Lohan, Maeve C.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) are essential for phytoplankton nutrition, and as such constitute a vital link in the marine biological carbon pump. Atmospheric deposition is an important, and in some places the dominant, source of trace elements (TEs) to the global ocean. Dissolved cobalt (dCo) and iron (dFe) were determined along an <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Meridional Transect (AMT-19; Oct/Nov 2009) between 50°N and 40°S in the upper 150 m in order to investigate the behaviour and distribution of these two essential, bioactive TEs. During AMT-19, large differences in the distributions of dCo and dFe were observed. In the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyre provinces, extremely low mixed layer dCo concentrations (23 ± 9 pM) were observed, which contrasts with the relatively high mixed layer dFe concentrations (up to 1.0 nM) coincident with the band of highest atmospheric deposition (∼5-30°N). In the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyre, the opposite trend was observed, with relatively high dCo (55 ± 18 pM) observed throughout the water column, but low dFe concentrations (0.29 ± 0.08 nM). Given that annual dust supply is an order of magnitude greater in the North than the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>, the dCo distribution was somewhat unexpected. However, the distribution of dCo shows similarities with the distribution of phosphate (PO43-) in the euphotic zone of the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean, where the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyre is characterised by chronically low PO4, and higher concentrations are observed in the South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyre (Mather et al., 2008), suggesting the potential for a similar biological control of dCo distributions. Inverse correlations between dCo and Prochlorococcus abundance in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyre provinces, combined with extremely low dCo where nitrogen fixation rates were highest (∼20-28°N), suggests the dominance of biological controls on dCo distributions. The contrasting dCo and dFe distributions in the North and South <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> gyres provides insights into the differences between the dominant controls on the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.210..267D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.210..267D"><span>Fingerprinting Northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> water masses using neodymium isotopes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dubois-Dauphin, Quentin; Colin, Christophe; Bonneau, Lucile; Montagna, Paolo; Wu, Qiong; Van Rooij, David; Reverdin, Gilles; Douville, Eric; Thil, François; Waldner, Astrid; Frank, Norbert</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>-depth (<-13.5 ± 0.3) indicate that the MSW has no influence, even during <span class="hlt">periods</span> of low NAO index. Water masses deeper than 1200 m in the northeast <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> are clearly influenced by the less radiogenic Labrador Sea Water (LSW) (εNd between -13.4 ± 0.3 and -14.0 ± 0.3) that mixes locally in the Iceland basin with the Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) (between -10.3 ± 0.2 and -11.3 ± 0.3).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17..195S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17..195S"><span>Impact of fluctuation of hydro-physical regime in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> on the climate of Eurasia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Serykh, Ilya; Anisimov, Mikhail; Byshev, Vladimir; Neiman, Victor; Romanov, Juri</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>In the mid-1970s a heat content in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean has substantially changed. Because of its high energy value the event appears to have a significant impact on the regional environment. To verify this suggestion we analyzed the global ocean-atmosphere data related to the negative (1950-1970) and positive (1980-1999) phases of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Oscillation (NAO). The analysis of these data have shown the existence of a thermal dipole in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> upper layer which can be interpreted in a sense as an oceanic counterpart of atmospheric NAO. To identify this North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Dipole (NAD) its index was considered as the ocean 0-100-m layer temperature difference between regions (20°-40°N; 80°-30°W) and (50°-70°N; 60°-10°W). Then the NAD index was suggested a possible physical mechanism factor of the regional ocean-atmosphere system variability which in turn could produce a draw effect on the recent climate of Eurasia. The study showed that the current phase (2000-2013) of the climate in the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> region becomes qualitatively similar to the situation, typical for <span class="hlt">period</span> 1950-1970, when the index of continentality in the Eurasian region was a very high. There is a reason to believe that in the coming decades this index is likely to increase, that would be primarily manifested by relatively cold weather in winters and by hot-dry summer seasons. To assess the variability of ocean heat content it was used a General Ocean Circulation model developed at the Institute of numerical mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences. This model belongs to the class of σ-models, and its distinguishing feature is the splitting of the physical processes and spatial coordinates. By using the model there were performed numerical experiments for the evolution of hydrophysical regime of the North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Ocean at the <span class="hlt">period</span> of 1958-2006, with a spatial resolution of 0.25°x0.25° for 25 horizons with time window of 1 hour. As initial conditions for the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120015848','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120015848"><span>The Role of African Easterly Wave on Dust Transport and the Interaction Between Saharan Dust Layer and <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ During Boreal Summer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lau, William K. M.; Kim, Kyu-Myong</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, we investigate the relationships among Saharan dust outbreak and transport, African easterly waves (AEW), African easterly jet (AEJ) and associated convective activities of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) using Cloudsat-Calipso, MODIS and MERRA data. We find that a major Saharan dust outbreak is associated with the formation of a westward propagating strong cyclone around 15-25N over the western part northern Saharan. The strong cyclonic flow mobilizes and lifts the dust from the desert surface to a high elevation. As the cyclone propagate westward, it transports a thick elevated dust layer between 900 -500 hPa from the African continent to the eastern <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Cloudiness is reduced within the warm, dry dusty layer, but enhanced underneath it, possibly due to the presence of a shallow inversion layer over the marine boundary layer. The dust outbreak is linked to enhanced deep convection in the northern part of <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ, abutting the southern flank of the dust layer, and a strengthening of the northward flank of the AEJ. As the dust layer spreads westward, it loses elevation and becomes increasing diffused as it reaches the central and western <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span>. Using band pass filtered EOF analysis of MERRA winds, we find that AEWs propagating westward along two principal tracks, centered at 15-25N and 5-10N respectively. The easterly waves in the northern track are highly correlated with major dust outbreak over North Africa and associated with slower moving systems, with a quasi-<span class="hlt">periodicity</span> of 6-9 day. On the other hand, easterly waves along the southern track are faster, with quasi-<span class="hlt">periodicity</span> of 3-5 days. These faster easterly waves are closely tied to rainfall/cloud variations along the <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> ITCZ. Dust transport along the southern track by the faster waves generally leads rainfall/cloud anomalies in the same region by one or two days, suggesting the southern tracks of dust outbreak are regions of strong interaction between</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP51A1926X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMPP51A1926X"><span>Evaluation of Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span>-based paleoclimate reconstructions in modern and Medieval Diploria strigosa corals in the northeastern Caribbean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Y.; Pearson, S. P.; Kilbourne, K.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Tropical sea surface temperature (SST) has been implicated as a driver of climate changes during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 950-1300 A.D.) but little data exists from the tropical oceans during this time <span class="hlt">period</span>. We collected three modern and seven sub-fossil Diploria strigosa coral colonies from an overwash deposit on Anegada, British Virgin Islands (18.73 °N, 63.33 °W) in order to reconstruct climate in the northeastern Caribbean and Tropical North <span class="hlt">Atlantic</span> during the MCA. The first step in our reconstruction was to verify the climate signal from this species at this site. We sub-sampled the modern corals along thecal walls with an average sampling resolution of 11-13 samples per year. Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> ratios measured in the sub-samples were calibrated to temperature using three different calibration techniques (ordinary least squares, reduced major axis, and weighted least squares (WLS)) on the monthly data that includes the seasonal cycles and on the monthly anomaly data. WLS regression accounts for unequal errors in the x and y terms, so we consider it the most robust technique. The WLS regression slope between gridded SST and coral Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> is similar to the previous two calibrations of this species. Mean Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> for each of the three modern corals is 8.993 × 0.004 mmol/mol, 9.127 × 0.003 mmol/mol, and 8.960 × 0.007 mmol/mol. These straddle the mean Diploria strigosa Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> found by Giry et al., (2010), 9.080 mmol/mol, at a site with nearly the same mean SST as Anegada (27.4 °C vs. 27.5 °C). The climatological seasonal cycles for SST derived from the modern corals are statistically indistinguishable from the seasonal cycles in the instrumental SST data. The coral-based seasonal cycles have ranges of 2.70 × 0.31 °C, 2.65 × 0.08 °C and 2.71 × 0.53 °C. These results indicate that this calibration can be applied to our sub-fossil coral data. We applied the WLS calibration to monthly-resolution Sr/<span class="hlt">Ca</span> data from multiple sub-fossil corals dating to the medieval</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016819','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016819"><span>Subpopulation of store-operated <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ channels regulate <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-induced <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release in non-excitable cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yao, Jian; Li, Qin; Chen, Jin; Muallem, Shmuel</p> <p>2004-05-14</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+-induced <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release (CICR) is a well characterized activity in skeletal and cardiac muscles mediated by the ryanodine receptors. The present study demonstrates CICR in the non-excitable parotid acinar cells, which resembles the mechanism described in cardiac myocytes. Partial depletion of internal <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ stores leads to a minimal activation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx. <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx through this pathway results in an explosive mobilization of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ from the majority of the stores by CICR. Thus, stimulation of parotid acinar cells in <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ -free medium with 0.5 microm carbachol releases approximately 5% of the <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ mobilizable by 1 mm carbachol. Addition of external <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ induced the same <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release observed in maximally stimulated cells. Similar results were obtained by a short treatment with 2.5-10 microm cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ ATPase pump. The <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ release induced by the addition of external <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ was largely independent of IP(3)Rs because it was reduced by only approximately 30% by the inhibition of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors with caffeine or heparin. Measurements of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ -activated outward current and [<span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+](i) suggested that most CICR triggered by <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx occurred away from the plasma membrane. Measurement of the response to several concentrations of cyclopiazonic acid revealed that <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx that regulates CICR is associated with a selective portion of the internal <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ pool. The minimal activation of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx by partial store depletion was confirmed by the measurement of Mn2+ influx. Inhibition of <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx with SKF96365 or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate prevented activation of CICR observed on addition of external <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+. These findings provide evidence for activation of CICR by <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx in non-excitable cells, demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for <span class="hlt">Ca</span>2+ influx in triggering CICR, and indicate that CICR in non-excitable cells resembles CICR in cardiac myocytes with the exception that in</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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