Sample records for cai tien giong

  1. CAI Update: So You Want to Do CAI?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bagley, Carole

    1979-01-01

    Provides necessary characteristics to consider when selecting a CAI system plus a list of costs and capabilities available with the better known CAI systems. Characteristics of major CAI systems are presented in three categories--large/maxi, mini, and micro systems--in chart form. (JEG)

  2. CAI and Developmental Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Anderson, Rick

    This paper discusses the problems and achievements of computer assisted instruction (CAI) projects at University College, University of Cincinnati. The most intensive use of CAI on campus, the CAI Lab, is part of the Developmental Education Center's effort to serve students who lack mastery of basic college-level skills in mathematics and English.…

  3. Copyright and CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kearsley, G.P.; Hunka, S.

    The application of copyright laws to Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is not a simple matter of extending traditional literary practices because of the legal complications introduced by the use of computers to store and reproduce materials. In addition, CAI courseware poses some new problems for the definitions of educational usage. Some…

  4. Experience with the CAIS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tighe, Michael F.

    1986-01-01

    Intermetrics' experience is that the Ada package construct, which allows separation of specification and implementation allows specification of a CAIS that is transportable across varying hardware and software bases. Additionally, the CAIS is an excellent basis for providing operating system functionality to Ada applications. By allowing the Byron APSE to be moved easily from system to system, and allowing significant re-writes of underlying code. Ada and the CAIS provide portability as well as transparency to change at the application operating system interface level.

  5. CAI System Costs: Present and Future.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pressman, Israel; Rosenbloom, Bruce

    1984-01-01

    Discusses costs related to providing computer assisted instruction (CAI), considering hardware, software, user training, maintenance, and installation. Provides an example of the total cost of CAI broken down into these categories, giving an adjusted yearly cost. Projects future trends and costs of CAI as well as cost savings possibilities. (JM)

  6. Astrophysics of CAI formation as revealed by silicon isotope LA-MC-ICPMS of an igneous CAI

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shahar, Anat; Young, Edward D.

    2007-05-01

    Silicon isotope ratios of a typical CAI from the Leoville carbonaceous chondrite, obtained in situ by laser ablation MC-ICPMS, together with existing 25Mg/ 24Mg data, reveal a detailed picture of the astrophysical setting of CAI melting and subsequent heating. Models for the chemical and isotopic effects of evaporation of the molten CAI are used to produce a univariant relationship between PH 2 and time during melting. The result shows that this CAI was molten for a cumulative time of no more than 70 days and probably less than 15 days depending on temperature. The object could have been molten for an integrated time of just a few hours if isotope ratio zoning was eliminated after melting by high subsolidus temperatures (e.g., > 1300 K) for ˜ 500 yr. In all cases subsolidus heating sufficient to produce diffusion-limited isotope fractionation at the margin of the solidified CAI is required. These stable isotope data point to a two-stage history for this igneous CAI involving melting for a cumulative timescale of hours to months followed by subsolidus heating for years to hundreds of years. The thermobarometric history deduced from combining Si and Mg isotope ratio data implicates thermal processing in the disk, perhaps by passage through shockwaves, following melting. This study underscores the direct link between the meaning of stable isotope ratio zoning, or lack thereof, and the inferred astrophysical setting of melting and subsequent processing of CAIs.

  7. Numerical simulation and validation of SI-CAI hybrid combustion in a CAI/HCCI gasoline engine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Xinyan; Xie, Hui; Xie, Liyan; Zhang, Lianfang; Li, Le; Chen, Tao; Zhao, Hua

    2013-02-01

    SI-CAI hybrid combustion, also known as spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI), is a promising concept to extend the operating range of CAI (Controlled Auto-Ignition) and achieve the smooth transition between spark ignition (SI) and CAI in the gasoline engine. In this study, a SI-CAI hybrid combustion model (HCM) has been constructed on the basis of the 3-Zones Extended Coherent Flame Model (ECFM3Z). An ignition model is included to initiate the ECFM3Z calculation and induce the flame propagation. In order to precisely depict the subsequent auto-ignition process of the unburned fuel and air mixture independently after the initiation of flame propagation, the tabulated chemistry concept is adopted to describe the auto-ignition chemistry. The methodology for extracting tabulated parameters from the chemical kinetics calculations is developed so that both cool flame reactions and main auto-ignition combustion can be well captured under a wider range of thermodynamic conditions. The SI-CAI hybrid combustion model (HCM) is then applied in the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3-D CFD) engine simulation. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained from a single cylinder VVA engine. The detailed analysis of the simulations demonstrates that the SI-CAI hybrid combustion process is characterised with the early flame propagation and subsequent multi-site auto-ignition around the main flame front, which is consistent with the optical results reported by other researchers. Besides, the systematic study of the in-cylinder condition reveals the influence mechanism of the early flame propagation on the subsequent auto-ignition.

  8. Maxi CAI with a Micro.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gerhold, George; And Others

    This paper describes an effective microprocessor-based CAI system which has been repeatedly tested by a large number of students and edited accordingly. Tasks not suitable for microprocessor based systems (authoring, testing, and debugging) were handled on larger multi-terminal systems. This approach requires that the CAI language used on the…

  9. CAI at CSDF: Organizational Strategies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Irwin, Margaret G.

    1982-01-01

    The computer assisted instruction (CAI) program at the California School for the Deaf, at Fremont, features individual Apple computers in classrooms as well as in CAI labs. When the whole class uses computers simultaneously, the teacher can help individuals, identify group weaknesses, note needs of the materials, and help develop additional CAI…

  10. A risk management approach to CAIS development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hart, Hal; Kerner, Judy; Alden, Tony; Belz, Frank; Tadman, Frank

    1986-01-01

    The proposed DoD standard Common APSE Interface Set (CAIS) was developed as a framework set of interfaces that will support the transportability and interoperability of tools in the support environments of the future. While the current CAIS version is a promising start toward fulfilling those goals and current prototypes provide adequate testbeds for investigations in support of completing specifications for a full CAIS, there are many reasons why the proposed CAIS might fail to become a usable product and the foundation of next-generation (1990'S) project support environments such as NASA's Space Station software support environment. The most critical threats to the viability and acceptance of the CAIS include performance issues (especially in piggybacked implementations), transportability, and security requirements. To make the situation worse, the solution to some of these threats appears to be at conflict with the solutions to others.

  11. The Screen Display Syntax for CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Richards, Boyd F.; Salisbury, David F.

    1987-01-01

    Describes four storyboard techniques frequently used in designing computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs, and explains screen display syntax (SDS), a new technique combining the major advantages of the storyboard techniques. SDS was developed to facilitate communication among designers, programmers, and editors working on a large CAI basic…

  12. CAI: Its Cost and Its Role.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pressman, Israel; Rosenbloom, Bruce

    1984-01-01

    Describes and evaluates costs of hardware, software, training, and maintenance for computer assisted instruction (CAI) as they relate to total system cost. An example of an educational system provides an illustration of CAI cost analysis. Future developments, cost effectiveness, affordability, and applications in public and private environments…

  13. Implications of Windowing Techniques for CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heines, Jesse M.; Grinstein, Georges G.

    This paper discusses the use of a technique called windowing in computer assisted instruction to allow independent control of functional areas in complex CAI displays and simultaneous display of output from a running computer program and coordinated instructional material. Two obstacles to widespread use of CAI in computer science courses are…

  14. NALDA (Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis) CAI (computer aided instruction)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Handler, B.H.; France, P.A.; Frey, S.C.

    Data Systems Engineering Organization (DSEO) personnel developed a prototype computer aided instruction CAI system for the Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis (NALDA) system. The objective of this project was to provide a CAI prototype that could be used as an enhancement to existing NALDA training. The CAI prototype project was performed in phases. The task undertaken in Phase I was to analyze the problem and the alternative solutions and to develop a set of recommendations on how best to proceed. The findings from Phase I are documented in Recommended CAI Approach for the NALDA System (Duncan et al., 1987). Inmore » Phase II, a structured design and specifications were developed, and a prototype CAI system was created. A report, NALDA CAI Prototype: Phase II Final Report, was written to record the findings and results of Phase II. NALDA CAI: Recommendations for an Advanced Instructional Model, is comprised of related papers encompassing research on computer aided instruction CAI, newly developing training technologies, instructional systems development, and an Advanced Instructional Model. These topics were selected because of their relevancy to the CAI needs of NALDA. These papers provide general background information on various aspects of CAI and give a broad overview of new technologies and their impact on the future design and development of training programs. The paper within have been index separately elsewhere.« less

  15. The Evolutionary Development of CAI Hardware.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stifle, John E.

    After six years of research in computer assisted instruction (CAI) using PLATO III, a decision was made at the University of Illinois to develop a larger system as a national CAI resource. This document describes the design specifications and problems in the development of PLATO IV, a system which is capable of accomodating up to 4,000 terminals…

  16. Creation and Distribution of CAIs in the Protoplanetary Nebula

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cuzzi, J. N.; Davis, S. S.; Dobrovolskis, A. R.

