Sample records for basalt sulfide saturation

  1. Controls on Highly Siderophile Element Concentrations in Martian Basalt: Sulfide Saturation and Under-Saturation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Righter, Kevin

    2009-01-01

    Highly siderophile elements (HSE; Re, Au and the platinum group elements) in shergottites exhibit a wide range from very high, similar to the terrestrial mantle, to very low, similar to sulfide saturated mid ocean ridge basalt (e.g., [1]). This large range has been difficult to explain without good constraints on sulfide saturation or under-saturation [2]. A new model for prediction of sulfide saturation places new constraints on this problem [3]. Shergottite data: For primitive shergottites, pressure and temperature estimates are between 1.2-1.5 GPa, and 1350-1470 C [4]. The range of oxygen fugacities is from FMQ-2 to IW, where the amount of Fe2O3 is low and thus does not have a significant effect on the S saturation values. Finally, the bulk compositions of shergottites have been reported in many recent studies (e.g., [5]). All of this information will be used to test whether shergottites are sulfide saturated [3]. Modeling values and results: The database for HSE partition coefficients has been growing with many new data for silicates and oxides [6-8] to complement a large sulfide database [9- 11]. Combining these data with simple batch melting models allows HSE contents of mantle melts to be estimated for sulfide-bearing vs. sulfide-free mantle. Combining such models with fractional crystallization modeling (e.g., [12]) allows HSE contents of more evolved liquids to be modeled. Most primitive shergottites have high HSE contents (and low S contents) that can be explained by sulfide under-saturated melting of the mantle. An exception is Dhofar 019 which has high S contents and very low HSE contents suggesting sulfide saturation. Most evolved basaltic shergottites have lower S contents than saturation, and intermediate HSE contents that can be explained by olivine, pyroxene, and chromite fractionation. An exception is EET A79001 lithology B, which has very low HSE contents and S contents higher than sulfide saturation values . evidence for sulfide saturation

  2. Sulfur release from the Columbia River Basalts and other flood lava eruptions constrained by a model of sulfide saturation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Blake, S.; Self, S.; Sharma, K.; Sephton, S.

    2010-11-01

    A very likely cause of widespread environmental impacts of flood basalt eruptions is the emission of sulfur, chlorine, and possibly fluorine from the erupting magma. We present new data on the S contents of rare glass inclusions and matrix glasses preserved in quenched lava selvages from lava fields of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG; Ginkgo, Sand Hollow and Sentinel Gap flows, Wanapum Basalt Formation). We compare these results with published data from Neral and Jawar Formation lavas (Deccan Traps, India) and the Roza flow (CRBG). CRBG glass inclusions have up to 2000 ppm S and 15-16 wt.% FeO total. By contrast, the Deccan examples have about 1400 ppm S and 10 wt.% FeO total. Several of the glass inclusions are partly degassed, indicating entrapment during magma rise, and matrix glasses are typically more evolved than glass inclusions due to small amounts of in situ crystallization. Using only the highest S inclusions and taking account of the effect of in situ crystallization and degassing on the S content of the residual matrix glasses indicates S yields of about 0.07 to 0.1 wt.% from Deccan eruptions and about 0.15 wt.% from Wanapum (CRBG) eruptions. The pre-eruptive S contents of these magmas correlate with weight% FeO total in the same way as undegassed sulfide-saturated mid-ocean ridge basalts. Using oceanic basalts to define a sulfide saturation line, and data on S contents of degassed basalts, we propose an equation to estimate the weight% S yield (ΔS) from initially sulfide-saturated basalt liquid without the need to find well-preserved, rare, undegassed glass inclusions and matrix glasses: ΔS=(0.01418×FeO-0.06381)±0.02635. This compares well with independent estimates derived from the petrologic method by taking the difference in S concentration of glass inclusions and matrix glass. Applying our method to the aphyric Grande Ronde Basalts of the CRBG implies a total yield of about 1000 Gt SO 2 delivered into the Miocene atmosphere in

  3. A sulfide-saturated lunar mantle?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brenan, James M.; Mungall, James E.

    2017-04-01

    Although much work has been done to understand the controls on the sulfur content at sulfide saturation (SCSS) for terrestrial melt compositions, little information exists to evaluate the SCSS for the high FeO compositions typical of lunar magmas, and at the reduced conditions of the Moon's interior. Experiments were done to measure the SCSS for a model low Ti mare basalt with 20 wt% FeO at 1400oC as a function of fO2 and pressure. Synthetic lunar basalt was encapsulated along with stoichiometric FeS in capsules made from Fe-Ir alloy. The fO2 of the experiment can be estimated by the heterogeneous equilibrium: Femetal + 1 /2 O2 = FeOsilicate Variation in the metal composition, by addition of Ir, serves to change the fO2 of the experiment. Capsule compositions spanning the range Fe25Ir75 to Fe96Ir4 (at%) were synthesized by sintering of pressed powders under reducing conditions. Fe100 capsules were fabricated from pure Fe rod. For a melt with 20 wt% FeO, this range in capsule composition spans the fO2 interval of ˜IW-1 (Fe100, Fe96Ir4) to IW+2.2 (Fe25Ir75). Experiments were done over the pressure interval of 0.1 MPa to 2 GPa. Results for experiments involving Fe100capsules indicate that the SCSS decreases from ˜2000 ppm (0.1 MPa) to 700 ppm (2 GPa). Experiments done thus far at 1 GPa, involving the range of capsule compositions indicated, show a marked decrease in SCSS as the Fe content of the capsule increases (fO2 decreases). Complementary to the decrease in SCSS is a drop in the sulfur content of the coexisting sulfide melt, from ˜50 at% at ΔIW = +2.2 to ˜20 at% at ΔIW-1. In fact, both the composition of the sulfide melt and the SCSS are essentially indistinguishable for Fe96Ir4 and Fe100 compositions. Results thus far indicate that at reduced conditions and high pressure, the SCSS for high FeO lunar compositions is low, and overlaps with Apollo 11 melt inclusion data. Importantly, such low SCSS does not require Fe metal saturation, and suggests that some

  4. Interpreting HSE Contents of Planetary Basalts: The Importance of Sulfide Saturation and Under-Saturation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Righter, K.

    2000-01-01

    Highly siderophile elements provide important constraints on planetary differentiation due to their siderophile behavior. Their interpretation in terms of planetary differentiation models has so far overlooked the importance of sulfide saturation and under-saturation.

  5. Sulfur Concentration of High-FeO* Basalts at Sulfide Saturation at High Pressures and Temperatures - Implications for Deep Sulfur Cycle on Mars (Invited)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dasgupta, R.; Ding, S.

    2013-12-01

    One of the chief influences of magma in the mantles terrestrial planets is its role in outgassing and ingassing of key volatiles and thus affecting planetary dynamics and climate over long timescales. For Mars, magmatic release of greenhouse gases has been argued to be a major factor in creating warm ancient climate. However, the responsible magmatic gas has not been unequivocally identified. SO2 or H2S could have been the main greenhouse gases, yet the magmatic outflux of S from the martian mantle is poorly constrained. Righter et al. [1] showed that the use of sulfur content at sulfide saturation (SCSS) models based on low-FeO*, high-alumina terrestrial basalts to martian basalts leads to significant error. However, experiments on high-FeO* basalts remain limited to ≤0.8 GPa [1], although the onset of melting in the martian mantle may take place at 250-400 km depth (3-5 GPa) [2]. To constrain SCSS of martian magmas at mantle conditions, we simulated basalt-sulfide melt equilibria using two synthesized meteorite compositions, i.e., Yamato980459 (FeO* ˜17 wt.%; Al2O3 ˜6 wt.%) and NWA2990 (FeO* ˜16 wt.%; Al2O3 ˜9 wt.%) in both anhydrous and hydrous conditions at 1-3 GPa and 1500-1700 °C. Experiments were conducted in graphite capsules, using an end-loaded piston cylinder device. Sulfur contents of sulfide melt-saturated experimental quenched basalts were determined using electron microprobe. Our experimental results show that SCSS decreases with increasing pressure and increases with increasing temperature and melt hydration. Based on our experimental SCSS and those from previous low-pressure experiments on high-FeO* martian basalts [2], we developed a new parameterization to predict martian basalt SCSS as a function of depth, temperature, and melt composition. Our model suggests that at the conditions of last equilibration with the sulfide-saturated mantle [2], martian basalts may contain as high as 3500-4700 ppm S and thus S-rich gases might have caused the

  6. Sulfur concentration of mare basalts at sulfide saturation at high pressures and temperatures-Implications for S in the lunar mantle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ding, S.; Hough, T.; Dasgupta, R.

    2016-12-01

    Low estimate of S in the bulk silicate moon (BSM) [e.g., 1] suggests that sulfide in the lunar mantle is likely exhausted during melting. This agrees with estimates of HSE depletion in the BSM [2], but challenges the S-rich core proposed by previous studies [e.g., 3]. A key parameter to constrain the fate of sulfide during mantle melting is the sulfur carrying capacity of the mantle melts (SCSS). However, the SCSS of variably high-Ti lunar basalts at high P-Tare unknown. Basalt-sulfide melt equilibria experiments were run in graphite capsules using a piston cylinder at 1.0-2.5 GPa and 1400-1600 °C, on high-Ti (Apollo11, 11.1 wt.%; [4]) and intermediate-Ti (Luna16, 5 wt.%; [5]) mare basalts. At 1.5 GPa, SCSS of Apollo11 increases from 3940 ppm S to 5860 ppm, as temperature increases from 1400 °C to 1600 °C. And at 1500 °C, SCSS decreases from 5350 ppm S to 3830 ppm, as pressure increases from 1 to 2.5 GPa. SCSS of Luna16 shows a similar P-T dependence. Previous models [e.g., 6] tend to overestimate the SCSS values determined in our study, with the model overprediction increasing with increasing melt TiO2. Consequently, we derive a new SCSS parameterization for high-FeO* silicate melts of variable TiO2content. At multiple saturation points [e.g., 7], the SCSS of primary lunar melts is 3500-5500 ppm. With these values, 0.02-0.05 wt.% sulfide (70-200 ppm S) in the mantle can be consumed by 2-6% melting. In order to generate primary lunar basalts with S of 800-1000 ppm [1], sulfide in the mantle must be exhausted, and the mode of sulfide cannot exceed 0.025 wt.% (100 ppm S). This estimate corresponds with lower end values in the terrestrial mantle and further agrees with previous calculations of HSE depletion in the BSM [2]. [1] Hauri et al.,2015, EPSL; [2] Day et al.,2007, Science; [3] Jing et al., 2014, EPSL; [4] Synder et al.,1992, GCA; [5] Warren & Taylor, 2014, Treatise on Geochemistry; [6] Li & Ripley, 2009, Econ.Geol ; [7] Krawczynski & Grove, 2012, GCA.

  7. New high pressure experiments on sulfide saturation of high-FeO∗ basalts with variable TiO2 contents - Implications for the sulfur inventory of the lunar interior

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ding, Shuo; Hough, Taylor; Dasgupta, Rajdeep

    2018-02-01

    In order to constrain sulfur concentration in intermediate to high-Ti mare basalts at sulfide saturation (SCSS), we experimentally equilibrated FeS melt and basaltic melt using a piston cylinder at 1.0-2.5 GPa and 1400-1600 °C, with two silicate compositions similar to high-Ti (Apollo 11: A11, ∼11.1 wt.% TiO2, 19.1 wt.% FeO∗, and 39.6 wt.% SiO2) and intermediate-Ti (Luna 16, ∼5 wt.% TiO2, 18.7 wt.% FeO∗, and 43.8 wt.% SiO2) mare basalts. Our experimental results show that SCSS increases with increasing temperature, and decreases with increasing pressure, which are similar to the results from previous experimental studies. SCSS in the A11 melt is systematically higher than that in the Luna 16 melt, which is likely due to higher FeO∗, and lower SiO2 and Al2O3 concentration in the former. Compared to the previously constructed SCSS models, including those designed for high-FeO∗ basalts, the SCSS values determined in this study are generally lower than the predicted values, with overprediction increasing with increasing melt TiO2 content. We attribute this to the lower SiO2 and Al2O3 concentration of the lunar magmas, which is beyond the calibration range of previous SCSS models, and also more abundant FeTiO3 complexes in our experimental melts that have higher TiO2 contents than previous models' calibration range. The formation of FeTiO3 complexes lowers the activity of FeO∗, a FeO∗silicatemelt , and therefore causes SCSS to decrease. To accommodate the unique lunar compositions, we have fitted a new SCSS model for basaltic melts of >5 wt.% FeO∗ and variable TiO2 contents. Using previous chalcophile element partitioning experiments that contained more complex Fe-Ni-S sulfide melts, we also derived an empirical correction that allows SCSS calculation for basalts where the equilibrium sulfides contain variable Ni contents of 10-50 wt.%. At the pressures and temperatures of multiple saturation points, SCSS of lunar magmas with compositions from

  8. Temperature dependence of sulfide and sulfate solubility in olivine-saturated basaltic magmas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beermann, O.; Botcharnikov, R. E.; Holtz, F.; Diedrich, O.; Nowak, M.

    2011-12-01

    The sulfur concentration at pyrrhotite- and anhydrite-saturation in primitive hydrous basaltic melt of the 2001-2002 eruption of Mt. Etna was determined at 200 MPa, T = 1050-1250 °C and at log fO 2 from FMQ to FMQ+2.2 (FMQ is Fayalite-Magnetite-Quartz oxygen buffer). At 1050 °C Au sample containers were used. A double-capsule technique, using a single crystal olivine sample container closed with an olivine piston, embedded in a sealed Au 80Pd 20 capsule, was developed to perform experiments in S-bearing hydrous basaltic systems at T > 1050 °C. Pyrrhotite is found to be a stable phase coexisting with melt at FMQ-FMQ+0.3, whereas anhydrite is stable at FMQ+1.4-FMQ+2.2. The S concentration in the melt increases almost linearly from 0.12 ± 0.01 to 0.39 ± 0.02 wt.% S at FeS-saturation and from 0.74 ± 0.01 to 1.08 ± 0.04 wt.% S at anhydrite-saturation with T ranging from 1050-1250 °C. The relationships between S concentration at pyrrhotite and/or anhydrite saturation, MgO content of the olivine-saturated melt, T, and log fO 2 observed in this study and from previous data are used to develop an empirical model for estimating the magmatic T and fO 2 from the S and MgO concentrations of H 2O-bearing olivine-saturated basaltic melts. The model can also be used to determine maximum S concentrations, if fO 2 and MgO content of the melt are known. The application of the model to compositions of melt inclusions in olivines from Mt. Etna indicates that the most primitive magmas trapped in inclusions might have been stored at log fO 2 slightly higher than FMQ+1 and at T = 1100-1150 °C, whereas more evolved melts could have been trapped at T ⩽ 1100 °C. These values are in a good agreement with the estimates obtained by other independent methods reported in the literature.

  9. Empirical equations to predict the sulfur content of mafic magmas at sulfide saturation and applications to magmatic sulfide deposits

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Chusi; Ripley, Edward M.

    2005-03-01

    Empirical equations to predict the sulfur content of a mafic magma at the time of sulfide saturation have been developed based on several sets of published experimental data. The S content at sulfide saturation (SCSS) can be expressed as: ln X_{text S} = 1.229 - 0.74(10^4/T) - 0.021(P) - 0.311 ln X_{{text{FeO}}} - 6.166X_{{text{SiO}}_{text{2}}} - 9.153X_{{text{Na}}_{text{2}} {text{O + K}}_{text{2}} {text{O}}} - 1.914X_{{text{MgO}}} + 6.594X_{{text{FeO}}} where T is in degrees Kelvin, X is mole fraction and P is in kbar. The squared multiple correlation coefficient ( r 2) for the equation is 0.88. Application of the equation to data from sulfide-saturated mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) samples show that the SCSS is closely predicted for primitive MORBs, but that accuracy decreases for lower T (<1,130°C) and more evolved MORB samples. This suggests that because the calibrations are based on anhydrous experimental runs done at temperatures of 1,200°C and above, it is not possible to extrapolate them to significantly lower temperatures and hydrous conditions. Because the SCSS of a primitive MORB magma increases with decreasing P, sulfide saturation in MORB appears to be a function of the degree of en route assimilation of S from country rocks as well as the degree of fractional crystallization in shallow staging chambers. Application of the equation to the high- T impact melt sheet that produced the Sudbury Igneous Complex and associated Ni-Cu sulfide ores indicates that sulfide-saturation was reached at 1,500°C, well above the start of orthopyroxene crystallization at 1,190°C. This would permit ample time for the gravitational settling and collection of immiscible sulfide liquid that produced the high-grade ore bodies. The development of a platinum group element (PGE)-enriched layer in the Sonju Lake Intrusion of the Duluth Complex is thought to be due to the attainment of sulfide saturation in the magma after a period of fractional crystallization. Using the

  10. Copper solubility in a basaltic melt and sulfide liquid/silicate melt partition coefficients of Cu and Fe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ripley, Edward M.; Brophy, James G.; Li, Chusi

    2002-09-01

    The solubility of copper in a sulfur-saturated basaltic melt has been determined at 1245°C as a function of fO 2 and fS 2. Copper solubilities at log fO 2 values between -8 and -11 fall into two distinct populations as a function of fS 2. At log fS 2 values < -1.65, sulfide liquid that coexists with the basaltic glass quenches to sulfur-poor bornite solid solution. At log fS 2 values in excess of -1.65, the sulfide liquid quenches to a complex intergrowth of sulfur-rich bornite and intermediate solid solution. Copper solubilities in the low-fS 2 population range from 594 to 1550 ppm, whereas those in the high-fS 2 population range from 80 to 768 ppm. Sulfide liquid/silicate liquid partition coefficients (D) for Cu and Fe range from 480 to 1303 and 0.7 to 13.6, respectively. Metal-sulfur complexing in the silicate liquid is shown to be insignificant relative to metal-oxide complexing for Fe but permissible for Cu at high fS 2 values. On log D Fe (sulfide-silicate) and log D Cu (sulfide-silicate) vs. 1/2 (log fS 2 - log fO 2) diagrams, both fS 2 populations show distinct but parallel trends. The observation of two D values for any fS 2/fO 2 ratio indicates nonideal mixing of species involved in the exchange reaction. The two distinct trends observed for both Cu and Fe are thought to be due to variations in activity coefficient ratios (e.g., γ FeO/γ FeS and γ CuO 0.5/γ CuS 0.5). Results of the experiments suggest that accurate assessments of fS 2/fO 2 ratios are required for the successful numerical modeling of processes such as the partial melting of sulfide-bearing mantle and the crystallization of sulfide-bearing magmas, as well as the interpretation of sulfide mineralogical zoning. In addition, the experiments provide evidence for oxide or oxy-sulfide complexing for Cu in silicate magmas and suggest that the introduction of externally derived sulfur to mafic magma may be an important process for the formation of Cu-rich disseminated magmatic sulfide ore

  11. Rhenium - osmium heterogeneity of enriched mantle basalts explained by composition and behaviour of mantle-derived sulfides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harvey, J.; Dale, C. W.; Gannoun, A.; Burton, K. W.

    2010-12-01

    Analyses of enriched mantle (EM) -basalts, using lithophile element-based isotope systems have long provided evidence for discrete, but variable mantle reservoirs [1]. Upon partial melting, the isotopic fingerprint of each reservoir is imparted upon the partial melt produced. However, recent work involving the Re-Os isotope systematics of EM-basalts [2] suggests that it may not be so simple to delimit these previously well defined mantle reservoirs; the “mantle zoo” [3] may contain more reservoirs than previously envisaged. However, a simple model, with varying contributions from two populations of compositionally distinct mantle sulfides can readily account for the observed heterogeneities in Re-Os isotope systematics of such basalts without additional mantle reservoirs. Rhenium-osmium elemental and isotopic analyses of individual sulfide grains separated from spinel lherzolites from Kilbourne Hole, NM, USA demonstrate that two discrete populations of mantle sulfide exist in terms of both Re-Os systematics and textural relationship with co-existing silicates. One population, with a rounded morphology, is preserved in silicate grains and typically possesses high [Os], low [Re] with unradiogenic, typically sub-chondritic, 187Os/188Os attributable to long term isolation in a low-Re environment. By contrast, irregular-shaped sulfides, preserved along silicate grain boundaries, possess low [Os], higher [Re] and a wider range of, but generally supra-chondritic, 187Os/188Os ([Os] typically ≤ 1-2 ppm, 187Os/188Os ≤ 0.3729; this study). This population is thought to represent metasomatic sulfide (e.g. [4,5]). Uncontaminated silicate phases contain negligible Os (<100 ppt) therefore the Os elemental and isotope composition of basalts is dominated by volumetrically insignificant sulfide ([Os] ≤ 37 ppm, this study). During the early stages of partial melting, supra-chondritic interstitial sulfides are mobilized and incorporated into the melt, adding their radiogenic

  12. Sulfides from Martian and Lunar Basalts: Comparative Chemistry for Ni Co Cu and Se

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    J Papike; P Burger; C Shearer

    2011-12-31

    Here Mars and Moon are used as 'natural laboratories' with Moon displaying lower oxygen fugacities ({approx}IW-1) than Mars ({approx}IW to FMQ). Moon has lower concentrations of Ni and Co in basaltic melts than does Mars. The major sulfides are troilite (FeS) in lunar basalts and pyrrhotite (Fe{sub 1-x}S) in martian basalts. This study focuses on the concentrations of Ni, Co, Cu, and Se. We chose these elements because of their geochemical importance and the feasibility of analyzing them with a combination of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) and electron microprobe (EPMA) techniques. The selenium concentrations could only be analyzed, at highmore » precision, with SXRF techniques as they are <150 ppm, similar to concentrations seen in carbonaceous chondrites and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). Nickel and Co are in higher concentrations in martian sulfides than lunar and are higher in martian olivine-bearing lithologies than olivine-free varieties. The sulfides in individual samples show very large ranges in concentration (e.g., Ni ranges from 50 000 ppm to <5 ppm). These large ranges are mainly due to compositional heterogeneities within individual grains due to diffusion and phase separation. Electron microprobe wavelength-dispersive (WDS) mapping of Ni, Co, and Cu show the diffusion trajectories. Nickel and Co have almost identical diffusion trajectories leading to the likely nucleation of pentlandite (Ni,Co,Fe){sub 9}S{sub 8}, and copper diffuses along separate pathways likely toward chalcopyrite nucleation sites (CuFeS{sub 2}). The systematics of Ni and Co in lunar and martian sulfides clearly distinguish the two parent bodies, with martian sulfides displaced to higher Ni and Co values.« less

  13. Partitioning of palladium, iridium, platinum, and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt at 1,200 degree C

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stone, W.E.; Crocket, J.H.; Fleet, M.E.

    1990-08-01

    Iron-nickel monosulfide and basalt glass containing trace amounts of PGE equilibrated at 1,200{degree}C, and f{sub o{sub 2}} = 10{sup {minus}9.2} (close to the wustite-magnetite buffer) and f{sub s{sub 2}} = 10{sup {minus}0.9}, have been analyzed for noble metals by radiochemical and instrumental neutron activation analysis. The average contents of PGE in coexisting Fe-Ni sulfide and basalt glass, respectively, are Pd, 50 ppm and 0.5 ppb; Ir, 50 ppm and 0.5 ppb; Pt, 100 ppm and 10 ppb; and Au, 0.7 ppm and 0.8 ppb. The sulfide liquid-silicate melt partition coefficients (D values) for the noble metals are (9 {plus minus}more » 7) {times} 10{sup 4} for Pd, (1 {plus minus} 0.7) {times} 10{sup 5} for Ir, (9 {plus minus} 6) {times} 10{sup 3} Pt, and (1 {plus minus} 0.9) {times} 10{sup 3} for Au. The noble metals are strongly partitioned into sulfide liquid, but the affinity of Pd and Ir for sulfide liquid is about 50 times greater than that of Pt and about 500 times greater than that of Au. The D values indicate that equilibrium partitioning between immiscible sulfide liquid and basalt magma would result in fractionation of the noble metals, which differs significantly from that generally observed in nature.« less

  14. Volcanic sulfur degassing and the role of sulfides in controlling volcanic metal emissions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Edmonds, M.; Liu, E.

    2017-12-01

    Volcanoes emit prodigious quantities of sulfur and metals, their behaviour inextricably linked through pre-eruptive sulfide systematics and through degassing and speciation in the volcanic plume. Fundamental differences exist in the metal output of ocean island versus arc volcanoes, with volcanoes in Hawaii and Iceland outgassing large fluxes of gaseous and particulate chalcophiles; and arc volcanoes' plumes, in contrast, enriched in Zn, Cu, Tl and Pb. Metals and metalloids partition into a magmatic vapor phase from silicate melt at crustal pressures. Their abundance in magmatic vapor is influenced strongly by sulfide saturation and by the composition of the magmatic vapor phase, particularly with respect to chloride. These factors are highly dependent on tectonic setting. Metal outgassing is controlled by magma water content and redox: deep saturation in vapor and minimal sulfide in arc basalts yields metal-rich vapor; shallow degassing and resorption of sulfides feeds the metal content of volcanic gas in ocean islands. We present a detailed study of the sulfide systematics of the products of the 2014-2015 Holuhraun basaltic fissure eruption (Bárðarbunga volcanic system, Iceland) to illustrate the interplay between late water and sulfur outgassing; sulfide saturation and breakdown; and metal partitioning into a vapor phase. Sulfide globules, representing quenched droplets of an immiscible sulfide liquid, are preserved within erupted tephra. Sulfide globules in rapidly quenched tephra are preserved within both matrix glass and as inclusions in crystals. The stereologically-corrected 3D size distribution of sulfide globules ranges from <1 µm to 43 µm, with a modal diameter of 14-17 µm (by number). Sulfides are not uniformly distributed, and are commonly observed in association with either sub-millimetre-scale plagioclase-clinopyroxene-olivine glomerocrysts or with bubbles. Maximum dissolved sulfur concentrations of 1750 ppm in melt inclusions and matrix glass

  15. Sulfur K-edge XANES analysis of natural and synthetic basaltic glasses: Implications for S speciation and S content as function of oxygen fugacity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jugo, Pedro J.; Wilke, Max; Botcharnikov, Roman E.

    2010-05-01

    XANES analyses at the sulfur K-edge were used to determine the oxidation state of S in natural and synthetic basaltic glasses and to constrain the fO2 conditions for the transition from sulfide (S2-) to sulfate (S6+) in silicate melts. XANES spectra of basaltic samples from the Galapagos spreading center, the Juan de Fuca ridge and the Lau Basin showed a dominant broad peak at 2476.8 eV, similar to the spectra obtained from synthetic sulfide-saturated basalts and pyrrhotite. An additional sharp peak at 2469.8 eV, similar to that of crystalline sulfides, was present in synthetic glasses quenched from hydrous melts but absent in anhydrous glasses and may indicate differences in sulfide species with hydration or presence of minute sulfide inclusions exsolved during quenching. The XANES spectra of a basalt from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, and absarokitic basalts from the Cascades Range, Oregon, U.S.A., showed a sharp peak at 2482.8 eV, characteristic of synthetic sulfate-saturated basaltic glasses and crystalline sulfate-bearing minerals such as haüyne. Basaltic samples from the Lamont Seamount, the early submarine phase of Kilauea volcano and the Loihi Seamount showed unequivocal evidence of the coexistence of S2- and S6+ species, emphasizing the relevance of S6+ to these systems. XANES spectra of basaltic glasses synthesized in internally-heated pressure vessels and equilibrated at fO2 ranging from FMQ-1.7 to FMQ+2.7 showed systematic changes in the features related to S2- and S6+ with changes in fO2. No significant features related to sulfite (S4+) species were observed. These results were used to construct a function that allows estimates of S6+/ΣS from XANES data. Theoretical considerations and comparison of compiled S6+/ΣS data obtained by SKα shifts estimated with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and S6+/ΣS obtained from XANES spectra show that data obtained from EPMA measurements underestimate S6+/ΣS in samples that are sulfate

  16. Sulfur K-edge XANES analysis of natural and synthetic basaltic glasses: Implications for S speciation and S content as function of oxygen fugacity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jugo, Pedro J.; Wilke, Max; Botcharnikov, Roman E.

    2010-10-01

    XANES analyses at the sulfur K-edge were used to determine the oxidation state of S species in natural and synthetic basaltic glasses and to constrain the fO 2 conditions for the transition from sulfide (S 2-) to sulfate (S 6+) in silicate melts. XANES spectra of basaltic samples from the Galapagos spreading center, the Juan de Fuca ridge and the Lau Basin showed a dominant broad peak at 2476.8 eV, similar to the spectra obtained from synthetic sulfide-saturated basalts and pyrrhotite. An additional sharp peak at 2469.8 eV, similar to that of crystalline sulfides, was present in synthetic glasses quenched from hydrous melts but absent in anhydrous glasses and may indicate differences in sulfide species with hydration or presence of minute sulfide inclusions exsolved during quenching. The XANES spectra of a basalt from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, and absarokitic basalts from the Cascades Range, Oregon, USA, showed a sharp peak at 2482.8 eV, characteristic of synthetic sulfate-saturated basaltic glasses and crystalline sulfate-bearing minerals such as hauyne. Basaltic samples from the Lamont Seamount, the early submarine phase of Kilauea volcano and the Loihi Seamount showed unequivocal evidence of the coexistence of S 2- and S 6+ species, emphasizing the relevance of S 6+ to these systems. XANES spectra of basaltic glasses synthesized in internally-heated pressure vessels and equilibrated at fO 2 ranging from FMQ - 1.4 to FMQ + 2.7 showed systematic changes in the features related to S 2- and S 6+ with changes in fO 2. No significant features related to sulfite (S 4+) species were observed. These results were used to construct a function that allows estimates of S 6+/ΣS from XANES data. Comparison of S 6+/ΣS data obtained by S Kα shifts measured with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), S 6+/ΣS obtained from XANES spectra, and theoretical considerations show that data obtained from EPMA measurements underestimate S 6+/ΣS in samples that

  17. Evidence for a sulfur-undersaturated lunar interior from the solubility of sulfur in lunar melts and sulfide-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Steenstra, E. S.; Seegers, A. X.; Eising, J.; Tomassen, B. G. J.; Webers, F. P. F.; Berndt, J.; Klemme, S.; Matveev, S.; van Westrenen, W.

    2018-06-01

    Sulfur concentrations at sulfide saturation (SCSS) were determined for a range of low- to high-Ti lunar melt compositions (synthetic equivalents of Apollo 14 black and yellow glass, Apollo 15 green glass, Apollo 17 orange glass and a late-stage lunar magma ocean melt, containing between 0.2 and 25 wt.% TiO2) as a function of pressure (1-2.5 GPa) and temperature (1683-1883 K). For the same experiments, sulfide-silicate partition coefficients were derived for elements V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Sn, Sb, Te, W and Pb. The SCSS is a strong function of silicate melt composition, most notably FeO content. An increase in temperature increases the SCSS and an increase in pressure decreases the SCSS, both in agreement with previous work on terrestrial, lunar and martian compositions. Previously reported SCSS values for high-FeO melts were combined with the experimental data reported here to obtain a new predictive equation to calculate the SCSS for high-FeO lunar melt compositions. Calculated SCSS values, combined with previously estimated S contents of lunar low-Ti basalts and primitive pyroclastic glasses, suggest their source regions were not sulfide saturated. Even when correcting for the currently inferred maximum extent of S degassing during or after eruption, sample S abundances are still > 700 ppm lower than the calculated SCSS values for these compositions. To achieve sulfide saturation in the source regions of low-Ti basalts and lunar pyroclastic glasses, the extent of degassing of S in lunar magma would have to be orders of magnitude higher than currently thought, inconsistent with S isotopic and core-to-rim S diffusion profile data. The only lunar samples that could have experienced sulfide saturation are some of the more evolved A17 high-Ti basalts, if sulfides are Ni- and/or Cu rich. Sulfide saturation in the source regions of lunar melts is also inconsistent with the sulfide-silicate partitioning systematics of Ni, Co and Cu. Segregation of

  18. Effect of sulfate on the liquidus and sulfur concentration at anhydrite saturation (SCAS) of hydrous basalt at subduction zones

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chowdhury, P.; Dasgupta, R.

    2017-12-01

    Sulfur (S) as sulfide minerals, melts, and as S2- species in silicate melts is prevalent in many different tectono-magmatic settings in Earth. Yet, S as anhydrite or as SO42- species in fluids and melts is thought to be relevant for subduction zones, where the presence of sulfate over sulfide is argued to play a key role in processes such as mobility of chalcophile element [e.g., 1], oxidation of mantle and mantle-derived magmas [2], and release of excess S-rich gases [3]. However, it remains unclear what role the slab-released SO42-, dissolved in fluids or melts plays in magma genesis in sub-arc mantle. Furthermore, although oxidized arc magma is thought to transport SO42- from mantle to volcanic arc crust and atmosphere, the SO42- carrying capacity of arc basalts at mantle conditions are unknown as the existing S concentration at anhydrite saturation (SCAS) experiments are restricted to 1 GPa and mostly on felsic compositions [e.g. 4,5]. We performed piston-cylinder experiments in Au-Pd capsules at 1-3 GPa and 1000-1325 °C to investigate (a) the effect of variable dissolved SO42- (0-2 wt.% S) on the liquidus of a primary hydrous arc basalt with 4 wt.% H2O and (b) the SCAS of hydrous mafic magmas. Dissolved SO42- in the silicate melt was confirmed by S Kα X-ray peak position using electron microprobe. S-free hydrous liquidus of cpx at 2 GPa is 25 °C hotter than the liquidus with 0.1 wt.% S as SO42- and the liquidus depression with further S enrichment to anhydrite saturation ( 2 wt.% S) can be fitted by an empirical power function. Experiments on more mafic compositions show that SCAS increases with increasing temperature and CaO and decreases with SiO2. Calculations using a new SCAS model, fitted with our new data and previous experiments, and assuming 150-550 ppm S in the arc mantle [6] show that <10% melting would exhaust anhydrite, if present. The S content as SO42- of hydrous arc basalts produced by 10-20% melting [7] will be 500-4000 ppm, which is

  19. Interplay of crystal fractionation, sulfide saturation and oxygen fugacity on the iron isotope composition of arc lavas: An example from the Marianas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Williams, H. M.; Prytulak, J.; Woodhead, J. D.; Kelley, K. A.; Brounce, M.; Plank, T.

    2018-04-01

    Subduction zone systems are central to a multitude of processes from the evolution of the continental crust to the concentration of metals into economically viable deposits. The interplay between oxygen fugacity, sulfur saturation, fluid exsolution and fractionating mineral assemblages that gives rise to typical arc magma chemical signatures is, however, still poorly understood and novel geochemical approaches are required to make further progress. Here we examine a well-characterized suite of arc lavas from the Marianas (W. Pacific) for their stable Fe isotope composition. In agreement with previous work and mass balance considerations, contributions from sediments and/or fluids are shown to have negligible effect on Fe isotopes. Instead, we focus on disentangling processes occurring during basalt through dacite differentiation using a sample suite from the island of Anatahan. Anatahan whole rock Fe isotope compositions (δ57Fe) range from -0.05 ± 0.05 to 0.17 ± 0.03 (2 S.D.)‰. A fractionation model is constructed, where three distinct stages of differentiation are required to satisfy the combined major and trace element and isotopic observations. In particular, the sequestration of isotopically heavy Fe into magnetite and isotopically light Fe into sulfide melts yields important constraints. The data require that lavas are first undersaturated with respect to crystalline or molten sulfide, followed by the crystallisation of magnetite, which then triggers late sulfide saturation. The model demonstrates that the final stage of removal of liquid or crystalline sulfide can effectively sequester Cu (and presumably other chalcophiles) and that late stage exsolution of magmatic fluids or brines may not be required to do this, although these processes are not mutually exclusive. Finally, the new Fe isotope data are combined with previous Tl-Mo-V stable isotope determinations on the same samples. Importantly, the multi-valent transition metal stable isotope systems of

  20. Sulfur in Hydrous, Oxidized Basaltic Magmas: Phase Equilibria and Melt Solubilities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pichavant, M.; Scaillet, B.; di Carlo, I.; Rotolo, S.; Metrich, N.

    2006-05-01

    basalt, sulphides were found to coexist with anhydrite in a fO2 range as high as NNO+3.0. Melts at equilibrium with anhydrite have S concentrations, measured by electron microprobe, of 2070 ppm (basaltic andesite), 5600 ppm (K basalt) and 6500-6550 ppm (picritic basalt). These values reach concentrations similar to found previously for hydrous oxidized trachyandesite melts at 1000 ° C but are significantly less than recent determinations for dry basaltic melts saturated with sulfate at 1300 ° C. Two anhydrite-saturated glasses, investigated by XANES spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge, show S to be present only as sulfate species. At lower fO2, between NNO and NNO+1, S concentrations in melts synthesized in AuPd capsules strongly decrease because most of the S present is sequestered in the Pd-rich phases. When Au capsules are used (basaltic andesite experiments), there is no marked effect of fO2 on S solubility in this fO2 range: 2250 ppm S (NNO+1.3, sulfide-saturated) vs. 2070 ppm S (NNO+4.1, anhydrite-saturated). This is consistent with the predominance of sulfate species at NNO+1.3 although sulfide species were also detected by XANES. Comparison between near-liquidus experiments with and without S shows no large influence of S on silicate phase equilibria. However, anhydrite crystallization removes a significant amount of Ca from the melt. This strongly affects melt chemistry, and induces major changes in the nature of liquidus silicate phases and in their composition.

  1. Carbonate Mineralization of Volcanic Province Basalts

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schaef, Herbert T.; McGrail, B. Peter; Owen, Antionette T.

    2010-03-31

    the precipitates suggest changes in fluid chemistry unique to the dissolution behavior of each basalt sample reacted with CO2-saturated water. The Karoo basalt from South Africa appeared the least reactive, with very limited mineralization occurring during the testing with CO2-saturated water. The relative reactivity of different basalt samples were unexpectedly different in the experiments conducted using aqueous dissolved CO2-H2S mixtures versus those reacted with aqueous dissolved CO2 mixtures. For example, the Karoo basalt was highly reactive in the presence of aqueous dissolved CO2-H2S, as evident by small nodules of carbonate coating the basalt grains after 181 days of testing. However the most reactive basalt in CO2-H2O, Newark Basin, formed limited amounts of carbonate precipitates in the presence of aqueous dissolved CO2-H2S mixture. Basalt reactivity in CO2-H2O mixtures appears to be controlled by the composition of the glassy mesostasis, which is the most reactive component in the basalt rock. With the addition of H2S to the CO2-H2O system, basalt reactivity appears to be controlled by precipitation of coatings of insoluble Fe sulfides.« less

  2. Native gold and gold-rich sulfide deposits in a submarine basaltic caldera, Higashi-Aogashima hydrothermal field, Izu-Ogasawara frontal arc, Japan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Iizasa, Kokichi; Asada, Akira; Mizuno, Katsunori; Katase, Fuyuki; Lee, Sangkyun; Kojima, Mitsuhiro; Ogawa, Nobuhiro

    2018-04-01

    Sulfide deposits with extremely high Au concentrations (up to 275 ppm; avg. 102 ppm, n = 15), high Au/Ag ratios (0.24, n = 15), and low Cu/(Cu + Zn) ratios (0.03, n = 15) were discovered in 2015 in active hydrothermal fields at a water depth of 760 m in a basalt-dominated submarine caldera in the Izu-Ogasawara frontal arc, Japan. Native gold grains occur in massive sulfide fragments, concretions, and metalliferous sediments from a sulfide mound (40 m across and 20 m high) with up to 30-m-high black smoker chimneys. Tiny native gold grains up to 14 μm in diameter are mainly present in sulfide fallouts from chimney orifices and plumes. Larger native gold grains up to 150 μm long occur mostly as discrete particles and/or with amorphous silica and sulfides. The larger gold grains are interpreted to represent direct precipitation from Au-bearing hydrothermal fluids circulating in and/or beneath the unconsolidated sulfide mound deposits. Sulfur isotope compositions from a limited number of sulfide separates (n = 4) range from 4.3 to 5.8‰ δ34S, similar to the quaternary volcanic rocks of the arc. Barite separates have values of 22.2 and 23.1‰, close to modern seawater values, and indicate probable seawater sulfate origin. The Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations in bulk samples of sulfide-rich rocks are similar to those of volcanogenic massive sulfides formed in continental crustal environments. The gold is interpreted to have formed by low-temperature hydrothermal activity, perhaps genetically different from systems with documented magmatic contributions or from seafloor hydrothermal systems in other island arc settings. Its presence suggests that basalt-dominated submarine calderas situated on relatively thick continental crust in an intraoceanic arc setting such as the Higashi-Aogashima knoll caldera may be perspective for gold mineralization.

  3. Experimental determination of Pb partitioning between sulfide melt and basalt melt as a function of P, T and X

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hart, Stanley R.; Gaetani, Glenn A.

    2016-07-01

    We have measured the partition coefficient of Pb (KdPb) between FeS melt and basalt melt at temperatures of 1250-1523 °C, pressures of 1.0-3.5 GPa and oxygen fugacities at iron-wustite and wustite-magnetite. The total observed range of KdPb is 4.0-66.6, with a strong negative dependence on pressure and a strong negative dependence on FeO of the silicate melt (Fe+2 only). The FeO control was constrained over a wide range of FeO (4.2-39.5%). We found that the effect of oxygen fugacity can be subsumed under the FeO control parameter. Prior work has established the lack of a significant effect of temperature (Kiseeva and Wood, 2015; Li and Audétat, 2015). Our data are parameterized as: KdPb = 4.8 + (512 - 119*P in GPa)*(1/FeO - 0.021). We also measured a single value of KdPb between clinopyroxene and basalt melt at 2.0 GPa of 0.020 ± 0.001. This experimental data supports the ;natural; partitioning of Pb measured on sulfide globules in MORB (Patten et al., 2013), but not the low KdPb of ∼3 inferred from sulfides in abyssal peridotites by Warren and Shirey (2012). It also quantitatively affirms the modeling of Hart and Gaetani (2006) with respect to using sulfide to buffer the canonical Nd/Pb ratio for MORB and OIB (Hofmann, 2003). For the low FeO and pressure of segregation typical of MORB, KdPb ∼ 45, and the Nd/Pb ratio of erupted basalts will be the same as the Nd/Pb ratio of the mantle source. The remaining puzzle is why MORB and OIB have the same Nd/Pb when they clearly have different FeO and pressure of melt segregation.

  4. Carbon contents in reduced basalts at graphite saturation: Implications for the degassing of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Yuan; Dasgupta, Rajdeep; Tsuno, Kyusei

    2017-06-01

    Carbon contents in reduced Martian basalts at graphite saturation were experimentally studied at 1400-1550°C, 1-2 GPa, and logfO2 of IW - 0.4 to IW + 1.5 (IW denotes the Fe-FeO buffer). The results show that carbon solubility in Martian basalts, determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry, is 20 to 1400 ppm, increasing with increasing fO2. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements on the quenched silicate glasses show that the dominant carbon species in Martian basalts is carbonate (CO32-). The experimental data generated here were combined with literature data on similar graphite-saturated carbon solubility for mafic-ultramafic compositions to develop an empirical model that can be used to predict carbon content of graphite-saturated reduced basalts at vapor-absent conditions: At IW+1.7 ≥logfO2 ≥ IW-1: (Cppm)=-3702(±534)/T-194(±49)P/T-0.0034(±0.043) logXH2O +0.61(±0.07)NBO/T+0.55(±0.02) ΔIW +3.5(±0.3)R2=0.89 At IW-5.3 ≤ logfO2 ≤ IW-1: (Cppm)=0.96(±0.19) logXH2O-0.25(±0.04)ΔIW+2.83(±0.34)R2=0.6) in which T is temperature in K, P is pressure in GPa, XH2O is mole fraction of water in basalts, ΔIW is the oxygen fugacity relative to the IW buffer, and NBO/T = 2 total O/T - 4 (T = Si + Ti + Al + Cr + P). This model was applied to predict carbon content in graphite-saturated mantle melts of the Mercury, Mars, and the Moon. The results show that graphite may be consumed during the production and extraction of some Martian basalts, and CO2 released by volcanism on Mars cannot be an efficient greenhouse gas in the early Mars. The lunar mantle carbon may be one of the main propellant driving the fire-fountain eruption on the Moon; however, the Mercurian mantle carbon may not be an important propellant for the explosive eruption on Mercury.

  5. Petrogenesis of the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide-bearing Tamarack Intrusive Complex, Midcontinent Rift System, Minnesota

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Taranovic, Valentina; Ripley, Edward M.; Li, Chusi; Rossell, Dean

    2015-01-01

    MRS, and are indicative of significant crustal contamination. Differences in textures, whole-rock and mineral compositions, and sulfide distribution are consistent with the emplacement of at least two distinct sulfide saturated magmatic pulses. Ni-enrichment in the TIC indicates that sulfide saturation was attained prior to the sequestration of major proportions of Ni by olivine, possibly at a deeper chamber in the magmatic system. The addition of crustal S from the Thomson Formation sulfidic country rocks is thought to have been the principal process which drove the early attainment of sulfide saturation in the magmas. The CGO Intrusion carried the greater abundance of sulfide liquid, but both the CGO and FGO intrusive sequences represent the accumulation of dense silicate minerals and sulfide liquid in a conduit system. The genetic processes that were operative in the formation of Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization in the Tamarack Intrusive Complex appear to be typical of conduit-style magmatic sulfide deposits associated with large continental basaltic provinces.

  6. Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sakai, H.; Casadevall, T.J.; Moore, J.G.

    1982-01-01

    Eighteen basalts and some volcanic gases from the submarine and subaerial parts of Kilauea volcano were analyzed for the concentration and isotope ratios of sulfur. By means of a newly developed technique, sulfide and sulfate sulfur in the basalts were separately but simultaneously determined. The submarine basalt has 700 ?? 100 ppm total sulfur with ??34S??s of 0.7 ?? 0.1 ???. The sulfate/sulfide molar ratio ranges from 0.15 to 0.56 and the fractionation factor between sulfate and sulfide is +7.5 ?? 1.5???. On the other hand, the concentration and ??34S??s values of the total sulfur in the subaerial basalt are reduced to 150 ?? 50 ppm and -0.8 ?? 0.2???, respectively. The sulfate to sulfide ratio and the fractionation factor between them are also smaller, 0.01 to 0.25 and +3.0???, respectively. Chemical and isotopic evidence strongly suggests that sulfate and sulfide in the submarine basalt are in chemical and isotopic equilibria with each other at magmatic conditions. Their relative abundance and the isotope fractionation factors may be used to estimate the f{hook}o2 and temperature of these basalts at the time of their extrusion onto the sea floor. The observed change in sulfur chemistry and isotopic ratios from the submarine to subaerial basalts can be interpreted as degassing of the SO2 from basalt thereby depleting sulfate and 34S in basalt. The volcanic sulfur gases, predominantly SO2, from the 1971 and 1974 fissures in Kilauea Crater have ??34S values of 0.8 to 0.9%., slightly heavier than the total sulfur in the submarine basalts and definitely heavier than the subaerial basalts, in accord with the above model. However, the ??34S value of sulfur gases (largely SO2) from Sulfur Bank is 8.0%., implying a secondary origin of the sulfur. The ??34S values of native sulfur deposits at various sites of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanos, sulfate ions of four deep wells and hydrogen sulfide from a geothermal well along the east rift zone are also reported. The high

  7. Magmatic sulfide-rich nickel-copper deposits related to picrite and (or) tholeiitic basalt dike-sill complexes-A preliminary deposit model

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Schulz, Klaus J.; Chandler, Val W.; Nicholson, Suzanne W.; Piatak, Nadine M.; Seal, Robert R.; Woodruff, Laurel G.; Zientek, Michael L.

    2010-01-01

    Magmatic sulfide deposits containing nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu), with or without (?) platinum-group elements (PGEs), account for approximately 60 percent of the world's Ni production and are active exploration targets in the United States and elsewhere. On the basis of their principal metal production, magmatic sulfide deposits in mafic rocks can be divided into two major types: those that are sulfide-rich, typically with 10 to 90 percent sulfide minerals, and have economic value primarily because of their Ni and Cu contents; and those that are sulfide-poor, typically with 0.5 to 5 percent sulfide minerals, and are exploited principally for PGE. Because the purpose of this deposit model is to facilitate the assessment for undiscovered, potentially economic magmatic Ni-Cu?PGE sulfide deposits in the United States, it addresses only those deposits of economic significance that are likely to occur in the United States on the basis of known geology. Thus, this model focuses on deposits hosted by small- to medium-sized mafic and (or) ultramafic dikes and sills that are related to picrite and tholeiitic basalt magmatic systems generally emplaced in continental settings as a component of large igneous provinces (LIPs). World-class examples (those containing greater than 1 million tons Ni) of this deposit type include deposits at Noril'sk-Talnakh (Russia), Jinchuan (China), Pechenga (Russia), Voisey's Bay (Canada), and Kabanga (Tanzania). In the United States, this deposit type is represented by the Eagle deposit in northern Michigan, currently under development by Kennecott Minerals.

  8. Metal-saturated sulfide assemblages in NWA 2737: Evidence for impact-related sulfur devolatilization in Martian meteorites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lorand, Jean-Pierre; Barrat, Jean-Alix; Chevrier, Vincent; Sautter, Violaine; Pont, Sylvain

