Dyad training, where trainees learn in pairs but ultimately perform individually, has been shown to be an effective method for training some skills. The effectiveness of this approach, however, may be tied to the type of task to be trained and the quality of the interaction in the dyad. We report two studies on the effectiveness of ...

Dyad training, where trainees learn in pairs but ultimately perform individually, has been shown to be an effective method for training some skills. The effectiveness of this approach, however, may be tied to the type of task to be trained and the quality of the interaction in the dyad. We report two studies on the effectiveness of ...

Assessed friendships among Head Start preschoolers. Found that older children were more likely than younger children to participate in a reciprocated friendship, and reciprocated dyads were more likely to be same-gender than were nonreciprocated dyads. Reciprocated friends interacted more frequently and looked at each other more than ...

Two stimulus control processes by which some parent-child dyads occasionally escalate their aversive exchanges into progressively more coercive interactions are described. The compliance hypothesis suggests that aversive actions have instructional properties for the dyad and that parent compliance with such child instructions maintains ...

... an area and socialization responses in dyads of albino male laboratory mice given differing freedom of movement between each other' ... ...

The nature of the nucleosomal barrier which regulates access to the underlying DNA during many cellular processes is not fully understood. Here we present a detailed map of histone-DNA interactions along the DNA sequence to near basepair accuracy by mechanically unzipping single molecules of DNA, each containing a single nucleosome. This interaction map ...

A coumarin derivative with a malonate unit has been synthesized and used for the preparation of a fullerene-coumarin dyad through the Bingel cyclopropanation method. The newly synthesized dyad is soluble in organic solvents and has been fully characterized with traditional spectroscopic techniques. Electronic interactions between the ...

Friendships among a large sample of preschool-age children (N = 471) attending Head Start were assessed. Based on sociometric data, friendship dyads were identified as reciprocated (mutual choice) or nonreciprocated (unilateral choice). Dyads were further classified with respect to gender composition as either same- or mixed-gender ...

While preparing the first structurally rigid zinc phthalocyanine-benzoquinone (ZnPc-BQ) dyad as a model for photoinduced charge separation mimicking natural photosynthesis, a convenient method is developed for in situ generation of a benzoquinone chromophore in the dyad using an iso-butyryl mask. The dyad has no rotamers and possesses ...

Two studies examined interaction quality and joint performance on two creative tasks in unacquainted dyads primed for autonomy or control orientations. It was hypothesized that autonomy-primed dyads would interact more constructively, experience more positive mood, and engage the task more readily, and as a result ...

The present study addressed hypotheses about cyclical entrainment between interacting dyad members in their moment-to-moment levels of dominance and affiliation. Using a computer joystick technique, observers recorded the continuous stream of behavior for each partner in 50 mixed-sex dyads, and the data for each ...

Describes the application of a new analytical approach (derived from synergetics, a complex dynamic systems theory) to home observational data of mother-child interactions in average dyads and dyads with children referred for disruptive behavior problems at home and school (n = 11 in each group). Results show that (1) the two groups ...

Examining supervisory dyads consisting of a White supervisor and a White supervisee, the authors sought to determine the effects of similarities and differences in levels of supervisor and supervisee racial identity schemas or attitudes on White supervisees' self-reported multicultural counseling competence and multicultural case conceptualization ability. White supervisees in ...

We assessed the use of a joint activity schedule to increase peer engagement for preschoolers with autism. We taught 3 dyads of preschoolers with autism to follow joint activity schedules that cued both members of the pair to play a sequence of interactive games together. Results indicated that joint activity schedules increased peer engagement and the ...

The relationship between social role-taking ability and competencies of 46 retarded children in dyadic interaction was examined. Subjects were rank ordered on Feffer's (Note 1) Role-Taking Task and assigned to dyads according to rank-order position. A specially designed two-person game, involving the delivery of differential reinforcements (pennies) to ...

Thirty-three deaf and 33 hearing children were videotaped playing with their hearing mothers at 22 months and 3 years of age. The deaf and hearing dyads differed at 22 months only on communicative competence. In addition, interactions in deaf dyads were mother dominated and less harmonious than in hearing dyads. At ...

We examined the differences in conflict interaction between depressed mothers and their toddler and non-depressed dyads and whether these differences mediated the association of maternal depression with compromised child socioemotional development. Mother/child interaction was videotaped during a teaching task and during a free play ...

The effects of amount of eye contact and verbal content on interpersonal attraction were studied in two experiments using televised dyadic interactions, the first a 3 x 3 factorial with three levels of eye contact and 3 degrees of positiveness of personal...

This longitudinal study explores linkages between patterns of mother-child conversation as events unfold and children's subsequent event memory reports. Eighty-nine mother-child dyads took part in novel "adventures" in their homes when the children were 36 and 42 months old. In contrast to "low joint talk" dyads, the conversations of "high joint talk" ...

The interaction between metalloporphyrins and their axial ligands plays an important role in the electron transfer (ET) processes in which the excited porphyrin participates. An efficient photoinduced ET reaction of a double-linked zinc(II) porphyrin-fullerene dyad was demonstrated in ionic environment. The chloride ion of tetrabutylammonium chloride ...

The aim of this study is to examine whether the asymmetrical pattern of communication usually found between people who use augmentative and alternative communication and their partners using natural speech was also found in the interaction between non-vocal young preschool children with cerebral palsy and their parents. Three parent-child dyads (children's ...

Objective:: Parent-Child Interaction Training (PCIT), which uses a social learning framework, is a dyadic intervention that is designed to alter specific patterns of interaction found in parent-child relationships. Previous research suggests that maladaptive and high-risk characteristics found in maltreating parent-child dyads may be ...

. The outcomes of interactions within dyads of dark-eyed juncos, Junco hyemalis, were observed. Each dyad hypothesis (Gauthreaux 1978, 1982). Our experimental subject, the dark-eyed junco, Junco h. hyemalis. 1978. Dominance, survival, and enzyme polymorphism in dark-eyed juncos, Junco hyemalis. Evolution, 32

Electronic interactions between the first excited states (S(1)) of carotenoids (Car) of different conjugation lengths (8-11 double bonds) and phthalocyanines (Pc) in different Car-Pc dyad molecules were investigated by two-photon spectroscopy and compared with Car S(1)-chlorophyll (Chl) interactions in photosynthetic light harvesting ...

Considering a dyad as a dynamic system whose current state depends on its past state has allowed researchers to investigate whether and how partners influence each other. Some researchers have also focused on how differences between dyads in their interaction patterns are related to other differences between them. A promising approach ...

This paper presents a continuous-time Bayesian model for analyzing durations of behavior displays in social interactions. Duration data of social interactions are often complex because of repeated behaviors (events) at individual or group (e.g., dyad) level, multiple behaviors (multistates), and several choices of exit from a current ...