    2003-01-01

    CaAl rich refractory mineral inclusions (CAIs) found at 1 - 10% mass fraction in primitive chondrites appear to be several million years older than the dominant (chondrule) components in the same parent bodies. A prevalent concern is that it is difficult to retain CAIs for this long against gas-drag-induced radial drift into the sun. We assess a hot inner (turbulent) nebula context for CAI formation, using analytical models of nebula evolution and particle diffusion. We show that outward radial diffusion in a weakly turbulent nebula can prevent significant numbers of CAI-size particles from being lost into the sun for times of 1 - 3 x 10(exp 6) years. To match the CAI abundances quantitatively, we advocate an enhancement of the inner hot nebula in silicate-forming material, due to rapid inward migration of very primitive, silicate and carbon rich, meter-sized objects. 'Combustion' of the carbon into CO would make the CAI formation environment more reduced than solar, as certain observations imply. Abundant CO might also play a role in mass-independent chemical fractionation of oxygen isotopes as seen in CAIs and associated primitive, high-temperature condensates.

  17. Computers for Your Classroom: CAI and CMI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomas, David B.; Bozeman, William C.

    1981-01-01

    The availability of compact, low-cost computer systems provides a means of assisting classroom teachers in the performance of their duties. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and computer-managed instruction (CMI) are two applications of computer technology with which school administrators should become familiar. CAI is a teaching medium in which…

  18. Research on TRIZ and CAIs Application Problems for Technology Innovation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xiangdong; Li, Qinghai; Bai, Zhonghang; Geng, Lixiao

    In order to realize application of invent problem solve theory (TRIZ) and computer aided innovation software (CAIs) , need to solve some key problems, such as the mode choice of technology innovation, establishment of technology innovation organization network(TION), and achievement of innovative process based on TRIZ and CAIs, etc.. This paper shows that the demands for TRIZ and CAIs according to the characteristics and existing problem of the manufacturing enterprises. Have explained that the manufacturing enterprises need to set up an open TION of enterprise leading type, and achieve the longitudinal cooperation innovation with institution of higher learning. The process of technology innovation based on TRIZ and CAIs has been set up from researching and developing point of view. Application of TRIZ and CAIs in FY Company has been summarized. The application effect of TRIZ and CAIs has been explained using technology innovation of the close goggle valve product.

  19. CAIs in Semarkona (LL3.0)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mishra, R. K.; Simon, J. I.; Ross, D. K.; Marhas, K. K.

    2016-01-01

    Calcium, Aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the first forming solids of the Solar system. Their observed abundance, mean size, and mineralogy vary quite significantly between different groups of chondrites. These differences may reflect the dynamics and distinct cosmochemical conditions present in the region(s) of the protoplanetary disk from which each type likely accreted. Only about 11 such objects have been found in L and LL type while another 57 have been found in H type ordinary chondrites, compared to thousands in carbonaceous chondrites. At issue is whether the rare CAIs contained in ordinary chondrites truly reflect a distinct population from the inclusions commonly found in other chondrite types. Semarkona (LL3.00) (fall, 691 g) is the most pristine chondrite available in our meteorite collection. Here we report petrography and mineralogy of 3 CAIs from Semarkona

  20. The Effect of CAI on Reading Achievement.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hardman, Regina

    A study determined whether computer assisted instruction (CAI) had an effect on students' reading achievement. Subjects were 21 randomly selected fourth-grade students at D. S. Wentworth Elementary School on the south side of Chicago in a low-income neighborhood who received a year's exposure to a CAI program, and 21 randomly selected students at…

  1. Evaluation Criteria for Micro-CAI: A Psychometric Approach

    PubMed Central

    Wallace, Douglas; Slichter, Mark; Bolwell, Christine

    1985-01-01

    The increased use of microcomputer-based instructional programs has resulted in a greater need for third-party evaluation of the software. This in turn has prompted the development of micro-CAI evaluation tools. The present project sought to develop a prototype instrument to assess the impact of CAI program presentation characteristics on students. Data analysis and scale construction was conducted using standard item reliability analyses and factor analytic techniques. Adequate subscale reliabilities and factor structures were found, suggesting that a psychometric approach to CAI evaluation may possess some merit. Efforts to assess the utility of the resultant instrument are currently underway.

  2. O, Mg, and Si isotope distributions in the complex ultrarefractory CAI Efremovka 101.1: Assimilation of ultrarefractory, FUN, and regular CAI precursors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aléon, Jérôme; Marin-Carbonne, Johanna; McKeegan, Kevin D.; El Goresy, Ahmed

    2018-07-01

    Oxygen, magnesium, and silicon isotopic compositions in the mineralogically complex, ultrarefractory (UR) calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) E101.1 from the reduced CV3 chondrite Efremovka confirm that E101.1 is a compound CAI composed of several lithological units that were once individual CAIs, free-floating in the solar protoplanetary disk. Each precursor unit was found to have had its own thermal history prior to being captured and incorporated into the partially molten host CAI. Four major lithological units can be distinguished on the basis of their isotopic compositions. (1) Al-diopside-rich sinuous fragments, hereafter sinuous pyroxene, are 16O-rich (Δ17O ≤ -20‰) and have light Mg and Si isotopic compositions with mass fractionation down to -3.5‰/amu for both isotopic systems. We attribute these peculiar isotopic compositions to kinetic effects during condensation out of thermal equilibrium. (2) Spinel clusters are 16O-rich (Δ17O ∼ -22‰) and have Mg isotope systematics consistent with extensive equilibration with the host melt. This includes (i) δ25Mg values varying between + 2.6‰ and + 6.5‰ close to the typical value of host melilite at ∼+5‰, and (ii) evidence for exchange of radiogenic 26Mg with adjacent melilite as indicated by Al/Mg systematics. The spinel clusters may represent fine-grained spinel-rich proto-CAIs captured, partially melted, and recrystallized in the host melt. Al/Mg systematics indicate that both the sinuous pyroxene fragments and spinel clusters probably had canonical or near-canonical 26Al contents before partial equilibration. (3) The main CAI host (Δ17O ≤ -2‰) had a complex thermal history partially obscured by subsequent capture and assimilation events. Its formation, referred to as the "cryptic" stage, could have resulted from the partial melting and crystallization of a 16O-rich precursor that underwent 16O-depletion and a massive evaporation event characteristic of F and FUN CAIs (Fractionated with

  3. Oxygen Isotope Measurements of a Rare Murchison Type A CAI and Its Rim

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Matzel, J. E. P.; Simon, J. I.; Hutcheon, I. D.; Jacobsen, B.; Simon, S. B.; Grossman, L.

    2013-01-01

    Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from CV chondrites commonly show oxygen isotope heterogeneity among different mineral phases within individual inclusions reflecting the complex history of CAIs in both the solar nebula and/or parent bodies. The degree of isotopic exchange is typically mineral-specific, yielding O-16-rich spinel, hibonite and pyroxene and O-16-depleted melilite and anorthite. Recent work demonstrated large and systematic variations in oxygen isotope composition within the margin and Wark-Lovering rim of an Allende Type A CAI. These variations suggest that some CV CAIs formed from several oxygen reservoirs and may reflect transport between distinct regions of the solar nebula or varying gas composition near the proto-Sun. Oxygen isotope compositions of CAIs from other, less-altered chondrites show less intra-CAI variability and 16O-rich compositions. The record of intra-CAI oxygen isotope variability in CM chondrites, which commonly show evidence for low-temperature aqueous alteration, is less clear, in part because the most common CAIs found in CM chondrites are mineralogically simple (hibonite +/- spinel or spinel +/- pyroxene) and are composed of minerals less susceptible to O-isotopic exchange. No measurements of the oxygen isotope compositions of rims on CAIs in CM chondrites have been reported. Here, we present oxygen isotope data from a rare, Type A CAI from the Murchison meteorite, MUM-1. The data were collected from melilite, hibonite, perovskite and spinel in a traverse into the interior of the CAI and from pyroxene, melilite, anorthite, and spinel in the Wark-Lovering rim. Our objectives were to (1) document any evidence for intra-CAI oxygen isotope variability; (2) determine the isotopic composition of the rim minerals and compare their composition(s) to the CAI interior; and (3) compare the MUM-1 data to oxygen isotope zoning profiles measured from CAIs in other chondrites.

  4. CAI System of Obunsha Co., Ltd. Using CD-ROM

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Todokoro, Shigeru; Mukai, Yoshihiro

    This paper introduces the present status of R & D on CAI teaching materials in Obunsha Co., Ltd. Characteristics of CAI using CD-ROM as well as Culture-in CAI Teaching Materials System for junior high school English are described. The system consists of CD-ROM driver XM-2000 and Pasopia 700 of Toshiba Corporation having both features of CD-ROM and FD. CD-ROM stores vast amount of voice data while FD does text and graphics data. It is a frame-oriented mode system enabling to raise learning effect.