    2012-11-01

    Abstract-NWA 2737, a Martian meteorite from the Chassignite subclass, contains minute amounts (0.010 ± 0.005 vol%) of metal-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> Fe-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. These latter bear evidence of the strong shock effects documented by abundant Fe nanoparticles and planar defects in Northwest Africa (NWA) 2737 olivine. A Ni-poor troilite (Fe/S = 1.0 ± 0.01), sometimes Cr-bearing (up to 1 wt%), coexists with micrometer-sized taenite/tetrataenite-type native Ni-Fe alloys (Ni/Fe = 1) and Fe-Os-Ir-(Ru) alloys a few hundreds of nanometers across. The troilite has exsolved flame-like pentlandite (Fe/Fe + Ni = 0.5-0.6). Chalcopyrite is almost lacking, and no pyrite has been found. As a hot desert find, NWA 2737 shows astonishingly fresh <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The composition of troilite coexisting with Ni-Fe alloys is completely at odds with Chassigny and Nahkla <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (pyrite + metal-deficient monoclinic-type pyrrhotite). It indicates strongly reducing crystallization conditions (close to IW), several log units below the fO2 conditions inferred from chromites compositions and accepted for Chassignites (FMQ-1 log unit). It is proposed that reduction in <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> into base and precious metal alloys is operated via sulfur degassing, which is supported by the highly resorbed and denticulated shape of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs and their spongy textures. Shock-related S degassing may be responsible for considerable damages in magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> assemblages, with concomitant loss of magnetic properties as documented in some other Martian meteorites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014380','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014380"><span>Mineralization, alteration, and hydrothermal metamorphism of the ophiolite-hosted Turner-Albright <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit, southwestern Oregon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Zierenberg, R.A.; Shanks, Wayne C.; Seyfried, W.E.; Koski, R.A.; Strickler, M.D.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The Turner-Albright <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit, part of the Josephine ophiolite, formed on and below the seafloor during Late Jurassic volcanism at a back arc spreading center. Ore fluids were probably localized by faults which were active on the seafloor at the time of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposition. The uppermost massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> formed on the seafloor at hydrothermal vents. The bulk of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization formed below the seafloor within olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> hyaloclastite erupted near the time of mineralization. Infiltration of hydrothermal fluid into the hyaloclastite altered the rock. The fluid responsible for the hydrothermal alteration was evolved seawater with low pH and Mg and high Fe. The average value of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and the difference between <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and contemporaneous seawater sulfate values are similar to ophiolite-hosted <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits in Cyprus. Mudstone and clinopyroxene <span class="hlt">basalt</span> above the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> horizons were not altered by the ore-transporting hydrothermal fluid, but these rocks were hydrothermally metamorphosed by altered seawater heated by deep circulation into hot oceanic crust. This subseafloor metamorphism produced a mineral assemblage typical of prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism. Exchange with altered seawater increased the whole-rock ??18O of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to values of 9.4-11.2%. -from Authors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MinDe..47..151K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MinDe..47..151K"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> history of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: chemostratigraphic variation in platinum group elements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Keays, Reid R.; Lightfoot, Peter C.; Hamlyn, Paul R.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A platinum group element (PGE) investigation of a 5.3 km-thick stratigraphic section of the Stillwater Complex, Montana was undertaken to refine and test a geochemical technique to explore for platiniferous horizons in layered mafic/ultramafic complexes. PGE, Au, major, and trace elements were determined in 92 samples from outcrops along traverses in the Chrome Mountain and Contact Mountain areas in the western part of the Stillwater Complex where the J-M reef occurs ˜1,460 m above the floor of the intrusion. A further 29 samples from a drill hole cored in the immediate vicinity of the J-M reef were analyzed to detail compositional variations directly above and below the J-M reef. Below the J-M reef, background concentrations of Pt (10 ppb) and Pd (7 ppb) are features of peridotites with intermediate S concentrations (mostly 100-200 ppm) and rocks from the Bronzitite, Norite I, and Gabbronorite I zones (mostly <100 ppm S). A sustained increase in S abundance commences at the J-M reef and continues to increase and peaks in the center of the 600 m-thick middle banded series. Over this same interval, Pt, Pd, and Au are initially elevated and then decrease in the order Pd > Pt > Au. Within the middle and upper banded series, S abundances fluctuate considerably, but exhibit an overall upward increase. The behavior of these elements records periodic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> during deposition of the Peridotite zone, followed by crystallization under <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-undersaturated conditions until <span class="hlt">saturation</span> is achieved at the base of the J-M reef. Following formation of the reef, <span class="hlt">sulfide-saturated</span> conditions persisted throughout the deposition of most of the remaining Lower Layered Series. This resulted in a pronounced impoverishment in PGE abundance in the remaining magma, a condition that continued throughout deposition of the remainder of a succession, which is characterized by very low Pt (1.5 ppb) and Pd (0.7 ppb) abundances. Because only unmineralized rock was selected for study</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014023','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014023"><span>Concentrations and isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in ocean-floor <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sakai, H.; Marais, D.J.D.; Ueda, A.; Moore, J.G.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Fresh submarine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glasses from Galapagos Ridge, FAMOUS area, Cayman Trough and Kilauea east rift contain 22 to 160 ppm carbon and 0.3 to 2.8 ppm nitrogen, respectively, as the sums of dissolved species and vesicle-filling gases (CO2 and N2). The large range of variation in carbon content is due to combined effect of depth-dependency of the solubility of carbon in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melt and varying extents of vapour loss during magma emplacement as well as in sample crushing. The isotopic ratios of indigenous carbon and nitrogen are in very narrow ranges,-6.2 ?? 0.2% relative to PDB and +0.2 ?? 0.6 %. relative to atmospheric nitrogen, respectively. In <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples from Juan de Fuca Ridge, however, isotopically light carbon (??13C = around -24%.) predominates over the indigenous carbon; no indigenous heavy carbon was found. Except for Galapagos Ridge samples, these ocean-floor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> contain 670 to 1100 ppm sulfur, averaging 810 ppm, in the form of both <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and sulfate, whereas <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Galapagos Ridge are higher in both sulfur (1490 and 1570 ppm) and iron (11.08% total iron as FeO). The ??34S values average +0.3 ?? 0.5%. with average fractionation factor between sulfate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> of +7.4 ?? 1.6%.. The sulfate/<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ratios tend to increase with increasing water content of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, probably because the oxygen fugacity increases with increasing water content in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melt. ?? 1984.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540821','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540821"><span>Concentrations and isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in ocean-floor <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sakai, H; Des Marais, D J; Ueda, A; Moore, J G</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Fresh submarine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glasses from Galapagos Ridge, FAMOUS area, Cayman Trough and Kilauea east rift contain 22 to 160 ppm carbon and 0.3 to 2.8 ppm nitrogen, respectively, as the sums of dissolved species and vesicle-filling gases (CO2 and N2). The large range of variation in carbon content is due to combined effect of depth-dependency of the solubility of carbon in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melt and varying extents of vapour loss during magma emplacement as well as in sample crushing. The isotopic ratios of indigenous carbon and nitrogen are in very narrow ranges, -6.2 +/- 0.2% relative to PDB and +0.2 +/- 0.6% relative to atmospheric nitrogen, respectively. In <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples from Juan de Fuca Ridge, however, isotopically light carbon (delta 13 C = around -24%) predominates over the indigenous carbon; no indigenous heavy carbon was found. Except for Galapagos Ridge samples, these ocean-floor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> contain 670 to 1100 ppm sulfur, averaging 810 ppm in the form of both <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and sulfate, whereas <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Galapagos Ridge are higher in both sulfur (1490 and 1570 ppm) and iron (11.08% total iron as FeO). the delta 34S values average +0.3 +/- 0.5% with average fractionation factor between sulfate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> of +7.4 +/- 1.6%. The sulfate/<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ratios tend to increase with increasing water content of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, probably because the oxygen fugacity increases with increasing water content in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melt.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993GeCoA..57.2001B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993GeCoA..57.2001B"><span>Siderophile and chalcophile metals as tracers of the evolution of the Siberian Trap in the Noril'sk region, Russia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brügmann, G. E.; Naldrett, A. J.; Asif, M.; Lightfoot, P. C.; Gorbachev, N. S.; Fedorenko, V. A.</p> <p>1993-05-01</p> <p>In this study Cu, Ni, and platinum-group elements (PGE) were determined in a sequence of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and picritic lavas from the Siberian Trap in the Noril'sk area of Russia to constrain genetic relationships between the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the petrogenesis of Ni-Cu-PGE <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits associated with the Talnakh and Noril'sk intrusions. In the most primitive <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (8-19 wt% MgO) of the Tuklonsky (Tk) suite, Pt and Pd concentrations range from 4-13 ppb, increasing with decreasing MgO content; whereas Ir contents decrease with MgO from 0.8-0.05 ppb. The contrasting behavior of these elements, which all have very high <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-silicate partition coefficients, as well as the primitive mantle-like ratios of Cu/Y and Pd/Y, suggests that these magmas were not <span class="hlt">sulfide-saturated</span>. The high PGE abundances imply that their parental magmas were also not <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturated</span> during partial melting in the mantle. Due to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> segregation, the overlying <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of the Nadezhdinsky (Nd) series are low in Cu and Ni (52 and 38 ppm, respectively); highly depleted in all PGE; and have very low Cu/Y, Pd/Y, and Pd/Cu ratios. However, in stratigraphically higher levels, Cu, Ni, and PGE concentrations increase systematically through the Morongovsky (Mr) suite to reach a concentration plateau in the uppermost Mokulaevsky (Mk) suite (Pt 8 ppb; Pd: 9 ppb; Ir: 0.12 ppb; Rh: 0.4 ppb). At the same time, ratios such as Cu/Y increase and approach primitive mantle values. However, ratios involving PGE, such as Pd/Y, remain low, suggesting the removal of small amounts of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (0.01-0.03%). The compositional variations in the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids can be quantitatively described by fractional segregation of a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid in an open- or closed-system magma chamber. The latter model suggests that the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> represent the eruption products of a zoned magma chamber in which light magma, with crustal components contaminated, overlies less contaminated, denser magma. Crustal contamination caused</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010231','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010231"><span>Reduction of mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> by sulfur loss</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Brett, R.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>Metallic Fe content and S abundance are inversely correlated in mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Either S volatilization from the melt results in reduction of Fe2+ to Fe0 or else high S content decreases Fe0 activity in the melt, thus explaining the correlation. All considerations favor the model that metallic iron in mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is due to sulfur loss. The Apollo 11 and 17 mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melts were probably <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with S at the time of eruption; the Apollo 12 and 15 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were probably not <span class="hlt">saturated</span>. Non-mare rocks show a positive correlation of S abundance with metallic Fe content; it is proposed that this is due to the addition of meteoritic material having a fairly constant Fe0/S ratio. If true, metallic Fe content or S abundance in non-mare rocks provides a measure of degree of meteoritic contamination. ?? 1976.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC43A0675G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC43A0675G"><span>H2S Injection and Sequestration into <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> - The SulFix Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gudbrandsson, S.; Moola, P.; Stefansson, A.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Atmospheric H2S emissions are among major environmental concern associated with geothermal energy utilization. It is therefore of great importance for the geothermal power sector to reduce H2S emissions. Known solutions for H2S neutralization are both expensive and include production of elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid that needs to be disposed of. Icelandic energy companies that utilize geothermal power for electricity production have decided to try to find an environmentally friendly and economically feasible solution to reduce the H2S emission, in a joint venture called SulFix. The aim of SulFix project is to explore the possibilities of injecting H2S dissolved in water into <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> formations in close proximity to the power plants for permanent fixation as <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The formation of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> is a natural process in geothermal systems. Due to <span class="hlt">basalt</span> being rich in iron and dissolving readily at acidic conditions, it is feasible to re-inject the H2S dissolved in water, into <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> formations to form pyrite. To estimate the mineralization rates of H2S, in the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> formation, flow through experiments in columns were conducted at various H2S concentrations, temperatures (100 - 240°C) and both fresh and altered <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass. The results indicate that pyrite rapidly forms during injection into fresh <span class="hlt">basalt</span> but the precipiation in altered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is slower. Three different alteration stages, as a function of distance from inlet, can be observed in the column with fresh <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass; (1) dissolution features along with precipitation, (2) precipitation increases, both <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and other secondary minerals and (3) the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> looks to be unaltered and little if any precipitation is observed. The sulfur has precipitated in the first half of the column and thereafter the solution is possibly close to be supersaturated with respect to the rock. These results indicate that the H2S sequestration into <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is possible under geothermal conditions. The rate limiting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70011998','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70011998"><span>Seawater sulfate reduction and sulfur isotope fractionation in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> systems: interaction of seawater with fayalite and magnetite at 200–350°C</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Shanks, Wayne C.; Bischoff, James L.; Rosenbauer, Robert J.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Systematics of sulfur isotopes in the 250 and 350°C experiments indicate that isotopic equilibrium is reached, and can be modeled as a Rayleigh distillation process. Isotopic composition of hydrothermally produced H2S in natural systems is strongly dependent upon the seawater/<span class="hlt">basalt</span> ratio in the geothermal system, which controls the relative <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> contributions from the two important sulfur sources, seawater sulfate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phases in <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Anhydrite precipitation during geothermal heating severely limits sulfate ingress into high temperature interaction zones. Quantitative sulfate reduction can thus be accomplished without producing strongly oxidized rocks and resultant <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> sulfur isotope values represent a mixture of seawater and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> sulfur.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GeCoA.119..117M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GeCoA.119..117M"><span>Sulfur and <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marrocchi, Yves; Libourel, Guy</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>The nature and distribution of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> within type I PO, POP and PP chondrules of the carbonaceous chondrite Vigarano (CV3) have been studied by secondary electron microscopy and electron microprobe. They occur predominantly as spheroidal blebs composed entirely of low-Ni iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (troilite, FeS) or troilite + magnetite but in less abundance in association with metallic Fe-Ni beads in opaque assemblages. Troilites are mainly located within the low-Ca pyroxene outer zone and their amounts increase with the abundance of low-Ca pyroxene within chondrules, suggesting co-crystallization of troilite and low-Ca pyroxene during high-temperature events. We show that sulfur concentration and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> occurrence in chondrules obey high temperature sulfur solubility and <span class="hlt">saturation</span> laws. Depending on the fS2 and fO2 of the surrounding gas and on the melt composition, mainly the FeO content, sulfur dissolved in chondrule melts may eventually reach a concentration limit, the sulfur content at <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> (SCSS), at which an immiscible iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid separates from the silicate melt. The occurrence of both a silicate melt and an immiscible iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid is further supported by the non-wetting behavior of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> on silicate phases in chondrules due to the high interfacial tension between their precursor iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid droplets and the surrounding silicate melt during the high temperature chondrule-forming event. The evolution of chondrule melts from PO to PP towards more silicic compositions, very likely due to high PSiO(g) of the surrounding nebular gas, induces <span class="hlt">saturation</span> of FeS at much lower S content in PP than in PO chondrules, leading to the co-crystallization of iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and low-Ca pyroxenes. Conditions of co-<span class="hlt">saturation</span> of low-Ca pyroxene and FeS are only achieved in non canonical environments characterized by high partial pressures of sulfur and SiO and redox conditions more oxidizing than IW-3. Fe and S mass balance calculations also</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMS...180..220W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMS...180..220W"><span>Mineralogy, geochemistry, and Sr-Pb isotopic geochemistry of hydrothermal massive <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the 15.2°S hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Hao; Li, Xiaohu; Chu, Fengyou; Li, Zhenggang; Wang, Jianqiang; Yu, Xing; Bi, Dongwei</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The 15.2°S hydrothermal field is located at 15.2°S, 13.4°W within the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and was initially discovered during Cruise DY125-22 by the Chinese expedition during R/V Dayangyihao in 2011. Here, we provide detailed mineralogical, bulk geochemical, and Sr-Pb isotopic data for massive <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the 15.2°S hydrothermal field to improve our understanding of the mineral compositions, geochemical characteristics, type of hydrothermal field, and the source of metals present at this vent site. The samples include 14 massive <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and a single <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. The massive <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are dominated by pyrite with minor amounts of sphalerite and chalcopyrite, although a few samples also contain minor amounts of gordaite, a sulfate mineral. The <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> have bulk compositions that contain low concentrations of Cu + Zn (mean 7.84 wt%), Co (mean 183 ppm), Ni (mean 3 ppm), and Ba (mean 16 ppm), similar to the Normal Mid-Ocean Ridge <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (N-MORB) type deposits along the MAR but different to the compositions of the Enriched-MORB (E-MORB) and ultramafic type deposits along this spreading ridge. <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> from the study area have Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.4502-18.4538, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.4903-15.4936, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.8936-37.9176) that are similar to those of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sample (206Pb/204Pb = 18.3381, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.5041, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.9411), indicating that the metals within the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> were derived from leaching of the surrounding <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks. The <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> also have 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708200-0.709049) that are much higher than typical MAR hydrothermal fluids (0.7028-0.7046), suggesting that the hydrothermal fluids mixed with a significant amount of seawater during massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApCM...25..299D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApCM...25..299D"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Fibre Composites for Marine Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Davies, P.; Verbouwe, W.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> fibres offer potential for use in marine structures, but few data exist to evaluate the influence of seawater immersion on their mechanical behaviour. This paper provides the results from a study in which <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibre reinforced epoxy composites were aged in natural seawater at different temperatures. Tests were performed under quasi-static and cyclic loading, first in the as-received state then after <span class="hlt">saturation</span> in natural seawater. Results are compared to those for an E-glass reinforced composite with the same epoxy matrix. They indicate similar mechanical performance for both materials after seawater <span class="hlt">saturation</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Litho..18..151B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Litho..18..151B"><span>Vapor deposition in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> stalactites, Kilauea, Hawaii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baird, A. K.; Mohrig, D. C.; Welday, E. E.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> stalacties suspended from the ceiling of a large lava tube at Kilauea, Hawaii, have totally enclosed vesicles whose walls are covered with euhedral FeTi oxide and silicate crystals. The walls of the vesicles and the exterior surfaces of stalactites are Fe and Ti enriched and Si depleted compared to common <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Minerals in vesicles have surface ornamentations on crystal faces which include alkali-enriched, aluminosilicate glass(?) hemispheres. No <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-, chloride-, fluoride-, phosphate- or carbonate-bearing minerals are present. Minerals in the stalactites must have formed by deposition from an iron oxide-rich vapor phase produced by the partial melting and vaporization of wall rocks in the tube.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27654458','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27654458"><span>Impact of Redox Reactions on Colloid Transport in <span class="hlt">Saturated</span> Porous Media: An Example of Ferrihydrite Colloids Transport in the Presence of <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liao, Peng; Yuan, Songhu; Wang, Dengjun</p> <p>2016-10-18</p> <p>Transport of colloids in the subsurface is an important environmental process with most research interests centered on the transport in chemically stable conditions. While colloids can be formed under dynamic redox conditions, the impact of redox reactions on their transport is largely overlooked. Taking the redox reactions between ferrihydrite colloids and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> as an example, we investigated how and to what extent the redox reactions modulated the transport of ferrihydrite colloids in anoxic sand columns over a range of environmentally relevant conditions. Our results reveal that the presence of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (7.8-46.9 μM) significantly decreased the breakthrough of ferrihydrite colloids in the sand column. The estimated travel distance of ferrihydrite colloids in the absence of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was nearly 7-fold larger than that in the presence of 46.9 μM <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The reduced breakthrough was primarily attributed to the reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite colloids by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in parallel with formation of elemental sulfur (S(0)) particles from <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation. Reductive dissolution decreased the total mass of ferrihydrite colloids, while the negatively charged S(0) decreased the overall zeta potential of ferrihydrite colloids by attaching onto their surfaces and thus enhanced their retention in the sand. Our findings provide novel insights into the critical role of redox reactions on the transport of redox-sensitive colloids in <span class="hlt">saturated</span> porous media.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009GeCoA..73.5730C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009GeCoA..73.5730C"><span>Clinopyroxene dissolution in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Yang; Zhang, Youxue</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>The history of magmatic systems may be inferred from reactions between mantle xenoliths and host <span class="hlt">basalt</span> if the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reactions are quantified. To study diffusive and convective clinopyroxene dissolution in silicate melts, diffusive clinopyroxene dissolution experiments were conducted at 0.47-1.90 GPa and 1509-1790 K in a piston-cylinder apparatus. Clinopyroxene <span class="hlt">saturation</span> is found to be roughly determined by MgO and CaO content. The effective binary diffusivities, DMgO and DCaO, and the interface melt <span class="hlt">saturation</span> condition, C0MgO×C0CaO, are extracted from the experiments. DMgO and DCaO show Arrhenian dependence on temperature. The pressure dependence is small and not resolved within 0.47-1.90 GPa. C0MgO×C0CaO in the interface melt increases with increasing temperature, but decreases with increasing pressure. Convective clinopyroxene dissolution, where the convection is driven by the density difference between the crystal and melt, is modeled using the diffusivities and interface melt <span class="hlt">saturation</span> condition. Previous studies showed that the convective dissolution rate depends on the thermodynamics, kinetics and fluid dynamics of the system. Comparing our results for clinopyroxene dissolution to results from a previous study on convective olivine dissolution shows that the kinetic and fluid dynamic aspects of the two minerals are quite similar. However, the thermodynamics of clinopyroxene dissolution depends more strongly on the degree of superheating and composition of the host melt than that of olivine dissolution. The models for clinopyroxene and olivine dissolution are tested against literature experiments on mineral-melt interaction. They are then applied to previously proposed reactions between Hawaii <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and mantle minerals, mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and mantle minerals, and xenoliths digestion in a <span class="hlt">basalt</span> at Kuandian, Northeast China.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018LPICo2047.6105B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018LPICo2047.6105B"><span>Production and Preservation of <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Layering in Mercury's Magma Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Boukare, C.-E.; Parman, S. W.; Parmentier, E. M.; Anzures, B. A.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Mercury's magma ocean (MMO) would have been sulfur-rich. At some point during MMO solidification, it likely became <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturated</span>. Here we present physiochemical models exploring <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> layer formation and stability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMDI21A4272D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMDI21A4272D"><span>The Fate of Sulfur during Decompression Melting of Peridotite and Crystallization of <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> - Implications for Sulfur Geochemistry of MORB and the Earth's Upper Mantle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ding, S.; Dasgupta, R.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Magmatism in mid-ocean ridges is the main pathway of sulfur (S) from the Earth's mantle to the surficial reservoir. MORB is generally considered <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturated</span> due to the positive correlation between S and FeOT concentration (e.g., [1]). However, most MORBs are differentiated, and both S content and sulfur concentration at <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> (SCSS) change with P, T, and magma composition (e.g., [2]). Therefore, it remains uncertain, from the MORB chemistry alone, whether mantle melts parental to MORB are <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturated</span>. In this study, we modeled the behavior of S during isentropic partial melting of a fertile peridotite using pMELTS [3] and an SCSS parameterization [4]. Our results show that during decompression melting, at a fixed mantle potential temperature, TP (e.g., 1300 °C), SCSS of aggregate melt first slightly increases then decreases at shallower depth with total variation <200 ppm. However, an increase of TP results in a significant increase of SCSS of primitive melts. Our model shows that at 15% melting (F), <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the residue is exhausted for a mantle with <200 ppm S. The resulted <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-undersaturated partial melts contain <1000 ppm S and are 4-6 times enriched in Cu compared to the source. In order to compare our modeled results directly to the differentiated <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, isobaric crystallization calculation was performed on 5, 10, and 15% aggregate melts. SCSS changes along liquid line of descent with a decrease in T and increase in FeOT. Comparison of S contents between the model results and MORB glasses [5] reveals that many MORBs derive from <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> undersaturated melts. Further, for a TP of 1300-1350 °C and F of 10-15 wt.%, reproduction of self-consistent S, and Cu budget of many MORB glasses requires that S of their mantle source be ~25-200 ppm. We will discuss the interplay of TP, average F, and the conditions of differentiation to bracket the S geochemistry of MORB and MORB source mantle and develop similar systematics for OIBs and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.V51D..05P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.V51D..05P"><span>Sources of volatiles in <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Galapagos Archipelago: deep and shallow evidence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Peterson, M. E.; Saal, A. E.; Hauri, E. H.; Werner, R.; Hauff, S. F.; Kurz, M. D.; Geist, D.; Harpp, K. S.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The study of volatiles (H2O, CO2, F, S, and Cl) is important because volatiles assert a strong influence on mantle melting and magma crystallization, as well as on the viscosity and rheology of the mantle. Despite this importance, there have been a minimal number of volatile studies done on magmas from the four main mantle sources that define the end member compositions of the Galapagos lavas. For this reason, we here present new volatile concentrations of 89 submarine glass chips from dredges collected across the archipelago during the SONNE SO158, PLUM02, AHA-NEMO, and DRIFT04 cruises. All samples, with the exception of six, were collected at depths greater than 1000m. Major elements (E-probe), and volatile and trace elements (SIMS), are analyzed on the same glass chip, using 4 chips per sample, to better represent natural and analytical variation. Trace element contents reveal three main compositional groups: an enriched group typical of OIB, a group with intermediate compositions, and a group with a depleted trace element composition similar to MORB. The absolute ranges of volatile contents for all three compositional groups are .098-1.15wt% for H2O, 10.7-193.7 ppm for CO2, 61.4-806.5 ppm for F, 715.8-1599.2 ppm for S and 3.8-493.3 for Cl. The effect of degassing, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> and assimilation of hydrothermally altered material must be understood before using the volatile content of submarine glasses to establish the primary volatile concentration of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and their mantle sources. CO2 has a low solubility in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts causing it to extensively degas. Based on the CO2/Nb ratio, we estimate the extent of degassing for the Galapagos lavas to range from approximately undegassed to 90% degassed. We demonstrate that 98% of the samples are sulfur undersaturated. Therefore, sulfur will behave as a moderately incompatible element during magmatic processes. Finally, we evaluate the effect of assimilation of hydrothermally altered material on the volatile</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43E0571M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43E0571M"><span>Sulfur partitioning applied to LIP magmatism - A new approach for quantifying sulfur concentration in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marzoli, A.; Callegaro, S.; Baker, D. R.; De Min, A.; Cavazzini, G.; Martin, W.; Renne, P. R.; Svensen, H.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Magmatism from Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) has often been demonstrated synchronous with mass extinctions. Prominent examples in the Phanerozoic are the end-Permian, end-Triassic and end-Cretaceous extinctions, associated with, respectively, the Siberian Traps, the CAMP and the Deccan Traps. Despite the growing body of evidence for causal and temporal links between these events, it is not yet entirely clear how a LIP can severly affect the global environment. Degassing of volatile species such as S, C and halogen compounds directly from LIP magmas, and from contact metamorphism of volatile-rich sediments heated by the intrusions appears as the most realistic mechanism. Modeling the atmospheric response to LIP gas loads requires quantitative constraints on the degassed volatiles and emission rates, but these are challenging to obtain for magmatic systems from the geologic past. We therefore propose a new method to calculate the sulfur load of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts, by measuring sulfur content in natural minerals (clinopyroxene and plagioclase) and combining it with an experimentally determined partition coefficients (KD). We measured partitioning of sulfur between crystals and melt by ion microprobe (Nordsim, Stockholm) on experimentally produced crystals and glasses. Piston cylinder experiments were performed with conditions typical of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span>, andesitic and dacitic melts (800 or 1000 MPa; 1000°-1350°C), to constrain KD variations as a function of melt composition, oxidation state and water content. We obtained a clinopyroxene/melt sulfur KD of 0.001 for <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts, which can be applied to natural continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Preliminary results from thoroughly-dated lava piles from the Deccan Traps and from the Siberian Traps sills confirm that most of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were at or close to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> (ca. 2000 ppm for low fO2 melts). These results can be compared with the scenario modeled by Schmidt et al. (2016) for Deccan Traps magmatism, for which sulfur from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V52A..05D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V52A..05D"><span>Experimental Partitioning of Chalcophile Elements between Mantle Silicate Minerals and <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Melt at High Pressures and Temperatures - Implications for Sulfur Geochemistry of Mantle and Crust</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dasgupta, R.; Jego, S.; Ding, S.; Li, Y.; Lee, C. T.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The behavior of chalcophile elements during mantle melting, melt extraction, and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> differentiation is critical for formation of ore deposits and geochemical model and evolution of crust-mantle system. While chalcophile elements are strongly partitioned into <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, their behavior with different extent of melting, in particular, in the absence of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, can only be modeled with complete knowledge of the partitioning behavior of these elements between dominant mantle minerals and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt with or without dissolved <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (S2-). However, experimental data on mineral-melt partitioning are lacking for many chalcophile elements. Crystallization experiments were conducted at 3 GPa and 1450-1600 °C using a piston cylinder and synthetic silicate melt compositions similar to low-degree partial melt of peridotite. Starting silicate mixes doped with 100-300 ppm of each of various chalcophile elements were loaded into Pt/graphite double capsules. To test the effect of dissolved sulfur in silicate melt on mineral-melt partitioning of chalcophile elements, experiments were conducted on both sulfur-free and sulfur-bearing (1100-1400 ppm S in melt) systems. Experimental phases were analyzed by EPMA (for major elements and S) and LA-ICP-MS (for trace elements). All experiments produced an assemblage of cpx + melt ± garnet ± olivine ± spinel and yielded new partition coefficients (D) for Sn, Zn, Mo, Sb, Bi, Pb, and Se for cpx/melt, olivine/melt, and garnet/melt pairs. Derived Ds (mineral/<span class="hlt">basalt</span>) reveal little effect of S2- in the melt on mineral-melt partition coefficients of the measured chalcophile elements, with Ds for Zn, Mo, Bi, Pb decreasing by less than a factor of 2 from S-free to S-bearing melt systems or remaining similar, within error, between S-free and S-bearing melt systems. By combining our data with existing partitioning data between <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phases and silicate melt we model the fractionation of these elements during mantle melting and <span class="hlt">basalt</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GeCoA.120..263Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GeCoA.120..263Y"><span>Sulfur degassing due to contact metamorphism during flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yallup, Christine; Edmonds, Marie; Turchyn, Alexandra V.</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>We present a study aimed at quantifying the potential for generating sulfur-rich gas emissions from the devolatilization of sediments accompanying sill emplacement during flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions. The potential contribution of sulfur-rich gases from sediments might augment substantially the magma-derived sulfur gases and hence impact regional and global climate. We demonstrate, from a detailed outcrop-scale study, that sulfur and total organic carbon have been devolatilized from shales immediately surrounding a 3-m thick dolerite sill on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Localized partial melting occurred within a few centimetres of the contact in the shale, generating melt-filled cracks. Pyrite decomposed on heating within 80 cm of the contact, generating sulfur-rich gases (a mixture of H2S and SO2) and pyrrhotite. The pyrrhotite shows 32S enrichment, due to loss of 34S-enriched SO2. Further decomposition and oxidation of pyrrhotite resulted in hematite and/or magnetite within a few cm of the contact. Iron sulfates were produced during retrogressive cooling and oxidation within 20 cm of the contact. Decarbonation of the sediments due to heating is also observed, particularly along the upper contact of the sill, where increasing δ13C is consistent with loss of methane gas. The geochemical and mineralogical features observed in the shales are consistent with a short-lived intrusion, emplaced in <5 h. The dolerite magma contains pervasive pyrite and localized sulfur concentrations greater than the sulfur concentration at <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid <span class="hlt">saturation</span>, consistent with addition of sulfur (perhaps from sediments) at a late stage. Our study provides evidence for desulfurization, as well as decarbonation, of shales adjacent to an igneous intrusion. The liberated fluids, rich in sulfur and carbon, are likely to be focused along regions of low pore fluid pressure along the margins of the sill. The sulfur gases liberated from the sediments would have augmented the sulfur dioxide (and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130009928','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130009928"><span>Shock Experiments on <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> - Ferric Sulfate Mixes at 21 GPa & 49 GPa and their Relevance to Martian Meteorite Impact Glasses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rao, M. N.; Ross, D. K.; See, T. H.; Nyquist, L. E.; Sutton, S.; Asimow, P.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Large abundance of Martian atmospheric gases and neutron-induced isotopic excesses as well as Rb-Sr isotopic variations determined in some impact glasses in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> shergottites (e.g., Shergotty #DBS, Zagami #H1 and EET79001 #27, #8 and #104) provide definitive evidence for the occurrence of a Martian regolith component in their constituent mineral assemblages. Some of these glass-es, known as gas-rich impact-melts (GRIM), contain numerous micron-sized iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs along with minor amounts of iron sulfate particulates. As these GRIM glasses contain a Martian regolith component and as iron sulfates (but not <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>) are found to occur abundantly on the Mars surface, we suggested that the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs in GRIMs were likely generated by shock-reduction of the parental iron sulfate bearing regolith material that had been incorporated into the cavities/crevices of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> host rock prior to the impact event on Mars. To test whether the sulfates could be reduced to <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> by impact shock, we carried out laboratory shock experiments on a <span class="hlt">basalt</span> plus ferric sulfate mixture at 49 GPa at the Caltech Shock Wave Laboratory and at 21 GPa at Johnson Space Center (JSC) Experimental Impact Laboratory. The experimental details and the preliminary results for the Caltech 49 GPa experiment were presented at LPSC last year. Here, we report the results for the 21 GPa experiment at JSC and compare these results to obtain further insight into the mechanism of the bleb formation in the GRIM glasses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815664S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815664S"><span>The effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> composition on the solubility of sulfur in coexisting silicate melts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smythe, Duane; Wood, Bernard; Kiseeva, Ekaterina</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The extent to which sulfur dissolves in silicate melts <span class="hlt">saturated</span> in an immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phase is a fundamental question in igneous petrology and plays a primary role in the generation of magmatic ore deposits, volcanic degassing and planetary differentiation. Terrestrial <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts often contain over 20 weight percent Ni + Cu, however, most experimental studies investigating sulfur solubility in silicate melt have been primarily concerned with the effects of silicate melt composition, and pure FeS has been use as the immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt (O'Neill and Mavrogenes, 2002; Li and Ripley, 2005). To investigation of the effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> composition, in addition to those of temperature, pressure and silicate melt composition, on sulfur solubility in silicate melts, we have carried out a series of experiments done at pressures between 1.5 and 3 GPa and temperatures from 1400 to 1800C over a range of compositions of both the silicate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt. We find that the solubility of sulfur in silicate melts drops significantly with the substitution of Ni and Cu for Fe in the immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt, decreasing by approximately 40% at mole fractions of NiS + Cu2S of 0.4. Combining our results with those from the previous studies investigating sulfur solubility in silicate melts we have also found that solubility increases with increasing temperature and decreases pressure. These results show that without considering the composition of the immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phase the sulfur content of silicate melts can be significantly overestimated. This may serve to explain the relatively low sulfur concentrations in MORB melts, which previous models predict to be undersaturated in a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phase despite showing chemical and textural evidence for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. Li, C. & Ripley, E. M. (2005). Empirical equations to predict the sulfur content of mafic magmas at <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> and applications to magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits. Mineralium Deposita 40, 218-230. O'Neill, H. S. C</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CoMP..172...12E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CoMP..172...12E"><span>CO2 content of andesitic melts at graphite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> upper mantle conditions with implications for redox state of oceanic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> source regions and remobilization of reduced carbon from subducted eclogite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Eguchi, James; Dasgupta, Rajdeep</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We have performed experiments to determine the effects of pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity on the CO2 contents in nominally anhydrous andesitic melts at graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. The andesite composition was specifically chosen to match a low-degree partial melt composition that is generated from MORB-like eclogite in the convective, oceanic upper mantle. Experiments were performed at 1-3 GPa, 1375-1550 °C, and fO2 of FMQ -3.2 to FMQ -2.3 and the resulting experimental glasses were analyzed for CO2 and H2O contents using FTIR and SIMS. Experimental results were used to develop a thermodynamic model to predict CO2 content of nominally anhydrous andesitic melts at graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. Fitting of experimental data returned thermodynamic parameters for dissolution of CO2 as molecular CO2: ln( K 0) = -21.79 ± 0.04, Δ V 0 = 32.91 ± 0.65 cm3mol-1, Δ H 0 = 107 ± 21 kJ mol-1, and dissolution of CO2 as CO3 2-: ln (K 0 ) = -21.38 ± 0.08, Δ V 0 = 30.66 ± 1.33 cm3 mol-1, Δ H 0 = 42 ± 37 kJ mol-1, where K 0 is the equilibrium constant at some reference pressure and temperature, Δ V 0 is the volume change of reaction, and Δ H 0 is the enthalpy change of reaction. The thermodynamic model was used along with trace element partition coefficients to calculate the CO2 contents and CO2/Nb ratios resulting from the mixing of a depleted MORB and the partial melt of a graphite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> eclogite. Comparison with natural MORB and OIB data suggests that the CO2 contents and CO2/Nb ratios of CO2-enriched oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> cannot be produced by mixing with partial melts of graphite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> eclogite. Instead, they must be produced by melting of a source containing carbonate. This result places a lower bound on the oxygen fugacity for the source region of these CO2-enriched <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and suggests that fO2 measurements made on cratonic xenoliths may not be applicable to the convecting upper mantle. CO2-depleted <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, on the other hand, are consistent with mixing between</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V53A4840F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V53A4840F"><span>Origin of Magnetic High at <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>-Ultramafic Hosted Hydrothermal Vent Field in the Central Indian Ridge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fujii, M.; Okino, K.; Sato, T.; Sato, H.; Nakamura, K.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Hydrothermal alteration processes can change crustal magnetization by destruction and creation of magnetic minerals. In the Yokoniwa hydrothermal vent field (YHVF), located at the NTO-massif in the Central Indian Ridge, a high magnetization zone (with ~12 A/m in ~200 m-scale) was discovered by previous deepsea AUV survey. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> and ultramafic rocks were found around the YHVF, however the origin of magnetic high and its relationship with hydrothermal activity are remains to be investigated. Therefore, we conducted additional magnetic field measurement, rock sampling, and geological observation using submersible Shinkai 6500 during the YK09-13 and YK13-03 cruises. Vector geomagnetic field were obtained along the dive tracks at an altitude of ~ 10 m. The crustal absolute magnetization is estimated using the 2D and 3D forward modeling technique. The values of magnetization show ~10 A/m just around the YHVF. This value is consistent with that of equivalent magnetization deduced from AUV data. Rock magnetic characters were measured for 8 <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, 4 dolerites, 5 <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, and 30 serpentinized peridotites (SPs). The measurements of NRM, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic hysteresis, low (6-300K) and high (50-700°C) temperature magnetization curves were performed. The estimated magnetization values are 0.1-6 A/m in <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, 0.2-0.6 A/m in dolerites, and <0.1 A/m in <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The SPs show strong magnetization of 0.4-11 A/m. The magnetic grain sizes ranges over single domain to pseudo-single domain. The temperature-magnetization curves clearly show the Verway transition and Currie temperature of 580 °C, therefore magnetic carrier of SPs is supposed as pure magnetite, which is created during serpentinization process. Serpentinization degree (Sd) was also estimated by grain density measurement based on empirical formula from Oufi et al., 2002. Amount of magnetite was also estimated from <span class="hlt">saturation</span> magnetization. The results show that the values of Sd vary in a range from 17</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70032178','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70032178"><span>S-33 constraints on the seawater sulfate contribution in modern seafloor hydrothermal vent <span class="hlt">sulfides</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Ono, Shuhei; Shanks, Wayne C.; Rouxel, O.J.; Rumble, D.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> sulfur in mid-oceanic ridge hydrothermal vents is derived from leaching of <span class="hlt">basaltic-sulfide</span> and seawater-derived sulfate that is reduced during high temperature water rock interaction. Conventional sulfur isotope studies, however, are inconclusive about the mass-balance between the two sources because 34S/32S ratios of vent fluid H2S and chimney <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals may reflect not only the mixing ratio but also isotope exchange between sulfate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Here, we show that high-precision analysis of S-33 can provide a unique constraint because isotope mixing and isotope exchange result in different ??33S (?????33S-0.515 ??34S) values of up to 0.04??? even if ??34S values are identical. Detection of such small ??33S differences is technically feasible by using the SF6 dual-inlet mass-spectrometry protocol that has been improved to achieve a precision as good as 0.006??? (2??). <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> minerals (marcasite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite) and vent H2S collected from four active seafloor hydrothermal vent sites, East Pacific Rise (EPR) 9-10??N, 13??N, and 21??S and Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) 37??N yield ??33S values ranging from -0.002 to 0.033 and ??34S from -0.5??? to 5.3???. The combined ??34S and ??33S systematics reveal that 73 to 89% of vent <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are derived from leaching from <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and only 11 to 27% from seawater-derived sulfate. Pyrite from EPR 13??N and marcasite from MAR 37??N are in isotope disequilibrium not only in ??34S but also in ??33S with respect to associated sphalerite and chalcopyrite, suggesting non-equilibrium sulfur isotope exchange between seawater sulfate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> during pyrite precipitation. Seafloor hydrothermal vent <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are characterized by low ??33S values compared with biogenic <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, suggesting little or no contribution of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> from microbial sulfate reduction into hydrothermal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> at sediment-free mid-oceanic ridge systems. We conclude that 33S is an effective new tracer for interplay among</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.466..115D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.466..115D"><span>Experimental determination of CO2 content at graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span> along a natural <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-peridotite melt join: Implications for the fate of carbon in terrestrial magma oceans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Duncan, Megan S.; Dasgupta, Rajdeep; Tsuno, Kyusei</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Knowledge of the carbon carrying capacity of peridotite melt at reducing conditions is critical to constrain the mantle budget and planet-scale distribution of carbon set at early stage of differentiation. Yet, neither measurements of CO2 content in reduced peridotite melt nor a reliable model to extrapolate the known solubility of CO2 in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> (mafic) melt to solubility in peridotitic (ultramafic) melt exist. There are several reasons for this gap; one reason is due to the unknown relative contributions of individual network modifying cations, such as Ca2+ versus Mg2+, on carbonate dissolution particularly at reducing conditions. Here we conducted high pressure, temperature experiments to estimate the CO2 contents in silicate melts at graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span> over a compositional range from natural <span class="hlt">basalts</span> toward peridotite at a fixed pressure (P) of 1.0 GPa, temperature (T) of 1600 °C, and oxygen fugacity (log ⁡ fO2 ∼ IW + 1.6). We also conducted experiments to determine the relative effects of variable Ca and Mg contents in mafic compositions on the dissolution of carbonate. Carbon in quenched glasses was measured and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy and was found to be dissolved as carbonate (CO32-). The FTIR spectra showed CO32- doublets that shifted systematically with the MgO and CaO content of silicate melts. Using our data and previous work we constructed a new composition-based model to determine the CO2 content of ultramafic (peridotitic) melt representative of an early Earth, magma ocean composition at graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. Our data and model suggest that the dissolved CO2 content of reduced, peridotite melt is significantly higher than that of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt at shallow magma ocean conditions; however, the difference in C content between the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and peridotitic melts may diminish with depth as the more depolymerized peridotite melt is more compressible. Using our model of CO2 content at</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1178502-injection-monitoring-wallula-basalt-pilot-project','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1178502-injection-monitoring-wallula-basalt-pilot-project"><span>Injection and Monitoring at the Wallula <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Pilot Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>McGrail, B. Peter; Spane, Frank A.; Amonette, James E.; ...</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> represent one of the largest geologic structures on earth but have received comparatively little attention for geologic storage of CO2. Flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> lava flows have flow tops that are porous, permeable, and have large potential capacity for storage of CO2. In appropriate geologic settings, interbedded sediment layers and dense low-permeability <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rock flow interior sections may act as effective seals allowing time for mineralization reactions to occur. Previous laboratory experiments showed the relatively rapid chemical reaction of CO2-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> pore water with <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to form stable carbonate minerals. However, recent laboratory tests with water-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> supercritical CO2 show thatmore » mineralization reactions occur in this phase as well, providing a second and potentially more important mineralization pathway than was previously understood. Field testing of these concepts is proceeding with drilling of the world’s first supercritical CO2 injection well in flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> being completed in May 2009 near the township of Wallula in Washington State and corresponding CO2 injection permit granted by the State of Washington in March 2011. Injection of a nominal 1000 MT of CO2 was completed in August 2013 and site monitoring is in progress. Well logging conducted immediately after injection termination confirmed the presence of CO2 predominantly within the upper flow top region, and showed no evidence of vertical CO2 migration outside the well casing. Shallow soil gas samples collected around the injection well show no evidence of leakage and fluid and gas samples collected from the injection zone show strongly elevated concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe and 13C/18O isotopic shifts that are consistent with <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-water chemical reactions. If proven viable by this field test and others that are in progress or being planned, major flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the U.S., India, and perhaps Australia would provide significant additional CO2 storage</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAG...148..107D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAG...148..107D"><span>Shear weakening for different lithologies observed at different <span class="hlt">saturation</span> stages</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Diethart-Jauk, Elisabeth; Gegenhuber, Nina</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>For this study, samples from different lithologies ("Leitha"-limestone, "Dachstein"-limestone, "Haupt"-dolomite, "Bunt"-sandstone, Grey Berea sandstone, granite, quartzite and <span class="hlt">basalt</span>) were selected. Samples were dried at 70 °C, respectively 105 °C and were <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with brine. Mass, porosity, permeability, compressional and shear wave velocity were determined from dry and brine <span class="hlt">saturated</span> samples at laboratory conditions, based on an individual measurement program. Shear modulus was calculated to find out, if shear weakening exists for the dataset. Shear weakening means that shear modulus of dry samples is higher than of <span class="hlt">saturated</span> samples, but it is assumed that shear modulus is unaffected by <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. "Dachstein"-limestone and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> show shear weakening, quartzite samples show both weakening and hardening. Granite samples are affected by temperature, after drying with 105 °C no change can be observed anymore. "Bunt"-sandstone samples show a change in the shear modulus in a small extent, although they may contain clay minerals. The other lithologies show no effect. Explanations for carbonate samples can be the complicated pore structure, for <span class="hlt">basalt</span> it could be that weathering creates clay minerals which are known as causes for a change of the shear modulus. Fluid viscosity can also be an important factor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp...54V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp...54V"><span>Ultrasonic P- and S-Wave Attenuation and Petrophysical Properties of Deccan Flood <span class="hlt">Basalts</span>, India, as Revealed by Borehole Studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vedanti, Nimisha; Malkoti, Ajay; Pandey, O. P.; Shrivastava, J. P.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Petrophysical properties and ultrasonic P- and S-wave attenuation measurements on 35 Deccan <span class="hlt">basalt</span> core specimens, recovered from Killari borehole site in western India, provide unique reference data-sets for a lesser studied Deccan Volcanic Province. These samples represent 338-m-thick <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> column, consisting four lava flows each of Ambenali and Poladpur Formations, belonging to Wai Subgroup of the Deccan volcanic sequence. These <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples are found to be iron-rich (average FeOT: 13.4 wt%), but relatively poor in silica content (average SiO2: 47.8 wt%). The <span class="hlt">saturated</span> massive <span class="hlt">basalt</span> cores are characterized by a mean density of 2.91 g/cm3 (range 2.80-3.01 g/cm3) and mean P- and S-wave velocities of 5.89 km/s (range 5.01-6.50 km/s) and 3.43 km/s (range 2.84-3.69 km/s), respectively. In comparison, <span class="hlt">saturated</span> vesicular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> cores show a wide range in density (2.40-2.79 g/cm3) as well as P-wave (3.28-4.78 km/s) and S-wave (1.70-2.95 km/s) velocities. Based on the present study, the Deccan volcanic sequence can be assigned a weighted mean density of 2.74 g/cm3 and a low V p and V s of 5.00 and 3.00 km/s, respectively. Such low velocities in Deccan <span class="hlt">basalts</span> can be attributed mainly to the presence of fine-grained glassy material, high iron contents, and hydrothermally altered secondary mineral products, besides higher porosity in vesicular samples. The measured Q values in <span class="hlt">saturated</span> massive <span class="hlt">basalt</span> cores vary enormously (Q p: 33-1960 and Q s: 35-506), while <span class="hlt">saturated</span> vesicular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples exhibit somewhat lesser variation in Q p (6-46) as well as Q s (5-49). In general, high-porosity rocks exhibit high attenuation, but we observed the high value of attenuation in some of the massive <span class="hlt">basalt</span> core samples also. In such cases, energy loss is mainly due to the presence of fine-grained glassy material as well as secondary alteration products like chlorophaeite, that could contribute to intrinsic attenuation. Dominance of weekly bound secondary minerals might also be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.V62A1386L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.V62A1386L"><span>Rocks Whose Compositions are Determined by Flow Differentiation of Olivine- and <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Droplet-Laden Magma: the Jinchuan Story</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, C.; Ripley, E. M.; de Waal, S. A.; Xu, Z.</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>The Jinchuan intrusion in western China is an elongated, deeply-dipping dyke-like body of dominantly olivine-rich ultramafic rocks of high magnesium <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma. It hosts the second largest Ni-Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit in the world. More than 500 million tones of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ore grading 1.2 percent Ni and 0.7 percent Cu occur mostly as next-textured and disseminated <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (pyrrhotite, pentlendite and chalcopyrite) with cumulus olivine in about half of the rocks of the intrusion. Based on different petrological zonations, the Jinchuan intrusion is further divided into three segments: eastern, central and western segments. The central segment is characterized by concentric enrichments of cumulus olivine and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, whereas the eastern and western segments are characterized by the increase of both cumulus olivine and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> toward the footwall. The forsterite contents of fresh olivine from different segments are similar and vary between 82 and 86 mole percent. The small range of olivine compositional variation corresponds to less than 6 percent of fractional crystallization. Mass balance calculations based on <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> solubility in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma indicate that the volume of the parental magma of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is many times larger than that which is currently represented in the intrusion. Large amounts of cumulus olivine (more than 40 weight percent) in the marginal samples and high concentrations of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the intrusion are consistent with an interpretation that the Jinchuan intrusion was formed by olivine- and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> droplet-laden magma ascending through a subvertical conduit to a higher level. Differentiation processes of the olivine- and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> droplet-laden magma varied in different parts of the conduit. Sub-vertical flow differentiation controlled the central segment of the conduit, resulting in further enrichment of olivine crystals and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> droplets in the conduit center. In contrast, sub-lateral flow and gravitational differentiation dominated in the eastern</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMS...180..191L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMS...180..191L"><span>Variability of Fe isotope compositions of hydrothermal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and oxidation products at mid-ocean ridges</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Xiaohu; Wang, Jianqiang; Chu, Fengyou; Wang, Hao; Li, Zhenggang; Yu, Xing; Bi, Dongwei; He, Yongsheng</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Significant Fe isotopic fractionation occurs during the precipitation and oxidative weathering of modern seafloor hydrothermal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, which has an important impact on the cycling of Fe isotopes in the ocean. This study reports the Fe-isotope compositions of whole-rock <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and single-mineral pyrite collected from hydrothermal fields at the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) and the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and discusses the impacts of precipitation and late-stage oxidative weathering of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals on Fe isotopic fractionation. The results show large variation in the Fe-isotope compositions of the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the different hydrothermal fields on the mid-oceanic ridges, indicating that relatively significant isotope fractionation occurs during the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitation and oxidative weathering processes. The Fe-isotope compositions of the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the study area at the SMAR vary across a relatively small range, with an average value of 0.01‰. This Fe-isotope composition is similar to the Fe-isotope composition of mid-oceanic ridge <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, which suggests that Fe was mainly leached from <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. In contrast, the Fe-isotope composition of the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the study area at the EPR are significantly enriched in light Fe isotopes (average value - 1.63‰), mainly due to the kinetic fractionation during the rapid precipitation process of hydrothermal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. In addition, the pyrite from different hydrothermal fields is enriched in light Fe isotopes, which is consistent with the phenomenon in which light Fe isotopes are preferentially enriched during the precipitation of pyrite. The red oxides have the heaviest Fe-isotope compositions (up to 0.80‰), indicating that heavy Fe isotopes are preferentially enriched in the oxidation product during the late-stage oxidation process. The data obtained from this study and previous studies show a significant difference between the Fe-isotope compositions of the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the SMAR and EPR. The relatively heavy</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MinDe..49..279Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MinDe..49..279Z"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> mineralization associated with arc magmatism in the Qilian Block, western China: zircon U-Pb age and Sr-Nd-Os-S isotope constraints from the Yulonggou and Yaqu gabbroic intrusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Zhao-Wei; Li, Wen-Yuan; Gao, Yong-Bao; Li, Chusi; Ripley, Edward M.; Kamo, Sandra</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-bearing Yulonggou and Yaqu mafic intrusions are located in the southern margin of the Qilian Block, Qinghai Province, western China. They are small dike-like bodies mainly composed of gabbros and diorites. Disseminated <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite) are present as concordant lenses within the intrusions. Precise CA-ID-TIMS zircon U-Pb dating yields the crystallization ages of 443.39 ± 0.42 and 440.74 ± 0.33 Ma for the Yulonggou and Yaqu intrusions, respectively. Whole rock samples from both intrusions show light rare earth element (REE) enrichments relative to heavy REE and pronounced negative Nb-Ta anomalies relative to Th and La, which are consistent with the products of arc <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmatism. The Yulonggou intrusion has negative ɛ Nd values from -5.7 to -7.7 and elevated (87Sr/86Sr) i ratios from 0.711 to 0.714. In contrast, the Yaqu intrusion has higher ɛ Nd values from -4.1 to +8.4 and lower (87Sr/86Sr) i ratios from 0.705 to 0.710. The δ34S values of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> separates from the Yulonggou and Yaqu deposits vary from 0.8 to 2.4 ‰ and from 2 to 4.3 ‰, respectively. The γ Os values of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> separates from the Yulonggou and Yaqu deposits vary between 80 and 123 and between 963 and 1,191, respectively. Higher γ Os values coupled with higher δ34S values for the Yaqu deposit relative to the Yulonggou deposit indicate that external sulfur played a bigger role in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization in the Yaqu intrusion than in the Yulonggou intrusion. Mixing calculations using Sr-Nd isotope data show that contamination with siliceous crustal materials is more pronounced in the Yulonggou intrusion (up to 20 wt%) than in the Yaqu intrusion (<15 wt%). The distribution of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in both intrusions is consistent with multiple emplacements of <span class="hlt">sulfide-saturated</span> magmas from depth. The Yulonggou and Yaqu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits are not economically valuable under current market condition due to small sizes and low Ni grades, which can be explained</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43B0528R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43B0528R"><span>Platinum and Palladium Exsolution Textures in Quenched <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Melts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reo, G.; Frank, M. R.; Loocke, M. P.; Macey, C. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ore deposits account for over 80% of the world's platinum group element (PGE) reserves. Layered mafic intrusions (LMIs), a type of magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ore deposit, contain alternating layers of silicate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization that are thought to have coexisted as an immiscible silicate + <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt pair. Platinum and palladium, the most common PGEs found in LMIs, heavily favor the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt. Nernst partition coefficients for Pt (D = wt% of Pt in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>/wt% of Pt in silicate) range from 102 to 109. This study examined the Pt- and Pd-bearing phases that formed from the quenched <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts to better constrain the PGE-rich <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> layers of LMIs system. Experiments were conducted with a <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melt, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt, and Pt-Pd metal in a vertical tube furnace at 1100°C and 1 atm and with oxygen fugacity buffered to QFM (quartz-fayalite-magnetite). Following the experiments, run products containing both <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and silicate glasses (quenched melts) were analyzed by a Shimadzu EPMA-1720HT Electron Probe Microanalyzer. The focus here is on the quenched Fe-rich <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> whereas data on the partitioning of Pt and Pd between the coexisting silicate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts will be presented in the future. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> samples were imaged in back-scattering mode and major and trace element concentrations of separate metal-rich phases in the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> matrix were ascertained through wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Three discernable PGE-rich phases were found to have exsolved from the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> matrix upon quenching of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt. All of these phases had Fe and S of 21-24 and 16-22 wt.%, respectively. An irregularly shaped Pd- and Cu-rich <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phase ( 36 and 14 wt.%, respectively) makes up the majority of the exsolution product. A separate Pd- and Ni-rich phase ( 22 and 14 wt%, respectively) can be found as grains or rims adjacent to the exsolved Pd- and Cu-rich phase. A third Pd- and Pt-rich phase ( 26 and 18 wt.%, respectively) exhibits a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.V71B1272C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.V71B1272C"><span>What Factors Control Platinum-Group Element (PGE) Abundances in <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> From the Ontong Java Plateau?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chazey, W. J.; Neal, C. R.</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>Eleven samples encompassing four sites drilled by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 192 to the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) were analyzed for major, trace and platinum-group (PGEs: Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd) elements. Based on major and trace element chemistry, these are divided into two groups: a primitive group, which was newly discovered on Leg 192, and Kwaimbaita-type <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, which are ubiquitous on the OJP (cf. Tejada et al., 2002, J. Pet. 43:449). The primitive group is relatively enriched in MgO, Ni, and Cr and relatively depleted in incompatible elements compared to the Kwaimbaita-type <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Petrography indicates that the fractionating phases during emplacement of both types of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were olivine and Cr-spinel +/- plagioclase +/- cpx. Normalized PGE profiles are fractionated, but exhibit a flattening between Ru and Ir and occasionally an enrichment in Ir. It has been shown that chromite can preferentially incorporate Os and Ru (Kd ?150) over Ir (Kd ?100), which may account for the Ir and Ru systematics. We do not consider <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to be a factor in fractionating the PGEs because it is either absent or present as a trace phase in these <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the OJP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are sulfur undersaturated (Michael and Cornell, 1996, EOS 77:714). Additionally, the primitive samples from the OJP also have Cu/Pd ratios (4500-8000) that are roughly similar to primitive mantle (7300), and have a generally flat transition from Pd to Y on a primitive mantle-normalized plot. It is unlikely that these samples reached sulfur <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. The Kwaimbaita-type <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have slightly elevated Cu/Pd ratios (9000-14000). While there are subtle differences between the PGE profiles of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Leg 192 drill cores compared to OJP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from subaerial outcrops in the Solomon Islands (e.g., the former have general lower Pt/Rh and higher Rh/Ru ratios), it is apparent that silicate and oxide phases are controlling the PGE profiles and abundances. For example, the six samples analyzed from Site</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1009042-sulfur-iron-speciation-gas-rich-impact-melt-glasses-from-basaltic-shergottites-determined-microxanes','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1009042-sulfur-iron-speciation-gas-rich-impact-melt-glasses-from-basaltic-shergottites-determined-microxanes"><span>Sulfur and iron speciation in gas-rich impact-melt glasses from <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> shergottites determined by microXANES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sutton, S.R.; Rao, M.N.; Nyquist, L.E.</p> <p>2008-04-28</p> <p>Sulfur and iron K XANES measurements were made on GRIM glasses from EET 79001. Iron is in the ferrous state. Sulfur speciation is predominately <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> coordination but is Fe coordinated in Lith B and, most likely, Ca coordinated in Lith A. Sulfur is abundantly present as sulfate near Martian surface based on chemical and mineralogical investigations on soils and rocks in Viking, Pathfinder and MER missions. Jarosite is identified by Moessbauer studies on rocks at Meridian and Gusev, whereas MgSO{sub 4} is deduced from MgO-SO{sub 3} correlations in Pathfinder MER and Viking soils. Other sulfate minerals such as gypsum andmore » alunogen/S-rich aluminosilicates and halides are detected only in martian meteorites such as shergottites and nakhlites using SEM/FE-SEM and EMPA techniques. Because sulfur has the capacity to occur in multiple valence states, determination of sulfur speciation (<span class="hlt">sulfide</span>/sulfate) in secondary mineral assemblages in soils and rocks near Mars surface may help us understand whether the fluid-rock interactions occurred under oxidizing or reducing conditions. On Earth, volcanic rocks contain measurable quantities of sulfur present as both <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and sulfate. Carroll and Rutherford showed that oxidized forms of sulfur may comprise a significant fraction of total dissolved sulfur, if the oxidation state is higher than {approx}2 log fO{sub 2} units relative to the QFM buffer. Terrestrial samples containing sulfates up to {approx}25% in fresh <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Galapagos Rift on one hand and high <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> contents present in oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the other indicate that the relative abundance of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and sulfate varies depending on the oxygen fugacity of the system. <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> shergottites (bulk) such as Shergotty, EET79001 and Zagami usually contain small amounts of sulfur ({approx}0.5%) as pyrrhotite. But, in isolated glass pockets containing secondary salts (known as GRIM glasses) in these meteorites, sulfur is present in high abundance ({approx}1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860061866&hterms=th&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860061866&hterms=th&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dth"><span>Partitioning of K, U, and Th between <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and silicate liquids - Implications for radioactive heating of planetary cores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Murrell, M. T.; Burnett, D. S.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Experimental partitioning studies are reported of K, U, and Th between silicate and FeFeS liquids designed to test the proposal that actinide partitioning into <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids is more important then K partitioning in the radioactive heating of planetary cores. For a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> liquid at 1450 C and 1.5 GPa, U partitioning into FeFeS liquids is five times greater than K partitioning. A typical value for the liquid partition coefficient for U from a granitic silicate liquid at one atmosphere at 1150 C and low fO2 is about 0.02; the coefficient for Th is similar. At low fO2 and higher temperature, experiments with <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> liquids produce strong Ca and U partitioning into the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid with U coefficient greater than one. The Th coefficient is less strongly affected.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1083396-mineralization-basalts-co2-h2o-h2s-system','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1083396-mineralization-basalts-co2-h2o-h2s-system"><span>Mineralization of <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> in the CO 2-H 2O-H 2S System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Schaef, Herbert T.; McGrail, B. Peter; Owen, Antionette T.</p> <p>2013-05-10</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> samples representing five different formations were immersed in water equilibrated with supercritical carbon dioxide containing 1% hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) at reservoir conditions (100 bar, 90°C) for up to 3.5 years. Surface coatings in the form of pyrite and metal cation substituted carbonates were identified as reaction products associated with all five <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. In some cases, high pressure tests contained excess H2S, which produced the most corroded <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and largest amount of secondary products. In comparison, tests containing limited amounts of H2S appeared least reacted with significantly less concentrations of reaction products. In all cases, pyrite appeared to precede carbonation,more » and in some instances, was observed in the absence of carbonation such as in cracks, fractures, and within the porous glassy mesostasis. Armoring reactions from pyrite surface coatings observed in earlier shorter duration tests were found to be temporary with carbonate mineralization observed with all the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> tested in these long duration experiments. Geochemical simulations conducted with the geochemical code EQ3/6 accurately predicted early pyrite precipitation followed by formation of carbonates. Reactivity with H2S was correlated with measured Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios in the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> with more facile pyrite formation occurring with <span class="hlt">basalts</span> containing more Fe(III) phases. These experimental and modeling results confirm potential for long term sequestration of acid gas mixtures in continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formations.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014366','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014366"><span>Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> prospect, Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Schmidt, J.M.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The Arctic volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> prospect, located in the Ambler mineral district of northwestern Alaska, includes three types of hydrothermally altered rocks overlying, underlying, and interlayered with semimassive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization. Hydrothermal alteration of wall rocks and deposition of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and gangue minerals were contemporaneous with Late Devonian of Early Mississippian <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-rhyolite volcanism. Alteration developed asymmetrically around a linear fissure, suggesting fracture control of ore fluids rather than a point source. Microprobe analyses of phyllosilicates from the Arctic area indicate two discrete mineral populations. These differences in mineral chemistry are the result of differences in protolith composition caused by hydrothermal alteration-metasomatism. -from Author</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H41P..04C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H41P..04C"><span>Mineral storage of CO2/H2S gas mixture injection in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Clark, D. E.; Gunnarsson, I.; Aradottir, E. S.; Oelkers, E. H.; Sigfússon, B.; Snæbjörnsdottír, S. Ó.; Matter, J. M.; Stute, M.; Júlíusson, B. M.; Gíslason, S. R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Carbon capture and storage is one solution to reducing CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. The long-term geological storage of buoyant supercritical CO2 requires high integrity cap rock. Some of the risk associated with CO2 buoyancy can be overcome by dissolving CO2 into water during its injection, thus eliminating its buoyancy. This enables injection into fractured rocks, such as <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks along oceanic ridges and on continents. <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> rocks are rich in divalent cations, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+, which react with CO2 dissolved in water to form stable carbonate minerals. This possibility has been successfully tested as a part of the CarbFix CO2storage pilot project at the Hellisheiði geothermal power plant in Iceland, where they have shown mineralization occurs in less than two years [1, 2]. Reykjavik Energy and the CarbFix group has been injecting a mixture of CO2 and H2S at 750 m depth and 240-250°C since June 2014; by 1 January 2016, 6290 tons of CO2 and 3530 tons of H2S had been injected. Once in the geothermal reservoir, the heat exchange and sufficient dissolution of the host rock neutralizes the gas-charged water and <span class="hlt">saturates</span> the formation water respecting carbonate and sulfur minerals. A thermally stable inert tracer was also mixed into the stream to monitor the subsurface transport and to assess the degree of subsurface carbonation and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitation [3]. Water and gas samples have been continuously collected from three monitoring wells and geochemically analyzed. Based on the results, mineral <span class="hlt">saturation</span> stages have been defined. These results and tracer mass balance calculations are used to evaluate the rate and magnitude of CO2 and H2S mineralization in the subsurface, with indications that mineralization of carbon and sulfur occurs within months. [1] Gunnsarsson, I., et al. (2017). Rapid and cost-effective capture and subsurface mineral storage of carbon and sulfur. Manuscript submitted for publication. [2] Matter, J., et al. (2016). Rapid</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.210....1B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.210....1B"><span>The role of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the fractionation of highly siderophile and chalcophile elements during the formation of martian shergottite meteorites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baumgartner, Raphael J.; Fiorentini, Marco L.; Lorand, Jean-Pierre; Baratoux, David; Zaccarini, Federica; Ferrière, Ludovic; Prašek, Marko K.; Sener, Kerim</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The shergottite meteorites are ultramafic to mafic igneous rocks whose parental magmas formed from partial melting of the martian mantle. This study reports in-situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses for siderophile and chalcophile major and trace elements (i.e., Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Sb, Te, Pb, Bi, and the highly siderophile platinum-group elements, PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt and Pd) of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> assemblages from four shergottite meteorites. They include three geochemically similar incompatible trace element- (ITE-) depleted olivine-phyric shergottites (Yamato-980459, Dar al Gani 476 and Dhofar 019) that presumably formed from similar mantle and magma sources, and one distinctively ITE-enriched <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> shergottite (Zagami). The <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the shergottites have been variably modified by alteration on Earth and Mars, as well as by impact shock-shock related melting/volatilization during meteorite ejection. However, they inherit and retain their magmatic PGE signatures. The CI chondrite-normalized PGE concentration patterns of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> reproduce the whole-rock signatures determined in previous studies. These similarities indicate that <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> exerted a major control on the PGE during shergottite petrogenesis. However, depletions of Pt (and Ir) in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> relative to the other PGE suggest that additional phases such discrete Pt-Fe-Ir alloys have played an important role in the concentration of these elements. These alloys are expected to have enhanced stability in reduced and FeO-rich shergottite magmas, and could be a common feature in martian igneous systems. A Pt-rich PGM was found to occur in a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> assemblage in Dhofar 019. However, its origin may be related to impact shock-related <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melting and volatilisation during meteorite ejection. In the ITE-depleted olivine-phyric shergottites, positive relationships exist between petrogenetic indicators (e.g., whole-rock Mg-number) and most moderately to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6153846','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6153846"><span>Apollo 12 feldspathic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> 12031, 12038, and 12072; petrology, comparison and interpretations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Beaty, E.W.; Hill, S.M.R.; Albee, A.L.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Modal and chemical data indicate that 12072, 12038, and 12031, the Apollo 12 feldspathic <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, form a well-defined group which cannot be related to the other Apollo 12 rock types. 12072 contains phenocrysts of olivine and pigeonite and microphenocrysts of Cr-spinel set in a fine-grained, variolitic groundmass. 12038 is a medium-grained, equigranular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> with a texture indicating it was multiply <span class="hlt">saturated</span>. 12031 is a coarse-grained rock with granular to graphic intergrowths of pyroxene and plagioclase; it was also multiply <span class="hlt">saturated</span>. Petrologic observations, as well as the bulk chemistry, are consistent with the interpretation that 12031 could be derived from 12072more » through fractionation of Cr-spinel, olivine, and pigeonite, the observed phenocryst assemblage. 12038, however, contains more pigeonite, less olivine, three times as much Ca-phosphate minerals, one-fifth as much troilite, and much more sodic plagioclase than 12072. These differences indicate that 12038 must have come from a separate igneous body. Consideration of the bulk compositions indicates that neither 12072 and 12031 nor 12038 could have been derived from the Apollo 12 olivine, pigeonite, or ilmenite <span class="hlt">basalts</span> by crystal--liquid fractionation. The general petrologic similarities between 12072, 12031, and the other Apollo 12 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> suggests that they were produced in either the same or similar source regions. 12038, however, is petrologically and chemically unique, and is probably exotic to the Apollo 12 landing site.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.203..343H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.203..343H"><span>Precious metal enrichment at low-redox in terrestrial native Fe-bearing <span class="hlt">basalts</span> investigated using laser-ablation ICP-MS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Howarth, Geoffrey H.; Day, James M. D.; Pernet-Fisher, John F.; Goodrich, Cyrena A.; Pearson, D. Graham; Luo, Yan; Ryabov, Viktor V.; Taylor, Lawrence A.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Primary native Fe is a rare crystallizing phase from terrestrial <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas, requiring highly reducing conditions (fO2 <iron-wüstite buffer) in order to form. Reducing conditions in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas can be achieved through assimilation of carbonaceous crustal material, which leads to formation of an immiscible, molten, C-rich, native Fe alloy liquid. If this liquid also contains sufficient sulfur, it can undergo further division into conjugate Fe-C-rich and a Fe-S-rich immiscible melts that can effectively scavenge the highly siderophile elements (HSE: Re, Au, and the platinum group elements [PGE], Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os), as well as Ni and Cu, to economic abundances. Three localities are known globally where native Fe bearing mafic rocks occur: (1) Paleocene <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of Disko Island, West Greenland; (2) a Miocene lava of the Bühl <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, Germany; and (3) mafic intrusions associated with the Late Permian Siberian flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. In this contribution, we report major- and minor-element compositions and HSE concentrations for the main alloy phases (FeNi metal and cohenite) and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, for all three known global occurrences of native Fe bearing <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Total HSE abundances in metal grains, obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), are lowest in the Bühl <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, (∼0.05 ppm), intermediate in the Disko Island <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (4-8 ppm), and highest the Siberian Khungtukun and Dzhaltul intrusions (10-30 ppm). These differences demonstrate that, while native Fe formation is the result of carbonaceous crustal assimilation, HSE enrichment is not ubiquitous during this process. The Siberian occurrences are characterized by Pt PGE (PPGE: Pt, Pd) enrichment relative to the Ir PGE (IPGE: Rh, Ru, Ir, Os), consistent with models of early stage fractionation of olivine, chromite and metallic IPGE in staging magma reservoirs, prior to the addition of C-rich crustal materials in the shallow crust. Relative to Noril'sk Ni-Cu-PGE <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ores</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V31E..02B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V31E..02B"><span>Crystallization of oxidized, moderately hydrous arc <span class="hlt">basalt</span> at mid-to-lower crustal pressures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blatter, D. L.; Sisson, T. W.; Hankins, W. B.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Decades of experimental work show that dry, reduced, subalkaline <span class="hlt">basalts</span> differentiate to produce tholeiitic (high Fe/Mg) daughter liquids, however the influences of H2O and oxidation on differentiation paths are not well established. Accordingly, we performed crystallization experiments on a relatively magnesian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (8.7 wt% MgO) typical of mafic lavas erupted in the Cascades magmatic arc near Mount Rainier, Washington. Starting material was synthesized with 3 wt% H2O and run in 2.54 cm piston-cylinder vessels at 900, 700, and 400 MPa and 1200 to 925 degrees C. Samples were contained in Au75Pd25 capsules pre-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> with Fe by reaction with magnetite at controlled fO2. Oxygen fugacity was controlled during high-pressure syntheses by the double capsule method using Re-ReO2 plus H2O-CO2 vapor in the outer capsule, mixed to match the expected fH2O of the vapor-undersaturated sample. Crystallization was similar at all pressures with a high temperature interval consisting of augite + olivine + orthopyroxene + Cr-spinel (in decreasing abundance). With decreasing temperature, plagioclase crystallizes, FeTi-oxides replace spinel, olivine dissolves, and finally amphibole appears. Liquids at 900 MPa track along Miyashiro's (1974) tholeiitic vs. calc-alkaline boundary, whereas those at 700 and 400 MPa become calc-alkaline by ~57 wt% SiO2 and greater. Although these evolved liquids are similar in most respects to common calc-alkaline andesites, they differ in having low-CaO due to early and abundant crystallization of augite prior to plagioclase, with the result that they become peraluminous (ASI: Al/(Na+K+Ca)>1) by ~55 wt% SiO2, similar to liquids reported in other studies of the high-pressure crystallization of hydrous <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (Müntener and Ulmer, 2006 and references therein). A compilation of >7000 analyses of volcanic and intrusive rocks from the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada batholith shows that ASI in arc magmas increases continuously and linearly with SiO2 from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNS21C..05C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNS21C..05C"><span>Aquifers and Their Tectonic Connectivity in Flood <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> Using AEM</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chandra, S.; Auken, E.; Sonkamble, S.; Maurya, P. K.; Ahmed, S.; Clausen, O. R.; Verma, S. K.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Aquifers, the major freshwater storage providing water for human consumption, agriculture, industry and groundwater-dependent ecosystems, are subjected to increasing stress resulting into drying up of large number of wells in major parts of world. The climate change with erratic rainfall pattern and increasing temperature enhances the rate of evapotranspiration causing reduction in groundwater recharge as well as enhancement in the groundwater withdrawal. Not only the wells, but also springs, ponds and non glacial rivers, mostly fed by base flow during non-monsoon periods, also go dry during droughts. Water crisis is very severe in the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and hard rock areas in India where the weathered zone, principal aquifer, has almost dried up and the water is mostly confined within the underlying vesicular and weathered-fractured <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and occasionally within green bole beds. The paper presents results from <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> hard rock terrains in India based on integrated geophysical surveys including airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and airborne magnetic methods. Due to good resistivity contrasts, AEM results showed strong signatures of multiple <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> flows, their alterations and associated major intertrappeans. In combination with ground geophysics, geological and borehole information, AEM was found to be very effective in mapping the multiple flows, Gondwana and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> interface, and inter- and infra-trappeans (Figure 1). In addition to the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> flows, we could map the tectonic groundwater pathways, which is a completely new knowledge. The tectonic pathways connect different aquifers (water <span class="hlt">saturated</span> vesicular <span class="hlt">basalt</span>) located in various flows. The results demonstrate that the AEM is very effective for groundwater prospecting in <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and in delineating suitable recharge zones to create strategic groundwater reserves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102180','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102180"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> binding properties of truncated hemoglobins.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nicoletti, Francesco P; Comandini, Alessandra; Bonamore, Alessandra; Boechi, Leonardo; Boubeta, Fernando Martin; Feis, Alessandro; Smulevich, Giulietta; Boffi, Alberto</p> <p>2010-03-16</p> <p>The truncated hemoglobins from Bacillus subtilis (Bs-trHb) and Thermobifida fusca (Tf-trHb) have been shown to form high-affinity complexes with hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in their ferric state. The recombinant proteins, as extracted from Escherichia coli cells after overexpression, are indeed partially <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and even highly purified samples still contain a small but significant amount of iron-bound <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Thus, a complete thermodynamic and kinetic study has been undertaken by means of equilibrium and kinetic displacement experiments to assess the relevant <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> binding parameters. The body of experimental data indicates that both proteins possess a high affinity for hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (K = 5.0 x 10(6) and 2.8 x 10(6) M(-1) for Bs-trHb and Tf-trHb, respectively, at pH 7.0), though lower with respect to that reported previously for the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> avid Lucina pectinata I hemoglobins (2.9 x 10(8) M(-1)). From the kinetic point of view, the overall high affinity resides in the slow rate of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> release, attributed to hydrogen bonding stabilization of the bound ligand by distal residue WG8. A set of point mutants in which these residues have been replaced with Phe indicates that the WG8 residue represents the major kinetic barrier to the escape of the bound <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species. Accordingly, classical molecular dynamics simulations of SH(-)-bound ferric Tf-trHb show that WG8 plays a key role in the stabilization of coordinated SH(-) whereas the YCD1 and YB10 contributions are negligible. Interestingly, the triple Tf-trHb mutant bearing only Phe residues in the relevant B10, G8, and CD1 positions is endowed with a higher overall affinity for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> characterized by a very fast second-order rate constant and 2 order of magnitude faster kinetics of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> release with respect to the wild-type protein. Resonance Raman spectroscopy data indicate that the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> adducts are typical of a ferric iron low-spin derivative. In analogy with other low-spin ferric <span class="hlt">sulfide</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JVGR..237....1P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JVGR..237....1P"><span>Volcanic diapirs in the Orange Mountain flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span>: New Jersey, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Puffer, John H.; Laskowich, Chris</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>Diapir-shaped structures, 4-30 m high, consisting of vesicular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> have intruded into the interior of a 50-70 m-thick subaerial Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> flow exposed at several rock quarries in northern New Jersey. The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flowed onto a travertine encrusted mudflat <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with alkali salts. We propose that pressurized alkali vapors trapped under the lava created a vesicular and viscous flow bottom layer about 10 m thick. Vesicle coalescence within this layer increased its buoyancy where it locally accumulated into diapirs and displaced overlying lava. Large bubbles within the diapirs expanded upon intrusion into hot flow interiors where they explosively escaped leaving lenses of breccia. Some early diapirs reached the base of the upper lava crust. These diapirs document vapor driven convection of large blobs of contaminated lava into the lava core of the Orange Mountain flow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28704663','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28704663"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on As(III) and As(V) sequestration by ferrihydrite.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Zhixi; Wang, Shaofeng; Jia, Yongfeng</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-induced change in arsenic speciation is often coupled to iron geochemical processes, including redox reaction, adsorption/desorption and precipitation/dissolution. Knowledge about how <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> influenced the coupled geochemistry of iron and arsenic was not explored well up to now. In this work, retention and mobilization of As(III) and As(V) on ferrihydrite in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-rich environment was studied. The initial oxidation states of arsenic and the contact order of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> notably influenced arsenic sequestration on ferrihydrite. For As(III) systems, pre-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> of As(III) decreased arsenic sequestration mostly. The arsenic adsorption capacity decreased about 50% in comparison with the system without <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> addition. For As(V) systems, pre-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> of ferrihydrite decreased 30% sequestration of arsenic on ferrihydrite. Reduction of ferrihydrite by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in As(V) system was higher than that in As(III) system. Geochemical modeling calculations identified formation of thioarsenite in the pre-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> of As(III) system. Formation of arsenic thioanions enhanced As solubility in the pre-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> of As(III) system. The high concentration of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and Fe(II) in pre-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> of ferrihydrite system contributed to <span class="hlt">saturation</span> of FeS. This supplied new solid phase to immobilize soluble arsenic in aqueous phase. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) of sulfur K-edge, arsenic K-edge and iron L-edge analysis gave the consistent evidence for the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> reaction of arsenic and ferrihydrite under specific geochemical settings. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAESc.129...22M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAESc.129...22M"><span>Crustal contamination and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> immiscibility history of the Permian Huangshannan magmatic Ni-Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit, East Tianshan, NW China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mao, Ya-Jing; Qin, Ke-Zhang; Tang, Dong-Mei; Feng, Hong-Ye; Xue, Sheng-Chao</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>The Huangshannan mafic-ultramafic intrusion is a Permian Ni-Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-bearing intrusion in the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The intrusion consists of an ultramafic unit, which is composed of lherzolite and olivine websterite, and a mafic unit, which is composed of olivine gabbronorite, gabbronorite and leuco-gabbronorite. This intrusion was formed by two separate pulses of magma: a more primitive magma for the early ultramafic unit and a more evolved magma for the late mafic unit. U-Pb isotope geochronology of zircon from the mafic unit yields an age of 278 ± 2 Ma. According to its olivine and Cr-rich spinel compositions, the estimated parental magma of lherzolite for the Huangshannan intrusion has 12.4 wt.% MgO, indicating picritic affinity. Fractional crystallization modeling results and the presence of rounded <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> inclusions in an olivine crystal (Fo 86.7) indicate that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> immiscibility was achieved at the beginning of olivine fractionation. Co-magmatic zircon crystals from gabbronorite have a δ18O value close to 6.5‰, which is 1.2‰ higher than the typical mantle value and suggests significant crustal contamination (∼20%). The positive εHf(t) values of co-magmatic zircon (which vary from +9.2 to +15.3) and positive whole rock εNd(t) values (which vary from +4.7 to +7.8) also indicate that the parental magma was derived from a depleted mantle source and contaminated by 5-20% juvenile arc crust and then by ∼5% upper crustal materials. However, modeling results of sulfur content at <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> reveal that such a large amount of crustal contamination is not sufficient to trigger <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> in the parental magma, which strongly suggests that external sulfur addition, probably during contamination, has played a critical role in causing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> immiscibility. Furthermore, the arc magmatism geochemical signatures of the Huangshannan intrusion, such as significant Nb and Ta depletion relative to La and low Ca</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoMP..169...59M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoMP..169...59M"><span>Trace-element fingerprints of chromite, magnetite and <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the 3.1 Ga ultramafic-mafic rocks of the Nuggihalli greenstone belt, Western Dharwar craton (India)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mukherjee, Ria; Mondal, Sisir K.; González-Jiménez, José M.; Griffin, William L.; Pearson, Norman J.; O'Reilly, Suzanne Y.</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The 3.1 Ga Nuggihalli greenstone belt in the Western Dharwar craton is comprised of chromitite-bearing sill-like ultramafic-mafic rocks that are surrounded by metavolcanic schists (compositionally komatiitic to komatiitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span>) and a suite of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite gneissic rocks. The sill-like plutonic unit consists of a succession of serpentinite (after dunite)-peridotite-pyroxenite and gabbro with bands of titaniferous magnetite ore. The chromitite ore-bodies (length ≈30-500 m; width ≈2-15 m) are hosted by the serpentinite-peridotite unit. Unaltered chromites from massive chromitites (>80 % modal chromite) of the Byrapur and Bhaktarhalli chromite mines in the greenstone belt are characterized by high Cr# (100Cr/(Cr + Al)) of 78-86 and moderate Mg# (100 Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)) of 45-55. In situ trace-element analysis (LA-ICPMS) of unaltered chromites indicates that the parental magma of the chromitite ore-bodies was a komatiite lacking nickel-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization. In the Ga/Fe3+# versus Ti/Fe3+# diagram, the Byrapur chromites plot in the field of suprasubduction zone (SSZ) chromites while those from Bhaktarhalli lie in the MOR field. The above results corroborate our previous results based on major-element characteristics of the chromites, where the calculated parental melt of the Byrapur chromites was komatiitic to komatiitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and the Bhaktarhalli chromite was derived from Archean high-Mg <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. The major-element chromite data hinted at the possibility of a SSZ environment existing in the Archean. Altered and compositionally zoned chromite grains in our study show a decrease in Ga, V, Co, Zn, Mn and enrichments of Ni and Ti in the ferritchromit rims. Trace-element heterogeneity in the altered chromites is attributed to serpentinization. The trace-element patterns of magnetite from the massive magnetite bands in the greenstone belt are similar to those from magmatic Fe-Ti-V-rich magnetite bands in layered intrusions, and magnetites from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.484...30P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.484...30P"><span>Mafic enclaves record syn-eruptive <span class="hlt">basalt</span> intrusion and mixing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Plail, Melissa; Edmonds, Marie; Woods, Andrew W.; Barclay, Jenni; Humphreys, Madeleine C. S.; Herd, Richard A.; Christopher, Thomas</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Mafic enclaves hosted by andesite erupted at the Soufrière Hills Volcano between 1995 and 2010 yield insights into syn-eruptive mafic underplating of an andesite magma reservoir, magma mixing and its role in sustaining eruptions that may be widely applicable in volcanic arc settings. The mafic enclaves range in composition from <span class="hlt">basalt</span> to andesite and are generated from a hybrid thermal boundary layer at the interface between the two magmas, where the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> quenches against the cooler andesite, and the two magmas mix. We show, using an analytical model, that the enclaves are generated when the hybrid layer, just a few tens of centimetres thick, becomes buoyant and forms plumes which rise up into the andesite. Mafic enclave geochemistry suggests that vapour-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> <span class="hlt">basalt</span> was underplated quasi-continuously throughout the first three eruptive phases of the eruption (the end member <span class="hlt">basalt</span> became more Mg and V-rich over time). The andesite erupted during the final phases of the eruption contained more abundant and larger enclaves, and the enclaves were more extensively hybridised with the andesite, suggesting that at some time during the final few years of the eruption, the intrusion of mafic magma at depth ceased, allowing the hybrid layer to reach a greater thickness, generating larger mafic enclaves. The temporal trends in mafic enclave composition and abundance suggests that <span class="hlt">basalt</span> recharge and underplating sustained the eruption by the transfer of heat and volatiles across the interface and when the recharge ceased, the eruption waned. Our study has important implications for the petrological monitoring of long-lived arc eruptions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20594822','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20594822"><span>Biological oxidation of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in mineral media using a biofilm airlift suspension reactor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moghanloo, G M Mojarrad; Fatehifar, E; Saedy, S; Aghaeifar, Z; Abbasnezhad, H</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H(2)S) removal in mineral media using Thiobacillus thioparus TK-1 in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor (BAS) was investigated to evaluate the relationship between biofilm formation and changes in inlet loading rates. Aqueous sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was fed as the substrate into the continuous BAS-reactor. The reactor was operated at a constant temperature of 30 degrees C and a pH of 7, the optimal temperature and pH for biomass growth. The startup of the reactor was performed with <span class="hlt">basalt</span> carrier material. Optimal treatment performance was obtained at a loading rate of 4.8 mol S(2-) m(-3) h(-1) at a conversion efficiency as high as 100%. The main product of H(2)S oxidation in the BAS-reactor was sulfate because of high oxygen concentrations in the airlift reactor. The maximum <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation rate was 6.7 mol S(2-) m(-3) h(-1) at a hydraulic residence time of 3.3 h in the mineral medium. The data showed that the BAS-reactor with this microorganism can be used for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> removal from industrial effluent. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1036318-laboratory-shock-experiments-basalt-iron-sulfate-mixes-gpa-relevance-martian-reolith-component-present-shergotties','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1036318-laboratory-shock-experiments-basalt-iron-sulfate-mixes-gpa-relevance-martian-reolith-component-present-shergotties"><span>Laboratory Shock Experiments on <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> - Iron Sulfate Mixes at ~ 40 - 50 GPa and their Relevance to the Martian Reolith Component Present in Shergotties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rao, M N; Nyquist, L E; Ross, D K</p> <p>2012-03-14</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> shergottites such as Shergotty, Zagami and EET79001 contain impact melt glass pockets that are rich in Martian atmospheric gases and are known as gas-rich impact-melt (GRIM) glasses. These glasses show evidence for the presence of a Martian regolith component based on Sm and Kr isotopic studies. The GRIM glasses are sometimes embedded with clusters of innumerable micron-sized iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs associated with minor amounts of iron sulfate particles. These <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs are secondary in origin and are not related to the primary igneous <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> occurring in Martian meteorites. The material comprising these glasses arises from the highly oxidizing Martian surfacemore » and sulfur is unlikely to occur as <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the Martian regoilith. Instead, sulfur is shown to occur as sulfate based on APXS and Mossbauer results obtained by the Opportunity and Spirit rovers at Meridiani and Gusev. We have earlier suggested that the micron-sized iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> globules in GRIM glasses were likely produced by shock-reduction of iron sulfate occurring in the regolith at the time when the GRIM glasses were produced by the meteoroid impact that launched the Martian meteorites into space. As a result of high energy deposition by shock (~ 40-60 GPa), the iron sulfate bearing phases are likely to melt along with other regolith components and will get reduced to immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> fluid under reducing conditions. On quenching, this generates a dispersion of micron-scale <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs. The reducing agents in our case are likely to be H 2 and CO which were shock-implanted from the Martian atmosphere into these glasses along with the noble gases. We conducted lab simulation experiments in the Lindhurst Laboratory of Experimental Geophysics at Caltech and the Experimental Impact Laboratory at JSC to test whether iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> globules can be produced by impact-driven reduction of iron sulfate by subjecting Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (CRB) and ferric sulfate mixtures to shock pressures</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000WRR....36.3521D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000WRR....36.3521D"><span>Numerical model of water flow in a fractured <span class="hlt">basalt</span> vadose zone: Box Canyon Site, Idaho</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Doughty, Christine</p> <p>2000-12-01</p> <p>A numerical model of a fractured <span class="hlt">basalt</span> vadose zone has been developed on the basis of the conceptual model described by Faybishenko et al. [[his issue]. The model has been used to simulate a ponded infiltration test in order to investigate infiltration through partially <span class="hlt">saturated</span> fractured <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. A key question addressed is how the fracture pattern geometry and fracture connectivity within a single <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow of the Snake River Plain <span class="hlt">basalt</span> affect water infiltration. The two-dimensional numerical model extends from the ground surface to a perched water body 20 m below and uses an unconventional quasi-deterministic approach with explicit but highly simplified representation of major fractures and other important hydrogeologic features. The model adequately reproduces the majority of the field observation and provides insights into the infiltration process that cannot be obtained by data collection alone, demonstrating its value as a component of field studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1191809-wellbore-cement-fracture-evolution-cementbasalt-caprock-interface-during-geologic-carbon-sequestration','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1191809-wellbore-cement-fracture-evolution-cementbasalt-caprock-interface-during-geologic-carbon-sequestration"><span>Wellbore cement fracture evolution at the cement–<span class="hlt">basalt</span> caprock interface during geologic carbon sequestration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jung, Hun Bok; Kabilan, Senthil; Carson, James P.</p> <p>2014-08-07</p> <p>Composite Portland cement-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> caprock cores with fractures, as well as neat Portland cement columns, were prepared to understand the geochemical and geomechanical effects on the integrity of wellbores with defects during geologic carbon sequestration. The samples were reacted with CO2-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> groundwater at 50 ºC and 10 MPa for 3 months under static conditions, while one cement-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> core was subjected to mechanical stress at 2.7 MPa before the CO2 reaction. Micro-XRD and SEM-EDS data collected along the cement-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> interface after 3-month reaction with CO2-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> groundwater indicate that carbonation of cement matrix was extensive with the precipitation of calcite, aragonite, and vaterite,more » whereas the alteration of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> caprock was minor. X-ray microtomography (XMT) provided three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of the opening and interconnection of cement fractures due to mechanical stress. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling further revealed that this stress led to the increase in fluid flow and hence permeability. After the CO2-reaction, XMT images displayed that calcium carbonate precipitation occurred extensively within the fractures in the cement matrix, but only partially along the fracture located at the cement-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> interface. The 3-D visualization and CFD modeling also showed that the precipitation of calcium carbonate within the cement fractures after the CO2-reaction resulted in the disconnection of cement fractures and permeability decrease. The permeability calculated based on CFD modeling was in agreement with the experimentally determined permeability. This study demonstrates that XMT imaging coupled with CFD modeling represent a powerful tool to visualize and quantify fracture evolution and permeability change in geologic materials and to predict their behavior during geologic carbon sequestration or hydraulic fracturing for shale gas production and enhanced geothermal systems.