Earlier quantitative studies in computer-supported collaborative learning identified "Productive Failure" (Kapur, Cognition and Instruction 26(3):379-424, "2008") as a phenomenon in which students experiencing relative failures in their initial problem-solving efforts subsequently performed better than others who were in a condition not involving an initial failure. In this qualitative study, we ...

Sustaining interaction dynamics and engagement in dyadic child-robot interaction kinesics: Lessons-taking rhythms, and the interactional kinesics of human-robot dyads are discussed dimensions for HRI design. Index Terms-- social robotics, human-robot kinesics, di- mensions of human-robot ...

The photoinduced electron transference (PET) interaction in porphyrin containing donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules is of great importance in nature and a significant part of the PET research has been devoted to the study of its mechanism ("through-space" or "through-bond") in these decades. Herein we synthesized a series of covalently linked porphyrin-anthraquinone ...

Four responses, presumed to be alternative modes for reducing the aversiveness associated with disagreements, were investigated in a free-interaction, free-discussion situation. Each of 24 pairs of Ss discussed several issues toward which they held confli...

of backchannel response in intercultural communication. Keywords: Backchannel responses, Intercultural inhibited content communication. Could frequent backchannel responses be misleading signals in intercultural problems communicating as intercultural dyads since both parties used their native languages and interacted

This study investigated the effects of mental ability level on problem solving behavior of individuals and dyads. The problem (riddle of the death of the Wooly Mammoth) is open ended, data rich and presented by computer. Significant interactions between g...

While there is general agreement that conversational interaction can facilitate interlanguage development, much of the research on interaction has been conducted in experimental laboratory settings. Questions have been raised about the generalizability of the benefits observed in the laboratory to the classroom setting. The current research compared ...

ABSTRACTPurpose: The objectives of this study were to translate and modify the Assessment of Mother�Infant Sensitivity scale into a Chinese version (modified AMIS-C) and to examine its reliability with preterm and term Taiwanese mother�infant dyads.Method: A total of 241 mother�infant pairs (179 preterm dyads and 62 term dyads) ...

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of gender role and task content on performance in learning dyads and to test the potential mediator effect of an intragroup process related to transactive memory. A total of 44 same-gender dyads participated in the study and were asked to collaborate on a stereotypically masculine or feminine task in a ...

The perceived dissonance of two simultaneous tones (a dyad) depends upon their frequency separation (in the case of two pure tones) or their fundamental frequency ratio (in the case of two harmonic complex tones). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the perceived dissonance of puretone and harmonic complex dyads is altered in the presence of ...

Videotaping is used frequently in nursing research. A threat to the validity of videotaping is participant reactivity, that is, being recorded by a camera may influence the behavior of interest. This paper's purpose is to report how youth ages 10 to 14 years old and their parent viewed participation in a videotaped conflict-management task. Five dyads, who were part of a ...

Pacman-type face-to-face zinc-porphyrin-fullerene dyads have been newly synthesized and studied. Owing to the close proximity of the donor and acceptor entities, strong pi-pi intramolecular interactions between the porphyrin and fullerene entities resulted in modulating the spectral and electrochemical properties of the dyads. New ...

This study examined siblings' teaching strategies in 72 dyads (firstborn and second born, M ages = 81.64 and 56.31 months) as a function of dyad age, age gap between siblings, and teacher birth order. One child per dyad was randomly assigned to teach her or his sibling to construct a tractor toy. Interactions were ...

Trust between coworkers is critical to the success of organizations and teams. This is especially true for those who are geographically dispersed and who must interact virtually. The authors studied the factors related to the development of trust between pairs of coworkers (dyads) in a new product development team. Some of the members were colocated, and ...

Research has shown that female students cannot profit as much as male students can from cooperative learning in physics, especially in mixed-gender dyads. This study has explored the influence of partner gender on female students' learning achievement, interaction and the problem-solving process during cooperative learning. In Shanghai, a total of 50 ...

Although borderline personality is characterized by a variety of interpersonal antecedents and consequences, interpersonal theory has yet to develop an adequate model of the disorder. It was hypothesized that considerations of non-interpersonal features that influence interpersonal behavior can inform the description of the interpersonal process associated with borderline ...

This prospective study examined how characteristics of infants (i.e., birth weight and perinatal illness severity), mothers (i.e., anxiety and level of education), and the social context (i.e., maternal received and perceived helpfulness of support) related to mother-very low birth weight (VLBW) infant interaction in 72 dyads. Infant, mother, and ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a peer intervention program designed to increase interactions between children with and without disabilities in an inclusive summer camp. A multiple probe single subject design was used to determine the effects of the STAR intervention on six dyads of campers aged five through ten over two week ...

High-resolution dynamic mapping of histone-DNA interactions in a nucleosome Michael A Hall1, Alla. Here we present a detailed map of histone-DNA interactions along the DNA sequence to near base pair beyond the dyad resulted in removal of the histone octamer from its initial DNA sequence. These findings

ObjectiveTo examine whether a supportive nursing intervention that promoted kangaroo holding of healthy preterm infants by their mothers during the early weeks of the infant�s life facilitated co-regulation between mother and infant at six months of age.DesignRandomized controlled trial.ParticipantsSixty-five mother-infant dyads with mean gestational age at birth of 33 ...

Chimeric dyads 1a and 1b based on dansyl and naphthalimide units linked through the polymethylene group were synthesized, and their photophysical and interactions with various metal ions were investigated under different conditions. These dyads showed dual emission centered at around 375 and 525 nm, respectively, due to the locally ...

We examined dynamic infant-parent affect coupling using the Face-to-Face/Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm. The sample included 20 infants whose older siblings had been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD-sibs), and 18 infants with comparison siblings (COMP-sibs). A series of extended autoregressive models was used to represent the self-regulation and interactive dynamics ...

Lev Vygotsky maintained that historical and cultural aspects of development started from the point at which humans could first be distinguished from apes. It is critical to consider the dialectical relationship between the individual and the cultural environment in which the child actively masters cultural behavior. Interaction with others provides the means by which children ...

Maternal scaffolding of pretend play was investigated in ten hearing mother/hearing child (Hh) dyads and ten hearing mother/deaf child (Hd) dyads. Three videotaped samples of play interaction were collected when the children were 28, 29 and 30 months of age. The videotapes were segmented according to four levels of maternal ...

tejero l.m.s. (2011) The mediating role of the nurse-patient dyad bonding in bringing about patient satisfaction. Journal of Advanced Nursing ABSTRACT: Aim.? This article is a report on a Synergy Model-guided correlational study of the direct and indirect relations of nurse-characteristics and patient characteristics to patient satisfaction, as mediated by nurse-patient ...