  5. Particulated articular cartilage: CAIS and DeNovo NT.

    PubMed

    Farr, Jack; Cole, Brian J; Sherman, Seth; Karas, Vasili

    2012-03-01

    Cartilage Autograft Implantation System (CAIS; DePuy/Mitek, Raynham, MA) and DeNovo Natural Tissue (NT; ISTO, St. Louis, MO) are novel treatment options for focal articular cartilage defects in the knee. These methods involve the implantation of particulated articular cartilage from either autograft or juvenile allograft donor, respectively. In the laboratory and in animal models, both CAIS and DeNovo NT have demonstrated the ability of the transplanted cartilage cells to "escape" from the extracellular matrix, migrate, multiply, and form a new hyaline-like cartilage tissue matrix that integrates with the surrounding host tissue. In clinical practice, the technique for both CAIS and DeNovo NT is straightforward, requiring only a single surgery to affect cartilage repair. Clinical experience is limited, with short-term studies demonstrating both procedures to be safe, feasible, and effective, with improvements in subjective patient scores, and with magnetic resonance imaging evidence of good defect fill. While these treatment options appear promising, prospective randomized controlled studies are necessary to refine the indications and contraindications for both CAIS and DeNovo NT.

  6. The Vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing autoinducer CAI-1: analysis of the biosynthetic enzyme CqsA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kelly, R.; Bolitho, M; Higgins, D

    2009-01-01

    Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes the disease cholera, controls virulence factor production and biofilm development in response to two extracellular quorum-sensing molecules, called autoinducers. The strongest autoinducer, called CAI-1 (for cholera autoinducer-1), was previously identified as (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one. Biosynthesis of CAI-1 requires the enzyme CqsA. Here, we determine the CqsA reaction mechanism, identify the CqsA substrates as (S)-2-aminobutyrate and decanoyl coenzyme A, and demonstrate that the product of the reaction is 3-aminotridecan-4-one, dubbed amino-CAI-1. CqsA produces amino-CAI-1 by a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent acyl-CoA transferase reaction. Amino-CAI-1 is converted to CAI-1 in a subsequent step via a CqsA-independent mechanism. Consistent with this,more » we find cells release {ge}100 times more CAI-1 than amino-CAI-1. Nonetheless, V. cholerae responds to amino-CAI-1 as well as CAI-1, whereas other CAI-1 variants do not elicit a quorum-sensing response. Thus, both CAI-1 and amino-CAI-1 have potential as lead molecules in the development of an anticholera treatment.« less

  7. Structural basis of Na(+)-independent and cooperative substrate/product antiport in CaiT.

    PubMed

    Schulze, Sabrina; Köster, Stefan; Geldmacher, Ulrike; Terwisscha van Scheltinga, Anke C; Kühlbrandt, Werner

    2010-09-09

    Transport of solutes across biological membranes is performed by specialized secondary transport proteins in the lipid bilayer, and is essential for life. Here we report the structures of the sodium-independent carnitine/butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT from Proteus mirabilis (PmCaiT) at 2.3-A and from Escherichia coli (EcCaiT) at 3.5-A resolution. CaiT belongs to the family of betaine/carnitine/choline transporters (BCCT), which are mostly Na(+) or H(+) dependent, whereas EcCaiT is Na(+) and H(+) independent. The three-dimensional architecture of CaiT resembles that of the Na(+)-dependent transporters LeuT and BetP, but in CaiT a methionine sulphur takes the place of the Na(+) ion to coordinate the substrate in the central transport site, accounting for Na(+)-independent transport. Both CaiT structures show the fully open, inward-facing conformation, and thus complete the set of functional states that describe the alternating access mechanism. EcCaiT contains two bound butyrobetaine substrate molecules, one in the central transport site, the other in an extracellular binding pocket. In the structure of PmCaiT, a tryptophan side chain occupies the transport site, and access to the extracellular site is blocked. Binding of both substrates to CaiT reconstituted into proteoliposomes is cooperative, with Hill coefficients up to 1.7, indicating that the extracellular site is regulatory. We propose a mechanism whereby the occupied regulatory site increases the binding affinity of the transport site and initiates substrate translocation.

  8. Two Generations of Sodic Metasomatism in an Allende Type B CAI

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Simon, S. B.; Grossman, L.

    2015-01-01

    Calcium-Aluminum rich inclusions (CAI) in Allende, along with other chondritic compo-nents, experienced variable amounts and types of alter-ation of their mineralogy and chemistry. In CAIs, one of the principal types of alteration led to the depo-sition of nepheline and sodalite. Here we extend initial obervations of alteration in an Allende CAI, focus-ing on occurences of nepheline and a nepheline-like phase with unusally high Ca (referred to as "calcic nepheline" in this abstract). Detailed petrographic and microchemical observations of alteration phases in an Allende Type B CAI (TS4) show that two separate generations of "nepheline", with very distinct composi-tions, crystallized around the margins and in the interi-or of this CAI. We use observations of micro-faults as potential temporal markers, in order to place constraints on the timing of alteration events in Allende. These observa-tions of micro-faulting that truncate and offset one gen-eration of "nepheline" indicate that some "nepheline" crystallized before incorporation of the CAI into the Allende parent-body. Some of the sodic metasomatism in some Allende CAIs occurred prior to Allende par-ent-body assembly. The earlier generation of "calcic-nepheline" has a very distinctive, calcium-rich compo-sition, and the second generation is low in calcium, and matches the compositions of nephelines found in near-by altered chondrules, and in the Allende matrix.

  9. Coordinated Oxygen Isotopic and Petrologic Studies of CAIS Record Varying Composition of Protosolar

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Simon, Justin I.; Matzel, J. E. P.; Simon, S. B.; Weber, P. K.; Grossman, L.; Ross, D. K.; Hutcheon, I. D.

    2012-01-01

    Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) record the O-isotope composition of Solar nebular gas from which they grew [1]. High spatial resolution O-isotope measurements afforded by ion microprobe analysis across the rims and margin of CAIs reveal systematic variations in (Delta)O-17 and suggest formation from a diversity of nebular environments [2-4]. This heterogeneity has been explained by isotopic mixing between the O-16-rich Solar reservoir [6] and a second O-16-poor reservoir (probably nebular gas) with a "planetary-like" isotopic composition [e.g., 1, 6-7], but the mechanism and location(s) where these events occur within the protoplanetary disk remain uncertain. The orientation of large and systematic variations in (Delta)O-17 reported by [3] for a compact Type A CAI from the Efremovka reduced CV3 chondrite differs dramatically from reports by [4] of a similar CAI, A37 from the Allende oxidized CV3 chondrite. Both studies conclude that CAIs were exposed to distinct, nebular O-isotope reservoirs, implying the transfer of CAIs among different settings within the protoplanetary disk [4]. To test this hypothesis further and the extent of intra-CAI O-isotopic variation, a pristine compact Type A CAI, Ef-1 from Efremovka, and a Type B2 CAI, TS4 from Allende were studied. Our new results are equally intriguing because, collectively, O-isotopic zoning patterns in the CAIs indicate a progressive and cyclic record. The results imply that CAIs were commonly exposed to multiple environments of distinct gas during their formation. Numerical models help constrain conditions and duration of these events.

  10. Personality preference influences medical student use of specific computer-aided instruction (CAI)

    PubMed Central

    McNulty, John A; Espiritu, Baltazar; Halsey, Martha; Mendez, Michelle

    2006-01-01

    Background The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that personality preference, which can be related to learning style, influences individual utilization of CAI applications developed specifically for the undergraduate medical curriculum. Methods Personality preferences of students were obtained using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. CAI utilization for individual students was collected from entry logs for two different web-based applications (a discussion forum and a tutorial) used in the basic science course on human anatomy. Individual login data were sorted by personality preference and the data statistically analyzed by 2-way mixed ANOVA and correlation. Results There was a wide discrepancy in the level and pattern of student use of both CAI. Although individual use of both CAI was positively correlated irrespective of MBTI preference, students with a "Sensing" preference tended to use both CAI applications more than the "iNtuitives". Differences in the level of use of these CAI applications (i.e., higher use of discussion forum vs. a tutorial) were also found for the "Perceiving/Judging" dimension. Conclusion We conclude that personality/learning preferences of individual students influence their use of CAI in the medical curriculum. PMID:16451719

  11. CAI: Overcoming Attitude Barriers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Netusil, Anton J.; Kockler, Lois H.

    During each of two school quarters, approximately 60 college students enrolled in a mathematics course were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The control group received instruction by the lecture method only; the experimental group received the same instruction, except that six computer-assisted instruction (CAI) units…

  12. The Relative Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) for Teaching Students To Read English.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thompson, Richard A.