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70009916','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70009916"><span>CO2-filled vesicles in mid-ocean <span class="hlt">basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Moore, J.G.; Batchelder, J.N.; Cunningham, C.G.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Volatile-filled vesicles are present in minor amounts in all samples of mid-ocean <span class="hlt">basalt</span> yet collected (and presumably erupted) down to depths of 4.8 km. When such vesicles are pierced in liquid under standard conditions, the volume expansion of the gas is 0.2 ?? 0.05 times the eruption pressure in bars or 20 ?? 5 times the eruption depth in km. Such expansion could be used as a measure of eruption depth. A variety of techniques: (1) vacuum crushing and gas chromatographic, freezing separation, and mass spectrographic analyses; (2) measurements of phase changes on a freezing microscope stage; (3) microscopic chemical and solubility observations; and (4) volume change measurements, all indicate that CO2 comprises more than 95% by volume of the vesicle gas in several submarine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples from the Atlantic and Pacific. The CO2 held in vesicles is present in quantities about equal to or greater than that presumed to be dissolved in the glass (melt) and amounts to 400-900 ppm of the rock. The rigid temperature of the glass is 800-1000??C and increases for shallower samples. A sulfur gas was originally present in subordinate amounts in the vesicles, but has largely reacted with iron in the vesicle walls to produce <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> spherules. ?? 1977.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.P23A1918S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.P23A1918S"><span>Solubility of C-O-H volatiles in graphite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and application to martian atmospheric evolution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stanley, B. D.; Hirschmann, M. M.; Withers, A. C.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p> than CO2 contents determined by FTIR. This difference, termed excess C, is attributed to the presence of other reduced C-species, such as carbonyls and amides (which have C=O and N-H bonds), detected using FTIR in reduced graphite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. An atmosphere produced by degassing of magmas similar to this study would be richer in C-O-H species than previously modeled using only CO2 and could create a much warmer climate that stabilizes liquid water on the ancient martian surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001831','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001831"><span>Laboratory Shock Experiments on <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> - Iron Sulfate Mixes at Approximately 40-50 GPa and Their Relevance to the Martian Regolith Component Present in Shergottites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rao, M. N.; Nyquist, L. E.; Ross, D. K.; Asimow, P. D.; See, T.; Sutton, S.; Cardernas, F.; Montes, R.; Cintala, M.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> shergottites such as Shergotty, Zagami and EET79001 contain impact melt glass pockets that are rich in Martian atmospheric gases [1] and are known as gas-rich impact-melt (GRIM) glasses. These glasses show evidence for the presence of a Martian regolith component based on Sm and Kr isotopic studies [2]. The GRIM glasses are sometimes embedded with clusters of innumerable micron-sized iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs associated with minor amounts of iron sulfate particles [3, 4]. These <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs are secondary in origin and are not related to the primary igneous <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> occurring in Martian meteorites. The material comprising these glasses arises from the highly oxidizing Martian surface and sulfur is unlikely to occur as <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the Martian regoilith. Instead, sulfur is shown to occur as sulfate based on APXS and Mossbauer results obtained by the Opportunity and Spirit rovers at Meridiani and Gusev [5]. We have earlier suggested that the micron-sized iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> globules in GRIM glasses were likely produced by shock-reduction of iron sulfate occurring in the regolith at the time when the GRIM glasses were produced by the meteoroid impact that launched the Martian meteorites into space [6]. As a result of high energy deposition by shock (approx. 40-60 GPa), the iron sulfate bearing phases are likely to melt along with other regolith components and will get reduced to immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> fluid under reducing conditions. On quenching, this generates a dispersion of micron-scale <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs. The reducing agents in our case are likely to be H2 and CO which were shock-implanted from the Martian atmosphere into these glasses along with the noble gases. We conducted lab simulation experiments in the Lindhurst Laboratory of Experimental Geophysics at Caltech and the Experimental Impact Laboratory at JSC to test whether iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> globules can be produced by impact-driven reduction of iron sulfate by subjecting Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (CRB) and ferric sulfate mixtures to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860035314&hterms=potassium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dpotassium','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860035314&hterms=potassium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dpotassium"><span>Very high potassium (VHK) <span class="hlt">basalt</span> - Complications in mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> petrogenesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shervais, J. W.; Taylor, L. A.; Laul, J. C.; Shih, C.-Y.; Nyquist, L. E.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The first comprehensive report on the petrology and geochemistry of Apollo 14 VHK (Very High Potassium) <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and their implications for lunar evolution is presented. The reported data are most consistent with the hypothesis that VHK <span class="hlt">basalts</span> formed through the partial assimilation of granite by a normal low-Ti, high-Al mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magma. Assimilation was preceded by the diffusion-controlled exchange of alkalis and Ba between <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magma and the low-temperature melt fraction of the granite. Hypotheses involving volatile/nonvolatile fractionations or long-term enrichment of the source regions in K are inconsistent with the suprachondritic Ba/La ratios and low initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios of VHK <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. An important implication of this conclusion is that granite should be a significant component of the lunar crust at the Apollo 14 site.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035767','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035767"><span>Oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis in a microbial mat from an anoxic and <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> spring.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Beer, Dirk; Weber, Miriam; Chennu, Arjun; Hamilton, Trinity; Lott, Christian; Macalady, Jennifer; M Klatt, Judith</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis were studied with microsensors in microbial mats found at 9-10 m depth in anoxic and <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> water in Little Salt Spring (Florida, USA). The lake sediments were covered with a 1-2 mm thick red mat dominated by filamentous Cyanobacteria, below which Green Sulfur Bacteria (GSB, Chlorobiaceae) were highly abundant. Within 4 mm inside the mats, the incident radiation was attenuated to undetectable levels. In situ microsensor data showed both oxygenic photosynthesis in the red surface layer and light-induced <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> dynamics up to 1 cm depth. Anoxygenic photosynthesis occurred during all daylight hours, with complete <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> depletion around midday. Oxygenic photosynthesis was limited to 4 h per day, due to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> inhibition in the early morning and late afternoon. Laboratory measurements on retrieved samples showed that oxygenic photosynthesis was fully but reversibly inhibited by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. In patches Fe(III) alleviated the inhibition of oxygenic photosynthesis by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. GSB were resistant to oxygen and showed a low affinity to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Their light response showed <span class="hlt">saturation</span> at very low intensities. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800026566&hterms=body+chemistry&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dbody%2Bchemistry','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800026566&hterms=body+chemistry&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dbody%2Bchemistry"><span>Planetary <span class="hlt">basalts</span> - Chemistry and petrology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Papike, J. J.; Bence, A. E.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Recent literature (1975-1978) on planetary <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is reviewed. Terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are considered in relation to Nd and Sm isotopic studies, magma mixing, chemical and mineralogical heterogeneities in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> source regions, and partial melting controls on <span class="hlt">basalt</span> chemistry. Attention is also given to features of mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, eucrites, and comparisons of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> for the earth, the moon, and the parent body of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> achondrites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC51A0924O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC51A0924O"><span>Geophysical Signatures to Monitor Fluids and Mineralization for CO2 Sequestration in <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Otheim, L. T.; Adam, L.; Van Wijk, K.; Batzle, M. L.; Mcling, T. L.; Podgorney, R. K.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Carbon dioxide sequestration in large reservoirs can reduce emissions of this green house gas into the atmosphere. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> are promising host rocks due to their volumetric extend, worldwide distribution, and recent observations that CO2-water mixtures react with <span class="hlt">basalt</span> minerals to precipitate as carbonate minerals, trapping the CO2. The chemical reaction between carbonic acid and minerals rich in calcium, magnesium and iron precipitates carbonates in the pore space. This process would increase the elastic modulus and velocity of the rock. At the same time, the higher compressibility of CO2 over water changes the elastic properties of the rock, decreasing the <span class="hlt">saturated</span> rock bulk modulus and the P-wave velocity. Reservoirs where the rock properties change as a result of fluid or pressure changes are commonly monitored with seismic methods. Here we present experiments to study the feasibility of monitoring CO2 migration in a reservoir and CO2-rock reactions for a sequestration scenario in <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Our goal is to measure the rock's elastic response to mineralization with non-contacting ultrasonic lasers, and the effect of fluid substitution at reservoir conditions at seismic and ultrasonic frequencies. For the fluid substitution experiment we observe changes in the P- and S-wave velocities when <span class="hlt">saturating</span> the sample with super-critical (sc) CO2, CO2-water mixtures and water alone for different pore and confining pressures. The bulk modulus of the rock is significantly dependent on frequency in the 2~to 106~Hz range, for CO2-water mixtures and pure water <span class="hlt">saturations</span>. Dry and pure CO2 (sc or gas) do not show a frequency dependence on the modulus. Moreover, the shear wave modulus is not dispersive for either fluid. The frequency dependence of the elastic parameters is related to the attenuation (1/Q) of the rock. We will show the correlation between frequency dependent moduli and attenuation data for the different elastic moduli of the rocks. Three other <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.7375E..6CZ','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.7375E..6CZ"><span>Experimental research on continuous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber and <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-fibers-reinforced polymers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Xueyi; Zou, Guangping; Shen, Zhiqiang</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>The interest for continuous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers and reinforced polymers has recently grown because of its low price and rich natural resource. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> fiber was one type of high performance inorganic fibers which were made from natural <span class="hlt">basalt</span> by the method of melt extraction. This paper discusses basic mechanical properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber. The other work in this paper was to conduct tensile testing of continuous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber-reinforced polymer rod. Tensile strength and stress-strain curve were obtained in this testing. The strength of rod was fairly equal to rod of E-glass fibers and weaker than rod of carbon fibers. Surface of crack of rod was studied. An investigation of fracture mechanism between matrix and fiber was analyzed by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) method. A poor adhesion between the matrix and fibers was also shown for composites analyzing SEM photos. The promising tensile properties of the presented <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers composites have shown their great potential as alternative classical composites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22293456-use-basalt-basalt-fibers-modified-graphite-nuclear-waste-repository','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22293456-use-basalt-basalt-fibers-modified-graphite-nuclear-waste-repository"><span>The Use of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Fibers and Modified Graphite for Nuclear Waste Repository - 12150</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gulik, V.I.; Biland, A.B.</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>New materials enhancing the isolation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel are continuously being developed.. Our research suggests that <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-based materials, including <span class="hlt">basalt</span> roving chopped <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber strands, <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composite rebar and materials based on modified graphite, could be used for enhancing radioactive waste isolation during the storage and disposal phases and maintaining it during a significant portion of the post-closure phase. The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> vitrification process of nuclear waste is a viable alternative to glass vitrification. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> roving, chopped <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber strands and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composite rebars can significantly increase the strength and safety characteristics of nuclear waste and spentmore » nuclear fuel storages. Materials based on MG are optimal waterproofing materials for nuclear waste containers. (authors)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V51C4768H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V51C4768H"><span>PGE abundance and Re-Os isotope Systematics of Native-Fe-Bearing <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Rocks and Their Carbonaceous Crustal Contaminants: Insights into magma plumbing-system dynamics in LIPs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Howarth, G. H.; Day, J. M.; Goodrich, C. A.; Pernet-Fisher, J.; Pearson, D. G.; Taylor, L. A.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Native-Fe grains form in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts at highly reducing conditions (<iron-wüstite), that are atypical for terrestrial magmas. Only three known terrestrial occurrences exist: 1) ~60 Ma <span class="hlt">basalts</span> at Disko Island, Greenland; 2) ~20 Ma Bühl <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, Germany, and 3) intrusions of the ~250 Ma Siberian Large Igneous Province (LIP). The reducing conditions recorded are the direct result of assimilation of carbonaceous crustal material during emplacement of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas at or near the surface. Native Fe-bearing <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are useful natural analogues for studying PGE pre-concentration mechanisms, and the potential for PGE additions to magmas from crustal sources. Here, we present PGE LA-ICP-MS data for Fe-alloy, cohenite, and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> for a suite of Siberian and Disko Island native-Fe <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, in combination with whole-rock PGE data for all known occurrences. The Siberian native-Fe alloys are characterized by highly variable PGE concentrations (1-30 ppm total PGEs), distinct low Os abundances, and PGE profiles similar to those of the nearby Noril'sk <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ores. In contrast, the Disko Island alloys are characterized by total PGE concentrations of 1-10 ppm and distinct positive Os and Re anomalies in extended PGE profiles. The Bühl <span class="hlt">basalts</span> contain low PGE concentrations (~20 ppb). In order to understand contamination contributions, Os-isotopes analyses have been performed. Preliminary whole-rock 187Os/188Os data for high metal content samples from Siberia (0.33606 ± 37) and Disko (0.15402 ± 15) indicate high-time integrated Re/Os. The Re anomalies observed in extended PGE profiles of the Disko Island samples may reflect a potential crustal contribution to the overall PGE budget, through the addition of carbonaceous material. Whereas the Siberian samples contain abundant carbonaceous xenoliths, there is no apparent PGE contribution from crustal materials. Therefore, the role of crustal contamination is important in forming the native-Fe alloys, but the interaction</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029643','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029643"><span>Microbiology: A microbial arsenic cycle in a salt-<span class="hlt">saturated</span>, extreme environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Oremland, R.S.; Kulp, T.R.; Blum, J.S.; Hoeft, S.E.; Baesman, S.; Miller, L.G.; Stolz, J.F.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Searles Lake is a salt-<span class="hlt">saturated</span>, alkaline brine unusually rich in the toxic element arsenic. Arsenic speciation changed from arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)] with sediment depth. Incubated anoxic sediment slurries displayed dissimilatory As(V)-reductase activity that was markedly stimulated by H2 or <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, whereas aerobic slurries had rapid As(III)-oxidase activity. An anaerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic bacterium was isolated from the sediment that grew via As(V) respiration, using either lactate or <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> as its electron donor. Hence, a full biogeochemical cycle of arsenic occurs in Searles Lake, driven in part by inorganic electron donors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800039412&hterms=tio2&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dtio2','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800039412&hterms=tio2&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dtio2"><span>The solubility of sulfur in high-TiO2 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Danckwerth, P. A.; Hess, P. C.; Rutherford, M. J.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>The present paper deals with an experimental investigation of the solubility of sulfur of the high-TiO2 mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 74275 at 1 atm, 1250 C. The data indicate that at <span class="hlt">saturation</span>, 74275 is capable of dissolving 3400 ppm sulfur at 10 to 15 degrees below its liquidus. The analyzed samples of 74275 show sulfur contents of 1650 ppm S, which indicates that 74275 was 50% undersaturated at the time of eruption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110008787','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110008787"><span>The Mantle and <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>-Crust Interaction Below the Mount Taylor Volcanic Field, New Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schrader, Christian M.; Crumpler, Larry S.; Schmidt, Marick E.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The Mount Taylor Volcanic Field (MTVF) lies on the Jemez Lineament on the southeastern margin of the Colorado Plateau. The field is centered on the Mt. Taylor composite volcano and includes Mesa Chivato to the NE and Grants Ridge to the WSW. MTVF magmatism spans approximately 3.8-1.5 Ma (K-Ar). Magmas are dominantly alkaline with mafic compositions ranging from basanite to hy-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> and felsic compositions ranging from ne-trachyte to rhyolite. We are investigating the state of the mantle and the spatial and temporal variation in <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-crustal interaction below the MTVF by examining mantle xenoliths and <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the context of new mapping and future Ar-Ar dating. The earliest dated magmatism in the field is a basanite flow south of Mt. Taylor. Mantle xenolith-bearing alkali <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and basanites occur on Mesa Chivato and in the region of Mt. Taylor, though most <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are peripheral to the main cone. Xenolith-bearing magmatism persists at least into the early stages of conebuilding. Preliminary examination of the mantle xenolith suite suggests it is dominantly lherzolitic but contains likely examples of both melt-depleted (harzburgitic) and melt-enriched (clinopyroxenitic) mantle. There are aphyric and crystal-poor hawaiites, some of which are hy-normative, on and near Mt. Taylor, but many of the more evolved MTVF <span class="hlt">basalts</span> show evidence of complex histories. Mt. Taylor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> higher in the cone-building sequence contain >40% zoned plagioclase pheno- and megacrysts. Other <span class="hlt">basalts</span> peripheral to Mt. Taylor and at Grants Ridge contain clinopyroxene and plagioclase megacrysts and cumulate-textured xenoliths, suggesting they interacted with lower crustal cumulates. Among the questions we are addressing: What was the chemical and thermal state of the mantle recorded by the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> suites and xenoliths and how did it change with time? Are multiple parental <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (Si-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> vs. undersaturated) represented and, if so, what changes in the mantle or in the tectonic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T51B2570D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T51B2570D"><span>Rhyolite, dacite, andesite, <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> andesite, and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> volcanism on the Alarcon Rise spreading-center, Gulf of California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dreyer, B. M.; Portner, R. A.; Clague, D. A.; Castillo, P. R.; Paduan, J. B.; Martin, J. F.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p> glasses (~56% SiO2), and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses, more typical of the rest of the ridge, occur within 100m of the dome. Flow(s) with andesite glass compositions (~62 wt % SiO2) are exposed in fault scarps ~1km SW of the dome. Minor seawater contamination in evolved lavas (> 53 wt % SiO2) is indicated by generally increasing Cl-/K2O with decreasing MgO and increasing SiO2. Three preliminary Sr-isotopic analyses indicate that crustal assimilation and assimilation of altered crustal rocks has been minimal. Major element trends, and a preliminary subset of laser-ablation ICP-MS data, are consistent with extended fractional crystallization from a multiply-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> parental liquid(s) of limited compositional range. Rare earth element abundances range from 15-150x chondritic, and patterns are coarsely described as flat with moderate LREE-depletion (LaN/CeN ~ 0.8- 0.9). Differentiated lavas have distinct negative Eu-anomalies documenting extensive crystal fractionation of plagioclase in the generation of the more evolved lavas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47..820B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47..820B"><span>Synthesis of a spinifex-textured <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as an analog to Gusev crater <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bost, Nicolas; Westall, Frances; Gaillard, Fabrice; Ramboz, Claire; Foucher, Frédéric</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>Analyses by the Mars Exploration Rover (MER), Spirit, of Martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Gusev crater show that they are chemically very different from terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, being characterized in particular by high Mg- and Fe-contents. To provide suitable analog <span class="hlt">basalts</span> for the International Space Analogue Rockstore (ISAR), a collection of analog rocks and minerals for preparing in situ space missions, especially, the upcoming Mars mission MSL-2011 and the future international Mars-2018 mission, it is necessary to synthesize Martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The aim of this study was therefore to synthesize Martian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> analogs to the Gusev crater <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, based on the geochemical data from the MER rover Spirit. We present the results of two experiments, one producing a quench-cooled <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (<1 h) and one producing a more slowly cooled <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (1 day). Pyroxene and olivine textures produced in the more slowly cooled <span class="hlt">basalt</span> were surprisingly similar to spinifex textures in komatiites, a volcanic rock type very common on the early Earth. These kinds of ultramafic rocks and their associated alteration products may have important astrobiological implications when associated with aqueous environments. Such rocks could provide habitats for chemolithotrophic microorganisms, while the glass and phyllosilicate derivatives can fix organic compounds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CoMP..163..189T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CoMP..163..189T"><span>Cumulate xenoliths from St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles Island Arc: a window into upper crustal differentiation of mantle-derived <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tollan, P. M. E.; Bindeman, I.; Blundy, J. D.</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>In order to shed light on upper crustal differentiation of mantle-derived <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas in a subduction zone setting, we have determined the mineral chemistry and oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of individual cumulus minerals in plutonic blocks from St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. Plutonic rock types display great variation in mineralogy, from olivine-gabbros to troctolites and hornblendites, with a corresponding variety of cumulate textures. Mineral compositions differ from those in erupted <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lavas from St. Vincent and in published high-pressure (4-10 kb) experimental run products of a St. Vincent high-Mg <span class="hlt">basalt</span> in having higher An plagioclase coexisting with lower Fo olivine. The oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) of cumulus olivine (4.89-5.18‰), plagioclase (5.84-6.28‰), clinopyroxene (5.17-5.47‰) and hornblende (5.48-5.61‰) and hydrogen isotope composition of hornblende (δD = -35.5 to -49.9‰) are all consistent with closed system magmatic differentiation of a mantle-derived <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt. We employed a number of modelling exercises to constrain the origin of the chemical and isotopic compositions reported. δ18OOlivine is up to 0.2‰ higher than modelled values for closed system fractional crystallisation of a primary melt. We attribute this to isotopic disequilibria between cumulus minerals crystallising at different temperatures, with equilibration retarded by slow oxygen diffusion in olivine during prolonged crustal storage. We used melt inclusion and plagioclase compositions to determine parental magmatic water contents (water <span class="hlt">saturated</span>, 4.6 ± 0.5 wt% H2O) and crystallisation pressures (173 ± 50 MPa). Applying these values to previously reported <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> andesite lava compositions, we can reproduce the cumulus plagioclase and olivine compositions and their associated trend. We conclude that differentiation of primitive hydrous <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on St. Vincent involves crystallisation of olivine and Cr-rich spinel at depth</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V11A2744P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V11A2744P"><span>Evidence for de-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> to form native electrum in the Fire Creek epithermal gold-silver deposit, north-central Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Perez, J.; Day, J. M.; Cook, G. W.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The Fire Creek property is a newly developed and previously unstudied epithermal Au-Ag deposit located in the Northern Shoshone range of north central Nevada. The mineralization occurs within and above en echelon N-NW trending <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> dykes that are hosted within a co-genetic and bimodal suite of mid-Miocene <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and andesites formed in association with the Yellowstone hotspot-track. Previous studies of Au-Ag mineralization in the Great Basin have focused primarily on extensively mined and/or low-grade deposits. Therefore, the ability for unrestricted sampling of a major Au-Ag deposit early in its exploration and development represents an opportunity for refined understanding of epithermal ore genesis processes. New petrology reveals at least two distinct pulses of mineralization that in relative order of timing are: 1) S-rich veins which are associated with initial host-rock alteration; 2) quartz- and/or calcite-rich veins which vary from fine-grained to lath-like quartz crystals with large calcite crystals in vein centers. Native electrum occurs only within the second phase of mineralization and typically occurs within quartz and adjacent to cross-cut first-phase S-rich veins. In places the electrum appears to replace or form overgrowths around existing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phases. High levels of gold and silver are found in both the first (0.8 g Au/tonne) and second-phase pulses (37 g Au/tonne). Fire Creek shares many similarities with its northern neighbor, the Mule Canyon Au-Ag deposit, with high Fe <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> contents for some of the ores, altered wall-rocks and the presence of narrow and discontinuous gold-bearing siliceous veins. Like Fire Creek, Mule Canyon possesses two distinct mineralizing phases, a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> rich and a late stage calcite/silica assemblage. The first pulse appears to be identical in both locations with a variation of disseminated to euhedral iron-<span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and associated intense alteration of host rock. However, Fire Creek differs from Mule Canyon in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V33I..05K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V33I..05K"><span>Assessing Causes and Consequences of Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Volcanism with Zircon Geochronology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kasbohm, J.; Schoene, B.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (CRB) is the youngest and best-preserved continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> province, but its mechanism of origin remains disputed. While some workers favor a mantle plume source to generate the large volume of flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, others prefer subduction-related processes such as slab breakoff. Additionally, based on current geochronological (K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar) estimates for the age of the CRB, there appears to be a very broad temporal coincidence between the main eruptive phase of the CRB and the Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO), a period of elevated global temperatures and atmospheric CO2. Currently, large analytical uncertainties preclude the detailed calculation of volumetric eruption rates, which will be essential to test models of origin and to pinpoint correlation to climate records. To develop a complete record of eruption rates through the CRB, we use CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb zircon geochronology, which is capable of yielding 2σ uncertainties on single analyses of ca. 10 kyr. While <span class="hlt">basalt</span> does not typically <span class="hlt">saturate</span> zircon, interflow sediments, paleosols, and volcaniclastic layers in the CRB stratigraphy contain felsic zircon-bearing ash, likely sourced from both the Cascades arc and incipient Snake River plain volcanism. We use U-Pb zircon dates from these horizons to bracket the age of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows. Preliminary results show that 88% of the total volume of the CRB (the Imnaha, Grande Ronde, and Wanapum <span class="hlt">Basalts</span>) erupted in 700 kyr, beginning 16.6 Ma, with an average effusion rate of 0.26 km3/yr and with occurrence of lava flows propagating from south to north at a minimum rate of 0.3 m/yr. Thus far, these results do not preclude a mantle plume origin, but do place quantitative constraints on geodynamic numerical models hoping to constrain flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> origins. Although models based on prior geochronology have suggested that degassing from the CRB was insufficient to cause the MMCO, our calculated reduction in the duration of the main phase of CRB</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.V11B1936P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.V11B1936P"><span>Volcanic Diapirs: Evidence of Volatile Driven Convection within Jurassic Flood <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Flows, Paterson, New Jersey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Puffer, J. H.; Laskowich, C.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Volcanic diapirs are defined here as primary dome-shaped structures composed of vesicular colonnade that has displaced overlying entablatures. The diapirs of the Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> extend from the top of a lower colonnade to about 2 to over 20 m into an overlying entablature. The total thickness of the diapir bearing flow is about 70 m. Twenty-eight diapirs have been found in the first of the three flows of Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>; an additional large diapir was found in the first of five Preakness <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> flows. One large active Paterson area trap-rock quarry was monitored on a nearly daily basis for 15 years where 9 diapirs were exposed at random but widely separated locations throughout a 15,000 square meters area. Orange Mountain diapirs and adjacent colonnade layers are composed of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> characterized by poorly developed columnar jointing in contrast to overlying well developed entablatures. The cooling joint pattern of overlying entablatures radiates away from the diapirs indicating a primary igneous origin. The diapirs are distinctly enriched in sodic plagioclase and are chemically characterized by sodium, titanium, boron, and copper enrichment with depletion of aluminum, calcium, and potassium compared to entablature compositions. They contain abundant partially collapsed vesicles up to 1.5 m across lined with prehnite, calcite, copper <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, and trace amounts of zeolites (including heulandite, stilbite) and pectolite. They superficially resemble tumulus but are not developed at or near flow tops. Diapirs also resemble very large volcanic spiracles but are not developed at the basal contact of flows. The occurrence of diapirs within the Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">basalt</span> demonstrates the ability of volatiles to vertically transport large masses of highly enriched melt or crystal mush into central to upper flow positions. Volatile driven convection has been proposed by several authors as a mechanism capable of emplacing pegmatoids and segregation veins within</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992CoMP..112..501D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992CoMP..112..501D"><span>Anhydrous PT phase relations of an Aleutian high-MgO <span class="hlt">basalt</span>: an investigation of the role of olivine-liquid reaction in the generation of arc high-alumina <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Draper, David S.; Johnston, A. Dana</p> <p>1992-12-01</p> <p>We report results of anhydrous 1 atm and piston-cylinder experiments on ID16, an Aleutian high-magnesia <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (HMB), designed to investigate potential petrogenetic links between arc high-alumina <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (HABs) and less common HMBs. ID16 is multiply <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with a plagioclase/spinel iherzolite mineral assemblage (olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, spinel) immediately beneath the 12 kbar liquidus. Derivative liquids produced at high temperatures in the 10 20 kbar melting interval of ID16 have compositions resembling those published of many moderate-CaO HABs, although lower-temperature liquids are poorer in CaO and richer in alkalies than are typical HABs. Isomolar pseudoternary projections and numerical mass-balance modeling suggest that derivative melts of ID16 enter into a complex reaction relationship with olivine at 10 kbar and 1,200° C 1,150° C. We sought to test such a mechanism to explain the lack of liquidus olivine in anhydrous experiments on mafic high-alumina <span class="hlt">basalts</span> such as SSS. 1.4 (Johnston 1986). These derivative liquids, however, do not resemble typical arc high-alumina <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, suggesting that olivine-liquid reaction does not account for Johnston's (1986) observations. Instead, we suggest that olivine can be brought onto the liquidus of such compositions only through the involvement of H2O, which will affect the influence of bulk CaO, MgO, and Al2O3 contents on the identity of HAB liquidus phases (olivine or plagioclase) at pressures less than ˜12 kbar.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042594','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042594"><span>Effect of Fluorine on Near-Liquidus Phase Equilibria of <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Filiberto, Justin; Wood, Justin; Loan, Le; Dasgupta, Rajdeep; Shimizu, Nobumichi; Treiman, Allan H.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Volatile species such as H2O, CO2, F, and Cl have significant impact in generation and differentiation of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts. Thus far experimental work has primarily focused on the effect of water and carbon dioxide on <span class="hlt">basalt</span> crystallization, liquid-line of descent, and mantle melting [e.g., 1, 2] and the effects of halogens have received far less attention [3-4]. However, melts in the planetary interiors can have non-negligible chlorine and fluorine concentrations. Here, we explore the effects of fluorine on near-liquidus phase equilibria of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. We have conducted nominally anhydrous piston cylinder experiments using graphite capsules at 0.6 - 1.5 GPa on an Fe-rich model <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composition. 1.75 wt% fluorine was added to the starting mix in the form of AgF2. Fluorine in the experimental glass was measured by SIMS and major elements of glass and minerals were analyzed by EPMA. Nominally volatile free experiments yield a liquidus temperature from 1330 C at 0.8GPa to 1400 at 1.6GPa and an olivine(Fo72)-pyroxene(En68)-liquid multiple <span class="hlt">saturation</span> point at 1.25 GPa and 1375 C. The F-bearing experiments yield a liquiudus temperature from 1260 C at 0.6GPa to 1305 at 1.5GPa and an ol(Fo66)-pyx(En64)-MSP at 1 GPa and 1260 C. This shows that F depresses the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> liquidus, extends the pyroxene stability field to lower pressure, and forces the liquidus phases to be more Fe-rich. KD(Fe-Mg/mineral-melt) calculated for both pyroxenes and olivines show an increase with increasing F content of the melt. Therefore, we infer that F complexes with Mg in the melt and thus increases the melt s silica activity, depressing the liquidus and changing the composition of the crystallizing minerals. Our study demonstrates that on a weight percent basis, the effect of fluorine is similar to the effect of H2O [1] and Cl [3] on freezing point depression of <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. But on an atomic fraction basis, the effect of F on liquidus depression of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is xxxx compared to the effect of H. Future</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MinDe..41..369Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MinDe..41..369Y"><span>Gold contents of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals in granitoids from southwestern New Brunswick, Canada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Xue-Ming; Lentz, David R.; Sylvester, Paul J.</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>The abundance of gold and selected trace elements in magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and rock-forming minerals from Silurian-Devonian granitoids in southwestern New Brunswick were quantitatively analyzed by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Gold is mainly hosted in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals (i.e., chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite), in some cases perhaps as submicron inclusions (nanonuggets). Gold is below detection (<0.02 ppm) in major rock-forming minerals (i.e., plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, hornblende, and muscovite) and oxides (i.e., magnetite, and ilmenite). Gold distribution coefficients between <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and granitoid melt are calculated empirically as: 2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX % garmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wz % aebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaq % Fr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qq % Q8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaeaaakeaaca % WGebWaa0baaSqaaiaabgeacaqG1baabaGaae4yaiaabchacaqG5bGa % ae4laiaab2gacaqGLbGaaeiBaiaabshaaaGccqGH9aqpcaaI5aGaaG % inaiaaiIdacqGHXcqScaaIYaGaaGOnaiaaiMdacaGGSaGaaeiiaiaa % dseadaqhaaWcbaGaaeyqaiaabwhaaeaacaqGWbGaae4Baiaab+caca % qGTbGaaeyzaiaabYgacaqG0baaaOGaeyypa0JaaGymaiaaiwdacaaI % WaGaeyySaeRaaGioaiaaiodacaGGSaGaaeiiaiaabggacaqGUbGaae % izaiaabccacaWGebWaa0baaSqaaiaabgeacaqG1baabaGaaeiCaiaa % bMhacaqGVaGaaeyBaiaabwgacaqGSbGaaeiDaaaakiabg2da9iaaio % dacaaI2aGaaGOmaiabgglaXkaaiMdacaaI2aaaaa!6E8F! D^{{{text{cpy/melt}}}}_{{{text{Au}}}}= 948 ± 269,{text{ }}D^{{{text{po/melt}}}}_{{{text{Au}}}} = 150 ± 83,{text{ and }}D^{{{text{py/melt}}}}_{{{text{Au}}}} = 362 ± 96. This result suggests that gold behavior in the granitoid systems is controlled by the conditions of sulfur <span class="hlt">saturation</span> during magmatic evolution; the threshold of physiochemical conditions for sulfur <span class="hlt">saturation</span> in the melts is a key factor affecting gold activity. Gold behaves incompatibly prior to the formation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids or minerals, but it</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/865685','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/865685"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> chemiluminescence detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spurlin, Stanford R.; Yeung, Edward S.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>A method of chemiluminescently determining a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> which is either hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> or methyl mercaptan by reacting the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with chlorine dioxide at low pressure and under conditions which allow a longer reaction time in emission of a single photon for every two <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> containing species, and thereafter, chemiluminescently detecting and determining the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The invention also relates not only to the detection method, but the novel chemical reaction and a specifically designed chemiluminescence detection cell for the reaction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920003704','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920003704"><span>Relationships among <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lunar meteorites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lindstrom, Marilyn M.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>During the past two years four meteorites of dominantly mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composition were identified in the Japanese and US Antarctic collections. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> represent a much higher proportion of the lunar meteorites than is expected from photogeologic mapping of mare and highland regions. Also, the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lunar meteorites are all described as VLT mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, which is a relatively uncommon type among returned lunar samples. The significance of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> meteorites to the understanding of the lunar crust depends on the evaluation of possible relationships among the individual meteorites. None of the specimens are paired meteorites. They differ from each other in petrography and composition. It is important to determine whether they might be paired ejecta which were ejected from the same mare region by the same impact. The question of paired ejecta must be addressed using a combination of exposure histories and petrographic/compositional characteristics. It is possible that the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lunar meteorites are paired ejecta from the same region of the Moon. However, the relationships among them are more complicated than the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> breccias being simply brecciated mare gabbros.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7148124','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7148124"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> chemiluminescence detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spurlin, S.R.; Yeung, E.S.</p> <p>1985-11-26</p> <p>A method is described for chemiluminescently determining a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> which is either hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> or methyl mercaptan by reacting the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with chlorine dioxide at low pressure and under conditions which allow a longer reaction time in emission of a single photon for every two <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> containing species, and thereafter, chemiluminescently detecting and determining the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The invention also relates not only to the detection method, but the novel chemical reaction and a specifically designed chemiluminescence detection cell for the reaction. 4 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoMP..170...47Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoMP..170...47Z"><span>Carbon-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> monosulfide melting in the shallow mantle: solubility and effect on solidus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Zhou; Lentsch, Nathan; Hirschmann, Marc M.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>We present high-pressure experiments from 0.8 to 7.95 GPa to determine the effect of carbon on the solidus of mantle monosulfide. The graphite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> solidus of monosulfide (Fe0.69Ni0.23Cu0.01S1.00) is described by a Simon and Glatzel (Z Anorg Allg Chem 178:309-316, 1929) equation T (°C) = 969.0[ P (GPa)/5.92 + 1]0.39 (1 ≤ P ≤ 8) and is 80 ± 25 °C below the melting temperature found for carbon-free conditions. A series of comparison experiments using different capsule configurations and preparations document that the observed solidus-lowering is owing to graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span> and not an artifact of different capsules or hydrogen contamination. Concentrations of carbon in quenched graphite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> monosulfide melt measured by electron microprobe are 0.1-0.3 wt% in monosulfide melt and below the detection limit (<0.2 wt%) in crystalline monosulfide solid solution. Although there is only a small amount of carbon dissolved in monosulfide melts, the substantial effect on monosulfide solidus temperature means that the carbon-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> monosulfide (Fe0.69Ni0.23Cu0.01S1.00) solidus intersects continental mantle geotherms inferred from diamond inclusion geobarometry at 6-7 GPa ( 200 km), whereas carbon-free monosulfide (Fe0.69Ni0.23Cu0.01S1.00) solidus does not. The composition investigated (Fe0.69Ni0.23Cu0.01S1.00) has a comparatively low metal/sulfur (M/S) ratio and low Ni/(Fe + Ni), but <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> with higher (M/S) and with greater Ni/(Fe + Ni) should melt at lower temperatures and these should have a broader melt stability field in the diamond formation environment and in the continental lithosphere. Low carbon solubility in monosulfide melt excludes the possibility that diamonds are crystallized from <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt. Although monosulfide melt can store no more than 2 ppm C in a bulk mantle with 225 ppm S, melts with higher M/S could be a primary host of carbon in the deeper part of the upper mantle. For example, the storage capacity of C in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130009989','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130009989"><span><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Soil of Gale Crater: Crystalline Component Compared to Martian <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> and Meteorites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Treiman, A. H.; Bish, D. L.; Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.; Schmidt, M.; Downs, R. T.; Stolper, E. M.; Blake, D. F.; Vaniman, D. T.; Achilles, C. N.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20130009989'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20130009989_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20130009989_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20130009989_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20130009989_hide"></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A significant portion of the soil of the Rocknest dune is crystalline and is consistent with derivation from unweathered <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Minerals and their compositions are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from the CheMin instrument on MSL Curiosity. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> minerals in the soil include plagioclase, olivine, low- and high-calcium pyroxenes, magnetite, ilmenite, and quartz. The only minerals unlikely to have formed in an unaltered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> are hematite and anhydrite. The mineral proportions and compositions of the Rocknest soil are nearly identical to those of the Adirondack-class <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of Gusev Crater, Mars, inferred from their bulk composition as analyzed by the MER Spirit rover.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V33B2752K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V33B2752K"><span>An Example of Cyprus type Volcanogenic Massive <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Deposit in the Southeast of Turkey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kang, J.; Lee, I.; Donmez, C.; Yildirim, N.; Chang, S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Ortaklar mineral deposit of Gaziantep province in Turkey is located in the Southeast Anatolian orogenic belt which was developed as a result of closure of Neotethyan ocean, between Tauride (at north) and Arabian platform (at south), during upper Cretaceous-Miocene periods. Copper mineralization is in spilitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and pillow lavas of Kocali complex. The complex includes oceanic fragments that represent serpentinite, mafic and ultramafic cumulates, isotropic gabbros, sheeted dyke complexes, spilitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, pillow lavas, and radiolarian chert. The deposit is generally parallel to the thrust lines (E-W/30-60 North). Ore minerals occur in massive form and also as stockwork or disseminated forms at subsurface. Oxidized zone appears about 1 km in width at surface. The orebody is underlain and contacted with radiolarian chert. The samples mainly have been collected from open pit but also include some core samples. The samples were examined with unaided eyes and under microscope. In <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, clino-pyroxenes subophitically enclose laths of plagioclases. Amygdales are filled with calcite in spilitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and it is heavily chloritized and cut by calcite veins. In some parts of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, crystobalite is intergrowth with plagioclas. Globules between laths of plagioclase are also observed due to liquid immiscibility. Cherts have spherical radiolaria skeletons and their long thin spines. A lot of carbonate veinlets are developed as well. Few samples of cherts have radialfibrous quartz, known as chalcedonic quartz. Serpentinites in the study area are divided into two types on the basis of the existence of relics of the original minerals. One has relict crystals of olivine or pyroxene within the network of serpenitine and the other has no mineral remnants. Both types have opaque iron oxides with some brown stains among small blocks by numerous veinlets. Major ore minerals consist of chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite, and hematite. Minor ore minerals are composed of bornite</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5347598','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5347598"><span>Role of degassing of the Noril’sk nickel deposits in the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Barnes, Stephen J.; Mungall, James E.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The largest mass extinction event in Earth's history marks the boundary between the Permian and Triassic Periods at circa 252 Ma and has been linked with the eruption of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> Siberian Traps large igneous province (SLIP). One of the kill mechanisms that has been suggested is a biogenic methane burst triggered by the release of vast amounts of nickel into the atmosphere. A proposed Ni source lies within the huge Noril’sk nickel ore deposits, which formed in magmatic conduits widely believed to have fed the eruption of the SLIP <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. However, nickel is a nonvolatile element, assumed to be largely sequestered at depth in dense <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids that formed the orebodies, preventing its release into the atmosphere and oceans. Flotation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid droplets by surface attachment to gas bubbles has been suggested as a mechanism to overcome this problem and allow introduction of Ni into the atmosphere during eruption of the SLIP lavas. Here we use 2D and 3D X-ray imagery on Noril’sk nickel <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, combined with simple thermodynamic models, to show that the Noril’sk ores were degassing while they were forming. Consequent “bubble riding” by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> droplets, followed by degassing of the shallow, <span class="hlt">sulfide-saturated</span>, and exceptionally volatile and Cl-rich SLIP lavas, permitted a massive release of nickel-rich volcanic gas and subsequent global dispersal of nickel released from this gas as aerosol particles. PMID:28223492</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JHyd..271..171R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JHyd..271..171R"><span>Effectiveness of various cover scenarios on the rate of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation of mine tailings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Romano, Connie G.; Ulrich Mayer, K.; Jones, David R.; Ellerbroek, David A.; Blowes, David W.</p> <p>2003-02-01</p> <p>Long term environmentally sound disposal of the millions of tons of mining residue is a serious challenge to the international mining industry. This paper evaluates, through a numerical investigation, the potential performance of desulfurized tailings as a cover material for the reduction of acidic drainage from <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> tailings. This evaluation is facilitated through a comparison of various cover types as decommissioning options. The cover types considered consist of a desulfurized tailings material cover exposed to ambient climate conditions, a water cover (flooded tailings), and a combination cover type. As part of the evaluation of cover performances, the effect of climatic variability on the potential rate of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation in tailings with an open ground surface, was also assessed. The numerical analysis was conducted using the model PYROX, which was modified to allow for variably-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> conditions, time varying moisture contents, and to account for the temperature dependence of Henry's law and gas diffusion. In the case study presented here, the benign cover material consists of a low <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> waste stream (cassiterite float tails, CFT), a by-product of the production of tin concentrate (cassiterite, SnO 2). Modelling results after a simulation period of 100 years indicate that a water cover alone or an exposed CFT cover alone are both less effective options than the combined cover type. A water cover alone leads to a reduction of approximately 99.1%, in the oxidation rate relative to uncovered tailings while the combined cover type results in the lowest potential extent of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation after mine closure-an approximately 99.8% reduction. Importantly, a CFT cover exposed to ambient environmental conditions can still substantially reduce the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation rate, by approximately 75-82% over a 100-year time period, relative to uncovered tailings. Variability in precipitation (and hence percent <span class="hlt">saturation</span> of the surface layer) had less of an</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H21C1466G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H21C1466G"><span>Core Flooding Experiments Combined with X-rays and Micro-PET Imaging as a Tool to Calculate Fluid <span class="hlt">Saturations</span> in a Fracture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gran, M.; Zahasky, C.; Garing, C.; Pollyea, R. M.; Benson, S. M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>One way to reduce CO2 emissions is to capture CO2 generated in power plants and other industrial sources to inject it into a geological formation. Sedimentary basins are the ones traditionally used to store CO2 but the emission sources are not always close to these type of basins. In this case, <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rocks present a good storage alternative due their extent and also their potential for mineral trapping. Flow through <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks is governed by the permeable paths provided by rock fractures. Hence, knowing the behavior of the multiphase flow in these fractures becomes crucial. With the aim to describe how aperture and liquid-gas interface changes in the fracture affect relative permeability and what are the implications of permeability stress dependency, a series of core experiments were conducted. To calculate fracture apertures and fluid <span class="hlt">saturations</span>, core flooding experiments combined with medical X-Ray CT scanner and micro-PET imaging (Micro Positron Emission Tomography) were performed. Capillary pressure and relative permeability drainage curves were simultaneously measured in a fractured <span class="hlt">basalt</span> core under typical storage reservoir pressures and temperatures. The X-Ray scanner allows fracture apertures to be measured quite accurately even for fractures as small as 30 µ, but obtaining fluid <span class="hlt">saturations</span> is not straightforward. The micro-PET imaging provides dynamic measurements of tracer distributions which can be used to calculate <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. Here new experimental data is presented and the challenges associated with measuring fluid <span class="hlt">saturations</span> using both X-Rays and micro-PET are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012939','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012939"><span>Crystal Stratigraphy of Two <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> from Apollo 16: Unique Crystallization of Picritic <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> 606063,10-16 and Very-Low-Titanium <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> 65703,9-13</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Donohue, P. H.; Neal, C. R.; Stevens, R. E.; Zeigler, R. A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A geochemical survey of Apollo 16 regolith fragments found five <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> samples from among hundreds of 2-4 mm regolith fragments of the Apollo 16 site. These included a high-Ti vitrophyric <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (60603,10-16) and one very-low-titanium (VLT) crystalline <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (65703,9-13). Apollo 16 was the only highlands sample return mission distant from the maria (approx. 200 km). Identification of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> samples at the site not from the ancient regolith breccia indicates input of material via lateral transport by post-basin impacts. The presence of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocklets and glass at the site is not unprecedented and is required to satisfy mass-balance constraints of regolith compositions. However, preliminary characterization of olivine and plagioclase crystal size distributions indicated the sample textures were distinct from other known mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and instead had affinities to impact melt textures. Impact melt textures can appear qualitatively similar to pristine <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and quantitative analysis is required to distinguish between the two in thin section. The crystal stratigraphy method is a powerful tool in studying of igneous systems, utilizing geochemical analyses across minerals and textural analyses of phases. In particular, trace element signatures can aid in determining the ultimate origin of these samples and variations document subtle changes occurring during their petrogenesis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000094538&hterms=Anaerobic+bacteria&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DAnaerobic%2Bbacteria','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000094538&hterms=Anaerobic+bacteria&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DAnaerobic%2Bbacteria"><span>Alteration of Rock Fragments from Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Microcosms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wentworth, Susan J.; Thomas-Keprta, Kathie L.; Velbel, Michael A.; McKay, David S.; Stevens, Todd O.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>During an earlier study, microorganisms were grown microcosms consisting of sterilized chips of Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (CRB) and natural CRB ground water with its natural microflora; environmental conditions simulated a deep subsurface, anaerobic, dark environment. Subsequent scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM) studies revealed the presence of several types of bacteria and biofilm, some of which were mineralized. Some of these biological features are very similar to possible biogenic features found in two meteorites from Mars, ALH84001 (found in Antarctica) and Nakhla (observed to fall in Egypt). Both ALH84001 and Nakhla contain traces of low-temperature aqueous alteration of silicates, oxides, and <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The goals of this study are to use high-resolution field-emission SEM (FE-SEM) to examine the CRB samples for evidence of alteration features similar to those in the martian meteorites, to determine the extent of alteration during the CRB microcosm experiments, and to determine whether effects of biological activity can be distinguished from inorganic effects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V43G..01P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V43G..01P"><span><span class="hlt">Basalts</span>, gabbroic cumulates and andesite generation in the Lesser Antilles - An experimental perspective</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pichavant, M.; Di Carlo, I.; Lesne, P.; Wulput, L.; Maury, R. C.; Macdonald, R.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>New experiments have been performed to explore the petrological relationships between <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas, gabbroic cumulates, amphibole (Amph) crystallization and andesite generation in the Lesser Antilles arc. Four natural <span class="hlt">basalt</span> starting materials representative of typical high-MgO (HMB) and high-Al2O3 (HAB) along the arc have been selected. Results are combined with previous experimental work on mafic melts from Mt Pelée and St Vincent. Under H2O-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> conditions, Amph stability is about 25°C higher in HMB than HAB, being limited to a maximum of1050-1100°C at 10 kbar. Amph is the liquidus phase for the 3 high-Al2O3 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> above 4 kbar (> 6 wt% H2O in melt), and very close to the liquidus for the high-MgO <span class="hlt">basalt</span> at 10 kbar (9-10 wt% H2O in melt). Derivative liquids from the crystallization of Amph-bearing assemblages are <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> to dacitic, depending on parental melt composition, extent of crystallization and experimental fO2. Fractionation of > 20 wt% Amph is necessary to produce andesitic-dacitic liquids from <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> parents. Amph composition reflects the Al/Si and Mg# of their parental melts. It generally divides into two groups, one Si-poor and Al-rich (pargasite: gabbroic cumulates, <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, andesites) and the other Si-rich and Al-poor (edenite: dioritic cumulates, andesites, dacites). The systematic presence of Amph in gabbroic cumulate blocks, its near-absence in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> to andesitic lavas, plus the compositional contrast between the two Amph groups, suggest the existence of an Amph-free "window" along the P-T-X magma evolution trend. In gabbroic cumulates, Amph shows systematic differences between islands (similar Mg# but higher AlIV in Martinique than in St Vincent). Our experimental results suggest that the origin of the St Vincent gabbroic assemblages can be traced back to residual melts generated from the crystallization of high-MgO <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. However, Amph with the highest AlIV(eg, Martinique, Montserrat) have not been reproduced in our</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.V22A1003M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.V22A1003M"><span>Platinum-Group Elements in <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> Derived From the Icelandic Mantle Plume -Past and Present.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Momme, P.; Oskarsson, N.; Gronvold, K.; Tegner, C.; Brooks, K.; Keays, R.</p> <p>2001-12-01</p> <p>Paleogene <span class="hlt">basalts</span> ( ~55Ma) derived from the ancestral Iceland mantle plume and extruded during continental rifting are exposed along the Blosseville Kyst in central East Greenland. These <span class="hlt">basalts</span> comprise three intercalated series, viz: a low-Ti, high-Ti and a very high-Ti series. The two Ti-rich series are interpreted to represent continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> formed by low degrees of partial melting (degree of melting F=3-9%) while the low-Ti series are believed to have formed by higher degrees of partial melting (F:15-25%). All three of the East Greenland <span class="hlt">basalt</span> series are enriched in the PGE, relative to normal MORB. During differentiation of the low-Ti series, Pd increase from 11 to 24 ppb whereas Pt and Ir decrease from 12 and 0.6 ppb to 3 and <0.05 ppb respectively. The primitive <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (molar Mg#60) of the dominant high-Ti series contain ~6-10 ppb Pd, ~7-10 ppb Pt and ~0.2 ppb Ir whereas the most evolved <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (Mg#43) contain 25 ppb Pd, 5 ppb Pt and <0.05 ppb Ir. The PGE-rich nature of these <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is surprising because low degree partial melts are generally S-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> and hence strongly depleted in the PGE (cf, Keays, 1995). However, our data indicates that all of the East Greenland magmas were S-undersaturated and as they underwent differentiation, Pd behaved incompatibly while Ir and Pt behaved compatibly. Primitive Holocene Icelandic olivine tholeiites contain 120 ppm Cu, 6 ppb Pd, 4 ppb Pt and 0.2 ppb Ir while their picritic counterparts contain 74 ppm Cu, 17 ppb Pd, 7 ppb Pt and 0.3 ppb Ir. Both the olivine tholeiites and the picrites are believed to have formed by high degrees of partial melting (15-25%) which would have exhausted all of the sulphides in the mantle source region and produced S-undersaturated magmas. In Icelandic samples with 10-14wt% MgO, Cu and the PGEs vary systematically between the primitive picrite and olivine tholeiite compositions given above i.e there is an inverse correlation between Cu and the PGEs. This is best explained</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070031131&hterms=fog+appears&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dwhen%2Bfog%2Bappears','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070031131&hterms=fog+appears&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dwhen%2Bfog%2Bappears"><span>Coatings on Atacama Desert <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>: A Possible Analog for Coatings on Gusev Plains <span class="hlt">Basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sutter, B.; Golden, D. C.; Amundson, R.; Chong-Diaz, G.; Ming, D. W.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Surface coatings on Gusev Plains <span class="hlt">basalt</span> have been observed and may contain hematite and nanophase Fe-oxides along with enrichments in P, S, Cl, and K relative to the underlying rock. The Gusev coatings may be derived from the dissolution of adhering soil and/or parent rock along with the addition of S and Cl from outside sources. Transient water for dissolution could be sourced from melting snow during periods of high obliquity, acid fog, and/or ground water (Haskin et al., 2005). Coatings on <span class="hlt">basalt</span> in the hyper-arid (less than 2mm y(sup -1)) Atacama Desert may assist in understanding the chemistry, mineralogy and formation mechanisms of the Gusev <span class="hlt">basalt</span> coatings. The Atacama Desert climate is proposed to be analogous to a paleo-Mars climate that was characterized by limited aqueous activity when the Gusev coatings could have formed. The objectives of this work are to (i) determine the chemical nature and extent of surface coatings on Atacama Desert <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and (ii) assess coating formation mechanisms in the Atacama Desert. Preliminary backscattered electron imaging of Atacama <span class="hlt">basalt</span> thin-sections indicated that the coatings are as thick as 20 m. The boundary between the coating and the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> labradorite, ilmenite, and augite grains was abrupt indicating that the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> minerals underwent no chemical dissolution. The Atacama coatings have been added to the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> instead of being derived from <span class="hlt">basalt</span> chemical weathering. Semi-quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy shows the coatings to be chemically homogeneous. The coating is depleted in Ca (0.9 wt% CaO) and enriched in K (1.3 wt.% K2O) and Si (69.1 wt.% SiO2) relative to the augite and labradorite grains. A dust source enriched in Si (e.g., poorly crystalline silica) and K and depleted in Ca appears to have been added to the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> surface. Unlike the Gusev coatings, no P, S, and Cl enrichment was observed. However, Fe (3.2 wt.% FeO) was present in the Atacama coatings suggesting the present of Fe</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/936965','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/936965"><span>Uranium-lead isotope systematics of Mars inferred from the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> shergottite QUE 94201</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gaffney, A M; Borg, L E; Connelly, J N</p> <p>2006-12-22</p> <p> small amount of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> crystallization may generate large extents of U-Pb fractionation during formation of the mantle sources of martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27..319K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27..319K"><span>Mars: Difference Between Lowland and Highland <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> Confirms A Tendency Observed In Terrestrial and Lunar <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Compositions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kochemasov, G.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Basalts</span> are very widespread lithology on surfaces of terrestrial planets because their mantles, by general opinion, are predominantly basic in composition. Planetary sur- face unevennesses are often filled with this very fluid under high temperatures ma- terial. <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> compositions are however variable and this is helped by a wide iso- morphism of constituent minerals: Na-Ca feldspars and Fe-Mg dark minerals. Ratios between light and dark minerals as well as Fe/Mg ratios in dark minerals play an important role in regulation of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> densities. Rock density is a very important factor for constructing tectonic blocks in celestial bodies (Theorem 4, [1]). Angular momenta regulation of different level tectonic blocks in rotating bodies is more effec- tively fulfilled at the crustal level as this level has the longest radius. Thus, composition of crustal <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is very sensitive to hypsometric (tectonic0 position of certain plan- etary blocks. At Earth oceanic hollows are filled with Fe-rich tholeiites (the deepest Pacific depression is filled with the richest in Fe tholeiites), on continents prevail com- paratively Mg-rich continental <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of the Moon are predominantly Fe,Ti-rich. At higher crustal levels appear less dense feldspar-rich, KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. This tendency for martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> became clear after TES experiment on MGS [2]. The TES data on mineralogy of low-albedo regions show that type1 spectra belong to less dense basic rocks (feldspar 50%, pyroxene 25%) than type2 spectra (feldspar 35%, pyroxene + glass 35%). It means that the highland basaltoids are less dense than the lowland ones. It is interesting that the type1 spectral shape is similar to a spec- trum of the Deccan Traps flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> [2]. These continental <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of the low-lying Indostan subcontinent are known to be relatively Fe-rich and approach the oceanic tholeiites. Global gravity, magnetic, <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> composition data, available upto now for these bodies: Earth, Moon, Mars</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011989','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011989"><span>Flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and mass extinctions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Morgan, W. Jason</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>There appears to be a correlation between the times of flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and mass-extinction events. There is a correlation of flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and hotspot tracks--flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> appear to mark the beginning of a new hotspot. Perhaps there is an initial instability in the mantle that bursts forth as a flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> but then becomes a steady trickle that persists for many tens of millions of years. Suppose that flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and not impacts cause the environmental changes that lead to mass-extinctions. This is a very testable hypothesis: it predicts that the ages of the flows should agree exactly with the times of extinctions. The Deccan and K-T ages agree with this hypothesis; An iridium anomaly at extinction boundaries apparently can be explained by a scaled-up eruption of the Hawaiian type; the occurrence of shocked-quartz is more of a problem. However if the flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are all well dated and their ages indeed agree with extinction times, then surely some mechanism to appropriately produce shocked-quartz will be found.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780040890&hterms=oceans+behavior&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Doceans%2Bbehavior','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780040890&hterms=oceans+behavior&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Doceans%2Bbehavior"><span>Trace elements in ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kay, R. W.; Hubbard, N. J.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>A study is made of the trace elements found in ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. General assumptions regarding melting behavior, trace element fractionation, and alteration effects are presented. Data on the trace elements are grouped according to refractory lithophile elements, refractory siderophile elements, and volatile metals. Variations in ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalt</span> chemistry are noted both for regional and temporal characteristics. Ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are compared to other terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, such as those having La/Yb ratios greater than those of chondrites, and those having La/Yb ratios less than those of chondrites. It is found that (1) as compared to solar or chondrite ratios, ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have low ratios of large, highly-charged elements to smaller less highly-charged elements, (2) ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> exhibit low ratios of volatile to nonvolatile elements, and (3) the transition metals Cr through Zn in ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are not fractionated more than a factor of 2 or 3 from the chondritic abundance ratios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JaJAP..56gKC01O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JaJAP..56gKC01O"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> semiconductor materials prepared by high-speed electrodeposition and discussion of electrochemical reaction mechanism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Okamoto, Naoki; Kataoka, Kentaro; Saito, Takeyasu</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>A manufacturing method for SnS using a one-step electrochemical technique was developed. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> semiconductor was formed by electrodeposition using an aqueous bath at low temperatures. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> semiconductor particles produced were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The highest current density at which SnS was formed was 1800 mA/cm2 at a bath temperature of 293 K, which is 36 times larger than that in a previous deposition process. Analysis of the chronoamperometric current-time transients indicated that in the potential range from -1100 to -2000 mV vs <span class="hlt">saturated</span> calomel electrode (SCE), the electrodeposition of SnS can be explained by an instantaneous nucleation model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V51D3064A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V51D3064A"><span>The Plumbing System of a Highly Explosive <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Volcano: Sunset Crater, AZ</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Allison, C. M.; Roggensack, K.; Clarke, A. B.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>We seek to better understand highly explosive <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruptions with specific focus on magmatic volatile solubility in alkali <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the magma plumbing system. Sunset Crater, an alkali <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (~3.7 wt.% alkalis) scoria cone volcano, erupted explosively in 1085 AD. We analyzed 125 primary melt inclusions (MIs) from Sunset Crater tephra deposited by 2 subplinian phases and 1 Strombolian explosion to compare magma volatiles and storage conditions. We picked rapidly quenched free olivine crystals and selected large volume MIs (50-180 μm) located toward crystal cores. MIs are faceted and exhibit little major element composition variability with minor post entrapment crystallization (2-10%). MIs are relatively dry but CO2-rich. Water content varies from 0.4 wt.% to 1.5 wt.% while carbon dioxide abundance ranges between 1,150 ppm and 3,250 ppm. Most MIs contain >1 wt.% H2O and >2,150 ppm CO2. All observed MIs contain a vapor bubble, so we are evaluating MI vapor bubbles with Raman spectroscopy and re-homogenization experiments to determine the full volatile budget. Because knowledge of volatile solubility is critical to accurately interpret results from MI analyses, we measured H2O-CO2 solubility in the Sunset Crater bulk composition. Fluid-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> experiments at 4 and 6 kbar indicate shallower entrapment pressures for these MIs than values calculated for this composition using existing models. Assuming fluid <span class="hlt">saturation</span>, MIs record depths from 6 km to 14 km, including groupings suggesting two pauses for longer-term storage at ~6 km and ~10.5 km. We do not observe any significant differences in MIs from phases exhibiting different eruptive styles, suggesting that while a high CO2 content may drive rapid magma ascent and be partly responsible for highly explosive eruptions, shallower processes may govern the final eruptive character. To track shallow processes during magma ascent from depth of MI-entrapment up to the surface, we are examining MI re-entrants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JVGR...92..389W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JVGR...92..389W"><span>Effects of shallow <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> intrusion into pyroclastic deposits, Grants Ridge, New Mexico, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>WoldeGabriel, Giday; Keating, Gordon N.; Valentine, Greg A.</p> <p>1999-10-01</p> <p>A localized aureole up to 10 m wide developed around a 150-m-wide, 2.6 Ma <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> plug at Grants Ridge, New Mexico. The plug intruded into nonwelded, pumice-rich compositionally homogenous tuff and volcaniclastic sediments of similar age (3.3 Ma). Color variation (pinkish to orange), strong local contact welding, brecciation, partial melting, and stoping characterize the host rock within the contact zone. Despite the high-temperature <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> intrusion, there is no indication of extensive fluid-driven convective heat transfer and pervasive hydrothermal circulation and alteration of the country rock. The proportion of volcanic glass, loss on ignition (LOI), fluorine, iron, and some trace and rare earth element contents in the host rocks are somewhat depleted at the contact of the intrusion. Conversely, the degree of devitrification and the potassium content are higher along the contact. Vapor-phase expulsion of elemental species as complexes of fluoride, chloride, hydroxide, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and carbon dioxide may have been responsible for the minor depletion of the elements during the devitrification of silicic glass at near-solidus temperature related to the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> intrusion. The results of finite-difference numerical modeling of the intrusion as a dry, conduction-dominated system agree well with geochemical and mineralogical data. Contact welding of the host rocks apparently occurred at temperatures >700°C under a density-driven lateral load of approximately 1 MPa, corresponding to the observed depth below the former ground surface of ˜100 m. Other physical changes in the first 10 m of host rock, represented by partial devitrification and color changes, apparently occurred at temperatures of 500-600°C, which probably persisted for up to 55 years after the emplacement of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> plug. Devitrification is generally enhanced by the presence of aqueous fluids; however, the abundance of volcanic glass within a short distance (˜10 m) from the plug is consistent with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013CoMP..166..351N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013CoMP..166..351N"><span>The Axum-Adwa <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-trachyte complex: a late magmatic activity at the periphery of the Afar plume</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Natali, C.; Beccaluva, L.; Bianchini, G.; Siena, F.</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>The Axum-Adwa igneous complex consists of a <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-trachyte (syenite) suite emplaced at the northern periphery of the Ethiopian plateau, after the paroxysmal eruption of the Oligocene (ca 30 Ma) continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (CFB), which is related to the Afar plume activity. 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar ages, carried out for the first time on felsic and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks, constrain the magmatic age of the greater part of the complex around Axum to 19-15 Ma, whereas trachytic lavas from volcanic centres NE of Adwa are dated ca 27 Ma. The felsic compositions straddle the critical SiO2-<span class="hlt">saturation</span> boundary, ranging from normative quartz trachyte lavas east of Adwa to normative (and modal) nepheline syenite subvolcanic domes (the obelisks stones of ancient axumites) around Axum. Petrogenetic modelling based on rock chemical data and phase equilibria calculations by PELE (Boudreau 1999) shows that low-pressure fractional crystallization processes, starting from mildly alkaline- and alkaline <span class="hlt">basalts</span> comparable to those present in the complex, could generate SiO2-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> trachytes and SiO2-undersaturated syenites, respectively, which correspond to residual liquid fractions of 17 and 10 %. The observed differentiation processes are consistent with the development of rifting events and formation of shallow magma chambers plausibly located between displaced (tilted) crustal blocks that favoured trapping of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> parental magmas and their fractionation to felsic differentiates. In syenitic domes, late- to post-magmatic processes are sometimes evidenced by secondary mineral associations (e.g. Bete Giorgis dome) which overprint the magmatic parageneses, and mainly induce additional nepheline and sodic pyroxene neo-crystallization. These metasomatic reactions were promoted by the circulation of Na-Cl-rich deuteric fluids (600-400 °C), as indicated by mineral and bulk rock chemical budgets as well as by δ18O analyses on mineral separates. The occurrence of this magmatism post-dating the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMEP33C0781P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMEP33C0781P"><span>Freeze-Thaw Cycle Test on <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, Diorite and Tuff Specimens with the Simulated Ground Temperature of Antarctica</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, J.; Hyun, C.; Cho, H.; Park, H.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Physical weathering caused by freeze-thaw action in cold regions was simulated with artificial weathering simulator in laboratory. Physical weathering of rock in cold regions usually depends on the temperature, rock type and moisture content. Then these three variables were considered in this study. The laboratory freeze-thaw tests were conducted on the three types of rocks, e.g. diorite, <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and tuff, which are the major rock types around Sejong Station, King George Island, Antarctica. Nine core samples composed of three samples from each rock type were prepared in NX core, and 50 cycles of freeze-thaw test was carried out under dried and <span class="hlt">saturated</span> water conditions. In this study, the physical weathering of rocks was investigated after each 10 cycles by measuring P-wave velocity, bulk density, effective porosity, Schmidt hardness and uniaxial compression strength(UCS). The experimental result of the diorite and the tuff specimens showed that P-wave velocity, bulk density, effective porosity, Schmidt hardness and UCS were gradually decreased as weathering progresses, but the result of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> specimens did not show typical trends due to the characteristics of irregular pore distribution and various pore sizes. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) photographs of diorite, <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and tuff specimens weathered in dried and <span class="hlt">saturated</span> conditions were also acquired to investigate the role of water during physical weathering processes. The number and size of microcracks were increased as weathering progresses. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) Grant(NRF-2010-0027753).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682258.html','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682258.html"><span>Selenium <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... minutes.Do not leave selenium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on your hair, scalp, or skin for long periods (e.g., ... jewelry; selenium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> may damage it. Wash your hair with ordinary shampoo and rinse it well. Shake ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.449..345G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26PSL.449..345G"><span>The influence of melt flux and crustal processing on Re-Os isotope systematics of ocean island <span class="hlt">basalts</span>: Constraints from Galápagos</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gibson, S. A.; Dale, C. W.; Geist, D. J.; Day, J. A.; Brügmann, G.; Harpp, K. S.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>New rhenium-osmium data for high-MgO (>9 wt.%) <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Galápagos Archipelago reveal a large variation in 187Os/188Os (0.1304 to 0.173), comparable with the range shown by primitive global ocean island <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (OIBs). <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> with the least radiogenic 187Os/188Os occur closest to the Galápagos plume stem: those in western Galápagos have low 187Os/188Os, moderate 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206Pb/204Pb and high 3He/4He whereas <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the south also have low 187Os/188Os but more radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206Pb/204Pb and 3He/4He. Our new Os isotope data are consistent with the previously established spatial zonation of the common global isotopic mantle reservoir ;C; and ancient recycled oceanic crust in the mantle plume beneath western and southern parts of Galápagos, respectively. Galápagos <span class="hlt">basalts</span> with the most radiogenic 187Os/188Os (up to 0.1875) typically have moderate MgO (7-9 wt.%) and low Os (<50 pg g-1) but have contrastingly unenriched Sr, Nd and Pb isotope signatures. We interpret this decoupling of chalcophile and lithophile isotopic systems as due to assimilation of young Pacific lower crust during crystal fractionation. Mixing models show the assimilated crust must have higher contents of Re and Os, and more radiogenic 187Os/188Os (0.32), than previously proposed for oceanic gabbros. We suggest the inferred, exceptionally-high radiogenic 187Os of the Pacific crust may be localised and due to <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> precipitated from hydrothermal systems established at the Galápagos Spreading Centre. High 187Os/188Os Galápagos <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are found where plume material is being dispersed laterally away from the plume stem to the adjacent spreading centre (i.e. in central and NE parts of the archipelago). The extent to which crustal processing influences 187Os/188Os appears to be primarily controlled by melt flux: as distance from the stem of the Galápagos plume increases, the melt flux decreases and crustal assimilation becomes proportionally</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806283','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806283"><span>Electrochemical hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> biosensors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Tailin; Scafa, Nikki; Xu, Li-Ping; Zhou, Shufeng; Abdullah Al-Ghanem, Khalid; Mahboob, Shahid; Fugetsu, Bunshi; Zhang, Xueji</p> <p>2016-02-21</p> <p>The measurement of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, especially hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, has held the attention of the analytical community due to its unique physiological and pathophysiological roles in biological systems. Electrochemical detection offers a rapid, highly sensitive, affordable, simple, and real-time technique to measure hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentration, which has been a well-documented and reliable method. This review details up-to-date research on the electrochemical detection of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (ion selective electrodes, polarographic hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> sensors, etc.) in biological samples for potential therapeutic use.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1713768N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1713768N"><span>Prevention of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-rich waste rock</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nyström, Elsa; Alakangas, Lena</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The ability to reduce <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation in waste rock after mine closure is a widely researched area, but to reduce and/or inhibit the oxidation during operation is less common. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-rich (ca 30 % sulfur) waste rock, partially oxidized, was leached during unsaturated laboratory condition. Trace elements such as As and Sb were relatively high in the waste rock while other <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-associated elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn were low compared to common <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-rich waste rock. Leaching of unsaturated waste rock lowered the pH, from around six down to two, resulting in continuously increasing element concentrations during the leaching period of 272 days. The concentrations of As (65 mg/L), Cu (6.9 mg/L), Sb (1.2 mg/L), Zn (149 mg/L) and S (43 g/L) were strongly elevated at the end of the leaching period. Different alkaline industrial residues such as slag, lime kiln dust and cement kiln dust were added as solid or as liquid to the waste rock in an attempt to inhibit <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation through neo-formed phases on <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> surfaces in order to decrease the mobility of metals and metalloids over longer time scale. This will result in a lower cost and efforts of measures after mine closure. Results from the experiments will be presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V43A4856H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V43A4856H"><span><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> cannibalism at Thrihnukagigur volcano, Iceland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hudak, M. R.; Feineman, M. D.; La Femina, P. C.; Geirsson, H.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Magmatic assimilation of felsic continental crust is a well-documented, relatively common phenomenon. The extent to which <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> crust is assimilated by magmas, on the other hand, is not well known. <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> cannibalism, or the wholesale incorporation of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> crustal material into a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma, is thought to be uncommon because <span class="hlt">basalt</span> requires more energy than higher silica rocks to melt. <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> materials that are unconsolidated, poorly crystalline, or palagonitized may be more easily ingested than fully crystallized massive <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, thus allowing <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> cannibalism to occur. Thrihnukagigur volcano, SW Iceland, offers a unique exposure of a buried cinder cone within its evacuated conduit, 100 m below the main vent. The unconsolidated tephra is cross-cut by a NNE-trending dike, which runs across the ceiling of this cave to a vent that produced lava and tephra during the ~4 Ka fissure eruption. Preliminary petrographic and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses indicate that there are two populations of plagioclase present in the system - Population One is stubby (aspect ratio < 1.7) with disequilibrium textures and low Ba/Sr ratios while Population Two is elongate (aspect ratio > 2.1), subhedral to euhedral, and has much higher Ba/Sr ratios. Population One crystals are observed in the cinder cone, dike, and surface lavas, whereas Population Two crystals are observed only in the dike and surface lavas. This suggests that a magma crystallizing a single elongate population of plagioclase intruded the cinder cone and rapidly assimilated the tephra, incorporating the stubbier population of phenocrysts. This conceptual model for <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> cannibalism is supported by field observations of large-scale erosion upward into the tephra, which is coated by magma flow-back indicating that magma was involved in the thermal etching. While the unique exposure at Thrihnukagigur makes it an exceptional place to investigate <span class="hlt">basaltic</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.P12A..08H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.P12A..08H"><span><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> caves at Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve as analogs for Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hinman, N. W.; Richardson, C. D.; McHenry, L.; Scott, J. R.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p> minerals were not included as no iron was detected in solution. Results compared well with evaporation of solutions generated by simulating chemical weathering of minerals found in the <span class="hlt">basalt</span>; this approach allowed iron minerals to precipitate during evaporation because minerals in the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> contained iron. The minerals modeled upon evaporation included the minerals observed in the actual deposits - hematite, calcite, and quartz. Na-minerals neared <span class="hlt">saturation</span> in simulations but were normally not <span class="hlt">saturated</span>, leaving open the question of their origin. One possible explanation for the presence of Na-minerals could be seasonal ice formation in the caves followed by sublimation, leaving more concentrated solutions behind than were sampled here. A seasonal model for mineral deposition in caves could be relevant to deposits in martian caves. While the formation mechanism for the secondary minerals at COM is not completely understood, the presence of secondary minerals that harbor organic compounds in a cave environment that may be analogous to Mar has implications for where to search for signs of martian life.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/868376','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/868376"><span>Cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> membranes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spanhel, Lubomir; Anderson, Marc A.</p> <p>1992-07-07</p> <p>A method is described for the creation of novel q-effect cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> membranes. The membranes are made by first creating a dilute cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> colloid in aqueous suspension and then removing the water and excess salts therefrom. The cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> membrane thus produced is luminescent at room temperature and may have application in laser fabrication.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/868034','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/868034"><span>Cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> membranes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spanhel, Lubomir; Anderson, Marc A.</p> <p>1991-10-22</p> <p>A method is described for the creation of novel q-effect cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> membranes. The membranes are made by first creating a dilute cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> colloid in aqueous suspension and then removing the water and excess salts therefrom. The cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> membrane thus produced is luminescent at room temperature and may have application in laser fabrication.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925545','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925545"><span>Kinetics of sulfate reduction and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitation rates in sediments of a bar-built estuary (Pescadero, California).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Richards, Chandra M; Pallud, Céline</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The bar-built Pescadero Estuary in Northern California is a major fish rearing habitat, though recently threatened by near-annual fish kill events, which occur when the estuary transitions from closed to open state. The direct and indirect effects of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> are suspected to play a role in these mortalities, but the spatial variability of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production and its link to fish kills remains poorly understood. Using flow-through reactors containing intact littoral sediment slices, we measured potential sulfate reduction rates, kinetic parameters of microbial sulfate reduction (Rmax, the maximum sulfate reduction rate, and Km, the half-<span class="hlt">saturation</span> constant for sulfate), potential <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitation rates, and potential hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> export rates to water at four sites in the closed and open states. At all sites, the Michaelis-Menten kinetic rate equation adequately describes the utilization of sulfate by the complex resident microbial communities. We estimate that 94-96% of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> produced through sulfate reduction precipitates in the sediment and that only 4-6% is exported to water, suggesting that elevated <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentrations in water, which would affect fish through toxicity and oxygen consumption, cannot be responsible for fish deaths. However, the indirect effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitates, which chemically deplete, contaminate, and acidify the water column during sediment re-suspension and re-oxidation in the transition from closed to open state, can be implicated in fish mortalities at Pescadero Estuary. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAESc.153..379W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAESc.153..379W"><span>The Sanfengshan copper deposit and early Carboniferous volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization in the Beishan orogenic belt, Northwestern China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jialin; Gu, Xuexiang; Zhang, Yongmei; Zhou, Chao; He, Ge; Liu, Ruiping</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The Sanfengshan copper deposit, located in the Beishan orogenic belt, Northwestern China, is hosted in the lower member of the Hongliuyuan Formation, an early Carboniferous metavolcanic-sedimentary sequence. Mineralization occurs as stratiform, stratiform-like and lenticular orebodies, and comprises of laminated, brecciated, banded, massive, and disseminated ores. The mineralogy is dominated by pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Fe-Mn chert is widely distributed and generally occurs as massive, laminated, bands or lenses, which are consistent with the orebody. Alteration at Sanfengshan displays a clear concentric zoning pattern and the footwall alteration is more intense and somewhat thicker than the hanging-wall alteration. Systematic geochemical investigation on the volcanic rocks in this area shows that the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of the Hongliuyuan Formation (HLY) are predominantly tholeiites with nearly flat rare earth element (REE) pattern, insignificant negative anomalies of high field strength elements (HFSEs), and low Ti/V and Th/Nb ratios. They were most likely derived from partial melting of depleted asthenospheric mantle and formed in a fore-arc setting during initiation of the southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of the Maotoushan Formation (MTS) display a calc-alkaline nature and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in HFSEs, suggesting an active continental margin setting. Sulfur isotope (δ34S) values of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and sulfate minerals vary between 0‰ and 5.4‰, which are consistent with sulfur derivation from leaching of the host volcanic rocks, although a direct magmatic contribution cannot be ruled out. The Re-Os isotope data of pyrite yield an isochron age of 353 ± 35 Ma, consistent with the age of the host HLY <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Thus, a syngenetic (volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>) model is proposed and it is concluded that the Sanfengshan copper deposit is a typical Cyprus-type VMS deposit that formed in an early</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2827581','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2827581"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-dependent photosynthetic electron flow coupled to proton translocation in thylakoids of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shahak, Y; Arieli, B; Binder, B; Padan, E</p> <p>1987-12-01</p> <p>Light-induced proton translocation coupled to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dependent electron transport has been studied in isolated thylakoids of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica. The thylakoids are obtained by osmotic shock of washed spheroplasts, prepared with glycine-betaine as the osmotic stabilizer. 13C NMR studies suggests that betaine is the major osmoregulator in O. limnetica. Thylakoid preparations obtained from both <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-induced anoxygenic cells and noninduced oxygenic cells are capable of proton pumping coupled to phenazinemethosulfate-mediated cyclic electron flow. However, only in the induced thylakoids can <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dependent proton gradient (delta pH) formation be measured, using either NADP or methyl viologen as the terminal acceptor. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-dependent delta pH formation correlates with a high-affinity electron donation site (apparent Km 44 microM at pH 7.9). This site is not lost upon washing of the thylakoids. In addition, both <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dependent electron transport and delta pH formation are sensitive to inhibitors of the cytochrome b6f complex such as 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether of 2-iodo-4-nitrothymol, or stigmatellin. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-dependent NADP photoreduction of low affinity (which does not <span class="hlt">saturate</span> by as much as 7 mM <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>) is detected in both induced and noninduced thylakoids, but this activity is insensitive to the inhibitors and is not coupled to proton transport. It is suggested that the adaptation of O. limnetica to anoxygenic photosynthesis involves the induction of a thylakoid factor(s) which creates a high-affinity site for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and the transfer of its electrons via the cytochrome b6f complex, coupled to proton translocation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800039501&hterms=systematization&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dsystematization','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800039501&hterms=systematization&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dsystematization"><span><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> volcanism - The importance of planet size</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Walker, D.; Stolper, E. M.; Hays, J. F.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>The volumetrically abundant <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the earth, its moon, and the eucrite parent planet all have chemical compositions that are controlled to a large extent by dry, low-pressure, crystal-liquid equilibria. Since this generalization is valid for these three planetary bodies, we infer that it may also apply to the other unsampled terrestrial planets. Other characteristics of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanism show variations which appear to be related to planet size: the eruption temperatures, degrees of fractionation, and chemical variety of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the endurance of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanism all increase with planet size. Although the processes responsible for chemical differences between <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suites are known, no simple systematization of the chemical differences between <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from planet to planet has emerged.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009994','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009994"><span>Calcium Sulfate in Atacama Desert <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>: A Possible Analog for Bright Material in Adirondack <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, Gusev Crater</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sutter, B.; Golden, D. C.; Amundson, R.; Chong-Diaz, G.; Ming, D. W.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is one of the driest deserts on Earth (< 2mm/y). The hyper-arid conditions allow extraordinary accumulations of sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates in Atacama soils. Examining salt accumulations in the Atacama may assist understanding salt accumulations on Mars. Recent work examining sulfate soils on <span class="hlt">basalt</span> parent material observed white material in the interior vesicles of surface <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. This is strikingly similar to the bright-white material present in veins and vesicles of the Adirondack <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rocks at Gusev Crater which are presumed to consist of S, Cl, and/or Br. The abundance of soil gypsum/anhydrite in the area of the Atacama <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suggested that the white material consisted of calcium sulfate (Ca-SO4) which was later confirmed by SEM/EDS analysis. This work examines the Ca-SO4 of Atacama <span class="hlt">basalt</span> in an effort to provide insight into the possible nature of the bright material in the Adirondack <span class="hlt">basalt</span> of Gusev Crater. The objectives of this work are to (i) discuss variations in Ca-SO4 crystal morphology in the vesicles and (ii) examine the Ca-SO4 interaction(s) with the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> interior.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMDI14A..04L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMDI14A..04L"><span>Constraints on the origin of Os-isotope disequilibrium in included and interstitial <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in mantle peridotites: Implications for the interpretation of Os-isotope signatures in MORB and Abyssal Peridotites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lassiter, J. C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The use of isotope variations in <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to probe the composition and evolution of the mantle is predicated on the assumption of local (i.e., grain-scale) isotopic equilibrium during mantle melting (Hofmann & Hart, 1978). However, several studies report Os-isotope disequilibrium in distinct populations of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in some peridotites. In principle, grain-scale isotopic heterogeneity could reflect variable radiogenic ingrowth in ancient <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> with variable Re/Os, or partial re-equilibration of low-Re/Os <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> with high-Re/Os silicate phases along grain boundaries during mantle melting (e.g., Alard et al., 2005). Both cases require that <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> fail to maintain isotopic equilibrium with neighboring phases over geologically long ( Ga) time scales. The preservation of Os-isotope disequilibrium in peridotites has been ascribed to the armoring effect of low-[Os] silicates, which limit diffusive exchange between isolated Os-rich phases. This raises the prospect that peridotite-derived melts may not inherit the Os-isotope composition of their source. The timescale required for diffusive equilibration between separate <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> grains or between Os-rich <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and Os-poor silicates is a function of average <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> size and spacing, Os diffusivity in armoring silicate minerals, and Os partitioning between silicate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phases. For typical <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> abundances and sizes in mantle peridotites, neighboring <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are expected to re-equilibrate in less than a few 10s of m.y. at adiabatic mantle temperatures, even for very high (>106) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>/silicate KD values. Maintenance of disequilibrium requires very large <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (>100 um) separated by several mm and diffusion rates (D < 10-20 m2/s) slower than for most other elements in olivine. Equilibration timescales between <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and surrounding silicates are similar, so that large-scale isotopic disequilibrium between <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and silicates is also unlikely within the convecting mantle. Instead, observed grain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035149','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035149"><span>Molybdenite <span class="hlt">saturation</span> in silicic magmas: Occurrence and petrological implications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Audetat, A.; Dolejs, D.; Lowenstern, J. B.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>We identified molybdenite (MoS2) as an accessory magmatic phase in 13 out of 27 felsic magma systems examined worldwide. The molybdenite occurs as small (<20 ??m) triangular or hexagonal platelets included in quartz phenocrysts. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of melt inclusions in molybdenite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> samples reveal 1-13 ppm Mo in the melt and geochemical signatures that imply a strong link to continental rift <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-rhyolite associations. In contrast, arc-associated rhyolites are rarely molybdenite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span>, despite similar Mo concentrations. This systematic dependence on tectonic setting seems to reflect the higher oxidation state of arc magmas compared with within-plate magmas. A thermodynamic model devised to investigate the effects of T, f O2 and f S2 on molybdenite solubility reliably predicts measured Mo concentrations in molybdenite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> samples if the magmas are assumed to have been <span class="hlt">saturated</span> also in pyrrhotite. Whereas pyrrhotite microphenocrysts have been observed in some of these samples, they have not been observed from other molybdenite-bearing magmas. Based on the strong influence of f S2 on molybdenite solubility we calculate that also these latter magmas must have been at (or very close to) pyrrhotite <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. In this case the Mo concentration of molybdenite-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> melts can be used to constrain both magmatic f O2 and f S2 if temperature is known independently (e.g. by zircon <span class="hlt">saturation</span> thermometry). Our model thus permits evaluation of magmatic f S2, which is an important variable but is difficult to estimate otherwise, particularly in slowly cooled rocks. ?? The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4599011','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4599011"><span>Transient Kinetic Analysis of Hydrogen <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Oxidation Catalyzed by Human <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Quinone Oxidoreductase*</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mishanina, Tatiana V.; Yadav, Pramod K.; Ballou, David P.; Banerjee, Ruma</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The first step in the mitochondrial <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation pathway is catalyzed by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> quinone oxidoreductase (SQR), which belongs to the family of flavoprotein disulfide oxidoreductases. During the catalytic cycle, the flavin cofactor is intermittently reduced by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and oxidized by ubiquinone, linking H2S oxidation to the electron transfer chain and to energy metabolism. Human SQR can use multiple thiophilic acceptors, including <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, sulfite, and glutathione, to form as products, hydrodisulfide, thiosulfate, and glutathione persulfide, respectively. In this study, we have used transient kinetics to examine the mechanism of the flavin reductive half-reaction and have determined the redox potential of the bound flavin to be −123 ± 7 mV. We observe formation of an unusually intense charge-transfer (CT) complex when the enzyme is exposed to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and unexpectedly, when it is exposed to sulfite. In the canonical reaction, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> serves as the sulfur donor and sulfite serves as the acceptor, forming thiosulfate. We show that thiosulfate is also formed when <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is added to the sulfite-induced CT intermediate, representing a new mechanism for thiosulfate formation. The CT complex is formed at a kinetically competent rate by reaction with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> but not with sulfite. Our study indicates that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> addition to the active site disulfide is preferred under normal turnover conditions. However, under pathological conditions when sulfite concentrations are high, sulfite could compete with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> for addition to the active site disulfide, leading to attenuation of SQR activity and to an alternate route for thiosulfate formation. PMID:26318450</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318450','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318450"><span>Transient Kinetic Analysis of Hydrogen <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Oxidation Catalyzed by Human <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Quinone Oxidoreductase.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mishanina, Tatiana V; Yadav, Pramod K; Ballou, David P; Banerjee, Ruma</p> <p>2015-10-09</p> <p>The first step in the mitochondrial <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation pathway is catalyzed by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> quinone oxidoreductase (SQR), which belongs to the family of flavoprotein disulfide oxidoreductases. During the catalytic cycle, the flavin cofactor is intermittently reduced by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and oxidized by ubiquinone, linking H2S oxidation to the electron transfer chain and to energy metabolism. Human SQR can use multiple thiophilic acceptors, including <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, sulfite, and glutathione, to form as products, hydrodisulfide, thiosulfate, and glutathione persulfide, respectively. In this study, we have used transient kinetics to examine the mechanism of the flavin reductive half-reaction and have determined the redox potential of the bound flavin to be -123 ± 7 mV. We observe formation of an unusually intense charge-transfer (CT) complex when the enzyme is exposed to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and unexpectedly, when it is exposed to sulfite. In the canonical reaction, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> serves as the sulfur donor and sulfite serves as the acceptor, forming thiosulfate. We show that thiosulfate is also formed when <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is added to the sulfite-induced CT intermediate, representing a new mechanism for thiosulfate formation. The CT complex is formed at a kinetically competent rate by reaction with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> but not with sulfite. Our study indicates that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> addition to the active site disulfide is preferred under normal turnover conditions. However, under pathological conditions when sulfite concentrations are high, sulfite could compete with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> for addition to the active site disulfide, leading to attenuation of SQR activity and to an alternate route for thiosulfate formation. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856116','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856116"><span>Biogeochemical probing of microbial communities in a <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-hosted hot spring at Kverkfjöll volcano, Iceland.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cousins, Claire R; Fogel, Marilyn; Bowden, Roxane; Crawford, Ian; Boyce, Adrian; Cockell, Charles; Gunn, Matthew</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We investigated bacterial and archaeal communities along an ice-fed surficial hot spring at Kverkfjöll volcano-a partially ice-covered <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcano at Vatnajökull glacier, Iceland, using biomolecular (16S rRNA, apsA, mcrA, amoA, nifH genes) and stable isotope techniques. The hot spring environment is characterized by high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen concentrations at the source (68°C and <1 mg/L (±0.1%)) changing to lower temperatures and higher dissolved oxygen downstream (34.7°C and 5.9 mg/L), with sulfate the dominant anion (225 mg/L at the source). Sediments are comprised of detrital <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, low-temperature alteration phases and pyrite, with <0.4 wt. % total organic carbon (TOC). 16S rRNA gene profiles reveal that organisms affiliated with Hydrogenobaculum (54%-87% bacterial population) and Thermoproteales (35%-63% archaeal population) dominate the micro-oxic hot spring source, while sulfur-oxidizing archaea (Sulfolobales, 57%-82%), and putative sulfur-oxidizing and heterotrophic bacterial groups dominate oxic downstream environments. The δ 13 C org (‰ V-PDB) values for sediment TOC and microbial biomass range from -9.4‰ at the spring's source decreasing to -12.6‰ downstream. A reverse effect isotope fractionation of ~3‰ between sediment <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (δ 34 S ~0‰) and dissolved water sulfate (δ 34 S +3.2‰), and δ 18 O values of ~ -5.3‰ suggest pyrite forms abiogenically from volcanic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, followed by abiogenic and microbial oxidation. These environments represent an unexplored surficial geothermal environment analogous to transient volcanogenic habitats during putative "snowball Earth" scenarios and volcano-ice geothermal environments on Mars. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V23F..08E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V23F..08E"><span>Redox state of recycled crustal lithologies in the convective upper mantle constrained using oceanic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> CO2-trace element systematics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Eguchi, J.; Dasgupta, R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Investigating the redox state of the convective upper mantle remains challenging as there is no way of retrieving samples from this part of the planet. Current views of mantle redox are based on Fe3+/∑Fe of minerals in mantle xenoliths and thermodynamic calculations of fO2 [1]. However, deep xenoliths are only recoverable from continental lithospheric mantle, which may have different fO2s than the convective oceanic upper mantle [1]. To gain insight on the fO2 of the deep parts of the oceanic upper mantle, we probe CO2-trace element systematics of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> that have been argued to receive contributions from subducted crustal lithologies that typically melt deeper than peridotite. Because CO2 contents of silicate melts at graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span> vary with fO2 [2], we suggest CO2-trace element systematics of oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> which sample deep heterogeneities may provide clues about the fO2 of the convecting mantle containing embedded heterogeneities. We developed a new model to predict CO2 contents in nominally anhydrous silicate melts from graphite- to fluid-<span class="hlt">saturation</span> over a range of P (0.05- 5 GPa), T (950-1600 °C), and composition (foidite-rhyolite). We use the model to calculate CO2 content as a function of fO2 for partial melts of lithologies that vary in composition from rhyolitic sediment melt to silica-poor <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt of pyroxenites. We then use modeled CO2 contents in mixing calculations with partial melts of depleted mantle to constrain the fO2 required for partial melts of heterogeneities to deliver sufficient CO2 to explain CO2-trace element systematics of natural <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. As an example, Pitcairn <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, which show evidence of a subducted crustal component [3] require mixing of 40% of partial melts of a garnet pyroxenite at ΔFMQ -1.75 at 3 GPa. Mixing with a more silicic composition such as partial melts of a MORB-eclogite cannot deliver enough CO2 at graphite <span class="hlt">saturation</span>, so in this scenario fO2 must be above the EMOG/D buffer at 4 GPa. Results suggest</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2863450','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2863450"><span>Biogeography and Biodiversity in <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Structures of Active and Inactive Vents at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields of the Southern Mariana Trough▿ †</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kato, Shingo; Takano, Yoshinori; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Oba, Hironori; Inoue, Kazuhiko; Kobayashi, Chiyori; Utsumi, Motoo; Marumo, Katsumi; Kobayashi, Kensei; Ito, Yuki; Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro; Yamagishi, Akihiko</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The abundance, diversity, activity, and composition of microbial communities in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures both of active and inactive vents were investigated by culture-independent methods. These <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures were collected at four hydrothermal fields, both on- and off-axis of the back-arc spreading center of the Southern Mariana Trough. The microbial abundance and activity in the samples were determined by analyzing total organic content, enzymatic activity, and copy number of the 16S rRNA gene. To assess the diversity and composition of the microbial communities, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries including bacterial and archaeal phylotypes were constructed from the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures. Despite the differences in the geological settings among the sampling points, phylotypes related to the Epsilonproteobacteria and cultured hyperthermophilic archaea were abundant in the libraries from the samples of active vents. In contrast, the relative abundance of these phylotypes was extremely low in the libraries from the samples of inactive vents. These results suggest that the composition of microbial communities within <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures dramatically changes depending on the degree of hydrothermal activity, which was supported by statistical analyses. Comparative analyses suggest that the abundance, activity and diversity of microbial communities within <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures of inactive vents are likely to be comparable to or higher than those in active vent structures, even though the microbial community composition is different between these two types of vents. The microbial community compositions in the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures of inactive vents were similar to those in seafloor <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks rather than those in marine sediments or the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> structures of active vents, suggesting that the microbial community compositions on the seafloor may be constrained by the available energy sources. Our findings provide helpful information for understanding the biogeography, biodiversity and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.4420S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.4420S"><span>Does the presence of bacteria effect <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass dissolution rates? 1: Dead Pseudomonas reactants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stockmann, Gabrielle J.; Shirokova, Liudmila S.; Pokrovsky, Oleg S.; Oelkers, Eric H.; Benezeth, Pascale</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> glass and crystalline <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formations in Iceland have been suggested for industrial CO2 storage due to their porous and permeable properties and high reactivity. Acid CO2-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> waters in contact with <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass will lead to rapid dissolution of the glass and release of divalent cations, (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+) that can react to form stable carbonates and thereby trap the CO2. However, the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formations in Iceland not only contains glass and mineral assemblages, but also host microbiological communities that either by their presence or by active involvement in chemical reactions could affect the amount of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass being dissolved and CO2 being trapped. Samples of natural bacteria communities from the CO2 storage grounds in Iceland were collected, separated, and purified using agar plate technique and cultured under laboratory conditions in nutrient broth-rich media. Heterotrophic aerobic Gram-negative strain of Pseudomonas reactants was selected for a series of flow-through experiments aimed at evaluation of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass dissolution rate in the presense of increasing amounts of dead bacteria and their lysis products. The experiments were carried out using mixed-flow reactors at pH 4, 6, 8 and 10 at 25 °C. Each of the four reactors contained 1 gram of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass of the size fraction 45-125 μm. This glass was dissolved in ~ 0.01 M buffer solutions (acetate, MES, bicarbonate and carbonate+bicarbonate mixture) of the desired pH. All experiments ran 2 months, keeping the flowrate and temperature stable and only changing the concentration of dead bacteria in the inlet solutions (from 0 to 430 mg/L). Experiments were performed in sterile conditions, and bacterial growth was prevented by adding NaN3 to the inlet solutions. Routine culturing of bacteria on the agar plates confirmed the sterility of experiments. Samples of outlet solutions were analyzed for major cations and trace elements by ICP-MS. Results demonstrate a slight decrease in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930000944','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930000944"><span>Noril'sk/Siberian plateau <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and Bahama hot spot: Impact triggered?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Deitz, R. S.; Mchone, J. F.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Twenty-eight years after one of us argued that Sudbury was an astrobleme, this interpretation has only recently attained wide acceptance; not so for the view that the Sudbury Cu/Ni <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ores are cosmogenic. Other research has provided the triggering of plateau <span class="hlt">basalts</span> by super-large impacts a modicum of respectability. The recent apparent successful tying in of the K/T extinctions to the Chicxulub astrobleme in the Yucatan encourages the search for an impact event that may have caused the other two major post-Paleozoic extinctions (P/Tr, Tr/J). This gives us heart to offer two further outrageous hypotheses. The cosmogenic concept for the Sudbury ore deposite remains viable because it is giant, nonultramafic, and unique (except for Noril'sk). The Triassic/Jurassic boundary catastrophic extinctions have been attributed to the Manicouagan asteroidal impact, but recent radiometric dating indicates these events are diachronous (Manicouagan astrobleme 212 +/- 2 Ma and Tr/J boundary 200 Ma).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.9291K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.9291K"><span>Experimental investigations of influence of pressure on the solubility of sulfur in silicate melts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kostyuk, Anastasia; Gorbachev, Nikolay</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-silicate demixing of silicate melts on immiscible silicate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids occurs at magma sulfur <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. This type of liquation plays an important role in geochemistry of mantle magmas, in processes of magmatic differentiation, and in ore deposit formation. The major parameter defining <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-silicate stratification of silicate melts is solubility of sulfur in magmas. It is considered that «solubility of sulfur» is concentration of sulfur in silicate melts. The previous researches have established positive dependence of solubility of sulphur on temperature [1, 2], melt composition [3, 4], oxidation-reduction conditions [5, 6] and our experimental data confirm it. However, available data does not give a simple answer about dependence of solubility of sulfur from pressure in modelling and natural "dry" <span class="hlt">sulfide-saturated</span> silicate melts. The reason of difference in experiments remains not clear and further work is needed on this topic. In this paper, we report our findings on the influence of pressure on the solubility of sulfur in hydrous magnesian melts. This melts are represent by olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> - picrite, coexisting with Fe-Cu-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt and harzburgite (Ol+Opx) and it was investigated in a temperature range from 1200 to 1350°С and a pressure range from 0.2 to 2.5 GPa. Experiments were carried out on the piston-cylinder at Р=1-2.5GPa and in an internal-heated pressure vessels at P=0.2-0.6 GPa by a quenching technique. Our findings disagree with all previous studies demonstrating the positive [7] or negative [8, 9] influence of pressure on the solubility of sulfur in silicate melts. Our researches have shown complicated influence of pressure. Concentration of sulfur in glasses increases with increase in pressure from 0.2 to 0.6 GPa in experiments where andesite was used as a starting material. The sulfur concentration increases from 0.09 wt.% at 0.2 GPa to 0.4 wt.% at 0.6 GPa and Т=1200°С. In hydrous magnesian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (12-18 % MgO), we</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040087409&hterms=bacterial+photosynthesis&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dbacterial%2Bphotosynthesis','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040087409&hterms=bacterial+photosynthesis&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dbacterial%2Bphotosynthesis"><span>Variation in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance of photosystem II in phylogenetically diverse cyanobacteria from <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> habitats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Miller, Scott R.; Bebout, Brad M.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Physiological and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used to investigate variation among 12 cyanobacterial strains in their tolerance of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, an inhibitor of oxygenic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria from <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> habitats were found to be phylogenetically diverse and exhibited an approximately 50-fold variation in photosystem II performance in the presence of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Whereas the degree of tolerance was positively correlated with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> levels in the environment, a strain's phenotype could not be predicted from the tolerance of its closest relatives. These observations suggest that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance is a dynamic trait primarily shaped by environmental variation. Despite differences in absolute tolerance, similarities among strains in the effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on chlorophyll fluorescence induction indicated a common mode of toxicity. Based on similarities with treatments known to disrupt the oxygen-evolving complex, it was concluded that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> toxicity resulted from inhibition of the donor side of photosystem II.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=75417&keyword=rocks+AND+minerals&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=75417&keyword=rocks+AND+minerals&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">SULFIDE</span> MINERALS IN SEDIMENTS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The formation processes of metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in sediments, especially iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, have been the subjects of intense scientific research because of linkages to the global biogeochemical cycles of iron, sulfur, carbon, and oxygen. Transition metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (e.g., NiS, CuS, ZnS, Cd...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034439','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034439"><span>Microbial sulfate reduction and the sulfur budget for a complete section of altered oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, IODP Hole 1256D (eastern Pacific)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Alt, Jeffrey C.; Shanks, Wayne C.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> mineralogy and the contents and isotope compositions of sulfur were analyzed in a complete oceanic volcanic section from IODP Hole 1256D in the eastern Pacific, in order to investigate the role of microbes and their effect on the sulfur budget in altered upper oceanic crust. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> in the 800m thick volcanic section are affected by a pervasive low-temperature background alteration and have mean sulfur contents of 530ppm, reflecting loss of sulfur relative to fresh glass through degassing during eruption and alteration by seawater. Alteration halos along fractures average 155ppm sulfur and are more oxidized, have high SO4/ΣS ratios (0.43), and lost sulfur through oxidation by seawater compared to host rocks. Although sulfur was lost locally, sulfur was subsequently gained through fixation of seawater-derived sulfur in secondary pyrite and marcasite in veins and in concentrations at the boundary between alteration halos and host rocks. Negative δ34Ssulfide-S values (down to -30 °) and low temperatures of alteration (down to ~40 °C) point to microbial reduction of seawater sulfate as the process resulting in local additions of <span class="hlt">sulfide-S</span>. Mass balance calculations indicate that 15-20% of the sulfur in the volcanic section is microbially derived, with the bulk altered volcanic section containing 940ppm S, and with δ34S shifted to -6.0‰) from the mantle value (0 ‰). The bulk volcanic section may have gained or lost sulfur overall. The annual flux of microbial sulfur into oceanic basement based on Hole 1256D is 3-4 X1010molSyr-1, within an order of magnitude of the riverine sulfate source and the sedimentary pyrite sink. Results indicate a flux of bacterially derived sulfur that is fixed in upper ocean basement of 7-8 X 10-8molcm-2yr-1 over 15m.y. This is comparable to that in open ocean sediment sites, but is one to two orders of magnitude less than for ocean margin sediments. The global annual subduction of sulfur in altered oceanic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> lavas based</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970025445','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970025445"><span>Studies of Magmatic Inclusions in the <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Martian Meteorites Shergotty, Zagami, EETA 79001 and QUE 94201</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Harvey, Ralph P.; McKay, Gordon A.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p> inclusions; those found within early-forming pigeonite, intermediate and late-forming Ti, Fe-oxides and <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, and intermediate to late-forming phosphates. In this summer' s study we have made a detailed study of all of the various forms of inclusions found within the 4 <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> martian meteorites listed above. Glasses and minerals within the inclusions were analyzed using the Camera SX-100 Electron Microprobe in Building 31. The mineralogy and textural context of the inclusions will then be used to explore the crystallization history of these specimens, and to investigate any differences in crystallization history or parental magma compositions between these rocks. In this manner, the magmatic inclusions provide a road map backwards toward the 'parental' compositions for the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> martian meteorites and provide significant insight into the igneous processes found within the crust of Mars.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V23C2995C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V23C2995C"><span>Miocene <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Lava Flows and Dikes of the Intervening Area Between Picture Gorge and Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> of the CRBG, Eastern Oregon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cahoon, E. B.; Streck, M. J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Mid-Miocene <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lavas and dikes are exposed in the area between the southern extent of the Picture Gorge <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (PGB) and the northern extent of Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> in a wide corridor of the Malheur National Forest, eastern Oregon. An approximate mid-Miocene age of sampled <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> units is indicated by stratigraphic relationships to the 16 Ma Dinner Creek Tuff. Lavas provide an opportunity to extend and/or revise distribution areas of either CRBG unit and explore the petrologic transition between them. The PGB and the Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> largely represent geochemically distinct tholeiitic units of the CRBG; although each unit displays internal complexity. Lavas of PGB are relatively primitive (MgO 5-9 wt.%) while Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> ranges in MgO from >9 to 3 wt.% but both units are commonly coarsely porphyritic. Conversely, Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> compositions are on average more enriched in highly incompatible elements (e.g. Rb, Th) and relatively enriched in the lesser incompatible elements (e.g. Y, Yb) compared to the Picture Gorge <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. These compositional signatures produce inclined and flat patterns on mantle-normalized incompatible trace element plots but with similar troughs and spikes, respectively. New compositional data from our study area indicate <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lavas can be assigned as PGB lava flows and dikes, and also to a compositional group chemically distinct between Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> and PGB. Distribution of lava flows with PGB composition extend this CRBG unit significantly south/southeast closing the exposure gap between PGB and Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>. We await data that match Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> compositions but <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lavas with petrographic features akin to Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> have been identified in the study area. Lavas of the transitional unit share characteristics with Upper Steens and Picture Gorge <span class="hlt">basalt</span> types, but identify a new seemingly unique composition. This composition is slightly more depleted in the lesser incompatible elements (i.e. steeper pattern) on mantle normalized</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7009838-lu-hf-constraints-evolution-lunar-basalts','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7009838-lu-hf-constraints-evolution-lunar-basalts"><span>Lu-Hf constraints on the evolution of lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Fujimaki, H.; Tatsumoto, M.</p> <p>1984-02-15</p> <p>Very low Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> andd green glass samples from the moon show high Lu/Hf ratios and low Hf concentrations. Low-Ti lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span> show high and variable Lu/Hf ratios and higher Hf concentrations, whereas high-Ti lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span> show low Lu/Hf ratios and high Hf concentrations. KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have constant Lu/Hf ratios and high but variable Hf concentrations. Using the Lu-Hf behavior as a constraint, we propose a model for the mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> evolution. This constraint requires extensive crystallization of the primary lunar magma ocean prior to formation of the lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sources and the KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are producedmore » by the melting of the cumulate rocks, and KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> represent the residual liquid of the magma ocean.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870046781&hterms=Nonuniformity&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DNonuniformity','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870046781&hterms=Nonuniformity&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DNonuniformity"><span>Apollo 17 KREEPy <span class="hlt">basalts</span> - Evidence for nonuniformity of KREEP</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Salpas, Peter A.; Taylor, Lawrence A.; Lindstrom, Marilyn M.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Breccia 72275 contains pristine KREEPy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts that are not found among other samples collected at Apollo 17. These <span class="hlt">basalts</span> occur as discrete clasts and as clasts enclosed within <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> microbreccias. Mineral and whole-rock chemical analyses reveal that the microbreccias are compositionally indistinguishable from the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts. Samples of the 72275 matrix also have the same compositions as the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> microbreccias. 72275 was assembled in situ from a single flow or series of closely related flows of Apollo 17 KREEPy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> before it was transported to the Apollo 17 site. As a rock type, Apollo 17 KREEPy <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are distinct from Apollo 15 KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The Apollo 17 samples have lower REE concentrations, steeper negative slopes of the HREE, and are less magnesian than the Apollo 15 samples. The two <span class="hlt">basalt</span> types cannot be related by fractional crystallization, partial melting, or assimilation. This is evidence for the compositional nonuniformity of KREEP as a function of geography.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012224','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012224"><span>Low-velocity impact craters in ice and ice-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> sand with implications for Martian crater count ages.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Croft, S.K.; Kieffer, S.W.; Ahrens, T.J.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>We produced a series of decimeter-sized impact craters in blocks of ice near 0oC and -70oC and in ice-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> sand near -70oC as a preliminary investigation of cratering in materials analogous to those found on Mars and the outer solar satellites. Crater diameters in the ice-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> sand were 2 times larger than craters in the same energy and velocity range in competent blocks of granite, <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and cement. Craters in ice were c.3 times larger. Martian impact crater energy versus diameter scaling may thus be a function of latitude. -from Authors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.460..201P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.460..201P"><span>Atmospheric outgassing and native-iron formation during carbonaceous sediment-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> melt interactions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pernet-Fisher, John F.; Day, James M. D.; Howarth, Geoffrey H.; Ryabov, Victor V.; Taylor, Lawrence A.</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Organic carbon-rich sediment assimilation by <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas leads to enhanced emission of greenhouse gases during continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions. A collateral effect of these interactions is the generation of low oxygen fugacities (fO2) (below the iron-wüstite [IW] buffer curve) during magmatic crystallization, resulting in the precipitation of native-iron. The occurrence of native-iron bearing terrestrial <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks are rare, having been identified at three locations: Siberia, West Greenland, and Central Germany. We report the first combined study of Re-Os isotopes, highly siderophile element (HSE: Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, Re), and trace-element abundances for these three occurrences, in addition to host sediments at West Greenland. To quantify the amount of crustal assimilation experienced by the magmas, we present combined crystallization and assimilation models, together with fractional crystallization models, to assess how relative abundances of the HSE have been modified during crystallization. The radiogenic osmium isotopic compositions (γOsinitial +15 to +193) of mafic igneous samples are consistent with assimilation of old high Re/Os crustal contaminants with radiogenic 187Os/188Os, whereas the HSE inter-element fractionations (Pd/Os 2 to >10,000) suggest that some Siberian samples underwent an early stage of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> removal. Metalliferous samples from the Siberian intrusions of Khungtukun and Dzhaltul (associated with the Siberian flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>) yield internal 187Re-187Os ages of 266 ± 83Ma and 249 ± 50Ma, respectively, reflecting late-Permian emplacement ages. These results imply that crustal assimilation took place prior to crystallization of native-Fe. In contrast, metalliferous samples from Disko Island and Bühl (associated with the West Greenland flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and the Central European Volcanic Province, respectively) have trends in 187Re/188Os-187Os/188Os space corresponding to apparent ages older than their reported crystallization ages</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA348333','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA348333"><span>Geophysical Measurements of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Intraflow Structures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1997-12-01</p> <p>COVERED Final 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Geophysical Measurements of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Intraflow Structures 6. AUTHOR(S) William K. Hudson 7. PERFORMING...horm 29B (Hi ^ 29 ev. 5-88) by ANISE Sad Z39-18 Prescribed 298-102 GEOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS OF <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> INTRAFLOW STRUCTURES by William K. Hudson A...region. The physical properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> can change dramatically within a single flow and may be associated with changes in intraflow structure. The</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRE..120.1646K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRE..120.1646K"><span>The <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of Mare Frigoris</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kramer, G. Y.; Jaiswal, B.; Hawke, B. R.; Öhman, T.; Giguere, T. A.; Johnson, K.</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>This paper discusses the methodology and results of a detailed investigation of Mare Frigoris using remote sensing data from Clementine, Lunar Prospector, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, with the objective of mapping and characterizing the compositions and eruptive history of its volcanic units. With the exception of two units in the west, Mare Frigoris and Lacus Mortis are filled with <span class="hlt">basalts</span> having low-TiO2 to very low TiO2, low-FeO, and high-Al2O3 abundances. These compositions indicate that most of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Frigoris are high-Al basalts—a potentially undersampled, yet important group in the lunar sample collection for its clues about the heterogeneity of the lunar mantle. Thorium abundances of most of the mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Frigoris are also low, although much of the mare surface appears elevated due to contamination from impact gardening with the surrounding high-Th Imbrium ejecta. There are, however, a few regional thorium anomalies that are coincident with cryptomare units in the east, the two youngest mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> units, and some of the scattered pyroclastic deposits and volcanic constructs. In addition, Mare Frigoris lies directly over the northern extent of the major conduit for a magma plumbing system that fed many of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> that filled Oceanus Procellarum, as interpreted by Andrews-Hanna et al. (2014) using data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory mission. The relationship between this deep-reaching magma conduit and the largest extent of high-Al <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the Moon makes Mare Frigoris an intriguing location for further investigation of the lunar mantle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Litho.292...49T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Litho.292...49T"><span>Genesis of the Permian Kemozibayi <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusion in Altay, NW China: Evidence from zircon geochronology, Hf and O isotopes and mineral chemistry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tang, Dongmei; Qin, Kezhang; Xue, Shengchao; Mao, Yajing; Evans, Noreen J.; Niu, Yanjie; Chen, Junlu</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The recently discovered Kemozibayi mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its associated magmatic Cu-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits are located at the southern margin of the Chinese Altai Mountain, Central Asian Orogenic Belt in north Xinjiang, NW China. The intrusion is composed of olivine websterite, norite, gabbro and diorite. Disseminated and net-textured Ni-Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ores are hosted in the center of the gabbro. In this work, new zircon U-Pb ages, Hf-O isotopic and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> S isotopic data, and whole rock and mineral chemical analyses are combined in order to elucidate the characteristics of the mantle source, nature of subduction processes, degree of crustal contamination, geodynamic setting of bimodal magmatism in the region, and the metallogenic potential of economic Cu-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit at depth. SIMS zircon U-Pb dating of the gabbro yields Permian ages (278.3 ± 1.9 Ma), coeval with the Kalatongke Cu-Ni deposit and with Cu-Ni deposits in the Eastern Tianshan and Beishan areas. Several lines of evidence (positive εHf(t) from + 7.1 to + 13.3, Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 contents in clinopyroxene from olivine websterite, high whole rock TiO2 contents) suggest that the primary magma of the Kemozibayi intrusion was a calc-alkaline <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma derived from depleted mantle, and that the degree of partial melting in the magma source was high. The evolution of the Kemozibayi mafic-ultramafic complex was strongly controlled by fractional crystallization and the crystallization sequence was olivine websterite, norite, and then gabbro. This is evidenced by whole rock Fe2O3 contents that are positively correlated with MgO and negatively correlated with Al2O3, CaO and Na2O, similar LREE enrichment and negative Nb, Ta, Hf anomalies in chondrite and primitive mantle-normalized patterns, and a decrease in total REE and trace elements contents and magnetite content from gabbro through to norite and olivine websterite. Varied and low εHf(t) (+ 7.1 to + 13.3) and high δ18O values (+ 6.4‰ to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28196888','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28196888"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-responsive transcriptional repressor SqrR functions as a master regulator of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dependent photosynthesis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shimizu, Takayuki; Shen, Jiangchuan; Fang, Mingxu; Zhang, Yixiang; Hori, Koichi; Trinidad, Jonathan C; Bauer, Carl E; Giedroc, David P; Masuda, Shinji</p> <p>2017-02-28</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> was used as an electron donor early in the evolution of photosynthesis, with many extant photosynthetic bacteria still capable of using sulfur compounds such as hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H 2 S) as a photosynthetic electron donor. Although enzymes involved in H 2 S oxidation have been characterized, mechanisms of regulation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dependent photosynthesis have not been elucidated. In this study, we have identified a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-responsive transcriptional repressor, SqrR, that functions as a master regulator of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dependent gene expression in the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus SqrR has three cysteine residues, two of which, C41 and C107, are conserved in SqrR homologs from other bacteria. Analysis with liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray-interface tandem-mass spectrometer reveals that SqrR forms an intramolecular tetrasulfide bond between C41 and C107 when incubated with the sulfur donor glutathione persulfide. SqrR is oxidized in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-stressed cells, and tetrasulfide-cross-linked SqrR binds more weakly to a target promoter relative to unmodified SqrR. C41S and C107S R. capsulatus SqrRs lack the ability to respond to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and constitutively repress target gene expression in cells. These results establish that SqrR is a sensor of H 2 S-derived reactive sulfur species that maintain <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> homeostasis in this photosynthetic bacterium and reveal the mechanism of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dependent transcriptional derepression of genes involved in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> metabolism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999nvm..conf...62S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999nvm..conf...62S"><span>The Mineralogy of the Youngest Lunar <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Staid, M. I.; Pieters, C. M.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>The last stage of lunar volcanism produced spectrally distinct <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the western nearside of the Moon, which remain unsampled by landing missions. The spectral properties of these late-stage <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are examined using high-spatial-resolution Clementine images to constrain their mineralogic composition. The young high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the western Procellarum and Imbrium Basins display a significantly stronger ferrous absorption than earlier mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, suggesting that they may be the most Fe-rich deposits on the Moon. The distinct long-wavelength shape of this ferrous absorption is found to be similar for surface soils and materials excavated from depth. The pervasive character of this absorption feature supports the interpretation of abundant olivine within these late-stage lunar deposits. Important distinctions exist between the early-stage eastern maria and the late-stage western <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, even though both appear to be Ti-rich. For example, the western maria are more radiogenic than eastern deposits. Telescopic spectra of the high-Ti western maria also exhibit a unique combination of a strong 1 micron feature and a relatively weak or attenuated 2-micron absorption. Pieters et al. concluded that the unusual strength and shape of the 1-micron absorption in western <span class="hlt">basalts</span> results from an additional absorption from abundant olivine and/or Fe-bearing glass. Either mineralogy could produce the strong long wavelength 1-micron band, but a glassy Fe-rich surface could only form by rapid cooling along the exterior surfaces of flows. Clementine UV-VIS data of late-stage <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are examined for regions in Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Imbrium. The spectral properties of western regions are compared to the sampled Apollo 11 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Mare Tranquillitatis, which contain similar albedos and UV-VIS spectral properties. For reference, the western <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are also compared to the low-Ti and Fe-rich <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Mare Serenitatis (mISP). Serenitatis <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have the strongest</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999nvm..conf...55R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999nvm..conf...55R"><span>Naming Lunar Mare <span class="hlt">Basalts</span>: Quo Vadimus Redux</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ryder, G.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Nearly a decade ago, I noted that the nomenclature of lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> was inconsistent, complicated, and arcane. I suggested that this reflected both the limitations of our understanding of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and the piecemeal progression made in lunar science by the nature of the Apollo missions. Although the word "classification" is commonly attached to various schemes of mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> nomenclature, there is still no classification of mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> that has any fundamental grounding. We remain basically at a classification of the first kind in the terms of Shand; that is, things have names. Quoting John Stuart Mill, Shand discussed classification of the second kind: "The ends of scientific classification are best answered when the objects are formed into groups respecting which a greater number of propositions can be made, and those propositions more important than could be made respecting any other groups into which the same things could be distributed." Here I repeat some of the main contents of my discussion from a decade ago, and add a further discussion based on events of the last decade. A necessary first step of sample studies that aims to understand lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> processes is to associate samples with one another as members of the same igneous event, such as a single eruption lava flow, or differentiation event. This has been fairly successful, and discrete suites have been identified at all mare sites, members that are eruptively related to each other but not to members of other suites. These eruptive members have been given site-specific labels, e.g., Luna24 VLT, Apollo 11 hi-K, A12 olivine <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and Apollo 15 Green Glass C. This is classification of the first kind, but is not a useful classification of any other kind. At a minimum, a classification is inclusive (all objects have a place) and exclusive (all objects have only one place). The answer to "How should rocks be classified?" is far from trivial, for it demands a fundamental choice about nature</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012GeoRL..3919304L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012GeoRL..3919304L"><span>Mechanical behavior and localized failure modes in a porous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> from the Azores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Loaiza, S.; Fortin, J.; Schubnel, A.; Gueguen, Y.; Vinciguerra, S.; Moreira, M.</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> rocks are the main component of the oceanic upper crust, thus of potential interest for water and geothermal resources, storage of CO2 and volcanic edifice stability. In this work, we investigated experimentally the mechanical behavior and the failure modes of a porous <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, with an initial connected porosity of 18%. Results were acquired under triaxial compression experiments at confining pressure in the range of 25-200 MPa on water <span class="hlt">saturated</span> samples. In addition, a purely hydrostatic test was also performed to reach the pore collapse critical pressure P*. During hydrostatic loading, our results show that the permeability is highly pressure dependent, which suggests that the permeability is mainly controlled by pre-existing cracks. When the sample is deformed at pressure higher than the pore collapse pressure P*, some very small dilatancy develops due to microcracking, and an increase in permeability is observed. Under triaxial loading, two modes of deformation can be highlighted. At low confining pressure (Pc < 50 MPa), the samples are brittle and shear localization occurs. For confining pressure > 50 MPa, the stress-strain curves are characterized by strain hardening and volumetric compaction. Stress drops are also observed, suggesting that compaction may be localized. The presence of compaction bands is confirmed by our microstructure analysis. In addition, the mechanical data allows us to plot the full yield surface for this porous <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, which follows an elliptic cap as previously observed in high porosity sandstones and limestones.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018M%26PS...53..131B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018M%26PS...53..131B"><span>Experimental shock metamorphism of terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span>: Agglutinate-like particle formation, petrology, and magnetism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Badyukov, Dmitrii D.; Bezaeva, Natalia S.; Rochette, Pierre; Gattacceca, Jérôme; Feinberg, Joshua M.; Kars, Myriam; Egli, Ramon; Raitala, Jouko; Kuzina, Dilyara M.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Hypervelocity impacts occur on bodies throughout our solar system, and play an important role in altering the mineralogy, texture, and magnetic properties in target rocks at nanometer to planetary scales. Here we present the results of hypervelocity impact experiments conducted using a two-stage light-gas gun with 5 mm spherical copper projectiles accelerated toward <span class="hlt">basalt</span> targets with 6 km s-1 impact velocities. Four different types of magnetite- and titanomagnetite-bearing <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were used as targets for seven independent experiments. These laboratory impacts resulted in the formation of agglutinate-like particles similar in texture to lunar agglutinates, which are an important fraction of lunar soil. Materials recovered from the impacts were examined using a suite of complementary techniques, including optical and scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high- and low-temperature magnetometry, to investigate the texture, chemistry, and magnetic properties of newly formed agglutinate-like particles and were compared to unshocked <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> parent materials. The use of Cu-projectiles, rather than Fe- and Ni-projectiles, avoids magnetic contamination in the final shock products and enables a clearer view of the magnetic properties of impact-generated agglutinates. Agglutinate-like particles show shock features, such as melting and planar deformation features, and demonstrate shock-induced magnetic hardening (two- to seven-fold increases in the coercivity of remanence Bcr compared to the initial target materials) and decreases in low-field magnetic susceptibility and <span class="hlt">saturation</span> magnetization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.9889R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.9889R"><span>Nanostructured metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> for energy storage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rui, Xianhong; Tan, Huiteng; Yan, Qingyu</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>Advanced electrodes with a high energy density at high power are urgently needed for high-performance energy storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs), to fulfil the requirements of future electrochemical power sources for applications such as in hybrid electric/plug-in-hybrid (HEV/PHEV) vehicles. Metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> with unique physical and chemical properties, as well as high specific capacity/capacitance, which are typically multiple times higher than that of the carbon/graphite-based materials, are currently studied as promising electrode materials. However, the implementation of these <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> electrodes in practical applications is hindered by their inferior rate performance and cycling stability. Nanostructures offering the advantages of high surface-to-volume ratios, favourable transport properties, and high freedom for the volume change upon ion insertion/extraction and other reactions, present an opportunity to build next-generation LIBs and SCs. Thus, the development of novel concepts in material research to achieve new nanostructures paves the way for improved electrochemical performance. Herein, we summarize recent advances in nanostructured metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, such as iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, copper <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, cobalt <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, nickel <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, manganese <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, molybdenum <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, tin <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, with zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional morphologies for LIB and SC applications. In addition, the recently emerged concept of incorporating conductive matrices, especially graphene, with metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> nanomaterials will also be highlighted. Finally, some remarks are made on the challenges and perspectives for the future development of metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-based LIB and SC devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V11D2794H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V11D2794H"><span>The geochemical characteristics of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and acidic volcanics around the Myojin depression in the Izu arc, Japan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haraguchi, S.; Tamaki, K.; Kato, Y.; Machida, S.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Around the Myojin Depression, westside of the Myojin-sho caldera in the Izu arc, seamounts are circular distributed and hydrothermal activity with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposition are found from the Baiyonneise Caldera, one of seamounts at the northern side. Some knoll chains distribute in the eastside of the Myojin Depression, and connect between these knolls. This circulator distribution of seamounts and connected knoll chains considered to the dykes are similar to the geographical features of the Kuroko Depositions in the Hokuroku Region, Northwest Japan (Tanahashi et al., 2008). Hydrothermal activities are also found from the other rifts (Urabe and Kusakabe 1990). Based on these observations, the cruise KT09-12 by R/V Tansei-Maru, Ocean Research Institute (ORI), University of Tokyo, investigated in the Myojin Rift. During the cruise, <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> to dacitic volcanic rocks and some acidic plutonic rocks were recovered by dredge system. Herein, we present petrographical and chemical analyses of these rock samples with sample dredged by the cruise MW9507 by R/V MOANA WAVE, and consider the association with hydrothermal activities and depositions. Dredges during the cruise KT09-12 were obtained at the Daini-Beiyonneise Knoll at the northern side, Daisan-Beiyonneise Knoll at the southern side, and the Dragonborn Hill, small knoll chains, at the southeastern side of the depression. Many volcanic rocks are <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and recovered mainly from the Dragonborn Hill. Andesite and dacite was recovered from the Daini- and the Daini-Bayonneise Knoll. Tonalites were recovered from the Daisan-Bayonneise Knoll. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> from the Dragonborn Hill show less than 50% of SiO2 and more than 6 wt% and 0.88 wt% of MgO and TiO2 content. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> from the rift zone show depleted in the volcanic front (VF) side and enriched in the reararc (RA) side. The Dragonborn Hill is distributed near the VF, and <span class="hlt">basalts</span> show depleted geochemical characteristics. However, these characteristics are different from the <span class="hlt">basalts</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1095/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1095/report.pdf"><span>Thermoluminescence dating of Hawaiian <span class="hlt">basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>May, Rodd James</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of plagioclase separates from 11 independently dated alkalic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> 4,500 years to 3.3 million years old and 17 tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> 16 years to 450,000 years old from the Hawaiian Islands were investigated for the purpose of developing a TL dating method for young volcanic rocks. Ratios of natural to artificial TL intensity, when normalized for natural radiation dose rates, were used to quantify the thermoluminescence response of individual samples for age-determination purposes. The TL ratios for the alkalic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> plagioclase were found to increase with age at a predictable exponential rate that permits the use of the equation for the best-fit line through a plot of the TL ratios relative to known age as a TL age equation. The equation is applicable to rocks ranging in composition from <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> andesite to trachyte over the age range from about 2,000 to at least 250,000 years before present (B.P.). The TL ages for samples older than 50,000 years have a calculated precision of less than :t 10 percent and a potential estimated accuracy relative to potassium-argon ages of approximately :t 10 percent. An attempt to develop a similar dating curve for the tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> was not as successful, primarily because the dose rates are on the average lower than those for the alkalic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> by a factor of 6, resulting in lower TL intensities in the tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> for samples of equivalent age, and also because the age distribution of dated material is inadequate. The basic TL properties of the plagioclase from the two rock types are similar, however, and TL dating of tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> should eventually be feasible over the age range 10,000 to at least 200,000 years B.P. The average composition of the plagioclase separates from the alkalic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> ranges from oligoclase to andesine; compositional variations within this range have no apparent effect on the TL ratios. The average composition of the plagioclase from the tholeiitic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993bvapcreptW....S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993bvapcreptW....S"><span>Melt rock components in KREEPy breccia 15205: Petrography and mineral chemistry of KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and quartz-normative mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shervais, John W.; Vetter, Scott K.</p> <p>1993-05-01</p> <p>Many current models for the origin of lunar highland rocks feature as an essential component the assimilation of KREEPy material by primitive magmas parental to the Mg-rich suite and alkali suite plutonic rocks. Similar models have also been proposed for the origin of various mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suites. However, any model which considers assimilation of KREEP an important petrologic process must sooner-or-later deal with the question: what is KREEP? Because pristine KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are rare, and most known samples are small (e.g., 15382/15386), the geochemical variability of KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is poorly known. Other KREEP compositions which are commonly used in these models include the hypothetical 'high-K KREEP' component of Warren and Wasson, which is derived from Apollo 14 soil data, and the 'superKREEP' quartz-monzodiorite 15405. Lunar breccia 15205 is a polymict regolith breccia that consists of approximately 20% KREEP <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts and 20% quartz-normative <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts in a KREEP-rich matrix. Bulk rock mixing calculations show that this sample comprises about 84% KREEP. The clasts range up to 1 cm in size, but most are considerably smaller. The primary aim is to characterize pristine KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> petrographically, to establish the range in chemical compositions of KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and to test models that were proposed for their origin. In addition, we may be able to extend the compositional range recognized in the quartz-normative <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suite and cast some light on its origin as well. Preliminary whole rock geochemical data on the KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are presented in a companion paper by M.M. Lindstrom and co-workers. Concentration is on petrography and mineral chemistry of these clasts, and the implications these data have for the origin of the different melt rock suites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019899','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019899"><span>Melt rock components in KREEPy breccia 15205: Petrography and mineral chemistry of KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and quartz-normative mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shervais, John W.; Vetter, Scott K.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Many current models for the origin of lunar highland rocks feature as an essential component the assimilation of KREEPy material by primitive magmas parental to the Mg-rich suite and alkali suite plutonic rocks. Similar models have also been proposed for the origin of various mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suites. However, any model which considers assimilation of KREEP an important petrologic process must sooner-or-later deal with the question: what is KREEP? Because pristine KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are rare, and most known samples are small (e.g., 15382/15386), the geochemical variability of KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is poorly known. Other KREEP compositions which are commonly used in these models include the hypothetical 'high-K KREEP' component of Warren and Wasson, which is derived from Apollo 14 soil data, and the 'superKREEP' quartz-monzodiorite 15405. Lunar breccia 15205 is a polymict regolith breccia that consists of approximately 20% KREEP <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts and 20% quartz-normative <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts in a KREEP-rich matrix. Bulk rock mixing calculations show that this sample comprises about 84% KREEP. The clasts range up to 1 cm in size, but most are considerably smaller. The primary aim is to characterize pristine KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> petrographically, to establish the range in chemical compositions of KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and to test models that were proposed for their origin. In addition, we may be able to extend the compositional range recognized in the quartz-normative <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suite and cast some light on its origin as well. Preliminary whole rock geochemical data on the KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are presented in a companion paper by M.M. Lindstrom and co-workers. Concentration is on petrography and mineral chemistry of these clasts, and the implications these data have for the origin of the different melt rock suites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA552757','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA552757"><span>Investigation of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Woven Fabrics for Military Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-11-01</p> <p>investigates the use of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers in a composite along with SC-15 epoxy resin for ballistic protection. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> fibers are not known as a ballistic...material but rather as a structural one. Even though <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers are not expected to outperform some of the higher ballistic performing materials...such as the aramid and polyethylene fibers ; however, due to the lower manufacturing costs, <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers are an interesting alternative. The objective</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5853678','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5853678"><span>Toxicity of <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> and Ammonium to Aedes triseriatus Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Water-Filled Tree Holes and Tires</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Walker, Edward D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Ammonium and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in water of tree hole and tire habitats of Aedes triseriatus Say larvae could accumulate to toxic levels, limiting growth and production of larvae and adults. Both ions were detected in water samples taken in longitudinal series over 11 dates from 10 habitats of each type during the larval growth season, at concentrations suggestive of reducing conditions in these habitats. Ammonium was more concentrated overall in water of both habitat types, while <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was more concentrated in tires than in tree holes. Water of tree holes was more acidic, whereas water in tires tended to be more basic, an important difference relative to the tendency of ammonium to form the more toxic ammonia moiety under basic conditions. Oxygen <span class="hlt">saturation</span> was low in both habitat types, indicative of hypoxic conditions such that aerobic respiration would be limited. First-and fourth-instar larvae were sensitive to ammonium and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in acute dose-response assays, but LC50 values were above maximum concentrations observed under field conditions, suggesting that toxic effects of ammonium and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on larvae are not acute, but could be chronic. PMID:27049027</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770051953&hterms=geologic+structure&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dgeologic%2Bstructure','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770051953&hterms=geologic+structure&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dgeologic%2Bstructure"><span>Geologic structure of the eastern mare basins. [lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dehon, R. A.; Waskom, J. D.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>The thickness of mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the eastern maria are estimated and isopachs of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are constructed. Sub-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> basin floor topography is determined, and correlations of topographic variations of the surface with variations in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> thickness or basin floor topography are investigated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=310240','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=310240"><span>Laboratory studies of Aedes aegypti (L.) attraction to ketones, <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and primary chloroalkanes tested alone and in combination with l-lactic acid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The attraction of female Aedes aegypti to single compounds and binary compositions comprised of L-lactic acid and an additional <span class="hlt">saturated</span> compound from a set of ketones, <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, and chloroalkanes was studied using a triple-cage dual-port olfactometer. These chemical classes were studied because o...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70009840','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70009840"><span>Submarine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> from the Revillagigedo Islands region, Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Moore, J.G.</p> <p>1970-01-01</p> <p>Ocean-floor dredging and submarine photography in the Revillagigedo region off the west coast of Mexico reveal that the dominant exposed rock of the submarine part of the large island-forming volcanoes (Roca Partida and San Benedicto) is a uniform alkali pillow <span class="hlt">basalt</span>; more siliceous rocks are exposed on the upper, subaerial parts of the volcanoes. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> dredged from smaller seamounts along the Clarion fracture zone south of the Revillagigedo Islands are tholeiitic pillow <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Pillows of alkali <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are more vesicular than Hawaiian tholeiitic pillows collected from the same depths. This difference probably reflects a higher original volatile content of the alkali <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Manganese-iron oxide nodules common in several dredge hauls generally contain nucleii of rhyolitic pumice or <span class="hlt">basalt</span> pillow fragments. The pumice floated to its present site from subaerial eruptions, became waterlogged and sank, and was then coated with manganese-iron oxides. The thickness of palagonite rinds on the glassy pillow fragments is proportional to the thickness of manganese-iron oxide layers, and both are a measure of the age of the nodule. Both oldest <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (10-100 m.y.) and youngest (less than 1 m.y.) are along the Clarion fracture zone, whereas <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Roca Partida and San Benedicto volcanoes are of intermediate age. ?? 1970.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24361702','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24361702"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> response analysis for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> control using a pS electrode in sulfate reducing bioreactors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Villa-Gomez, D K; Cassidy, J; Keesman, K J; Sampaio, R; Lens, P N L</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Step changes in the organic loading rate (OLR) through variations in the influent chemical oxygen demand (CODin) concentration or in the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at constant COD/SO4(2-) ratio (0.67) were applied to create <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> responses for the design of a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> control in sulfate reducing bioreactors. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was measured using a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ion selective electrode (pS) and the values obtained were used to calculate proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters. The experiments were performed in an inverse fluidized bed bioreactor with automated operation using the LabVIEW software version 2009(®). A rapid response and high <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> increment was obtained through a stepwise increase in the CODin concentration, while a stepwise decrease to the HRT exhibited a slower response with smaller <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> increment. Irrespective of the way the OLR was decreased, the pS response showed a time-varying behavior due to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> accumulation (HRT change) or utilization of substrate sources that were not accounted for (CODin change). The pS electrode response, however, showed to be informative for applications in sulfate reducing bioreactors. Nevertheless, the recorded pS values need to be corrected for pH variations and high <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentrations (>200 mg/L). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.P13B1382S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.P13B1382S"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> weathering in the Werenskioldbreen, Spitsbergen - A polar terrestrial analogue for gypsum deposition in the North Polar Region of Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Szynkiewicz, A.; Modelska, M.; Buczynski, S.; Borrok, D.; Pratt, L.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p> Werenskioldbreen. The highest occurrences of gypsum are in the eastern part of Olympia Undae Dune Field, nearby plausible fluvio-glacial features and the impact crater which might have activated confined water circulation in the past. Given that ancient aeolian strata underlying Planum Boreum are of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> composition and <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are common minor minerals in <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, it is likely that slow weathering of this material in the presence of water ice may have contributed elevated SO4 fluxes during short-lived melting events in the past. The westward gypsum decrease in the Olympia Undae suggests re-distribution of weathering products like gypsum from the confined source area during subsequent aeolian transport. In contrast to Earth, limited water activity and prevailing dry conditions on the surface of Mars are the likely factors that account for the larger accumulation and preservation of polar gypsum on the surface and its broad aeolian distribution in the north polar depression.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.194..179V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.194..179V"><span>Origin and fate of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids in hotspot volcanism (La Réunion): Pb isotope constraints from residual Fe-Cu oxides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vlastélic, I.; Gannoun, A.; Di Muro, A.; Gurioli, L.; Bachèlery, P.; Henot, J. M.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas play an important role in trace metal transport and the sulfur budget of volcanic eruptions. However, <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are transient phases, whose origin and fate are poorly constrained. We address these issues by analyzing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> destabilization products preserved in lavas from La Réunion Island. Iron oxide globules and coatings, typically 20-80 μm in size, were found to occur in vesicles of differentiated lavas from Piton des Neiges, and recent pumice samples from Piton de la Fournaise. Field and mineralogical evidence indicates that the iron oxides are syn-eruptive phases not resulting from hydrothermal processes. Samples were first studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The globules were separated, whereas the smaller spherules and coatings were concentrated by magnetic sorting and acid leaching, and samples were processed through wet chemistry. The Fe oxide phases comprise 49-74 wt.% Fe, 26-40 wt.% O, and up to 6 wt.% Cu, 811 ppm Ni, 140 ppm Bi, and 8.5 ppm Pb. Compared to the host lava, Cu, Ni, and Bi are enriched by a factor of 101-103. Systematic Pb isotope disequilibrium (between 500 ppm and 2.9% for 206Pb/204Pb) exists between Fe oxides and host rocks, with Fe oxides generally displaying less radiogenic ratios. Unradiogenic Pb is a typical signature of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, which tends to concentrate Pb, but not its parent elements U and Th. Thus, both the chemical and isotopic compositions of the vesicle-hosted Fe oxides suggest that they are more or less direct products of the destabilization of immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquids. Although Pb dominantly partitions into the gas phase during <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> breakdown, the original Pb isotope signature of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is preserved in the residual oxide. The composition estimated for the parent <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (206Pb/204Pb = 18.20-18.77, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.575, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.2-38.8) precludes a genetic link with the La Réunion plume, and suggests a lithospheric or crustal origin. It is estimated</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5666145','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5666145"><span>Cupriavidus necator H16 Uses Flavocytochrome c <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Dehydrogenase To Oxidize Self-Produced and Added <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lü, Chuanjuan; Xia, Yongzhen; Liu, Daixi; Zhao, Rui; Gao, Rui</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>ABSTRACT Production of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S, HS−, and S2−) by heterotrophic bacteria during aerobic growth is a common phenomenon. Some bacteria with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) and persulfide dioxygenase (PDO) can oxidize self-produced <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to sulfite and thiosulfate, but other bacteria without these enzymes release <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> into the medium, from which H2S can volatilize into the gas phase. Here, we report that Cupriavidus necator H16, with the fccA and fccB genes encoding flavocytochrome c <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> dehydrogenases (FCSDs), also oxidized self-produced H2S. A mutant in which fccA and fccB were deleted accumulated and released H2S. When fccA and fccB were expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Pa3K with deletions of its sqr and pdo genes, the recombinant rapidly oxidized <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to sulfane sulfur. When PDO was also cloned into the recombinant, the recombinant with both FCSD and PDO oxidized <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to sulfite and thiosulfate. Thus, the proposed pathway is similar to the pathway catalyzed by SQR and PDO, in which FCSD oxidizes <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to polysulfide, polysulfide spontaneously reacts with reduced glutathione (GSH) to produce glutathione persulfide (GSSH), and PDO oxidizes GSSH to sulfite, which chemically reacts with polysulfide to produce thiosulfate. About 20.6% of sequenced bacterial genomes contain SQR, and only 3.9% contain FCSD. This is not a surprise, since SQR is more efficient in conserving energy because it passes electrons from <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation into the electron transport chain at the quinone level, while FCSD passes electrons to cytochrome c. The transport of electrons from the latter to O2 conserves less energy. FCSDs are grouped into three subgroups, well conserved at the taxonomic level. Thus, our data show the diversity in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation by heterotrophic bacteria. IMPORTANCE Heterotrophic bacteria with SQR and PDO can oxidize self-produced <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and do not release H2S into the gas phase. C. necator H16 has FCSD but not SQR, and it does</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJMMM..23..609F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJMMM..23..609F"><span>A novel method for improving cerussite <span class="hlt">sulfidization</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Feng, Qi-cheng; Wen, Shu-ming; Zhao, Wen-juan; Cao, Qin-bo; Lü, Chao</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Evaluation of flotation behavior, solution measurements, and surface analyses were performed to investigate the effects of chloride ion addition on the <span class="hlt">sulfidization</span> of cerussite in this study. Micro-flotation tests indicate that the addition of chloride ions prior to <span class="hlt">sulfidization</span> can significantly increase the flotation recovery of cerussite, which is attributed to the formation of more lead <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species on the mineral surface. Solution measurement results suggest that the addition of chloride ions prior to <span class="hlt">sulfidization</span> induces the transformation of more <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ions from pulp solution onto the mineral surface by the formation of more lead <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy indicate that more lead <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species form on the mineral surface when chloride ions are added prior to <span class="hlt">sulfidization</span>. These results demonstrate that the addition of chloride ions prior to <span class="hlt">sulfidization</span> can significantly improve the <span class="hlt">sulfidization</span> of cerussite, thereby enhancing the flotation performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010820','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010820"><span>Composition and origin of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma of the Hawaiian Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Powers, H.A.</p> <p>1955-01-01</p> <p>Silica-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma is the source of the voluminous lava flows, erupted frequently and rapidly in the primitive shield-building stage of activity, that form the bulk of each Hawaiian volcano. This magma may be available in batches that differ slightly in free silica content from batch to batch both at the same and at different volcanoes; differentiation by fractionation of olivine does not occur within this primitive magma. Silica-deficient <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma, enriched in alkali, is the source of commonly porphyritic lava flows erupted less frequently and in relatively negligible volume during a declining and decadent stage of activity at some Hawaiian volcanoes. Differentiation by fractionation of olivine, plagioclase and augite is evident among these lavas, but does not account for the silica deficiency or the alkali enrichment. Most of the data of Hawaiian volcanism and petrology can be explained by a hypothesis that batches of magma are melted from crystalline paridotite by a recurrent process (distortion of the equatorial bulge by forced and free nutational stresses) that accomplishes the melting only of the plagioclase and pyroxene component but not the excess olivine and more refractory components within a zone of fixed and limited depth. Eruption exhausts the supply of meltable magma under a given locality and, in the absence of more violent melting processes, leaves a stratum of crystalline refractory components. ?? 1955.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.P33B1769W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.P33B1769W"><span>Modeling Cooling Rates of Martian Flood <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Columns</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Weiss, D. K.; Jackson, B.; Milazzo, M. P.; Barnes, J. W.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Columnar jointing in large <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows have been extensively studied and can provide important clues about the emplacement conditions and cooling history of a <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow. The recent discovery of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> columns on Mars in crater walls near Marte Vallis provides an opportunity to infer conditions on early Mars when the Martian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows were laid down. Comparison of the Martian columns to Earth analogs allows us to gain further insight into the early Martian climate, and among the best terrestrial analogs are the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> columns in the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group (CRBG) in eastern Washington. The CRBG is one of the youngest (< 17 Myrs old) and most extensively studied <span class="hlt">basalt</span> provinces in the world, extending over 163,700 square km with total thickness exceeding 1 km in some places. The morphologies and textures of CRBG <span class="hlt">basalt</span> columns suggest that in many places flows ~100 m thick cooled at uniform rates, even deep in the flow interior. Such cooling seems to require the presence of water in the column joints since the flow interiors should have cooled much more slowly than the flow margins if conductive cooling dominated. Secondary features, such pillow <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, likewise suggest the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows were in direct contact with standing water in many places. At the resolution provided by the orbiting HiRISE camera (0.9 m), the Martian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> columns resemble the CRBG columns in many respects, and so, subject to important caveats, inferences linking the morphologies of the CRBG columns to their thermal histories can be extended in some respects to the Martian columns. In this presentation, we will describe our analysis of the HiRISE images of the Martian columns and what can be reasonably inferred about their thermal histories and the conditions under which they were emplaced. We will also report on a field expedition to the CRBG in eastern Washington State. During that expedition, we surveyed <span class="hlt">basalt</span> column outcrops on the ground and from the air using Unmanned Aerial</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5830859-sea-water-basalt-interactions-genesis-coastal-thermal-waters-maharashtra-india','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5830859-sea-water-basalt-interactions-genesis-coastal-thermal-waters-maharashtra-india"><span>Sea water - <span class="hlt">basalt</span> interactions and genesis of the coastal thermal waters of Maharashtra, India</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Muthuraman, K.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The thermal waters close to the western coastal belt of India (in Maharashtra State) generally discharge Na-Ca-Cl and Ca-Na-Cl types of waters through the basic lava flows of late Cretaceous-early Tertiary age. Experimental work to study the reactions between the dilute sea water and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> conducted in static autoclaves at selected elevated temperatures, indicates the possibility of producing chloride waters with relatively high calcium, similar to these thermal waters. In view of the increase in Ca in the resultant solutions during sea water-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> reactions at elevated temperatures, the base temperatures computed by Na-K-Ca geothermometry would be far lower than themore » actual temperatures of the system. At lower temperatures (around 100/sup 0/C) absorption by K by <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is possible and, hence, alkali geothermometry also may not be reliable for such systems. Anhydrite <span class="hlt">saturation</span> temperature seems to be a reliable geothermometer for such coastal thermal water systems involving a sea water component. The results of the computer processing of the chemistry of some of these thermal waters using ''WATEQ'' are discussed. Two of these waters are oversaturated with diopside, tremolite, calcite and aragonite, indicating a rather low temperature of origin. In two other cases, interaction with ultramafic rocks is indicated, as these waters are oversaturated with diopside, tremolite, talc, chrysotile, sepiolite and its precipitate. There is no clear evidence to show that the thermal waters of the west coast of India emerge directly from either marine evaporites or oil field waters. It is proposed that the majority of these thermal waters should have originated through interaction of an admixture of sea water and meteoric water with the local <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows at some elevated temperatures.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025985','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025985"><span>Geologic setting and genesis of the Mule Canyon low-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> epithermal gold-silver deposit, north-central Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>John, D.A.; Hofstra, A.H.; Fleck, R.J.; Brummer, J.E.; Saderholm, E.C.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The Mule Canyon mine exploited shallow, low-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span>, epithermal Au-Ag deposits that lie near the west side of the Northern Nevada rift in northern Lander County, Nevada. Mule Canyon consists of six small deposits that contained premining reserves of about 8.2 Mt at an average grade of 3.81 g Au/tonne. It is an uncommon mafic end member of low-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> Au-Ag deposits associated with tholeiitic bimodal <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-rhyolite magmatism. The ore is hosted by a <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-andesite eruptive center that formed between about 16.4 to 15.8 Ma during early mafic eruptions related to regionally extensive bimodal magmatism. Hydrothermal alteration and Au-Ag ores formed at about 15.6 Ma and were tightly controlled by north-northwest- to north-striking high-angle fault and breccia zones developed during rifting, emplacement of mafic dikes, and eruption of mafic lava flows. Hydrothermal alteration assemblages are zoned outward from fluid conduits in the sequence silica-adularia, adularia-smectite, smectite (intermediate argillic), and smectite-carbonate (propylitic). All alteration types contain abundant pyrite and/or marcasite ?? arsenopyrite. Field relations indicate that silica-adularia alteration is superimposed on argillic and propylitic alteration. Little or no steam-heated acid-sulfate alteration is present, probably the result of a near-surface water table during hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition. Two distinct ore types are present at Mule Canyon: early replacement and later open-space filling. Replacement ores consist of disseminated and vesicle-filling pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite in argillically altered or weakly silicified rocks. Ore minerals consist of Au-bearing arsenopyrite and arsenian pyrite overgrowths on earlier-formed pyrite and marcasite. Open-space filling ores include narrow stockwork quartz-adularia veins, banded and crustiform opaline and chalcedonic silica-adularia veins, silica-adularia cemented breccias, and sparse carbonate-pyrite and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014782','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014782"><span>Mineralogical studies of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> samples and volatile concentrations of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glasses from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Brett, R.; Evans, H.T.; Gibson, E.K.; Hedenquist, J.W.; Wandless, M.-V.; Sommer, M.A.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Specifically considers unusual minerals and geothermometric relations not previously covered. Equilibrium, if attained at all, during deposition of most <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> was a transient event over a few tens of micrometers at most and was perturbed by rapid temperature and compositional changes of the circulating fluid. Two new minerals were found: one, a hydrated Zn, Fe hydroxy-chlorosulfate, and the other, a (Mn, Mg, Fe) hydroxide or hydroxy-hydrate. Both were formed at relatively low temperatures. Lizardite, starkeyite, and anatase were found for the first time in such an environment.-from Authors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JGR....91.8126M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JGR....91.8126M"><span>Partitioning of K, U, and TH between <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and silicate liquids: Implications for radioactive heating of planetary cores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Murrell, M. T.; Burnett, D. S.</p> <p>1986-07-01</p> <p>The possibility of heating of planetary cores by K radioactivity has been extensively discussed, as well as the possibility that K partitioning into the terrestrial core is the reason for the difference between the terrestrial and chondritic K/U. We had previously suggested that U and Th partitioning into FeFeS liquids was more important than K. Laboratory FeFeS liquid, silicate liquid partition coefficient measurements (D) for K, U, and Th were made to test this suggestion. For a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> liquid at 1450°C and 1.5 GPa, DU is 0.013 and DK is 0.0026; thus U partitioning into FeFeS liquids is 5 times greater than K partitioning under these conditions. There are problems with 1-atm experiments in that they do not appear to equilibrate or reverse. However, measurable U and Th partitioning into <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was nearly always observed, but K partitioning was normally not observed (DK <~ 10-4). A typical value for DU from a granitic silicate liquid at one atmosphere, 1150°C, and low f02 is about 0.02; DTh is similar. At low f02 and higher temperature, experiments with <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> liquids produce strong Ca and U partitioning into the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid with DU > 1. DTh is less strongly affected. Because of the consistently low DK/DU, pressure effects near the core-mantle boundary would need to increase DK by factors of ~103 with much smaller increases in DU in order to have the terrestrial K and U abundances at chondritic levels. In addition, if radioactive heating is important for planetary cores, U and Th will be more important than K unless the lower mantle has K/U greater than 10 times chondritic or large changes in partition coefficients with conditions reverse the relative importance of K versus U and Th from our measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAESc.154..162W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAESc.154..162W"><span>A synthesis of magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits in the ∼260 Ma Emeishan large igneous province, SW China and northern Vietnam</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Christina Yan; Wei, Bo; Zhou, Mei-Fu; Minh, Dinh Huu; Qi, Liang</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p> intrusion. Overall, the three types of Ni-Cu-(PGE) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits in the Emeishan LIP can be taken as a spectrum of Ni-Cu-(PGE) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization, the formation of which involved similar magmatic processes in open systems of magma conduits. The magma conduits developed along the cross-linking structures created by numerous strike-slip faults and each intrusion appears to be part of a connecting trellis of conduits that formed complex pathways from the mantle to the surface. The Ni-Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dominated deposits are attributed to a single <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> segregation event in staging magma chambers, whereas the PGE-dominated deposits were likely formed by a multistage-dissolution, upgrading process in the staging chambers. The Ni-Cu-(PGE) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dominated deposits may have experienced interaction between successive pulses of S-undersaturated mafic magma and early segregated <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts in the staging chambers. This study is intended to provide a better understanding of the magmatic processes related to the formation of conduit-type Ni-Cu-(PGE) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits associated with continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magmatism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6323C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6323C"><span>Sardinian <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. An ancient georesource still en vougue</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Careddu, Nicola; Grillo, Silvana Maria</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Commercially quarried Sardinian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> was the result of extensive volcanic activity during the Pliocene and Pleistocene ages, following the opening of the Campidano plain and Tyrrhenian sea rift. Extensive areas of Sardinia have been modelled by large volumes of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and andesite rock. An example is provided by the 'Giare' tablelands and other large plateaus located in central Sardinia. Other <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-rich areas exist in the Island. Sardinia is featured by a vast array of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> monuments, dating back to the II-I millennium BC, bearing witness to the great workability, durability and resistance to weathering of the rock. The complex of circular defensive towers, known as "Su Nuraxi di Barumini" was included in the World Heritage List by Unesco in 1997. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> is currently produced locally to be used for architectural and ornamental purposes. It is obtained by quarrying stone deposits or mining huge boulders which are moved and sawn by means of mechanical machinery. Stone-working is carried out in plants located in various sites of the Island. The paper begins with an historical introduction and then focusses on the current state of the art of Sardinian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> quarrying, processing and using. An analysis of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> market has been carried out.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16807929','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16807929"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> oxidation under chemolithoautotrophic denitrifying conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cardoso, Ricardo Beristain; Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes; Rowlette, Pieter; Flores, Elias Razo; Gómez, Jorge; Field, Jim A</p> <p>2006-12-20</p> <p>Chemolithoautotrophic denitrifying microorganisms oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds coupled to the reduction of nitrate as an electron acceptor. These denitrifiers can be applied to the removal of nitrogen and/or sulfur contamination from wastewater, groundwater, and gaseous streams. This study investigated the physiology and kinetics of chemolithotrophic denitrification by an enrichment culture utilizing hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, elemental sulfur, or thiosulfate as electron donor. Complete oxidation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to sulfate was observed when nitrate was supplemented at concentrations equal or exceeding the stoichiometric requirement. In contrast, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was only partially oxidized to elemental sulfur when nitrate concentrations were limiting. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> was found to inhibit chemolithotrophic sulfoxidation, decreasing rates by approximately 21-fold when the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentration increased from 2.5 to 10.0 mM, respectively. Addition of low levels of acetate (0.5 mM) enhanced denitrification and sulfate formation, suggesting that acetate was utilized as a carbon source by chemolithotrophic denitrifiers. The results of this study indicate the potential of chemolithotrophic denitrification for the removal of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>/nitrate ratio can be used to control the fate of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation to either elemental sulfur or sulfate. Copyright 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017035','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017035"><span>Zinc, copper, and lead in mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the source rock control on Zn/Pb in ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Doe, B.R.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The contents of Zn, Cu, and Pb in mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (MORB) and the MORB source-rock control on Zn/Pb in ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits are examined. The values of Zn, Cu, and Pb for submarine mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (MORB) are, respectively (in ppm): average MORB-75, 75, and 0.7; West Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR)-87, 64, and 0.5; southern JFR-120 and 0.5; and 21??N, East Pacific Rise (EPR)-73, 78, and 0.5. Values of Zn/Pb range from about 100-240 and Cu/ Pb from 100-156. In this study, Zn is found to correlate positively with TiO2 + FeO (mean square of weighted deviates, MSWD, of 1.6 for JFR <span class="hlt">basalt</span>), and inversely with Mg number (MSWD of 3.5). Therefore, contrary to statements in the literature that Zn should be compatible in MORB, Zn is a mildly incompatible element and must be enriched in the glass phase relative to olivine as Zn does not fit into the other major phenocryst phase, plagioclase. In the source of MORB, Zn likely is most enriched in oxides: spinel, magnetite, and titanomagnetite. Copper generally does not correlate well with other elements in most MORB data examined. When differentiation is dominated by olivine, Cu has a tendency to behave incompatibly (e.g., at Mg numbers > 70), but, overall, Cu shows some tendency towards being a compatible element, particularly along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a behavior presumably due to separation of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in which Cu (but not Zn) is markedly enriched. Copper thus may be in dispersed <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the source of MORB. Ocean ridges provide important data on source-rock controls for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits because, in sediment-starved ridges, much is known about the possible source rocks and mineralization is presently occurring. In contrast to Zn/Pb ~5 in continental hot Cl-rich brines, Zn/Pb in the hottest sediment-starved ridge black smoker hydrothermal fluids at 21 ??N, EPR is about 110, similar to local MORB (145), but Cu/Pb is closer to 30, possibly due to subsurface deposition of Cu. At the JFR, the best</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790048527&hterms=rare+earth+elements&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Drare%2Bearth%2Belements','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790048527&hterms=rare+earth+elements&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Drare%2Bearth%2Belements"><span>Trace element composition of Luna 24 Crisium VLT <span class="hlt">basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Haskin, L. A.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>The origins of the individual particles analyzed from the Luna 24 core and the information they provide on the trace-element composition of Mare Crisium <span class="hlt">basalt</span> are considered. Previous analyses of several Luna 24 soil fragments are reviewed. It is concluded that: (1) the average trace-element concentrations for 12 VLT <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fragments are the best available estimates for bulk samples of Crisium VLT <span class="hlt">basalt</span>; (2) there is weak evidence that the average Crisium <span class="hlt">basalt</span> might have a small positive Eu anomaly relative to chondritic matter; (3) the soils contain components from sources other than the Crisium VLT <span class="hlt">basalt</span>; and (4) there is no convincing information in concentrations of rare-earth elements, Co, Sc, FeO, or Na2O among the analyzed fragments to indicate more than one parent <span class="hlt">basalt</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/270489','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/270489"><span>Microbial control of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Montgomery, A.D.; Bhupathiraju, V.K.; Wofford, N.</p> <p>1995-12-31</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-resistant strain of Thiobacillus denitrificans, strain F, prevented the accumulation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans when both organisms were grown in liquid medium. The wild-type strain of T. denitrificans did not prevent the accumulation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> produced by D. desulfuricans. Strain F also prevented the accumulation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> by a mixed population of sulfate-reducing bacteria enriched from an oil field brine. Fermentation balances showed that strain F stoichiometrically oxidized the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> produced by D. desulfuricans and the oil field brine enrichment to sulfate. The ability of a strain F to control <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production in an experimental system of coresmore » and formation water from the Redfield, Iowa, natural gas storage facility was also investigated. A stable, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-producing biofilm was established in two separate core systems, one of which was inoculated with strain F while the other core system (control) was treated in an identical manner, but was not inoculated with strain F. When formation water with 10 mM acetate and 5 mM nitrate was injected into both core systems, the effluent <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentrations in the control core system ranged from 200 to 460 {mu}M. In the test core system inoculated with strain F, the effluent <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentrations were lower, ranging from 70 to 110 {mu}M. In order to determine whether strain F could control <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production under optimal conditions for sulfate-reducing bacteria, the electron donor was changed to lactate and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphate sources) were added to the formation water. When nutrient-supplemented formation water with 3.1 mM lactate and 10 mM nitrate was used, the effluent <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentrations of the control core system initially increased to about 3,800 {mu}M, and then decreased to about 1,100 {mu}M after 5 weeks. However, in the test core system inoculated with strain F, the effluent <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentrations were much lower, 160 to 330 {mu}M.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676779','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676779"><span>Can we identify source lithology of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Zong-Feng; Zhou, Jun-Hong</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The nature of source rocks of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas plays a fundamental role in understanding the composition, structure and evolution of the solid earth. However, identification of source lithology of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> remains uncertainty. Using a parameterization of multi-decadal melting experiments on a variety of peridotite and pyroxenite, we show here that a parameter called FC3MS value (FeO/CaO-3*MgO/SiO2, all in wt%) can identify most pyroxenite-derived <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The continental oceanic island <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-like volcanic rocks (MgO>7.5%) (C-OIB) in eastern China and Mongolia are too high in the FC3MS value to be derived from peridotite source. The majority of the C-OIB in phase diagrams are equilibrium with garnet and clinopyroxene, indicating that garnet pyroxenite is the dominant source lithology. Our results demonstrate that many reputed evolved low magnesian C-OIBs in fact represent primary pyroxenite melts, suggesting that many previous geological and petrological interpretations of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> based on the single peridotite model need to be reconsidered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3655377','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3655377"><span>Can we identify source lithology of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Zong-Feng; Zhou, Jun-Hong</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The nature of source rocks of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas plays a fundamental role in understanding the composition, structure and evolution of the solid earth. However, identification of source lithology of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> remains uncertainty. Using a parameterization of multi-decadal melting experiments on a variety of peridotite and pyroxenite, we show here that a parameter called FC3MS value (FeO/CaO-3*MgO/SiO2, all in wt%) can identify most pyroxenite-derived <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The continental oceanic island <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-like volcanic rocks (MgO>7.5%) (C-OIB) in eastern China and Mongolia are too high in the FC3MS value to be derived from peridotite source. The majority of the C-OIB in phase diagrams are equilibrium with garnet and clinopyroxene, indicating that garnet pyroxenite is the dominant source lithology. Our results demonstrate that many reputed evolved low magnesian C-OIBs in fact represent primary pyroxenite melts, suggesting that many previous geological and petrological interpretations of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> based on the single peridotite model need to be reconsidered. PMID:23676779</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JAESc..37..229W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JAESc..37..229W"><span>Co-rich <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in mantle peridotites from Penghu Islands, Taiwan: Footprints of Proterozoic mantle plumes under the Cathaysia Block</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Kuo-Lung; O'Reilly, Suzanne Y.; Honda, Masahiko; Matsumoto, Takuya; Griffin, William L.; Pearson, Norman J.; Zhang, Ming</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p>Abundant primary <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> occur as inclusions in silicates and as discrete grains in mantle-derived spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Miocene intraplate <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the Penghu Islands, Taiwan, which is located at the southeastern margin of Cathaysia Block. These <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are dominantly mixtures of Fe-rich and Ni-rich monosulfide solid solutions (MSS), with minor pentlandite, millerite and chalcopyrite, and are considered to represent <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts crystallized at high temperatures (>900 °C). Some <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the Tungchiyu (TCY) islet (37 out of 118 grains) have remarkably high Co contents resulting in subchondritic Ni/Co ratios (<21; 5-20, median = 12), distinct from the superchondritic values (Ni/Co = 48-157, median = 83) typical of mantle <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> worldwide. The Co-rich nature of the TCY <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> is considered to be a primary characteristic as no secondary processes can be identified to account for the feature. They are similar to Ni-Co-rich <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from Lac de Gras, Slave Craton ( Aulbach et al. (2004) Chemical Geology 208, 61-88) interpreted as being derived from the lower mantle. Experimental studies suggest that the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt/silicate melt partition coefficient of Ni becomes lower than that of Co at pressures greater than 28 GPa, similar to recent estimates of the magma ocean conditions. Os model ages of the TCY Co-rich <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> reveal four episodes of generation: 2.0, 1.7, 1.4 and 0.8 Ga; this is consistent with the age pattern of all Penghu <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, indicating significant lithosperic mantle formation, melt extraction or metasomatic events at these time periods. These events closely correspond to the global 1.9-Ga superplume event related to the assembly of the Nena/Columbia supercontinent, a minor 1.7-Ga superplume event in SW Laurentia prior to breakup of Nena/Columbia, the 1468 Ma Moyie event in the Belt Basin region in western Laurentia and the ˜0.8 Ga breakup of Rodinia, with which the Cathaysia Block was associated at various stages during its</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710253I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710253I"><span>The source and longevity of sulfur in an Icelandic flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruption plume</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ilyinskaya, Evgenia; Edmonds, Marie; Mather, Tamsin; Schmidt, Anja; Hartley, Margaret; Oppenheimer, Clive; Pope, Francis; Donovan, Amy; Sigmarsson, Olgeir; Maclennan, John; Shorttle, Oliver; Francis, Peter; Bergsson, Baldur; Barsotti, Sara; Thordarson, Thorvaldur; Bali, Eniko; Keller, Nicole; Stefansson, Andri</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The Holuhraun fissure eruption (Bárðarbunga volcanic system, central Iceland) has been ongoing since 31 August 2014 and is now the largest in Europe since the 1783-84 Laki event. For the first time in the modern age we have the opportunity to study at first hand the environmental impact of a flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fissure eruption (>1 km3 lava). Flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions are one of the most hazardous volcanic scenarios in Iceland and have had enormous societal and economic consequences across the northern hemisphere in the past. The Laki eruption caused the deaths of >20% of the Icelandic population by environmental pollution and famine and potentially also increased European levels of mortality through air pollution by sulphur-bearing gas and aerosol. A flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruption was included in the UK National Risk Register in 2012 as one of the highest priority risks. The gas emissions from Holuhraun have been sustained since its beginning, repeatedly causing severe air pollution in populated areas in Iceland. During 18-22 September, SO2 fluxes reached 45 kt/day, a rate of outgassing rarely observed during sustained eruptions, suggesting that the sulfur loading per kg of erupted magma exceeds both that of other recent eruptions in Iceland and perhaps also other historic <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruptions globally. This raises key questions regarding the origin of these prodigious quantities of sulphur. A lack of understanding of the source of this sulfur, the conversion rates of SO2 gas into aerosol, the residence times of aerosol in the plume and the dependence of these on meteorological factors is limiting our confidence in the ability of atmospheric models to forecast gas and aerosol concentrations in the near- and far-field from Icelandic flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions. In 2015 our group is undertaking a project funded by UK NERC urgency scheme to investigate several aspects of the sulfur budget at Holuhraun using a novel and powerful approach involving simultaneous tracking of sulfur and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJEaS.104.2147S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJEaS.104.2147S"><span>Are flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions monogenetic or polygenetic?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sheth, Hetu C.; Cañón-Tapia, Edgardo</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>A fundamental classification of volcanoes divides them into "monogenetic" and "polygenetic." We discuss whether flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fields, the largest volcanic provinces, are monogenetic or polygenetic. A polygenetic volcano, whether a shield volcano or a stratovolcano, erupts from the same dominant conduit for millions of years (excepting volumetrically small flank eruptions). A flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> province, built from different eruptive fissures dispersed over wide areas, can be considered a polygenetic volcano without any dominant vent. However, in the same characteristic, a flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> province resembles a monogenetic volcanic field, with only the difference that individual eruptions in the latter are much smaller. This leads to the question how a flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> province can be two very different phenomena at the same time. Individual flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions have previously been considered monogenetic, contrasted by only their high magma output (and lava fluidity) with typical "small-volume monogenetic" volcanoes. Field data from Hawaiian shield volcanoes, Iceland, and the Deccan Traps show that whereas many feeder dykes were single magma injections, and the eruptions can be considered "large monogenetic" eruptions, multiple dykes are equally abundant. They indicate that the same dyke fissure repeatedly transported separate magma batches, feeding an eruption which was thus polygenetic by even the restricted definition (the same magma conduit). This recognition helps in understanding the volcanological, stratigraphic, and geochemical complexity of flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The need for clear concepts and terminology is, however, strong. We give reasons for replacing "monogenetic volcanic fields" with "diffuse volcanic fields" and for dropping the term "polygenetic" and describing such volcanoes simply and specifically as "shield volcanoes," "stratovolcanoes," and "flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fields."</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992GeCoA..56.2177N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992GeCoA..56.2177N"><span>Petrogenesis of mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> - A record of lunar volcanism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Neal, Clive R.; Taylor, Lawrence A.</p> <p>1992-06-01</p> <p>The classification, sources, and overall petrogenesis of mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are reviewed. All mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> analyses are used to define a sixfold classification scheme using TiO2 contents as the primary division. A secondary division is made using Al2O3 contents, and a tertiary division is defined using K contents. Such divisions and subdivisions yield a classification containing 12 categories, of which six are accounted for by the existing Apollo and Luna collections. A variety of postmagma-generation such as fractional crystallization, either alone or combined with wallrock assimilation, are invoked to explain the compositional ranges of the various mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suites. High-Ti mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are found at Apollo 1 and Apollo 17 sites; the A-11 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> contain lower TiO2 abundances, a considerably larger range in trace-element contents, and the only occurrence of high-Ti/high-K mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The low-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> exhibit a wide range of major-and trace-element compositions and require source heterogeneity, fractional crystallization, and some assimilation.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672315','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672315"><span>[Determination of Total Iron and Fe2+ in <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jian-xun; Chen, Mei-rong; Jian, Zheng-guo; Wu, Gang; Wu, Zhi-shen</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> is the raw material of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber. The content of FeO and Fe2O3 has a great impact on the properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers. ICP-OES and dichromate method were used to test total Fe and Fe(2+) in <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Suitable instrument parameters and analysis lines of Fe were chosen for ICP-OES. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of ICP-OES is 2.2%, and the recovery is in the range of 98%~101%. The method shows simple, rapid and highly accurate for determination of total Fe and Fe(2+) in <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. The RSD of ICP-OES and dichromate method is 0.42% and 1.4%, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.4882M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.4882M"><span>Proterozoic Os model ages of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in mantle peridotites from the Ronda massif (southern Spain): insights into the evolution of the W European subcontinental lithospheric mantle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marchesi, Claudio; Griffin, William L.; Garrido, Carlos J.; Bodinier, Jean-Louis; O'Reilly, Suzanne Y.; Pearson, Norman J.</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The western part of the Ronda peridotite massif (southern Spain) consists mainly of highly foliated spinel-peridotite tectonites and undeformed granular peridotites that are separated by a recrystallization front. The spinel tectonites are interpreted as volumes of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle and the granular peridotites as a portion of lithospheric mantle that underwent partial melting and pervasive percolation of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts induced by Cenozoic asthenospheric upwelling. The Re-Os isotopic signature of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the granular domain and the recrystallization front mostly coincides with that of grains in the spinel tectonites. This indicates that the Re-Os radiometric system in <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> was highly resistant to partial melting and percolation of melts induced by Cenozoic lithospheric thermal erosion. The Re-Os isotopic systematics of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the Ronda peridotites thus mostly conserve the geochemical memory of ancient magmatic events in the lithospheric mantle. Os model ages record two Proterozoic melting episodes at ~ 1.6-1.8 Ga and 1.2-1.4 Ga, respectively. The emplacement of the massif into the subcontinental lithospheric mantle probably coincided with one of these depletion events. A later metasomatic episode caused the precipitation of a new generation of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> at ~ 0.7-0.9 Ga. These Proterozoic Os model ages are consistent with results obtained for several mantle suites in central/western Europe and northern Africa as well as with the Nd model ages of the continental crust of these regions. This suggests that the events recorded in mantle <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> of the Ronda peridotites reflect different stages of generation of the continental crust in the ancient Gondwana supercontinent</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010053613&hterms=McDougall&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAuthor-Name%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DMcDougall','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010053613&hterms=McDougall&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAuthor-Name%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DMcDougall"><span>The Origin of Noble Gas Isotopic Heterogeneity in Icelandic <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dixon, E. T.; Honda, M.; McDougall, I.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Two models for generation of heterogeneous He, Ne and Ar isotopic ratios in Icelandic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are evaluated using a mixing model and the observed noble gas elemental ratios in Icelandic <span class="hlt">basalts</span>,Ocean island <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (OIBs) and Mid-Ocean Ridge <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> (MORBs). Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4413942','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4413942"><span>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> measurement using <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> dibimane: critical evaluation with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shen, Xinggui; Chakraborty, Sourav; Dugas, Tammy R; Kevil, Christopher G</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Accurate measurement of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> bioavailability remains a technical challenge due to numerous issues involving sample processing, detection methods used, and actual biochemical products measured. Our group and others have reported that reverse phase HPLC detection of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> dibimane (SDB) product from the reaction of H2S/HS− with monobromobimane allows for analytical detection of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> bioavailability in free and other biochemical forms. However, it remains unclear whether possible interfering contaminants may contribute to HPLC SDB peak readings that may result in inaccurate measurements of bioavailable <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. In this study, we critically compared hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> dependent SDB detection using reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) versus quantitative SRM electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) to obtain greater clarity into the validity of the reverse phase HPLC method for analytical measurement of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Using an LCQ-deca ion-trap mass spectrometer, SDB was identified by ESI/MS positive ion mode, and quantified by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) using hydrocortisone as an internal standard. Collision induced dissociation (CID) parameters were optimized at MS2 level for SDB and hydrocortisone. ESI/MS detection of SDB standard was found to be a log order more sensitive than RP-HPLC with a lower limit of 0.25 nM. Direct comparison of tissue and plasma SDB levels using RP-HPLC and ESI/MS methods revealed comparable <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> levels in plasma, aorta, heart, lung and brain. Together, these data confirm the use of SDB as valid indicator of H2S bioavailability and highlights differences between analytical detection methods. PMID:24932544</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019892','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019892"><span>Whole rock major element chemistry of KREEP <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts in lunar breccia 15205: Implications for the petrogenesis of volcanic KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Vetter, Scott K.; Shervais, John W.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are a major component of soils and regolith at the Apollo 15 site. Their origin is controversial: both endogenous (volcanic) and exogenous (impact melt) processes have been proposed, but it is now generally agreed that KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are volcanic rocks derived from the nearby Apennine Bench formation. Because most pristine KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are found only as small clasts in polymict lunar breccias, reliable chemical data are scarce. The primary aim of this study is to characterize the range in chemical composition of pristine KREEP <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and to use these data to decipher the petrogenesis of these unique volcanic rocks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866101','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866101"><span>Apparatus for use in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> chemiluminescence detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spurlin, Stanford R.; Yeung, Edward S.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>A method of chemiluminescently determining a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> which is either hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> or methyl mercaptan by reacting the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with chlorine dioxide at low pressure and under conditions which allow a longer reaction time in emission of a single photon for every two <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> containing species, and thereafter, chemiluminescently detecting and determining the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The invention also relates not only to the detection method, but the novel chemical reaction and a specifically designed chemiluminescence detection cell for the reaction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812912M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812912M"><span>Quantifying glassy and crystalline <span class="hlt">basalt</span> partitioning in the oceanic crust</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moore, Rachael; Ménez, Bénédicte</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The upper layers of the oceanic crust are predominately <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rock, some of which hosts microbial life. Current studies of microbial life within the ocean crust mainly focus on the sedimentary rock fraction, or those organisms found within glassy <span class="hlt">basalts</span> while the potential habitability of crystalline <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are poorly explored. Recently, there has been recognition that microbial life develops within fractures and grain boundaries of crystalline <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, therefore estimations of total biomass within the oceanic crust may be largely under evaluated. A deeper understanding of the bulk composition and fractionation of rocks within the oceanic crust is required before more accurate estimations of biomass can be made. To augment our understanding of glassy and crystalline <span class="hlt">basalts</span> within the oceanic crust we created two end-member models describing <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fractionation: a pillow <span class="hlt">basalt</span> with massive, or sheet, flows crust and a pillow <span class="hlt">basalt</span> with sheeted dike crust. Using known measurements of massive flow thickness, dike thickness, chilled margin thickness, pillow lava size, and pillow lava glass thickness, we have calculated the percentage of glassy versus crystalline <span class="hlt">basalts</span> within the oceanic crust for each model. These models aid our understanding of textural fractionation within the oceanic crust, and can be applied with bioenergetics models to better constrain deep biomass estimates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/894862-chemical-bonding-sulfide-minerals','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/894862-chemical-bonding-sulfide-minerals"><span>Chemical Bonding in <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Minerals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Vaughan, David J.; Rosso, Kevin M.</p> <p></p> <p>An understanding of chemical bonding and electronic structure in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals is central to any attempt at understanding their crystal structures, stabilities and physical properties. It is also an essential precursor to understanding reactivity through modeling surface structure at the molecular scale. In recent decades, there have been remarkable advances in first principles (ab initio) methods for the quantitative calculation of electronic structure. These advances have been made possible by the very rapid development of high performance computers. Several review volumes that chart the applications of these developments in mineralogy and geochemistry are available (Tossell and Vaughan, 1992; Cygan andmore » Kubicki, 2001). An important feature of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals is the diversity of their electronic structures, as evidenced by their electrical and magnetic properties (see Pearce et al. 2006, this volume). Thus, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals range from insulators through semiconductors to metals, and exhibit every type of magnetic behavior. This has presented problems for those attempting to develop bonding models for <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, and also led to certain misconceptions regarding the kinds of models that may be appropriate. In this chapter, chemical bonding and electronic structure models for <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are reviewed with emphasis on more recent developments. Although the fully ab initio quantitative methods are now capable of a remarkable degree of sophistication in terms of agreement with experiment and potential to interpret and predict behavior with varying conditions, both qualitative and more simplistic quantitative approaches will also be briefly discussed. This is because we believe that the insights which they provide are still helpful to those studying <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals. In addition to the application of electronic structure models and calculations to solid <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, work on <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineral surfaces (Rosso and Vaughan 2006a,b) and solution complexes and clusters</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RaPC..150..172B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RaPC..150..172B"><span>Original behavior of pore water radiolysis in cement-based materials containing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>: Coupling between experiments and simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bouniol, P.; Guillot, W.; Dauvois, V.; Dridi, W.; Le Caër, S.