Players in Axelrod and Hamilton's model of cooperation were not only in a Prisoner's Dilemma, but by definition, they were also trapped in a dyad. But animals are rarely so restricted and even the option to interact with third parties allows individuals to escape from the Prisoner's Dilemma into a much more interesting and varied world of cooperation, from ...

Players in Axelrod and Hamilton's model of cooperation were not only in a Prisoner's Dilemma, but by definition, they were also trapped in a dyad. But animals are rarely so restricted and even the option to interact with third parties allows individuals to escape from the Prisoner's Dilemma into a much more interesting and varied world of cooperation, from ...

Few studies have examined joint attention in interactions with persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), despite its important role in high-quality interaction. The purpose of this study is to describe the attention-directing behaviours of persons with PIMD and their direct support staff and the attention episodes resulting from ...

Few studies have examined joint attention in interactions with persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), despite its important role in high-quality interaction. The purpose of this study is to describe the attention-directing behaviours of persons with PIMD and their direct support staff and the attention episodes resulting from ...

Two hundred and sixty-four children aged 6.5-7.5 years (first graders) took part in a pre-test, interaction, and post-test experiment working on a spatial transformation task known as the 'village task'. Cognitive progress was assessed by pre- to post-test gains in both an immediate and delayed post-test in dyads and individual participants as a control. ...

Positioning theory was used in my interpretation of the social interactions between Year 6 children during science activities. By examining the unproductive journey taken by students in one female dyad as they interacted with students in both mixed-gender and same-gender groups, it was possible to consider how gender, status and power ...

The Greenspan-Lieberman Observational System Revised was used to evaluate characteristics of dyadic interactions between 10 hearing mothers and hearing toddlers (HH), 10 deaf mothers and deaf toddlers (DD), and 10 hearing mothers and deaf toddlers (HD). Findings suggest that assessment instruments require some modifications and results must be interpreted with caution when ...

Compared exploratory, symbolic, and social play and interaction of Argentine and U.S. 20-month olds and their mothers. Found patterns of cultural similarity in sex differences and differences in the use of exploratory and symbolic play. Overall, Argentine and U.S. dyads used different modes of exploration, representation, and ...

Two studies examined effects of four setting events and two organismic variables on the social behavior of children (ages 9 and 10) with developmental disabilities and autism. Results indicated that peer dyads; cooperative peer intervention; and triads, which included two high-status nondisabled peers, were most effective in promoting positive social ...

This study was designed to investigate whether or not degree of child maltreatment is related in some meaningful way to the interactional characteristics of the mother/infant dyad and to the infant's developmental status. A group of 53 mother/infant dyads was divided into five diagnostic groups: nonaccidental trauma combined with ...

This research examined the nature of parent-child conversations at an informal science education center housed in an active gravitational-wave observatory. Each of 20 parent-child dyads explored an interactive exhibit hall privately, without the distraction of other visitors. Parents employed a variety of strategies to support their children's ...

Many social interactions require the synchronization--be it automatically or intentionally--of one's own behavior with that of others. Using a dyadic drumming paradigm, the authors delineate lifespan differences in interpersonal action synchronization (IAS). Younger children, older children, younger adults, and older adults in same- and mixed-age dyads ...

Observers watched videotaped face-to-face mother-infant and stranger-infant interactions of 12 infants at 2, 4, or 6 months of age. Half of the observers saw each mother paired with her own infant and another infant of the same age (mother tapes) and half saw each infant paired with his or her mother and with a stranger (infant tapes). Observers were asked to judge which was ...

This study tested whether adolescents' attachment style is related to friendship interactions and perceptions of friendship quality. Attachment pairings were contrasted to examine whether dyad members' security of attachment or their models of others was more related to friendship. A total of 44 pairs of same-sex adolescent friends were videotaped as they ...

This study tested whether adolescents' attachment style is related to friendship interactions and perceptions of friendship quality. Attachment pairings were contrasted to examine whether dyad members' security of attachment or their models of others was more related to friendship. A total of 44 pairs of same-sex adolescent friends were videotaped as they ...

Two families of dyad and triad systems based on perylene monoimide (PMI), quaterthiophene (QT), and 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene (extended tetrathiafulvalene, exTTF) molecular components have been designed and synthesized. The dyads (D1 and D2) are of the PMI-QT type and the triads (T1 and T2) of the PMI-QT-exTTF type. The two ...

Flexible "pacman" scaffolds built upon a calix[4]arene platform bearing a [18]crown-6 ether and either two OH functions or two OPr groups at the lower rim have been used to generate donor-acceptor (D-A) dyads incorporating a zinc-porphyrin donor and a free-base porphyrin acceptor. Through-space singlet energy transfer (SET) in the D-A dyads was studied by ...

A new group of porphyrin-fullerene dyads with an azobenzene linker was synthesized, and the photochemical and photophysical properties of these materials were investigated using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. The electrochemical properties of these compounds were also studied in detail. The synthesis involved oxidative heterocoupling of free base ...

In captivity, male bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) frequently express "friendship" toward one another, including affiliative behavior such as huddling, grooming, coalitionary support, and sitting in close proximity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether wild adult male bonnet macaques also express "friendship" by investigating whether or not (1) adult male bonnet macaques have ...

The levels of cooperation and conflict in the relationships of 40 sibling pairs, 11 to 14 years old, were explored from several different perspectives. Ratings of levels of cooperation and conflict in the sibling relationship were obtained from the participants, siblings, and mothers. Amounts of cooperation and conflict were also coded from responses to a projective story test that elicited ...

The fluorescence decay kinetics from a benzonitrile solution of a dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether bridged porphyrin-fullerene dyad has been studied in the presence of a range of metal ions. Dual-exponential fluorescence decay behaviour has been attributed to conformational flexibility of the molecule influencing quenching interactions between the photo-excited ...

This study investigated the behaviour and communication of seven- to eight-year-old children during a dyadic computer task. The children participating were identified by peers as: (1) initiators of bullying ("bullies"); (2) defenders of those victimised ("defenders"); and (3) those who generally do not take on a consistent role in relation to bullying ("non-role" children). Children were ...

We measured turn-taking in terms of hand and head movements and asked if the global rhythm of the participants� body activity relates to word learning. Six dyads composed of parents and toddlers (M = 18 months) interacted in a tabletop task wearing motion-tracking sensors on their hands and head. Parents were instructed to teach the labels of 10 novel ...