    In a review of research on computer assisted instruction (CAI) related to reading, evidence collected provides tentative conclusions about CAI effectiveness. CAI was effective as an instructional medium in the surveyed studies. In a number of instances, CAI groups achieved higher scores than the control groups. Some studies indicated that CAI…

  13. An Intelligent CAI Monitor and Generative Tutor. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Koffman, Elliot B.; Perry, James

    This final report summarizes research findings and presents a model for generative computer assisted instruction (CAI) with respect to its usefulness in the classroom environment. Methods used to individualize instruction, and the evolution of a procedure used to select a concept for presentation to a student with the generative CAI system are…

  14. Effectiveness of CAI Package on Achievement in Physics of IX Standard Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maheswari, I. Uma; Ramakrishnan, N.

    2015-01-01

    The present study is an experimental one in nature, to find out the effectiveness of CAI package on in Physics of IX std. students. For this purpose a CAI package was developed and validated. The validated CAI package formed an independent variable of this study. The dependent variable is students' achievements in physics content. In order to find…

  15. Search for 41K Excess in Efremovka CAIs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Srinivasan, G.; Ulyanov, A. A.; Goswami, J. N.

    1993-07-01

    We have used the ion microprobe to measure K isotopic composition of refractory phases in Efremovka CAIs to look for the possible presence of K excess from the decay of extinct radionuclide Ca (halflife = 0.13 Ma). The presence of Ca at the time of CAI formation, if established, will allow us to place a lower limit on the time interval between the last injection of freshly synthesized matter into the solar nebula and the formation of some of the first solid objects (CAIs) in the solar system. Several attempts have been made earlier to detect 41K excess in Allende CAIs [1-4]. We have further investigated this problem by analyzing the Efremovka CAIs for two reasons. First, both the petrographic and magnesium isotopic systematics suggest the Efremovka CAIs to be less altered compared to the Allende CAIs making them an ideal and perhaps better sample for this study. Second, the presence of large perovskite (~10 micrometers) allowed us to analyse this phase, which was not included in earlier studies. The major difficulty in accurately measuring 41K, which was identified in earlier studies, is the unresolvable (40Ca42Ca)++ interference, which was found to be matrix dependent [4]. In addition, one can also have interfernce from the (40CaH)+ peak. In our operating condition the interference from the hydride peak can be neglected (Fig. 1, which appears in the hard copy). We have analyzed terrestrial perovskite (K <= 20 ppm) to determine the (40Ca42Ca)++ correction term, and its equivalence with (40Ca43Ca)++ ion signal at mass 41.5 [4]. In perovskite, the (40Ca42Ca)++ signal constitutes ~80% of the signal at 41K and we could estimate this interference with confidence. A value of (2.7 +- 0.1) x 10^-5 was obtained for the ratio [(40Ca42Ca)++/42Ca+], which is similar to the measured [(40Ca43Ca)++/43Ca+] ratio of (2.4 +- 0.2) x 10^-5. We have therefore used the measured value for the latter ratio in the analyzed phases to correct for the doubly charged interference at mass 41

  16. A ryanodine receptor-dependent Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry at Hensen's node mediates avian lateral identity.

    PubMed

    Garic-Stankovic, Ana; Hernandez, Marcos; Flentke, George R; Zile, Maija H; Smith, Susan M

    2008-10-01

    In mouse, the establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry requires intracellular calcium (Ca(i)(2+)) enrichment on the left of the node. The use of Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry by other vertebrates, and its origins and relationship to other laterality effectors are largely unknown. Additionally, the architecture of Hensen's node raises doubts as to whether Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry is a broadly conserved mechanism to achieve laterality. We report here that the avian embryo uses a left-side enriched Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry across Hensen's node to govern its lateral identity. Elevated Ca(i)(2+) was first detected along the anterior node at early HH4, and its emergence and left-side enrichment by HH5 required both ryanodine receptor (RyR) activity and extracellular calcium, implicating calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) as the novel source of the Ca(i)(2+). Targeted manipulation of node Ca(i)(2+) randomized heart laterality and affected nodal expression. Bifurcation of the Ca(i)(2+) field by the emerging prechordal plate may permit the independent regulation of LR Ca(i)(2+) levels. To the left of the node, RyR/CICR and H(+)V-ATPase activity sustained elevated Ca(i)(2+). On the right, Ca(i)(2+) levels were actively repressed through the activities of H(+)K(+) ATPase and serotonin-dependent signaling, thus identifying a novel mechanism for the known effects of serotonin on laterality. Vitamin A-deficient quail have a high incidence of situs inversus hearts and had a reversed calcium asymmetry. Thus, Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry across the node represents a more broadly conserved mechanism for laterality among amniotes than had been previously believed.

  17. A phase I trial of pharmacokinetic modulation of carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) with ketoconazole in patients with advanced cancer.

    PubMed

    Desai, Apurva A; Innocenti, Federico; Janisch, Linda; DeMario, Mark; Shepard, Dale; Ramirez, Jacqueline; Fleming, Gini F; Ratain, Mark J

    2004-11-01

    Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) is a novel antineoplastic agent in clinical development with limited oral bioavailability. In vitro, ketoconazole has been demonstrated to inhibit CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of CAI. We performed this phase I trial to determine if ketoconazole-mediated CYP3A4 inhibition would lead to favorable alteration of CAI pharmacokinetics, and to evaluate the safety, toxicity and tolerability of the proposed combination. Forty-seven patients were treated using a standard three patients per cohort CAI dose-escalation scheme. In cycle 1, CAI was administered alone on day-6 followed by a single dose of ketoconazole (200 mg) on day 0. CAI and ketoconazole (200 mg/day) were subsequently coadministered on days 1 and 3-28. Plasma samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained following the doses on days-6 and 1. All subsequent cycles were of 28-day duration, and consisted of daily CAI and ketoconazole coadministration. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on samples from 44 patients. In most patients administration of ketoconazole produced an increase in CAI AUC and Cmax with a decrease in CAI clearance. Seven patients experienced stable disease for up to 12 months. Gastrointestinal and constitutional toxicities were the most common toxicities. Coadministration of CAI with ketoconazole increased CAI exposure in most of the patients without altering the toxicity profile of CAI. The highest CAI dose administered on the trial was 300 mg/day. The clinical utility of such a modulation strategy might be explored in future clinical trials of CAI.

  18. Experimental Determination of Li, Be and B Partitioning During CAI Crystallization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ryerson, F J; Brenan, J M; Phinney, D L

    2005-01-12

    The main focus of the work is to develop a better understanding of the distribution of the elements B, Be and Li in melilite, fassaitic clinop clinopy-roxene, anorthite and spinel, which are the primary constituents of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs). These elements are the parent or decay products of short-lived nuclides (specifically, {sup 7}Be and {sup 10}Be) formed by cosmic ray spallation reactions on silicon and oxygen. Recent observations suggest that some CAIs contain ''fossil'' {sup 7}Be and {sup 10}Be in the form of ''excess'' amounts of their decay products (B and Li). The exact timing of {sup 7}Be and {supmore » 10}Be production is unknown, but if it occurred early in CAI history, it could constrain the birthplace of CAIs to be within a limited region near the infant sun. Other interpretations are possible, however, and bear little significance to early CAI genesis. In order to interpret the anomalies as being ''primary'', and thus originating at high temperature, information on the intermineral partitioning of both parent and daughter elements is required.« less

  19. Effect of CAI on Achievement of LD Students in English

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sivaram, R. T.; Ramar, R.

    2014-01-01

    The present experimental study was undertaken with three objectives in view, (i) to identify students with language learning disabilities (ii) to develop CAI software to teach LD students through computer-assisted instruction and (iii) to measure the effectiveness of CAI with special reference to LD students. Two matched groups of LD students were…

  20. An Object-Oriented Architecture for a Web-Based CAI System.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nakabayashi, Kiyoshi; Hoshide, Takahide; Seshimo, Hitoshi; Fukuhara, Yoshimi

    This paper describes the design and implementation of an object-oriented World Wide Web-based CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) system. The goal of the design is to provide a flexible CAI/ITS (Intelligent Tutoring System) framework with full extendibility and reusability, as well as to exploit Web-based software technologies such as JAVA, ASP (a…

  1. CAI-BASIC: A Program to Teach the Programming Language BASIC.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barry, Thomas Anthony

    A computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program was designed which fulfills the objectives of teaching a simple programing language, interpreting student responses, and executing and editing student programs. The CAI-BASIC program is written in FORTRAN IV and executes on IBM-2741 terminals while running under a time-sharing system on an IBM-360-70…

  2. Oxygen isotope variations at the margin of a CAI records circulation within the solar nebula.

    PubMed

    Simon, Justin I; Hutcheon, Ian D; Simon, Steven B; Matzel, Jennifer E P; Ramon, Erick C; Weber, Peter K; Grossman, Lawrence; DePaolo, Donald J

    2011-03-04

    Micrometer-scale analyses of a calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) and the characteristic mineral bands mantling the CAI reveal that the outer parts of this primitive object have a large range of oxygen isotope compositions. The variations are systematic; the relative abundance of (16)O first decreases toward the CAI margin, approaching a planetary-like isotopic composition, then shifts to extremely (16)O-rich compositions through the surrounding rim. The variability implies that CAIs probably formed from several oxygen reservoirs. The observations support early and short-lived fluctuations of the environment in which CAIs formed, either because of transport of the CAIs themselves to distinct regions of the solar nebula or because of varying gas composition near the proto-Sun.