</p> <p>2018-09-01</p> <p>Blended cements with high content of blast furnace slag (CEM III/C) can be used for nuclear waste conditioning because of their low hydration heat as compared to ordinary Portland cements (CEM I). They however contain some <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, an impurity whose role needs to be investigated. Indeed, they can have an effect on the radiolytic H2 production under irradiation. To study the impact of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species on H2 production, gamma irradiation, at a dose rate of 356 Gy h-1, was performed during 6 months in a closed system without O2 on a cement paste made with CEM III/C. At short time, the radiolytic H2 production rate is higher than that measured using CEM I. On the basis of reaction data collected in the literature on sulfur species, radiolysis simulations performed for both systems confirm this behavior. Moreover, they suggest that the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentration, initially imposed in pore solution by the slag is of the order of 180 mM, and is responsible for this H2 production. For the first two irradiation months, the following phenomena are then evidenced in CEM III/C: 1) conversion of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> into polysulfide anions; 2) pH increase; 3) production of H2 due to the H•+ H2S reaction having a very high rate constant. Nevertheless, in the medium term, the residual <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentration is not sufficient any more for this mechanism to occur. It imposes a reducing environment, leading to a very efficient recombination of H2 in pore solution. The resulting equilibrium state is reinforced by the high liquid <span class="hlt">saturation</span> level in the cement paste porosity. Therefore, even if the presence of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species in blended cements momentarily increases the H2 production rate, it strongly reduces it at long times.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7004386','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7004386"><span>Apparatus for use in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> chemiluminescence detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spurlin, S.R.; Yeung, E.S.</p> <p>1987-01-06</p> <p>A method is described for chemiluminescently determining a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> which is either hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> or methyl mercaptan by reacting the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with chlorine dioxide at low pressure and under conditions which allow a longer reaction time in emission of a single photon for every two <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> containing species, and thereafter, chemiluminescently detecting and determining the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The invention also relates not only to the detection method, but the novel chemical reaction and a specifically designed chemiluminescence detection cell for the reaction. 4 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.P42B..02S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.P42B..02S"><span>Exploration of a Subsurface Biosphere in a Volcanic Massive <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>: Results of the Mars Analog Rio Tinto Drilling Experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stoker, C. R.; Stevens, T.; Amils, R.; Fernandez, D.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Biological systems on Earth require three key ingredients-- liquid water, an energy source, and a carbon source, that are found in very few extraterrestrial environments. Previous examples of independent subsurface ecosystems have been found only in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> aquifers. Such lithotrophic microbial ecosystems (LME) have been proposed as models for steps in the early evolution of Earth's biosphere and for potential biospheres on other planets where the surface is uninhabitable, such as Mars and Europa.. The Mars Analog Rio Tinto Experiment (MARTE) has searched in a volcanic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit in Rio Tinto Spain for a subsurface biosphere capable of living without sunlight or oxygen and found a subsurface ecosystem driven by the weathering of the massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit (VMS) in which the rock matrix provides sufficient resources to support microbial metabolism, including the vigorous production of H2 by water-rock interactions. Microbial production of methane and sulfate occurred in the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> orebody and microbial production of methane and hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> continued in an anoxic plume downgradient from the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ore. Organic carbon concentrations in the parent rock were too low to support microbes. The Rio Tinto system thus represents a new type of subsurface ecosystem with strong relevance for exobiological studies. Commercial drilling was used to reach the aquifer system at 100 m depth and conventional laboratory techniques were used to identify and characterize the biosphere. Then, the life search strategy that led to successful identification of this biosphere was applied to the development of a robotic drilling, core handling, inspection, subsampling, and life detection system built on a prototype planetary lander that was deployed in Rio Tinto Spain in September 2005 to test the capability of a robotic drilling system to search for subsurface life. A remote science team directed the simulation and analyzed the data from the MARTE robotic drill. The results</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeCoA.159...16W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeCoA.159...16W"><span>Distribution and solubility limits of trace elements in hydrothermal black smoker <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>: An in-situ LA-ICP-MS study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser, Cora C.; Viljoen, Fanus; Petersen, Sven; Vorster, Clarisa</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The key for understanding the trace metal inventory of currently explored VHMS deposits lies in the understanding of trace element distribution during the formation of these deposits on the seafloor. Recrystallization processes already occurring at the seafloor might liberate trace elements to later hydrothermal alteration and removement. To investigate the distribution and redistribution of trace elements we analyzed <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals from 27 black smoker samples derived from three different seafloor hydrothermal fields: the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span>-hosted Turtle Pits field on the mid-atlantic ridge, and the felsic-hosted PACMANUS field in the Manus basin (Papua New Guinea). The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> samples were analyzed by mineral liberation analyser for the modal abundances of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals, by electron microprobe for major elements and by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for As, Sb, Se, Te, and Au. The samples consist predominantly of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, galena and minor isocubanite as well as inclusions of tetrahedrite-tennantite. Laser ablation spectra were used to evaluate the solubility limits of trace elements in different <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals at different textures. The solubility of As, Sb, and Au in pyrite decreases with increasing degree of recrystallization. When solubility limits are reached these elements occur as inclusions in the different <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phases or they are expelled from the mineral phase. Most ancient VHMS deposits represent felsic or bimodal felsic compositions. Samples from the felsic-hosted PACMANUS hydrothermal field at the Pual ridge (Papua New Guinea) show high concentrations of Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Hg, and Te, which is likely the result of an additional trace element contribution derived from magmatic volatiles. Co-precipitating pyrite and chalcopyrite are characterized by equal contents of Te, while chalcopyrite that replaced pyrite (presumably</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.P31A2031L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.P31A2031L"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span>: Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lim, D. S. S.; Abercromby, A.; Kobs-Nawotniak, S. E.; Kobayashi, L.; Hughes, S. S.; Chappell, S.; Bramall, N. E.; Deans, M. C.; Heldmann, J. L.; Downs, M.; Cockell, C. S.; Stevens, A. H.; Caldwell, B.; Hoffman, J.; Vadhavk, N.; Marquez, J.; Miller, M.; Squyres, S. W.; Lees, D. S.; Fong, T.; Cohen, T.; Smith, T.; Lee, G.; Frank, J.; Colaprete, A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>This presentation will provide an overview of the <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains) program. <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> research addresses Science, Science Operations, and Technology. Specifically, <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> is focused on the investigation of terrestrial volcanic terrains and their habitability as analog environments for early and present-day Mars. Our scientific fieldwork is conducted under simulated Mars mission constraints to evaluate strategically selected concepts of operations (ConOps) and capabilities with respect to their anticipated value for the joint human and robotic exploration of Mars. a) Science: The <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> science program is focused on understanding habitability conditions of early and present-day Mars in two relevant Mars-analog locations (the Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) and the East Rift Zone (ERZ) flows on the Big Island of Hawai'i and the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) in Idaho) to characterize and compare the physical and geochemical conditions of life in these environments and to learn how to seek, identify, and characterize life and life-related chemistry in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> environments representing these two epochs of martian history. b) Science Operations: The <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> team will conduct real (non-simulated) biological and geological science at two high-fidelity Mars analogs, all within simulated Mars mission conditions (including communication latencies and bandwidth constraints) that are based on current architectural assumptions for Mars exploration missions. We will identify which human-robotic ConOps and supporting capabilities enable science return and discovery. c) Technology: <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> will incorporate and evaluate technologies in to our field operations that are directly relevant to conducting the scientific investigations regarding life and life-related chemistry in Mars-analogous terrestrial environments. <span class="hlt">BASALT</span> technologies include the use of mobile science platforms, extravehicular informatics, display technologies, communication</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016996','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016996"><span>East Mariana Basin tholeiites: Cretaceous intraplate <span class="hlt">basalts</span> or rift <span class="hlt">basalts</span> related to the Ontong Java plume?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Castillo, P.R.; Pringle, M.S.; Carlson, R.W.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Studies of seafloor magnetic anomaly patterns suggest the presence of Jurassic oceanic crust in a large area in the western Pacific that includes the East Mariana, Nauru and Pigafetta Basins. Sampling of the igneous crust in this area by the Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) and the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) allows direct evaluation of the age and petrogenesis of this crust. ODP Leg 129 drilled a 51 m sequence of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> pillows and massive flows in the central East Mariana Basin. 40Ar 39Ar ages determined in this study for two Leg 129 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> average 114.6 ?? 3.2 Ma. This age is in agreement with the Albian-late Aptian paleontologic age of the overlying sediments, but is distinctively younger than the Jurassic age predicted by magnetic anomaly patterns in the basin. Compositionally, the East Mariana Basin <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are uniformly low-K tholeiites that are depleted in highly incompatible elements compared to moderately incompatible ones, which is typical of mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (MORB) erupted near hotspots. The Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of the tholeiites ( 87Sr 86Srinit = 0.70360-0.70374; 143Nd 144Ndinit = 0.512769-0.512790; 206Pb 204Pbmeas = 18.355-18.386) also overlap with some Indian Ocean Ridge MORB, although they are distinct from the isotopic compositions of Jurassic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> drilled in the Pigafetta Basin, the oldest Pacific MORB. The isotopic compositions of the East Mariana Basin tholeiites are also similar to those of intraplate <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and in particular, to the isotopic signature of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the nearby Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus. The East Mariana Basin tholeiites also share many petrologic and isotopic characteristics with the oceanic basement drilled in the Nauru Basin at DSDP Site 462. In addition, the new 110.8 ?? 1.0 Ma 40Ar 39Ar age for two flows from the bottom of Site 462 in the Nauru Basin is indistinguishable from the age of the East Mariana Basin flows. Thus, while magnetic anomaly patterns predict that the igneous</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060009026','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060009026"><span>Ibitira: A <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> achondrite from a distinct parent asteroid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mittlefehldt, David W.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>I have done detailed petrologic study of Ibitira, nominally classified as a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eucrite. The Fe/Mn ratio of Ibitira pyroxenes with <10 mole % wollastonite component is 36.4 0.4, and is well-resolved from those of five <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eucrites studied for comparison; 31.2-32.2. Data for the latter completely overlap. Ibitira pyroxenes have lower Fe/Mg than the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eucrite pyroxenes. Thus, the higher Fe/Mn ratio does not reflect a simple difference in oxidation state. Ibitira also has an oxygen isotopic composition, alkali element contents and a Ti/Hf ratio that distinguish it from <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eucrites. These differences support derivation from a distinct parent asteroid. Ibitira is the first recognized representative of the fifth known asteroidal <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> crust.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T33C2423L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.T33C2423L"><span>Shear enhanced compaction in a porous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> from San Miguel Island, Azores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Loaiza, S.; Fortin, J.; Schubnel, A. J.; Vinciguerra, S.; Moreira, M.; Gueguen, Y.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> rocks are the main component of the oceanic upper crust. This is of potential interest for water and geothermal resources, or for storage of CO2. The aim of our work is to investigate experimentally the mechanical behavior and the failure modes of porous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as well its permeability evolution during deformation. Cylindrical <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples, from the Azores, of 30 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length were deformed the triaxial cell at room temperature and at a constant axial strain rate of 10-5 s-1. The initial porosity of the sample was 18%. In our study, a set of experiments were performed at confining pressure in the range of 25-290 MPa. The samples were deformed under <span class="hlt">saturated</span> conditions at a constant pore pressure of 5MPa. Two volumetric pumps kept the pore pressure constant, and the pore volume variations were recorded. The evolution of the porosity was calculated from the total volume variation inside the volumetric pumps. Permeability measurements were performed using the steady-state technique. Our result shows that two modes of deformation can be highlighted in this <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. At low confining pressure (Pc < 50 MPa), the differential stress attains a peak before the sample undergoes strain softening; failure occurs by shear localization. The experiments performed at confining pressure higher than 50 MPa, show a totally different mode of deformation. In this second mode of deformation, an appreciable inelastic porosity reduction is observed. Comparing to the hydrostatic loading, the rock sample started to compact beyond a critical stress state; and from then, strain hardening, with stress drops are observed. Such a behavior is characteristic of the formation of compaction localization, due to grain crushing and pore collapse. In addition, this inelastic compaction is accompanied by a decrease of permeability, indicating that these compaction bands or zones act as barrier for fluid flow, in agreement with observations done in sandstone. Further</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JESS..121..525N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JESS..121..525N"><span>Mineral chemistry of Pangidi <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows from Andhra Pradesh</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nageswara Rao, P. V.; Swaroop, P. C.; Karimulla, Syed</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>This paper elucidates the compositional studies on clinopyroxene, plagioclase, titaniferous magnetite and ilmenite of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of Pangidi area to understand the geothermometry and oxybarometry conditions. Petrographic evidence and anorthite content (up to 85%) of plagioclase and temperature estimates of clinopyroxene indicate that the clinopyroxene is crystallized later than or together with plagioclase. The higher An content indicates that the parent magma is tholeiitic composition. The equilibration temperatures of clinopyroxene (1110-1190°C) and titaniferous magnetite and ilmenite coexisting mineral phases (1063-1103°C) are almost similar in lower <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow and it is higher for clinopyroxene (900-1110°C) when compared to titaniferous magnetite and ilmenite coexisting mineral phases (748-898°C) in middle and upper <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows. From this it can be inferred that the clinopyroxene is crystallized earlier than Fe-Ti oxide phases reequilibration, which indicates that the clinopyroxene temperature is the approximate eruption temperature of the present lava flows. The wide range of temperatures (900-1190°C) attained by clinopyroxene may point out that the equilibration of clinopyroxene crystals initiated from depth till closer to the surface before the melt erupted. Pangidi <span class="hlt">basalts</span> follow the QFM buffer curve which indicates the more evolved tholeiitic composition. This suggests the parent tholeiitic magma suffered limited fractionation at high temperature under increasing oxygen fugacity in lower <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow and more fractionation at medium to lower temperatures under decreasing oxygen fugacity conditions during cooling of middle and upper <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows. The variation of oxygen fugacity indicates the oxidizing conditions for lower <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow (9.48-10.3) and extremely reducing conditions for middle (12.1-15.5) and upper <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (12.4-15.54) flows prevailed at the time of cooling. Temperature vs. (FeO+Fe2O3)/(FeO+Fe2O3 +MgO) data plots for present <span class="hlt">basalts</span> suggested</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6495577-germanium-abundances-lunar-basalts-evidence-mantle-metasomatism','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6495577-germanium-abundances-lunar-basalts-evidence-mantle-metasomatism"><span>Germanium abundances in lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span>: Evidence of mantle metasomatism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dickinson, T.; Taylor, G.J.; Keil, T.K.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>To fill in gaps in the present Ge data base, mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were analyzed for Ge and other elements by RNAA and INAA. Mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Apollo 11, 12, 15, 17 landing sites are rather uniform in Ge abundance, but Apollo 14 aluminous mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and KREEP are enriched in Ge by factors of up to 300 compared to typical mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. These Ge enrichments are not associated with other siderophile element enrichments and, thus, are not due to differences in the amount of metal segregated during core formation. Based on crystal-chemical and inter-element variations, it does not appear thatmore » the observed Ge enrichments are due to silicate liquid immiscibility. Elemental ratios in Apollo 14 aluminous mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, green and orange glass, average <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and KREEP suggest that incorporation of late accreting material into the source regions or interaction of the magmas with primitive undifferentiated material is not a likely cause for the observed Ge enrichments. We speculate that the most plausible explanation for these Ge enrichments is complexing and concentration of Ge by F, Cl or S in volatile phases. In this manner, the KREEP <span class="hlt">basalt</span> source regions may have been metasomatized and Apollo 14 aluminous mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magmas may have become enriched in Ge by interacting with these metasomatized areas. The presence of volatile- and Ge-rich regions in the Moon suggests that the Moon was never totally molten. 71 refs., 1 fig., 6 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.808 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.808 Section 250.808 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL... § 250.808 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Production operations in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.808 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.808 Section 250.808 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL... § 250.808 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Production operations in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.808 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.808 Section 250.808 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL... § 250.808 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Production operations in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023829','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023829"><span>Volatiles in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses from a subglacial volcano in northern British Columbia (Canada): Implications for ice sheet thickness and mantle volatiles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dixon, J.E.; Filiberto, J.R.; Moore, J.G.; Hickson, C.J.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Dissolved H2O, CO2, S and Cl concentrations were measured in glasses from Tanzilla Mountain, a 500 m-high, exposed subglacial volcano from the Tuya-Teslin region, north central British Columbia, Canada. The absence of a flat-topped subaerial lava cap and the dominance of pillows and pillow breccias imply that the Tanzilla Mountain volcanic edifice did not reach a subaerial eruptive phase. Lavas are dominantly tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> with minor amounts of alkalic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> erupted at the summit and near the base. Tholeiites have roughly constant H2O (c.0.56 ?? 0.07 wt%), CO2 (<30 ppm), S (980 ?? 30 ppm) and Cl (200 ?? 20 ppm) concentrations. Alkalic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have higher and more variable volatile concentrations that decrease with increasing elevation (0.62-0.92 wt% H2O, <30 ppm CO2, 870-1110 ppm S and 280-410 ppm Cl) consistent with eruptive degassing. Calculated vapour <span class="hlt">saturation</span> pressures for the alkalic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are 36 to 81 bars corresponding to ice thicknesses of 400 to 900 m. Maximum calculated ice thickness (c. 1 km) is at the lower end of the range of predicted maximum Fraser glaciation (c. 1-2 km), and may indicate initiation of volcanism during the waning stages of glaciation. Temporal evolution from tholeiitic to alkalic compositions may reflect compositional gradients within a melting column, instead of convective processes within a stratified magma chamber. The mantle source region for the subglacial volcanoes is enriched in incompatible elements similar to that for enriched mid-oceanic ridge <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (e.g. Endeavour Ridge) and does not contain residual amphibole. Thus, metasomatic enrichment most likely reflects small degree partial melts rather than hydrous fluids.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...71a2015O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...71a2015O"><span>Study on <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber parameters affecting fiber-reinforced mortar</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Orlov, A. A.; Chernykh, T. N.; Sashina, A. V.; Bogusevich, D. V.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This article considers the effect of different dosages and diameters of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers on tensile strength increase during bending of fiberboard-reinforced mortar samples. The optimal dosages of fiber, providing maximum strength in bending are revealed. The durability of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber in an environment of cement, by means of microscopic analysis of samples of fibers and fiberboard-reinforced mortar long-term tests is examined. The article also compares the behavior of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber in the cement stone environment to a glass one and reveals that the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber is not subject to destruction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993E%26PSL.120..149R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993E%26PSL.120..149R"><span>Os isotope systematics in ocean island <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reisberg, Laurie; Zindler, Alan; Marcantonio, Franco; White, William; Wyman, Derek; Weaver, Barry</p> <p>1993-12-01</p> <p>New Re-Os isotopic results for Os-poor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from St. Helena, the Comores, Samoa, Pitcairn and Kerguelen dramatically expand the known range of initial Os-186/Os-187 ratios in Ocean Island <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> (OIBs) to values as high as 1.7. In contrast to the Os isotopic uniformity of Os-rich <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the HIMU islands of Tubuai and Mangaia found by Hauri and Hart, our values for St. Helena span most of the known range of Os isotopic variability in oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (initial O-187/Os-186 ranges from 1.2 to 1.7). Generation of such radiogenic Os in the mantle requires melting of source materials that contain large proportions of recycled oceanic crust. The very low Os concentrations of most of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> analyzed here, however, leave them susceptible to modification via interaction with materials containing radiogenic Os in the near-surface environment. Thus the high Os-186/Os-187 ratios may result from assimilation of radiogenic Os-rich marine sediments, such as Mn oxides, within the volcanic piles traversed by these magmas en route to the surface. Furthermore, the Os isotopic signatures of Os-rich, olivine-laden OIBs may reflect the accumulation of lithospheric olivine, rather than simply their mantle source characteristics. The extent to which these processes alter the view of the mantle obtained via study of Re-Os systematics in oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is uncertain. These effects must be quantified before Re-Os systematics in OIBs can be used with confidence to investigate the nature of mantle heterogeneity and its causes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013141','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013141"><span>Lu-Hf AND Sm-Nd EVOLUTION IN LUNAR MARE <span class="hlt">BASALTS</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Unruh, D.M.; Stille, P.; Patchett, P.J.; Tatsumoto, M.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd data for mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> combined with Rb-Sr and total REE data taken from the literature suggest that the mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were derived by small ( less than equivalent to 10%) degrees of partial melting of cumulate sources, but that the magma ocean from which these sources formed was light REE and hf-enriched. Calculated source compositions range from lherzolite to olivine websterite. Nonmodal melting of small amounts of ilmenite ( less than equivalent to 3%) in the sources seems to be required by the Lu/Hf data. A comparison of the Hf and Nd isotopic characteristics between the mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and terrestrial oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> reveals that the epsilon Hf/ epsilon Nd ratios in low-Ti mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are much higher than in terrestrial ocean <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985EOSTr..66..537Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985EOSTr..66..537Z"><span>Continental <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> and Mantle Xenoliths</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zartman, Robert E.</p> <p></p> <p>In this decade of the International Lithosphere Program, much scientific attention is being directed toward the deep continental crust and subadjacent mantle. The petrologic, geochemical, and isotopic signatures of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas, which transect much of the lithosphere as they ascend from their site of melting, and of contained cognate and accidental xenoliths, which are found along the path of ascent, give us, perhaps, the best clues to composition and structure in the third dimension. Continental <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> and Mantle Xenoliths provides an opportunity to sample the British school of thought on subjects such as differences between oceanic and continental <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, effects of mantle metasomatism, and relationships between events in the subcontinental mantle and those in the overlying crust. This volume is recommended by the publisher as being of interest to senior undergraduates and postgraduate researchers; I would extend that readership to all scientists who seek access to a potpourri of recent findings and current ideas in a rapidly evolving field of research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016LPICo1921.6391B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016LPICo1921.6391B"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span>-Trachybasalt Fractionation in Gale Crater, Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bridges, J. C.; Edwards, P. H.; Filiberto, J.; Schwenzer, S. P.; Gasda, P.; Wiens, R.</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>A set of igneous float rocks in Gale Crater have been analysed by ChemCam. They are <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-trachybasalts, 47 to 53 ± 5 wt% SiO2 and formed by ol-dominated crystal fractionation from an Adirondack type <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, in magmatism with tholeiitic affinities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.504 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.504 Section 250.504... OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Well-Completion Operations § 250.504 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-completion operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.604 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.604 Section 250.604... OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Well-Workover Operations § 250.604 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-workover operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000121326&hterms=Diversification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DDiversification','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000121326&hterms=Diversification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DDiversification"><span>The Evolution of <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Tolerance in the Cyanobacteria</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Miller, Scott R.; Bebout, Brad M.; DeVincenzi, Donald L. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Understanding how the function of extant microorganisms has recorded both their evolutionary histories and their past interactions with the environment is a stated goal of astrobiology. We are taking a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the diversification of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance mechanisms in the cyanobacteria, which vary both in their degree of exposure to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and in their capacity to tolerate this inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. Since conditions were very reducing during the first part of Earth's history and detrital <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> have been found in Archean sediments, mechanisms conferring <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance may have been important for the evolutionary success of the ancestors of extant cyanobacteria. Two tolerance mechanisms have been identified in this group: (1) resistance of photosystem II, the principal target of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> toxicity; and (2) maintenance of the ability to fix carbon despite photosystem II inhibition by utilizing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> as an electron donor in photosystem I - dependent, anoxygenic photosynthesis. We are presently collecting comparative data on aspects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> physiology for laboratory clones isolated from a variety of habitats. These data will be analyzed within a phylogenetic framework inferred from molecular sequence data collected for these clones to test how frequently different mechanisms of tolerance have evolved and which tolerance mechanism evolved first. In addition, by analyzing these physiological data together with environmental <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> data collected from our research sites using microelectrodes, we can also test whether the breadth of an organism's <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance can be predicted from the magnitude of variation in environmental <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentration it has experienced in its recent evolutionary past and whether greater average <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentration and/or temporal variability in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> favors the evolution of a particular mechanism of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.808 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.808 Section 250.808... OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Production Safety Systems § 250.808 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Production operations in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.504 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.504 Section 250.504...-Completion Operations § 250.504 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-completion operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.604 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.604 Section 250.604...-Workover Operations § 250.604 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-workover operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GMS...188..321F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GMS...188..321F"><span>Geodiversity of hydrothermal processes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and ultramafic-hosted mineralization: A new type of oceanic Cu-Zn-Co-Au volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fouquet, Yves; Cambon, Pierre; Etoubleau, Joël; Charlou, Jean Luc; Ondréas, Hélène; Barriga, Fernando J. A. S.; Cherkashov, Georgy; Semkova, Tatiana; Poroshina, Irina; Bohn, M.; Donval, Jean Pierre; Henry, Katell; Murphy, Pamela; Rouxel, Olivier</p> <p></p> <p>Several hydrothermal deposits associated with ultramafic rocks have recently been found along slow spreading ridges with a low magmatic budget. Three preferential settings are identified: (1) rift valley walls near the amagmatic ends of ridge segments; (2) nontransform offsets; and (3) ultramafic domes at inside corners of ridge transform-fault intersections. The exposed mantle at these sites is often interpreted to be a detachment fault. Hydrothermal cells in ultramafic rocks may be driven by regional heat flow, cooling gabbroic intrusions, and exothermic heat produced during serpentinization. Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), hydrothermal deposits in ultramafic rocks include the following: (1) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mounds related to high-temperature low-pH fluids (Logatchev, Rainbow, and Ashadze); (2) carbonate chimneys related to low-temperature, high-pH fluids (Lost City); (3) low-temperature diffuse venting and high-methane discharge associated with silica, minor <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, manganese oxides, and pervasive alteration (Saldanha); and (4) stockwork quartz veins with <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> at the base of detachment faults (15°05'N). These settings are closely linked to preferential circulation of fluid along permeable detachment faults. Compared to mineralization in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> environments, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits associated with ultramafic rocks are enriched in Cu, Zn, Co, Au, and Ni. Gold has a bimodal distribution in low-temperature Zn-rich and in high-temperature Cu-rich mineral assemblages. The Cu-Zn-Co-Au deposits along the MAR seem to be more abundant than in ophiolites on land. This may be because ultramafic-hosted volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits on slow spreading ridges are usually not accreted to continental margins during obduction and may constitute a specific marine type of mineralization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720034603&hterms=colorimetry&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcolorimetry','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720034603&hterms=colorimetry&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcolorimetry"><span>Geochemistry of Apollo 15 <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 15555 and soil 15531.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schnetzler, C. C.; Philpotts, J. A.; Nava, D. F.; Schuhmann, S.; Thomas, H. H.</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>Data are presented on major and trace element concentrations determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, colorimetry, and isotope dilution in Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 15555 from the Hadley Rille area, as well as on trace element concentrations determined in plagioclase and pyroxene separates from <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 15555 and in soil 15531 from the same area. Most of the chemical differences between <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 15555 and soil 15531 could be accounted for if the soil were a mixture of 88% <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, 6% KREEP (a component, identified in other Apollo soils, rich in potassium, rare-earth elements, and phosphorus), and 6% plagioclase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25747480','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25747480"><span>Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gemici, Burcu; Wallace, John L</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is an endogenous gaseous mediator that plays important roles in many physiological processes in microbes, plants, and animals. This chapter focuses on the important roles of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in protecting tissues against injury, promoting the repair of damage, and downregulating the inflammatory responses. The chapter focuses largely, but not exclusively, on these roles of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the gastrointestinal tract. Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is produced throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and it contributes to maintenance of mucosal integrity. Suppression of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> synthesis renders the tissue more susceptible to injury and it impairs repair. In contrast, administration of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> donors can increase resistance to injury and accelerate repair. Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> synthesis is rapidly and dramatically enhanced in the gastrointestinal tract after injury is induced. These increases occur specifically at the site of tissue injury. Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> also plays an important role in promoting resolution of inflammation, and restoration of normal tissue function. In recent years, these beneficial actions of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> have provided the basis for development of novel hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-releasing drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that release small amounts of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> are among the most advanced of the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-based drugs. Unlike the parent drugs, these modified drugs do not cause injury in the gastrointestinal tract, and do not interfere with healing of preexisting damage. Because of the increased safety profile of these drugs, they can be used in circumstances in which the toxicity of the parent drug would normally limit their use, such as in chemoprevention of cancer. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128916&keyword=programming&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128916&keyword=programming&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>NEAR-CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF HYDROGEN <span class="hlt">SULFIDE</span> AND CARBONYL <span class="hlt">SULFIDE</span> BY AN AUTOMATIC GAS CHROMATOGRAPH</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>An automatic gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector that samples and analyzes hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> at 30-s intervals is described. Temperature programming was used to elute trace amounts of carbon disulfide present in each injection from a Supelpak-S...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070034435&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070034435&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>Sulfur <span class="hlt">Saturation</span> Limits in Silicate Melts and their Implications for Core Formation Scenarios for Terrestrial Planets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Holzheid, Astrid; Grove, Timothy L.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>This study explores the controls of temperature, pressure, and silicate melt composition on S solubility in silicate liquids. The solubility of S in FeO-containing silicate melts in equilibrium with metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> increases significantly with increasing temperature but decreases with increasing pressure. The silicate melt structure also exercises a control on S solubility. Increasing the degree of polymerization of the silicate melt structure lowers the S solubility in the silicate liquid. The new set of experimental data is used to expand the model of Mavrogenes and O'Neill(1999) for S solubility in silicate liquids by incorporating the influence of the silicate melt structure. The expected S solubility in the ascending magma is calculated using the expanded model. Because the negative pressure dependence of S solubility is more influential than the positive temperature dependence, decompression and adiabatic ascent of a formerly S-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> silicate magma will lead to S undersaturation. A primitive magma that is S-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> in its source region will, therefore, become S-undersaturated as it ascends to shallower depth. In order to precipitate magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, the magma must first cool and undergo fractional crystallization to reach S <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. The S content in a metallic liquid that is in equilibrium with a magma ocean that contains approx. 200 ppm S (i.e., Earth's bulk mantle S content) ranges from 5.5 to 12 wt% S. This range of S values encompasses the amount of S (9 to 12 wt%) that would be present in the outer core if S is the light element. Thus, the Earth's proto-mantle could be in equilibrium (in terms of the preserved S abundance) with a core-forming metallic phase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26870029','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26870029"><span>Radiolytic Hydrogen Production in the Subseafloor <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Aquifer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dzaugis, Mary E; Spivack, Arthur J; Dunlea, Ann G; Murray, Richard W; D'Hondt, Steven</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Hydrogen (H2) is produced in geological settings by dissociation of water due to radiation from radioactive decay of naturally occurring uranium ((238)U, (235)U), thorium ((232)Th) and potassium ((40)K). To quantify the potential significance of radiolytic H2 as an electron donor for microbes within the South Pacific subseafloor <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> aquifer, we use radionuclide concentrations of 43 <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples from IODP Expedition 329 to calculate radiolytic H2 production rates in basement fractures. The samples are from three sites with very different basement ages and a wide range of alteration types. U, Th, and K concentrations vary by up to an order of magnitude from sample to sample at each site. Comparison of our samples to each other and to the results of previous studies of unaltered East Pacific Rise <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suggests that significant variations in radionuclide concentrations are due to differences in initial (unaltered <span class="hlt">basalt</span>) concentrations (which can vary between eruptive events) and post-emplacement alteration. However, there is no clear relationship between alteration type and calculated radiolytic yields. Local maxima in U, Th, and K produce hotspots of H2 production, causing calculated radiolytic rates to differ by up to a factor of 80 from sample to sample. Fracture width also greatly influences H2 production, where microfractures are hotspots for radiolytic H2 production. For example, H2 production rates normalized to water volume are 190 times higher in 1 μm wide fractures than in fractures that are 10 cm wide. To assess the importance of water radiolysis for microbial communities in subseafloor <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> aquifers, we compare electron transfer rates from radiolysis to rates from iron oxidation in subseafloor <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Radiolysis appears likely to be a more important electron donor source than iron oxidation in old (>10 Ma) basement <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Radiolytic H2 production in the volume of water adjacent to a square cm of the most radioactive SPG <span class="hlt">basalt</span> may support as</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970022398','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970022398"><span>An Apollo 15 Mare <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Fragment and Lunar Mare Provinces</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ryder, Graham; Burling, Trina Cox</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Lunar sample 15474,4 is a tiny fragment of olivine-augite vitrophyre that is a mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Although petroraphically distinct from all other Apollo 15 samples, it has been ignored since its first brief description. Our new petrographic and mineral chemical data show that the olivines and pyroxenes are distinct from those in other <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> cooled and solidified extremely rapidly; some of the olivine might be cumulate or crystallized prior to extrusion. Bulk-chemical data show that the sample is probably similar to an evolved Apollo 15 olivine-normative <span class="hlt">basalt</span> in major elements but is distinct in its rare earth element pattern. Its chemical composition and petrography both show that 15474,4 cannot be derived from other Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> by shallow-level crystal fractionation. It represents a distinct extrusion of magma. Nonetheless, the chemical features that 15474,4 has in common with other Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, including the high FeO/Sc, the general similarity of the rare earth element pattern, and the common (and chondritic) TiO2/Sm ratio, emphasize the concept of a geochemical province at the Apollo 15 site that is distinct from <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and provinces elsewhere. In making a consistent picture for the derivation of all of the Apollo 15 <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, both the commonalities and the differences among the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> must be explained. The Apollo 15 commonalities and differences suggest that the sources must have consisted of major silicate phases with the same composition but with varied amounts of a magma trapped from a contemporary magma ocean. They probably had a high olivine/pyroxene ratio and underwent small and reasonably consistent degrees of partial melting to produce the <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. These inferences may be inconsistent with models that suggest greatly different depths of melting among <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, primitive sources for the green glasses, or extensive olivine fractionation during ascent. An integrated approach to lunar mare provinces, of which the Apollo 15</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.504 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.504 Section 250.504... § 250.504 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-completion operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in § 250.490 of this...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.604 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.604 Section 250.604... § 250.604 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-workover operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in § 250.490 of this...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.504 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.504 Section 250.504... § 250.504 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-completion operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in § 250.490 of this...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title30-vol2-sec250-504.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.504 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.504 Section 250.504... § 250.504 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-completion operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in § 250.490 of this...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.604 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.604 Section 250.604... § 250.604 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-workover operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in § 250.490 of this...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title30-vol2-sec250-604.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.604 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.604 Section 250.604... § 250.604 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. When a well-workover operation is conducted in zones known to contain hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) or in zones where the presence of H2S is unknown (as defined in § 250.490 of this...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V51C2688M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V51C2688M"><span>Co-settling of Chromite and <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Melt Droplets and Trace Element Partitioning between <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> and Silicate Melts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Manoochehri, S.; Schmidt, M. W.; Guenther, D.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Gravitational settling of immiscible, dense <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt droplets together with other cumulate phases such as chromite, combined with downward percolation of these droplets through a cumulate pile, is thought to be one of the possible processes leading to the formation of PGE rich <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits in layered mafic intrusions. Furthermore some chromitite seams in the Merensky Reef (Bushveld Complex) are considered to be acting as a filter or barrier for further downward percolation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts into footwall layers. To investigate the feasibility of such mechanical processes and to study the partitioning behavior of 50 elements including transition metals and REEs (but not PGEs) between a silicate and a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt, two separate series of high temperature (1250-1380 °C) centrifuge-assisted experiments at 1000 g, 0.4-0.6 GPa were conducted. A synthetic silicate glass with a composition representative of the parental magma of the Bushveld Complex (~ 55 wt% SiO2) was mixed with pure FeS powder. For the first series of experiments, 15 or 25 wt% natural chromite with average grain sizes of ~ 5 or 31 μm were added to a mixture of silicate glass and FeS (10 wt%) adding 1 wt% water. For the second series, a mixture of the same glass and FeS was doped with 50 trace elements. These mixtures were first statically equilibrated and then centrifuged. In the first experimental series, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt droplets settled together with, but did not segregate from chromite grains even after centrifugation at 1000 g for 12 hours. A change in initial chromite grain size and proportions didn't have any effect on segregation. Without chromite, the starting mixture resulted in the formation of large <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt pools together with finer droplets still disseminated through the silicate glass and both at the bottom of the capsule. The incomplete segregation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt is interpreted as being due to high interfacial energies between <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and silicate melts/crystals which hinder</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040075002','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040075002"><span>Petrogenesis of Mare <span class="hlt">Basalts</span>, Mg-Rich Suites and SNC Parent Magmas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hess, Paul C.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The successful models for the internal evolution of the Moon must consider the volume, distribution, timing, composition and, ultimately, the petrogenesis of mare <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanism. Indeed, given the paucity of geophysical data, the internal state of the Moon in the past can be gleaned only be unraveling the petrogenesis of the various igneous products on the Moon and, particularly, the mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. most useful in constraining the depth and composition of their source region [Delano, 1980] despite having undergone a certain degree of shallow level olivine crystallization.The bulk of the lunar volcanic glass suite can be modeled as the partial melting products of an olivine + orthopyroxene source region deep within the lunar mantle. Ti02 contents vary from 0.2 wt % -1 7.0wt [Shearer and Papike, 1993]. Values that extreme would seem to require a Ti- bearing phase such as ilmenite in the source of the high-Ti (but not in the VLT source) because a source region of primitive LMO olivine and orthopyroxene, even when melted in small degrees cannot account for the observed range of Ti02 compositions. The picritic glasses are undersaturated with respect to ilmenite at all pressures investigated therefore ilmenite must have been consumed during melting, leaving an ilmenite free residue and an undersaturated melt [Delano, 1980, Longhi, 1992, Elkins et al, 2000 among others]. Multi- <span class="hlt">saturation</span> pressures for the glasses potentially represent the last depths at which the liquids equilibrated with a harzburgite residue before ascending to the surface. These occur at great depths within the lunar mantle. Because the liquids have suffered some amount of crystal fractionation, this is at best a minimum depth. If the melts are mixtures, then it is only an average depth of melting. Multisaturation, nevertheless, is still a strong constraint on source mineralogy, revealing that the generation of the lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span> was dominated by melting of olivine and orthopyroxene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6741932-lu-hf-sm-nd-evolution-lunar-mare-basalts','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6741932-lu-hf-sm-nd-evolution-lunar-mare-basalts"><span>Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd evolution in lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Unruh, D.M.; Stille, P.; Patchett, P.J.</p> <p>1984-02-15</p> <p>Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd data for mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> combined with Rb-Sr and total REE data taken from the literature suggest that the mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were derived by small (< or =10%) degrees of partial melting of cumulate sources, but that the magma ocean from which these sources formed was light REE and Hf-enriched. Calculated source compositions range fromm lherzolite to olivine websterite. Nonmodal melting of small amounts of ilmenite (< or =3%) in the sources seems to be required by the Lu/Hf data. A comparison of the Hf and Nd isotopic characteristics between the mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and terrestrial oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> revealsmore » that the epsilonHf/epsilonNd ratios of low-Ti mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are much higher than in terrestrial oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The results are qualitatively consistent with the hypothesis that terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sources are partial melt residues whereas mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sources are cumulates. Alternatively, the results may imply that the terrestrial mantle has evolved in two (or more) stages of evolution, and that the net effect was depletion of the mantle during the first approx.1-3 b.y. followed by enrichment during the last 1-2 b.y.; or simply that there is a difference in Lu-Hf crystal-liquid partitioning (relative to Sm-Nd) between the lunar and terrestrial mantles.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030169','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030169"><span>Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Johnson, J. R.; Staid, M.I.; Kraft, M.D.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>New measurements of thermal infrared emission spectra (250-1400 cm-1; ???7-40 ??m) of experimentally shocked <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> andesite (17-56 GPa) exhibit changes in spectral features with increasing pressure consistent with changes in the structure of plagioclase feldspars. Major spectral absorptions in unshocked rocks between 350-700 cm-1 (due to Si-O-Si octahedral bending vibrations) and between 1000-1250 cm-1 (due to Si-O antisymmetric stretch motions of the silica tetrahedra) transform at pressures >20-25 GPa to two broad spectral features centered near 950-1050 and 400-450 cm-1. Linear deconvolution models using spectral libraries composed of common mineral and glass spectra replicate the spectra of shocked <span class="hlt">basalt</span> relatively well up to shock pressures of 20-25 GPa, above which model errors increase substantially, coincident with the onset of diaplectic glass formation in plagioclase. Inclusion of shocked feldspar spectra in the libraries improves fits for more highly shocked <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. However, deconvolution models of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> andesite select shocked feldspar end-members even for unshocked samples, likely caused by the higher primary glass content in the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> andesite sample.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.B13J..08S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.B13J..08S"><span>Genomic evidence for the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for carbon fixation in warm <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> ocean crust</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smith, A. R.; Fisk, M. R.; Mueller, R.; Colwell, F. S.; Mason, O. U.; Popa, R.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Microbial life in the deep suboceanic aquifer can harness geochemical energy resulting from water-rock reactions and contribute to carbon cycling in the ocean via primary production, or chemosynthesis. Iron-bearing minerals such as olivine in oceanic crust can produce molecular hydrogen, small molecular weight hydrocarbons, and hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> as they react with seawater. Although this generally occurs in serpentinizing systems at very high temperatures deep in the subsurface, it has also been hypothesized to drive the subseafloor microbial ecosystems present in shallower <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> aquifers. We present genome-based evidence for chemolithoautotrophic microbes present on the surface of olivine incubated in Juan de Fuca Ridge <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> ocean crust for a 4-year period. These metagenome-derived genomes show dominant taxa capable of using both branches of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for carbon fixation and energy generation. This pathway uses molecular hydrogen potentially derived from the olivine surface as it reacts with seawater and CO2 which is inherent to seawater. These taxa were not reported from aquifer fluid samples, but have been found only in association with mineral surfaces in this study location. Most taxa in this simple community are distant relatives of cultured taxa; therefore this genome information is crucial to understanding how the subseafloor aquifer community is structured, how it obtains energy, how it cycles carbon, and gives us keys to help cultivate these organisms in the laboratory. Our findings also support the Subsurface Lithoautotrophic Microbial Ecosystem (SLiME) hypothesis and have implications for understanding life on early Earth and the potential for life in the Martian subsurface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V53E..07R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V53E..07R"><span>Equilibrium Tin Isotope Fractionation during Metal-<span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-Silicate Differentiation: A Nuclear Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roskosz, M.; Amet, Q.; Fitoussi, C.; Laporte, D.; Hu, M. Y.; Alp, E. E.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Metal-silicate differentiation was recently addressed through the insight of the isotopic composition of siderophile elements (mainly Fe, Si and Cr isotopes) of planetary and extraterrestrial bodies. A key limitation of this approach is however the knowledge of equilibrium fractionation factors between coexisting phases (metal alloys, silicates and <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>) used to interpret data on natural samples. These properties are difficult to determine experimentally. In this context, tin is generally classified as a chalcophile element but it is also siderophile and volatile. We applied a synchrotron-based method to circumvent difficulties related to determination of equilibrium isotope fractionation. The nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) was used to measure the phonon excitation spectrum and then to derive the force constant and finally the fractionation factors of Sn-bearing geomaterials. Spectroscopic measurements were carried out at room pressure at Sector 30-ID (APS, USA). A range of Fe-Ni alloys, rhyolitic and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses and iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> containing isotopically enriched 119Sn were synthesized. The tin content and the redox conditions prevailing during the synthesis were varied. The data evaluation was carried out using PHOENIX and SciPhon programs. A strong effect of both the redox state and the tin content was measured. In addition, the composition of the silicate glasses was found to be another important factor determining the tin isotope metal-silicate-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> fractionation factors. Our results are consistent with trends previously observed in the case of iron isotopes [1,2]. We will discuss the implications of our experimental results in terms of tin isotope planetary signatures. References: [1] Dauphas et al. (2014), EPSL, 398, 127-140; [2] Roskosz et al. (2015), GCA, 169, 184-199.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940011785','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940011785"><span>Petrologic models of 15388, a unique Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hughes, S. S.; Dasch, E. J.; Nyquist, L. E.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 15388, a feldspathic microgabbro from the Apennine Front, is chemically and petrographically distinct from Apollo 15 picritic, olivine-normative (ON), and quartz-normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The evolved chemistry, coarse texture, lack of olivine, and occurrence of cristobalite in 15388 argue for derivation by a late-stage magmatic process that is significantly removed from parental magma. It either crystallized from a magma evolved from the more mafic Apollo 15 <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, or it crystallized from a currently unrepresented magma. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic systematics yield isochron ages of 3.391 plus or minus 0.036 and 3.42 plus or minus 0.07 Ga, respectively, and epsilon(sub Nd) = 8.6 plus or minus 2.4, which is relatively high for Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. In contrast to chemical patterns of average Apollo 15 ON <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and Apollo 15 picritic <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, 15388 has a strongly positive LREE slope, high Ti, shallower HREE slope and a slightly positive Eu anomaly. These features argue against 15388 evolution by simple olivine fractionation of a parental ON or picritic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magma, although olivine is a dominant liquidus phase in both potential parents.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930067226&hterms=Paleobiology&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DPaleobiology','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930067226&hterms=Paleobiology&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DPaleobiology"><span>Flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and extinction events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Stothers, Richard B.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The largest known effusive eruptions during the Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eras, the voluminous flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, have long been suspected as being associated with major extinctions of biotic species. Despite the possible errors attached to the dates in both time series of events, the significance level of the suspected correlation is found here to be 1 percent to 4 percent. Statistically, extinctions lag eruptions by a mean time interval that is indistinguishable from zero, being much less than the average residual derived from the correlation analysis. Oceanic flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, however, must have had a different biological impact, which is still uncertain owing to the small number of known examples and differing physical factors. Although not all continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> can have produced major extinction events, the noncorrelating eruptions may have led to smaller marine extinction events that terminated at least some of the less catastrophically ending geologic stages. Consequently, the 26 Myr quasi-periodicity seen in major marine extinctions may be only a sampling effect, rather than a manifestation of underlying periodicity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017174','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017174"><span>A <span class="hlt">basalt</span> trigger for the 1991 eruptions of Pinatubo volcano?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pallister, J.S.; Hoblitt, R.P.; Reyes, A.G.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>THE eruptive products of calc-alkaline volcanos often show evidence for the mixing of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and acid magmas before eruption (see, for example, refs 1, 2). These observations have led to the suggestion3 that the injection of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma into the base of a magma chamber (or the catastrophic overturn of a stably stratified chamber containing <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma at its base) might trigger an eruption. Here we report evidence for the mixing of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and dacitic magmas shortly before the paroxysmal eruptions of Pinatubo volcano on 15 June 1991. Andesitic scoriae erupted on 12 June contain minerals and glass with disequilibrium compositions, and are considerably more mafic than the dacitic pumices erupted on 15 June. Differences in crystal abundance and glass composition among the pumices may arise from pre-heating of the dacite magma by the underlying <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> liquid before mixing. Degassing of this <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma may also have contributed to the climatologically important sulphur dioxide emissions that accompanied the Pinatubo eruptions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019213','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019213"><span>Thermal models for <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanism on Io</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Keszthelyil, L.; McEwen, A.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>We present a new model for the thermal emissions from active <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruptions on Io. While our methodology shares many similarities with previous work, it is significantly different in that (1) it uses a field tested cooling model and (2) the model is more applicable to pahoehoe flows and lava lakes than fountain-fed, channelized, 'a'a flows. This model demonstrates the large effect lava porosity has on the surface cooling rate (with denser flows cooling more slowly) and provides a preliminary tool for examining some of the hot spots on Io. The model infrared signature of a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruption is largely controlled by a single parameter, ??, the average survival time for a lava surface. During an active eruption surfaces are quickly covered or otherwise destroyed and typical values of ?? for a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruption are expected to be on the order of 10 seconds to 10 minutes. Our model suggests that the Galileo SSI eclipse data are consistent with moderately active to quiescent <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lava lakes but are not diagnostic of such activity. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4452231','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4452231"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Intrusion and Detoxification in the Seagrass Zostera marina</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hasler-Sheetal, Harald; Holmer, Marianne</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Gaseous <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> intrusion into seagrasses growing in <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> sediments causes little or no harm to the plant, indicating the presence of an unknown <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance or detoxification mechanism. We assessed such mechanism in the seagrass Zostera marina in the laboratory and in the field with scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, and stable isotope tracing coupled with a mass balance of sulfur compounds. We found that Z. marina detoxified gaseous sediment-derived <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> through incorporation and that most of the detoxification occurred in underground tissues, where <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> intrusion was greatest. Elemental sulfur was a major detoxification compound, precipitating on the inner wall of the aerenchyma of underground tissues. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> was metabolized into thiols and entered the plant sulfur metabolism as well as being stored as sulfate throughout the plant. We conclude that avoidance of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> exposure by reoxidation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the rhizosphere or aerenchyma and tolerance of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> intrusion by incorporation of sulfur in the plant are likely major survival strategies of seagrasses in <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> sediments. PMID:26030258</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRE..123..630C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRE..123..630C"><span>The Thickness and Volume of Young <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> Within Mare Imbrium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Yuan; Li, Chunlai; Ren, Xin; Liu, Jianjun; Wu, Yunzhao; Lu, Yu; Cai, Wei; Zhang, Xunyu</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> volcanism is one of the most important geologic processes of the Moon. Research on the thickness and volume of late-stage <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of Mare Imbrium helps better understand the source of lunar volcanism and eruption styles. Based on whether apparent flow fronts exist or not, the late-stage <span class="hlt">basalts</span> within Mare Imbrium were divided into two groups, namely, Upper Eratosthenian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (UEm) and Lower Eratosthenian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (LEm). Employing the topographic profile analysis method for UEm and the crater excavation technique for LEm, we studied the thickness and distribution of Eratosthenian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Mare Imbrium. For the UEm units, their thicknesses were estimated to be 16-34 (±2) m with several layers of individual lava ( 8-13 m) inside. The estimated thickness of LEm units was 14-45(±1) m, with a trend of reducing thickness from north to south. The measured thickness of late-stage <span class="hlt">basalts</span> around the Chang'E-3 landing site ( 37 ± 1 m) was quite close to the results acquired by the lunar penetrating radar carried on board the Yutu Rover ( 35 m). The total volume of the late-stage <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Mare Imbrium was calculated to be 8,671 (±320) km3, which is 4 times lower than that of Schaber's estimation ( 4 × 104 km3). Our results indicate that the actual volume is much lower than previous estimates of the final stage of the late <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruption of Mare Imbrium. Together, the area flux and transport distance of the lava flows gradually decreased with time. These results suggest that late-stage volcanic evolution of the Moon might be revised.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042561','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042561"><span>The Search for Interstellar <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Grains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Keller, Lindsay P.; Messenger, Scott</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The lifecycle of sulfur in the galaxy is poorly understood. Fe-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> grains are abundant in early solar system materials (e.g. meteorites and comets) and S is highly depleted from the gas phase in cold, dense molecular cloud environments. In stark contrast, sulfur is essentially undepleted from the gas phase in the diffuse interstellar medium, indicating that little sulfur is incorporated into solid grains in this environment. It is widely believed that sulfur is not a component of interstellar dust grains. This is a rather puzzling observation unless Fe-<span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are not produced in significant quantities in stellar outflows, or their lifetime in the ISM is very short due to rapid destruction. Fe <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> grains are ubiquitous in cometary samples where they are the dominant host of sulfur. The Fe-<span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (primarily pyrrhotite; Fe(1-x)S) are common, both as discrete 0.5-10 micron-sized grains and as fine (5-10 nm) nanophase inclusions within amorphous silicate grains. Cometary dust particles contain high abundances of well-preserved presolar silicates and organic matter and we have suggested that they should contain presolar <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> as well. This hypothesis is supported by the observation of abundant Fe-<span class="hlt">sulfides</span> grains in dust around pre- and post-main sequence stars inferred from astronomical spectra showing a broad 23 micron IR feature due to FeS. Fe-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> grains also occur as inclusions in bona fide circumstellar amorphous silicate grains and as inclusions within deuterium-rich organic matter in cometary dust samples. Our irradiation experiments show that FeS is far more resistant to radiation damage than silicates. Consequently, we expect that Fe <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> stardust should be as abundant as silicate stardust in solar system materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995MMTB...26...25A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995MMTB...26...25A"><span>Oxidation kinetics of molten copper <span class="hlt">sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alyaser, A. H.; Brimacombe, J. K.</p> <p>1995-02-01</p> <p>The oxidation kinetics of molten Cu2S baths, during top lancing with oxygen/nitrogen (argon) mixtures, have been investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure (0.2 to 0.78), bath temperature (1200 °C to 1300 °C), gas flow rate (1 to 4 L/min), and bath mixing. Surface-tension-driven flows (the Marangoni effect) were observed both visually and photographically. Thus, the oxidation of molten Cu2S was found to progress in two distinct stages, the kinetics of which are limited by the mass transfer of oxygen in the gas phase to the melt surface. During the primary stage, the melt is partially desulfurized while oxygen dissolves in the liquid <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Upon <span class="hlt">saturation</span> of the melt with oxygen, the secondary stage commences in which surface and bath reactions proceed to generate copper and SO2 electrochemically. A mathematical model of the reaction kinetics has been formulated and tested against the measurements. The results of this study shed light on the process kinetics of the copper blow in a Peirce-Smith converter or Mitsubishi reactor.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013332','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013332"><span>Lu-Hf CONSTRAINTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF LUNAR <span class="hlt">BASALTS</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Fujimaki, Hirokazu; Tatsumoto, Mistunobu</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The authors show that a cumulate-remelting model best explains the recently acquired data on the Lu-Hf systematics of lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The authors model is first constructed using the Lu and Hf concentration data and it is then further strengthened by the Hf isotopic evidence. The authors also show that the similarity of MgO/FeO ratios and the Cr//2O//3 contents between high-Ti and low-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, which have been given significance by A. E. Ringwood and D. H. Green are not important constraints for lunar <span class="hlt">basalt</span> petrogenesis. The authors principal aim is to revive the remelting model for further consideration with the powerful constraints of Lu-Hf systematics of lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1910613T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1910613T"><span>Chemical magnetization when determining Thellier paleointensity experiments in oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tselebrovskiy, Alexey; Maksimochkin, Valery</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> selected in the rift zones of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and the Red Sea has been explored. Laboratory simulation shows that the thermoremanent magnetization and chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) in oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> may be separated by using Tellier-Coe experiment. It was found that the rate of CRM destruction is about four times lower than the rate of the partial thermoremanent magnetization formation in Thellier cycles. The blocking temperatures spectrum of chemical component shifted toward higher temperatures in comparison with the spectrum of primary thermoremanent magnetization. It was revealed that the contribution of the chemical components in the NRM increases with the age of oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> determined with the analysis of the anomalous geomagnetic field (AGF) and spreading theory. CRM is less than 10% at the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> aged 0.2 million years, less than 50% at <span class="hlt">basalts</span> aged 0.35 million years, from 60 to 80% at <span class="hlt">basalts</span> aged 1 million years [1]. Geomagnetic field paleointensity (Hpl) has been determined through the remanent magnetization of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples of different ages related to Brunhes, Matuyama and Gauss periods of the geomagnetic field polarity. The value of the Hpl determined by <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of the southern segment of MAR is ranged from 17.5 to 42.5 A/m, by the Reykjanes Ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> — from 20.3 to 44 A/m, by the Bouvet Ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> — from 21.7 to 34.1 A/m. VADM values calculated from these data are in good agreement with the international paleointensity database [2] and PISO-1500 model [3]. Literature 1. Maksimochkin V., Tselebrovskiy A., (2015) The influence of the chemical magnetization of oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on determining the geomagnetic field paleointensity by the thellier method, moscow university physics bulletin, 70(6):566-576, 2. Perrin, M., E. Schnepp, and V. Shcherbakov (1998), Update of the paleointensity database, Eos Trans. AGU, 79, 198. 3. Channell JET, Xuan C, Hodell DA (2009</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150000305','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150000305"><span>Additive Construction using <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Regolith Fines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mueller, Robert P.; Sibille, Laurent; Hintze, Paul E.; Lippitt, Thomas C.; Mantovani, James G.; Nugent, Matthew W.; Townsend, Ivan I.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Planetary surfaces are often covered in regolith (crushed rock), whose geologic origin is largely <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. The lunar surface is made of small-particulate regolith and areas of boulders located in the vicinity of craters. Regolith composition also varies with location, reflecting the local bedrock geology and the nature and efficiency of the micrometeorite-impact processes. In the lowland mare areas (suitable for habitation), the regolith is composed of small granules (20 - 100 microns average size) of mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and volcanic glass. Impacting micrometeorites may cause local melting, and the formation of larger glassy particles, and this regolith may contain 10-80% glass. Studies of lunar regolith are traditionally conducted with lunar regolith simulant (reconstructed soil with compositions patterned after the lunar samples returned by Apollo). The NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Granular Mechanics & Regolith Operations (GMRO) lab has identified a low fidelity but economical geo-technical simulant designated as Black Point-1 (BP-1). It was found at the site of the Arizona Desert Research and Technology Studies (RATS) analog field test site at the Black Point lava flow in adjacent <span class="hlt">basalt</span> quarry spoil mounds. This paper summarizes activities at KSC regarding the utilization of BP-1 <span class="hlt">basalt</span> regolith and comparative work with lunar <span class="hlt">basalt</span> simulant JSC-1A as a building material for robotic additive construction of large structures. In an effort to reduce the import or in-situ fabrication of binder additives, we focused this work on in-situ processing of regolith for construction in a single-step process after its excavation. High-temperature melting of regolith involves techniques used in glassmaking and casting (with melts of lower density and higher viscosity than those of metals), producing <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass with high durability and low abrasive wear. Most Lunar simulants melt at temperatures above 1100 C, although melt processing of terrestrial regolith at 1500 C is not</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BVol...75..697V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BVol...75..697V"><span>Architecture and emplacement of flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow fields: case studies from the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group, NW USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vye-Brown, C.; Self, S.; Barry, T. L.</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>The physical features and morphologies of collections of lava bodies emplaced during single eruptions (known as flow fields) can be used to understand flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> emplacement mechanisms. Characteristics and internal features of lava lobes and whole flow field morphologies result from the forward propagation, radial spread, and cooling of individual lobes and are used as a tool to understand the architecture of extensive flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> lavas. The features of three flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow fields from the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group are presented, including the Palouse Falls flow field, a small (8,890 km2, ˜190 km3) unit by common flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> proportions, and visualized in three dimensions. The architecture of the Palouse Falls flow field is compared to the complex Ginkgo and more extensive Sand Hollow flow fields to investigate the degree to which simple emplacement models represent the style, as well as the spatial and temporal developments, of flow fields. Evidence from each flow field supports emplacement by inflation as the predominant mechanism producing thick lobes. Inflation enables existing lobes to transmit lava to form new lobes, thus extending the advance and spread of lava flow fields. Minimum emplacement timescales calculated for each flow field are 19.3 years for Palouse Falls, 8.3 years for Ginkgo, and 16.9 years for Sand Hollow. Simple flow fields can be traced from vent to distal areas and an emplacement sequence visualized, but those with multiple-layered lobes present a degree of complexity that make lava pathways and emplacement sequences more difficult to identify.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CoMP..159..315M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CoMP..159..315M"><span>Persistence of mantle lithospheric Re-Os signature during asthenospherization of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: insights from in situ isotopic analysis of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the Ronda peridotite (Southern Spain)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marchesi, Claudio; Griffin, William L.; Garrido, Carlos J.; Bodinier, Jean-Louis; O'Reilly, Suzanne Y.; Pearson, Norman J.</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>The western part of the Ronda peridotite massif (Southern Spain) consists mainly of highly foliated spinel-peridotite tectonites and undeformed granular peridotites that are separated by a recrystallization front. The spinel tectonites are interpreted as volumes of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle and the granular peridotites as a portion of subcontinental lithospheric mantle that underwent partial melting and pervasive percolation of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts induced by Cenozoic asthenospheric upwelling. The Re-Os isotopic signature of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from the granular domain and the recrystallization front mostly coincides with that of grains in the spinel tectonites. This indicates that the Re-Os radiometric system in <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> was highly resistant to partial melting and percolation of melts induced by Cenozoic lithospheric thermal erosion. The Re-Os isotopic systematics of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the Ronda peridotites thus mostly conserve the geochemical memory of ancient magmatic events in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Os model ages record two Proterozoic melting episodes at ~1.6 to 1.8 and 1.2-1.4 Ga, respectively. The emplacement of the massif into the subcontinental lithospheric mantle probably coincided with one of these depletion events. A later metasomatic episode caused the precipitation of a new generation of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> at ~0.7 to 0.9 Ga. These Proterozoic Os model ages are consistent with results obtained for several mantle suites in Central/Western Europe and Northern Africa as well as with the Nd model ages of the continental crust of these regions. This suggests that the events recorded in mantle <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> of the Ronda peridotites reflect different stages of generation of the continental crust in the ancient Gondwana supercontinent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130009074','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130009074"><span>Testing the Origins of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Fragments fro Apollo 16</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Donohue, P. H.; Stevens, R. E.; Neal, C. R.; Zeigler, R. A.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Several 2-4 mm regolith fragments of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> from the Apollo 16 site were recently described by [1]. These included a high-Ti vitrophyric <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (60603,10-16) and one very-low-titanium (VLT) crystalline <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (65703,9-13). As Apollo 16 was the only highlands sample return mission distant from the maria, identification of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> samples at the site indicates input from remote sites via impact processes [1]. However, distinguishing between impact melt and pristine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> can be notoriously difficult and requires significant sample material [2-6]. The crystal stratigraphy method utilizes essentially non-destructive methods to make these distinctions [7,8]. Crystal stratigraphy combines quantitative petrography in the form of crystal size distributions (CSDs) coupled with mineral geochemistry to reveal the petrogenetic history of samples. The classic CSD plot of crystal size versus population density can reveal insights on growth/cooling rates, residence times, and magma history which in turn can be used to evaluate <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> vs impact melt origin [7-9]. Electron microprobe (EMP) and laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS analyses of mineral phases complement textural investigations. Trace element variations document subtle changes occurring during the formation of the samples, and are key in the interpretation and preservation of this rare lunar sample collection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815131L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815131L"><span>Petrogenesis of pillow <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Baolai in southwestern Taiwan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Chih-Chun; Yang, Huai-Jen</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The pillow <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Baolai in southwestern Taiwan have been inferred to bear Dupal signautres based on their Th/Ce ratio, linking the Baolai <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to the South China Sea (SCS) seamounts that are characterized by Dupal Pb isotope signatures (Smith and Lewis, 2007). In this study, thirty-two Baolai <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples were analyzed for abundances of major and trace elements as well as Pb and Nd isotope ratios to verify their Dupal characters and to constrain their petrogenesis significance. The Baolai <span class="hlt">basalts</span> contain 4-10 % L.O.I.. Three stages of alteration are inferred from plots of L.O.I. abundance versus concentrations major oxides as well as mineral textures and compositions. The first alteration stage was characterized by albitization that converted Ca-rich plagioclase to albite. The second alteration stage was dominated by chloritization of olivine and augite, resulting in increases in L.O.I. abundance. The last alteration stage is represented by formation of secondary calcite in vesicles and cracks. These alteration processes reflect interaction with seawater and apparently did not affect the magmatic Pb isotope composition for the low Pb concentration in seawater. Relative to the North Hemisphere Reference Line (NHRL), the Baolai pillow <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have higher 208Pb/204Pb ratios at a given 206Pb/204Pb value, showing Dupal anomaly. For their relatively higher 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios, the Baolai <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are distinct from majority of the Cenozoic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the Hainan-Leizhou peninsula, the Indochina peninsula, and the SCS seamounts, for which derivation from the Hainan mantle plume has been recently proposed (Wang et al., 2013). In contrast, the Baolai <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the Cenozoic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from eastern Guangdong at southeastern China have similar Pb and Nd isotope compositions, indicating derivation from similar mantle sources. However, the Baolai <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have lower abundance ratios of Zr/Hf (40.3-45.6 versus 46.5-50.5), La/Yb (12</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1814120S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1814120S"><span>Seismic wave propagation through an extrusive <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sequence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sanford, Oliver; Hobbs, Richard; Brown, Richard; Schofield, Nick</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Layers of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows within sedimentary successions (e.g. in the Faeroe-Shetland Basin) cause complex scattering and attenuation of seismic waves during seismic exploration surveys. Extrusive <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> sequences are highly heterogeneous and contain strong impedance contrasts between higher velocity crystalline flow cores (˜6 km s-1) and the lower velocity fragmented and weathered flow crusts (3-4 km s-1). Typically, the refracted wave from the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> layer is used to build a velocity model by tomography. This velocity model is then used to aid processing of the reflection data where direct determination of velocity is ambiguous, or as a starting point for full waveform inversion, for example. The model may also be used as part of assessing drilling risk of potential wells, as it is believed to constrain the total thickness of the sequence. In heterogeneous media, where the scatter size is of the order of the seismic wavelength or larger, scattering preferentially traps the seismic energy in the low velocity regions. This causes a build-up of energy that is guided along the low velocity layers. This has implications for the interpretation of the observed first arrival of the seismic wave, which may be a biased towards the low velocity regions. This will then lead to an underestimate of the velocity structure and hence the thickness of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, with implications for the drilling of wells hoping to penetrate through the base of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in search of hydrocarbons. Using 2-D acoustic finite difference modelling of the guided wave through a simple layered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sequence, we consider the relative importance of different parameters of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> on the seismic energy propagating through the layers. These include the proportion of high to low velocity material, the number of layers, their thickness and the roughness of the interfaces between the layers. We observe a non-linear relationship between the ratio of high to low velocity layers and the apparent velocity</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Litho.302..447B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Litho.302..447B"><span>Experimental investigation of the reaction between corundum xenocrysts and alkaline <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> host magma: Constraints on magma residence times of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-hosted sapphires</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baldwin, L. C.; Ballhaus, C.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Megacrystic sapphires (Fe-Ti-rich corundum) of up to 5 cm in size are well known from alkaline mafic rocks from intra-continental rift-related magmatic fields. There is no doubt that these sapphires represent xenocrysts that were trapped from their original lithology by ascending <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas carrying them to the Earth's surface. Most studies about <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-hosted sapphires address the question about the origin of the sapphires, but there is hardly any information available about the time the sapphires resided inside the carrier melt. Sapphires are in reaction relationship with <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and produce spinel coronas at the sapphire-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> interface, spatially separating the mutually incompatible phases from one another. Assuming isothermal and isobaric conditions of spinel rim formation, the rim-thickness should be a function of the reaction time with the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt. In this paper, we report time-series experiments aimed at investigating the kinetics of spinel rim formation due to igneous corrosion of corundum. Therefore, we reacted corundum fragments with alkaline <span class="hlt">basalt</span> powder at 1250 °C and 1GPa, using a Piston Cylinder Apparatus. The width of the spinel rim was used to estimate a residence time. Extrapolating the experimentally derived reaction rates to the thickness of natural spinel rims as described from the Siebengebirge Volcanic Field, Germany, and from Changle, China, we estimated residence times in the order of a few weeks to months.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27133282','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27133282"><span>Reaction Mechanisms of Metals with Hydrogen <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> and Thiols in Model Wine. Part 1: Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kreitman, Gal Y; Danilewicz, John C; Jeffery, David W; Elias, Ryan J</p> <p>2016-05-25</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfidic</span> off-odors as a result of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) and low-molecular-weight thiols are commonly encountered in wine production. These odors are usually removed by the process of Cu(II) fining, a process that remains poorly understood. The present study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which Cu(II) interacts with H2S and thiol compounds (RSH) under wine-like conditions. Copper complex formation was monitored along with H2S, thiol, oxygen, and acetaldehyde concentrations after the addition of Cu(II) (50 or 100 μM) to air-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> model wine solutions containing H2S, cysteine, 6-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, or 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (300 μM each). The presence of H2S and thiols in excess to Cu(II) led to the rapid formation of ∼1.4:1 H2S/Cu and ∼2:1 thiol/Cu complexes, resulting in the oxidation of H2S and thiols and reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), which reacted with oxygen. H2S was observed to initially oxidize rather than form insoluble copper <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The proposed reaction mechanisms provide insight into the extent to which H2S can be selectively removed in the presence of thiols in wine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/33631','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/33631"><span>Scarification of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> milkvetch (Astragalus filipes) seed for improved emergence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Clinton C. Shock; Erik Feibert; Lamont D. Saunders</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> milkvetch (Astragalus nlipes) is a forb (non woody perennial) native to western North America. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> milkvetch is a legume forb species of interest for revegetating rangelands of the intermountain northwest; it can contribute high quality feed, valuable seed for wildlife, and nitrogen fixation to help maintain range productivity. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> milkvetch has a hard...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT........54L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT........54L"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> fiber reinforced polymer composites: Processing and properties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Qiang</p> <p></p> <p>A high efficiency rig was designed and built for in-plane permeability measurement of fabric materials. A new data derivation procedure to acquire the flow fluid pattern in the experiment was developed. The measurement results of the in-plane permeability for <span class="hlt">basalt</span> twill 31 fabric material showed that a high correlation exists between the two principal permeability values for this fabric at 35% fiber volume fraction. This may be the most important scientific contribution made in this thesis. The results from radial measurements corresponded quite well with those from Unidirectional (UD) measurements, which is a well-established technique. No significant differences in mechanical properties were found between <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fabric reinforced polymer composites and glass composites reinforced by a fabric of similar weave pattern. Aging results indicate that the interfacial region in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composites may be more vulnerable to environmental damage than that in glass composites. However, the <span class="hlt">basalt</span>/epoxy interface may have been more durable than the glass/epoxy interface in tension-tension fatigue because the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composites have significantly longer fatigue life. In this thesis, chapter I reviews the literature on fiber reinforced polymer composites, with concentration on permeability measurement, mechanical properties and durability. Chapter II discusses the design of the new rig for in-plane permeability measurement, the new derivation procedure for monitoring of the fluid flow pattern, and the permeability measurement results. Chapter III compares the mechanical properties and durability between <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber and glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. Lastly, chapter IV gives some suggestions and recommendations for future work.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2545547','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2545547"><span>[Comparative carcinogenic properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber and chrysotile-asbestos].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nikitina, O V; Kogan, F M; Vanchugova, N N; Frash, V N</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>In order to eliminate asbestos adverse effect on workers' health it was necessary to use mineral rayon, primarily <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibre, instead of asbestos. During a chronic experiment on animals the oncogenicity of 2 kinds of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibre was studied compared to chrysotile asbestos. The dust dose of 25 mg was twice administered by intraperitonial route. All types of dust induced the onset of intraperitonial mesotheliomas but neoplasm rates were significantly lower in the groups exposed to <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibre. There was no credible data on the differences between the groups exposed to various types of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibre. Since the latter produced some oncogenic effect, it was necessary to develop a complex of antidust measures, fully corresponding to the measures adopted for carcinogenic dusts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009psrd.reptE.133T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009psrd.reptE.133T"><span>Mars Crust: Made of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taylor, G. J.</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>By combining data from several sources, Harry Y. (Hap) McSween (University of Tennessee), G. Jeffrey Taylor (University of Hawaii) and Michael B. Wyatt (Brown University) show that the surface of Mars is composed mostly of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> not unlike those that make up the Earth's oceanic crust. McSween and his colleagues used data from Martian meteorites, analyses of soils and rocks at robotic landing sites, and chemical and mineralogical information from orbiting spacecraft. The data show that Mars is composed mostly of rocks similar to terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span> called tholeiites, which make up most oceanic islands, mid-ocean ridges, and the seafloor beneath sediments. The Martian samples differ in some respects that reflect differences in the compositions of the Martian and terrestrial interiors, but in general are a lot like Earth <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Cosmochemistst have used the compositions of Martian meteorites to discriminate bulk properties of Mars and Earth, but McSween and coworkers' synthesis shows that the meteorites differ from most of the Martian crust (the meteorites have lower aluminum, for example), calling into question how diagnostic the meteorites are for understanding the Martian interior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.B51K..02S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.B51K..02S"><span>Similar microbial communities found on two distant seafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singer, E.; Chong, L. S.; Heidelberg, J. F.; Edwards, K. J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The oceanic crust forms two thirds of the Earth's surface and hosts a large phylogenetic and functional diversity of microorganisms. While advances have been made in the sedimentary realm, our understanding of the igneous rock portion as a microbial habitat has remained limited. We present a comparative metagenomic microbial community analysis from ocean floor <span class="hlt">basalt</span> environments at the Lō'ihi Seamount, Hawai'i, and the East Pacific Rise (EPR) (9°N). Phylogenetic analysis indicates the presence of a total of 43 bacterial and archaeal mono-phyletic groups, dominated by Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, as well as Thaumarchaeota. Functional gene analysis suggests that these Thaumarchaeota play an important role in ammonium oxidation on seafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. In addition to ammonium oxidation, the seafloor <span class="hlt">basalt</span> habitat reveals a wide spectrum of other metabolic potentials, including CO2 fixation, denitrification, dissimilatory sulfate reduction, and sulfur oxidation. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> communities from Lō'ihi and the EPR show considerable metabolic and phylogenetic overlap down to the genus level despite geographic distance and slightly different seafloor <span class="hlt">basalt</span> mineralogy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9219690','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9219690"><span>Experimental simulations of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> formation in the solar nebula.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lauretta, D S; Lodders, K; Fegley, B</p> <p>1997-07-18</p> <p>Sulfurization of meteoritic metal in H2S-H2 gas produced three different <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>: monosulfide solid solution [(Fe,Ni)1-xS], pentlandite [(Fe,Ni)9-xS8], and a phosphorus-rich <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The composition of the remnant metal was unchanged. These results are contrary to theoretical predictions that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> formation in the solar nebula produced troilite (FeS) and enriched the remaining metal in nickel. The experimental <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are chemically and morphologically similar to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> grains in the matrix of the Alais (class CI) carbonaceous chondrite, suggesting that these meteoritic <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> may be condensates from the solar nebula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2995 - Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 73.2995 Section 73.2995 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2995 Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. (a) Identity. The color additive luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2995 - Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 73.2995 Section 73.2995 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2995 Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. (a) Identity. The color additive luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060010018&hterms=stratigraphy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dstratigraphy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060010018&hterms=stratigraphy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dstratigraphy"><span>Distribution and stratigraphy of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> units in Maria Tranquillitatis and Fecunditatis: A Clementine perspective</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rajmon, D.; Spudis, P.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Maria Tranquillitatis and Fecunditatis have been mapped based on Clementine image mosaics and derived iron and titanium maps. Impact craters served as stratigraphic probes enabling better delineation of compositionally different <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> units, determining the distribution of subsurface <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and providing estimates of total <span class="hlt">basalt</span> thickness and the thickness of the surface units. Collected data indicate that volcanism in these maria started with the eruption of low-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and evolved toward medium- and high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Some of the high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Mare Tranquillitatis began erupting early and were contemporaneous with the low- and medium-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span>; these units form the oldest units exposed on the mare surface. Mare Tranquillitatis is mostly covered with high- Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. In Mare Fecunditatis, the volume of erupting <span class="hlt">basalts</span> clearly decreased as the Ti content increased, and the high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> occur as a few patches on the mare surface. The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> in both maria is on the order of several hundred meters thick and locally may be as thick as 1600 m. The new <span class="hlt">basalt</span> thickness estimates generally fall within the range set by earlier studies, although locally differ. The medium- to high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> exposed at the surfaces of both maria are meters to tens of meters thick.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1076541','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1076541"><span>EGS rock reactions with Supercritical CO2 <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with water and water <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with Supercritical CO2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Earl D. Mattson; Travis L. McLing; William Smith</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>EGS using CO2 as a working fluid will likely involve hydro-shearing low-permeability hot rock reservoirs with a water solution. After that process, the fractures will be flushed with CO2 that is maintained under supercritical conditions (> 70 bars). Much of the injected water in the main fracture will be flushed out with the initial CO2 injection; however side fractures, micro fractures, and the lower portion of the fracture will contain connate water that will interact with the rock and the injected CO2. Dissolution/precipitation reactions in the resulting scCO2/brine/rock systems have the potential to significantly alter reservoir permeability, so it ismore » important to understand where these precipitates form and how are they related to the evolving ‘free’ connate water in the system. To examine dissolution / precipitation behavior in such systems over time, we have conducted non-stirred batch experiments in the laboratory with pure minerals, sandstone, and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> coupons with brine solution spiked with MnCl2 and scCO2. The coupons are exposed to liquid water <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with scCO2 and extend above the water surface allowing the upper portion of the coupons to be exposed to scCO2 <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with water. The coupons were subsequently analyzed using SEM to determine the location of reactions in both in and out of the liquid water. Results of these will be summarized with regard to significance for EGS with CO2 as a working fluid.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V34B..05C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V34B..05C"><span>The Role of Magmatic Volatile Input, Near-surface Seawater Entrainment and <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Deposition in Regulating Metal Concentrations Within Manus Basin Hydrothermal Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Craddock, P. R.; Tivey, M. K.; Seewald, J. S.; Rouxel, O.; Bach, W.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Analyses of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Co and Sb in vent fluid samples from four hydrothermal systems in the Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea, were carried out by ICP-MS. Vienna Woods is located on the well- defined, <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-dominated Manus Spreading Center, while the other systems are hosted in felsic volcanics on the Pual Ridge (PACMANUS), within a caldera (DESMOS), and on volcanic cones (SuSu Knolls). Metal concentrations were coupled with other fluid data (pH, SO4, Ca, H2S) to discriminate effects of deep- seated water-rock reaction and magmatic volatile input from near surface seawater entrainment, mixing, and consequent mineral precipitation and metal remobilization. Both magmatic volatile input (e.g. SO2, HCl, HF) and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitation can increase fluid acidity and thus affect the aqueous mobility of metals. At Vienna Woods, 280°C end-member (Mg = 0) fluids have high pH (>4.2) and low metal contents (Fe <160 uM, Cu <10 uM, Zn <40 uM) relative to most mid-ocean ridge (MOR) vent fluids. The high pH and lack of evidence for magmatic volatile input are consistent with fluid compositions regulated by subsurface seawater- <span class="hlt">basalt</span>/andesite reactions. Despite low aqueous Zn concentrations, Zn-rich (wurtzite-lined) chimneys are common at Vienna Woods active vents, reflecting deposition from fluids characterized by low Fe and Cu and high pH. At PACMANUS, black smoker fluids (T >300°C, pH ~ 2.7) are enriched in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-forming metals by an order of magnitude relative to Vienna Woods fluids. Enrichments at PACMANUS reflect efficient leaching of metals at low pH, with the lower pH likely a result of input of magmatic volatiles. In addition, some vents fluids show clear evidence for seawater entrainment, subsurface precipitation of Cu-Fe-<span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and preferential remobilization of Zn-<span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (lower T, non-zero Mg, lower Fe, Cu, H2S and pH (2.3-2.4), but higher Zn, Pb, Cd and Ag, compared to black smokers). The higher metal concentrations and lower pH of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1213401T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1213401T"><span>Is formation segregation melts in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lava flows a viable analogue to melt generation in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> systems?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thordarson, Thorvaldur; Sigmarsson, Olgeir; Hartley, Margaret E.; Miller, Jay</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Pahoehoe sheet lobes commonly exhibit a three-fold structural division into upper crust, core and lower crust, where the core corresponds to the liquid portion of an active lobe sealed by crust. Segregations are common in pahoehoe lavas and are confined to the core of individual lobes. Field relations and volume considerations indicate that segregation is initiated by generation of volatile-rich melt at or near the lower crust to core boundary via in-situ crystallization. Once buoyant, the segregated melt rises through the core during last stages of flow emplacement and accumulates at the base of the upper crust. The segregated melt is preserved as vesicular and aphyric, material within well-defined vesicle cylinders and horizontal vesicle sheets that make up 1-4% of the total lobe volume. We have undertaken a detailed sampling and chemical analysis of segregations and their host lava from three pahoehoe flow fields; two in Iceland and one in the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group (CRBG). The Icelandic examples are: the olivine-tholeiite Thjorsa lava (24 cubic km) of the Bardarbunga-Veidivotn volcanic system and mildly alkalic Surtsey lavas (1.2 cubic km) of the Vestmannaeyjar volcanic system. The CRBG example is the tholeiitic ‘high-MgO group' Levering lava (>100? cubic km) of the N2 Grande Ronde <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>. The thicknesses of the sampled lobes ranges from 2.3 to 14 m and each lobe feature well developed network of segregation structures [1,2,3]. Our whole-rock analyses show that the segregated melt is significantly more evolved than the host lava, with enrichment factors of 1.25 (Thjorsa) to 2.25 (Surtsey) for incompatible trace elements (Ba, Zr). Calculations indicate that the segregation melt was formed by 20 to 50% closed-system fractional crystallization of plagioclase (plus minor pyroxene and/or olivine). A more striking feature is the whole-rock composition of the segregations. In the olivine-tholeiite Thjorsa lava the segregations exhibit quartz tholeiite</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1914022L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1914022L"><span>An experimental study of the fluid-melt partitioning of volatiles (H2O, CO2, S) during the degassing of ascending <span class="hlt">basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Le Gall, Nolwenn; Pichavant, Michel; Di Carlo, Ida; Scaillet, Bruno</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>We performed decompression experiments to constrain the fluid-melt partitioning of volatiles (H2O, CO2, S) in ascending <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magmas associated with violent eruptions. Experiments were conducted in an internally heated pressure vessel under oxidizing conditions (fO2: NNO+1.1) so that all sulphur occurs as sulfate (S6+) in the melt. Volatile-bearing (2.72 ± 0.02 wt% H2O, 1291 ± 85 ppm CO2, 1535 ± 369 ppm S) melts, prepared from Stromboli pumice, were synthesized at 1200°C and 200 MPa, decompressed between 150 and 25 MPa at constant rates of 39 and 78 kPa/s (or 1.5 and 3 m/s), and rapidly quenched. Run products were characterized both chemically (by IR spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis) and texturally (by scanning electron microscopy), and then compared with Stromboli pumice products (glass inclusions, volcanic gases). In H2O-CO2-S-bearing <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts, bubbles start to nucleate heterogeneously on Fe <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> for supersaturation pressures ΔPHeN ≤ 1 MPa and to nucleate homogeneously for ΔPHoN < 50 MPa (ΔPHeN and ΔPHoN are the difference between the <span class="hlt">saturation</span> pressure and the pressure at which heterogeneous and homogeneous bubble nucleation are observed, respectively). Bubble growth, coalescence and outgassing occur in addition to continuous bubble nucleation, which is sustained by the preservation of CO2 supersaturated melts during decompression. In addition to model the degassing behaviour of sulphur (and also of CO2 and H2O), our experiments aim to assist in the interpretation of geochemical observables. On the one hand, the volatile degassing trend recorded by Stromboli natural glasses (unsealed glass embayments) was closely experimentally simulated, with a coupled decrease of H2O and S whereas CO2 concentrations remain elevated. On the other hand, the experimental H2O/CO2 and CO2/SO2 fluid molar ratios, calculated by mass balance, both reproduced or closely approached the lower ranges of gas ratios measured at Stromboli for quiescent</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V31A3066B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V31A3066B"><span>CO2 and H2O Contents of Melt Inclusions from the 1891 <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Balloon Eruption of Foerstner Submarine Volcano, Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Balcanoff, J. R.; Carey, S.; Kelley, K. A.; Boesenberg, J. S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Eruptions that produce <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> balloon products are an uncommon eruption style only observed in five cases during historical times. <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> balloon products form in gas rich shallow submarine eruptions, which produce large hollow clasts with sufficient buoyancy to float on seawater. Foerstner submarine volcano, off the coast of Pantelleria (Italy), erupted with this style in 1891 and is the only eruption where the vent site (250 m water depth) has been studied and sampled in detail with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Here, we report Fournier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron microprobe (EMP) analyses of major elements and dissolved volatiles in melt inclusions from olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts picked from highly vesicular clasts recovered from the seafloor. The trachybasaltic melt is enriched in alkalis with notably high phosphorus (1.82-2.38 wt%), and melt inclusions show elevated H2O concentrations of 0.17 to 1.2 wt.% and highly elevated CO2 concentrations of 928 to 1864 ppm. Coexisting matrix glass is completely degassed with respect to carbon dioxide but has variable water contents up to 0.19 %. The maximum carbon dioxide value implies <span class="hlt">saturation</span> at 1.5 kb, or 4.5 km below the volcano. Trends in the CO2 and H2O data are most compatible with calculated open system degassing behavior. This is consistent with a proposed balloon formation mechanism involving a hybrid strombolian eruption style with the potential accumulation of gas-rich pockets below the vent as gas bubbles moved upwards independent of the low viscosity <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt. Discharge of the gas-rich pockets led to the discharge of meter-sized slugs of magma with large internal vesicles (several tens of centimeters). A subset of these clasts had bulk densities that were lower than seawater, allowing them to rise to the sea surface where they either exploded or became water <span class="hlt">saturated</span> and sank back to the seafloor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.215..377Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.215..377Z"><span>Diffusion of hydrous species in model <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Li; Guo, Xuan; Wang, Qinxia; Ding, Jiale; Ni, Huaiwei</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Water diffusion in Fe-free model <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt with up to 2 wt% H2O was investigated at 1658-1846 K and 1 GPa in piston-cylinder apparatus using both hydration and diffusion couple techniques. Diffusion profiles measured by FTIR are consistent with a model in which both molecular H2O (H2Om) and hydroxyl (OH) contribute to water diffusion. OH diffusivity is roughly 13% of H2Om diffusivity, showing little dependence on temperature or water concentration. Water diffusion is dominated by the motion of OH until total H2O (H2Ot) concentration reaches 1 wt%. The dependence of apparent H2Ot diffusivity on H2Ot concentration appears to be overestimated by a previous study on MORB melt, but H2Ot diffusivity at 1 wt% H2Ot in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt is still greater than those in rhyolitic to andesitic melts. The appreciable contribution of OH to water diffusion in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt can be explained by enhanced mobility of OH, probably associated with the development of free hydroxyl bonded with network-modifying cations, as well as higher OH concentration. Calculation based on the Nernst-Einstein equation demonstrates that OH may serve as an effective charge carrier in hydrous <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt, which could partly account for the previously observed strong influence of water on electrical conductivity of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439025-co2-mineral-sequestration-naturally-porous-basalt','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439025-co2-mineral-sequestration-naturally-porous-basalt"><span>CO 2 Mineral Sequestration in Naturally Porous <span class="hlt">Basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Xiong, Wei; Wells, Rachel K.; Horner, Jake A.