We measured turn-taking in terms of hand and head movements and asked if the global rhythm of the participants' body activity relates to word learning. Six dyads composed of parents and toddlers (M = 18 months) interacted in a tabletop task wearing motion-tracking sensors on their hands and head. Parents were instructed to teach the labels of 10 novel ...

We measured turn-taking in terms of hand and head movements and asked if the global rhythm of the participants' body activity relates to word learning. Six dyads composed of parents and toddlers (M=18 months) interacted in a tabletop task wearing motion-tracking sensors on their hands and head. Parents were instructed to teach the labels of 10 novel ...

The vibrational and photophysical properties of mononuclear ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) polypyridyl complexes based on the ligands 2-(5?-(pyridin-2?-yl)-1?H-1?,2?,4?-triaz-3?-yl)-thiophene, 2-(5?-(pyrazin-2?-yl)-1?H-1?,2?,4?-triaz-3?-yl)-thiophene, are reported. The effect of the introduction of the non-innocent thiophene group on the properties of the triazole based ruthenium(II) complex is ...

Four azulene dyads have been synthesized and studied by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. A triarylamine, a boron-dipyrromethene (BDP or BODIPY), a porphyrin, and an isoalloxazine moiety have been linked to an extended ? electron system at the 2-position of azulene, leading to the dyads 1-4, respectively. For the synthesis of 1-4, first ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learning strategy and summarization within a computer-based chemistry and physics program. Students worked individually or in cooperative dyads to complete science instruction; half of them completed summaries over the instructional content when directed to do so. The study examined the effects of learning strategy ...

The behavioral manifestations of social anxiety may have implications for social outcomes. Unfortunately, little is known about how anxiety shapes social interaction. The present study examined social interactions in dyads consisting of either 2 nonsocially anxious (NSA) individuals or 1 socially anxious (SA) and 1 NSA individual. ...

The polarized IVV and depolarized IVH Raman profiles of the Fermi dyad (1285 cm(-1) and 1388 cm(-1)) of supercritical (SC) CO2 have been measured along the isotherms 307, 309, 313, and 323 K in the reduced density range 0.04dyad component shows that each one can be ...

Examined longitudinal associations between infant-parent attachment and parent/toddler behavior during storybook interaction. Found that infants with insecure-resistant attachment with mothers were less enthusiastic and focused during storybook interaction at 24 months. Mothers of insecure-resistant infants were less warm/supportive, and less stimulating ...

Thirty-two mother/infant dyads were randomly assigned to groups provided with routine well-child care and to discussions of either infant social development (intervention treatment) or accident prevention and nutrition (control). Findings revealed more sensitivity, cooperativeness, appropriateness of interaction, and appropriateness of play in the ...

This exploratory study observed seven parent-child dyads reading two online storybooks with branching stories incorporating choice points at which readers choose the path the story would follow. Results indicated that parents and child engaged in many of the same behaviors observed for traditional storybooks and that utterances involved similar levels of abstraction. Typically ...

Reports results of a study analyzing interaction between 21 mothers and fathers and their young mentally disabled children, including short-term stability of features of communication and comparison of dyads involving mothers and fathers. Implications are outlined for interventions to help parents teach their young mentally disabled children. (Author/RH)

. The other side of the room was designed as an interaction environment for the parent-child dyads. The walls development, whereas redirective (i.e., "lead-in") object labels correlate negatively with child language of the present paper is to discover fine-grained patterns of joint hand activities in child-parent social

This study examined young adult grandchildren's self-reports about the influence of grandparent sex on perceived grandparent painful self-disclosure (PSD) as well as their reactions to grandparent dyad PSD. Perceived grandmother and grandfather motivations for "overall" communication were assessed as mediators of young adult grandchildren's discomfort with grandparent ...

Because nitric acid is an important molecular species in the ozone cycle in the upper atmosphere, it has been the subject of many studies in both the infrared and microwave regions of the spectrum. Microwave studies of the rotational spectrum of nitric acid in excited vibration states contribute both to a better understanding of this fundamental molecule and to the construction of accurate ...

The present experiment investigated factors which enhance the salience of group membership and consequent ingroup bias. Subject dyads, who were always white, interacted either competitively or interdependently with either white or black confederate dyads. Ingroup bias was assessed as a function of attraction toward the outgroup ...

Background: The treatment of persisting psychotic symptoms with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBTp) is now established as an evidence-based treatment; however its availability remains limited. We piloted a novel CBTp skills-based group training program for carers. The aim was to reduce service users' auditory hallucinations severity through carers' use of basic CBTp methods in their regular ...

In a previous study of a naproxen dyad in a pair of N-methylimidazoliummethyl menthylether-NTf(2) chiral ionic liquids (J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 7555), we observed that though intramolecular electron transfer was impeded, a consistent small stereodifferentiation in the fluorescence lifetime of the dyad was obtained. We proposed that this discrimination ...

Over 1000 measured line intensities of phosphine (PH3) are reported for the 830 to 1310 cm-1 region that contains the two lowest fundamentals in Coriolis interaction. These measurements are fitted to 1.5% for v2 at 992.13 cm-1 for v4 at 1118.31 cm-1, respectively, using five intensity parameters that include three Herman-Wallis type terms. In addition, some 60 intensities of ...

Twenty working-class mother-toddler dyads were videorecorded during three joint book-reading activities. Ten of the dyads were white, and 10 were African American, balanced for parent educational level, family income, and parental occupation. The children ranged in age from 18 to 30 months and were normally developing. The parents read an experimental book ...

As the number of elderly individuals rises, Alzheimer�s disease (AD), marked by amyloid-? deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and low-level neuroinflammation, is expected to lead to an ever-worsening socioeconomic burden. AD pathoetiologic mechanisms are believed to involve chronic microglial activation. This phenomenon is associated with increased expression of membrane-bound CD40 ...

We investigate the ultrafast resonant energy transfer of a perylene bisimide dyad by pump-probe spectroscopy, chemical variation, and calculations. This dyad undergoes transfer with near-unit quantum efficiency, although the transition dipole moments of the donor and acceptor are in a perfectly orthogonal arrangement to each other in the equilibrium ...

The role of adoptive family dynamics in the etiology of both resilient and adverse developmental outcomes is not well understood. In this study, socio-emotional aspects of the mother-infant relationship were examined in families by adoption and by birth. Matched groups of mothers and their 5-month-old first babies were observed in the home setting. Dyads in the two groups were ...

The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of gender and gender pairing on students' learning performances and knowledge elaboration processes in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). A sample of ninety-six secondary school students, participated in a two-week experiment. Students were randomly paired and asked to solve several moderately structured problems concerning ...

It is well known that calcium-induced calcium-release in cardiac myocytes takes place in spatially restricted regions known as dyads, where discrete patches of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum tightly associate with the t-tubule membrane. The dimensions of a dyad are so small that it contains only a few Ca(2+) ions at any given time. Ca(2+) signaling in ...