  3. Microstructural Investigation of a Wark-Lovering Rim on a Vigarano CAI

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Han, J.; Keller, L. P.; Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.; Simon, J. I.

    2015-01-01

    Wark-Lovering (WL) rims are thin multi-layered mineral sequences that surround many CAIs. These rim layers consist of the primary minerals found in the CAI interiors, but vary in their mineralogy. Several models for their origin have been proposed including condensation, reaction with a nebular gas, evaporation, or combinations of these. However, there still is little consensus on how and when the rims formed. Here, we describe the microstructure and mineralogy of a WL rim on a type B CAI from the Vigarano CV(sub red) chondrite using FIB/TEM to better understand the astrophysical significance of WL rim formation.

  4. CAI in Advanced Literature Class.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hinton, Norman

    1981-01-01

    Ways that computer assisted instruction (CAI) can be useful in teaching English at upperclass and graduate levels are considered, with illustrations from PLATO lessons that have been composed and programmed. One lesson takes advantage of PLATO's graphic design capabilities, which enabled the teacher to design the runic figures and to show them in…

  5. A multielement isotopic study of refractory FUN and F CAIs: Mass-dependent and mass-independent isotope effects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kööp, Levke; Nakashima, Daisuke; Heck, Philipp R.; Kita, Noriko T.; Tenner, Travis J.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Park, Changkun; Davis, Andrew M.

    2018-01-01

    Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the oldest dated objects that formed inside the Solar System. Among these are rare, enigmatic objects with large mass-dependent fractionation effects (F CAIs), which sometimes also have large nucleosynthetic anomalies and a low initial abundance of the short-lived radionuclide 26Al (FUN CAIs). We have studied seven refractory hibonite-rich CAIs and one grossite-rich CAI from the Murchison (CM2) meteorite for their oxygen, calcium, and titanium isotopic compositions. The 26Al-26Mg system was also studied in seven of these CAIs. We found mass-dependent heavy isotope enrichment in all measured elements, but never simultaneously in the same CAI. The data are hard to reconcile with a single-stage melt evaporation origin and may require reintroduction or reequilibration for magnesium, oxygen and titanium after evaporation for some of the studied CAIs. The initial 26Al/27Al ratios inferred from model isochrons span a range from <1 × 10-6 to canonical (∼5 × 10-5). The CAIs show a mutual exclusivity relationship between inferred incorporation of live 26Al and the presence of resolvable anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti. Furthermore, a relationship exists between 26Al incorporation and Δ17O in the hibonite-rich CAIs (i.e., 26Al-free CAIs have resolved variations in Δ17O, while CAIs with resolved 26Mg excesses have Δ17O values close to -23‰). Only the grossite-rich CAI has a relatively enhanced Δ17O value (∼-17‰) in spite of a near-canonical 26Al/27Al. We interpret these data as indicating that fractionated hibonite-rich CAIs formed over an extended time period and sampled multiple stages in the isotopic evolution of the solar nebula, including: (1) an 26Al-poor nebula with large positive and negative anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti and variable Δ17O; (2) a stage of 26Al-admixture, during which anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti had been largely diluted and a Δ17O value of ∼-23‰ had been achieved in the CAI formation region; and (3

  6. Closed system oxygen isotope redistribution in igneous CAIs upon spinel dissolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aléon, Jérôme

    2018-01-01

    In several Calcium-Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs) from the CV3 chondrites Allende and Efremovka, representative of the most common igneous CAI types (type A, type B and Fractionated with Unknown Nuclear isotopic anomalies, FUN), the relationship between 16O-excesses and TiO2 content in pyroxene indicates that the latter commonly begins to crystallize with a near-terrestrial 16O-poor composition and becomes 16O-enriched during crystallization, reaching a near-solar composition. Mass balance calculations were performed to investigate the contribution of spinel to this 16O-enrichment. It is found that a back-reaction of early-crystallized 16O-rich spinel with a silicate partial melt having undergone a 16O-depletion is consistent with the O isotopic evolution of CAI minerals during magmatic crystallization. Dissolution of spinel explains the O isotopic composition (16O-excess and extent of mass fractionation) of pyroxene as well as that of primary anorthite/dmisteinbergite and possibly that of the last melilite crystallizing immediately before pyroxene. It requires that igneous CAIs behaved as closed-systems relative to oxygen from nebular gas during a significant fraction of their cooling history, contrary to the common assumption that CAI partial melts constantly equilibrated with gas. The mineralogical control on O isotopes in igneous CAIs is thus simply explained by a single 16O-depletion during magmatic crystallization. This 16O-depletion occurred in an early stage of the thermal history, after the crystallization of spinel, i.e. in the temperature range for melilite crystallization/partial melting and did not require multiple, complex or late isotope exchange. More experimental work is however required to deduce the protoplanetary disk conditions associated with this 16O-depletion.

  7. Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI): Validity as a co-primary measure of cognition across phases of schizophrenia.

    PubMed

    Ventura, Joseph; Subotnik, Kenneth L; Ered, Arielle; Hellemann, Gerhard S; Nuechterlein, Keith H

    2016-04-01

    Progress has been made in developing interview-based measures for the assessment of cognitive functioning, such as the Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI), as co-primary measures that compliment objective neurocognitive assessments and daily functioning. However, a few questions remain, including whether the relationships with objective cognitive measures and daily functioning are high enough to justify the CAI as an co-primary measure and whether patient-only assessments are valid. Participants were first-episode schizophrenia patients (n=60) and demographically-similar healthy controls (n=35), chronic schizophrenia patients (n=38) and demographically similar healthy controls (n=19). Participants were assessed at baseline with an interview-based measure of cognitive functioning (CAI), a test of objective cognitive functioning, functional capacity, and role functioning at baseline, and in the first episode patients again 6 months later (n=28). CAI ratings were correlated with objective cognitive functioning, functional capacity, and functional outcomes in first-episode schizophrenia patients at similar magnitudes as in chronic patients. Comparisons of first-episode and chronic patients with healthy controls indicated that the CAI sensitively detected deficits in schizophrenia. The relationship of CAI Patient-Only ratings with objective cognitive functioning, functional capacity, and daily functioning were comparable to CAI Rater scores that included informant information. These results confirm in an independent sample the relationship of the CAI ratings with objectively measured cognition, functional capacity, and role functioning. Comparison of schizophrenia patients with healthy controls further validates the CAI as an co-primary measure of cognitive deficits. Also, CAI change scores were strongly related to objective cognitive change indicating sensitivity to change. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Fine-Gained CAIs in Comet Samples: Moderate Refractory Character and Comparison to Small Refractory Inclusions in Chondrites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Joswiak, D. J.; Brownlee, D. E.; Nguyen, A. N.; Messenger, S

    2017-01-01

    Examination of >200 comet Wild 2 particles collected by the Stardust (SD) mission shows that the CAI abundance of comet Wild 2's rocky material is near 1% and that nearly 50% of all bulbous tracks will contain at least one recognizable CAI fragment. A similar abundance to Wild 2 is found in a giant cluster IDP thought to be of cometary origin. The properties of these CAIs and their comparison with meteoritic CAIs provide important clues on the role of CAIs in the early Solar System (SS) and how they were transported to the edge of the solar nebula where Kuiper Belt comets formed. Previously, only two CAIs in comet Wild 2 had been identified and studied in detail. Here we present 2 new Wild 2 CAIs and 2 from a giant cluster cometary IDP, describe their mineralogical characteristics and show that they are most analogous to nodules in spinel-rich, fine-grained inclusions (FGIs) observed in CV3 and other chondrites. Additionally, we present new O isotope measurements from one CAI from comet Wild 2 and show that its oxygen isotopic composition is similar to some FGIs. This is only the second CAI from Wild 2 in which O isotopes have been measured.