</p> <p>2018-02-27</p> <p>Continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are extensive geologic features currently being evaluated as reservoirs that are suitable for long-term storage of carbon emissions. Favorable attributes of these formations for containment of injected carbon dioxide (CO2) include high mineral trapping capacity, unique structural features, and enormous volumes. We experimentally investigated mineral carbonation in whole core samples retrieved from the Grand Ronde <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, the same formation into which ~1000 t of CO2 was recently injected in an eastern Washington pilot-scale demonstration. The rate and extent of carbonate mineral formation at 100 °C and 100 bar were tracked via time-resolved sampling of bench-scale experiments. Basaltmore » cores were recovered from the reactor after 6, 20, and 40 weeks, and three-dimensional X-ray tomographic imaging of these cores detected carbonate mineral formation in the fracture network within 20 weeks. Under these conditions, a carbon mineral trapping rate of 1.24 ± 0.52 kg of CO2/m3 of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> per year was estimated, which is orders of magnitude faster than rates for deep sandstone reservoirs. On the basis of these calculations and under certain assumptions, available pore space within the Grand Ronde <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formation would completely carbonate in ~40 years, resulting in solid mineral trapping of ~47 kg of CO2/m3 of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..423..492D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..423..492D"><span>Trace hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> gas sensor based on tungsten <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> membrane-coated thin-core fiber modal interferometer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deng, Dashen; Feng, Wenlin; Wei, Jianwei; Qin, Xiang; Chen, Rong</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>A novel fiber-optic hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> sensor based on a thin-core Mach-Zehnder fiber modal interferometer (TMZFI) is demonstrated and fabricated. This in-line interferometer is composed of a short section of thin-core fiber sandwiched between two standard single mode fibers, and the fast response to hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is achieved via the construction of tungsten <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> film on the outside surface of the TMZFI using the dip-coating and calcination technique. The fabricated sensing nanofilm is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and spectroscopic analysis technology, etc. Experimental results showed that the WS2 sensing film has a hexagonal structure with a compact and porous morphology. The XPS and FTIR indicate that the existence of two elements (W and S) is demonstrated. With the increasing concentration of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, the interference spectra appear blue shift. In addition, a high sensitivity of 18.37 pm/ppm and a good linear relationship are obtained within a measurement range from 0 to 80 ppm. In addition, there is an excellent selectivity for H2S, which has also been proved by the surface adsorption energy results of tungsten <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with four gases (H2S, N2, O2 and CO2) by using the density functional theory calculations. This interferometer has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity and easy manufacture, and could be used in the safety monitoring field of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> gas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18576062','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18576062"><span>Microbial oxidation of mixtures of methylmercaptan and hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Subramaniyan, A; Kolhatkar, R; Sublette, K L; Beitle, R</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Refinery spent-<span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> caustic, containing only inorganic <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, has previously been shown to be amenable to biotreatment with Thiobacillus denitrificans strain F with complete oxidation of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> to sulfate. However, many spent caustics contain mercaptans that cannot be metabolized by this strict autotroph. An aerobic enrichment culture was developed from mixed Thiobacilli and activated sludge that was capable of simultaneous oxidation of inorganic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and mercaptans using hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H2S) and methylmercaptan (MeSH) gas feeds used to simulate the inorganic and organic sulfur of a spent-<span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> caustic. The enrichment culture was also capable of biotreatment of an actual mercaptan-containing, spent-<span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> caustic but at lower rates than predicted by operation on MeSH and H2S fed to the culture in the gas phase, indicating that the caustic contained other inhibitory components.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874074','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874074"><span>Metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> initiators for metal oxide sorbent regeneration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Turk, Brian S.; Gupta, Raghubir P.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>A process of regenerating a <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> sorbent is provided. According to the process of the invention, a substantial portion of the energy necessary to initiate the regeneration reaction is provided by the combustion of a particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive. In using the particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive, the oxygen-containing gas used to regenerate the <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> sorbent can be fed to the regeneration zone without heating or at a lower temperature than used in conventional processes wherein the regeneration reaction is initiated only by heating the oxygen-containing gas. The particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive is preferably an inexpensive mineral ore such as iron pyrite which does not adversely affect the regeneration or corresponding desulfurization reactions. The invention further includes a sorbent composition comprising the particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive in admixture with an active metal oxide sorbent capable of removing one or more sulfur compounds from a sulfur-containing gas stream.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872342','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872342"><span>Metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> initiators for metal oxide sorbent regeneration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Turk, Brian S.; Gupta, Raghubir P.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>A process of regenerating a <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> sorbent is provided. According to the process of the invention, a substantial portion of the energy necessary to initiate the regeneration reaction is provided by the combustion of a particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive. In using the particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive, the oxygen-containing gas used to regenerate the <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> sorbent can be fed to the regeneration zone without heating or at a lower temperature than used in conventional processes wherein the regeneration reaction is initiated only by heating the oxygen-containing. The particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive is preferably an inexpensive mineral ore such as iron pyrite which does not adversely affect the regeneration or corresponding desulfurization reactions. The invention further includes a sorbent composition comprising the particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive in admixture with an active metal oxide sorbent capable of removing one or more sulfur compounds from a sulfur-containing gas stream.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6317870','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6317870"><span>Metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> initiators for metal oxide sorbent regeneration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Turk, B.S.; Gupta, R.P.</p> <p>1999-06-22</p> <p>A process of regenerating a <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> sorbent is provided. According to the process of the invention, a substantial portion of the energy necessary to initiate the regeneration reaction is provided by the combustion of a particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive. In using the particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive, the oxygen-containing gas used to regenerate the <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> sorbent can be fed to the regeneration zone without heating or at a lower temperature than used in conventional processes wherein the regeneration reaction is initiated only by heating the oxygen-containing gas. The particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive is preferably an inexpensive mineral ore such as iron pyrite which does not adversely affect the regeneration or corresponding desulfurization reactions. The invention further includes a sorbent composition comprising the particulate metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> additive in admixture with an active metal oxide sorbent capable of removing one or more sulfur compounds from a sulfur-containing gas stream. 1 fig.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Litho..40...69M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Litho..40...69M"><span>High-Mg subduction-related Tertiary <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in Sardinia, Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morra, V.; Secchi, F. A. G.; Melluso, L.; Franciosi, L.</p> <p>1997-03-01</p> <p>The Oligo-Miocene volcanics (32-15 Ma), which occur in the Oligo-Miocene Sardinian Rift, were interpreted in the literature as an intracontinental volcanic arc built upon continental crust about 30 km thick. They are characterized by a close field association of dominantly andesites and acid ignimbrites, with subordinate <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. In this paper we deal with the origin and evolution of recently discovered high-magnesia <span class="hlt">basalts</span> aged ca. 18 Ma occurring in the Montresta area, northern Sardinia, relevant to the petrogenesis of the Cenozoic volcanics of Sardinia. The igneous rocks of the Montresta area form a tholeiitic, subduction-related suite. Major-element variation from the high-magnesia <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (HMB) to high-alumina <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (HAB) are consistent with crystal/liquid fractionation dominated by olivine and clinopyroxene. Proportions of plagioclase and titanomagnetite increase from HAB to andesites. Initial {87Sr }/{86Sr } ratios increase with differentiation from 0.70398 for the HMB to 0.70592 for the andesites. This suggests concomitant crustal contamination. The geochemical characteristics of the high-magnesia <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are typical of subduction-related magmas, with negative Nb, Zr and Ti spikes in mantle-normalized diagrams. It is proposed that these high-magnesia <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were produced by partial melting of a mantle source characterized by large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) enrichment related principally to dehydration of subducted oceanic crust. Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) patterns indicate that the lavas are somewhat enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), with flat heavy rare earth elements (HREE) patterns. This evidence is consistent with a spinel-bearing mantle source. The sub-parallel chondrite-normalized patterns show enrichment with differentiation, with a greater increase of LREE than HREE. The occurrence of high-magnesia <span class="hlt">basalts</span> at 18 Ma in Sardinia appears to be correlated with and favoured by pronounced extensional tectonics at</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.V52C..06H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.V52C..06H"><span>The Influence of Conduit Processes During <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Plinian Eruptions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Houghton, B. F.; Sable, J. E.; Wilson, C. J.; Coltelli, M.; Del Carlo, P.</p> <p>2001-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> volcanism is most typically thought to produce effusion of lava, with the most explosive manifestations ranging from mild Strombolian activity to more energetic fire fountain eruptions. However, some <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruptions are now recognized as extremely violent, i.e. generating widespread phreatomagmatic, subplinian and Plinian fall deposits. These eruptions are particularly dangerous because the ascent rate of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma prior to eruption can be very rapid (giving warning times as little as a few hours) and because their precursors may be ignored or misunderstood. The main question addressed in this talk is: what conditions in the conduit cause <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma to adopt an eruption style more typical of chemically evolved, highly viscous magmas? Possible mechanisms (acting singly, or in concert) are: (1) interaction between magma and water, (ii) very rapid ascent producing a delayed onset of degassing then exceptionally rapid "runaway" vesiculation at shallow levels in the conduit, (iii) microlite crystallization and degassing of the magma during ascent leading to increased viscosity. We focus here on two examples of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> Plinian volcanism: the 1886 eruption of Tarawera, New Zealand, which is the youngest known <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> Plinian eruption and the only one for which there are detailed written eyewitness accounts, and the well documented 122 BC eruption of Mount Etna, Italy. Field and laboratory evidence suggests that the Plinian phase of the 1886 eruption was a consequence of two processes. Firstly rheologic changes during magma ascent accompanied early (pre-fragmentation) interaction between the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melt and water-bearing rhyolitic units forming the conduit walls and, secondly, late-stage magma:water interaction. In contrast, during the 122 BC eruption tectonic processes, such as slope failure or permanent displacement of a mobile flank of the volcano, appear to have triggered exceptionally rapid ascent, delayed onset of degassing and exceptionally</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.481..290K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.481..290K"><span>Plate tectonics and continental <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> geochemistry throughout Earth history</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Keller, Brenhin; Schoene, Blair</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> magmas constitute the primary mass flux from Earth's mantle to its crust, carrying information about the conditions of mantle melting through which they were generated. As such, changes in the average <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> geochemistry through time reflect changes in underlying parameters such as mantle potential temperature and the geodynamic setting of mantle melting. However, sampling bias, preservation bias, and geological heterogeneity complicate the calculation of representative average compositions. Here we use weighted bootstrap resampling to minimize sampling bias over the heterogeneous rock record and obtain maximally representative average <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> compositions through time. Over the approximately 4 Ga of the continental rock record, the average composition of preserved continental <span class="hlt">basalts</span> has evolved along a generally continuous trajectory, with decreasing compatible element concentrations and increasing incompatible element concentrations, punctuated by a comparatively rapid transition in some variables such as La/Yb ratios and Zr, Nb, and Ti abundances approximately 2.5 Ga ago. Geochemical modeling of mantle melting systematics and trace element partitioning suggests that these observations can be explained by discontinuous changes in the mineralogy of mantle partial melting driven by a gradual decrease in mantle potential temperature, without appealing to any change in tectonic process. This interpretation is supported by the geochemical record of slab fluid input to continental <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, which indicates no long-term change in the global proportion of arc versus non-arc <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmatism at any time in the preserved rock record.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V51A3054Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V51A3054Y"><span>Magnesium Isotopic Compositions of Continental <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> From Various Tectonic Settings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, W.; Li, S.; Tian, H.; Ke, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Recycled sedimentary carbonate through subduction is the main light Mg isotopic reservoir in Earth's deep interior, thus Mg isotopic variation of mantle-derived melts provides a fresh perspective on investigating deep carbon cycling. Here we investigate Mg isotopic compositions of continental <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from various tectonic settings: (1) The Cenozoic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from eastern China, coinciding with the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone revealed by seismic tomography; (2) The Cenozoic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Tengchong area, southwestern China, which comprises a crucial part of the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates; (3) The Permian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Emeishan large igneous province, related to a mantle plume. The Cenozoic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from both eastern China and Tengchong area exhibit light Mg isotopic compositions (δ26Mg = -0.60 to -0.30‰ and -0.51 to -0.33‰), suggesting recycled sedimentary carbonates in their mantle sources. This is supported by their low Fe/Mn, high CaO/Al2O3, low Hf/Hf* and low Ti/Ti* ratios, which are typical features of carbonated peridotite-derived melt. The Tengchong <span class="hlt">basalts</span> also show high 87Sr/86Sr, high radiogenic Pb and upper crustal-like trace element pattern, indicating contribution of recycled continental crustal materials. By contrast, all Emeishan <span class="hlt">basalts</span> display a mantle-like Mg isotopic composition, with δ26Mg ranging from -0.35 to -0.19‰. Since the Emeishan <span class="hlt">basalts</span> derived from a mantle plume, their mantle-like Mg isotopic composition may indicate limited sedimentary carbonated recycled into the lower mantle. This is consistent with a recent experimental study which concluded that direct recycling of carbon into the lower mantle may have been highly restricted throughout most of the Earth's history.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMMR41A2672W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMMR41A2672W"><span>Experimental Investigation on the Topotaxy of <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> and Silicate Melts in Peridotite: Implications for the Origin of PGE-depleted Cu-Ni <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Deposit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Jin, Z.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Cu-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit is generally considered partial melt originated from the mantle which is usually PGE-enriched. However, the largest Cu-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits of China (the Jinchuan Cu-Ni deposit) is PGE-depleted. Comparing to silicate melt, the nature and topotaxy of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt have remained poorly understood. Here we report experimental investigation on the topotaxy of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and silicate melts in peridotite using a piston-cylinder press and a 5GPa Griggs-type deformation apparatus. The starting material consists of polycrystalline olivine or pyrolite and 1 wt% Fe-Ni-Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Hydrostatic and deformation experiments were conducted at a pressure of 1.5 GPa and a temperature of 1250°. Under hydrostatic conditions, our results reveal that the apparent dihedral angle of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt in an olivine matrix( 96°) is much larger than that of silicate + <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt in pyrolite(<60°) under hydrostatic conditions. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt pockets appear mostly as blobs in triple junctions with an immiscible Ni-poor center surrounded by a Ni-rich layer. Under deformation conditions, olivine develops pronounced fabrics with the pole of the (010) forming high concentrations approximately normal to the foliation plane and the [100] axes forming a girdle in the foliation plane. EBSD phase mapping analyses reveal strong shape preferred orientations (SPO) of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> +silicate melt in the 45, 90, 135 degree directions for deformation experiments indicating complete wetting of grain boundaries and forming a favorable source for ore deposits. Deformation also causes mixing of the Ni-rich and the Ni-poor <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts. As the platinum-group elements(PGE) prefer to concentrate in the Ni-rich <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt at high temperatures, our results suggest that the metallogenetic source of the PGE-depleted Cu-Ni deposits may have formed under relatively intense deformation and low temperatures with a small fraction of mixed <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and silicate melts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890023489&hterms=potassium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dpotassium','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890023489&hterms=potassium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dpotassium"><span>Importance of lunar granite and KREEP in very high potassium (VHK) <span class="hlt">basalt</span> petrogenesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Neal, Clive R.; Taylor, Lawrence A.; Lindstrom, Marilyn M.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Analysis of five very high potassium (VHK) <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Apollo 14 breccia 14303 shows the presence of a KREEP component. An assimilation and fractional crystallization model is presented to describe the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> evolution. The influence of granite assimilation on the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> evolution is discussed. The presence of VHK <span class="hlt">basalts</span> containing only a granite signature and those with both granite and KREEP signatures suggests that there are at least two different VHK <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows at the Apollo 14 site.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995GeCoA..59.4591H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995GeCoA..59.4591H"><span>Oligomerization in As (III) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> solutions: Theoretical constraints and spectroscopic evidence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Helz, George R.; Tossell, John A.; Charnock, John M.; Pattrick, Richard A. D.; Vaughan, David J.; David Garner, C.</p> <p>1995-11-01</p> <p>Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, gas-phase energetics, and proton affinities for various thioarsenite molecules and ions are predicted from molecular orbital theory and used to interpret EXAFS and Raman spectra of dissolved thioarsenites in undersaturated, alkaline 1 M NaHS solutions. From MO predictions, Raman peaks at 325 and 412 cm - are assigned to AsS(SH) 2- and a peak at 382 cm - to AsS 2(SH) 2- At alkaline pH, As-S distances in dissolved thioarsenites are 2.21-2.23 Å and no statistically significant As-As interactions are recorded, consistent with predominance of the monomers, AsS(SH) 2- and AsS 2(SH ) 2-. Estimated proton affinities suggest that thioarsenites with a negative charge greater than 2 are unstable in water. In seeming contradiction to this spectroscopic evidence, a new analysis of published solubility studies reinforces previous inferences that the trimer, As 3S 4(SH) 2-, is the predominant thioarsenite in systems <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with As 2S 3. Previously proposed dimeric species of the form, H xAs2S 4x- , are rejected based on predicted thermodynamic properties. Dimer plus tetramer combinations also are rejected. Estimated free energies for AsS (OH)(SH) - and AsS(SH) 2- are presented. We reconcile the spectroscopic and solubility evidence by showing that in undersaturated solutions monomers can become thermodynamically favored over oligomers. This pattern should be looked for in other <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> systems as well. <span class="hlt">Sulfidic</span> natural waters are in many cases undersaturated with respect to AS 2S 3 phases, so monomeric thioarsenites could be more important in nature than the trimers that have been characterized in <span class="hlt">saturated</span> solutions. EXAFS spectra show that amorphous AS 2S 3 resembles orpiment in the first shell around As, but that higher shells are disordered. Disorder may be caused by occasional realgar-like, As-As bonds, consistent with the observation that amorphous AS 2S 3 is slightly S deficient.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023387','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023387"><span>Density of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> core from Hilo drill hole, Hawaii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Moore, J.G.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Density measurements of 1600 samples of core from 889 to 3097 m depth below sea level in the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Program hole near Hilo, Hawaii show marked differences between the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rock types and help define stratigraphy in the hole. Water-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> densities of subaerial lava flows (occurring above 1079 m depth) have the broadest range because of the large density variation within a single lava flow. Water-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> densities commonly range from 2.0 to 3.0 with an average of 2.55 ?? 0.24 g/cc. Dikes and sills range from 2.8 to 3.1 g/cc). Densities of hyaloclastite commonly range from 2.3 to 2.7, with an overall average of about 2.5 g/cc. The low-density of most hyaloclastite is due primarily to palagonitization of abundant glass and presence of secondary minerals in the interstices between fragments. Four principal zones of pillow lava, separated by hyaloclastite, occur in the drill core. The shallowest (1983-2136 m) is paradoxically the densest, averaging 3.01 ?? 0.10 g/cc. The second (2234-2470 m) is decidedly the lightest, averaging 2.67 ?? 0.13 g/cc. The third (2640-2790 m) and fourth (2918-bottom at 3097 m) are high, averaging 2.89 ?? 0.17 and 2.97 ?? 0.08 g/cc, respectively. The first pillow zone includes degassed pillows i.e. lava erupted on land that flowed into the sea. These pillows are poor in vesicles, because the subaerial, one-atmosphere vesicles were compressed when the flow descended to deeper water and higher pressure. The second (low-density, non-degassed) pillow zone is the most vesicle-rich, apparently because it was erupted subaqueously at a shallow depth. The higher densities of the third and fourth zones result from a low vesicularity of only a few percent and an olivine content averaging more than 5% for the third zone and about 10% for the fourth zone. The uppermost hyaloclastite extending about 400 m below the bottom of the subaerial <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is poorly cemented and absorbs up to 6 wt% of water when immersed. Progressing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820038720&hterms=10062&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3D10062','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820038720&hterms=10062&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3D10062"><span>Chemistry of Apollo 11 low-K mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rhodes, J. M.; Blanchard, D. P.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>A reexamination of the bulk major and trace element geochemistry of Apollo 11 low-K mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is presented. New analyses are given for seven previously unanalyzed samples (10003, 10020, 10044, 10047, 10050, 10058, and 10062) and for two low-K <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (10029 and 10092) and one high-K <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (10071) for which comprehensive compositional data were previously lacking. The data show that three distinct magma types have been sampled, as proposed by Beaty and Albee (1978), and that these magma types are unrelated by near-surface crystal fractionation. Each magma type is characterized by distinctive magmaphile element ratios, which enable previously unclassified samples (10050 and 10062) to be assigned to an appropriate magma type.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PCM....44..431W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PCM....44..431W"><span>A Brillouin scattering study of hydrous <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses: the effect of H2O on their elastic behavior and implications for the densities of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Lei; Yang, De-Bin; Liu, Jun-Xiu; Hu, Bo; Xie, Hong-Sen; Li, Fang-Fei; Yu, Yang; Xu, Wen-Liang; Gao, Chun-Xiao</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Hydrous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glasses with water contents of 0-6.82% were synthesized using a multi-anvil press at 1.0-2.0 GPa and 1200-1400 °C. The starting materials were natural Mesozoic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the eastern North China Craton (NCC). Their sound velocities and elastic properties were measured by Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. The longitudinal ( V P) and shear ( V S) wave velocities decreased with increasing water content. Increasing the synthesis pressure resulted in the glass becoming denser, and finally led to an increase in V P. As the degree of depolymerization increased, the V P, V S, and shear and bulk moduli of the hydrous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glasses decreased, whereas the adiabatic compressibility increased. The partial molar volumes of water (ν) under ambient conditions were independent of composition, having values of 11.6 ± 0.8, 10.9 ± 0.6 and 11.5 ± 0.5 cm3/mol for the FX (Feixian), FW (Fuxin), and SHT (Sihetun) <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glasses, respectively. However, the {{V}_{{{{H}}_{{2}}}{O}}} values measured at elevated temperatures and pressures are increasing with increasing temperature or decreasing pressure. The contrasting densities of these hydrous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melts with those previously reported for mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and preliminary reference Earth model data indicate that hydrous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melts may not maintain gravitational stability at the base of the upper mantle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790055271&hterms=ghosts&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dghosts','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790055271&hterms=ghosts&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dghosts"><span>How thick are lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hoerz, F.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>It is argued that De Hon's estimates of the thickness of lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, made by analyzing 'ghost' craters on mare surfaces, were inflated as the result of the crater morphometric data of Pike (1977) to reconstruct rim heights of degraded craters. Crater rim heights of 82 randomly selected highland craters of various states of degradation were determined, and median rim height was compared to that of corresponding fresh impact structures. Results indicate that the thickness estimates of De Hon may be reduced by a factor of 2, and that the total volume of mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> produced throughout lunar history could be as little as 1-2 million cubic kilometers. A survey of geochemical and petrographic evidence indicates that lateral transport of regolith components over distances of much greater than 10 km is relatively inefficient; it is suggested that vertical mixing of a highland substrate underlying the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> fill may have had a primordial role in generating the observed mare width distributions and high concentrations of exotic components in intrabasin regoliths.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GeCoA.107...12T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GeCoA.107...12T"><span>Iron isotopic systematics of oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Teng, Fang-Zhen; Dauphas, Nicolas; Huang, Shichun; Marty, Bernard</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The iron isotopic compositions of 93 well-characterized <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from geochemically and geologically diverse mid-ocean ridge segments, oceanic islands and back arc basins were measured. Forty-three MORBs have homogeneous Fe isotopic composition, with δ56Fe ranging from +0.07‰ to +0.14‰ and an average of +0.105 ± 0.006‰ (2SD/√n, n = 43, MSWD = 1.9). Three back arc basin <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have similar δ56Fe to MORBs. By contrast, OIBs are slightly heterogeneous with δ56Fe ranging from +0.05‰ to +0.14‰ in samples from Koolau and Loihi, Hawaii, and from +0.09‰ to +0.18‰ in samples from the Society Islands and Cook-Austral chain, French Polynesia. Overall, oceanic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are isotopically heavier than mantle peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths, reflecting Fe isotope fractionation during partial melting of the mantle. Iron isotopic variations in OIBs mainly reflect Fe isotope fractionation during fractional crystallization of olivine and pyroxene, enhanced by source heterogeneity in Koolau samples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9988E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9988E"><span>Making rhyolite in a <span class="hlt">basalt</span> crucible</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Eichelberger, John</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Iceland has long attracted the attention of those concerned with the origin of rhyolitic magmas and indeed of granitic continental crust, because it presents no alternative for such magmas other than deriving them from a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> source. Hydrothermally altered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> has been identified as the progenitor. The fact that rhyolite erupts as pure liquid requires a process of melt-crustal separation that is highly efficient despite the high viscosity of rhyolite melt. Volcanoes in Iceland are foci of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma injection along the divergent plate boundary. Repeated injection produces remelting, digestion, and sometimes expulsion or lateral withdrawal of material resulting in a caldera, a "crucible" holding down-dropped and interlayered lava flows, tephras, and injected sills. Once melting of this charge begins, a great deal of heat is absorbed in the phase change. Just 1% change in crystallinity per degree gives a melt-present body an effective heat capacity >5 times the subsolidus case. Temperature is thus buffered at the solidus and melt composition at rhyolite. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> inputs are episodic ("fires") so likely the resulting generation of rhyolite by melting is too. If frequent enough to offset cooling between events, rhyolite melt extractions will accumulate as a rhyolite magma reservoir rather than as discrete crystallized sills. Evidently, such magma bodies can survive multiple firings without themselves erupting, as the 1875 eruption of Askja Caldera of 0.3 km3 of rhyolite equilibrated at 2-km depth without previous leakage over a ten-millennium period and the surprise discovery of rhyolite magma at 2-km depth in Krafla suggest. Water is required for melting; otherwise melting cannot begin at a temperature lower than that of the heat source. Because the solubility of water in melt is pressure-dependent and almost zero at surface pressure, there must be a minimum depth at which <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-induced melting can occur and a rhyolite reservoir sustained. In practice, the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70001390','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70001390"><span>Vesicles, water, and sulfur in Reykjanes Ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Moore, J.G.; Schilling, J.-G.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>Dredge hauls of fresh submarine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> collected from the axis of the Reykjanes Ridge (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) south of Iceland were taken aboard R/ V TRIDENT in 1967 and 1971. The samples show systematic changes as the water depth of collection (and eruption) decreases: radially elongate vesicles and concentric zones of vesicles appear at about 700 m depth and are conspicuous to shallow water; the smoothed volume percent of vesicles increases from 5% at 1000 m, 10% at 700 m, to 16% at 500 m, and the scatter in degree of vesicularity increases in shallower water; specific gravity decreases from 2.7??0.1 at 1000 m to 2.3??0.3 at 100 m. Bulk sulfur content for the outer 2 cm averages 843 ppm up to a depth of 200 m, then drops off rapidly in shallower water owing to degassing. Sulfur content below 200 m is independent of depth (or geographic position), and the melt is apparently <span class="hlt">saturated</span> with sulfur, but the excess cannot escape the lava unless another vehicle carries it out. Only shallower than 200 m, where intense vesiculation of other gases occurs can excess sulfur be lost from the lava erupting on the sea floor. H2O+110?? averages about 0.35 percent and H2O+150?? about 0.25 percent, and both apparently decrease in water shallower than 200 m as a result of degassing. H2O+ (below 200 m) decreases with distance from Iceland or increasing depth, presumably as a result of either adsorption of water on the surface of shallower, more vesicular rocks; or more likely due to the presence of the Iceland hot mantle plume supplying undifferentiated primordial material, relative to lavas of the Reykjanes Ridge supplied from the low velocity layer already depleted in volatiles and large lithophile elements. The H2O+110??/S ratio of lava erupting below 200 m water depth ranges from 3 to 5 which is comparable to reliable gas analyses from oceanic <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanoes. ?? 1973 Springer-Verlag.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5455386','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5455386"><span>Bonding Properties of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Fiber and Strength Reduction According to Fiber Orientation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Choi, Jeong-Il; Lee, Bang Yeon</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber is a promising reinforcing fiber because it has a relatively higher tensile strength and a density similar to that of a concrete matrix as well as no corrosion possibility. This study investigated experimentally the bonding properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber with cementitious material as well as the effect of fiber orientation on the tensile strength of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber for evaluating <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber’s suitability as a reinforcing fiber. Single fiber pullout tests were performed and then the tensile strength of fiber was measured according to fiber orientation. The test results showed that <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber has a strong chemical bond with the cementitious matrix, 1.88 times higher than that of polyvinyl alcohol fibers with it. However, other properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber such as slip-hardening coefficient and strength reduction coefficient were worse than PVA and polyethylene fibers in terms of fiber bridging capacity. Theoretical fiber-bridging curves showed that the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber reinforcing system has a higher cracking strength than the PVA fiber reinforcing system, but the reinforcing system showed softening behavior after cracking. PMID:28793595</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28793595','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28793595"><span>Bonding Properties of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Fiber and Strength Reduction According to Fiber Orientation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choi, Jeong-Il; Lee, Bang Yeon</p> <p>2015-09-30</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber is a promising reinforcing fiber because it has a relatively higher tensile strength and a density similar to that of a concrete matrix as well as no corrosion possibility. This study investigated experimentally the bonding properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber with cementitious material as well as the effect of fiber orientation on the tensile strength of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber for evaluating <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber's suitability as a reinforcing fiber. Single fiber pullout tests were performed and then the tensile strength of fiber was measured according to fiber orientation. The test results showed that <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber has a strong chemical bond with the cementitious matrix, 1.88 times higher than that of polyvinyl alcohol fibers with it. However, other properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber such as slip-hardening coefficient and strength reduction coefficient were worse than PVA and polyethylene fibers in terms of fiber bridging capacity. Theoretical fiber-bridging curves showed that the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber reinforcing system has a higher cracking strength than the PVA fiber reinforcing system, but the reinforcing system showed softening behavior after cracking.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010936','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010936"><span>87Sr/86Sr ratios in <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from islands in the Indian Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hedge, C.E.; Watkins, N.D.; Hildreth, R.A.; Doering, W.P.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>87Sr/86Sr ratios of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from islands in the Indian Ocean (0.7040) are higher than those of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> dredged from the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge (0.7034). The sources of the island <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have apparently not been in equilibrium with the source of the ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> for roughly 109 years. Both ridge and island <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the Indian Ocean are higher in 87Sr/86Sr than are rocks from similar settings in the eastern Pacific. ?? 1973.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030110756&hterms=comparative&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dcomparative','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030110756&hterms=comparative&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dcomparative"><span>Comparative Planetary Mineralogy: <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Plagioclase from Earth, Moon, Mars and 4 Vesta</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Karner, J. M.; Papike, J. J.; Shearer, C. K.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Major, minor and trace element analysis of silicates has allowed for the study of planetary <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in a comparative planetary mineralogy context. We continue this initiative by exploring the chemistry of plagioclase feldspar in <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Earth, Moon, Mars and 4 Vesta. This paper presents new data on plagioclase from six terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suites including Keweenawan, Island Arc, Hawaiian, Columbia Plateau, Taos Plateau, and Ocean Floor; six lunar <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suites including Apollo 11 Low K, Apollo 12 Ilmenite, Apollo 12 Olivine, Apollo 12 Pigeonite, Apollo 15 Olivine, and Apollo 15 Pigeonite; two <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> martian meteorites, Shergotty and QUE 94201; and one unequilibrated eucrite, Pasamonte.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010428','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010428"><span>Phase relations of a simulated lunar <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as a function of oxygen fugacity, and their bearing on the petrogenesis of the Apollo 11 <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Tuthill, R.L.; Sato, M.</p> <p>1970-01-01</p> <p>A glass of Apollo 11 <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composition crystallizing at 1 atm at low f{hook}02 showed the following crystallization sequence; ferropseudobrookite at 1210??C, olivine at 1200??C, ilmenite and plagioclase at 1140??C, clinopyroxene at 1113??C. Ferropseudobrookite and olivine have a reaction relation to the melt. This sequence agrees with that assumed on textural grounds for some Apollo 11 <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. It also indicates that the Apollo 11 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> cannot have been modified by low-pressure fractionation. ?? 1970.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581905','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581905"><span>Growing magma chambers control the distribution of small-scale flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yu, Xun; Chen, Li-Hui; Zeng, Gang</p> <p>2015-11-19</p> <p>Small-scale continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are a global phenomenon characterized by regular spatio-temporal distributions. However, no genetic mechanism has been proposed to explain the visible but overlooked distribution patterns of these continental <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanism. Here we present a case study from eastern China, combining major and trace element analyses with Ar-Ar and K-Ar dating to show that the spatio-temporal distribution of small-scale flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is controlled by the growth of long-lived magma chambers. Evolved <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (SiO2 > 47.5 wt.%) from Xinchang-Shengzhou, a small-scale Cenozoic flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> field in Zhejiang province, eastern China, show a northward younging trend over the period 9.4-3.0 Ma. With northward migration, the magmas evolved only slightly ((Na2O + K2O)/MgO = 0.40-0.66; TiO2/MgO = 0.23-0.35) during about 6 Myr (9.4-3.3 Ma). When the flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> reached the northern end of the province, the magmas evolved rapidly (3.3-3.0 Ma) through a broad range of compositions ((Na2O + K2O)/MgO = 0.60-1.28; TiO2/MgO = 0.30-0.57). The distribution and two-stage compositional evolution of the migrating flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> record continuous magma replenishment that buffered against magmatic evolution and induced magma chamber growth. Our results demonstrate that the magma replenishment-magma chamber growth model explains the spatio-temporal distribution of small-scale flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.211...48H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.211...48H"><span>Copper isotope fractionation during partial melting and melt percolation in the upper mantle: Evidence from massif peridotites in Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italian Alps</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Jian; Huang, Fang; Wang, Zaicong; Zhang, Xingchao; Yu, Huimin</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>To investigate the behavior of Cu isotopes during partial melting and melt percolation in the mantle, we have analyzed Cu isotopic compositions of a suite of well-characterized Paleozoic peridotites from the Balmuccia and Baldissero massifs in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ, Northern Italy). Our results show that fresh lherzolites and harzburgites have a large variation of δ65Cu ranging from -0.133 to 0.379‰, which are negatively correlated with Al2O3 contents as well as incompatible platinum-group (e.g., Pd) and chalcophile element (e.g., Cu, S, Se, and Te) contents. The high δ65Cu can be explained by Cu isotope fractionation during partial melting of a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-bearing peridotite source, with the light isotope (63Cu) preferentially entering the melts. The low δ65Cu can be attributed to precipitation of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> enriched in 63Cu during sulfur-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> melt percolation. Replacive dunites from the Balmuccia massif display high δ65Cu from 0.544 to 0.610‰ with lower Re, Pd, S, Se, and Te contents and lower Pd/Ir ratios relative to lherzolites, which may result from dissolution of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> during interactions between S-undersaturated melts and lherzolites at high melt/rock ratios. Thus, our results suggest that partial melting and melt percolation largely account for the Cu isotopic heterogeneity of the upper mantle. The correlation between δ65Cu and Cu contents of the lherzolites and harzburgites was used to model Cu isotope fractionation during partial melting of a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-bearing peridotite, because Cu is predominantly hosted in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The modelling results indicate an isotope fractionation factor of αmelt-peridotite = 0.99980-0.99965 (i.e., 103lnαmelt-peridotite = -0.20 to -0.35‰). In order to explain the Cu isotopic systematics of komatiites and mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> reported previously, the estimated αmelt-peridotite was used to simulate Cu isotopic variations in melts generated by variable degrees of mantle melting. The results suggest that high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035247','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035247"><span>A mantle plume beneath California? The mid-Miocene Lovejoy Flood <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, northern California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Garrison, N.J.; Busby, C.J.; Gans, P.B.; Putirka, K.; Wagner, D.L.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The Lovejoy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> represents the largest eruptive unit identified in California, and its age, volume, and chemistry indicate a genetic affinity with the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group and its associated mantle-plume activity. Recent field mapping, geochemical analyses, and radiometric dating suggest that the Lovejoy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> erupted during the mid-Miocene from a fissure at Thompson Peak, south of Susanville, California. The Lovejoy flowed through a paleovalley across the northern end of the Sierra Nevada to the Sacramento Valley, a distance of 240 km. Approximately 150 km3 of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> were erupted over a span of only a few centuries. Our age dates for the Lovejoy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> cluster are near 15.4 Ma and suggest that it is coeval with the 16.1-15.0 Ma Imnaha and Grande Ronde flows of the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group. Our new mapping and age dating support the interpretation that the Lovejoy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> erupted in a forearc position relative to the ancestral Cascades arc, in contrast with the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group, which erupted in a backarc position. The arc front shifted trenchward into the Sierran block after 15.4 Ma. However, the Lovejoy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> appears to be unrelated to volcanism of the predominantly calc-alkaline Cascade arc; instead, the Lovejoy is broadly tholeiitic, with trace-element characteristics similar to the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group. Association of the Lovejoy <span class="hlt">basalt</span> with mid-Miocene flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> volcanism has considerable implications for North American plume dynamics and strengthens the thermal "point source" explanation, as provided by the mantle-plume hypothesis. Alternatives to the plume hypothesis usually call upon lithosphere-scale cracks to control magmatic migrations in the Yellowstone-Columbia River <span class="hlt">basalt</span> region. However, it is difficult to imagine a lithosphere-scale flaw that crosses Precambrian basement and accreted terranes to reach the Sierra microplate, where the Lovejoy is located. Therefore, we propose that the Lovejoy represents a rapid</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.H41C1305T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.H41C1305T"><span>Hydrologic Responses to CO2 Injection in <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> Based on Flow-through Experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thomas, D.; Hingerl, F.; Garing, C.; Bird, D. K.; Benson, S. M.; Maher, K.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Experimental studies of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-CO2 interactions have increased our ability to predict geochemical responses within a mafic reservoir during geologic CO2 sequestration. However, the lack of flow-through experiments prevents the use of coupled hydrologic-geochemical models to predict evolution of permeability and porosity, critical parameters for assessing storage feasibility. We present here results of three flow-through experiments on an intact <span class="hlt">basalt</span> core during which we employed X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to quantify porosity evolution and fluid flow. Using a single core of glassy <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> tuff from the Snake River Plain (Menan Buttes complex), we performed tracer tests using a solution of NaI (~100,000 ppm) before and after injection of CO2-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> water at reservoir conditions (90 bar, 50°C) to image porosity and flow path distribution. During the tracer tests, CT scans were taken at 2.5-minute intervals, and outlet fluid was discretely sampled at the same intervals and subsequently measured via ICP-MS, enabling interpretation of the tracer breakthrough curve through both imaging and geochemical analyses. Comparison of the porosity distribution from before and after injection of CO2 shows an overall decrease in core-averaged porosity from 34% to 31.1%. Permeability decreased exponentially from ~4.9x10-12 m2 to 1.18 x10-12 m2. The decrease in porosity and permeability suggests geochemical transformations in the mineral assemblage of the core, which we observe through petrographic analysis of an unaltered sample of the same lithology in contrast with the altered core. There is a significant increase in grain coatings, as well as reduction in the grain size, suggesting dissolution re-precipitation mechanisms. Finally, to develop a framework for the coupled geochemical and hydrologic responses observed experimentally, we have calibrated a reactive transport model at the core scale using the TOUGHREACT simulator [1]. [1] Xu et al. (2011) Comput. Geosci.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/969665','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/969665"><span>Preliminary Hydrogeologic Characterization Results from the Wallula <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Pilot Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>B.P. McGrail; E. C. Sullivan; F. A. Spane</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>The DOE's Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership has completed drilling the first continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sequestration pilot borehole to a total depth (TD) of 4,110 feet on the Boise White Paper Mill property at Wallula, Washington. Site suitability was assessed prior to drilling by the 2007-2008 acquisition, processing and analysis of a four-mile, five-line three component seismic swath, which was processed as a single data-dense line. Analysis of the seismic survey data indicated a composite <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formation thickness of {approx}8,000 feet and absence of major geologic structures (i.e., faults) along the line imaged by the seismic swath. Drilling ofmore » Wallula pilot borehole was initiated on January 13, 2009 and reached TD on April 6, 2009. Based on characterization results obtained during drilling, three <span class="hlt">basalt</span> breccia zones were identified between the depth interval of 2,716 and 2,910 feet, as being suitable injection reservoir for a subsequent CO2 injection pilot study. The targeted injection reservoir lies stratigraphically below the massive Umtanum Member of the Grande Ronde <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, whose flow-interior section possesses regionally recognized low-permeability characteristics. The identified composite injection zone reservoir provides a unique and attractive opportunity to scientifically study the reservoir behavior of three inter-connected reservoir intervals below primary and secondary caprock confining zones. Drill cuttings, wireline geophysical logs, and 31one-inch diameter rotary sidewall cores provided geologic data for characterization of rock properties. XRF analyses of selected rock samples provided geochemical characterizations of the rocks and stratigraphic control for the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows encountered by the Wallula pilot borehole. Based on the geochemical results, the pilot borehole was terminated in the Wapshilla Ridge 1 flow of the Grande Ronde <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Formation. Detailed hydrologic test characterizations of 12 <span class="hlt">basalt</span> interflow</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0048/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0048/report.pdf"><span>Results of test drilling in the <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> aquifer near Fallon, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Maurer, Douglas K.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Drilling of two test holes into the Fallon <span class="hlt">basalt</span> aquifer commenced August 14, 2001. The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> aquifer is located beneath the Carson Desert, near Fallon, Nevada, and is the sole source of drinking water for the City of Fallon, the Naval Air Station (NAS) Fallon, and the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> comprising the aquifer is exposed at Rattlesnake Hill, an eroded volcanic cone, about 1 mile northeast of Fallon, and the remainder is buried beneath sediments deposited by the Carson River and ancient Lake Lahontan to depths of 600 feet near its edges (fig. 1). The <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-aquifer system is a mushroom-shaped body of highly permeable volcanic rock. Viewed from above, the lateral extent of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> body is oval-shaped, about 4-miles wide and 10-miles long (fig. 1). Drilling was part of a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Bureau of Reclamation, and NAS Fallon. The study was started because of concern about the continued viability of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-aquifer system as a source of municipal water supply. Increased pumping from about 1,700 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) in the 1970?s to over 3,000 acre-ft/yr in the late 1990?s has caused water levels in the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> to decline as much as 12 feet (fig. 2). During this same time period, water pumped from the aquifer at NAS Fallon and the City of Fallon wells showed that concentrations of dissolved chloride increased, although chloride concentrations were well within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s (EPA) drinking-water standards; at this rate of increase, it would take decades to exceed the present standard (Maurer and Welch, 2001, p. 46). Concentrations of arsenic in the aquifer are about 0.1 milligrams per liter (mg/L), exceeding the drinking-water standard of 0.01 mg/L, but show no apparent change over time (Maurer and Welch, 2001, p. 10 and 48; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001). Increasing concentrations of chloride may be caused by increased pumping, that induces</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983E%26PSL..66..356H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983E%26PSL..66..356H"><span>Petrology of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hawkins, James; Melchior, John</p> <p>1983-12-01</p> <p>Loihi Seamount is the southeasternmost active volcano of the Emperor-Hawaii linear volcanic chain. It comprises a spectrum of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> compositional varieties including basanite, alkali <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, transitional <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and tholeiite. Samples from four dredge collections made on Scripps Institution of Oceanography Benthic Expedition in October 1982 are tholeiite. The samples include highly vesicular, olivine-rich <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and dense glass-rich pillow fragments containing olivine and augite phenocrysts. Both quartz-normative and olivine-normative tholeiites are present. Minor and trace element data indicate relatively high abundances of low partition coefficient elements (e.g., Ti, K, P. Rb, Ba, Zr) and suggest that the samples were derived by relatively small to moderate extent of partial melting, of an undepleted mantle source. Olivine composition, MgO, Cr and Ni abundances, and Mg/(Mg+Fe), are typical of moderately fractionated to relatively unfractionated "primary" magmas. The variations in chemistry between samples cannot be adequately explained by low-pressure fractional crystallization but can be satisfied by minor variations in extent of melting if a homogeneous source is postulated. Alternatively, a heterogeneous source with variable abundances of certain trace elements, or mixing of liquids, may have been involved. Data for 3He/ 4He, presented in a separate paper, implies a mantle plume origin for the helium composition of the Loihi samples. There is little variation in the helium isotope ratio for samples having different compositions and textures. The helium data are not distinctive enough to unequivocally separate the magma sources for the tholeiitic rocks from the other rock types such as Loihi alkalic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the whole source region for Loihi may have a nearly uniform helium compositions even though other element abundances may be variable. Complex petrologic processes including variable melting, fractional crystallization and magma mixing may have blurred</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27670770','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27670770"><span>Code <span class="hlt">Saturation</span> Versus Meaning <span class="hlt">Saturation</span>: How Many Interviews Are Enough?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hennink, Monique M; Kaiser, Bonnie N; Marconi, Vincent C</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Saturation</span> is a core guiding principle to determine sample sizes in qualitative research, yet little methodological research exists on parameters that influence <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. Our study compared two approaches to assessing <span class="hlt">saturation</span>: code <span class="hlt">saturation</span> and meaning <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. We examined sample sizes needed to reach <span class="hlt">saturation</span> in each approach, what <span class="hlt">saturation</span> meant, and how to assess <span class="hlt">saturation</span>. Examining 25 in-depth interviews, we found that code <span class="hlt">saturation</span> was reached at nine interviews, whereby the range of thematic issues was identified. However, 16 to 24 interviews were needed to reach meaning <span class="hlt">saturation</span> where we developed a richly textured understanding of issues. Thus, code <span class="hlt">saturation</span> may indicate when researchers have "heard it all," but meaning <span class="hlt">saturation</span> is needed to "understand it all." We used our results to develop parameters that influence <span class="hlt">saturation</span>, which may be used to estimate sample sizes for qualitative research proposals or to document in publications the grounds on which <span class="hlt">saturation</span> was achieved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870000017&hterms=thermoelectric+properties&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dthermoelectric%2Bproperties','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870000017&hterms=thermoelectric+properties&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dthermoelectric%2Bproperties"><span>Thermoelectric Properties of Lanthanum <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wood, C.; Lockwood, R.; Parker, J. B.; Zoltan, A.; Zoltan, L. D.; Danielson, L.; Raag, V.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Report describes measurement of Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and Hall effect in gamma-phase lanthanum <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with composition of La3-x S4. Results of study, part of search for high-temperature thermoelectric energy-conversion materials, indicate this <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> behaves like extrinsic semiconductor over temperature range of 300 to 1,400 K, with degenerate carrier concentration controlled by stoichiometric ratio of La to S.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24907315','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24907315"><span>Extracellular enzyme activity and microbial diversity measured on seafloor exposed <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Loihi seamount indicate the importance of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to global biogeochemical cycling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jacobson Meyers, Myrna E; Sylvan, Jason B; Edwards, Katrina J</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>Seafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are widely distributed and host diverse prokaryotic communities, but no data exist concerning the metabolic rates of the resident microbial communities. We present here potential extracellular enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) measured on <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples from different locations on Loihi Seamount, HI, coupled with analysis of prokaryotic biomass and pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The community maximum potential enzyme activity (Vmax) of LAP ranged from 0.47 to 0.90 nmol (g rock)(-1) h(-1); the Vmax for AP was 28 to 60 nmol (g rock)(-1) h(-1). The Km of LAP ranged from 26 to 33 μM, while the Km for AP was 2 to 7 μM. Bacterial communities on Loihi <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were comprised primarily of Alpha-, Delta-, andGammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes. The putative ability to produce LAP is evenly distributed across the most commonly detected bacterial orders, but the ability to produce AP is likely dominated by bacteria in the orders Xanthomonadales, Flavobacteriales, and Planctomycetales. The enzyme activities on Loihi <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were compared to those of other marine environments that have been studied and were found to be similar in magnitude to those from continental shelf sediments and orders of magnitude higher than any measured in the water column, demonstrating that the potential for exposed <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to transform organic matter is substantial. We propose that microbial communities on <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rock play a significant, quantifiable role in benthic biogeochemical processes. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol2-sec250-808.pdf"><span>30 CFR 250.808 - Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 250.808 Section 250.808 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Safety Systems § 250.808 Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Production operations in zones known to contain hydrogen...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012203','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012203"><span>Platinum metals in magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Naldrett, A.J.; Duke, J.M.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Platinum-group elements (PGE) are mined predominantly from deposits that have formed by the segregation of molten iron-nickel-copper <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from silicate magmas. The absolute concentrations of PGE in <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from different deposits vary over a range of five orders of magnitude, whereas those of other chalcophile elements vary by factors of only 2 to 100. However, the relative proportions of the different PGE in a given deposit are systematically related to the nature of the parent magma. The absolute and relative concentrations of PGE in magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are explained in terms of the degree of partial melting of mantle peridotite required to produce the parent magma and the processes of batch equilibration and fractional segregation of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The Republic of South Africa and the U.S.S.R. together possess more than 97 percent of the world PGE reserves, but significant undeveloped resources occur in North America. The Stillwater complex in Montana is perhaps the most important example. Copyright ?? 1980 AAAS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176045','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176045"><span>Method for inhibiting oxidation of metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-containing material</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Elsetinow, Alicia; Borda, Michael J.; Schoonen, Martin A.; Strongin, Daniel R.</p> <p>2006-12-26</p> <p>The present invention provides means for inhibiting the oxidation of a metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-containing material, such as ore mine waste rock or metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> taiulings, by coating the metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-containing material with an oxidation-inhibiting two-tail lipid coating (12) thereon, thereby inhibiting oxidation of the metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-containing material in acid mine drainage conditions. The lipids may be selected from phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids and combinations thereof.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=617','SCIGOV-IRIS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=617"><span>Carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/iris">Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ; CASRN 463 - 58 - 1 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data , as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process . Sections I ( Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=458','SCIGOV-IRIS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=458"><span>Selenium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/iris">Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Selenium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ; CASRN 7446 - 34 - 6 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data , as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process . Sections I ( Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT.......271K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT.......271K"><span>Evaluation of thiosulfate as a substitute for hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in sour corrosion fatigue studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kappes, Mariano Alberto</p> <p></p> <p>This work evaluates the possibility of replacing hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H 2S) with thiosulfate anion (S2O32- ) in sour corrosion fatigue studies. H2S increases the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) and can be present in carbon steel risers and flowlines used in off-shore oil production. Corrosion tests with gaseous H2S require special facilities with safety features, because H2S is a toxic and flammable gas. The possibility of replacing H2S with S2O32-, a non-toxic anion, for studying stress corrosion cracking of stainless and carbon steels in H2S solutions was first proposed by Tsujikawa et al. ( Tsujikawa et al., Corrosion, 1993. 49(5): p. 409-419). In this dissertation, Tsujikawa work will be extended to sour corrosion fatigue of carbon steels. H2S testing is often conducted in deareated condition to avoid oxygen reaction with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> that yields sulfur and to mimic oil production conditions. Nitrogen deareation was also adopted in S2O3 2- testing, and gas exiting the cell was forced through a sodium hydroxide trap. Measurements of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> content of this trap were used to estimate the partial pressure of H2S in nitrogen, and Henry's law was used to estimate the content of H2S in the solution in the cell. H2S was produced by a redox reaction of S2O 32-, which required electrons from carbon steel corrosion. This reaction is spontaneous at the open circuit potential of steel. Therefore, H2S concentration was expected to be maximum at the steel surface, and this concentration was estimated by a mass balance analysis. Carbon steel specimens exposed to S2O32- containing solutions developed a film on their surface, composed by iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and cementite. The film was not passivating and a good conductor of electrons. Hydrogen permeation experiments proved that this film controls the rate of hydrogen absorption of steels exposed to thiosulfate containing solutions. The absorption of hydrogen in S2O3 2- solutions was compared with the absorption of hydrogen in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1344633-field-validation-supercritical-co-reactivity-basalts','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1344633-field-validation-supercritical-co-reactivity-basalts"><span>Field Validation of Supercritical CO 2 Reactivity with <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>McGrail, B. Peter; Schaef, Herbert T.; Spane, Frank A.</p> <p>2017-01-10</p> <p>Continued global use of fossil fuels places a premium on developing technology solutions to minimize increases in atmospheric CO 2 levels. CO 2 storage in reactive <span class="hlt">basalts</span> might be one of these solutions by permanently converting injected gaseous CO 2 into solid carbonates. Herein we report results from a field demonstration where ~1000 MT of CO 2 was injected into a natural <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formation in Eastern Washington State. Following two years of post-injection monitoring, cores were obtained from within the injection zone and subjected to detailed physical and chemical analysis. Nodules found in vesicles throughout the cores were identified asmore » the carbonate mineral, ankerite Ca[Fe, Mg, Mn](CO 3) 2. Carbon isotope analysis showed the nodules are chemically distinct as compared with natural carbonates present in the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and clear correlation with the isotopic signature of the injected CO 2. These findings provide field validation of rapid mineralization rates observed from years of laboratory testing with <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940007601&hterms=th&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940007601&hterms=th&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dth"><span>Th-230 - U-238 series disequilibrium of the Olkaria <span class="hlt">basalts</span> Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Black, S.; Macdonald, R.; Kelly, M.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>U-Th disequilibrium analyses of the Naivasha <span class="hlt">basalts</span> show a very small (U-238/Th-230) ratios which are lower than any previously analyzed <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The broadly positive internal isochron trend from one sample indicates that the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> may have source heterogeneities, this is supported by earlier work. The Naivasha complex comprises a bimodal suite of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and rhyolites. The <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are divided into two stratigraphic groups each of a transitional nature. The early <span class="hlt">basalt</span> series (EBS) which were erupted prior to the Group 1 comendites and, the late <span class="hlt">basalt</span> series (LBS) which erupted temporally between the Broad Acres and the Ololbutot centers. The <span class="hlt">basalts</span> represent a very small percentage of the overall eruptive volume of material at Naivasha (less than 2 percent). The analyzed samples come from four stratigraphic units in close proximity around Ndabibi, Hell's Gate and Akira areas. The earliest units occur as vesicular flows from the Ndabibi plain. These <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are olivine-plagioclase phyric with the associated hawaiites being sparsely plagioclase phyric. An absolute age of 0.5Ma was estimated for these <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The next youngest <span class="hlt">basalts</span> flows occur as younger tuft cones in the Ndabibi area and are mainly olivine-plagioclase-clinopyroxcene phyric with one purely plagioclase phyric sample. The final phase of activity at Ndabibi resulted in much younger tuft cones consisting of air fall ashes and lapilli tufts. Many of these contain resorbed plagioclase phenocrysts with sample number 120c also being clinopyroxene phyric. The isotopic evidence for the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formation is summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018BVol...80...54P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018BVol...80...54P"><span>Complex layering of the Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>: New Jersey, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Puffer, John H.; Block, Karin A.; Steiner, Jeffrey C.; Laskowich, Chris</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> of New Jersey is a Mesozoic formation consisting of three units: a single lower inflated sheet lobe about 70 m thick (OMB1), a middle pillow <span class="hlt">basalt</span> about 10 to 20 m thick (OMB2), and an upper compound pahoehoe flow about 20 to 40 m thick (OMB3). The Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> is part of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Quarry and road-cut exposures of OMB1 near Paterson, New Jersey, display some unusual layering that is the focus of this study. OMB1 exposures displays the typical upper crust, core, and basal crust layers of sheet lobes but throughout the Patterson area also display distinct light gray layers of microvesicular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> mineralized with albite directly over the basal crust and under the upper crust. The lower microvesicular layer is associated with mega-vesicular diapirs. We propose that the upper and lower microvesicular layers were composed of viscous crust that was suddenly quenched before it could devolatilize immediately before the solidification of the core. During initial cooling, the bottom of the basal layer was mineralized with high concentrations of calcite and albite during a high-temperature hydrothermal event. Subsequent albitization, as well as zeolite, prehnite, and calcite precipitation events, occurred during burial and circulation of basin brine heated by recurring Palisades magmatism below the Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>. Some of the events experienced by the Orange Mountain <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> are unusual and place constraints on the fluid dynamics of thick flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows in general. The late penetration of vesicular diapirs through the entire thickness of the flow interior constrains its viscosity and solidification history.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874431','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874431"><span>Methods for producing hydrogen (BI) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and/or removing metals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Truex, Michael J [Richland, WA; Peyton, Brent M [Pullman, WA; Toth, James J [Kennewick, WA</p> <p>2002-05-14</p> <p>The present invention is a process wherein <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production by bacteria is efficiently turned on and off, using pH adjustment. The adjustment of pH impacts <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production by bacteria by altering the relative amounts of H.sub.2 S and HS-- in solution and thereby control the inhibition of the bacterial metabolism that produces <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. This process can be used to make a bioreactor produce <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> "on-demand" so that the production of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> can be matched to its use as a metal precipitation reagent. The present invention is of significance because it enables the use of a biological reactor, a cost effective <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production system, by making the biological reactor produce hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> "on demand", and therefore responsive to production schedules, waste stream generation rate, and health and safety requirements/goals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4652174','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4652174"><span>Growing magma chambers control the distribution of small-scale flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yu, Xun; Chen, Li-Hui; Zeng, Gang</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Small-scale continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are a global phenomenon characterized by regular spatio-temporal distributions. However, no genetic mechanism has been proposed to explain the visible but overlooked distribution patterns of these continental <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanism. Here we present a case study from eastern China, combining major and trace element analyses with Ar–Ar and K–Ar dating to show that the spatio-temporal distribution of small-scale flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is controlled by the growth of long-lived magma chambers. Evolved <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (SiO2 > 47.5 wt.%) from Xinchang–Shengzhou, a small-scale Cenozoic flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> field in Zhejiang province, eastern China, show a northward younging trend over the period 9.4–3.0 Ma. With northward migration, the magmas evolved only slightly ((Na2O + K2O)/MgO = 0.40–0.66; TiO2/MgO = 0.23–0.35) during about 6 Myr (9.4–3.3 Ma). When the flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> reached the northern end of the province, the magmas evolved rapidly (3.3–3.0 Ma) through a broad range of compositions ((Na2O + K2O)/MgO = 0.60–1.28; TiO2/MgO = 0.30–0.57). The distribution and two-stage compositional evolution of the migrating flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> record continuous magma replenishment that buffered against magmatic evolution and induced magma chamber growth. Our results demonstrate that the magma replenishment–magma chamber growth model explains the spatio-temporal distribution of small-scale flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. PMID:26581905</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860049965&hterms=potassium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dpotassium','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860049965&hterms=potassium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dpotassium"><span>Geochronology and petrogenesis of Apollo 14 very high potassium mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shih, C.-Y.; Bansal, B. M.; Wiesmann, H.; Nyquist, L. E.; Bogard, D. D.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and Sm-Nd isotopic studies were undertaken for two Apollo 14 very high potassium (VHK) highly radiogenic mare <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> clasts from breccias 14305 and 14168. Rb-Sr data indicate ages of 3.83 + or - 0.08 b.y., and 3.82 + or - 0.12 b.y. for samples 14305 and 14168 respectively, for lambda(Rb-87) = 0.0 139/b.y. Their corresponding initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios are nearly identical, as well as their Ar-39 to Ar-40 age spectra, and it is proposed that they were derived from the same flow. The Sm-Nd isotopic data of whole rock and mineral separates for the two VHK <span class="hlt">basalts</span> define an internal isochrone age of 3.94 + or - 0.16 b.y. for lambda (Sm-147) = 0.00654/b.y. and an initial Nd-143/Nd-144 of 0.50673 + or - 21. The similarity in isotopic ages suggests that VHK <span class="hlt">basalts</span> crystallized from a melt about 3.85 b.y. ago. VHK <span class="hlt">basalts</span> show very large Rb/Sr fractionation but no significant Sm/Nd fractionation at the time of crystallization. The source material had a Rb/Sr ratio similar to those of Apollo 14 high-Al mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and a nearly chrondritic Sm/Nd ratio. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>/granite interaction was found to be responsible for the extreme enrichments of Rb/Sr and K/La during the formation of VHK <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. It is concluded that K, Rb-rich components of granitic wall rocks in the highland crust were selectively introduced into ascending hot high-Al mare <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma upon contact.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=potassium&pg=6&id=EJ339350','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=potassium&pg=6&id=EJ339350"><span>A Reaction Involving Oxygen and Metal <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hill, William D. Jr.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Describes a procedure for oxygen generation by thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate in presence of manganese dioxide, reacted with various <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. Provides a table of sample product yields for various <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. (JM)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5966778','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5966778"><span>Role of reactive oxygen species and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-quinone oxoreductase in hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-induced contraction of rat pulmonary arteries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Prieto-Lloret, Jesus; Snetkov, Vladimir A.; Shaifta, Yasin; Docio, Inmaculada; Connolly, Michelle J.; MacKay, Charles E.; Knock, Greg A.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Application of H2S (“sulfide”) elicits a complex contraction in rat pulmonary arteries (PAs) comprising a small transient contraction (phase 1; Ph1) followed by relaxation and then a second, larger, and more sustained contraction (phase 2; Ph2). We investigated the mechanisms causing this response using isometric myography in rat second-order PAs, with Na2S as a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> donor. Both phases of contraction to 1,000 μM Na2S were attenuated by the pan-PKC inhibitor Gö6983 (3 μM) and by 50 μM ryanodine; the Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1 μM) was without effect. Ph2 was attenuated by the mitochondrial complex III blocker myxothiazol (1 μM), the NADPH oxidase (NOX) blocker VAS2870 (10 μM), and the antioxidant TEMPOL (3 mM) but was unaffected by the complex I blocker rotenone (1 μM). The bath <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentration, measured using an amperometric sensor, decreased rapidly following Na2S application, and the peak of Ph2 occurred when this had fallen to ~50 μM. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> caused a transient increase in NAD(P)H autofluorescence, the offset of which coincided with development of the Ph2 contraction. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> also caused a brief mitochondrial hyperpolarization (assessed using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester), followed immediately by depolarization and then a second more prolonged hyperpolarization, the onset of which was temporally correlated with the Ph2 contraction. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> application to cultured PA smooth muscle cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (recorded using L012); this was absent when the mitochondrial flavoprotein <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-quinone oxoreductase (SQR) was knocked down using small interfering RNA. We propose that the Ph2 contraction is largely caused by SQR-mediated <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> metabolism, which, by donating electrons to ubiquinone, increases electron production by complex III and thereby ROS production. PMID:29351439</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16297963','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16297963"><span>Removal of insoluble heavy metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> from water.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Banfalvi, Gaspar</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>The necessity of heavy metal removal from wastewater has led to increasing interest in absorbents. We have developed a new approach to obtain high metal adsorption capacity by precipitating metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> with sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on the surface of bentonite and adhere them to the absorbent. This method allowed to remove approximately 90% of cadmium as CdS from 10(-4)-10(-6) M CdCl2 solutions. Additional reactions are related to the removal of excess sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> by the release of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and oxidation to sulfur using carbogen gas (5% CO2, 95% O2) followed by aeration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175726','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175726"><span>Use of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-containing liquors for removing mercury from flue gases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Nolan, Paul S.; Downs, William; Bailey, Ralph T.; Vecci, Stanley J.</p> <p>2006-05-02</p> <p>A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. Ideally, the source of these <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ions may include at least one of: <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> waste water, kraft caustic liquor, kraft carbonate liquor, potassium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and thioacetamide. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ion source is introduced into the scrubbing liquor as an aqueous <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874976','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874976"><span>Use of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-containing liquors for removing mercury from flue gases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Nolan, Paul S.; Downs, William; Bailey, Ralph T.; Vecci, Stanley J.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. Ideally, the source of these <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ions may include at least one of: <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> waste water, kraft caustic liquor, kraft carbonate liquor, potassium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and thioacetamide. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ion source is introduced into the scrubbing liquor as an aqueous <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> species. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25750056','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25750056"><span>Reduction of acid rock drainage using steel slag in cover systems over <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> rock waste piles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Almeida, Rodrigo Pereira; Leite, Adilson do Lago; Borghetti Soares, Anderson</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The extraction of gold, coal, nickel, uranium, copper and other earth-moving activities almost always leads to environmental damage. In metal and coal extraction, exposure of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals to the atmosphere leads to generation of acid rock drainage (ARD) and in underground mining to acid mine drainage (AMD) due to contamination of infiltrating groundwater. This study proposes to develop a reactive cover system that inhibits infiltration of oxygen and also releases alkalinity to increase the pH of generated ARD and attenuate metal contaminants at the same time. The reactive cover system is constructed using steel slag, a waste product generated from steel industries. This study shows that this type of cover system has the potential to reduce some of the adverse effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mine waste disposal on land. Geochemical and geotechnical characterization tests were carried out. Different proportions of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mine waste and steel slag were studied in leachate extraction tests. The best proportion was 33% of steel slag in dry weight. Other tests were conducted as follows: soil consolidation, <span class="hlt">saturated</span> permeability and soil water characteristic curve. The cover system was numerically modeled through unsaturated flux analysis using Vadose/w. The solution proposed is an oxygen transport barrier that allows rain water percolation to treat the ARD in the waste rock pile. The results showed that the waste pile slope is an important factor and the cover system must have 5 m thickness to achieve an acceptable effectiveness. © The Author(s) 2015.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870538','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870538"><span>Process for producing cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on a cadmium telluride surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Levi, Dean H.; Nelson, Art J.; Ahrenkiel, Richard K.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>A process for producing a layer of cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on a cadmium telluride surface to be employed in a photovoltaic device. The process comprises providing a cadmium telluride surface which is exposed to a hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> plasma at an exposure flow rate, an exposure time and an exposure temperature sufficient to permit reaction between the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and cadmium telluride to thereby form a cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> layer on the cadmium telluride surface and accomplish passivation. In addition to passivation, a heterojunction at the interface of the cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and the cadmium telluride can be formed when the layer of cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> formed on the cadmium telluride is of sufficient thickness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013CoMP..165..217P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013CoMP..165..217P"><span>Chalcophile element geochemistry of the Boggy Plain zoned pluton, southeastern Australia: a S-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> barren compositionally diverse magmatic system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, Jung-Woo; Campbell, Ian H.; Ickert, Ryan B.; Allen, Charlotte M.</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>The behavior of the platinum group elements (PGE) and Re in felsic magmas is poorly understood due to scarcity of data. We report the concentrations of Ni, Cu, Re, and PGE in the compositionally diverse Boggy Plain zoned pluton (BPZP), which shows a variation of rock type from gabbro through granodiorite and granite to aplite with a SiO2 range from 52 to 74 wt %. In addition, major silicate and oxide minerals were analyzed for Ni, Cu, and Re, and a systematic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> study was carried out to investigate the role of silicate, oxide, and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals on chalcophile element geochemistry of the BPZP. Mass balance calculation shows that the whole rock Cu budget hosted by silicate and oxide minerals is <13 wt % and that Cu is dominantly located in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phases, whereas most of the whole rock Ni budget (>70 wt %) is held in major silicate and oxide minerals. Rhenium is dominantly hosted by magnetite and ilmenite. Ovoid-shaped <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs occur at the boundary between pyroxene phenocrysts and neighboring interstitial phases or within interstitial minerals in the gabbro and the granodiorite. The blebs are composed of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and S-bearing Fe-oxide, which contain total trace metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb) up to ~16 wt %. The mineral assemblage, occurrence, shape, and composition of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs are a typical of magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. PGE concentrations in the BPZP vary by more than two orders of magnitude from gabbro (2.7-7.8 ppb Pd, 0.025-0.116 ppb Ir) to aplite (0.05 ppb Pd, 0.001 ppb Ir). Nickel, Cu, Re, and PGE concentrations are positively correlated with MgO in all the rock types although there is a clear discontinuity between the granodiorite and the granite in the trends for Ni, Rh, and Ir when plotted against MgO. Cu/Pd values gradually increase from 6,100 to 52,600 as the MgO content decreases. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> petrology and chalcophile element geochemistry of the BPZP show that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> <span class="hlt">saturation</span> occurred in the late gabbroic stage of</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/lifting-administrative-stay-hydrogen-sulfide','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/lifting-administrative-stay-hydrogen-sulfide"><span>Lifting of Administrative Stay for Hydrogen <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>EPA lifted the Administrative Stay of the TRI reporting requirements for hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> can reasonably be anticipated to cause chronic health effects in humans and significant adverse effects in aquatic organisms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=61','SCIGOV-IRIS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=61"><span>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/iris">Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>EPA / 635 / R - 03 / 005 www.epa.gov / iris TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF HYDROGEN <span class="hlt">SULFIDE</span> ( CAS No . 7783 - 06 - 4 ) In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System ( IRIS ) June 2003 U.S . Environmental Protection Agency Washington , DC DISCLAIMER This document has been</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170001745','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170001745"><span>The Effect of Shock on the Amorphous Component in Altered <span class="hlt">Basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Eckley, S. A.; Wright, S. P.; Rampe, E. B.; Niles, P. B.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Investigation of the geochemical and mineralogical composition of the Martian surface provides insight into the geologic history of the predominantly <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> crust. The Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instrument onboard the Curiosity rover has returned the first X-Ray diffraction data from the Martian surface. However, large proportions (27 +/- 14 with some estimates as high as 50 weight percentage) of an amorphous component have been reported. As a remedy to this problem, mass balance equations using geochemistry, volatile chemistry, and mineralogy have been employed to constrain the geochemistry of the amorphous component. However, "the nature and number of amorphous phases that constitute the amorphous component is not unequivocally known". Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of this amorphous component: Allophane (Al2O); <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> glass (Volcanic and impact); Palagonite (Altered <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass); Hisingerite (Fe (sup 3 plus)-bearing phyllosilicate); S/Cl-rich component (sulfates and/or akaganeite); Nanophase ferric oxide component (npOx). Establishing a multi-phase amorphous component from a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> precursor that has undergone physical and chemical weathering within geochemical constraints is of paramount importance to better understand the composition of a large portion of the Martian surface (up to 50 weight percentage). Shocked <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Lonar Crater in India are valuable analogs for the Martian surface because it is a well-preserved impact crater in a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> target. Having undergone pre- and post-shock aqueous alteration, these rocks provide crucial data regarding the effect of shock on the amorphous component in altered <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. By conducting mass balance equations similar to what has been performed for Gale crater materials, we attempt to calculate the geochemistry of the amorphous component in altered <span class="hlt">basalts</span> ranging from unshocked to Class 5 (Table 1). This has the potential to reveal the nature and origin (i.e. primary</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016264','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016264"><span>As, Bi, Hg, S, Sb, Sn and Te geochemistry of the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex, Montana: constraints on the origin of PGE-enriched <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in layered intrusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Zientek, M.L.; Fries, T.L.; Vian, R.W.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p> <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals that form the reef may represent a cumulus <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phase that formed as the result of a magma-mixing event, achieved its high PGE contents at that time, and accumulated to form a layer. The rocks outside the reef may contain a large proportion of postcumulus <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals that formed as the last dregs of intercumulus liquids trapped in the interstitial spaces between the cumulus grains reached sulfur <span class="hlt">saturation</span> and exsolved a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> liquid or precipitated a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineral. The PGE contents of these <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> would be expected to be less than the cumulus <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> that form the reef since they would have equilibrated with a much smaller volume of silicate liquid. Another explanation is that some of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> droplets that formed as a result of the mixing event were trapped as inclusions in silicate minerals soon after they formed. This would reduce the amount of magma these <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> droplets could equilibrate with and effectively reduce their PGE tenor. ?? 1990.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H41P..01W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H41P..01W"><span>Carbon storage potential of Columbia River flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wells, R. K.; Xiong, W.; Giammar, D.; Skemer, P. A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> reservoirs are an important option for sequestering carbon through dissolution of host rock and precipitation of stable carbonate minerals. This study seeks to understand the nature of dissolution and surface roughening processes and their influence on the timing and spatial distribution of carbonation, in static experiments at 150 °C and 100 bar CO2. Intact samples and cores with milled pathways from Ca-rich and Fe-rich Columbia River flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formations were reacted for up to 40 weeks. Experimental specimens were analyzed using SEM-EDS, microprobe, and μCT scanning, Raman spectroscopy, and 2D profilometer to characterize changes in composition and surface roughness. ICP-MS was used to examine bulk fluid chemistry. Initial dissolution of olivine grains results in higher Mg2+ and Fe2+ concentrations within the bulk solution in the first week of reaction. However, once available olivine grains are gone, Ca-rich pyroxene becomes the primary contributor of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ within the bulk solution. The complete dissolution of olivine grains resulted in pits up to 200 μm deep. Dissolution of other minerals resulted in the formation of microscale textures, primarily along grain boundaries and fractures. The surface roughness increased by factors of up to 42, while surface area increased 20%. Based on these results, pyroxene is the sustaining contributor of divalent metal cations during dissolution of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and the limited connectivity of olivine and pyroxene grains limits the exposure of new reactive surface areas. Within 6 weeks, aragonite precipitated in Ca-rich <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples, while Fe-rich samples precipitated of siderite. The highest concentration of carbonates occurs 1/3 into milled pathways, which simulate dead-end fractures, in low porosity <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and near the fracture tip in high porosity <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Even at elevated temperatures, the fractures are not blocked nor filled within 40 weeks of reaction. When vesicles are present, carbonates can</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997MCM....33..299B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997MCM....33..299B"><span>Antifriction <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-plastics based on polypropylene</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bashtannik, P. I.; Ovcharenko, V. G.</p> <p>1997-05-01</p> <p>A study is made of the dependence of the mechanical and friction-engineering properties of polypropylene reinforced with <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers on the viscosity of the polymer matrix. It is established that the main factors that determine the mechanical properties of the plastics are the quality of impregnation of the fibers by the binder and the residual length of the reinforcing filler in the composite after extrusion and injection molding. The material that was developed has a low friction coefficient and low rate of wear within a relatively brood range of friction conditions. The <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-plastics can be used in the rubbing parts of machines and mechanisms subjected to dry friction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019890','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019890"><span><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Volcanism and Ancient Planetary Crusts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shervais, John W.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this project is to decipher the origin of rocks which form the ancient lunar crust. Our goal is to better understand how the moon evolved chemically and, more generally, the processes involved in the chemical fractionation of terrestrial planetoids. This research has implications for other planetary bodies besides the Moon, especially smaller planetoids which evolved early in the history of the solar system and are now thermally stable. The three main areas focused on in our work (lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, KREEP <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and plutonic rocks of the lunar highlands) provide complementary information on the lunar interior and the processes that formed it.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176072','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176072"><span>Membrane for hydrogen recovery from streams containing hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Agarwal, Pradeep K.</p> <p>2007-01-16</p> <p>A membrane for hydrogen recovery from streams containing hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is provided. The membrane comprises a substrate, a hydrogen permeable first membrane layer deposited on the substrate, and a second membrane layer deposited on the first layer. The second layer contains <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> of transition metals and positioned on the on a feed side of the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> stream. The present invention also includes a method for the direct decomposition of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to hydrogen and sulfur.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5385965-sulfide-scaling-low-enthalpy-geothermal-environments-survey','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5385965-sulfide-scaling-low-enthalpy-geothermal-environments-survey"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> scaling in low enthalpy geothermal environments; A survey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Criaud, A.; Fouillac, C.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A review of the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> scaling phenomena in low-temperature environments is presented. While high-temperature fluids tend to deposit metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> because of their high concentrations of dissolved metals and variations of temperature, pressure and fluid chemistry, low temperature media are characterized by very low metal content but much higher dissolved <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. In the case of the goethermal wells of the Paris Basin, detailed studies demonstrate that the relatively large concentrations of chloride and dissolved <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> are responsible for corrosion and consequent formation of iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> scale composed of mackinawite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. The effects of the exploitation schemes are farmore » less important than the corrosion of the casings. The low-enthalpy fluids that do not originate from sedimentary aquifers (such as in Iceland and Bulgaria), have a limited corrosion potential, and the thin <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> film that appears may prevent the progress of corrosion.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176441','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176441"><span>Formation of selenide, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> or mixed selenide-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> films on metal or metal coated substrates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Eser, Erten; Fields, Shannon</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>A process and composition for preventing cracking in composite structures comprising a metal coated substrate and a selenide, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> or mixed selenide <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> film. Specifically, cracking is prevented in the coating of molybdenum coated substrates upon which a copper, indium-gallium diselenide (CIGS) film is deposited. Cracking is inhibited by adding a Se passivating amount of oxygen to the Mo and limiting the amount of Se deposited on the Mo coating.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/264548','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/264548"><span>Process for producing cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on a cadmium telluride surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Levi, D.H.; Nelson, A.J.; Ahrenkiel, R.K.</p> <p>1996-07-30</p> <p>A process is described for producing a layer of cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on a cadmium telluride surface to be employed in a photovoltaic device. The process comprises providing a cadmium telluride surface which is exposed to a hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> plasma at an exposure flow rate, an exposure time and an exposure temperature sufficient to permit reaction between the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and cadmium telluride to thereby form a cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> layer on the cadmium telluride surface and accomplish passivation. In addition to passivation, a heterojunction at the interface of the cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and the cadmium telluride can be formed when the layer of cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> formed on the cadmium telluride is of sufficient thickness. 12 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180002417','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180002417"><span><span class="hlt">BASALT</span> A: <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Terrains in Idaho and Hawaii as Planetary Analogs for Mars Geology and Astrobiology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hughes, Scott S.; Haberle, Christopher W.; Nawotniak, Shannon E. Kobs; Sehlke, Alexander; Garry, W. Brent; Elphic, Richard C.; Payler, Sam J.; Stevens, Adam H.; Cockell, Charles S.; Brady, Allyson L.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20180002417'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20180002417_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20180002417_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20180002417_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20180002417_hide"></p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Assessments of field research target regions are described within two notably <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> geologic provinces as Earth analogs to Mars. Regions within the eastern Snake River Plain of Idaho and the Big Island of Hawaii, USA, provinces that represent analogs of present-day and early Mars, respectively, were evaluated on the basis of geologic settings, rock lithology and geochemistry, rock alteration, and climate. Each of these factors provide rationale for the selection of specific targets for field research in five analog target regions: (1) Big Craters and (2) Highway lava flows at Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho; and (3) Mauna Ulu low shield, (4) Kilauea Iki lava lake and (5) Kilauea caldera in the Kilauea Volcano summit region and the East Rift Zone of Hawaii. Our evaluation of compositional and textural differences, as well as the effects of syn- and post-eruptive rock alteration, shows that the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> terrains in Idaho and Hawaii provide a way to characterize the geology and major geologic substrates that host biological activity of relevance to Mars exploration. This work provides the foundation to better understand the scientific questions related to the habitability of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> terrains, the rationale behind selecting analog field targets, and their applicability as analogs to Mars.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V31E3063G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V31E3063G"><span>Giant Plagioclase "Mosaicrysts" and Other Textures in the Steens <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, Columbia River Flood <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Province</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grunder, A.; Moore, N. E.; Bohrson, W. A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Steens <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> (~16.7 Ma), the oldest and most mafic stage of Columbia River flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> volcanism, are known for lavas with conspicuous giant plagioclase laths (2 - 5 cm in diameter). Such flows are intercalated with ones that are nearly aphyric or that bear plagioclase (plag) phenocrysts of 0.5-2 cm. Addition textures are distinctive radial, snowflake plag clusters and sandwich glomerocrysts of plag, with olivine trapped between laths. These clusters and glomerocrysts are typically 1, but as large as 3 cm in diameter. Plag composition of all textural types is limited (An76-60). Plag dominates the phenocryst mode; rare flows, mainly low in the section, have olivine > plag and phenocrystic clinopyroxene occurs rarely, and mainly high in the section. Unlike the flows, dikes have few phenocrysts; giant laths are rare and the snowflake texture has not been observed. Giant plag laths are euhedral and make up a few percent to more than 50% of the rock. Many plag megacrysts are made of several plag crystals that form a mosaic, where the constituent crystals are crystallographically distinct and are overgrown with feldspar to make the crystal euhedral. We describe these composite megacrysts as "mosaicrysts". We are exploring magmatic conditions that would trigger oversaturation to spawn rapid growth yielding clusters and overgrowths that form mosaicrysts. Giant plagioclase <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (so-called GPB) are also described for the Deccan and Emeishan flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> provinces attesting to similar magmatic processes. Plag laths typically define strong flow foliation at the flow base, have a swirled distribution in the flow core, and are sparse in the top. Some particularly crystal-rich flows (or sills) have an abrupt transition to a crystal-poor upper few decimeters of the several-m- thick flow. We interpret the crystal-poor top to be the expelled melt from crystal accumulation in the flow, which locally reinjects and is entrained in lower crystal mush.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28787992','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28787992"><span>Hierarchical Architecturing for Layered Thermoelectric <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> and Chalcogenides.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jood, Priyanka; Ohta, Michihiro</p> <p>2015-03-16</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> are promising candidates for environment-friendly and cost-effective thermoelectric materials. In this article, we review the recent progress in all-length-scale hierarchical architecturing for <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and chalcogenides, highlighting the key strategies used to enhance their thermoelectric performance. We primarily focus on TiS₂-based layered <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, misfit layered <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, homologous chalcogenides, accordion-like layered Sn chalcogenides, and thermoelectric minerals. CS₂ sulfurization is an appropriate method for preparing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> thermoelectric materials. At the atomic scale, the intercalation of guest atoms/layers into host crystal layers, crystal-structural evolution enabled by the homologous series, and low-energy atomic vibration effectively scatter phonons, resulting in a reduced lattice thermal conductivity. At the nanoscale, stacking faults further reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. At the microscale, the highly oriented microtexture allows high carrier mobility in the in-plane direction, leading to a high thermoelectric power factor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5455437','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5455437"><span>Hierarchical Architecturing for Layered Thermoelectric <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> and Chalcogenides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jood, Priyanka; Ohta, Michihiro</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> are promising candidates for environment-friendly and cost-effective thermoelectric materials. In this article, we review the recent progress in all-length-scale hierarchical architecturing for <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and chalcogenides, highlighting the key strategies used to enhance their thermoelectric performance. We primarily focus on TiS2-based layered <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, misfit layered <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, homologous chalcogenides, accordion-like layered Sn chalcogenides, and thermoelectric minerals. CS2 sulfurization is an appropriate method for preparing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> thermoelectric materials. At the atomic scale, the intercalation of guest atoms/layers into host crystal layers, crystal-structural evolution enabled by the homologous series, and low-energy atomic vibration effectively scatter phonons, resulting in a reduced lattice thermal conductivity. At the nanoscale, stacking faults further reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. At the microscale, the highly oriented microtexture allows high carrier mobility in the in-plane direction, leading to a high thermoelectric power factor. PMID:28787992</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080012482','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080012482"><span>Comparison of Carbon XANES Spectra from an Iron <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> from Comet Wild 2 with an Iron <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Interplanetary Dust Particle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wirick, S.; Flynn, G. J.; Keller, L. P.; Sanford, S. A.; Zolensky, M. E.; Messenger, Nakamura K.; Jacobsen, C.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Among one of the first particles removed from the aerogel collector from the Stardust sample return mission was an approx. 5 micron sized iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The majority of the spectra from 5 different sections of this particle suggests the presence of aliphatic compounds. Due to the heat of capture in the aerogel we initially assumed these aliphatic compounds were not cometary but after comparing these results to a heated iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> interplanetary dust particle (IDP) we believe our initial interpretation of these spectra was not correct. It has been suggested that ice coating on iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> leads to aqueous alteration in IDP clusters which can then lead to the formation of complex organic compounds from unprocessed organics in the IDPs similar to unprocessed organics found in comets [1]. Iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> have been demonstrated to not only transform halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons but also enhance the bonding of rubber to steel [2,3]. Bromfield and Coville (1997) demonstrated using Xray photoelectron spectroscopy that "the surface enhancement of segregated sulfur to the surface of <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> precipitated iron catalysts facilitates the formation of a low-dimensional structure of extraordinary properties" [4]. It may be that the iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> acts in some way to protect aliphatic compounds from alteration due to heat.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3252959','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3252959"><span>Explosive eruption of coal and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and the end-Permian mass extinction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ogden, Darcy E.; Sleep, Norman H.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The end-Permian extinction decimated up to 95% of carbonate shell-bearing marine species and 80% of land animals. Isotopic excursions, dissolution of shallow marine carbonates, and the demise of carbonate shell-bearing organisms suggest global warming and ocean acidification. The temporal association of the extinction with the Siberia flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> at approximately 250 Ma is well known, and recent evidence suggests these flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> may have mobilized carbon in thick deposits of organic-rich sediments. Large isotopic excursions recorded in this period are potentially explained by rapid venting of coal-derived methane, which has primarily been attributed to metamorphism of coal by <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> intrusion. However, recently discovered contemporaneous deposits of fly ash in northern Canada suggest large-scale combustion of coal as an additional mechanism for rapid release of carbon. This massive coal combustion may have resulted from explosive interaction with <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sills of the Siberian Traps. Here we present physical analysis of explosive eruption of coal and <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, demonstrating that it is a viable mechanism for global extinction. We describe and constrain the physics of this process including necessary magnitudes of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> intrusion, mixing and mobilization of coal and <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, ascent to the surface, explosive combustion, and the atmospheric rise necessary for global distribution. PMID:22184229</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810029779&hterms=stratigraphy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dstratigraphy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810029779&hterms=stratigraphy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dstratigraphy"><span>Stratigraphy of Oceanus Procellarum <span class="hlt">basalts</span> - Sources and styles of emplacement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Whitford-Stark, J. L.; Head, J. W., III</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> fill of Oceanus Procellarum has been formally subdivided into four lithostratigraphic formations: The Repsold Formation, the Telemann Formation, the Hermann Formation, and the Sharp Formation. The Repsold Formation is composed of high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and pyroclastic deposits with an estimated age of 3.75 + or - 0.05 b.y. and an estimated volume of about 2.1 x 10 to the 5th cu km. This is overlain by the Telemann Formation composed of very low-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and pyroclastic deposits with an estimated age of 3.6 + or - 0.2 b.y. and a volume of 4.2 x 10 to the 5th cu km. The Hermann Formation, composed of intermediate <span class="hlt">basalts</span> with an estimated age of 3.3 + or - 0.3 b.y., represents the next youngest unit with an estimated volume of 2.2 x 10 to the 5th cu km. The youngest materials in Procellarum are the medium-to-high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> comprising the Sharp Formation with an estimated age of 2.7 + or - 0.7 b.y. and a volume of 1.8 x 10 to the 4th cu km.