A fullerene derivative (5) in which a dinuclear ruthenium complex is covalently linked to a fulleropyrrolidine (FP) through a rigid spacer has been prepared through azomethine ylide cycloaddition to C60. Electrochemical and photophysical studies revealed that ground-state electronic interactions between the bimetallic ruthenium chromophore and the FP moiety are small. The ...

Jobs, social group memberships, or living arrangements lead many people to interact every day with another person from a different racial background. Given that research has shown that interracial interactions are often stressful, it is important to know how these daily interactions unfold across time and what factors contribute to the ...

... Accession Number : ADA040152. Title : An Inequality for Sums of Dyads and Tensors. Descriptive Note : Interim rept.,. Corporate ...

Understanding electronic communication among interacting constituents of multicomponent molecular architectures is important for rational design in diverse fields including artificial photosynthesis and molecular electronics. One strategy for examining ground-state hole/electron transfer in an oxidized tetrapyrrolic array relies on analysis of the hyperfine ...

Stereoselective interaction between a chiral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, namely carprofen (CP), and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied, and the results were compared with those obtained with model dyads. In the presence of albumin the same triplet-triplet transition was detected for both CP stereoisomers; however, time-resolved measurements ...

Human-cat dyads may be similar in interaction structure to human dyads because many humans regard their cats as being social companions. Consequently, we predict that dyadic structure will be contingent on owner and cat personalities, sex, and age as well as duration of cohabitation of the partners. Forty owner-cat ...

The content of parent-child interactions is often used to predict problem behaviors in early childhood. There is a general agreement that interactions characterized as mutually hostile, harsh, permissive, or overcontrolling contribute to a wide spectrum of child psychopathologies. This paper aims to extend this research by shifting the focus of ...

This study describes the general style of interaction between mothers and their chronically ill infants using a dialogic states model. The mother's and infant's vocal and visual behaviors are defined as "communicative acts" and are regarded as the elements of a behavioral dialogue between the pair. Interaction is viewed as a series of four possible dyadic ...

A considerable amount of research has examined factors associated with the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders in children. The familial nature of anxiety has been well-established, with genetic studies showing that approximately 30% of the variance is accounted for by genetic factors. Research into the family environment documents behavioral differences in ...

Noting that joint storybook reading by children and adults provides a context for interactions that promote language development and literacy, this exploratory study examined whether parent-child reading of storybooks online might elicit the same sorts of interaction that have been observed for joint reading of traditional books. Participating in the study ...

The dyads 3, 4, and 6, combining the Bodipy chromophore with a Pt(bpy)(bdt) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate, 3 and 6) or a Pt(bpy)(mnt) (mnt = maleonitriledithiolate, 4) moiety, have been synthesized and studied by UV-vis steady-state absorption, transient absorption, and emission spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry. Comparison of the absorption spectra ...

An electronically push-pull type dimethylaminoazobenzene-fullerene C(60) hybrid was designed and synthesized by tailoring N,N-dimethylaniline as an electron donating auxochrome that intensified charge density on the beta-azonitrogen, and on N-methylfulleropyrrolidine (NMFP) as an electron acceptor at the 4 and 4' positions of the azobenzene moiety, respectively. The absorption and charge transfer ...

Opioid dependent pregnant and post-partum women and their infants are a complex and vulnerable population requiring individualized, comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment. Though methadone maintenance in the setting of comprehensive service provision during pregnancy significantly improves pregnancy outcomes for opioid dependent women, its use has implications for the infant, most notably ...

Photoinduced electron transfer in intramolecularly interacting free-base porphyrin bearing one or four 18-crown-6 ether units at different positions of the porphyrin macrocycle periphery and pristine fullerene was investigated in polar benzonitrile and nonpolar o-dichlorobenzene and toluene solvents. Owing to the presence of two modes of binding, stable ...

The present study investigates the nature of positive engagement (an interpersonal style characterized by attentiveness, warmth, cooperation, and clear communication) in family interactions involving at least one adolescent. Approximately 400 families (mothers, fathers, and two siblings) were videotaped during brief conflict-resolution discussions that occurred on a yearly ...

Given the current state of science education Cultural Historical theory appears promising in clarifying how students' social context advances the understanding of science concepts and shapes their attitude toward science. The purpose of the study was to focus on how children's development in science is assisted by both home and school interactions and to understand the ...

The systematic development of reduced low-dimensional stochastic climate models from observations or comprehensive high-dimensional climate models is an important topic for atmospheric low-frequency variability, climate sensitivity, and improved extended range forecasting. Here techniques from applied mathematics are utilized to systematically derive normal forms for reduced stochastic climate ...

Pre-term birth has a significant impact on infants' social and emotional competence, however, little is known about regulatory processes in pre-term mother-infant dyads during normal or stressful interactions. The primary goals of this study were to investigate the differences in infant and caregiver interactive behaviour and dyadic ...

Pre-term birth has a significant impact on infants' social and emotional competence, however, little is known about regulatory processes in pre-term mother-infant dyads during normal or stressful interactions. The primary goals of this study were to investigate the differences in infant and caregiver interactive behaviour and dyadic ...

Grade three students had significant improvements in inquiry ability and attitude toward school science as a function of their participation in mixed-age dyads completing inquiry-based science experiments with a high school physics partner. The social interaction between the 'more capable other' (Vygotsky, 1978) with the grade three student in the ...

The present study examined how adolescents' and their romantic partners' romantic working models and relational styles were related to their interactions with each other. Sixty-five couples (M age = 18.1 years) were observed interacting. Romantic working models were assessed in interviews about their romantic experiences; romantic styles were assessed by ...

This qualitative study describes the physical and verbal interactions of rural children and their parents regarding reading books aloud. The participants' attitudes and beliefs about sharing storybooks are also explored. The theoretical framework is based upon Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model. One interview was conducted with each participant and video recorded. An ...

Musical ensemble performance is a form of joint action that requires highly precise yet flexible interpersonal action coordination. To maintain synchrony during expressive passages that contain tempo variations, musicians presumably anticipate the sounds that will be produced by their co-performers. Our previous studies revealed that individuals differ in their ability to predict upcoming event ...

In this study we investigate how prior knowledge influences knowledge development during collaborative discovery learning. Fifteen dyads of students (pre-university education, 15-16 years old) worked on a discovery learning task in the physics field of kinematics. The (face-to-face) communication between students was recorded and the interaction with the ...