  9. Silicon Isotopic Fractionation of CAI-like Vacuum Evaporation Residues

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Knight, K; Kita, N; Mendybaev, R

    2009-06-18

    Calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are often enriched in the heavy isotopes of magnesium and silicon relative to bulk solar system materials. It is likely that these isotopic enrichments resulted from evaporative mass loss of magnesium and silicon from early solar system condensates while they were molten during one or more high-temperature reheating events. Quantitative interpretation of these enrichments requires laboratory determinations of the evaporation kinetics and associated isotopic fractionation effects for these elements. The experimental data for the kinetics of evaporation of magnesium and silicon and the evaporative isotopic fractionation of magnesium is reasonably complete for Type B CAI liquidsmore » (Richter et al., 2002, 2007a). However, the isotopic fractionation factor for silicon evaporating from such liquids has not been as extensively studied. Here we report new ion microprobe silicon isotopic measurements of residual glass from partial evaporation of Type B CAI liquids into vacuum. The silicon isotopic fractionation is reported as a kinetic fractionation factor, {alpha}{sub Si}, corresponding to the ratio of the silicon isotopic composition of the evaporation flux to that of the residual silicate liquid. For CAI-like melts, we find that {alpha}{sub Si} = 0.98985 {+-} 0.00044 (2{sigma}) for {sup 29}Si/{sup 28}Si with no resolvable variation with temperature over the temperature range of the experiments, 1600-1900 C. This value is different from what has been reported for evaporation of liquid Mg{sub 2}SiO{sub 4} (Davis et al., 1990) and of a melt with CI chondritic proportions of the major elements (Wang et al., 2001). There appears to be some compositional control on {alpha}{sub Si}, whereas no compositional effects have been reported for {alpha}{sub Mg}. We use the values of {alpha}Si and {alpha}Mg, to calculate the chemical compositions of the unevaporated precursors of a number of isotopically fractionated CAIs from CV chondrites

  10. Micro-CAI in Education: Some Considerations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Majsterek, David

    This paper focuses on the applications which best suit the microcomputer in an educational setting with emphasis on adapting effective pedagogical practice to the computer's programability and delivery capabilities. Discovery learning and "being told" are identified as two types of computer assisted instruction (CAI) and sample uses of…

  11. CAI System with Multi-Media Text Through Web Browser for NC Lathe Programming

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mizugaki, Yoshio; Kikkawa, Koichi; Mizui, Masahiko; Kamijo, Keisuke

    A new Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) system for NC lathe programming has been developed with use of multi-media texts including movies, animations, pictures, sound and texts through Web browser. Although many CAI systems developed previously for NC programming consist of text-based instructions, it is difficult for beginners to learn NC programming with use of them. In the developed CAI system, multi-media texts are adopted for the help of users' understanding, and it is available through Web browser anytime and anywhere. Also the error log is automatically recorded for the future references. According to the NC programming coded by a user, the movement of the NC lathe is animated and shown in the monitor screen in front of the user. If its movement causes the collision between a cutting tool and the lathe, some sound and the caution remark are generated. If the user makes mistakes some times at a certain stage in learning NC, the corresponding suggestion is shown in the form of movies, animations, and so forth. By using the multimedia texts, users' attention is kept concentrated during a training course. In this paper, the configuration of the CAI system is explained and the actual procedures for users to learn the NC programming are also explained too. Some beginners tested this CAI system and their results are illustrated and discussed from the viewpoint of the efficiency and usefulness of this CAI system. A brief conclusion is also mentioned.

  12. Chronology of chrondrule and CAI formation: Mg-Al isotopic evidence

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Macpherson, G. J.; Davis, A. M.

    1994-01-01

    Details of the chondrule and Ca-Al-rich inclusion (CAI) formation during the earliest history of the solar system are imperfectly known. Because CAI's are more 'refractory' than ferromagnesian chondrules and have the lowest recorded initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios of any solar system materials, the expectation is that CAI's formed earlier than chondrules. But it is not known, for example, if CAI formation had stopped by the time chondrule formation began. Conventional (absolute) age-dating techniques cannot adequately resolve small age differences (less than 10(exp 6) years) between objects of such antiquity. One approach has been to look at systematic differences in the daughter products of short-lived radionuclides such as Al-26 and I-129. Unfortunately, neither system appears to be 'well-behaved.' One possible reason for this circumstance is that later secondary events have partially reset the isotopic systems, but a viable alternative continues to be large-scale (nebular) heterogeneity in initial isotopic abundances, which would of course render the systems nearly useless as chronometers. In the past two years the nature of this problem has been redefined somewhat. Examination of the Al-Mg isotopic database for all CAI's suggests that the vast majority of inclusions originally had the same initial Al-26/Al-27 abundance ratio, and that the ill-behaved isotopic systematics now observed are the results of later partial reequilibration due to thermal processing. Isotopic heterogeneities did exist in the nebula, as demonstrated by the existence of so-called FUN inclusions in CV3 chondrites and isotopically anomalous hibonite grains in CM2 chondrites, which had little or no live Al-26 at the time of their formation. But, among the population of CV3 inclusions at least, FUN inclusions appear to have been a relatively minor nebular component.

  13. Individual Differences in Learner Controlled CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Judd, Wilson A.; And Others

    Two assumptions in support of learner-controlled computer-assisted instruction (CAI) are that (1) instruction administered under learner control will be less aversive than if administered under program control, and (2) the student is sufficiently aware of his learning state to make, in most instances, his own instructional decisions. Some 130…

  14. INAA of CAIs from the Maralinga CK4 chondrite: Effects of parent body thermal metamorphism

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lindstrom, D. J.; Keller, L. P.; Martinez, R. R.

    1993-01-01

    Maralinga is an anomalous CK4 carbonaceous chondrite which contains numerous Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAI's) unlike the other members of the CK group. These CAI's are characterized by abundant green hercynitic spinel intergrown with plagioclase and high-Ca clinopyroxene, and a total lack of melilite. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used to further characterize the meteorite, with special focus on the CAI's. High sensitivity INAA was done on eight sample disks about 100-150 microns in diameter obtained from a normal 30 micron thin section with a diamond microcoring device. The CAI's are enriched by 60-70X bulk meteorite values in Zn, suggesting that the substantial exchange of Fe for Mg that made the spinel in the CAI's hercynitic also allowed efficient scavenging of Zn from the rest of the meteorite during parent body thermal metamorphism. Less mobile elements appear to have maintained their initial heterogeneity.

  15. Preliminary verification for application of a support vector machine-based cloud detection method to GOSAT-2 CAI-2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oishi, Yu; Ishida, Haruma; Nakajima, Takashi Y.; Nakamura, Ryosuke; Matsunaga, Tsuneo

    2018-05-01

    The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) was launched in 2009 to measure global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations. GOSAT is equipped with two sensors: the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations (TANSO)-Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and TANSO-Cloud and Aerosol Imager (CAI). The presence of clouds in the instantaneous field of view of the FTS leads to incorrect estimates of the concentrations. Thus, the FTS data suspected to have cloud contamination must be identified by a CAI cloud discrimination algorithm and rejected. Conversely, overestimating clouds reduces the amount of FTS data that can be used to estimate greenhouse gas concentrations. This is a serious problem in tropical rainforest regions, such as the Amazon, where the amount of useable FTS data is small because of cloud cover. Preparations are continuing for the launch of the GOSAT-2 in fiscal year 2018. To improve the accuracy of the estimates of greenhouse gases concentrations, we need to refine the existing CAI cloud discrimination algorithm: Cloud and Aerosol Unbiased Decision Intellectual Algorithm (CLAUDIA1). A new cloud discrimination algorithm using a support vector machine (CLAUDIA3) was developed and presented in another paper. Although the use of visual inspection of clouds as a standard for judging is not practical for screening a full satellite data set, it has the advantage of allowing for locally optimized thresholds, while CLAUDIA1 and -3 use common global thresholds. Thus, the accuracy of visual inspection is better than that of these algorithms in most regions, with the exception of snow- and ice-covered surfaces, where there is not enough spectral contrast to identify cloud. In other words, visual inspection results can be used as truth data for accuracy evaluation of CLAUDIA1 and -3. For this reason visual inspection can be used for the truth metric for the cloud discrimination verification exercise. In this study, we compared CLAUDIA1-CAI and

  16. Compound ultrarefractory CAI-bearing inclusions from CV3 carbonaceous chondrites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanova, Marina A.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; MacPherson, Glenn J.