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940011802','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940011802"><span>Searching for neuKREEP: An EMP study of Apollo 11 Group A <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jerde, Eric A.; Taylor, Lawrence A.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The Apollo 11 and 17 landing sites are characterized by the presence of high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (TiO2 greater than 6 percent). The Group A <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of Apollo 11 have elevated K compositions (greater than 2000 ppm); and are enriched in incompatible trace elements relative to the other types of high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalt</span> found in the region. These unique <span class="hlt">basalts</span> also are the youngest of all high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, with an age of 3.56 +/- 0.02 Ga. Recent modelling of the Apollo 11 Group A <span class="hlt">basalts</span> by Jerde et al. has demonstrated that this unique variety of high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalt</span> may have formed through fractionation of a liquid with the composition of the Apollo 11 orange glass, coupled with assimilation of evolved material (dubbed neuKREEP and having similarities to lunar quartz monzodiorite). Assimilation of this material would impart its REE signature on the liquid, resulting in the elevated REE abundances observed. Minerals such as whitlockite which contain a large portion of the REE budget can be expected to reflect the REE characteristics of the assimilant. To this end, an examination of the whitlockite present in the Apollo 11 Group A <span class="hlt">basalts</span> was undertaken to search for evidence of the neuKREEP material assimilated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011096','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011096"><span>Compositions of Magmatic and Impact Melt <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> in Tissint And EETA79001: Precursors of Immiscible <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Melt Blebs in Shergottite Impact Melts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Rao, M. N.; Nyquist, L.; Agee, C.; Sutton, S.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt spherules are locally very abundant in shergottite impact melts. These melts can also contain samples of Martian atmospheric gases [1], and cosmogenic nuclides [2] that are present in impact melt, but not in the host shergottite, indicating some components in the melt resided at the Martian surface. These observations show that some regolith components are, at least locally, present in the impact melts. This view also suggests that one source of the over-abundant sulfur in these impact melts could be sulfates that are major constituents of Martian regolith, and that the sulfates were reduced during shock heating to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. An alternative view is that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> spherules in impact melts are produced solely by melting the crystalline <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals (dominantly pyrrhotite, Fe(1-x)S) that are present in shergottites [3]. In this abstract we report new analyses of the compositions of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> immiscible melt spherules and pyrrhotite in the shergottites Tissint, and EETA79001,507, and we use these data to investigate the possible origins of the immiscible <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt spherules. In particular, we use the metal/S ratios determined in these blebs as potential diagnostic criteria for tracking the source material from which the numerous <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> blebs were generated by shock in these melts.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4329797','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4329797"><span><span class="hlt">SULFIDE</span> METHOD PLUTONIUM SEPARATION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Duffield, R.B.</p> <p>1958-08-12</p> <p>A process is described for the recovery of plutonium from neutron irradiated uranium solutions. Such a solution is first treated with a soluble sullide, causing precipitation of the plutoniunn and uraniunn values present, along with those impurities which form insoluble <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The precipitate is then treated with a solution of carbonate ions, which will dissolve the uranium and plutonium present while the fission product <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> remain unaffected. After separation from the residue, this solution may then be treated by any of the usual methods, such as formation of a lanthanum fluoride precipitate, to effect separation of plutoniunn from uranium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1064586-fayalite-dissolution-siderite-formation-water-saturated-supercritical-co2','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1064586-fayalite-dissolution-siderite-formation-water-saturated-supercritical-co2"><span>Fayalite Dissolution and Siderite Formation in Water-<span class="hlt">Saturated</span> Supercritical CO2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Qafoku, Odeta; Kovarik, Libor; Kukkadapu, Ravi K.</p> <p>2012-11-25</p> <p>Olivines, a significant constituent of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks, have the potential to immobilize permanently CO2 after it is injected in the deep subsurface, due to carbonation reactions occurring between CO2 and the host rock. To investigate the reactions of fayalitic olivine with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and formation of mineral carbonates, experiments were conducted at temperatures of 35 °C to 80 °C, 90 atm pressure and anoxic conditions. For every temperature, the dissolution of fayalite was examined both in the presence of liquid water and H2O-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> scCO2. The experiments were conducted in a high pressure batch reactor at reaction time extending upmore » to 85 days. The newly formed products were characterized using a comprehensive suite of bulk and surface characterization techniques X-ray diffraction, Transmission/Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Focused Ion Beam, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. Siderite with rhombohedral morphology was formed at 35 °C, 50 °C, and 80 °C in the presence of liquid water and scCO2. In H2O-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> scCO2, the formation of siderite was confirmed only at high temperature (80 °C). Characterization of reacted samples in H2O-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> scCO2 with high resolution TEM indicated that siderite formation initiated inside voids created during the initial steps of fayalite dissolution. Later stages of fayalite dissolution result in the formation of siderite in layered vertical structures, columns or pyramids with a rhombus base morphology.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999E%26PSL.166..177C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999E%26PSL.166..177C"><span>On causal links between flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and continental breakup</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Courtillot, V.; Jaupart, C.; Manighetti, I.; Tapponnier, P.; Besse, J.</p> <p>1999-03-01</p> <p>Temporal coincidence between continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and breakup has been noted for almost three decades. Eight major continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have been produced over the last 300 Ma. The most recent, the Ethiopian traps, erupted in about 1 Myr at 30 Ma. Rifting in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and possibly East African rift started at about the same time. A second trap-like episode occurred around 2 Ma and formation of true oceanic crust is due in the next few Myr. We find similar relationships for the 60 Ma Greenland traps and opening of the North Atlantic, 65 Ma Deccan traps and opening of the NW Indian Ocean, 132 Ma Parana traps and South Atlantic, 184 Ma Karoo traps and SW Indian Ocean, and 200 Ma Central Atlantic Margin flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean. The 250 Ma Siberian and 258 Ma Emeishan traps seem to correlate with major, if aborted, phases of rifting. Rifting asymmetry, apparent triple junctions and rift propagation (towards the flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> area) are common features that may, together with the relative timings of flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, seaward dipping reflector and oceanic crust production, depend on a number of plume- and lithosphere- related factors. We propose a mixed scenario of `active/passive' rifting to account for these observations. In all cases, an active component (a plume and resulting flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span>) is a pre-requisite for the breakup of a major oceanic basin. But rifting must be allowed by plate-boundary forces and is influenced by pre-existing heterogeneities in lithospheric structure. The best example is the Atlantic Ocean, whose large-scale geometry with three large basins was imposed by the impact points of three mantle plumes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21286712','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21286712"><span>Reduction of produced elementary sulfur in denitrifying <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> removal process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhou, Xu; Liu, Lihong; Chen, Chuan; Ren, Nanqi; Wang, Aijie; Lee, Duu-Jong</p> <p>2011-05-01</p> <p>Denitrifying <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> removal (DSR) processes simultaneously convert <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, nitrate, and chemical oxygen demand from industrial wastewater into elemental sulfur, dinitrogen gas, and carbon dioxide, respectively. The failure of a DSR process is signaled by high concentrations of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in reactor effluent. Conventionally, DSR reactor failure is blamed for overcompetition for heterotroph to autotroph communities. This study indicates that the elementary sulfur produced by oxidizing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> that is a recoverable resource from <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-laden wastewaters can be reduced back to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> by sulfur-reducing Methanobacterium sp. The Methanobacterium sp. was stimulated with excess organic carbon (acetate) when nitrite was completely consumed by heterotrophic denitrifiers. Adjusting hydraulic retention time of a DSR reactor when nitrite is completely consumed provides an additional control variable for maximizing DSR performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950031754&hterms=Hacker&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DHacker','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950031754&hterms=Hacker&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DHacker"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> generation at the Apollo 12 site. Part 1: New data, classification, and re-evaluation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Neal, Clive R.; Hacker, Matthew D.; Snyder, Gregory A.; Taylor, Lawrence A.; Liu, Yun-Gang; Schmitt, Roman A.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>New data are reported from five previously unanalyzed Apollo 12 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> that are incorporated into an evaluation of previous petrogenetic models and classification schemes for these <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. This paper proposes a classification for Apollo 12 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the basis of whole-rock Mg# (molar 100*(Mg/(Mg+Fe))) and Rb/Sr ratio (analyzed by isotope dilution), whereby the ilmenite, olivine, and pigeonite <span class="hlt">basalt</span> groups are readily distinguished from each other. Scrutiny of the Apollo 12 feldspathic 'suite' demonstrates that two of the three <span class="hlt">basalts</span> previously assigned to this group (12031, 12038, 12072) can be reclassified: 12031 is a plagioclase-rich pigeonite <span class="hlt">basalt</span>; and 12072 is an olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Only <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 12038 stands out as a unique sample to the Apollo 12 site, but whether this represents a single sample from another flow at the Apollo 12 site or is exotic to this site is equivocal. The question of whether the olivine and pigeonite <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suites are co-magmatic is addressed by incompatible trace-element chemistry: the trends defined by these two suites when Co/Sm and Sm/Eu ratios are plotted against Rb/Sr ratio demonstrate that these two <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> types cannot be co-magmatic. Crystal fractionation/accumulation paths have been calculated and show that neither the pigeonite, olivine, or ilmenite <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are related by this process. Each suite requires a distinct and separate source region. This study also examines sample heterogeneity and the degree to which whole-rock analyses are representative, which is critical when petrogenetic interpretation is undertaken. Sample heterogeneity has been investigated petrographically (inhomogeneous mineral distribution) with consideration of duplicate analyses, and whether a specific sample (using average data) plots consistently upon a fractionation trend when a number of different compostional parameters are considered. Using these criteria, four <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have been identified where reported analyses are not</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoMP..170...53H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoMP..170...53H"><span>Extreme enrichment of Se, Te, PGE and Au in Cu <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> microdroplets: evidence from LA-ICP-MS analysis of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the Skaergaard Intrusion, east Greenland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holwell, David A.; Keays, Reid R.; McDonald, Iain; Williams, Megan R.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Platinova Reef, in the Skaergaard Intrusion, east Greenland, is an example of a magmatic Cu-PGE-Au <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit formed in the latter stages of magmatic differentiation. As is characteristic with such deposits, it contains a low volume of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, displays peak metal offsets and is Cu rich but Ni poor. However, even for such deposits, the Platinova Reef contains extremely low volumes of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and the highest Pd and Au tenor <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> of any magmatic ore deposit. Here, we present the first LA-ICP-MS analyses of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> microdroplets from the Platinova Reef, which show that they have the highest Se concentrations (up to 1200 ppm) and lowest S/Se ratios (190-700) of any known magmatic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit and have significant Te enrichment. In addition, where <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> volume increases, there is a change from high Pd-tenor microdroplets trapped in situ to larger, low tenor <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The transition between these two <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> regimes is marked by sharp peaks in Au, and then Te concentration, followed by a wider peak in Se, which gradually decreases with height. Mineralogical evidence implies that there is no significant post-magmatic hydrothermal S loss and that the metal profiles are essentially a function of magmatic processes. We propose that to generate these extreme precious and semimetal contents, the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> must have formed from an anomalously metal-rich package of magma, possibly formed via the dissolution of a previously PGE-enriched <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Other processes such as kinetic diffusion may have also occurred alongside this to produce the ultra-high tenors. The characteristic metal offset pattern observed is largely controlled by partitioning effects, producing offset peaks in the order Pt+Pd>Au>Te>Se>Cu that are entirely consistent with published D values. This study confirms that extreme enrichment in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> droplets can occur in closed-system layered intrusions in situ, but this will characteristically form ore deposits that are so low in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> that they do</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28522815','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28522815"><span>Enhanced <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> xanthate flotation of malachite using ammonium ions as activator.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Dandan; Ma, Wenhui; Mao, Yingbo; Deng, Jiushuai; Wen, Shuming</p> <p>2017-05-18</p> <p>In this study, ammonium ion was used to enhance the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> flotation of malachite. The effect of ammonium ion on the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> flotation of malachite was investigated using microflotation test, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, zeta potential measurements, and scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM). The results of microflotation test show that the addition of sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and ammonium sulfate resulted in better <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> than the addition of sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> alone. The results of ICP analysis indicate that the dissolution of enhanced sulfurized malachite surface is significantly decreased. Zeta potential measurements indicate that a smaller isoelectric point value and a large number of copper-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> films formed on the malachite surface by enhancing <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> resulted in a large amount of sodium butyl xanthate absorbed onto the enhanced sulfurized malachite surface. EDS semi-quantitative analysis and XPS analysis show that malachite was easily sulfurized by sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with ammonium ion. These results show that the addition of ammonium ion plays a significant role in the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> of malachite and results in improved flotation performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5596621','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5596621"><span>Determination of Geochemical Bio-Signatures in Mars-Like <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Environments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Olsson-Francis, Karen; Pearson, Victoria K.; Steer, Elisabeth D.; Schwenzer, Susanne P.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Bio-signatures play a central role in determining whether life existed on early Mars. Using a terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as a compositional analog for the martian surface, we applied a combination of experimental microbiology and thermochemical modeling techniques to identify potential geochemical bio-signatures for life on early Mars. Laboratory experiments were used to determine the short-term effects of biota on the dissolution of terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and the formation of secondary alteration minerals. The chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium, Burkholderia sp. strain B_33, was grown in a minimal growth medium with and without terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as the sole nutrient source. No growth was detected in the absence of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. In the presence of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, during exponential growth, the pH decreased rapidly from pH 7.0 to 3.6 and then gradually increased to a steady-state of equilibrium of between 6.8 and 7.1. Microbial growth coincided with an increase in key elements in the growth medium (Si, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe). Experimental results were compared with theoretical thermochemical modeling to predict growth of secondary alteration minerals, which can be used as bio-signatures, over a geological timescale. We thermochemically modeled the dissolution of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (in the absence of biota) in very dilute brine at 25°C, 1 bar; the pH was buffered by the mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions. Preliminary results suggested that at the water to rock ratio of 1 × 107, zeolite, hematite, chlorite, kaolinite, and apatite formed abiotically. The biotic weathering processes were modeled by varying the pH conditions within the model to adjust for biologic influence. The results suggested that, for a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> system, the microbially-mediated dissolution of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> would result in “simpler” secondary alteration, consisting of Fe-hydroxide and kaolinite, under conditions where the abiotic system would also form chlorite. The results from this study demonstrate that, by using</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943863','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943863"><span>Determination of Geochemical Bio-Signatures in Mars-Like <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Environments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Olsson-Francis, Karen; Pearson, Victoria K; Steer, Elisabeth D; Schwenzer, Susanne P</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Bio-signatures play a central role in determining whether life existed on early Mars. Using a terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as a compositional analog for the martian surface, we applied a combination of experimental microbiology and thermochemical modeling techniques to identify potential geochemical bio-signatures for life on early Mars. Laboratory experiments were used to determine the short-term effects of biota on the dissolution of terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and the formation of secondary alteration minerals. The chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium, Burkholderia sp. strain B_33, was grown in a minimal growth medium with and without terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as the sole nutrient source. No growth was detected in the absence of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. In the presence of <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, during exponential growth, the pH decreased rapidly from pH 7.0 to 3.6 and then gradually increased to a steady-state of equilibrium of between 6.8 and 7.1. Microbial growth coincided with an increase in key elements in the growth medium (Si, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe). Experimental results were compared with theoretical thermochemical modeling to predict growth of secondary alteration minerals, which can be used as bio-signatures, over a geological timescale. We thermochemically modeled the dissolution of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (in the absence of biota) in very dilute brine at 25°C, 1 bar; the pH was buffered by the mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions. Preliminary results suggested that at the water to rock ratio of 1 × 10 7 , zeolite, hematite, chlorite, kaolinite, and apatite formed abiotically. The biotic weathering processes were modeled by varying the pH conditions within the model to adjust for biologic influence. The results suggested that, for a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> system, the microbially-mediated dissolution of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> would result in "simpler" secondary alteration, consisting of Fe-hydroxide and kaolinite, under conditions where the abiotic system would also form chlorite. The results from this study demonstrate that, by using</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950049250&hterms=Mass+standards&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DMass%2Bstandards','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950049250&hterms=Mass+standards&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DMass%2Bstandards"><span>Airborne measurements of sulfur dioxide, dimethyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, carbon disulfide, and carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bandy, Alan R.; Thornton, Donald C.; Driedger, Arthur R., III</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer is described for determining atmospheric sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, dimethyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> from aircraft and ship platforms. Isotopically labelled variants of each analyte were used as internal standards to achieve high precision. The lower limit of detection for each species for an integration time of 3 min was 1 pptv for sulfur dioxide and dimethyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and 0.2 pptv for carbon disulfide and carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. All four species were simultaneously determined with a sample frequency of one sample per 6 min or greater. When only one or two species were determined, a frequency of one sample per 4 min was achieved. Because a calibration is included in each sample, no separate calibration sequence was needed. Instrument warmup was only a few minutes. The instrument was very robust in field deployments, requiring little maintenance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1038610-origin-sulfide-replacement-textures-lunar-breccias-implications-vapor-element-transport-lunar-crust','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1038610-origin-sulfide-replacement-textures-lunar-breccias-implications-vapor-element-transport-lunar-crust"><span>Origin of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> replacement textures in lunar breccias. Implications for vapor element transport in the lunar crust</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Shearer, C.K.; Burger, P.V.; Guan, Y.</p> <p></p> <p>Lunar samples 67016,294, 67915,150, and 67016,297 represent clasts of Mg-suite and ferroan anorthosite lithologies that have interacted with a S-rich vapor. Numerous studies have speculated on the composition and source of these 'fluids', their capability for the transport of vapor-mobilized elements, and the scale and environment under which these types of process occurred. These models all assumed a Moon with a very 'dry' mantle, crust, and surface. The olivine in these lithologies is partially to totally replaced by troilite and low-Ca pyroxene. The troilite makes up 30-54 vol% of the troilite + low-Ca pyroxene pseudomorphs after olivine. Other silicates andmore » oxides in the assemblages have experienced post-magmatic reequilibration (pyroxene exsolution, recrystallization, 'exsolution' of ilmenite in spinel). The troilite also occurs in veins cross cutting individual phases and metamorphic textures. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> veining and replacement features are restricted to individual clasts and do not cut across the matrix surrounding the clasts, and thus predate the breccia-forming event. The proportion of troilite to low-Ca pyroxene and silicate chemistries indicate that simple reactions (such as olivine + S{sub 2} {leftrightarrow} low-Ca pyroxene + troilite + O{sub 2}) do not adequately represent the replacement process. The <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> have compositions that are similar to those found in mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. In particular, the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> generally are enriched in Co relative to Ni. Exsolution of Ni-Co-Cu in the <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> is distinctly different between the breccias and mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and suggests a different cooling or crystallization (melt versus vapor) history. The sulfur isotopic composition of the vein and replacement troilite ranges from approximately {delta}{sup 34}S = -1.0{per_thousand} to -3.3{per_thousand}. Based on our observations, it appears that the model suggested by Norman et al. (1995) is the most appropriate for the origin of the troilite veining and troilite</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890012022','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890012022"><span>Some volcanologic aspects of Columbia River <span class="hlt">basalt</span> volcanism relevant to the extinction controversy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Swanson, Donald A.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group is the youngest and most thoroughly studied flood-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> province known; information about it should be relevant to questions about the possible relation of flood-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> volcanism to mass extinctions. The group has a total volume of about 174,000 cu km and covers an area of about 164,000 sq km. It was erupted between 17.5 and 6 Ma, as measured by K-Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 dates. Early eruptions formed the Imnaha <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>. More than 85 percent of the group was produced during a 1.5 my period between 17 and 15.5 Ma, forming the Grande Ronde and greatly subordinate Picture Gorge <span class="hlt">Basalts</span>. Later flows formed the Wanapum <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, which includes the well-known Roza Member, and the Saddle Mountains <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>. Linear vent systems for many of the flows are known and are located only in the eastern third of the Columbia Plateau. No systematic migration of vents occurred throughout the 11.5 my period of activity; this and other considerations make it unlikely that the province is related to a hot spot. Model calculations based on observations that little cooling occurred during flow of hundreds of kilometers suggest eruption and emplacement durations of a few days. Some voluminous flows occur in all formations, but most such flows apparently were erupted during Grande Ronde time. The eruption and emplacement of more than 1,000 cu km of 1100 C <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> lava on the surface within several days doubtless had at least local meteorologic effects. Whether the effects were broader can at present only be hypothesized. Grande Ronde <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> and Picture Gorge <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> contain moderately common but thin sedimentary interbeds between flows, whereas earlier and later formations contain numerous, locally thick sediment accumulations. Volcaniclastic debris derived from extra-plateau sources commonly occurs in the testbeds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016amsf.conf.1229U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016amsf.conf.1229U"><span>Formation of Copper <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Precipitate in Solid Iron</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Urata, Kentaro; Kobayashi, Yoshinao</p> <p></p> <p>The growth rate of copper <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitates has been measured in low carbon steel samples such as Fe-0.3mass%Cu-0.03mass%S-0.1mass%C and Fe-0.1mass%Cu-0.01mass%S- 0.1mass%C. Heat-treatment of the samples was conducted at 1273, 1423 and 1573 K for 100 s - 14.4 ks for precipitation of copper <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and then the samples were observed by a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope to measure the diameter of copper <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> precipitated in the samples. The growth rate of copper <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> has been found to be well described by the Ostwald growth model, as follows: R\</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780057746&hterms=age+grouping&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dage%2Bgrouping','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780057746&hterms=age+grouping&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dage%2Bgrouping"><span>Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd chronology and genealogy of mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Sea of Tranquility</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Papanastassiou, D. A.; Depaolo, D. J.; Wasserburg, G. J.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd ages of two Apollo 11 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, high-K <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 10072 and low-K <span class="hlt">basalt</span> 10062, are reported. Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and Ar-40-Ar-39 ages are in good agreement and indicate an extensive time interval for filling of the Sea of Tranquility, presumably by thin lava flows, in agreement with similar observations for the Ocean of Storms. Initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions on Apollo 11 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> reveal at least two parent sources producing <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The Sm-Nd isotopic data demonstrate that low-K and high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from Apollo 11 and 17 derived from distinct reservoirs, while low-Ti Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sources have Sm/Nd similar to the sources of Apollo 11 <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Groupings of mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> based on Ti content and on isotopic data do not coincide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090012290','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090012290"><span>Northwest Africa 5298: A <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Shergottite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hui, Hejiu; Peslier, Anne; Lapen, Thomas J.; Brandon, Alan; Shafer, John</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>NWA 5298 is a single 445 g meteorite found near Bir Gandouz, Morocco in March 2008 [1]. This rock has a brown exterior weathered surface instead of a fusion crust and the interior is composed of green mineral grains with interstitial dark patches containing small vesicles and shock melts [1]. This meteorite is classified as a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> shergottite [2]. A petrologic study of this Martian meteorite is being carried out with electron microprobe analysis and soon trace element analyses by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Oxygen fugacity is calculated from Fe-Ti oxides pairs in the sample. The data from this study constrains the petrogenesis of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> shergottites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..100a2133X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..100a2133X"><span>Influence of surface modified <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber on strength of cinder lightweight aggregate concrete</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xiao, Liguang; Li, Jiheng; Liu, Qingshun</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In order to improve the bonding and bridging effect between volcanic slag lightweight aggregate concrete cement and <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber, The <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber was subjected to etching and roughening treatment by NaOH solution, and the surface of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber was treated with a mixture of sodium silicate and micro-silica powder. The influence of modified <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber on the strength of volcanic slag lightweight aggregate concrete was systematically studied. The experimental results show that the modified <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber volcanic slag lightweight aggregate concrete has a flexural strength increased by 47%, the compressive strength is improved by 16% and the toughness is increased by 27% compared with that of the non-fiber.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V33D..07S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V33D..07S"><span>Formation and Evolution of the Continental Lithospheric Mantle: Perspectives From Radiogenic Isotopes of Silicate and <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Inclusions in Macrodiamonds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shirey, S. B.; Richardson, S. H.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Silicate and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> inclusions that occur in diamonds comprise the oldest (>3 Ga), deepest (>140 km) samples of mantle-derived minerals available for study. Their relevance to the evolution of the continental lithosphere is clear because terrestrial macrodiamonds are confined to regions of the Earth with continental lithospheric mantle keels. The goals of analytical work on inclusions in diamond are to obtain paragenesis constraints, radiogenic ages, and initial isotopic compositions. The purpose is to place diamond formation episodes into the broader framework of the geological processes that create and modify the continental lithosphere and to relate the source of the C and N in diamond-forming fluids to understanding the Earth's C and N cycles in the Archean. Although <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and silicate inclusions rarely occur in the same diamond, they both can be grouped according to their geochemical similarity with the chief rock types that comprise the mantle keel: peridotite and eclogite. Silicate inclusions are classified as harzburgitic (depleted; olivine > Fo91, garnet Cr2O3 > 3 wt% and CaO from 0 to 5 wt%), lherzolitic (fertile), or eclogitic (<span class="hlt">basaltic</span>; garnet Cr2O3 < 2 wt% and CaO from 3 to 15 wt%, clinopyroxene with higher Na2O, Al2O3, and FeO); they are amenable for trace element study by SIMS and for Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr analysis by conventional P-TIMS after grouping by mineralogical similarity. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> inclusions (chiefly FeS with lesser Ni, Cu, and Co) are classified as peridotitic (Ni > 14 wt%; Os > 2 ppm) versus eclogitic (Ni < 10 wt%; Os < 200 ppb); single <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are amenable for S isotopic study by SIMS or TIMS, and Re-Os analysis by N-TIMS. Work on inclusions in diamonds depends on the distribution of mined, diamond-bearing kimberlites, and the generosity of mining companies because of the extreme rarity of inclusions in suites of mostly gem-quality diamonds. Most isotopic work has been on the Kaapvaal-Zimbabwe craton with lesser work on the Slave, Siberian</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ECSS...85..319H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ECSS...85..319H"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> intrusion in the tropical seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holmer, Marianne; Pedersen, Ole; Krause-Jensen, Dorte; Olesen, Birgit; Hedegård Petersen, Malene; Schopmeyer, Stephanie; Koch, Marguerite; Lomstein, Bente Aa.; Jensen, Henning S.</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>Sulfur and oxygen dynamics in the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme and their sediments were studied in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) in order to explore <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> intrusion into tropical seagrasses. Four study sites were selected based on the iron concentration in sediments and on proximity to anthropogenic nutrient sources. Meadow characteristics (shoot density, above- and below-ground biomass, nutrient content) were sampled along with sediment biogeochemistry. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> intrusion was high in T. testudinum, as up to 96% of total sulfur in the plant was derived from sediment-derived <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. The <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> intrusion was negatively correlated to the turnover of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the sediments regulated by both plant parameters and sediment sulfur pools. Sediment iron content played an indirect role by affecting <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> turnover rates. Leaf production was negatively correlated with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> intrusion suggesting that active growth reduced <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> intrusion. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> intrusion was lower in S. filiforme (up to 44%) compared to T. testudinum consistent with a higher internal nighttime oxygen concentrations found for S. filiforme. When S. filiforme can take advantage of its ability to maintain high internal oxygen concentrations, as was the case on the USVI, it could increase its success in colonizing unvegetated disturbed sediments with potentially high <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> concentrations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMEP...23.4148G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMEP...23.4148G"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Stress Cracking and Electrochemical Corrosion of Precipitation Hardening Steel After Plasma Oxy-Nitriding</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Granda-Gutiérrez, E. E.; Díaz-Guillén, J. C.; Díaz-Guillén, J. A.; González, M. A.; García-Vázquez, F.; Muñóz, R.</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present the results of a duplex plasma nitriding followed by an oxidizing stage process (which is also referred as oxy-nitriding) on the corrosion behavior of a 17-4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel. The formation of both, expanded martensite (b.c.t. α'N-phase) and chromium oxide (type Cr2O3) in the subsurface of oxy-nitrided samples at specific controlled conditions, leads in a noticeable increasing in the time-to-rupture during the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> stress cracking test, in comparison with an untreated reference sample. Oxy-nitriding improves the corrosion performance of the alloy when it is immersed in solutions <span class="hlt">saturated</span> by sour gas, which extends the application potential of this type of steel in the oil and gas extraction and processing industry. The presence of the oxy-nitrided layer inhibits the corrosion process that occurs in the near-surface region, where hydrogen is liberated after the formation of iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, which finally produces a fragile fracture by micro-crack propagation; the obtained results suggest that oxy-nitriding slows this process, thus delaying the rupture of the specimen. Moreover, oxy-nitriding produces a hard, sour gas-resistant surface, but do not significantly affect the original chloride ion solution resistance of the material.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CoMP..173...19Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CoMP..173...19Z"><span>An experimental study of Fe-Ni exchange between <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt and olivine at upper mantle conditions: implications for mantle <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> compositions and phase equilibria</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Zhou; von der Handt, Anette; Hirschmann, Marc M.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The behavior of nickel in the Earth's mantle is controlled by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt-olivine reaction. Prior to this study, experiments were carried out at low pressures with narrow range of Ni/Fe in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt. As the mantle becomes more reduced with depth, experiments at comparable conditions provide an assessment of the effect of pressure at low-oxygen fugacity conditions. In this study, we constrain the Fe-Ni composition of molten <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the Earth's upper mantle via <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt-olivine reaction experiments at 2 GPa, 1200 and 1400 °C, with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melt X_{{{Ni}}}^{{{<span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>}}}={{Ni}}/{{Ni+{Fe}}} (atomic ratio) ranging from 0 to 0.94. To verify the approach to equilibrium and to explore the effect of {f_{{{O}2}}} on Fe-Ni exchange between phases, four different suites of experiments were conducted, varying in their experimental geometry and initial composition. Effects of Ni secondary fluorescence on olivine analyses were corrected using the PENELOPE algorithm (Baró et al., Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 100:31-46, 1995), "zero time" experiments, and measurements before and after dissolution of surrounding <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. Oxygen fugacities in the experiments, estimated from the measured O contents of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> melts and from the compositions of coexisting olivines, were 3.0 ± 1.0 log units more reduced than the fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) buffer (suite 1, 2 and 3), and FMQ - 1 or more oxidized (suite 4). For the reduced (suites 1-3) experiments, Fe-Ni distribution coefficients K_{{D}}{}={(X_{{{Ni}}}^{{{<span class="hlt">sulfide}}}/X_{{{Fe}}}^{{{sulfide</span>}}})}/{(X_{{{Ni}}^{{{olivine}}}/X_{{{Fe}}}^{{{olivine}}})}} are small, averaging 10.0 ± 5.7, with little variation as a function of total Ni content. More oxidized experiments (suite 4) give larger values of K D (21.1-25.2). Compared to previous determinations at 100 kPa, values of K D from this study are chiefly lower, in large part owing to the more reduced conditions of the experiments. The observed difference does not seem</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777116','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777116"><span>Temperature and cell-type dependency of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> effects on mitochondrial respiration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Groeger, Michael; Matallo, Jose; McCook, Oscar; Wagner, Florian; Wachter, Ulrich; Bastian, Olga; Gierer, Saskia; Reich, Vera; Stahl, Bettina; Huber-Lang, Markus; Szabó, Csaba; Georgieff, Michael; Radermacher, Peter; Calzia, Enrico; Wagner, Katja</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>Previous studies suggest that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (cCox) and, consequently, the metabolic and toxic effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> are less pronounced at low body temperature. Because the temperature-dependent effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on the inflammatory response are still a matter of debate, we investigated the impact of varying temperature on the cCox excess capacity and the mitochondrial <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation by the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-ubiquinone oxidoreductase in macrophage-derived cell lines (AMJ2-C11 and RAW 264.7). Using an oxygraph chamber, the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration was measured by stepwise titrations with <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and the nonmetabolizable cCox inhibitor sodium azide at 25°C and 37°C. Using the latter of the two inhibitors, the excess capacity of the cCox was obtained. Furthermore, we quantified the capacity of these cells to withstand <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> inhibition by measuring the amount required to inhibit respiration by 50% and 90% and the viability of the cells after 24-h exposure to 100 ppm of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. At low titration rates, the AMJ2-C11 cells, but not the RAW 264.7 cells, increased their capacity to withstand exogenously added <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. This effect was even greater at 25°C than at 37°C. Furthermore, only the AMJ2-C11 cells remained viable after <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> exposure for 24 h. In contrast, only in the RAW 264.7 cells that an increase in cCox excess capacity was found at low temperatures. In macrophage-derived cell lines, both the excess capacity of cCox and the efficiency of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> elimination may increase at low temperatures. These properties may modify the effects of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in immune cells and, potentially, the inflammatory response during <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> exposure at different body temperatures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890049118&hterms=stratigraphy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dstratigraphy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890049118&hterms=stratigraphy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dstratigraphy"><span>Mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the Apennine Front and the mare stratigraphy of the Apollo 15 landing site</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ryder, Graham</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Olivine-normative mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are present on the Apennine Front as crystalline particles and shocked or shock-melted fragments. Picritic <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, which may be related to the olivine-normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span> by olivine accumulation, not only occur on the Front but such samples so far recognized are confined to it. Mare volcanic and impact glasses also occur on the Front; all are olivine-normative, though none are quite the equivalent of the typical olivine-normative mare group. The quartz-normative mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are not present (or are extremely rare) on the Front either as crystalline <span class="hlt">basalts</span> or shocked or glass equivalents. These observations are consistent with the olivine-normative mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> being both local and the youngest flows at the site, and the fragments being emplaced on the Front by impacts. The picritic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> raise the distinct possibility that the olivine-normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span> also ponded on the Front. An influx of olivine-normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from exotic sources (e.g., a ray from Aristillus) is inconsistent with their abundance, their dominance in the mare soil chemistry, and their age, isotopic, and trace element similarities with the quartz-normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. However, the thermal histories of the olivine-normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span> require elucidation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770020109','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770020109"><span>Lunar sample studies. [breccias <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, and anorthosites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Lunar samples discussed and the nature of their analyses are: (1) an Apollo 15 breccia which is thoroughly analyzed as to the nature of the mature regolith from which it derived and the time and nature of the lithification process, (2) two Apollo 11 and one Apollo 12 <span class="hlt">basalts</span> analyzed in terms of chemistry, Cross-Iddings-Pirsson-Washington norms, mineralogy, and petrography, (3) eight Apollo 17 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, also analyzed in terms of chemistry, Cross-Iddings-Pirsson-Washington norms, mineralogy, and petrography. The first seven are shown to be chemically similar although of two main textural groups; the eighth is seen to be distinct in both chemistry and mineralogy, (4) a troctolitic clast from a Fra Mauro breccia, analyzed and contrasted with other high-temperature lunar mineral assemblages. Two <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> clasts from the same breccia are shown to have affinities with rock 14053, and (5) the uranium-thorium-lead systematics of three Apollo 16 samples are determined; serious terrestrial-lead contamination of the first two samples is attributed to bandsaw cutting in the lunar curatorial facility.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAESc.125....1M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAESc.125....1M"><span>Geology, ore facies and sulfur isotopes geochemistry of the Nudeh Besshi-type volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit, southwest Sabzevar basin, Iran</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Maghfouri, Sajjad; Rastad, Ebrahim; Mousivand, Fardin; Lin, Ye; Zaw, Khin</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The southwest Sabzevar basin is placed in the southwestern part of a crustal domain known as the Sabzevar zone, at the north of Central Iranian microcontinent. This basin hosts abundant mineral deposits; particularly of the Mn exhalative and Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (VMS) types. The evolution of this basin is governed by the Neo-tethys oceanic crust subduction beneath the Central Iranian microcontinent and by the resulting continental arc (Sanandaj-Sirjan) and back-arc (Sabzevar-Naien). This evolution followed two major sequences: (I) Lower Late Cretaceous Volcano-Sedimentary Sequence (LLCVSS), which is indicated by fine-grained siliciclastic sediments, gray basic coarse-grained different pyroclastic rocks and bimodal volcanism. During this stage, tuff-hosted stratiform, exhalative Mn deposits (Nudeh, Benesbourd, Ferizy and Goft), oxide Cu deposits (Garab and Ferizy) and Cu-Zn VMS (Nudeh, Chun and Lala) deposits formed. (II) Upper Late Cretaceous Sedimentary Dominated Sequence (ULCSS), including pelagic limestone, marly tuff, silty limestone and marl with minor andesitic tuff rocks. The economically most important Mn (Zakeri and Cheshmeh-sefid) deposits of Sabzevar zone occur within the marly tuff of this sequence. The Nudeh Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (VMS) deposit is situated in the LLCVSS. The host-rock of deposits consists of alkali olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow and tuffaceous silty sandstone. Mineralization occurs as stratiform blanket-like and tabular orebodies. Based on ore body structure, mineralogy, and ore fabric, we recognize three different ore facies in the Nudeh deposit: (1) a stringer zone, consisting of a discordant mineralization of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> forming a stockwork of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-bearing quartz veins cutting the footwall volcano-sedimentary rocks; (2) a massive ore, consisting of massive replacement pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and Friedrichite with magnetite; (3) bedded ore, with laminated to disseminated pyrite, and chalcopyrite</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543244','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543244"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> and methane production in sewer sediments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Yiwen; Ni, Bing-Jie; Ganigué, Ramon; Werner, Ursula; Sharma, Keshab R; Yuan, Zhiguo</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Recent studies have demonstrated significant <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and methane production by sewer biofilms, particularly in rising mains. Sewer sediments in gravity sewers are also biologically active; however, their contribution to biological transformations in sewers is poorly understood at present. In this study, sediments collected from a gravity sewer were cultivated in a laboratory reactor fed with real wastewater for more than one year to obtain intact sediments. Batch test results show significant <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production with an average rate of 9.20 ± 0.39 g S/m(2)·d from the sediments, which is significantly higher than the areal rate of sewer biofilms. In contrast, the average methane production rate is 1.56 ± 0.14 g CH4/m(2)·d at 20 °C, which is comparable to the areal rate of sewer biofilms. These results clearly show that the contributions of sewer sediments to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and methane production cannot be ignored when evaluating sewer emissions. Microsensor and pore water measurements of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, sulfate and methane in the sediments, microbial profiling along the depth of the sediments and mathematical modelling reveal that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production takes place near the sediment surface due to the limited penetration of sulfate. In comparison, methane production occurs in a much deeper zone below the surface likely due to the better penetration of soluble organic carbon. Modelling results illustrate the dependency of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and methane productions on the bulk sulfate and soluble organic carbon concentrations can be well described with half-order kinetics. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035926','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035926"><span>Magmatic-vapor expansion and the formation of high-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> gold deposits: Chemical controls on alteration and mineralization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Henley, R.W.; Berger, B.R.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Large bulk-tonnage high-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> gold deposits, such as Yanacocha, Peru, are the surface expression of structurally-controlled lode gold deposits, such as El Indio, Chile. Both formed in active andesite-dacite volcanic terranes. Fluid inclusion, stable isotope and geologic data show that lode deposits formed within 1500. m of the paleo-surface as a consequence of the expansion of low-salinity, low-density magmatic vapor with very limited, if any, groundwater mixing. They are characterized by an initial 'Sulfate' Stage of advanced argillic wallrock alteration ?? alunite commonly with intense silicification followed by a '<span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>' Stage - a succession of discrete <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-sulfosalt veins that may be ore grade in gold and silver. Fluid inclusions in quartz formed during wallrock alteration have homogenization temperatures between 100 and over 500 ??C and preserve a record of a vapor-rich environment. Recent data for El Indio and similar deposits show that at the commencement of the <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Stage, 'condensation' of Cu-As-S sulfosalt melts with trace concentrations of Sb, Te, Bi, Ag and Au occurred at > 600 ??C following pyrite deposition. Euhedral quartz crystals were simultaneously deposited from the vapor phase during crystallization of the vapor-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> melt occurs to Fe-tennantite with progressive non-equilibrium fractionation of heavy metals between melt-vapor and solid. Vugs containing a range of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, sulfosalts and gold record the changing composition of the vapor. Published fluid inclusion and mineralogical data are reviewed in the context of geological relationships to establish boundary conditions through which to trace the expansion of magmatic vapor from source to surface and consequent alteration and mineralization. Initially heat loss from the vapor is high resulting in the formation of acid condensate permeating through the wallrock. This Sulfate Stage alteration effectively isolates the expansion of magmatic vapor in subsurface fracture arrays</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050167187','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050167187"><span>Mineralogy, Petrology and Oxygen Fugacity of the LaPaz Icefield Lunar <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Meteorites and the Origin of Evolved Lunar <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Collins, S. J.; Righter, K.; Brandon, A. D.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>LAP 02205 is a 1.2 kg lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> meteorite found in the Lap Paz ice field of Antarctica in 2002 [1]. Four similar meteorites were also found within the same region [1] and all five have a combined mass of 1.9 kg (LAP 02224, LAP 02226, LAP 02436 and LAP 03632, hereafter called the LAP meteorites). The LAP meteorites all contain a similar texture, mineral assemblage, and composition. A lunar origin for these samples comes from O isotopic data for LAP 02205 [1], Fe/Mn ratios of pyroxenes [1-5], and the presence of distinct lunar mineralogy such as Fe metal and baddeleyite. The LAP meteorites may represent an area of the Moon, which has never been sampled by Apollo missions, or by other lunar meteorites. The data from this study will be used to compare the LAP meteorites to Apollo mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and lunar <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> meteorites, and will ultimately help to constrain their origin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070019810&hterms=moon+landing&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dmoon%2Blanding','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070019810&hterms=moon+landing&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dmoon%2Blanding"><span>Aqueous Alteration of <span class="hlt">Basalts</span>: Earth, Moon, and Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ming, Douglas W.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The geologic processes responsible for aqueous alteration of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> materials on Mars are modeled beginning with our knowledge of analog processes on Earth, i.e., characterization of elemental and mineralogical compositions of terrestrial environments where the alteration and weathering pathways related to aqueous activity are better understood. A key ingredient to successful modeling of aqueous processes on Mars is identification of phases that have formed by those processes. The purpose of this paper is to describe what is known about the elemental and mineralogical composition of aqueous alteration products of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> materials on Mars and their implications for specific aqueous environments based upon our knowledge of terrestrial systems. Although aqueous alteration has not occurred on the Moon, it is crucial to understand the behaviors of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> materials exposed to aqueous environments in support of human exploration to the Moon over the next two decades. Several methods or indices have been used to evaluate the extent of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> alteration/weathering based upon measurements made at Mars by the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Moessbauer and Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometers. The Mineralogical Alteration Index (MAI) is based upon the percentage of total Fe (Fe(sub T)) present as Fe(3+) in alteration products (Morris et al., 2006). A second method is the evaluation of compositional trends to determine the extent to which elements have been removed from the host rock and the likely formation of secondary phases (Nesbitt and Young, 1992; Ming et al., 2007). Most of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> that have been altered by aqueous processes at the two MER landing sites in Gusev crater and on Meridiani Planum have not undergone extensive leaching in an open hydrolytic system with the exception of an outcrop in the Columbia Hills. The extent of aqueous alteration however ranges from relatively unaltered to pervasively altered materials. Several experimental studies have focused upon</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017M%26PS...52.2931E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017M%26PS...52.2931E"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span>-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Edwards, Peter H.; Bridges, John C.; Wiens, Roger; Anderson, Ryan; Dyar, Darby; Fisk, Martin; Thompson, Lucy; Gasda, Patrick; Filiberto, Justin; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Blaney, Diana; Hutchinson, Ian</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at 55 wt% SiO2 and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47-51 wt% SiO2 and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> material, with a focus of compositions around Mg# = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type <span class="hlt">basalt</span> compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parental melts thought to be associated with Tharsis and the Northern Lowlands. The Gale Crater catchment sampled a mixture of this tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> along with alkaline igneous material, together giving some analogies to terrestrial intraplate magmatic provinces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1412898','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1412898"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span>-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Edwards, Peter H.; Bridges, John C.; Wiens, Roger Craig</p> <p></p> <p>The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at ~55 wt% SiO 2 and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47–51 wt% SiO 2 and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> material, with a focus of compositions around Mg#more » = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type <span class="hlt">basalt</span> compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parental melts thought to be associated with Tharsis and the Northern Lowlands. Finally, the Gale Crater catchment sampled a mixture of this tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> along with alkaline igneous material, together giving some analogies to terrestrial intraplate magmatic provinces.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1412898-basalt-trachybasalt-samples-gale-crater-mars','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1412898-basalt-trachybasalt-samples-gale-crater-mars"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span>-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Edwards, Peter H.; Bridges, John C.; Wiens, Roger Craig; ...</p> <p>2017-09-14</p> <p>The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at ~55 wt% SiO 2 and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47–51 wt% SiO 2 and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> material, with a focus of compositions around Mg#more » = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type <span class="hlt">basalt</span> compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parental melts thought to be associated with Tharsis and the Northern Lowlands. Finally, the Gale Crater catchment sampled a mixture of this tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> along with alkaline igneous material, together giving some analogies to terrestrial intraplate magmatic provinces.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V44C..03P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V44C..03P"><span>Lithospheric control on <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma compositions within a long-lived monogenetic magmatic province: the Cainozoic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of eastern Victoria, south-eastern Australia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Price, R. C.; Nicholls, I. A.; Maas, R.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> volcanism, ranging in age from Late Jurassic to Holocene and extending across southern Victoria in south-eastern Australia was initiated ~ 95 Ma ago during the earliest stages of rifting associated with opening of the Tasman Sea and Southern Ocean. Volcanic activity has continued sporadically since that time with the only major hiatus being between 18 and 7 Ma (Price et al, 2003). <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> rocks with ages in the range 18-90 Ma occur in small lava fields scattered across eastern and south-eastern Victoria and have also been recovered from bore holes in the west of the state. These have in the past been referred to as the "Older Volcanics" to differentiate them from more volumetrically extensive and younger (< 5 Ma) lava fields to the west. Older Volcanics vary in composition from SiO2-undersaturated basanites, <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and hawaiites through transitional <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to hypersthene normative tholeiites. Strontium, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions lie between DM and EM 2 in Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic space. They are isotopically similar to Samoan OIB but different from intra-plate rocks of the New Zealand-Antarctic diffuse alkaline magmatic province (DAMP). Trace element compositions are generally characterised by enrichment of Cs, Ba, Rb, Th, U, Nb, K and light REE over heavy REE, Ti, Zr and Y but there is subtle diversity within and between particular lava fields. (La/Yb)n and K/Nb ratios show significant variation and some <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are relatively enriched in Sr, P and Pb. Potassium and Rb show distinctive relative depletions in some samples and this could be indicating low degree melting with residual phlogopite. When Sr isotope data for Older Volcanics are projected onto an east-west profile they outline distinctive discontinuities that can be related to surface and subsurface structural features within the basement. This has previously been identified in the "Newer Volcanics" (< 5 Ma) province of western Victoria (Price et al., 1997, 2003). Both Proterozoic and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646720','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646720"><span>Nanoporous gold-based microbial biosensor for direct determination of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Zhuang; Ma, Hanyue; Sun, Huihui; Gao, Rui; Liu, Honglei; Wang, Xia; Xu, Ping; Xun, Luying</p> <p>2017-12-15</p> <p>Environmental pollution caused by <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> compounds has become a major problem for public health. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore a sensitive, selective, and simple <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> detection method for environmental monitoring and protection. Here, a novel microbial biosensor was developed using recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (E. coli BL21) expressing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> detection. As an important enzyme involved in the initial step of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> metabolism, SQR oxidizes <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> to polysulfides and transfers electrons to the electron transport chain. Nanoporous gold (NPG) with its unique properties was selected for recombinant E. coli BL21 cells immobilization, and then glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by the resulting E. coli/NPG biocomposites to construct an E. coli/NPG/GCE bioelectrode. Due to the catalytic oxidation properties of NPG for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, the electrochemical reaction of the E. coli/NPG/GCE bioelectrode is attributed to the co-catalysis of SQR and NPG. For <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> detection, the E. coli/NPG/GCE bioelectrode showed a good linear response ranging from 50μM to 5mM, with a high sensitivity of 18.35μAmM -1 cm -2 and a low detection limit of 2.55μM. The anti-interference ability of the E. coli/NPG/GCE bioelectrode is better than that of enzyme-based inhibitive biosensors. Further, the E. coli/NPG/GCE bioelectrode was successfully applied to the detection of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in wastewater. These unique properties potentially make the E. coli/NPG/GCE bioelectrode an excellent choice for reliable <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> detection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=91885','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=91885"><span>In Situ Determination of <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Turnover Rates in a Meromictic Alpine Lake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lüthy, Lucas; Fritz, Markus; Bachofen, Reinhard</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>A push-pull method, previously used in groundwater analyses, was successfully adapted for measuring <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> turnover rates in situ at different depths in the meromictic Lake Cadagno. In the layer of phototrophic bacteria at about 12 m in depth net <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> consumption was observed during the day, indicating active bacterial photosynthesis. During the night the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> turnover rates were positive, indicating a net <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production from the reduction of more-oxidized sulfur compounds. Because of lack of light, no photosynthesis takes place in the monimolimnion; thus, only <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> formation is observed both during the day and the night. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> turnover rates in the oxic mixolimnion were always positive as <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is spontaneously oxidized by oxygen and as the rates of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation depend on the oxygen concentrations present. <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> oxidation by chemolithotrophic bacteria may occur at the oxicline, but this cannot be distinguished from spontaneous chemical oxidation. PMID:10653740</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...98a2013K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...98a2013K"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> fiber manufacturing technology and the possibility of its use in dentistry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Karavaeva, E.; Rogozhnikov, A.; Nikitin, V.; Cherepennikov, Yu; Lysakov, A.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>The article touches upon the technology of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber manufacturing and prospects of its use in dental practice. Two kinds of construction using <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber have been proposed. The first one is a splinting construction for mobile teeth and the second one is the reinforced base for removable plate-denture. The work presents the results of the investigation of physical and mechanical properties of the constructions based on <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber. It also describes the aspects of biomechanical modeling of such constructions in the ANSYS software package. The results of the investigation have proved that applying constructions using <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber is highly promising for prosthetic dentistry practice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.8210T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.8210T"><span>Structural studies in columnar <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from crystallographic and magnetic fabrics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tiphaine, Boiron; Jérôme, Bascou; Pierre, Camps; Eric, Ferre; Claire, Maurice; Bernard, Guy; Marie-Christine, Gerbe</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to better characterize the columnar and the associated microstructure development in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows. The thermal contraction (O'Reilly, 1879) is the main hypothesis to explain the columnar formation. However, neither the structures which appear in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow constituted of three levels (Tomkeieff, 1940) nor circular and radial structures within the prisms (for which weathering nor fracturing can account for) can be explained by the thermal contraction theory alone. An early structuring process during solidification (Guy and Le Coze, 1990) could play for a part that must be discussed (Guy, 2010). We studied two recent <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows (75 000 years) from the French Massif Central, in which the three flow levels are clearly observed. In the first <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flow (La Palisse, Ardèche), the emission centre and the flow direction are known. In the second one (Saint Arcons d'Allier, Haute Loire), the prismatic columns are particularly well developed. In order to characterize the flow structure at different scales, from the flow to the grain scale, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements were performed. The AMS data were coupled with crystallographic preferred orientation measurements of magnetite, plagioclase and clinopyroxene using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) and image analyses from perpendicular thin sections. Magnetic mineralogy studies of the La Palisse <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, in particular the thermomagnetic curves, indicate that the main carrier of AMS is high-Ti titanomagnetite (Tc≈130°C). AMS measurements of about a hundred samples show a higher degree of AMS (P parameter) in the middle level in comparison to the base. Inversely, the bulk magnetic susceptibility (Km) is higher at the flow base. Distinctive parameters for the different levels of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> flows could be then provided by AMS measurements.. Moreover, the comparison between AMS and EBSD data indicate that the magnetic susceptibility carried by the magnetic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050170562','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050170562"><span>Comparative Planetary Mineralogy: Co, Ni Systematics in Chromite from Planetary <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Karner, J. M.; Shearer, C. K.; Papike, J. J.; Righter,K.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Spinel is a minor but important phase in planetary <span class="hlt">basalts</span> because its variable composition often reflects <span class="hlt">basalt</span> petrogenesis. For example, complicated zoning trends in spinel can give clues to melt evolution [1], and V concentrations in chromite lend insight into magma oxygen fugacity (fO2) conditions [2]. Nickel and Co are two elements that are commonly used as a measure of melt fractionation, and their partitioning between olivine and melt is fairly well understood. Less clear is their partitioning into spinel, although [3] has explored Ni and Co systematics in experimental charges. This study documents Ni and Co behavior in early crystallizing spinel (chromite) from several planetary <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in an attempt to compare our results with [3], and also gain insight into <span class="hlt">basalt</span> evolution on the three planets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5345036','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5345036"><span>Submarine <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Glass Colonization by the Heterotrophic Fe(II)-Oxidizing and Siderophore-Producing Deep-Sea Bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri VS-10: The Potential Role of <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> in Enhancing Growth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sudek, Lisa A.; Wanger, Greg; Templeton, Alexis S.; Staudigel, Hubert; Tebo, Bradley M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Phylogenetically and metabolically diverse bacterial communities have been found in association with submarine <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass surfaces. The driving forces behind <span class="hlt">basalt</span> colonization are for the most part unknown. It remains ambiguous if <span class="hlt">basalt</span> provides ecological advantages beyond representing a substrate for surface colonization, such as supplying nutrients and/or energy. Pseudomonas stutzeri VS-10, a metabolically versatile bacterium isolated from Vailulu’u Seamount, was used as a model organism to investigate the physiological responses observed when biofilms are established on <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses. In Fe-limited heterotrophic media, P. stutzeri VS-10 exhibited elevated growth in the presence of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass. Diffusion chamber experiments demonstrated that physical attachment or contact of soluble metabolites such as siderophores with the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass plays a pivotal role in this process. Electrochemical data indicated that P. stutzeri VS-10 is able to use solid substrates (electrodes) as terminal electron donors and acceptors. Siderophore production and heterotrophic Fe(II) oxidation are discussed as potential mechanisms enhancing growth of P. stutzeri VS-10 on glass surfaces. In correlation with that we discuss the possibility that metabolic versatility could represent a common and beneficial physiological trait in marine microbial communities being subject to oligotrophic and rapidly changing deep-sea conditions. PMID:28344573</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GGG....16..486T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GGG....16..486T"><span>Re-Os isotope and platinum group elements of a FOcal ZOne mantle source, Louisville Seamounts Chain, Pacific ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tejada, Maria Luisa G.; Hanyu, Takeshi; Ishikawa, Akira; Senda, Ryoko; Suzuki, Katsuhiko; Fitton, Godfrey; Williams, Rebecca</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>The Louisville Seamount Chain (LSC) is, besides the Hawaiian-Emperor Chain, one of the longest-lived hotspot traces. We report here the first Re-Os isotope and platinum group element (PGE) data for Canopus, Rigil, and Burton Guyots along the chain, which were drilled during IODP Expedition 330. The LSC <span class="hlt">basalts</span> possess (187Os/188Os)i = 0.1245-0.1314 that are remarkably homogeneous and do not vary with age. A Re-Os isochron age of 64.9 ± 3.2 Ma was obtained for Burton seamount (the youngest of the three seamounts drilled), consistent with 40Ar-39Ar data. Isochron-derived initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.1272 ± 0.0008, together with data for olivines (0.1271-0.1275), are within the estimated primitive mantle values. This (187Os/188Os)i range is similar to those of Rarotonga (0.124-0.139) and Samoan shield (0.1276-0.1313) <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and lower than those of Cook-Austral (0.136-0.155) and Hawaiian shield (0.1283-0.1578) <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, suggesting little or no recycled component in the LSC mantle source. The PGE data of LSC <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are distinct from those of oceanic lower crust. Variation in PGE patterns can be largely explained by different low degrees of melting under <span class="hlt">sulfide-saturated</span> conditions of the same relatively fertile mantle source, consistent with their primitive mantle-like Os and primordial Ne isotope signatures. The PGE patterns and the low 187Os/188Os composition of LSC <span class="hlt">basalts</span> contrast with those of Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) tholeiites. We conclude that the Re-Os isotope and PGE composition of LSC <span class="hlt">basalts</span> reflect a relatively pure deep-sourced common mantle sampled by some ocean island <span class="hlt">basalts</span> but is not discernible in the composition of OJP tholeiites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JVGR..225...13S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JVGR..225...13S"><span>Petrochemistry of a xenolith-bearing Neogene alkali olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> from northeastern Iran</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saadat, Saeed; Stern, Charles R.</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>A small isolated Neogene, possibly Quaternary, monogenetic alkali olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> cone in northeastern Iran contains both mantle peridotite and crustal gabbroic xenoliths, as well as plagioclase megacrysts. The <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma rose to the surface along pathways associated with local extension at the junction between the N-S right-lateral and E-W left-lateral strike slip faults that form the northeastern boundary of the Lut microcontinental block. This <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is enriched in LREE relative to HREE, and has trace-element ratios similar to that of oceanic island <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (OIB). Its 87Sr/86Sr (0.705013 to 0.705252), 143Nd/144Nd (0.512735 to 0.512738), and Pb isotopic compositions all fall in the field of OIB derived from enriched (EM-2) mantle. It formed by mixing of small melt fractions from both garnet-bearing asthenospheric and spinel-facies lithospheric mantle. Plagioclase (An26-32) megacrysts, up to 4 cm in length, have euhedral crystal faces and show no evidence of reaction with the host <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Their trace-element concentrations suggest that these megacrysts are co-genetic with the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> host, although their 87Sr/86Sr (0.704796) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.512687) ratios are different than this <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. Round to angular, medium-grained granoblastic meta-igneous gabbroic xenoliths, ranging from ~ 1 to 6 cm in dimension, are derived from the lower continental crust. Spinel-peridotite xenoliths equilibrated in the subcontinental lithosphere at depths of 30 to 60 km and temperatures of 965 °C to 1065 °C. These xenoliths do not preserve evidence of extensive metasomatic enrichment as has been inferred for the mantle below the Damavand volcano further to the west in north-central Iran, and clinopyroxenes separated from two different mantle xenoliths have 87Sr/86Sr (0.704309 and 0.704593) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.512798) ratios which are less radiogenic than either their host alkali <span class="hlt">basalt</span> or Damavand <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, implying significant regional variations in the composition and extent of</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949916','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949916"><span>[Fatal outcome of an hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> poisoning].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Querellou, E; Jaffrelot, M; Savary, D; Savry, C; Perfus, J-P</p> <p>2005-10-01</p> <p>We report a case of fatal outcome poisoning by massive exposure to hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> of a sewer worker. This rare event was associated with a moderate intoxication of two members of the rescue team. The death was due to asystole and massive lung oedema. Autopsy analysis showed diffuse necrotic lesions in lungs. Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is a direct and systemic poison, produced by organic matter decomposition. The direct toxicity mechanism is still unclear. The systemic toxicity is due to an acute toxicity by oxygen depletion at cellular level. It is highly diffusable and potentially very dangerous. At low concentration, rotten egg smell must trigger hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> suspicion since at higher concentration it is undetectable, making intoxication possible. In case of acute intoxication, there is an almost instantaneous cardiovascular failure and a rapid death. Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> exposure requires prevention measures and more specifically the use of respiratory equipment for members of the rescue team.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.V41E1517M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.V41E1517M"><span>Influence of H2O on Liquidus Temperatures of Primitive <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> and Olivine-Liquid Thermometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Medard, E.; Grove, T. L.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>We have undertaken a systematic experimental study aimed at understanding the effect of water on olivine liquidus temperatures of primitive <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Experiments have been performed on a primitive tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> from Medicine Lake Volcano, California (sample 82-72f, Bartels et al. 1991). The dry liquidus has been characterized from 0.1 MPa to 1.2 GPa. The wet liquidus has been constrained to within 15 °C using water-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> experiments performed in a MHC externally heated pressure vessel. Preliminary results show that the olivine-liquidus depression (i.e., the difference between dry and water-bearing liquidus) is essentially a linear function of the water content of the melt: ΔT = 560  X(HO0.5), where X(HO0.5) is the mole fraction of water, calculated on a single-cation oxide basis. For 82-72f, this roughly translates into a 30 °C / wt% H2O depression. Simple systems (e.g., diopside/H2O, albite/H2O) suggest that melt structure / composition may have an influence on H2O liquidus depression, and this potential influence is currently under investigation. Experimental phase equilibria and thermobarometry of primitive <span class="hlt">basalts</span> provide the primary evidence for estimating melting conditions and thermal structures in the Earth's mantle. Assessing the influence of H2O is critical, because it is the dominant volatile component involved in igneous processes, and it has been shown to cause a significant reduction in liquidus temperatures. However, recent model parameterizations vary from very large effects at low H2O contents (about 75 °C at 1 wt% H2O, Falloon and Danyushevsky 2000) to linear effect of H2O vs liquidus temperature (about 25 °C at 1 wt% H2O, Sugawara 2000). Our experimental determination more closely approximates the latter model. A key consequence is that the presence of small amounts of water in MORB magmas (< 1wt%) will only have a very small effect (< 30 °C) on liquidus temperature determination for mid-ocean-ridges. For magmas that are more</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1168427-atomic-layer-deposition-metal-sulfide-materials','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1168427-atomic-layer-deposition-metal-sulfide-materials"><span>Atomic layer deposition of metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Dasgupta, Neil P.; Meng, Xiangbo; Elam, Jeffrey W.; ...</p> <p>2015-01-12</p> <p>The field of nanoscience is delivering increasingly intricate yet elegant geometric structures incorporating an ever-expanding palette of materials. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful driver of this field, providing exceptionally conformal coatings spanning the periodic table and atomic-scale precision independent of substrate geometry. This versatility is intrinsic to ALD and results from sequential and self-limiting surface reactions. This characteristic facilitates digital synthesis, in which the film grows linearly with the number of reaction cycles. While the majority of ALD processes identified to date produce metal oxides, novel applications in areas such as energy storage, catalysis, and nanophotonics are motivatingmore » interest in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> materials. Recent progress in ALD of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> has expanded the diversity of accessible materials as well as a more complete understanding of the unique chalcogenide surface chemistry. ALD of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> materials typically uses metalorganic precursors and hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H 2S). As in oxide ALD, the precursor chemistry is critical to controlling both the film growth and properties including roughness, crystallinity, and impurity levels. By modification of the precursor sequence, multicomponent <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> have been deposited, although challenges remain because of the higher propensity for cation exchange reactions, greater diffusion rates, and unintentional annealing of this more labile class of materials. A deeper understanding of these surface chemical reactions has been achieved through a combination of in situ studies and quantum-chemical calculations. As this understanding matures, so does our ability to deterministically tailor film properties to new applications and more sophisticated devices. This Account highlights the attributes of ALD chemistry that are unique to metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and surveys recent applications of these materials in photovoltaics, energy storage, and photonics. Within each application</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PEPI...89..163J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PEPI...89..163J"><span>The implications of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> in the formation and evolution of mountains on Venus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jull, Matthew G.; Arkani-Hamed, Jafar</p> <p>1995-06-01</p> <p>The highland region of Ishtar Terra on Venus has mountains that reach up to 11 km in height and are thought to be <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> in composition. Assuming that dynamic uplift of crust to this height is unlikely, we examine the topography produced by an isostatically supported thickening <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> crust. It is found that regardless of whether the crust thickens by crustal shortening or by volcanic construction, the high-density <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-eclogite phase transition is the limiting factor for producing significant elevation of the mountains. The maximum height attained by <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> mountains depends on the nature of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span>-eclogite phase transition. Without a phase transition, a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> crust must thicken to greater than 100 km to reach heights over 10 km. An instantaneous phase transition of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> to eclogite allows a maximum topographic height of less than about 2 km. However, with a time lag of 100 Ma owing to slow rates of solid-state diffusion, our calculations show that the mountains can reach elevations greater than 10 km only if they are less than 25 Ma old. Higher temperatures within the Venusian crust may decrease the extent of the stability fields of high-density <span class="hlt">basalt</span> phases and allow high topography if the thickening crust melts. This can occur if the radioactive element concentrations measured on the surface of Venus are uniformly distributed throughout the crust, the crust thickens to greater than 65 km, and the thickened crust is older than about 400 Ma. The conflicting results of a young age predicted for high <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> mountains and an almost uniform surface age of 500 Ma from crater populations, coupled with similarities in bulk physical properties of Venus and Earth, suggest that the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> surface composition found at several landing sites on the planet may not be representative of the entire crust. We suggest that Ishtar Terra formed from the collision of continent-like highly silicic cratons over a region of mantle downwelling. Lakshmi Planum</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19905954','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19905954"><span>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production from cysteine and homocysteine by periodontal and oral bacteria.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yoshida, Akihiro; Yoshimura, Mamiko; Ohara, Naoya; Yoshimura, Shigeru; Nagashima, Shiori; Takehara, Tadamichi; Nakayama, Koji</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is one of the predominant volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced by oral bacteria. This study developed and evaluated a system for detecting hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production by oral bacteria. L-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane-lyase (METase) and beta carbon-sulfur (beta C-S) lyase were used to degrade homocysteine and cysteine, respectively, to produce hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Enzymatic reactions resulting in hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production were assayed by reaction with bismuth trichloride, which forms a black precipitate when mixed with hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. The enzymatic activities of various oral bacteria that result in hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production and the capacity of bacteria from periodontal sites to form hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in reaction mixtures containing L-cysteine or DL-homocysteine were assayed. With L-cysteine as the substrate, Streptococcus anginosus FW73 produced the most hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, whereas Porphyromonas gingivalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 33277 and W83 and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 produced approximately 35% of the amount produced by the P. gingivalis strains. Finally, the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> found in subgingival plaque was analyzed. Using bismuth trichloride, the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> produced by oral bacteria was visually detectable as a black precipitate. Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production by oral bacteria was easily analyzed using bismuth trichloride. However, further innovation is required for practical use.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017193','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017193"><span>Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ore bodies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sato, M.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>At temperatures prevailing near the Earth's surface, metastable co-existence of chemical substances is common because chemical reactions that would directly lead to the attainment of thermody-namically most stable equilibria are often blocked by high activation energy barriers. The persistency of a metastable assemblage is then governed by alternative reaction paths that provide lower activation energy barriers. Comparison of observed mineral assemblages in the supergene oxidized and enriched <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ores with corresponding stability Eh-pH diagrams reveals that the supergene assemblages are mostly metastable due primarily to the persistency of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals beyond stability boundaries. A new set of diagrams called persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams has been constructed for binary metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> on the basis of electrochemical and other experimental data. Each diagram delineates the persistency field, which is a combined field of thermodynamic stability and reaction path-controlled metastability, for a specific <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineral. When applied to the supergene assemblages, these new diagrams show much better correspondence to the field observations. Although there may still be room for further refinement, the new diagrams appear to provide a strong visual aid to the understanding of the behavior of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals in the supergene conditions. ?? 1992.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.B13C0477I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.B13C0477I"><span>Subseafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> as fungal habitats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivarsson, M.; Bengtson, S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The oceanic crust makes up the largest potential habitat for life on Earth, yet next to nothing is known about the abundance, diversity and ecology of its biosphere. Our understanding of the deep biosphere of subseafloor crust is, with a few exceptions, based on a fossil record. Surprisingly, a majority of the fossilized microorganisms have been interpreted or recently re-interpreted as remnants of fungi rather than prokaryotes. Even though this might be due to a bias in fossilization the presence of fungi in these settings can not be neglected. We have examined fossilized microorganisms in drilled <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples collected at the Emperor Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean. Synchrotron-radiation X-ray tomography microscopy (SRXTM) studies has revealed a complex morphology and internal structure that corresponds to characteristic fungal morphology. Chitin was detected in the fossilized hyphae, which is another strong argument in favour of a fungal interpretation. Chitin is absent in prokaryotes but a substantial constituent in fungal cell walls. The fungal colonies consist of both hyphae and yeast-like growth states as well as resting structures and possible fruit bodies, thus, the fungi exist in vital colonies in subseafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The fungi have also been involved in extensive weathering of secondary mineralisations. In terrestrial environments fungi are known as an important geobiological agent that promotes mineral weathering and decomposition of organic matter, and they occur in vital symbiosis with other microorganisms. It is probable to assume that fungi would play a similar role in subseafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and have great impact on the ecology and on biogeochemical cycles in such environments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol8-sec872-1870.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol8-sec872-1870.pdf"><span>21 CFR 872.1870 - <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> detection device.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> detection device. 872.1870 Section 872.1870 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Diagnostic Devices § 872.1870 <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> detection device. (a) Identification...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001832','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001832"><span>Derivation of Apollo 14 High-Al <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> at Discrete Times: Rb-Sr Isotopic Constraints</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hui. Hejiu; Neal, Clive, R.; Shih, Chi-Yu; Nyquist, Laurence E.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Pristine Apollo 14 (A-14) high-Al <span class="hlt">basalts</span> represent the oldest volcanic deposits returned from the Moon [1,2] and are relatively enriched in Al2O3 (>11 wt%) compared to other mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (7-11 wt%). Literature Rb-Sr isotopic data suggest there are at least three different eruption episodes for the A-14 high-Al <span class="hlt">basalts</span> spanning the age range approx.4.3 Ga to approx.3.95 Ga [1,3]. Therefore, the high-Al <span class="hlt">basalts</span> may record lunar mantle evolution between the formation of lunar crust (approx.4.4 Ga) and the main basin-filling mare volcanism (<3.85 Ga) [4]. The high-Al <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were originally classified into five compositional groups [5,6], and then regrouped into three with a possible fourth comprising 14072 based on the whole-rock incompatible trace element (ITE) ratios and Rb-Sr radiometric ages [7]. However, Rb-Sr ages of these <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from different laboratories may not be consistent with each other because of the use of different 87Rb decay constants [8] and different isochron derivation methods over the last four decades. This study involved a literature search for Rb-Sr isotopic data previously reported for the high-Al <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. With the re-calculated Rb-Sr radiometric ages, eruption episodes of A-14 high-Al <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were determined, and their petrogenesis was investigated in light of the "new" Rb-Sr isotopic data and published trace element abundances of these <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033471','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033471"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-driven arsenic mobilization from arsenopyrite and black shale pyrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Zhu, W.; Young, L.Y.; Yee, N.; Serfes, M.; Rhine, E.D.; Reinfelder, J.R.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>We examined the hypothesis that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> drives arsenic mobilization from pyritic black shale by a <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-arsenide exchange and oxidation reaction in which <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> replaces arsenic in arsenopyrite forming pyrite, and arsenide (As-1) is concurrently oxidized to soluble arsenite (As+3). This hypothesis was tested in a series of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-arsenide exchange experiments with arsenopyrite (FeAsS), homogenized black shale from the Newark Basin (Lockatong formation), and pyrite isolated from Newark Basin black shale incubated under oxic (21% O2), hypoxic (2% O2, 98% N2), and anoxic (5% H2, 95% N2) conditions. The oxidation state of arsenic in Newark Basin black shale pyrite was determined using X-ray absorption-near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). Incubation results show that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (1 mM initial concentration) increases arsenic mobilization to the dissolved phase from all three solids under oxic and hypoxic, but not anoxic conditions. Indeed under oxic and hypoxic conditions, the presence of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> resulted in the mobilization in 48 h of 13-16 times more arsenic from arsenopyrite and 6-11 times more arsenic from isolated black shale pyrite than in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-free controls. XANES results show that arsenic in Newark Basin black shale pyrite has the same oxidation state as that in FeAsS (-1) and thus extend the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-arsenide exchange mechanism of arsenic mobilization to sedimentary rock, black shale pyrite. Biologically active incubations of whole black shale and its resident microorganisms under sulfate reducing conditions resulted in sevenfold higher mobilization of soluble arsenic than sterile controls. Taken together, our results indicate that <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-driven arsenic mobilization would be most important under conditions of redox disequilibrium, such as when sulfate-reducing bacteria release <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> into oxic groundwater, and that microbial <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production is expected to enhance arsenic mobilization in sedimentary rock aquifers with major pyrite-bearing, black</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/951185','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/951185"><span>Prokaryotic diversity, distribution, and insights into their role in biogeochemical cycling in marine <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mason, Olivia U.; Di Meo-Savoie, Carol A.; Van Nostrand, Joy D.</p> <p>2008-09-30</p> <p>We used molecular techniques to analyze <span class="hlt">basalts</span> of varying ages that were collected from the East Pacific Rise, 9 oN, from the rift axis of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and from neighboring seamounts. Cluster analysis of 16S rDNA Terminal Restriction Fragment Polymorphism data revealed that <span class="hlt">basalt</span> endoliths are distinct from seawater and that communities clustered, to some degree, based on the age of the host rock. This age-based clustering suggests that alteration processes may affect community structure. Cloning and sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes revealed twelve different phyla and sub-phyla associated with <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. These include themore » Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, the candidate phylum SBR1093 in the c, andin the Archaea Marine Benthic Group B, none of which have been previously reported in <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. We delineated novel ocean crust clades in the gamma-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Actinobacteria that are composed entirely of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> associated microflora, and may represent <span class="hlt">basalt</span> ecotypes. Finally, microarray analysis of functional genes in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> revealed that genes coding for previously unreported processes such as carbon fixation, methane-oxidation, methanogenesis, and nitrogen fixation are present, suggesting that <span class="hlt">basalts</span> harbor previously unrecognized metabolic diversity. These novel processes could exert a profound influence on ocean chemistry.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1390435','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1390435"><span>Wallula <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Pilot Demonstration Project: Post-injection Results and Conclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>McGrail, Bernard Pete; Schaef, Herbert T.; Spane, Frank A.</p> <p></p> <p>Deep underground geologic formations are emerging as a reasonable option for long-term storage of CO 2, including large continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formations. At the GHGT-11 and GHGT-12 conferences, progress was reported on the initial phases for Wallula <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Pilot demonstration test (located in Eastern Washington state), where nearly 1,000 metric tons of CO 2 were injected over a 3-week period during July/August 2013. The target CO 2 injection intervals were two permeable <span class="hlt">basalt</span> interflow reservoir zones with a combined thickness of ~20 m that occur within a layered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sequence between a depth of 830-890 m below ground surface. Duringmore » the two-year post-injection period, downhole fluid samples were periodically collected during this post-injection monitoring phase, coupled with limited wireline borehole logging surveys that provided indirect evidence of on-going chemical geochemical reactions/alterations and CO 2 disposition. A final detailed post-closure field characterization program that included downhole fluid sampling, and performance of hydrologic tests and wireline geophysical surveys. Included as part of the final wireline characterization activities was the retrieval of side-wall cores from within the targeted injection zones. These cores were examined for evidence of in-situ mineral carbonization. Visual observations of the core material identified small globular nodules, translucent to yellow in color, residing within vugs and small cavities of the recovered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> side-wall cores, which were not evident in pre-injection side-wall cores obtained from the native <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formation. Characterization by x-ray diffraction identified these nodular precipitates as ankerite, a commonly occurring iron and calcium rich carbonate. Isotopic characterization (δ 13C, δ 18O) conducted on the ankerite nodules indicate a distinct isotopic signature that is closely aligned with that of the injected CO 2. Both the secondary mineral nodules and injected CO 2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1390435-wallula-basalt-pilot-demonstration-project-post-injection-results-conclusions','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1390435-wallula-basalt-pilot-demonstration-project-post-injection-results-conclusions"><span>Wallula <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Pilot Demonstration Project: Post-injection Results and Conclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>McGrail, Bernard Pete; Schaef, Herbert T.; Spane, Frank A.; ...</p> <p>2017-08-18</p> <p>Deep underground geologic formations are emerging as a reasonable option for long-term storage of CO 2, including large continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formations. At the GHGT-11 and GHGT-12 conferences, progress was reported on the initial phases for Wallula <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Pilot demonstration test (located in Eastern Washington state), where nearly 1,000 metric tons of CO 2 were injected over a 3-week period during July/August 2013. The target CO 2 injection intervals were two permeable <span class="hlt">basalt</span> interflow reservoir zones with a combined thickness of ~20 m that occur within a layered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sequence between a depth of 830-890 m below ground surface. Duringmore » the two-year post-injection period, downhole fluid samples were periodically collected during this post-injection monitoring phase, coupled with limited wireline borehole logging surveys that provided indirect evidence of on-going chemical geochemical reactions/alterations and CO 2 disposition. A final detailed post-closure field characterization program that included downhole fluid sampling, and performance of hydrologic tests and wireline geophysical surveys. Included as part of the final wireline characterization activities was the retrieval of side-wall cores from within the targeted injection zones. These cores were examined for evidence of in-situ mineral carbonization. Visual observations of the core material identified small globular nodules, translucent to yellow in color, residing within vugs and small cavities of the recovered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> side-wall cores, which were not evident in pre-injection side-wall cores obtained from the native <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formation. Characterization by x-ray diffraction identified these nodular precipitates as ankerite, a commonly occurring iron and calcium rich carbonate. Isotopic characterization (δ 13C, δ 18O) conducted on the ankerite nodules indicate a distinct isotopic signature that is closely aligned with that of the injected CO 2. Both the secondary mineral nodules and injected CO 2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003MCM....39...85B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003MCM....39...85B"><span>The Effect of Adhesion Interaction on the Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Plastics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bashtannik, P. I.; Kabak, A. I.; Yakovchuk, Yu. Yu.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The effect of temperature, adhesion time, and surface treatment of a reinforcing filler on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> plastics based on a high-density polyethylene and a copolymer of 1,3,5-trioxane with 1,3-dioxolan is investigated. An extreme dependence for the adhesive strength in a thermoplastic-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber system is established and its effect on the mechanical properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> plastics and the influence of the adhesion contact time on the adhesive strength in the system are clarified. The surface modification of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fibers in acidic and alkaline media intensifies the adhesion of thermoplastics to them owing to a more developed surface of the reinforcing fibers after etching. It is found that the treatment in the acidic medium is more efficient and considerably improves the mechanical properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> plastics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6484871-genesis-base-metal-sulfide-deposits-alabama-piedmont-final-report-somed-school-mines-energy-development-project-year','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6484871-genesis-base-metal-sulfide-deposits-alabama-piedmont-final-report-somed-school-mines-energy-development-project-year"><span>Genesis of base-metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits, Alabama Piedmont: Final report for the 1985-1986 SOMED (School of Mines and Energy Development) project year</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lesher, C.M.</p> <p>1987-03-18</p> <p>The best characterized massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposit in the Northern Alabama Piedmont is the Stone Hill deposit, one of several small Fe-Cu-Zn deposits and prospects associated with metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Ashland Supergroup. The Fe-Cu-Zn <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineralization in the Stone Hill district is hosted by thin felsic schist horizons within the Ketchepedrakee amphibolite, along the contact between metasediments of the Mad Indian and Poe Bridge Mountain Groups. Associated lithologies include garnetites, tremolite-chlorite rocks, and oxide facies iron-formations. The mineralized felsic schists and garnetites are of very limited stratigraphic extent, generally occur within the interpreted upper part of the amphibolite,more » and normally exhibit gradational contacts with enclosing amphibolites. The mineralized felsic schists contain enigmatic grains and polycrystalline aggregates of quartz +- feldspar +- amphibole +- mica that probably represent boudinaged quartz-feldspar segregations, but it is impossible to completely preclude an origin as recrystallized clastic sedimentary particles, recrystallized and deformed igneous phenocrysts, or cataclastic particles. Multivariate statistical analyses and mass balance calculations suggest that the mineralized felsic schists and garnetites are hydrothermally-altered, metamorphosed equivalents of the amphibolites, consistent with the field relationships. Interpretation of the Ketchepedrakee amphibolite as an ocean floor <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, the mineralized felsic schists and garnetites as hydrothermally-altered variants, and the enclosing graphitic and garnetiferous schists as flysch-type sediments suggests that the rocks of the Stone Hill district were deposited along a rifted continental margin. The close association of mineralization and hydrothermal alteration indicates that a proximal volcanogenic model is most appropriate for the massive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits in this area.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GeCoA.124..348C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GeCoA.124..348C"><span>Viscous flow behavior of tholeiitic and alkaline Fe-rich martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chevrel, Magdalena Oryaëlle; Baratoux, David; Hess, Kai-Uwe; Dingwell, Donald B.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The chemical compositions of martian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are enriched in iron with respect to terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Their rheology is poorly known and liquids of this chemical composition have not been experimentally investigated. Here, we determine the viscosity of five synthetic silicate liquids having compositions representative of the diversity of martian volcanic rocks including primary martian mantle melts and alkali <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The concentric cylinder method has been employed between 1500 °C and the respective liquidus temperatures of these liquids. The viscosity near the glass transition has been derived from calorimetric measurements of the glass transition. Although some glass heterogeneity limits the accuracy of the data near the glass transition, it was nevertheless possible to determine the parameters of the non-Arrhenian temperature-dependence of viscosity over a wide temperature range (1500 °C to the glass transition temperature). At superliquidus conditions, the martian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> viscosities are as low as those of the Fe-Ti-rich lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, similar to the lowest viscosities recorded for terrestrial ferrobasalts, and 0.5 to 1 order of magnitude lower than terrestrial tholeiitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Comparison with empirical models reveals that Giordano et al. (2008) offers the best approximation, whereas the model proposed by Hui and Zhang (2007) is inappropriate for the compositions considered. The slightly lower viscosities exhibited by the melts produced by low degree of mantle partial melting versus melts produced at high degree of mantle partial melting (likely corresponding to the early history of Mars), is not deemed sufficient to lead to viscosity variations large enough to produce an overall shift of martian lava flow morphologies over time. Rather, the details of the crystallization sequence (and in particular the ability of some of these magmas to form spinifex texture) is proposed to be a dominant effect on the viscosity during martian lava flow emplacement and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JVGR..197..313V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JVGR..197..313V"><span>Back-arc <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Loncopue graben (Province of Neuquen, Argentina)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Varekamp, J. C.; Hesse, A.; Mandeville, C. W.</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>Young <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> back-arc volcanoes occur east of the main Andes chain at about 37.5°-39°S in the Loncopue graben, Province of Neuquen, Argentina. These olivine-rich <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and trachybasalts have up to 8% MgO, with high Ni and Cr contents, but highly variable incompatible element concentrations. Mafic lava flows and cinder cones at the southern end of the graben lack phenocrystic plagioclase. The northern samples have relative Ta-Nb depletions and K, Pb and LREE enrichment. These samples strongly resemble rocks of the nearby arc volcanoes Copahue and Caviahue, including their Fe-Ti enrichment relative to the main Andes arc rocks. The Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios show that the source regions of these back-arc <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are enriched in subducted components that were depleted in the aqueous mobile elements such as Cs, Sr and Ba as a result of prior extractions from the subducted complex below the main arc. Some mafic flows show slightly low 206Pb/ 204Pb and 143Nd/ 144Nd values as well as incompatible trace element ratios similar to southern Patagonia plateau back-arc <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, suggesting contributions from an EM1 mantle source. Geothermometry and barometry suggest that the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> crystallized and fractionated small amounts of olivine and spinel at ˜ 35 km depth at temperatures of 1170-1220 °C, at about QFM + 0.5 to QFM + 1 with 1-2% H 2O, and then rose rapidly to the surface. The Loncopue graben back-arc <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are transitional in composition between the South Patagonia back-arc plateau <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and the Caviahue and Copahue arc volcanoes to the northwest. The EM1 source endmember is possibly the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Strong variations in incompatible element enrichment and isotopic compositions between closely spaced cinder cones and lava flows suggest a heterogeneous mantle source for the Loncopue graben volcanics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206860','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206860"><span>Simulation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> buildup in wastewater and atmosphere of sewer networks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nielsen, A H; Yongsiri, C; Hvitved-Jacobsen, T; Vollertsen, J</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>A model concept for prediction of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> buildup in sewer networks is presented. The model concept is an extension to--and a further development of--the WATS model (Wastewater Aerobic-anaerobic Transformations in Sewers), which has been developed by Hvitved-Jacobsen and co-workers at Aalborg University. In addition to the sulfur cycle, the WATS model simulates changes in dissolved oxygen and carbon fractions of different biodegradability. The sulfur cycle was introduced via six processes: 1. <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production taking place in the biofilm covering the permanently wetted sewer walls; 2. biological <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation in the permanently wetted biofilm; 3. chemical and biological <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation in the water phase; 4. <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitation with metals present in the wastewater; 5. emission of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> to the sewer atmosphere and 6. adsorption and oxidation of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> on the moist sewer walls where concrete corrosion may take place.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAESc.149..103H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAESc.149..103H"><span>Submarine <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> fountain eruptions in a back-arc basin during the opening of the Japan Sea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hosoi, Jun; Amano, Kazuo</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> rock generated during the middle Miocene opening of the Japan Sea, is widely distributed on the back-arc side of the Japanese archipelago. Few studies have investigated on submarine volcanism related to opening of the Japan Sea. The present study aimed to reconstruct details of the subaqueous volcanism that formed the back-arc basin <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (BABB) during this event, and to discuss the relationship between volcanism and the tectonics of back-arc opening, using facies analyses based on field investigation. The study area of the southern Dewa Hills contains well-exposed <span class="hlt">basalt</span> related to the opening of the Japan Sea. Five types of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rock facies are recognized: (1) coherent <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, (2) massive platy <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, (3) jigsaw-fit monomictic <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> breccia, (4) massive or stratified coarse monomictic <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> breccia with fluidal clasts, and (5) massive or stratified fine monomictic <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> breccia. The <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks are mainly hyaloclastite. Based on facies distributions, we infer that volcanism occurred along fissures developed mainly at the center of the study area. Given that the rocks contain many fluidal clasts, submarine lava fountaining is inferred to have been the dominant eruption style. The <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks are interpreted as the products of back-arc volcanism that occurred by tensional stress related to opening of the Japan Sea, which drove strong tectonic subsidence and active lava fountain volcanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2995 - Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 73.2995 Section 73.2995 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2995 Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. (a) Identity...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2995 - Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 73.2995 Section 73.2995 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2995 Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. (a) Identity...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec73-2995.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2995 - Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. 73.2995 Section 73.2995 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2995 Luminescent zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. (a) Identity...