The boron dipyrrin (Bodipy) chromophore was combined with either a free-base or a Zn porphyrin moiety (H(2)P and ZnP respectively), via an easy synthesis involving a cyanuric chloride bridging unit, yielding dyads Bodipy-H(2)P (4) and Bodipy-ZnP (5). The photophysical properties of Bodipy-H(2)P (4) and Bodipy-ZnP (5) were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and emission ...

We studied the association in dietary intakes and patterns between parents (aged 20�65 years) and their children (aged 2�18 years), using nationally representative data collected by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals 1994�96. We analyzed two 24-h recall dietary data for 1061 fathers, 1230 mothers, 1370 sons and 1322 daughters. All ...

The goal of the present study was to compare the conversational language skills and interactions of four children who are d/hh and who received cochlear implants (CI) prior to the age of four years with four typically hearing peers matched for age, gender, teacher perceived language ability and race. This exploratory, descriptive study was completed employing a quantitative ...

This study examined gender differences in interactional style between parents and children, focusing on gender socialization and emotional expression. The subjects were 38 mother-child and father-child dyads from intact families, of which about 75 percent were Caucasian; 15 percent, Hispanic; and 10 percent, African American or Asian. Parents completed the ...

Many prior studies conducted in museums have focused primarily on exhibits as the main objects for learning. Less progress has been made in studying signage as another meaning-making tool in museums. The present study was designed to understand the role of signage in family learning by answering the following research questions, "How does signage about exhibit content or ...

Mother-infant interaction creates a context for socioemotional, behavioral, and cognitive development. This study used the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NCAFS) and the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) to examine mother-infant interaction in Japanese dyads. Subjects were residing in Hikkaido, Japan, and ...

This study compared the speech of fathers and mothers to young children in the age ranges of 19-29-months and 32-43-months. Audio tape recordings were made of the verbal interactions of 20 father-daughter dyads and 20 mother-daughter dyads while engaged in free play in the family home. Using verbatim transcripts of the sessions, the ...

Cultural variation in durations, relations, and contingencies of mother-infant person- and object-directed behaviors were examined for 121 nonmigrant Latino mother-infant dyads in South America, Latina immigrants from South America and their infants living in the United States, and European American mother-infant dyads. Nonmigrant Latina mothers and ...

This study examines the role that context plays in links between relative balance, or mutuality in parent-child interaction and children's social competence. Sixty-three toddlers and their parents were observed in a laboratory play session and caregiving activity (i.e. eating snack). Mutuality was operationalised as the relative balance in (a) partners' compliance to ...

This study examined the relationship between early maternal knowledge of child development and later quality of parenting behaviors. Differences by race/ethnic group were also examined. Mother-infant dyads (N=378) participated in the study. Mothers completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI) when the infant was 2-4 months, and mother-toddler ...

The authors adapted an experimental design to examine effects of instruction prior to entry into a children's museum exhibit on caregiver-child interactions and children's learning. One hundred twenty-one children (mean age = 6.6 years) and their caregivers were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 conditions that varied according to what, if any, preexhibit instruction the ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of informal cooperative learning and the affiliation motive on achievement, attitude, and student interactions. Participants classified as high or low need for affiliation used either an informal cooperative learning strategy or an individual strategy while receiving information, examples, practice and feedback from an ...

Objectives?This study evaluates the usability and feasibility of a Web-based intervention (Web-MAP) to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to adolescents with chronic pain and their parents.?Methods?The Web site was evaluated in two stages. In stage one, recovered adolescents and parents (n = 5 dyads), who had completed office-based CBT through a pediatric pain ...

). It is shown that the Coriolis effects eventually become dominant; even for small C, Coriolis effects the Coriolis effects into the modelling of that flow and to understand their major influence. Loosely speaking large, and hence viscous effects need not be incorporated. In a current in a rotating system Coriolis

Research on determinants of parenting behavior has traditionally focused on parents' goals and beliefs about child rearing or on the effect of parents' own attachment experiences. In an effort to relate these two approaches, a study was conducted to examine parent behaviors and attitudes in 94 parent-child dyads. Dyads consisted of 20 fathers and 74 ...

This paper describes and experimentally demonstrates the main tenets of an operant theory of leadership. Leadership is characterized in the current paper as involving problem solving operant behavior (Cerutti, 1989; Skinner, 1969) in a social context (Skinner, 1953). The theory was assessed under two experimental analogs modeled from generic formal organizational bureaucratic leader-follower role ...

This study tests the main and interactive effects of belongingness and perceived charismatic leadership on 2 forms of organizational citizenship behavior (helping and compliance). In line with expectations, a study of 115 manager-subordinate dyads demonstrates that employees show more helping (manager rated) when they have a stronger sense of belongingness ...

More than 15 years ago, survival or hazard regression analyses were introduced to psychology (W. Gardner & W. A. Griffin, 1989; W. A. Griffin & W. Gardner, 1989) as powerful methodological tools for studying real time social interaction processes among dyads. Almost no additional published applications have appeared, although such data are commonly ...

Shared book reading in families is strongly linked with successful school literacy and thus with identity, belonging and participation in literate societies. From an "emergent" perspective, literacy is recognised as beginning from birth. However, despite exceptions such as research into the UK program, "Bookstart", most research into shared book reading does not focus on babies. In this paper, I ...

This research was designed to examine the quality of children's aesthetic understanding of photographs, observe social interactions between parents and children in this aesthetic domain, and study whether qualitatively different dyadic interactions were associated with children's own aesthetic understanding. Parents and children (7-13 years; 40 ...

This research was designed to examine the quality of children's aesthetic understanding of photographs, observe social interactions between parents and children in this aesthetic domain, and study whether qualitatively different dyadic interactions were associated with children's own aesthetic understanding. Parents and children (7-13 years; 40 ...

Turkish mothers' self-efficacy beliefs and their interactional behaviors with their children with language delays are described and explored. Participants included 19 mother-child dyads. Mothers' interaction with their children with language delays was videotaped for 30 minutes in a free-play context. Regarding mothers' ...

Understanding hole/electron-transfer processes among interacting constituents of multicomponent molecular architectures is central to the fields of artificial photosynthesis and molecular electronics. One strategy for examining ground-state hole/electron transfer in oxidized tetrapyrrolic arrays entails analysis of the hyperfine interactions observed in ...

The concept of dyad is defined as the least common generalization of monads and co-monads. So, taking some of the ingredients to be the identity, the concept specializes to the concept of monad, and taking other ingredients to be the identity it specializ...

surface impedance spectral dyad is uniquely spec-. ied by the boundary conditions of the problem .... there are no values for the surface impedance dyad ...

Background: Cooperative learning may help students elaborate upon problem information through interpersonal discourse, and this may provoke a higher level of thinking. Interaction stimulates students to put forward and order their thoughts, and to understand the ideas or questions of their peer learner. However, partner gender is an important variable in cooperative learning. ...