    2012-12-01

    Abstract-Two compound calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), 3N from the oxidized CV chondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 3118 and 33E from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka, contain ultrarefractory (UR) inclusions. 3N is a forsterite-bearing type B (FoB) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> that encloses UR inclusion 3N-24 composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopside. 33E contains a fluffy type A (FTA) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and UR <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 33E-1, surrounded by Wark-Lovering rim layers of spinel, Al-diopside, and forsterite, and a common forsterite-rich accretionary rim. 33E-1 is composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, Zr,Sc,Y-rich pyroxenes (Al,Ti-diopside, Sc-rich pyroxene), and gehlenite. 3N-24's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-poor (Δ17O approximately -2‰ to -5‰). Spinel in 3N-24 and spinel and Al-diopside in the FoB <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are 16O-rich (Δ17O approximately -23 ± 2‰). 33E-1's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-depleted (Δ17O approximately -2‰ to -5‰) vs. Al,Ti-diopside of the FTA <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and spinel (Δ17O approximately -23 ± 2‰), and Wark-Lovering rim Al,Ti-diopside (Δ17O approximately -7‰ to -19‰). We infer that the inclusions experienced multistage formation in nebular regions with different oxygen-isotope compositions. 3N-24 and 33E-1's precursors formed by evaporation/condensation above 1600 °C. 3N and 33E's precursors formed by condensation and melting (3N only) at significantly lower temperatures. 3N-24 and 3N's precursors aggregated into a compound object and experienced partial melting and thermal annealing. 33E-1 and 33E avoided melting prior to and after aggregation. They acquired Wark-Lovering and common forsterite-rich accretionary rims, probably by condensation, followed by thermal annealing. We suggest 3N-24 and 33E-1 originated in a 16O-rich gaseous reservoir and subsequently experienced isotope exchange in a 16O-poor gaseous reservoir. Mechanism and timing of oxygen-isotope exchange remain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005741','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005741"><span>NWA10758: A New CV3 Chondrite Bearing a Giant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with Hibonite-Rich Wark-Lovering Rim</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Zolensky, M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Northwest Africa (NWA) 10758 is a newly identified carbonaceous chondrite that is a Bali-like oxidized CV3. The large Ca-Al rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in this sample is approx. 2.4 x 1.4 cm. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is transitional in composition between type A and type B, with interior mineralogy dominated by melilite, plus less abundant spinel and Al-Ti rich diopside, and only very minor anorthite (Fig. 1A). This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is largely free of secondary alteration in the exposed section we examined, with almost no nepheline, sodalite or Ca-Fe silicates. The Wark-Lovering (WL) rim on this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is dominated by hibonite, with lower abundances of spinel and perovskite, and with hibonite locally overlain by melilite plus perovskite (as in Fig. 1B). Note that the example shown in 1B is exceptional. Around most of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, hibonite + spinel + perovskite form the WL rim, without overlying melilite. The WL rim can be unusually thick, ranging from approx. 20 microns up to approx. 150 microns. A well-developed, stratified accretionary rim infills embayments of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and thins over protuberances in the convoluted <span class="hlt">CAI</span> surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12163501','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12163501"><span><span class="hlt">Cai</span>T of Escherichia coli, a new transporter catalyzing L-carnitine/gamma -butyrobetaine exchange.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jung, Heinrich; Buchholz, Marion; Clausen, Jurgen; Nietschke, Monika; Revermann, Anne; Schmid, Roland; Jung, Kirsten</p> <p>2002-10-18</p> <p>l-Carnitine is essential for beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. Bacterial metabolic pathways are used for the production of this medically important compound. Here, we report the first detailed functional characterization of the <span class="hlt">cai</span>T gene product, a putative transport protein whose function is required for l-carnitine conversion in Escherichia coli. The <span class="hlt">cai</span>T gene was overexpressed in E. coli, and the gene product was purified by affinity chromatography and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. Functional analyses with intact cells and proteoliposomes demonstrated that <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T is able to catalyze the exchange of l-carnitine for gamma-butyrobetaine, the excreted end product of l-carnitine conversion in E. coli, and related betaines. Electrochemical ion gradients did not significantly stimulate l-carnitine uptake. Analysis of l-carnitine counterflow yielded an apparent external K(m) of 105 microm and a turnover number of 5.5 s(-1). Contrary to related proteins, <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T activity was not modulated by osmotic stress. l-Carnitine binding to <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T increased the protein fluorescence and caused a red shift in the emission maximum, an observation explained by ligand-induced conformational alterations. The fluorescence effect was specific for betaine structures, for which the distance between trimethylammonium and carboxyl groups proved to be crucial for affinity. Taken together, the results suggest that <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T functions as an exchanger (antiporter) for l-carnitine and gamma-butyrobetaine according to the substrate/product antiport principle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001852','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001852"><span>Ca-Fe and Alkali-Halide Alteration of an Allende Type B <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Aqueous Alteration in Nebular or Asteroidal Settings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Simon, S. B.; Grossman, L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Ca-Fe and alkali-halide alteration of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is often attributed to aqueous alteration by fluids circulating on asteroidal parent bodies after the various chondritic components have been assembled, although debate continues about the roles of asteroidal vs. nebular modification processes [1-7]. Here we report de-tailed observations of alteration products in a large Type B2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, TS4 from Allende, one of the oxidized subgroup of CV3s, and propose a speculative model for aqueous alteration of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in a nebular setting. Ca-Fe alteration in this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> consists predominantly of end-member hedenbergite, end-member andradite, and compositionally variable, magnesian high-Ca pyroxene. These phases are strongly concentrated in an unusual "nodule" enclosed within the interior of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Fig. 1). The Ca, Fe-rich nodule superficially resembles a clast that pre-dated and was engulfed by the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, but closer inspection shows that relic spinel grains are enclosed in the nodule, and corroded <span class="hlt">CAI</span> primary phases interfinger with the Fe-rich phases at the nodule s margins. This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> also contains abundant sodalite and nepheline (alkali-halide) alteration that occurs around the rims of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, but also penetrates more deeply into the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The two types of alteration (Ca-Fe and alkali-halide) are adjacent, and very fine-grained Fe-rich phases are associated with sodalite-rich regions. Both types of alteration appear to be replacive; if that is true, it would require substantial introduction of Fe, and transport of elements (Ti, Al and Mg) out of the nodule, and introduction of Na and Cl into alkali-halide rich zones. Parts of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> have been extensively metasomatized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED152294.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED152294.pdf"><span>The Relevance of AI Research to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kearsley, Greg P.</p> <p></p> <p>This article provides a tutorial introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) research for those involved in Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). The general theme is that much of the current work in AI, particularly in the areas of natural language understanding systems, rule induction, programming languages, and socratic systems, has important…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...65M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...65M"><span>High precision Al-Mg systematics of forsterite-bearing Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV3 chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>MacPherson, G. J.; Bullock, E. S.; Tenner, T. J.; Nakashima, D.; Kita, N. T.; Ivanova, M. A.; Krot, A. N.; Petaev, M. I.; Jacobsen, S. B.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>In order to further elucidate possible temporal relationships between different varieties of calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), we measured the aluminum-magnesium isotopic systematics of seven examples of the rare type known as forsterite-bearing Type B (FoB) inclusions from four different CV3 carbonaceous chondrites: Allende, Efremovka, NWA 3118, and Vigarano. The primary phases (forsterite, Al-Ti-rich diopside, spinel, melilite, and anorthite) in each inclusion were analyzed in situ using high-precision secondary ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS). In all cases, minerals with low Al/Mg ratios (all except anorthite) yield well-defined internal Al-Mg isochrons, with a range of initial 26Al/27Al ratios [(26Al/27Al)0] ranging from (5.30 ± 0.22) × 10-5 down to (4.17 ± 0.43) × 10-5. Anorthite in all cases is significantly disturbed relative to the isochrons defined by the other phases in the same <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, and in several cases contains no resolved excesses of radiogenic 26Mg (δ26Mg∗) even at 27Al/24Mg ratios greater than 1000. The fact that some FoBs preserve (26Al/27Al)0 of ∼5.2 × 10-5, close to the canonical value of (5.23 ± 0.13) × 10-5 inferred from bulk magnesium-isotope measurements of CV <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (B. Jacobsen et al., 2008), demonstrates that FoBs began forming very early, contemporaneous with other more-refractory <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The range of (26Al/27Al)0 values further shows that FoBs continued to be reprocessed over ∼200,000 years of nebular history, consistent with results obtained for other types of igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CV chondrites. The absence of any correlation between of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> + FoB formation or reprocessing times with bulk composition or <span class="hlt">CAI</span> type means that there is no temporal evolutionary sequence between the diverse <span class="hlt">CAI</span> types. The initial δ26Mg∗ value in the most primitive FoB (SJ101) is significantly lower than the canonical solar system value of -0.040 ± 0.029‰.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED058725.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED058725.pdf"><span>Who Should Develop Instructional Materials for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Seidel, Robert J.</p> <p></p> <p>The nonprofit special organization as a developer of computer-administered instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is advocated in this paper. The organization of universities and their mode of operation do not lend themselves to instructional product development. Faculty members engage in such efforts on a part-time basis and in competition with higher priority…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006931','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006931"><span>Northwest Africa 10758: A New CV3 Chondrite Bearing a Giant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with Hibonite-Rich Wark-Lovering Rim</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Zolensky, M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Northwest Africa (NWA) 10758 is a newly identified carbonaceous chondrite that is a Bali-like oxidized CV3. The large Ca-Al rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in this sample is approx. 2.4 x 1.4 cm. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is transitional in composition between type A and type B, with interior mineralogy dominated by melilite, plus less abundant spinel and Al-Ti rich diopside, and only very minor anorthite (Fig. 1A). This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is largely free of secondary alteration in the exposed section we examined, with almost no nepheline, sodalite or Ca-Fe silicates. The Wark-Lovering (WL) rim on this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is dominated by hibonite, with lower abundances of spinel and perovskite, and with hibonite locally overlain by melilite plus perovskite (as in Fig. 1B). Note that the example shown in 1B is exceptional. Around most of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, hibonite + spinel + perovskite form the WL rim, without overlying melilite. The WL rim can be unusually thick, ranging from approx.20 microns up to approx. 