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.H41C1316M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.H41C1316M"><span>Low Temperature Reaction Experiments Between <span class="hlt">Basalt</span>, Seawater and CO2, and Implications for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Deep-Sea <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marieni, C.; Teagle, D. A. H.; Matter, J. M.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Reactions between divalent cation-rich silicate minerals and CO2-bearing fluids to form (Ca, Mg, Fe) carbonate minerals could facilitate the safe and permanent storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Deep-sea <span class="hlt">basalt</span> formations provide large storage reservoir capacities and huge potential sources of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+. However, better knowledge of silicate mineral reaction rates with carbonate-bearing fluids is required to understand the overall carbon storage potential of these reservoirs. This study investigates key reactions associated with progressive seawater-rock interaction using far-from equilibrium dissolution experiments. The experiments were carried out at 40 ˚C and at constant CO2 partial pressure of 1 atm. Mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Juan de Fuca and Mid-Atlantic Ridges and a gabbro from the Troodos ophiolite were reacted with 500 mL of CO2-charged seawater using thick-walled fluorinated polypropylene bottles combined with rubber stoppers. The starting material was crushed, sieved and thoroughly cleaned to remove fine particles (< 63 μm) to ensure a particle grain size between 63 and 125 μm for all the samples. The seawater chemistry and the pH were monitored throughout the experiments by daily analysis of 1 mL of fluid. The pH increased rapidly from 4.8 to 5.0 before stabilizing at 5.1 after 10 days of reaction time. The analysis of anions (S, Cl) highlighted a substantial evaporation (up to 15 %) during the experiments, requiring a correction factor for the measured dissolved ion concentrations. Evaporation corrected silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the seawater increased by 5900 % and 14 %, resulting in total dissolved Si and Ca from <span class="hlt">basalt</span> of 0.3 % and 2.4 %, respectively. The results are comparable with literature data for fresh water experiments conducted on <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glass at higher temperature or pressure, illustrating the considerable potential of the mineral sequestration of CO2 in submarine <span class="hlt">basalts</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030111247&hterms=Mare&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DMare','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030111247&hterms=Mare&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DMare"><span>Lunar Mare <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> as Analogues for Martian Volcanic Compositions: Evidence from Visible, Near-IR, and Thermal Emission Spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Graff, T. G.; Morris, R. V.; Christensen, P. R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> potentially provide a unique sample suite for understanding the nature of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> on the martian surface. Our current knowledge of the mineralogical and chemical composition of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> material on Mars comes from studies of the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> martian meteorites and from orbital and surface remote sensing observations. Petrographic observations of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> martian meteorites (e.g., Shergotty, Zagami, and EETA79001) show that the dominant phases are pyroxene (primarily pigeonite and augite), maskelynite (a diaplectic glass formed from plagioclase by shock), and olivine [1,2]. Pigeonite, a low calcium pyroxene, is generally not found in abundance in terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, but does often occur on the Moon [3]. Lunar samples thus provide a means to examine a variety of pigeonite-rich <span class="hlt">basalts</span> that also have bulk elemental compositions (particularly low-Ti Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>) that are comparable to <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> SNC meteorites [4,5]. Furthermore, lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span> may be mineralogically better suited as analogues of the martian surface <span class="hlt">basalts</span> than the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> martian meteorites because the plagioclase feldspar in the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> Martian meteorites, but not in the lunar surface <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, is largely present as maskelynite [1,2]. Analysis of lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> my also lead to additional endmember spectra for spectral libraries. This is particularly important analysis of martian thermal emission spectra, because the spectral library apparently contains a single pigeonite spectrum derived from a synthetic sample [6].</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6149929-mare-basalt-magma-source-region-mare-basalt-magma-genesis','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6149929-mare-basalt-magma-source-region-mare-basalt-magma-genesis"><span>Mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magma source region and mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magma genesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Binder, A.B.</p> <p>1982-11-15</p> <p>Given the available data, we find that the wide range of mare <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> material characteristics can be explained by a model in which: (1) The mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> magma source region lies between the crust-mantle boundary and a maximum depth of 200 km and consists of a relatively uniform peridotite containing 73--80% olivine, 11--14% pyroxene, 4--8% plagioclase, 0.2--9% ilmenite and 1--1.5% chromite. (2) The source region consists of two or more density-graded rhythmic bands, whose compositions grade from that of the very low TiO/sub 2/ magma source regions (0.2% ilmenite) to that of the very high TiO/sub 2/ magma source regionsmore » (9% ilmenite). These density-graded bands are proposed to have formed as co-crystallizing olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, ilmenite, and chromite settled out of a convecting magma (which was also parental to the crust) in which these crystals were suspended. Since the settling rates of the different minerals were governed by Stoke's law, the heavier minerals settled out more rapidly and therefore earlier than the lighter minerals. Thus the crystal assemblages deposited nearest the descending side of each convection cell were enriched in heavy ilmenite and chromite with respect to lighter olivine and pyroxene and very much lighter plagioclase. The reverse being the case for those units deposited near the ascending sides of the convection cells.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780062749&hterms=chemistry+equilibrium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dchemistry%2Bequilibrium','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780062749&hterms=chemistry+equilibrium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dchemistry%2Bequilibrium"><span>Experimentally reproduced textures and mineral chemistries of high-titanium mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Usselman, T. M.; Lofgren, G. E.; Williams, R. J.; Donaldson, C. H.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>Many of the textures, morphologies, and mineral chemistries of the high-titanium mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have been experimentally duplicated using single-stage cooling histories. Lunar high-titanium mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are modeled in a 1 m thick gravitationally differentiating flow based on cooling rates, thermal models, and modal olivine contents. The low-pressure equilibrium phase relations of a synthetic high-titanium <span class="hlt">basalt</span> composition were investigated as a function of oxygen fugacity, and petrographic criteria are developed for the recognition of phenocrysts which were present in the liquid at the time of eruption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V41B3067P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.V41B3067P"><span>Probing the atomic structure of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts generated by partial melting of upper mantle peridotite (KLB-1): Insights from high-resolution solid-state NMR study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, S. Y.; Lee, S. K.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Probing the structural disorder in multi-component silicate glasses and melts with varying composition is essential to reveal the change of macroscopic properties in natural silicate melts. While a number of NMR studies for the structure of multi-component silicate glasses and melts including <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and andesitic glasses have been reported (e.g., Park and Lee, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2012, 80, 125; Park and Lee, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2014, 26, 42), many challenges still remain. The composition of multi-component <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts vary with temperature, pressure, and melt fraction (Kushiro, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 2001, 71, 107). Especially, the eutectic point (the composition of first melt) of nepheline-forsterite-quartz (the simplest model of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts) moves with pressure from silica-<span class="hlt">saturated</span> to highly undersaturated and alkaline melts. The composition of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts generated by partial melting of upper mantle peridotite (KLB-1, the xenolith from Kilbourne Hole) also vary with pressure. In this study we report experimental results for the effects of composition on the atomic structure of Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (NMAS) glasses in nepheline (NaAlSiO4)-forsterite (Mg2SiO4)-quartz (SiO2) eutectic composition and <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses generated by partial melting of upper mantle peridotite (KLB-1) using high-resolution multi-nuclear solid-state NMR. The Al-27 3QMAS (triple quantum magic angle spinning) NMR spectra of NMAS glasses in nepheline-forsterite-quartz eutectic composition show only [4]Al. The Al-27 3QMAS NMR spectra of KLB-1 <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses show mostly [4]Al and a non-negligible fraction of [5]Al. The fraction of [5]Al, the degree of configurational disorder, increases from 0 at XMgO [MgO/(MgO+Al2O3)]=0.55 to ~3% at XMgO=0.79 in KLB-1 <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses while only [4]Al are observed in nepheline-forsterite-quartz eutectic composition. The current experimental results provide that the fraction of [5]Al abruptly increases by the effect of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794996','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794996"><span>A method for measuring <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> toxicity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Livshits, Leonid; Gross, Einav</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Cysteine catabolism by gut microbiota produces high levels of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. Excessive <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> can interfere with colon function, and therefore may be involved in the etiology and risk of relapse of ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how cells/animals regulate the detoxification of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> generated by bacterial cysteine catabolism in the gut. Here we describe a simple and cost-effective way to explore the mechanism of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> toxicity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). •A rapid cost-effective method to quantify and study <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> tolerance in C. elegans and other free-living nematodes.•A cost effective method to measure the concentration of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in the inverted plate assay.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAESc..49..175Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAESc..49..175Z"><span>Source, evolution and emplacement of Permian Tarim <span class="hlt">Basalts</span>: Evidence from U-Pb dating, Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope systematics and whole rock geochemistry of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from the Keping area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, northwest China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Dayu; Zhou, Taofa; Yuan, Feng; Jowitt, Simon M.; Fan, Yu; Liu, Shuai</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Permian <span class="hlt">basalts</span> distribute at least 250,000 km2, and underlie the southwest Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, northwest China. This vast accumulation of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is the main part of the Tarim Large Igneous Province (LIP). The <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> units in the Lower Permian Kupukuziman and Kaipaizileike Formations in the Keping area, Tarim Basin; were the best exposure of the Permian <span class="hlt">basalt</span> sequence in the basin. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon from the basal <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> unit in the section gives an age of 291.9 ± 2.2 Ma (MSWD = 0.30, n = 17); this age, combined with previously published geochronological data, indicates that the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in the Tarim Basin were emplaced between 292 Ma and 272 Ma, with about 90% of the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> being emplaced between 292 and 287 Ma. <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> from the Keping area have high FeOT (10.8-18.6 wt.%), low Mg#s (0.26-0.60), and exhibit primitive mantle normalized patterns with positive Pb, P and Ti but negative Zr, Y and Ta anomalies. The <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from both formations have similar 206Pb/204Pb (18.192-18.934), 207Pb/204Pb (15.555-15.598) and 208Pb/204Pb (38.643-38.793) ratios. The <span class="hlt">basalts</span> also have high ɛSr(t) (45.7-62.1), low ɛNd(t) (-3.6 to -2.2) and low zircon ɛHf(t) (-4.84 to -0.65) values. These characteristics are typical of alkali <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and suggest that the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> within the Tarim Basin were derived from an OIB-type mantle source and interacted with enriched mantle (EMI-type) before emplacement. Rare earth element systematics indicate that the parental melts for the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were high-degree partial melts derived from garnet lherzolite mantle at the base of the lithosphere. Prior to emplacement, the Tarim Permian <span class="hlt">Basalts</span> (TPB) underwent fractional crystallization and assimilated crustal material; the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> were finally emplaced during crustal extension in an intra-plate setting. The wide distribution, deep source and high degree partial melting of the TPB was consistent with a mantle plume origin. The TPB and other coeval igneous</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17447546','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17447546"><span>Influence of dissolved organic matter on the complexation of mercury under <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miller, Carrie L; Mason, Robert P; Gilmour, Cynthia C; Heyes, Andrew</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>The complexation of Hg under <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> conditions influences its bioavailability for microbial methylation. Neutral dissolved Hg-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> complexes are readily available to Hg-methylating bacteria in culture, and thermodynamic models predict that inorganic Hg-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> complexes dominate dissolved Hg speciation under natural <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> conditions. However, these models have not been validated in the field. To examine the complexation of Hg in natural <span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> waters, octanol/water partitioning methods were modified for use under environmentally relevant conditions, and a centrifuge ultrafiltration technique was developed. These techniques demonstrated much lower concentrations of dissolved Hg-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> complexes than predicted. Furthermore, the study revealed an interaction between Hg, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> that is not captured by current thermodynamic models. Whereas Hg forms strong complexes with DOM under oxic conditions, these complexes had not been expected to form in the presence of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> because of the stronger affinity of Hg for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> relative to its affinity for DOM. The observed interaction between Hg and DOM in the presence of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> likely involves the formation of a DOM-Hg-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> complex or results from the hydrophobic partitioning of neutral Hg-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> complexes into the higher-molecular-weight DOM. An understanding of the mechanism of this interaction and determination of complexation coefficients for the Hg-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-DOM complex are needed to adequately assess how our new finding affects Hg bioavailability, sorption, and flux.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19680000271','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19680000271"><span>Preparation of silver-activated zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> thin films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Feldman, C.; Swindells, F. E.</p> <p>1968-01-01</p> <p>Silver improves luminescence and reduces contamination of zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phosphors. The silver is added after the zinc <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> phosphors are deposited in thin films by vapor evaporation, but before calcining, by immersion in a solution of silver salt.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170004976','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170004976"><span>Volatiles in High-K Lunar <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Barnes, Jessica J.; McCubbin, Francis M.; Messenger, Scott R.; Nguyen, Ann; Boyce, Jeremy</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Chlorine is an unusual isotopic system, being essentially unfractionated ((delta)Cl-37 approximately 0 per mille ) between bulk terrestrial samples and chondritic meteorites and yet showing large variations in lunar (approximately -4 to +81 per mille), martian, and vestan (HED) samples. Among lunar samples, the volatile-bearing mineral apatite (Ca5(PO4)3[F,Cl,OH]) has been studied for volatiles in K-, REE-, and P (KREEP), very high potassium (VHK), low-Ti and high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, as well as samples from the lunar highlands. These studies revealed a positive correlation between in-situ (delta)Cl-37 measurements and bulk incompatible trace elements (ITEs) and ratios. Such trends were interpreted to originate from Cl isotopic fractionation during the degassing of metal chlorides during or shortly after the differentiation of the Moon via a magma ocean. In this study, we investigate the volatile inventories of a group of samples for which new-era volatile data have yet to be reported - the high-K (greater than 2000 ppm bulk K2O), high-Ti, trace element-rich mare <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. We used isotope imaging on the Cameca NanoSIMS 50L at JSC to obtain the Cl isotopic composition [((Cl-37/(35)Clsample/C-37l/(35)Clstandard)-1)×1000, to get a value in per thousand (per mille)] which ranges from approximately -2.7 +/- 2 per mille to +16.1 +/- 2 per mille (2sigma), as well as volatile abundances (F & Cl) of apatite in samples 10017, 10024 & 10049. Simply following prior models, as lunar rocks with high bulk-rock abundances of ITEs we might expect the high-K, high-Ti <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to contain apatite characterized by heavily fractionated (delta)Cl-37 values, i.e., Cl obtained from mixing between unfractionated mantle Cl (approximately 0 per mille) and the urKREEP reservoir (possibly fractionated to greater than +25 per mille.). However, the data obtained for the studied samples do not conform to either the early degassing or mixing models. Existing petrogentic models for the origin of the high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMDI51A2348Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMDI51A2348Y"><span>Transition Element Abundances in MORB <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, S.; Humayun, M.; Salters, V. J.; Fields, D.; Jefferson, G.; Perfit, M. R.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The mineralogy of the mantle sources of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is an important, but hard to constrain parameter, especially with the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> as chemical probes of major element mantle composition. Geophysical models imply that the deep mantle may have significant variations in Fe and Si relative to the ambient mantle sampled by MORB. Some petrological models of sub-ridge melting involve both pyroxenite and peridotite, implying that <span class="hlt">basalts</span> preferentially sample a pyroxenite endmember. The First-Row Transition Elements (FRTE), Ga and Ge are compatible to moderately incompatible during partial melting, and are sensitive to mineralogical variability in the mantle and thus can provide constraints on mantle source mineralogy for MORB. We have analyzed major elements, FRTE, Ga and Ge on 231 <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses from the Middle Atlantic Ridge (MAR between -23°S to 36.44°N), 30 Mid-Cayman Rise <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> glasses, 12 glasses from the Siqueiros Fracture Zone (EPR), 9 glasses from the Blanco Trough, Juan de Fuca ridge, and Galapagos Spreading Centers (EPR), and 4 Indian Ocean MORB. Large spots (150 μm) were precisely (±1%) analyzed by a New Wave UP193FX excimer (193 nm) laser ablation system coupled to a high-resolution ICP-MS at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory using a high ablation rate (50 Hz) to yield blank contributions <1% for all elements, particularly Ge. The data demonstrate that the Ge/Si (6.96 x 10E-6 ± 3%, 1σ) and Fe/Mn (55 ± 2%) ratios for MORB are insensitive to fractional crystallization within the MgO range 6%-10%. MORB have Zn/Fe (9.9 x 10E-4 ± 7%), Ga/Sc (0.37-0.50), Ga/Al (2.2 x 10E-4 ± 11%) ratios, with the variations mostly due to the effects of fractional crystallization. Recent experimental determination of FRTE, Ga and Ge partition coefficients provide a framework within which to interpret these data [1]. Using these new partition coefficients, we have modeled the sensitivity of each element to mineralogical variations in the mantle source. Olivine</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MinDe..39..729B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MinDe..39..729B"><span>Komatiites and nickel <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> ores of the Black Swan area, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. 3: Komatiite geochemistry, and implications for ore forming processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barnes, Stephen J.; Hill, Robin E. T.; Evans, Noreen J.</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>The Black Swan komatiite sequence is a package of dominantly olivine-rich cumulates with lesser volumes of spinifex textured rocks, interpreted as a section through an extensive komatiite lava flow field. The sequence hosts a number of nickel <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> orebodies, including the Silver Swan massive shoot and the Cygnet and Black Swan disseminated orebodies. A large body of whole rock analyses on komatiitic rocks from the Black Swan area has been filtered for metasomatic effects. With the exception of mobile elements such as Ca and alkalis, most samples retain residual igneous geochemistry, and can be modelled predominantly by fractionation and accumulation of olivine. Whole rock MgO FeO relationships imply a relatively restricted range of olivine compositions, more primitive than the olivine which would have been in equilibrium with the transporting komatiite lavas, and together with textural data indicate that much of the cumulus olivine in the sequence was transported. Flow top compositions show evidence for chromite <span class="hlt">saturation</span>, but the cumulates are deficient in accumulated chromite. Chromite compositions are typical of those found in compound flow-facies komatiites, and are distinct from those in komatiitic dunite bodies. Incompatible trace element abundances show three superimposed influences: control by the relative proportion of olivine to liquid; a signature of crustal contamination and an overprint of metasomatic introduction of LREE, Zr and Th. This overprint is most evident in cumulates, and relatively insignificant in the spinifex rocks. Platinum and palladium behaved as incompatible elements and are negatively correlated with MgO. They show no evidence for wholesale depletion due to <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> extraction, which was evidently restricted to specific lava tubes or pathways. The lack of correspondence between PGE depletion and contamination by siliceous material implies that contamination alone is insufficient to generate S-<span class="hlt">saturation</span> and ore formation in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4207694','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4207694"><span>DISSOLUTION OF PLUTONIUM CONTAINING CARRIER PRECIPITATE BY CARBONATE METATHESIS AND SEPARATION OF <span class="hlt">SULFIDE</span> IMPURITIES THEREFROM BY <span class="hlt">SULFIDE</span> PRECIPITATION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Duffield, R.B.</p> <p>1959-07-14</p> <p>A process is described for recovering plutonium from foreign products wherein a carrier precipitate of lanthanum fluoride containing plutonium is obtained and includes the steps of dissolving the carrier precipitate in an alkali metal carbonate solution, adding a soluble <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, separating the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> precipitate, adding an alkali metal hydroxide, separating the resulting precipitate, washing, and dissolving in a strong acid.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940016279&hterms=elephants&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Delephants','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940016279&hterms=elephants&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Delephants"><span>Lunar <span class="hlt">basalt</span> meteorite EET 87521: Petrology of the clast population</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Semenova, A. S.; Nazarov, M. A.; Kononkova, N. N.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The Elephant Moraine meteorite EET 87521 was classified as a lunar mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> breccia which is composed mainly of VLT <span class="hlt">basalt</span> clasts. Here we report on our petrological study of lithic clasts and monomineralic fragments in the thin sections EET 87521,54 and EET 87521,47,1, which were prepared from the meteorite. The results of the study show that EET 87521 consists mainly of Al-rich ferrobasalt clasts and olivine pyroxenite clasts. The bulk composition of the meteorite can be well modelled by the mixing of these lithic components which appear to be differentiates of the Luna 25 <span class="hlt">basalt</span> melt. KREEP and Mg-rich gabbro components are minor constituents of EET 87521.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientimages/000307.htm','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientimages/000307.htm"><span><span class="hlt">Saturated</span> fat (image)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... <span class="hlt">saturated</span> fats. Vegetable sources of <span class="hlt">saturated</span> fat include coconut and palm oils. When looking at a food ... <span class="hlt">saturated</span> fats. Vegetable sources of <span class="hlt">saturated</span> fat include coconut and palm oils. When looking at a food ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JETP..121.1067D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JETP..121.1067D"><span>Optimization of the superconducting phase of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Degtyarenko, N. N.; Masur, E. A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The electron and phonon spectra, as well as the densities of electron and phonon states of the SH3 phase and the stable orthorhombic structure of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> SH2, are calculated for the pressure interval 100-225 GPa. It is found that the I4/ mmm phase can be responsible for the superconducting properties of metallic hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> along with the SH3 phase. Sequential stages for obtaining and conservation of the SH2 phase are proposed. The properties of two (SH2 and SH3) superconducting phases of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> are compared.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6304741','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6304741"><span>Hydrogen and sulfur recovery from hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> wastes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Harkness, J.B.L.; Gorski, A.J.; Daniels, E.J.</p> <p>1993-05-18</p> <p>A process is described for generating hydrogen and elemental sulfur from hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> waste in which the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is [dis]associated under plasma conditions and a portion of the hydrogen output is used in a catalytic reduction unit to convert sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> for recycle, the process also including the addition of an ionizing gas such as argon to initiate the plasma reaction at lower energy, a preheater for the input to the reactor and an internal adjustable choke in the reactor for enhanced coupling with the microwave energy input.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/868784','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/868784"><span>Hydrogen and sulfur recovery from hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> wastes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Harkness, John B. L.; Gorski, Anthony J.; Daniels, Edward J.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A process for generating hydrogen and elemental sulfur from hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> waste in which the hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is associated under plasma conditions and a portion of the hydrogen output is used in a catalytic reduction unit to convert sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> for recycle, the process also including the addition of an ionizing gas such as argon to initiate the plasma reaction at lower energy, a preheater for the input to the reactor and an internal adjustable choke in the reactor for enhanced coupling with the microwave energy input.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720004338','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720004338"><span>Integrated thin film cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> solar cell module</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mickelsen, R. A.; Abbott, D. D.</p> <p>1971-01-01</p> <p>The design, development, fabrication and tests of flexible integrated thin-film cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> solar cells and modules are discussed. The development of low cost and high production rate methods for interconnecting cells into large solar arrays is described. Chromium thin films were applied extensively in the deposited cell structures as a means to: (1) achieve high adherence between the cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> films and the vacuum-metallized copper substrates, (2) obtain an ohmic contact to the cadmium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> films, and (3) improve the adherence of gold films as grids or contact areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988STIN...8917801G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988STIN...8917801G"><span>Metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> for battery applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guidotti, Ronald A.</p> <p>1988-08-01</p> <p>A number of metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> can be used in batteries as a cathode (reducible) material as part of an electrochemical couple to provide energy. There are a number of physical and chemical characteristics that can be evaluated for screening potential candidates for use in batteries. These include: cell potential vs. Li, thermal and chemical stability, electrical conductivity, allotropic form (phase), reaction kinetics during discharge, type of discharge mechanism, and material rechargeability. These are reviewed in general, with emphasis on <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> of copper, iron, and molybdenum which are currently being used as cathodes in Li and Li-alloy batteries. The presence of impurities can adversely impact performance when naturally occurring <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals are used for battery applications. Sandia National Laboratories uses natural pyrite (FeS2) for its high-temperature, thermally activated Li(Si)/FeS2 batteries. The purification and processing procedures for the FeS2 involves both chemical and physical methods. Flotation was found to yield comparable results as HF leaching for removal of silica, but without the negative health and environmental concerns associated with this technique.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue4/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue4/report.pdf"><span>Chemical dissolution of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Chao, T.T.; Sanzolone, R.F.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Chemical dissolution treatments involving the use of aqua regia, 4 N HNO3, H2O2-ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, KClO3+HCl, and KClO3+HCl followed by 4 N HNO3 were applied to specimens of nine common <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals (galena, chalcopyrite, cinnabar, molybdenite, orpiment, pyrite, stibnite, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite) mixed individually with a clay loam soil. The resultant decrease in the total sulfur content of the mixture, as determined by using the Leco induction furnace, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of each chemical treatment. A combination of KClO3+HCl followed by 4 N HNO3 boiling gently for 20 min has been shown to be very effective in dissolving all the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals. This treatment is recommended to dissolve metals residing in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> minerals admixed with secondary weathering products, as one step in a fractionation scheme whereby metals in soluble and adsorbed forms, and those associated with organic materials and secondary oxides, are first removed by other chemical extractants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59..715A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011P%26SS...59..715A"><span>Automated identification of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> spectra in Clementine lunar data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Antonenko, I.; Osinski, G. R.</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>The identification of fresh <span class="hlt">basalt</span> spectra plays an important role in lunar stratigraphic studies; however, the process can be time consuming and labor intensive. Thus motivated, we developed an empirically derived algorithm for the automated identification of fresh <span class="hlt">basalt</span> spectra from Clememtine UVVIS data. This algorithm has the following four parameters and limits: BC Ratio=3(R950-R900)/(R900-R750)<1.1, CD Delta=(R1000-R950)/R750-1.09(R950-R900)/R750>0.003 and <0.06, B Slope=(R900-R750)/(3R750)<-0.012, and Band Depth=(R750-R950)/(R750-R415)>0.1, where R750 represents the unnormalized reflectance of the 750 nm Clementine band, and so on. Algorithm results were found to be accurate to within an error of 4.5% with respect to visual classification, though olivine spectra may be under-represented. Overall, fresh <span class="hlt">basalts</span> identified by the algorithm are consistent with expectations and previous work in the Mare Humorum area, though accuracy in other areas has not yet been tested. Great potential exists in using this algorithm for identifying craters that have excavated <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, estimating the thickness of mare and cryptomare deposits, and other applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017502','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017502"><span>Rare earth element contents and multiple mantle sources of the transform-related Mount Edgecumbe <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, southeastern Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Riehle, J.R.; Budahn, J.R.; Lanphere, M.A.; Brew, D.A.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Pleistocene <span class="hlt">basalt</span> of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field (MEF) is subdivided into a plagioclase type and an olivine type. Th/La ratios of plagioclase <span class="hlt">basalt</span> are similar to those of mid-ocean-ridge <span class="hlt">basalt</span> (MORB), whereas those of olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> are of continental affinity. Rare earth element (REE) contents of the olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, which resemble those of transitional MORB, are modelled by 10-15% partial melting of fertile spinel-plagioclase lherzolite followed by removal of 8-13% olivine. It is concluded that olivine <span class="hlt">basalt</span> originated in subcontinental spinel lherzolite and that plagioclase <span class="hlt">basalt</span> may have originated in suboceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate. -from Authors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810041815&hterms=ants&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dants','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810041815&hterms=ants&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dants"><span>Genesis of highland <span class="hlt">basalt</span> breccias - A view from 66095</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Garrison, J. R., Jr.; Taylor, L. A.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Electron microprobe and defocused beam analyses of the lunar highland breccia sample 66095 show it consists of a fine-grained subophitic matrix containing a variety of mineral and lithic clasts, such as intergranular and cataclastic ANT, shocked and unshocked plagioclase, and <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Consideration of the chemistries of both matrix and clasts provides a basis for a qualitative three-component mixing model consisting of an ANT plutonic complex, a Fra Mauro <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and minor meteoric material.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4813871','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4813871"><span>Metal <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> as Sensing Materials for Chemoresistive Gas Sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gaiardo, Andrea; Fabbri, Barbara; Guidi, Vincenzo; Bellutti, Pierluigi; Giberti, Alessio; Gherardi, Sandro; Vanzetti, Lia; Malagù, Cesare; Zonta, Giulia</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This work aims at a broad overview of the results obtained with metal-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> materials in the field of chemoresistive gas sensing. Indeed, despite the well-known electrical, optical, structural and morphological features previously described in the literature, metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> present lack of investigation for gas sensing applications, a field in which the metal oxides still maintain a leading role owing to their high sensitivity, low cost, small dimensions and simple integration, in spite of the wide assortment of sensing materials. However, despite their great advantages, metal oxides have shown significant drawbacks, which have led to the search for new materials for gas sensing devices. In this work, Cadmium <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> and Tin (IV) <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> were investigated as functional materials for thick-film chemoresistive gas-sensors fabrication and they were tested both in thermo- and in photo-activation modes. Furthermore, electrical characterization was carried out in order to verify their gas sensing properties and material stability, by comparing the results obtained with metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> to those obtained by using their metal-oxides counterparts. The results highlighted the possibility to use metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> as a novel class of sensing materials, owing to their selectivity to specific compounds, stability, and the possibility to operate at room temperature. PMID:26927120</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900046410&hterms=small+data+lindstrom&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dsmall%2Bdata%2Blindstrom','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900046410&hterms=small+data+lindstrom&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dsmall%2Bdata%2Blindstrom"><span>Chemical differences between small subsamples of Apollo 15 olivine-normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shervais, J. W.; Vetter, S. K.; Lindstrom, M. M.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Results are presented on the chemical and petrological characterization of nine samples of an Apollo 15 mare <span class="hlt">basalt</span> suite. The results show that all nine samples are low-silica olivine normative <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (ONBs) similar to those described earlier for low-silica ONBs from Apollo 15 site. The samples were found to vary in texture and grain size, from fine-grained intergranular or subophitic <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to coarse-grained granular 'microgabbros'. Several displayed macroscopic heterogeneity. Variation diagrams show that the overall trend of the data is consistent with the fractionation of olivine (plus minor Cr-spinel) from a high-MgO parent magma.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002GeCoA..66.2167O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002GeCoA..66.2167O"><span>Interpretation of trace element and isotope features of <span class="hlt">basalts</span>: relevance of field relations, petrology, major element data, phase equilibria, and magma chamber modeling in <span class="hlt">basalt</span> petrogenesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>O'Hara, M. J.; Herzberg, C.</p> <p>2002-06-01</p> <p>The concentrations and ratios of the major elements determine the physical properties and the phase equilibria behavior of peridotites and <span class="hlt">basalts</span> in response to the changing energy contents of the systems. The behavior of the trace elements and isotopic features are influenced in their turn by the phase equilibria, by the physical character of the partial melting and partial crystallization processes, and by the way in which a magma interacts with its wall rocks. Concentrating on the trace element and isotope contents of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to the exclusion of the field relations, petrology, major element data, and phase equilibria is as improvident as slaughtering the buffalo for the sake of its tongue. The crust is a cool boundary layer and a density filter, which impedes the upward transfer of hot, dense "primary" picritic and komatiitic liquids. Planetary crusts are sites of large-scale contamination and extensive partial crystallization of primitive melts striving to escape to the surface. Escape of truly unmodified primitive melts to the surface is a rare event, requiring the resolution of daunting problems in chemical and mechanical engineering. Primary status for volumetrically abundant <span class="hlt">basalts</span> such as mid-ocean ridge <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, ocean island <span class="hlt">basalt</span>, and continental flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is denied by their low-pressure cotectic character, first remarked upon on petrological grounds in 1928 and on experimental grounds in 1962. These <span class="hlt">basalt</span> liquids are products of crystal-liquid separation at low pressure. Primary status for these common <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is further denied by the phase equilibria of such compositions at elevated pressures, when the required residual mantle mineralogy (magnesian olivine and orthopyroxene) is not stable at the liquidus. It is also denied by the picritic or komatiitic nature of partial melts of candidate upper-mantle compositions at high pressures - a conclusion supported by calculation of the melt composition, which would need to be extracted in order to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70042956','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70042956"><span>Carbon sequestration via reaction with <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> rocks: geochemical modeling and experimental results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Thomas, Burt; Bischoff, James L.; Palandri, James</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> rocks are potential repositories for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) because of their capacity for trapping CO2 in carbonate minerals. We carried out a series of thermodynamic equilibrium models and high pressure experiments, reacting <span class="hlt">basalt</span> with CO2-charged fluids over a range of conditions from 50 to 200 °C at 300 bar. Results indicate <span class="hlt">basalt</span> has a high reactivity to CO2 acidified brine. Carbon dioxide is taken up from solution at all temperatures from 50 to 200 °C, 300 bar, but the maximum extent and rate of reaction occurs at 100 °C, 300 bar. Reaction path simulations utilizing the geochemical modeling program CHILLER predicted an equilibrium carbonate alteration assemblage of calcite, magnesite, and siderite, but the only secondary carbonate identified in the experiments was a ferroan magnesite. The amount of uptake at 100 °C, 300 bar ranged from 8% by weight for a typical tholeite to 26% for a picrite. The actual amount of CO2 uptake and extent of rock alteration coincides directly with the magnesium content of the rock suggesting that overall reaction extent is controlled by bulk <span class="hlt">basalt</span> Mg content. In terms of sequestering CO2, an average <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> MgO content of 8% is equivalent to 2.6 × 108 metric ton CO2/km3 <span class="hlt">basalt</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..128a2154X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..128a2154X"><span><span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Fiber for Volcanic Slag Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Research on the Impact of Performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xiao, Li-guang; Li, Gen-zhuang</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In order to study the effect of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber on the mechanical properties and durability of volcanic slag lightweight aggregate concrete, the experimental study on the flexural strength, compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance of volcanic slag concrete with different <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber content were carried out, the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber was surface treated with NaOH and water glass, the results show that the surface treatment of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber can significantly improve the mechanical properties, durability and other properties of volcanic slag lightweight aggregate concrete.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.216..153C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.216..153C"><span>Solubility of platinum-arsenide melt and sperrylite in synthetic <span class="hlt">basalt</span> at 0.1 MPa and 1200 °C with implications for arsenic speciation and platinum sequestration in mafic igneous systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Canali, A. C.; Brenan, J. M.; Sullivan, N. A.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>) determination on run-product glasses. Levels of arsenic required for Pt-arsenide <span class="hlt">saturation</span> are 50-500 ppm over the fO2 range of most terrestrial <span class="hlt">basalts</span> (FMQ to FMQ-2), >100× higher than the arsenic concentrations typical of such magmas, indicating significant enrichment of arsenic is required if Pt-arsenide <span class="hlt">saturation</span> is to occur. In contrast, the level of dissolved Pt required to <span class="hlt">saturate</span> in sperrylite is >8× lower than for pure Pt, suggesting that arsenic enrichment could lead to Pt removal at concentrations much less than required for pure metal <span class="hlt">saturation</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009858','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009858"><span>Diverse Metals and <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> in Polymict Ureilites EET 83309 and EET 87720</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Herrin, J. S.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Downes, H.; Humayun, M.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Ureilites are a group of carbon-bearing ultramafic achondrites. The majority of samples are monomict with major and trace element compositions consistent with a restitic origin after extensive loss of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> melts and significant loss of their metallic component during anatexis. Monomict ureilites are thought to represent largely intact samples of the ureilite parent body (UPB) mantle. Polymict ureilites, by contrast, are fragmental breccias consisting of welded lithic clasts and isolated mineral fragments thought to be regolith that assembled after major disruption fragmented large portions of the UPB mantle. In most polymict ureilites, the majority of clasts consist of material similar to monomict ureilites gardened from the UPB mantle but other materials, both endogenic and xenogenic to the UPB are also found in polymict ureilites, including clasts texturally and compositionally similar to known chondrite types as well as feldspathic melt rocks and clasts of Ca-Al-Ti-rich assemblages. In this study, we demonstrate that polymict ureilites also contain a variety of metal and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> compositions of diverse origins. They offer insight into the final equilibrium conditions of disrupted portions of the UPB mantle and the diversity of materials locally available for regolith formation, and provide evidence for only limited post-regolith formation thermal metamorphism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApSS..329..315W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApSS..329..315W"><span>Study on the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> behavior of smithsonite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Dandan; Wen, Shuming; Deng, Jiushuai; Liu, Jian; Mao, Yingbo</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Zinc extraction from low-grade mineral resources of oxidized zinc has recently become a focus of study. <span class="hlt">Sulfidation</span> is an important process in oxidized ore flotation. In this study, the influence of sulfur ion adsorption on smithsonite surface was investigated with the use of zeta potential, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies. Zeta potential measurements of sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> showed that sulfur ions were adsorbed onto the surface of pure smithsonite, as evidenced by the increased negative charge and the decrease in the pHIEP of smithsonite from 7.7 to 6 after sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> treatment. The ICP test revealed the gradual reduction in sulfur ion adsorption onto the surface of smithsonite in pulp sulfur. After 30 min of absorption, CS in the solution declined from 1000 × 10-6 mol/L to 1.4 × 10-6 mol/L. SEM results showed that the mineral surface was partially changed to ZnS film after sodium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> treatment, whereas EDS analysis results showed that 2% S is contained on the smithsonite surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated the presence of a characteristic signal peak of sulfur ions after <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span>. Sulfur concentration increased to 11.89%, whereas oxygen concentration decreased from 42.31% to 13.74%. Sulfur ions were not only present during chemical adsorption, but were also incorporated into the crystal lattices of minerals by the exchange reaction between S2- and CO32- ions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551199','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551199"><span>Nanoparticulate mineral matter from <span class="hlt">basalt</span> dust wastes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dalmora, Adilson C; Ramos, Claudete G; Querol, Xavier; Kautzmann, Rubens M; Oliveira, Marcos L S; Taffarel, Silvio R; Moreno, Teresa; Silva, Luis F O</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Ultra-fine and nano-particles derived from <span class="hlt">basalt</span> dust wastes (BDW) during "stonemeal" soil fertilizer application have been the subject of some concern recently around the world for their possible adverse effects on human health and environmental pollution. Samples of BDW utilized were obtained from companies in the mining district of Nova Prata in southern Brazil for chemical characterization and nano-mineralogy investigation, using an integrated application of advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), High Resolution-Transmission Electron microscopy (HR-TEM)/(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) EDS/(selected-area diffraction pattern) SAED, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM)/EDS and granulometric distribution analysis. The investigation has revealed that BDW materials are dominated by SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, with a complex micromineralogy including alkali feldspar, augite, barite, labradorite, hematite, heulandrite, gypsum, kaolinite, quartz, and smectite. In addition we have identified a number of trace metals such as Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn that are preferentially concentrated into the finer, inhalable, dust fraction and could so present a health hazard in the urban areas around the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> mining zone. The implication of this observation is that use of these nanometric-sized particulates as soil fertilizer may present different health challenges to those of conventional fertilizers, inviting future work regarding the relative toxicities of these materials. Our investigation on the particle size distribution, nano-particle mineralogy and chemical composition in typical BDW samples highlights the need to develop cleaning procedures to minimise exposure to these natural fertilizing <span class="hlt">basalt</span> dust wastes and is thus of direct relevance to both the industrial sector of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> mining and to agriculture in the region. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18576125','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18576125"><span>A preliminary cost analysis of the biotreatment of refinery spent-<span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> caustic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sublette, K L</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Caustics are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> from various hydrocarbon streams. Spent-<span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> caustics from three refineries have been successfully biotreated on the bench and pilot scale, resulting in neutralization and removal of active <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span>. <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> were completely oxidized to sulfate by Thiobacillus denitrificans strain F. Microbial oxidation of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> produced acid, which at least partially neutralized the caustic. A commercial-scale treatment system has been designed that features a bioreactor with a suspended culture of flocculated T. denitrificans, a settler and acid and nutrient storage and delivery systems. A cost analysis has been performed for nine cases representing a range of spent caustic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and hydroxide concentrations at a base treatment rate of 10 gpm. This analysis shows that refinery spent-<span class="hlt">sulfidic</span> caustic can be biotreated for 4-8.3 cent/gal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015336','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015336"><span>Age distribution of Serra Geral (Paraná) flood <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, southern Brazil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Fodor, R.V.; McKee, E.H.; Roisenberg, A.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>We evaluated 193 K-Ar ages (10 newly determined) of <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and differentiated rocks of the Serra Geral (Paraná) flood-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> province for indications of magmatism occurring systematically with progressive rifting and complete separation ( ≈130-105 Ma) of South America from Africa. The K-Ar ages represent <span class="hlt">basalt</span> emplacement between 35° and 19°S covering about 1,200,000 km2. We note that volcanism appears ubiquitous across the province between about 140 and 115 Ma, and that there are no significant age differences within that relate directly to progressive south-to-north tectonism. On the other hand, the oldest samples, about 140–160 Ma, are among those nearest the Brazil coastline (rift margin), perhaps suggesting migration of activity away from the rift with time. Studies of other flood-<span class="hlt">basalt</span> provinces now indicate short (<3 m.y.) eruption periods, thereby pointing to the need for re-examination of Serra Geral ages by 40Ar-39Ar incremental heating techniques.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080040732','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080040732"><span>Spitzer IRS Spectra of <span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> Asteroids: Preliminary Results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lim, Lucy F.; Emery, Joshua P.; Moskovitz, Nick; Stewart, Heather; Marchis, Frank</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>We present preliminary results of a Spitzer program to observe the 5.2--38 micron spectra of small <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> asteroids using the Spitzer IRS (Infrared Spectrograph). Our targets include members of the dynamical family of the unique large differentiated asteroid 4 Vesta ("Vestoids"), four outer-main-belt <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> asteroids whose orbits exclude them from originating on 4 Vesta, and the <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 4055 Magellan. We will compare the compositions and thermophysical properties of the non-Vestoid objects with those of the dynamical vestoids to provide insight on the extent of metal-silicate differentiation on planetsimals during the epoch of planet formation in the early Solar System. As of this writing, spectra of asteroids 10537 (1991 RY16) and 2763 Jeans have been returned. Analysis of these data are ongolng. Observations of 956 Elisa, 2653 Principia, 4215 Kamo, 7472 Kumakiri, and 1459 Magnya have been scheduled and are expected to be available by the time of the DPS meeting. NIR spectra and lightcurves o f the target asteroids are also being observed in support of this program.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B41C1967H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B41C1967H"><span>Carbon uptake in granular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is mitigated by added organic carbon.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Howard, E. L.; Van Haren, J. L. M.; Dontsova, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Soils represent a large, and potentially long-term, storage component of the global carbon budget. Accurate projections of the response of soil respiration -the release of CO2 from soils generated either through root respiration or microbial respiration- to rainfall events remains one of the largest uncertainties in global carbon cycling models. Similarly poorly represented in models is the uptake of CO2 by <span class="hlt">basalt</span> soils. In an attempt to address these unknowns, we have investigated how the addition of carbon influences the negative CO2 flux observed after wetting <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. At Biosphere 2 we have constructed a large scale environmentally controlled experiment known as the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO). The objective of LEO is to observe the interactions between water, microbes, and climate in the formation of soil and landscapes utilizing granular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as a young soil. Previous studies show that water addition to the LEO soil leads to considerable CO2 uptake and that the addition of plants does not alter this response. In this study, we conducted soil incubations to investigate the effect of varying soil carbon content on CO2 fluxes. During incubations we measured CO2 emissions from two types of soil (granular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and sand soil) mixed with seven (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100%) different proportions of Kalso prairie. The carbon content varied from nearly zero in the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> to 6.5% in the Kalso Prarie soil. Other parameters that influence soil CO2 fluxes such as pH were taken into account. In conclusion, our experiments confirm that unweathered <span class="hlt">basalt</span> will consume CO2 when wetted, whereas added carbon will cause a strong pulse of CO2 following water addition. This supports our hypotheses that the carbon content is a large contributor and that maturation of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> flows will lead to a shift in the carbon dynamics from inorganic to organic dominated. Likewise, these transitions would be expected to be present during soil formation after primary succession and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MMTB...48.2922S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MMTB...48.2922S"><span>Experimentally Determined Phase Diagram for the Barium <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span>-Copper(I) <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> System Above 873 K (600 °C)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stinn, Caspar; Nose, Katsuhiro; Okabe, Toru; Allanore, Antoine</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The phase diagram of the barium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-copper(I) <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> system was investigated above 873 K (600 °C) using a custom-built differential thermal analysis (DTA) apparatus. The melting point of barium <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was determined utilizing a floating zone furnace. Four new compounds, Ba2Cu14S9, Ba2Cu2S3, Ba5Cu4S7, and Ba9Cu2S10, were identified through quench experiments analyzed with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). A miscibility gap was observed between 72 and 92 mol pct BaS using both DTA experiments and in situ melts observation in a floating zone furnace. A monotectic was observed at 94.5 mol pct BaS and 1288 K (1015 °C).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856214','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856214"><span>Discovery of a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> asteroid in the outer main belt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lazzaro; Michtchenko; Carvano; Binzel; Bus; Burbine; Mothe-Diniz; Florczak; Angeli; Harris</p> <p>2000-06-16</p> <p>Visible and near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the asteroid 1459 Magnya indicate that it has a <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> surface. Magnya is at 3. 15 astronomical units (AU) from the sun and has no known dynamical link to any family, to any nearby large asteroid, or to asteroid 4 Vesta at 2.36 AU, which is the only other known large <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> asteroid. We show that the region of the belt around Magnya is densely filled by mean-motion resonances, generating slow orbital diffusion processes and providing a potential mechanism for removing other <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> fragments that may have been created on the same parent body as Magnya. Magnya may represent a rare surviving fragment from a larger, differentiated planetesimal that was disrupted long ago.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol32-sec721-5075.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol32-sec721-5075.pdf"><span>40 CFR 721.5075 - Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>... Substances § 721.5075 Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance generically identified as mixed methyltin mercaptoester...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol32-sec721-5075.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol32-sec721-5075.pdf"><span>40 CFR 721.5075 - Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>... Substances § 721.5075 Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance generically identified as mixed methyltin mercaptoester...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol30/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol30-sec721-5075.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol30/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol30-sec721-5075.pdf"><span>40 CFR 721.5075 - Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>... Substances § 721.5075 Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance generically identified as mixed methyltin mercaptoester...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol31/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol31-sec721-5075.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol31/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol31-sec721-5075.pdf"><span>40 CFR 721.5075 - Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>... Substances § 721.5075 Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance generically identified as mixed methyltin mercaptoester...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol31/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol31-sec721-5075.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol31/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol31-sec721-5075.pdf"><span>40 CFR 721.5075 - Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>... Substances § 721.5075 Mixed methyltin mercaptoester <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance generically identified as mixed methyltin mercaptoester...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22252421','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22252421"><span>Optimization of biological <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> removal in a CSTR bioreactor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Roosta, Aliakbar; Jahanmiri, Abdolhossein; Mowla, Dariush; Niazi, Ali; Sotoodeh, Hamidreza</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>In this study, biological <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> removal from natural gas in a continuous bioreactor is investigated for estimation of the optimal operational parameters. According to the carried out reactions, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> can be converted to elemental sulfur, sulfate, thiosulfate, and polysulfide, of which elemental sulfur is the desired product. A mathematical model is developed and was used for investigation of the effect of various parameters on elemental sulfur selectivity. The results of the simulation show that elemental sulfur selectivity is a function of dissolved oxygen, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> load, pH, and concentration of bacteria. Optimal parameter values are calculated for maximum elemental sulfur selectivity by using genetic algorithm as an adaptive heuristic search. In the optimal conditions, 87.76% of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> loaded to the bioreactor is converted to elemental sulfur.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023439','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023439"><span>Mineralogy of the last lunar <span class="hlt">basalts</span>: Results from Clementine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Staid, M.I.; Pieters, C.M.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The last major phase of lunar volcanism produced extensive high-titanium mare deposits on the western nearside which remain unsampled by landing missions. The visible and near-infrared reflectance properties of these <span class="hlt">basalts</span> are examined using Clementine multispectral images to better constrain their mineralogy. A much stronger 1 ??m ferrous absorption was observed for the western high-titanium <span class="hlt">basalts</span> than within earlier maria, suggesting that these last major mare eruptions also may have been the most iron-rich. These western <span class="hlt">basalts</span> also have a distinctly long-wavelength, 1 ??m ferrous absorption which was found to be similar for both surface soils and materials excavated from depth, supporting the interpretation of abundant olivine within these deposits. Spectral variation along flows within the Imbrium basin also suggests variations in ilmenite content along previously mapped lava flows as well as increasing olivine content within subsequent eruptions. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840047258&hterms=thermoelectric+properties&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dthermoelectric%2Bproperties','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840047258&hterms=thermoelectric+properties&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dthermoelectric%2Bproperties"><span>Thermoelectric properties of non-stoichiometric lanthanum <span class="hlt">sulfides</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shapiro, E.; Danielson, L. R.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>The lanthanum <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> are promising candidate materials for high-efficiency thermoelectric applications at temperatures up to 1300 C. The non-stoichiometric lanthanum <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (LaS(x), where x is in the range 1.33-1.50) appear to possess the most favorable thermoelectric properties. The Seebeck coefficient and resistivity vary significantly with composition, so that an optimum value of alpha sq/rho (where alpha is the Seebeck coefficient and rho is the resistivity) can be chosen. The thermal conductivity remains approximately constant with stoichiometry, so a material with an optimum value of alpha sq/rho should possess the optimum figure-of-merit. Data for the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of non-stoichiometric lanthanum <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> will be pressed, together with structural properties of these materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/270494','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/270494"><span>Monitoring <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> and sulfate-reducing bacteria</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tanner, R.S.</p> <p>1995-12-31</p> <p>Simple yet precise and accurate methods for monitoring sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> remain useful for the study of bacterial souring and corrosion. Test kits are available to measure <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in field samples. A more precise methylene blue <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> assay for both field and laboratory studies is described here. Improved media, compared to that in API RP-38, for enumeration of SRB have been formulated. One of these, API-RST, contained cysteine (1.1 mM) as a reducing agent, which may be a confounding source of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. While cysteine was required for rapid enumeration of SRB from environmental samples, the concentration of cysteinemore » in medium could be reduced to 0.4 mM. It was also determined that elevated levels of yeast extract (>1 g/liter) could interfere with enumeration of SRB from environmental samples. The API-RST medium was modified to a RST-11 medium. Other changes in medium composition, in addition to reduction of cysteine, included reduction of the concentration of phosphate from 3.4 mM to 2.2 mM, reduction of the concentration of ferrous iron from 0.8 mM to 0.5 mM and preparation of a stock mineral solution to ease medium preparation. SRB from environmental samples could be enumerated in a week in this medium.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.5660L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.5660L"><span>Mechanical behavior and localized failure modes in a porous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> from the Azores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Loaiza, S.; Fortin, J.; Schubnel, A.; Guéguen, Y.; Moreira, M.; Vinciguerra, S.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Basaltic</span> rocks are the main component of the oceanic upper crust. This is of potential interest for water and geothermal resources, or for storage of CO2. The aim of our work is to investigate experimentally the mechanical behavior and the failure modes of porous <span class="hlt">basalt</span> as well as the permeability evolution during deformation. Cylindrical <span class="hlt">basalt</span> samples, from the Azores, of 30 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length were deformed the triaxial cell of the Laboratoire de Geologie at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris) at room temperature and at a constant axial strain rate of 10-5 s-1. The initial porosity of the sample was 18%. The Geodesign triaxial cell can reach 300MPa confining pressure; axial load is performed through a piston and can reach 900 MPa (for a 30mm diameter sample); maximum pore pressure is 100MPa (applied using two precision volumetric pumps). In our study, a set of experiments were performed at confining pressure in the range of 25-290 MPa. The samples were deformed under <span class="hlt">saturated</span> conditions at a constant pore pressure of 5MPa. Two volumetric pumps kept the pore pressure constant, and the pore volume variations were recorded. The evolution of the porosity was calculated from the total volume variation inside the volumetric pumps. Permeability measurements were performed using the steady-state technique. Our result shows that two modes of deformation can be highlighted in this <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. At low confining pressure (Pc < 50 MPa), the differential stress attains a peak before the sample undergoes strain softening; the failure of sample occurs by shear localization. Yet, the brittle regime is commonly observed in this low Pc range, the experiments performed at confining pressure higher than 50 MPa, show a totally different mode of deformation. In this second mode of deformation, an appreciable inelastic porosity reduction is observed. Comparing to the hydrostatic loading, the rock sample started to compact beyond a critical stress state; and from then</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/264565','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/264565"><span>Transition-metal doped <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, selenide, and telluride laser crystal and lasers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Krupke, W.F.; Page, R.H.; DeLoach, L.D.; Payne, S.A.</p> <p>1996-07-30</p> <p>A new class of solid state laser crystals and lasers are formed of transition metal doped <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, selenide, and telluride host crystals which have four fold coordinated substitutional sites. The host crystals include II-VI compounds. The host crystal is doped with a transition metal laser ion, e.g., chromium, cobalt or iron. In particular, Cr{sup 2+}-doped ZnS and ZnSe generate laser action near 2.3 {micro}m. Oxide, chloride, fluoride, bromide and iodide crystals with similar structures can also be used. Important aspects of these laser materials are the tetrahedral site symmetry of the host crystal, low excited state absorption losses and high luminescence efficiency, and the d{sup 4} and d{sup 6} electronic configurations of the transition metal ions. The same materials are also useful as <span class="hlt">saturable</span> absorbers for passive Q-switching applications. The laser materials can be used as gain media in amplifiers and oscillators; these gain media can be incorporated into waveguides and semiconductor lasers. 18 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870540','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870540"><span>Transition-metal doped <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, selenide, and telluride laser crystal and lasers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Krupke, William F.; Page, Ralph H.; DeLoach, Laura D.; Payne, Stephen A.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>A new class of solid state laser crystals and lasers are formed of transition metal doped <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, selenide, and telluride host crystals which have four fold coordinated substitutional sites. The host crystals include II-VI compounds. The host crystal is doped with a transition metal laser ion, e.g., chromium, cobalt or iron. In particular, Cr.sup.2+ -doped ZnS and ZnSe generate laser action near 2.3 .mu.m. Oxide, chloride, fluoride, bromide and iodide crystals with similar structures can also be used. Important aspects of these laser materials are the tetrahedral site symmetry of the host crystal, low excited state absorption losses and high luminescence efficiency, and the d.sup.4 and d.sup.6 electronic configurations of the transition metal ions. The same materials are also useful as <span class="hlt">saturable</span> absorbers for passive Q-switching applications. The laser materials can be used as gain media in amplifiers and oscillators; these gain media can be incorporated into waveguides and semiconductor lasers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4798232','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4798232"><span>Measurement of plasma hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in vivo and in vitro</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shen, Xinggui; Pattillo, Christopher B.; Pardue, Sibile; Bir, Shyamal C.; Wang, Rui; Kevil, Christopher G.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The gasotransmitter hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is known to regulate multiple cellular functions during normal and pathophysiological states. However, a paucity of concise information exists regarding quantitative amounts of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> involved in physiological and pathological responses. This is primarily due to disagreement among various methods employed to measure free hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. In this article, we describe a very sensitive method of measuring the presence of H2S in plasma down to nanomolar levels, using monobromobimane (MBB). The current standard assay using methylene blue provides erroneous results that do not actually measure H2S. The method presented herein involves derivatization of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with excess MBB in 100 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 9.5, 0.1 mM DTPA) for 30 min in 1% oxygen at room temperature. The fluorescent product <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dibimane (SDB) is analyzed by RP-HPLC using an eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6×250 mm) column with gradient elution by 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. The limit of detection for <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-dibimane is 2 nM and the SDB product is very stable over time, allowing batch storage and analysis. In summary, our MBB method is suitable for sensitive quantitative measurement of free hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> in multiple biological samples such as plasma, tissue and cell culture lysates, or media. PMID:21276849</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V53C2862E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.V53C2862E"><span>Petrological and Geochemical characterization of central Chihuahua <span class="hlt">basalts</span>: a possible local sign of rifting activity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Espejel-Garcia, V. V.; Garcia-Rascon, M.; Villalobos-Aragon, A.; Morton-Bermea, O.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The central part of the mexican state, Chihuahua, is the oriental border of the Sierra Madre Occidental (silicic large igneous province), which consist of series of ignimbrites divided into two volcanic groups of andesites and rhyolites. In the central region of Chihuahua, the volcanic rocks are now part of the Basin and Range, allowing the presence of mafic rocks in the lower areas. The study area is located approximately 200 km to the NW of Chihuahua city near to La Guajolota town, in the Namiquipa County. There are at least 5 outcrops of <span class="hlt">basalts</span> to the west of the road, named Puerto de Lopez, Malpaises, El Tascate, Quebrada Honda, and Carrizalio, respectively. These outcrops have only been previously described by the Mexican Geologic Survey (SGM) as thin <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> flows, with vesicles filled with quartz, and phenocrystals of labradorite, andesine, oligoclase and olivine. Petrologically, the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> present different textures, from small phenocrysts of plagioclase in a very fine matrix to large, zoned and sometimes broken phenocrysts of plagioclase in a coarser matrix. All samples have olivine in an advanced state of alteration, iddingsite. The geochemical analyses report that these <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> flows contain characteristics of rift <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. The rocks have a normative olivine values from 5.78 to 27.26 and nepheline values from 0 to 2.34. In the TAS diagram the samples straddle the join between <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and trachy-<span class="hlt">basalt</span>, reflecting a high K2O content. The Mg# average is 0.297, a value that suggests that the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> do not come from a primitive magma. The <span class="hlt">basalts</span> have high values of Ba (945-1334 ppm), Cu (54-147 ppm), and Zn (123-615 ppm). The contents of Rb (23-57 ppm), Sr (659-810 ppm), Y (26-33 ppm), Zr (148-217 ppm) and Cr (79-98 ppm) are characteristics of rift <span class="hlt">basalts</span>. Using discrimination diagrams, the <span class="hlt">basalts</span> plot in the field of within plate, supporting the rifting origin. Outcrops of other <span class="hlt">basalts</span>, at about 80 to 100 km to the east of the study area, Lomas El</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969240','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969240"><span>WS₂ as a <span class="hlt">saturable</span> absorber for ultrafast photonic applications of mode-locked and Q-switched lasers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Kan; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Wang, Jun; Li, Xing; Chen, Jianping</p> <p>2015-05-04</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, especially the transition metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> semiconductors, have drawn great interests due to their potential applications in viable photonic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) based <span class="hlt">saturable</span> absorber (SA) for ultrafast photonic applications was demonstrated. WS2 nanosheets were prepared using liquid-phase exfoliation method and embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin film for the practical usage. <span class="hlt">Saturable</span> absorption was discovered in the WS2-PVA SA at the telecommunication wavelength near 1550 nm. By incorporating WS2-PVA SA into a fiber laser cavity, both stable mode locking operation and Q-switching operation were achieved. In the mode locking operation, the laser obtained femtosecond output pulse width and high spectral purity in the radio frequency spectrum. In the Q-switching operation, the laser had tunable repetition rate and output pulse energy of a few tens of nano joule. Our findings suggest that few-layer WS2 nanosheets embedded in PVA thin film are promising nonlinear optical materials for ultrafast photonic applications as a mode locker or Q-switcher.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080009752','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080009752"><span>Crystallinity of Fe-Ni <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span> in Carbonaceous Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zolensky, Michael E.; Ohsumi, Kazumasa; Mikouchi, Takashi; Hagiya, Kenji; Le, Loan</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The main long-term goal of this research is to understand the physical conditions in the early solar nebula through the detailed characterization of a key class of mineral present in all primitive materials: Fe-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> [1&2]. Fe-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> can take dozens of structures, depending on the temperature of formation, as well as other physico-chemical factors which are imperfectly understood. Add to this the additional varying factor of Ni content, and we have a potentially sensitive cosmothermometer [3]. Unfortunately, this tool requires exact knowledge of the crystal structure of each grain being considered, and there have been few (none?) studies of the detailed structures of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in chondritic materials. We report here on coordinated compositional and crystallographic investigation of Fe-Ni <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in diverse carbonaceous chondrites, initially Acfer 094 (the most primitive CM2 [4]) Tagish Lake (a unique type C2 [5]), a C1 lithology in Kaidun [6], Bali (oxidized CV3 [7]), and Efremovka (reduced CV3 [7]).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..254b2004J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..254b2004J"><span>Flame-resistant pure and hybrid woven fabrics from <span class="hlt">basalt</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jamshaid, H.; Mishra, R.; Militky, J.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>This work has been formulated to investigate the burning behavior of different type of fabrics. The main concentration is to see how long the fabric resists after it catches the fire and the propagation of fire can be reduced by using flame resistant fiber i.e <span class="hlt">basalt</span>. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> fiber is an environmental friendly material with low input, high output, low energy consumption and less emission. The goal of present investigations is to show the dependence of fabric flammability on its structure parameters i.e weave type, blend type etc. Fabric weaves have strong effect on flammability properties. Plain weave has the lowest burning rate as the density of the plain weave fabric is more and the structure is tight which gives less chances of flame passing through the fabric. Thermal stability is evaluated with TGA of all hybrid and nonhybrid fabrics and compared. The thermal stability of the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> fiber is excellent. When comparing thermal analysis curves for hybrid samples it demonstrates that thermal stability of the samples containing <span class="hlt">basalt</span> is much higher than the non- hybrid samples. Percentage weight loss is less in hybrid samples as compared to non-hybrid samples. The effectiveness of hybridization on samples may be indicated by substantial lowering of the decomposition mass. Correlation was made between flammability with the infrared radiations (IR)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PCM....44..561G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PCM....44..561G"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> bonded atomic radii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gibbs, G. V.; Ross, N. L.; Cox, D. F.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The bonded radius, r b(S), of the S atom, calculated for first- and second-row non-transition metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> crystals and third-row transition metal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> molecules and crystals indicates that the radius of the sulfur atom is not fixed as traditionally assumed, but that it decreases systematically along the bond paths of the bonded atoms with decreasing bond length as observed in an earlier study of the bonded radius of the oxygen atom. When bonded to non-transition metal atoms, r b(S) decreases systematically with decreasing bond length from 1.68 Å when the S atom is bonded to the electropositive VINa atom to 1.25 Å when bonded to the more electronegative IVP atom. In the case of transition metal atoms, rb(S) likewise decreases with decreasing bond length from 1.82 Å when bonded to Cu and to 1.12 Å when bonded to Fe. As r b(S) is not fixed at a given value but varies substantially depending on the bond length and the field strength of the bonded atoms, it is apparent that sets of crystal and atomic <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> atomic radii based on an assumed fixed radius for the sulfur atom are satisfactory in that they reproduce bond lengths, on the one hand, whereas on the other, they are unsatisfactory in that they fail to define the actual sizes of the bonded atoms determined in terms of the minima in the electron density between the atoms. As such, we urge that the crystal chemistry and the properties of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> be studied in terms of the bond lengths determined by adding the radii of either the atomic and crystal radii of the atoms but not in terms of existing sets of crystal and atomic radii. After all, the bond lengths were used to determine the radii that were experimentally determined, whereas the individual radii were determined on the basis of an assumed radius for the sulfur atom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730034902&hterms=Chemical+Reviews&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DChemical%2BReviews','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730034902&hterms=Chemical+Reviews&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DChemical%2BReviews"><span>Pyroxenes as recorders of lunar <span class="hlt">basalt</span> petrogenesis - Chemical trends due to crystal-liquid interaction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bence, A. E.; Papike, J. J.</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>Review of the crystallization histories suggested by the chemical, crystallographic, morphological, and paragenetic relationships observed in pyroxenes from <span class="hlt">basalts</span> collected on the Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, and Luna 16 missions. Although the final stages of lunar <span class="hlt">basalt</span> crystallization appear to be rapid near-surface events, the initial stages are shown to vary considerably among the different <span class="hlt">basalt</span> types.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..285a2014I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..285a2014I"><span>Characterization and utilization potential of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rock from East-Lampung district</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Isnugroho, K.; Hendronursito, Y.; Birawidha, D. C.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this research was to study the petrography and chemical properties of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rock from East Lampung district, Lampung province. Petrography analysis was performed using a polarization microscope, and analysis of chemical composition using X-RF method. From the analysis of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rock samples, the mineral composition consists of pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine, and opaque minerals. Basic mass of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rock samples is, composed of plagioclase and pyroxene with subhedral-anhedral shape, forming intergranular texture, and uniform distribution. Mineral plagioclase is colorless and blade shape, transformed into opaque minerals with a size of <0.2 mm, whereas pyroxene present among the blades of plagioclase, with a greenish tint looked and a size of <0.006 mm. Mineral opaque has a rectangular shape to irregular, with a size of <0.16 mm. The chemical composition of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rock samples, consisting of 37.76-59.64 SiO2; 10.10-20.93 Fe2O3; 11.77-14.32 Al2O3; 5.57-14.75 CaO; 5.37-9.15 MgO; 1.40-3.34 Na2O. From the calculation, obtained the value of acidity ratio (Ma) = 3.81. With these values, indicate that the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> rock from East Lampung district has the potential to be utilized as stone wool fiber.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..299S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..299S"><span>Selective environmental stress from sulphur emitted by continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Anja; Skeffington, Richard; Thordarson, Thorvaldur; Self, Stephen; Forster, Piers; Rap, Alexandru; Ridgwell, Andy; Fowler, David; Wilson, Marjorie; Mann, Graham; Wignall, Paul; Carslaw, Ken</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Several biotic crises during the past 300 million years have been linked to episodes of continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> volcanism, and in particular to the release of massive quantities of magmatic sulphur gas species. Flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> provinces were typically formed by numerous individual eruptions, each lasting years to decades. However, the environmental impact of these eruptions may have been limited by the occurrence of quiescent periods that lasted hundreds to thousands of years. Here we use a global aerosol model to quantify the sulphur-induced environmental effects of individual, decade-long flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions representative of the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group, 16.5-14.5 million years ago, and the Deccan Traps, 65 million years ago. For a decade-long eruption of Deccan scale, we calculate a decadal-mean reduction in global surface temperature of 4.5 K, which would recover within 50 years after an eruption ceased unless climate feedbacks were very different in deep-time climates. Acid mists and fogs could have caused immediate damage to vegetation in some regions, but acid-sensitive land and marine ecosystems were well-buffered against volcanic sulphur deposition effects even during century-long eruptions. We conclude that magmatic sulphur from flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions would have caused a biotic crisis only if eruption frequencies and lava discharge rates had been high and sustained for several centuries at a time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatGe...9...77S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatGe...9...77S"><span>Selective environmental stress from sulphur emitted by continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Anja; Skeffington, Richard A.; Thordarson, Thorvaldur; Self, Stephen; Forster, Piers M.; Rap, Alexandru; Ridgwell, Andy; Fowler, David; Wilson, Marjorie; Mann, Graham W.; Wignall, Paul B.; Carslaw, Kenneth S.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Several biotic crises during the past 300 million years have been linked to episodes of continental flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> volcanism, and in particular to the release of massive quantities of magmatic sulphur gas species. Flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> provinces were typically formed by numerous individual eruptions, each lasting years to decades. However, the environmental impact of these eruptions may have been limited by the occurrence of quiescent periods that lasted hundreds to thousands of years. Here we use a global aerosol model to quantify the sulphur-induced environmental effects of individual, decade-long flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions representative of the Columbia River <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> Group, 16.5-14.5 million years ago, and the Deccan Traps, 65 million years ago. For a decade-long eruption of Deccan scale, we calculate a decadal-mean reduction in global surface temperature of 4.5 K, which would recover within 50 years after an eruption ceased unless climate feedbacks were very different in deep-time climates. Acid mists and fogs could have caused immediate damage to vegetation in some regions, but acid-sensitive land and marine ecosystems were well-buffered against volcanic sulphur deposition effects even during century-long eruptions. We conclude that magmatic sulphur from flood <span class="hlt">basalt</span> eruptions would have caused a biotic crisis only if eruption frequencies and lava discharge rates had been high and sustained for several centuries at a time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0176/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0176/report.pdf"><span>Iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits at Wadi Wassat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Roberts, R.J.; Rossman, D.L.; Bagdady, A.Y.; Conway, C.M.; Helaby, A.M.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Massive and disseminated iron <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> deposits in Wadi Wassat form lenticular, stratabound deposits in cherty Precambrian sedimentary rocks interlayered with Precambrian calcareous sedimentary rocks, pyroclastic rocks, and andesitic flow rocks. These rocks have been cut by a wide variety of plutonic and dike rocks including gabbro, diorite, granodiorite, diabase, rhyolite, and granite. The zone containing the <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> lenses is nearly 16 km long and is cut off by granitic rocks at both the northern and southern ends. The lenses are as much as 200 m thick; one can be traced along strike for more than 4 km. The lenses consist mostly of iron <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>. Pyrite is the principal <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> mineral; near intrusive bodies the pyrite has been partially converted to pyrrhotite and locally mobilized into fractures. The <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> have been oxidized to a depth of about 25 m. Preliminary calculations indicate that about 107,500,000 tons of <span class="hlt">sulfides</span>, averaging 40 percent iron and 35 percent sulfur, are available to a depth of i00 m. Small amounts of nickel, cobalt, zinc, and copper are also present, but at metal prices prevailing in early 1981, these do not constitute significant resources.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1257193','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1257193"><span>Iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> redox flow batteries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Xia, Guanguang; Yang, Zhenguo; Li, Liyu; Kim, Soowhan; Liu, Jun; Graff, Gordon L</p> <p>2016-06-14</p> <p>Iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> redox flow battery (RFB) systems can be advantageous for energy storage, particularly when the electrolytes have pH values greater than 6. Such systems can exhibit excellent energy conversion efficiency and stability and can utilize low-cost materials that are relatively safer and more environmentally friendly. One example of an iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> RFB is characterized by a positive electrolyte that comprises Fe(III) and/or Fe(II) in a positive electrolyte supporting solution, a negative electrolyte that comprises S.sup.2- and/or S in a negative electrolyte supporting solution, and a membrane, or a separator, that separates the positive electrolyte and electrode from the negative electrolyte and electrode.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1111112','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1111112"><span>Iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> redox flow batteries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Xia, Guan-Guang; Yang, Zhenguo; Li, Liyu; Kim, Soowhan; Liu, Jun; Graff, Gordon L</p> <p>2013-12-17</p> <p>Iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> redox flow battery (RFB) systems can be advantageous for energy storage, particularly when the electrolytes have pH values greater than 6. Such systems can exhibit excellent energy conversion efficiency and stability and can utilize low-cost materials that are relatively safer and more environmentally friendly. One example of an iron-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> RFB is characterized by a positive electrolyte that comprises Fe(III) and/or Fe(II) in a positive electrolyte supporting solution, a negative electrolyte that comprises S.sup.2- and/or S in a negative electrolyte supporting solution, and a membrane, or a separator, that separates the positive electrolyte and electrode from the negative electrolyte and electrode.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3727212','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3727212"><span>The Hydrolysis of Carbonyl <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> at Low Temperature: A Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhao, Shunzheng; Yi, Honghong; Tang, Xiaolong; Jiang, Shanxue; Gao, Fengyu; Zhang, Bowen; Zuo, Yanran; Wang, Zhixiang</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Catalytic hydrolysis technology of carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (COS) at low temperature was reviewed, including the development of catalysts, reaction kinetics, and reaction mechanism of COS hydrolysis. It was indicated that the catalysts are mainly involved metal oxide and activated carbon. The active ingredients which can load on COS hydrolysis catalyst include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and nanometal oxides. The catalytic hydrolysis of COS is a first-order reaction with respect to carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, while the reaction order of water changes as the reaction conditions change. The controlling steps are also different because the reaction conditions such as concentration of carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, reaction temperature, water-air ratio, and reaction atmosphere are different. The hydrolysis of carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is base-catalyzed reaction, and the force of the base site has an important effect on the hydrolysis of carbonyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>. PMID:23956697</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.B53C0507M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.B53C0507M"><span>Prokaryotic diversity, distribution, and insights into their role in biogeochemical cycling in marine <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and gabbros</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mason, O. U.; di Meo-Savoie, C. A.; Nakagawa, T.; van Nostrand, J. D.; Rosner, M.; Maruyama, A.; Zhou, J.; Fisk, M. R.; Giovannoni, S. J.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Oceanic crust covers nearly 70% of the Earth's surface, of which, the upper, sediment layer is estimated to harbor substantial microbial biomass. Marine crust, however, extends several kilometers beyond this surficial layer, and includes the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and gabbro layers. The microbial diversity in <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is well characterized, yet metabolic diversity is unknown. To date, the microflora associated with gabbros, including microbial and metabolic diversity has not been reported. In our analyses <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> and gabbroic endoliths were analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning and sequencing, and microarray analysis of functional genes. Our results suggest that despite nearly identical chemical compositions of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and gabbro the associated microflora did not overlap. <span class="hlt">Basalt</span> samples harbor a surprising diversity of seemingly cosmopolitan microorganisms, some of which appear to be <span class="hlt">basalt</span> specialists. Conversely, gabbros have a low diversity of endoliths, none of which appear to be specifically adapted to the gabbroic environment. Microarray analysis (GeoChip) was used to assay for functional gene diversity in <span class="hlt">basalts</span> and gabbros. In <span class="hlt">basalt</span> genes coding for previously unreported processes such as carbon fixation, methane-oxidation, methanogenesis, and nitrogen fixation were present, suggesting that <span class="hlt">basalts</span> harbor previously unrecognized metabolic diversity. Similar processes were observed in gabbroic samples, yet metabolic inference from phylogenetic relationships of gabbroic endoliths with other microorganisms, suggests that hydrocarbon oxidation is the prevailing metabolism in this environment. Our analyses revealed that the <span class="hlt">basalt</span> and gabbro layers harbor microorganisms with the genetic potential to significantly impact biogeochemical cycling in the lithosphere and overlying hydrosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27343077','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27343077"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production risk in soil during the infiltration of domestic wastewater treated by a sulfur-utilizing denitrification process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ghorbel, L; Coudert, L; Gilbert, Y; Mercier, G; Blais, J F</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>This study aimed to determine the potential of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> generation during infiltration through soil of domestic wastewater treated by a sulfur-utilizing denitrification process. Three types of soil with different permeability rates (K s = 0.028, 0.0013, and 0.00015 cm/s) were investigated to evaluate the potential risk of sulfur generation during the infiltration of domestic wastewater treated by a sulfur-utilizing denitrification system. These soils were thoroughly characterized and tested to assess their capacity to be used as drainages for wastewaters. Experiments were conducted under two operating modes (<span class="hlt">saturated</span> and unsaturated). Sulfate, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels were determined over a period of 100 days. Despite the high concentration of sulfates (200 mg/L) under anaerobic conditions (ORP = -297 mV), no significant amount of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> was generated in the aqueous (<0.2 mg/L) or gaseous (<0.15 ppm) phases. Furthermore, the soil permeability did not have a noticeable effect on the infiltration of domestic wastewater treated by a sulfur-utilizing denitrification system due to low contents of organic matter (i.e., dissolved organic carbon, DOC). The autotrophic denitrification process used to treat the domestic wastewater allowed the reduction of the concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) below 5 mg/L, of DOC below 7 mg/L, and of COD below 100 mg/L.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JOM....48k..37B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JOM....48k..37B"><span>Reviewing <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> corrosion—Yesterday and today</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bornstein, Norman S.</p> <p>1996-11-01</p> <p>At one time, <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> corrosion threatened to severely limit the use of gas turbines in marine applications, markedly reduce the life of industrial gas turbines, and affect the performance of aircraft engines. Today, gas turbine engines drive U.S. naval ships, produce electricity, and power aircraft. However, the problem of <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> corrosion has not disappeared. The rapid rate of degradation of airfoil materials in the presence of condensed sulfates is still a concern for gas turbine engines that operate in industrial and marine environments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768063','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768063"><span>Photochemical Dual-Catalytic Synthesis of Alkynyl <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Santandrea, Jeffrey; Minozzi, Clémentine; Cruché, Corentin; Collins, Shawn K</p> <p>2017-09-25</p> <p>A photochemical dual-catalytic cross-coupling to form alkynyl <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> via C(sp)-S bond formation is described. The cross-coupling of thiols and bromoalkynes is promoted by a soluble organic carbazole-based photocatalyst using continuous flow techniques. Synthesis of alkynyl <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> bearing a wide range of electronically and sterically diverse aromatic alkynes and thiols can be achieved in good to excellent yields (50-96 %). The simple continuous flow setup also allows for short reaction times (30 min) and high reproducibility on gram scale. In addition, we report the first application of photoredox/nickel dual catalysis towards macrocyclization, as well as the first example of the incorporation of an alkynyl <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> functional group into a macrocyclic scaffold. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/920729','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/920729"><span>Multi-dimensional modeling of atmospheric copper-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> corrosion on non-planar substrates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chen, Ken Shuang</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>This report documents the author's efforts in the deterministic modeling of copper-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> corrosion on non-planar substrates such as diodes and electrical connectors. A new framework based on Goma was developed for multi-dimensional modeling of atmospheric copper-<span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> corrosion on non-planar substrates. In this framework, the moving <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> front is explicitly tracked by treating the finite-element mesh as a pseudo solid with an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation and repeatedly performing re-meshing using CUBIT and re-mapping using MAPVAR. Three one-dimensional studies were performed for verifying the framework in asymptotic regimes. Limited model validation was also carried out by comparing computed copper-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> thickness with experimentalmore » data. The framework was first demonstrated in modeling one-dimensional copper <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> with charge separation. It was found that both the thickness of the space-charge layers and the electrical potential at the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> surface decrease rapidly as the Cu{sub 2}S layer thickens initially but eventually reach equilibrium values as Cu{sub 2}S layer becomes sufficiently thick; it was also found that electroneutrality is a reasonable approximation and that the electro-migration flux may be estimated by using the equilibrium potential difference between the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> and annihilation surfaces when the Cu{sub 2}S layer is sufficiently thick. The framework was then employed to model copper <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> in the solid-state-diffusion controlled regime (i.e. stage II <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span>) on a prototypical diode until a continuous Cu{sub 2}S film was formed on the diode surface. The framework was also applied to model copper <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> on an intermittent electrical contact between a gold-plated copper pin and gold-plated copper pad; the presence of Cu{sub 2}S was found to raise the effective electrical resistance drastically. Lastly, future research needs in modeling atmospheric copper <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4479566','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4479566"><span>Biogenic Mn-Oxides in Subseafloor <span class="hlt">Basalts</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ivarsson, Magnus; Broman, Curt; Gustafsson, Håkan; Holm, Nils G.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The deep biosphere of the subseafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> is recognized as a major scientific frontier in disciplines like biology, geology, and oceanography. Recently, the presence of fungi in these environments has involved a change of view regarding diversity and ecology. Here, we describe fossilized fungal communities in vugs in subseafloor <span class="hlt">basalts</span> from a depth of 936.65 metres below seafloor at the Detroit Seamount, Pacific Ocean. These fungal communities are closely associated with botryoidal Mn oxides composed of todorokite. Analyses of the Mn oxides by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (EPR) indicate a biogenic signature. We suggest, based on mineralogical, morphological and EPR data, a biological origin of the botryoidal Mn oxides. Our results show that fungi are involved in Mn cycling at great depths in the seafloor and we introduce EPR as a means to easily identify biogenic Mn oxides in these environments. PMID:26107948</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4752510','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4752510"><span>Kinetics of Indigenous Nitrate Reducing <span class="hlt">Sulfide</span> Oxidizing Activity in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Villahermosa, Desirée; Corzo, Alfonso; Garcia-Robledo, Emilio; González, Juan M.; Papaspyrou, Sokratis</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Nitrate decreases <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> release in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), but little is known on how it affects the microzonation and kinetics of related microbial processes within the biofilm. The effect of nitrate addition on these properties for sulfate reduction, <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation, and oxygen respiration were studied with the use of microelectrodes in microaerophilic wastewater biofilms. Mass balance calaculations and community composition analysis were also performed. At basal WWTP conditions, the biofilm presented a double-layer system. The upper microaerophilic layer (~300 μm) showed low <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production (0.31 μmol cm-3 h-1) and oxygen consumption rates (0.01 μmol cm-3 h-1). The anoxic lower layer showed high <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production (2.7 μmol cm-3 h-1). Nitrate addition decreased net <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> production rates, caused by an increase in <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation rates (SOR) in the upper layer, rather than an inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). This suggests that the indigenous nitrate reducing-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) were immediately activated by nitrate. The functional vertical structure of the biofilm changed to a triple-layer system, where the previously upper <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-producing layer in the absence of nitrate split into two new layers: 1) an upper <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-consuming layer, whose thickness is probably determined by the nitrate penetration depth within the biofilm, and 2) a middle layer producing <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> at an even higher rate than in the absence of nitrate in some cases. Below these layers, the lower net <span class="hlt">sulfide</span>-producing layer remained unaffected. Net SOR varied from 0.05 to 0.72 μmol cm-3 h-1 depending on nitrate and sulfate availability. Addition of low nitrate concentrations likely increased sulfate availability within the biofilm and resulted in an increase of both net sulfate reduction and net <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation by overcoming sulfate diffusional limitation from the water phase and the strong coupling between SRB and NR-SOB syntrophic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820063011&hterms=Hawaii+Kilauea+volcano&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DHawaii%2BKilauea%2Bvolcano','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820063011&hterms=Hawaii+Kilauea+volcano&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DHawaii%2BKilauea%2Bvolcano"><span>Petrology of dune sand derived from <span class="hlt">basalt</span> on the Ka'u Desert, Hawaii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gooding, J. L.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>Dune sand from the Ka'u Desert, southwest flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, is moderately well-sorted (median = 1.60 Phi, deviation = 0.60, skewness = 0.25, kurtosis = 0.68) and composed mostly of frosted subangular particles of <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glass ('unfractionated' olivine-normative tholeitte), olivine, lithic fragments (subophitic and intersertal <span class="hlt">basalts</span>; magnetite-ilmenite-rich <span class="hlt">basalts</span>), reticular <span class="hlt">basalt</span> glass, magnetite, ilmenite, and plagioclase, in approximately that order of abundance. Quantitative lithological comparison of the dune sand with sand-sized ash from the Keanakakoi Formation supports suggestions that the dune sand was derived largely from Keanakakoi ash. The dune sand is too well sorted to have been emplaced in its present form by base-surge but could have evolved by post-eruption reworking of the ash.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998GeCoA..62..633B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998GeCoA..62..633B"><span>Surface Charge Development on Transition Metal <span class="hlt">Sulfides</span>: An Electrokinetic Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bebie, Joakim; Schoonen, Martin A. A.; Fuhrmann, Mark; Strongin, Daniel R.</p> <p>1998-02-01</p> <p>The isoelectric points, pH i.e.p., of ZnS, PbS, CuFeS 2, FeS, FeS 2, NiS 2, CoS 2, and MnS 2 in NaCl supported electrolyte solutions are estimated to be between pH 3.3 and 0.6, with most of the isoelectric points below pH 2. The first electrokinetic measurements on NiS 2, CoS 2, and MnS 2 are reported here. Below pH i.e.p. the metal-<span class="hlt">sulfide</span> surfaces are positively charged, above pH i.e.p. the surfaces are negatively charged. The addition of Me 2+ ions shifts the pH i.e.p. and changes the pH dependence considerably. The isoelectric points of the measured transition metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> in the absence of metal ions or dissolved <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> (H 2S or HS -) are in agreement with those found in earlier studies. The pH range of observed isoelectric points for metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> (0.6-3.3) is compared to the considerably wider pH i.e.p. range (2-12) found for oxides. The correlation between pH i.e.p. and the electronegativities of the metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> suggests that all metal <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> will have an isoelectric point between pH 0.6 and 3.3. Compared to metal oxides, <span class="hlt">sulfides</span> exhibit an isoelectric point that is largely independent of the nature of the metal cation in the solid.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..435.1011K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..435.1011K"><span><span class="hlt">Sulfidation</span> behavior and mechanism of zinc silicate roasted with pyrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ke, Yong; Peng, Ning; Xue, Ke; Min, Xiaobo; Chai, Liyuan; Pan, Qinglin; Liang, Yanjie; Xiao, Ruiyang; Wang, Yunyan; Tang, Chongjian; Liu, Hui</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sulfidation</span> roasting followed by flotation is widely known as a possible generic technology for enriching valuable metals in low-grade Zn-Pb oxide ores. Zn2SiO4 is the primary Zn phase in willemite. Zn4Si2O7(OH)2(H2O), the main Zn phase in hemimorphite, transforms into Zn2SiO4 at temperatures above 600 °C. To enrich the Zn in willemite and hemimorphite, the Zn species should first be converted to ZnS. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> reaction of Zn2SiO4 during roasting with pyrite is of vital important. In this study, the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> behavior and reaction mechanisms of a Zn2SiO4-pyrite roasting system were determined using HSC 5.0 software, TG-FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, XPS and SEM-EDS. The results indicate that the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> process can be divided into three steps: the decomposition of pyrite and formation of a sulfur-rich environment, the sulfur-induced migration of O2- and transformation of sulfur vapor, and the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> reaction via oxygen-sulfur exchange. During the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> roasting process, pyrite was converted to loose and porous Fe3O4, whereas Zn2SiO4 was transformed into ZnS and SiO2 in situ. These findings provide theoretical support for controlling the <span class="hlt">sulfidation</span> roasting process of willemite and hemimorphite.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5399104','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5399104"><span>A distal ligand mutes the interaction of hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> with human neuroglobin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ruetz, Markus; Kumutima, Jacques; Lewis, Brianne E.; Filipovic, Milos R.; Lehnert, Nicolai; Stemmler, Timothy L.; Banerjee, Ruma</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> is a critical signaling molecule, but high concentrations cause cellular toxicity. A four-enzyme pathway in the mitochondrion detoxifies H2S by converting it to thiosulfate and sulfate. Recent studies have shown that globins like hemoglobin and myoglobin can also oxidize H2S to thiosulfate and hydropolysulfides. Neuroglobin, a globin enriched in the brain, was reported to bind H2S tightly and was postulated to play a role in modulating neuronal sensitivity to H2S in conditions such as stroke. However, the H2S reactivity of the coordinately <span class="hlt">saturated</span> heme in neuroglobin is expected a priori to be substantially lower than that of the 5-coordinate hemes present in myoglobin and hemoglobin. To resolve this discrepancy, we explored the role of the distal histidine residue in muting the reactivity of human neuroglobin toward H2S. Ferric neuroglobin is slowly reduced by H2S and catalyzes its inefficient oxidative conversion to thiosulfate. Mutation of the distal His64 residue to alanine promotes rapid binding of H2S and its efficient conversion to oxidized products. X-ray absorption, EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy highlight the chemically different reaction options influenced by the distal histidine ligand. This study provides mechanistic insights into how the distal heme ligand in neuroglobin caps its reactivity toward H2S and identifies by cryo-mass spectrometry a range of <span class="hlt">sulfide</span> oxidation products with 2–6 catenated sulfur atoms with or without oxygen insertion, which accumulate in the absence of the His64 ligand. PMID:28246171</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941750','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941750"><span>Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magma ascent dynamics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>La Spina, G; Burton, M; De' Michieli Vitturi, M; Arzilli, F</p> <p>2016-12-12</p> <p>Timescales of magma ascent in conduit models are typically assumed to be much longer than crystallization and gas exsolution for <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruptions. However, it is now recognized that <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> magmas may rise fast enough for disequilibrium processes to play a key role on the ascent dynamics. The quantification of the characteristic times for crystallization and exsolution processes are fundamental to our understanding of such disequilibria and ascent dynamics. Here we use observations from Mount Etna's 2001 eruption and a magma ascent model to constrain timescales for crystallization and exsolution processes. Our results show that plagioclase reaches equilibrium in 1-2 h, whereas ascent times were <1 h. Using these new constraints on disequilibrium plagioclase crystallization we also reproduce observed crystal abundances for different <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> eruptions. The strong relation between magma ascent rate and disequilibrium crystallization and exsolution plays a key role in controlling eruption dynamics in <span class="hlt">basaltic</span> volcanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1355772-characterization-upgraded-fast-pyrolysis-oak-oil-distillate-fractions-from-sulfided-non-sulfided-catalytic-hydrotreating','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1355772-characterization-upgraded-fast-pyrolysis-oak-oil-distillate-fractions-from-sulfided-non-sulfided-catalytic-hydrotreating"><span>Characterization of upgraded fast pyrolysis oak oil distillate fractions from <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> and non-<span class="hlt">sulfided</span> catalytic hydrotreating</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Olarte, Mariefel V.; Padmaperuma, Asanga B.; Ferrell, III, Jack R.; ...</p> <p>2017-04-06</p> <p>We consider catalytic hydroprocessing of pyrolysis oils from biomass which produces hydrocarbons for liquid fuel production. This process requires removal of oxygen and cracking of the heavier molecular weight bio-oil constituents into smaller fragments at high temperatures and pressures under hydrogen. Here, we present in this paper the characterization of a group of five distillate fractions from each of two types of hydroprocessed oils from oak pyrolysis oil: a low oxygen content (LOC, 1.8% O, wet basis) oil and a medium oxygen content (MOC, 6.4% O, wet basis) oil. The LOC oil was generated using a <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> hydrotreating system consistingmore » of RuS/C and xMoS/Al 2O 3 while the MOC was produced using non-<span class="hlt">sulfided</span> catalysts, Ru/C and Pd/C. Elemental analysis and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) results suggest that the distillate fractions from both oils become more aromatic/unsaturated as they become heavier. Carbonyl and carboxylic groups were found in the MOC light fractions, while phenols were present in the heavier fractions for both MOC and LOC. Paraffin, iso-paraffin, olefin, naphthene, aromatic (PIONA) analysis of the light LOC fraction shows a predominance of paraffins with a minor amount of olefins. Sulfur analysis showed the comparative concentration of sulfur in the different fractions as well as the surprising similarity in content in some <span class="hlt">sulfided</span> and non-<span class="hlt">sulfided</span> fractions. Our results can be used to direct future research on refinery integration and production of value-added product from specific upgraded oil streams.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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