Background: Prematurity and perinatal insults lead to increased developmental vulnerability. The home-based Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program (IBAIP) was designed to improve development of preterm infants. In a multicenter randomized controlled trial the effect of IBAIP on mother-infant interaction was studied as a secondary outcome. Method: Mother-infant ...

The interaction of photons with molecules can cause simple acts, such as a change in the molecular structure (isomerization), which can be exploited. For example, solar energy can be converted into chemical energy by transforming norbornadiene into its higher energy quadricyclane isomer. Supramolecular organization can be attained by intermolecular forces of various type ...

Considering the mother-child relationship as the first in which culturally-related interdependence or independence is learned, this study examined whether the interdependency hypothesis holds for the mother-child relationship in Indonesia. The study focused on the quality of the mother-child relationship, children's daily social interactions, and contextual characteristics of ...

Ethylene is a naturally occurring compound in ambient air that affects atmospheric chemistry and global climate. The C_2H_4 spectrum is available in databases only for the 1000 and 3000 Cm-1 ranges. In this work, the ethylene absorption spectrum was measured in the 6030-6250 Cm-1 range with the use of a high resolution Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier-spectrometer and a two-channel opto-acoustic ...

This article reports the use of a computer-based collaborative learning instruction designed to help students develop understanding of image formation by lenses. The study aims to investigate how students, working in dyads and mediated by multimedia computer-assisted learning (CAL) programs, construct shared knowledge and understanding. The subjects were a class of 36 ...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the psychological responses to caregiving between black and white dementia caregivers measured by self-reports of depressive symptoms evaluating the impact of sub-components of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and residential arrangements of the caregiving dyad. The method included 87 intergenerational ...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the psychological responses to caregiving between black and white dementia caregivers measured by self-reports of depressive symptoms evaluating the impact of sub-components of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and residential arrangements of the caregiving dyad. The method included 87 intergenerational ...

Histone post-translational modifications are essential for regulating and facilitating biological processes such as RNA transcription and DNA repair. Fifteen modifications are located in the DNA-histone dyad interface and include the acetylation of H3-K115 (H3-K115Ac) and H3-K122 (H3-K122Ac), but the functional consequences of these modifications are unknown. We have prepared ...

The study objective was to evaluate the quality of parent-child interactions in preschool-aged children exposed prenatally to cocaine. African-American mothers and their full-term newborns (n = 343) were enrolled prospectively at birth and classified as either prenatally cocaine-exposed (n = 157) or non�cocaine-exposed (n = 186) on the basis of maternal self-report and ...

Despite prompts from the field of family therapy since its inception, contemporary infant mental health theory and practice remain firmly rooted in and guided by dyadic-based models. Over the past 10 years, a groundswell of new empirical studies of triadic and family group dynamics during infancy have substantiated that which family theory has contended for decades: looking beyond mother-infant or ...

This report discusses the outcomes of a project that investigated whether the Multiple Intelligences (MI) model could be used to address specific problems in learning in special population classrooms. Dyads were created in which two students were paired together who displayed opposite strengths and weaknesses on the eight independent multiple intelligences. Initially, one ...

This study of 62 dyads of employees (N = 124) examined the crossover of work engagement-a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. We hypothesized that work engagement crosses over from an employee (the actor) to his or her colleague (the partner) on a daily basis. The frequency of daily communication was ...

The effects of three teaching styles in Mosston's Spectrum of Teaching Styles were examined in terms of the motor skill acquisition and social skill development of 96 randomly selected fifth grade students, who were taught a hockey accuracy task. Performance data were collected prior to, midway through, and following training and were analyzed: (1) within treatment groups to determine if learning ...

We have identified in an intron of an X. laevis alpha-tubulin gene a member of a novel family of short (226-431 bp) interspersed repetitive elements. We have isolated other members of this family, which we term Ocr, from ovary cDNA and genome libraries and have identified another two in the published sequences of an H1B histone gene cluster and an actin gene intron. The termini of the Ocr elements ...

Two purposes guided this mixed-methods investigation of the collaborative mentoring of teachers in a large school system in the south-eastern United States. The first was to examine collaborative mentoring as unstructured peer-to-peer coaching that emerged spontaneously as teachers shared experiences about effectively teaching English language learners (ELLs). The second was to examine how ...

This study used a cross-national framework to examine country, region, and gender differences in emotional availability (EA), a prominent index of mutual socioemotional adaptation in the parent-child dyad. Altogether 220 Argentine, Italian, and U.S. mothers and their daughters and sons from both rural and metropolitan areas took part in home observations when the children were ...

Background: A pervasive failure to attend and respond to emotionally salient stimuli is a core feature of psychopathy. We hypothesise that this begins early in life and is expressed most importantly as a failure to attend to core emotional features (viz., the eyes) of attachment figures. The current study tested whether impaired eye contact is a characteristic of children with antisocial behaviour ...

Although most eating occurs in a social context, the impact of peer influence on child food consumption and selection of healthy and unhealthy snacks has not been the object of systematic experimental study. The present experiment assessed the effects of peer interaction on energy intake and food choices in 18 overweight and 21 non-overweight youth. Participants had access to ...

Fourteen nursing home residents on a dementia special care unit at a skilled nursing facility took part in one-to-one intergenerational programming (IGP) with 15 preschool children from the facility�s on-site child care center. Montessori-based activities served as the interface for interactions between dyads. The amount of time residents demonstrated ...

In many contemporary collaborative inquiry learning environments, chat is being used as a means for communication. Still, it remains an open issue whether chat communication is an appropriate means to support the deep reasoning process students need to perform in such environments. Purpose of the present study was to compare the impact of chat versus face-to-face communication on performance ...

Working with digital video technologies, particularly advanced video tools with editing capabilities, offers new prospects for meaningful learning through design. However, it is also possible that the additional complexity of such tools does "not" advance learning. We compared in an experiment the design processes and learning outcomes of 24 collaborating participant pairs ...

Prenatal cocaine and opiate exposure are thought to subtly compromise social and emotional development. The authors observed a large sample of 236 cocaine-exposed and 459 nonexposed infants (49 were opiate exposed and 646 nonexposed) with their mothers in the face-to-face still-face paradigm. Infant and maternal behaviors were microanalytically coded. No opiate-exposure effects were detected. ...

One parallel between humans and most songbirds is the fact that young require social interactions with an adult to acquire specific vocalizations. Songbirds are considered good models for comparative studies, although reports to date concern almost exclusively male songbirds. In addition, adult influence on vocal communication is generally investigated only in restricted ...

This study examined the developmental significance of adult attachment security--as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview--for romantic relationship functioning concurrently and approximately 1 year later in a sample of heterosexual dating couples between the ages of 18 and 25 (115 dyads at Time 1 [T1] and 57 dyads at T2, 74% White). The authors ...

This study of 282 dyads examines early- and mid-adolescents� perceptions of friendship quality and their association with daily disagreements, self- and mother reports of behaviour problems, and school grades. Actor and partner analyses identify unique associations between perceptions of friendship quality and perceptions of daily conflict. Actor effects reveal links between ...

This study examined the relative ability of selected person variables (interpersonal self-efficacy, self-control, attitudes about the effect of condoms on sex, normative beliefs) and interpersonal-situational variables (partner preference, partner serostatus) to explain gay and bisexual males' (N = 267) condom use during insertive and receptive intercourse. Partner preference accounted for a large ...

Methodological and statistical challenges have been identified in family research when the parental dyad is under study. The purposes of this article are to review the literature on methodological and statistical procedures in research on families, and to introduce an analysis technique that is new to the nursing literature, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM). The ...

This research examined whether parents' and children's perceptions of one another have reciprocal self-fulfilling effects on each other's behavior. Parents and their adolescent children completed self-report surveys and engaged in dyadic videotaped interaction tasks. The surveys assessed mothers', fathers', and children's perceptions of their own and the other's hostility and ...

This study examined the role of inhibitory control (measured by Stroop interference) in children's cooperative behaviors during a structured puzzle task. The sample consisted of 250 8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds (117 girls and 133 boys) attending classrooms in three primary schools in Northern Italy. Children individually completed an elaborated Stroop task, were paired with classmates into 125 ...

This study examined the role of inhibitory control (measured by Stroop interference) in children's cooperative behaviors during a structured puzzle task. The sample consisted of 250 8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds (117 girls and 133 boys) attending classrooms in three primary schools in Northern Italy. Children individually completed an elaborated Stroop task, were paired with classmates into 125 ...

Research on error management theory indicates that men tend to overestimate women's sexual interest and women underestimate men's interest in committed relationships (Haselton & Buss, 2000). We test the assumptions of the theory in face-to-face, stranger interactions with 111 man-woman dyads. Support for the theory emerges, but potential boundary ...

Siblings represent an important social influence on alcohol use in adolescence. That said, there is a need for studies that examine potential mechanisms by which siblings exert an influence on the likelihood of drinking in adolescence. This paper illustrates a method that utilizes videotaped interaction between sibling dyads along with a micro social ...

Siblings represent an important social influence on alcohol use in adolescence. That said, there is a need for studies that examine potential mechanisms by which siblings exert an influence on the likelihood of drinking in adolescence. This paper illustrates a method that utilizes videotaped interaction between sibling dyads along with a micro social ...

Hypotheses were tested about how moment-by-moment variation in mothers' negative emotion predicts harsh and lax discipline. Mother�toddler dyads interacted in a task designed to elicit challenging child behavior. Mothers viewed videotapes of their interactions and continuously rated their experienced emotion. Harsh discipline was ...

Robert Carson's principle of complementarity asserts that the behavioral styles of interaction partners tend to complement each other by encouraging individuals to act opposite in terms of dominance and similar in terms of warmth. The principles of complementarity further hypothesize that as relationships progress through multiple interactions, the ...

Within the last 20 yr, heterodox medicine has become increasingly popular in western societies. Critics and advocates argue that the physician-patient relationship is a key factor to this success. This study which is based on 20 semi-structured interviews with homeopathic physicians in Berlin questions the notion of a purely consensual interaction. While we can find a certain ...

This study investigated dopamine receptor genes ("DRD2" and "DRD4") and maternal sensitivity as predictors of infant respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and RSA reactivity, purported indices of vagal tone and vagal regulation, in a challenge task at 3, 6, and 12 months in 173 infant-mother dyads. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) revealed that at 3 and 6 months, RSA withdrawal ...

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to test whether increasing the exposure to coaching by adding an in-home component to clinic-delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) will increase the speed of parenting skill acquisition and show greater improvements in children's behaviors and parental stress. Methods: Seventy-three parent-child dyads ...

This pilot study of 23 mothers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their offspring with ADHD examined the effects of maternal stimulant medication on observed interactions. Parent-child interactions were observed using a structured protocol before and after mothers underwent a 5-week, double-blind stimulant titration. Despite dramatic ...

This experiment examined the effect of video-game violence on cooperative decision making. Participants (N= 48) were randomly assigned to play either a violent or a nonviolent version of the video game Doom in dyads. Following the video-game task, participants were separated and given an opportunity to choose to cooperate with their partner for mutual gain, withdraw from the ...

The study reported here investigates collaborative learning at the computer. Ten pairs of students were presented with a series of comprehension questions about Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein or a Modern Prometheus" along with a CD-ROM, "Frankenstein Illuminated," containing the novel and a variety of source material. Five students worked with an interface based on a behaviorist model of ...

Computer-supported collaborative learning has an unexploited potential of becoming an effective learning method for pupils with intellectual disabilities. This paper aims at showing how some specific requirements of this target group may be met by structuring a learning situation with the help of "floor control," which restricts the opportunities of a learning dyad to act ...

The new area of nematic colloidal systems (or nematic emulsions) has been greatly guided by the fruitful analogy between the colloidal nematostatics and electrostatics. The elastic charge density representation of the colloidal nematostatics [V. M. Pergamenshchik and V. O. Uzunova, Eur. Phys. J. E 23, 161 (2007); Phys. Rev. E 76, 011707 (2007)] develops this analogy at the level of charge density ...

This study examined the relation between mothers' positive and negative interaction behaviors during mother-child interactions and the emotion regulation (ER) and depressive symptoms of their adolescent offspring. Event-planning (EPI) and problem-solving interactions (PSI) were observed in 163 mother-adolescent ...

A study investigated whether, when second language learners engage in second-language interaction, opportunities to comprehend and produce the second language are conditioned by their gender and/or the correspondence between their gender and that of the interlocutor. The interactions of a native speaker (NS) and a non-native speaker (NNS) in same- and ...

The first phase of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), called child-directed interaction, teaches parents to use positive and differential social attention to improve the parent-child relationship. This study examined predictors of change in mother and child functioning during the child-directed interaction for 100 mother-child ...

A microanalysis of 4-month mother-infant face-to-face communication revealed a fine-grained specification of communication processes that predicted 12-month insecure attachment outcomes, particularly resistant and disorganized classifications. An urban community sample of 84 dyads were videotaped at 4 months during a face-to-face interaction, and at 12 ...

... quaternions. Towards this end, the quaternion transformation is related to both matrix and dyad transformations. Quaternion ...