150 microns. A well-developed, stratified accretionary rim infills embayments of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and thins over protuberances in the convoluted <span class="hlt">CAI</span> surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950042229&hterms=FeTiO3&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFeTiO3','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950042229&hterms=FeTiO3&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFeTiO3"><span>An ion microprobe study of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CO3 meteorites. [Abstract only</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Russell, S. S.; Greenwood, R. C.; Fahey, A. J.; Huss, G. R.; Wasserburg, G. J.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>When attempting to interpret the history of Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) it is often difficult to distinguish between primary features inherited from the nebula and those produced during secondary processing on the parent body. We have undertaken a systematic study of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from 10 CO chondrites, believed to represent a metamorphic sequence with the goal of distinguishing primary and secondary features. ALHA 77307 (3.0), Colony (3.0), Kainsaz (3.1), Felix (3.2), ALH 82101 (3.3), Ornans (3.3), Lance (3.4), ALHA 77003 (3.5), Warrenton (3.6), and Isna (3.7) were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. We have identified 141 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> within these samples, and studied in detail the petrology of 34 inclusions. The primary phases in the lower petrologic types are spinel, melilite, and hibonite. Perovskite, FeS, ilmenite, anorthite, kirschsteinite, and metallic Fe are present as minor phases. Melilite becomes less abundant in higher petrologic types and was not detected in chondrites of type 3.5 and above, confirming previous reports that this mineral easily breaks down during heating. Iron, an element that would not be expected to condense at high temperatures, has a lower abundance in spinel from low-petrologic-type meteorites than those of higher grade, and CaTiO3 is replaced by FeTiO3 in meteorites of higher petrologic type. The abundance of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is similar in each meteorite. Eight inclusions have been analyzed by ion probe. The results are summarized. The results obtained to date show that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CO meteorites, like those from other meteorite classes, contain Mg* and that Mg in some inclusions has been redistributed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26133743','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26133743"><span>Gender Role, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> ("XY-Women") Compared With Subfertile and Infertile 46,XX Women.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brunner, Franziska; Fliegner, Maike; Krupp, Kerstin; Rall, Katharina; Brucker, Sara; Richter-Appelt, Hertha</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The perception of gender development of individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) as unambiguously female has recently been challenged in both qualitative data and case reports of male gender identity. The aim of the mixed-method study presented was to examine the self-perception of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> individuals regarding different aspects of gender and to identify commonalities and differences in comparison with subfertile and infertile XX-chromosomal women with diagnoses of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study sample comprised 11 participants with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, 49 with MRKHS, and 55 with PCOS. Gender identity was assessed by means of a multidimensional instrument, which showed significant differences between the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> group and the XX-chromosomal women. Other-than-female gender roles and neither-female-nor-male sexes/genders were reported only by individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. The percentage with a not exclusively androphile sexual orientation was unexceptionally high in the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> group compared to the prevalence in "normative" women and the clinical groups. The findings support the assumption made by Meyer-Bahlburg ( 2010 ) that gender outcome in people with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> is more variable than generally stated. Parents and professionals should thus be open to courses of gender development other than typically female in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667070','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667070"><span>Na/Ca exchange in the basolateral membrane of the A6 cell monolayer: role in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> homeostasis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brochiero, E; Raschi, C; Ehrenfeld, J</p> <p>1995-05-01</p> <p>The presence of a Na/Ca exchanger in A6 cells was investigated by measuring intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) fluctuations and the 45Ca fluxes through the basolateral membranes (blm) of the cell monolayer. Removal of Na+ from the medium produced a transient increase in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> followed by a regulatory phase returning <span class="hlt">Cai</span> to control levels in 3-4 min, this phase being greatly accelerated (< 60 s) by NaCl addition (apparent Km of approximately 5 mM Na+). The <span class="hlt">Cai</span> increase was only found with the Na(+)-free medium on the basolateral side of the cell monolayer. A twofold increase in the 45Ca influx was observed under these conditions. In Ca(2+)- depleted cells, the initial <span class="hlt">Cai</span> increase after Ca2+ addition to the medium was greater when the putative Na/Ca exchanger was not functioning (i.e. in a Na(+)-free medium). 45Ca effluxes through the blm of the monolayer were greatly and transiently increased by a Na(+)-free medium on the serosal side and blocked by orthovanadate (1 mM). The <span class="hlt">Cai</span> increased induced by a hypo-osmotic shock was greater in cells bathed in a Na(+)-medium, conditions expected to block the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger. These findings support the hypothesis that a Na/Ca exchanger is present on the blm of A6 cells and affirm its role in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> homeostasis in steady-state conditions and following osmotic shock. In addition, a Ca2+ pump also located on the blm and Ca2+ stores sensitive to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate were found to be implicated in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> homeostasis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5383392','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5383392"><span>Design specifications for NALDA (Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (computer aided instruction): Phase 2, Interim report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Twitty, A.F.; Handler, B.H.; Duncan, L.D.</p> <p></p> <p>Data Systems Engineering Organization (DSEO) personnel are developing a prototype computer aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) system for the Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis (NALDA) system. The objective of this project is to provide a prototype for implementing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as an enhancement to existing NALDA training. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> prototype project is being performed in phases. The task undertaken in Phase I was to analyze the problem and the alternative solutions and to develop a set of recommendations on how best to proceed. In Phase II a structured design and specification document was completed that will provide the basis for development and implementationmore » of the desired <span class="hlt">CAI</span> system. Phase III will consist of designing, developing, and testing a user interface which will extend the features of the Phase II prototype. The design of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> prototype has followed a rigorous structured analysis based on Yourdon/DeMarco methodology and Information Engineering tools. This document includes data flow diagrams, a data dictionary, process specifications, an entity-relationship diagram, a curriculum description, special function key definitions, and a set of standards developed for the NALDA <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Prototype.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0175O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0175O"><span>The impact of the use of different satellite data as training data against GOSAT-2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 L2 cloud discrimination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oishi, Y.; Ishida, H.; Nakajima, T. Y.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite-2 (GOSAT-2) will be launched in fiscal 2017 to determine atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, CH4, and CO. GOSAT-2 will be equipped with two sensors: the Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO)-Fourier Transform Spectrometer-2 (FTS-2) and TANSO-Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2). <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 is a push-broom imaging sensor that has forward- and backward-looking bands for observing the optical properties of aerosols and clouds, and for monitoring the status of urban air pollution and transboundary air pollution over oceans. An important role of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 is to perform cloud discrimination in each direction. The Cloud and Aerosol Unbiased Decision Intellectual Algorithm (CLAUDIA1), which applies sequential threshold tests to features, has been used in GOSAT <span class="hlt">CAI</span> L2 cloud flag processing. If CLAUDIA1 used with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2, it is necessary to optimize the thresholds in accordance with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2. Meanwhile, CLAUDIA3 using support vector machines (SVM), which is a supervised pattern recognition method, was developed for GOSAT-2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 L2 cloud discrimination processing. Thus, CLAUDIA3 can automatically find the optimized boundary between clear and cloudy. Improvement of the CLAUDIA3 used with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (CLAUDIA3-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) has carried out and is still continuing. In this study we compared results of CLAUDIA3-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> using Terra MODIS data and GOSAT <span class="hlt">CAI</span> data as training data to clarify the impact of the use of different satellite data as training data against GOSAT-2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 L2 cloud discrimination. We will present our latest results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=binary+AND+number+AND+system+AND+computers&pg=3&id=ED198791','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=binary+AND+number+AND+system+AND+computers&pg=3&id=ED198791"><span>A Multi-Media <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Terminal Based upon a Microprocessor with Applications for the Handicapped.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brebner, Ann; Hallworth, H. J.</p> <p></p> <p>The design of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> interface described is based on the microprocessor in order to meet three basic requirements for providing appropriate instruction to the developmentally handicapped: (1) portability, so that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> can be taken into the customary learning environment; (2) reliability; and (3) flexibility, to permit use of new input and output…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001393','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001393"><span>A FIB/TEM Study of a Complex Wark-Lovering Rim on a Vigarano <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Keller, L. P.; Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Wark-Lovering (WL) rims are thin multilayered mineral sequences that surround most Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). Several processes have been proposed for WL rim formation, including condensation, flash-heating or reaction with a nebular reservoir, or combinations of these [e.g. 1-7], but no consensus exists. Our previous coordinated transmission electron microscope (TEM) and NanoSIMS O isotopic measurements showed that a WL rim experienced flash heating events in a nebular environment with planetary O isotopic composition, distinct from the (16)O-rich formation environment [6]. Our efforts have focused on <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the CV(sub red) chondrites, especially Vigarano, because these have escaped much of the parent body alteration effects that are common in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV(sub ox) group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED186017.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED186017.pdf"><span>Low-Cost Computer-Aided Instruction/Computer-Managed Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CMI) System: Feasibility Study. Final Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lintz, Larry M.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>This study investigated the feasibility of a low cost computer-aided instruction/computer-managed instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CMI) system. Air Force instructors and training supervisors were surveyed to determine the potential payoffs of various <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CMI functions. Results indicated that a wide range of capabilities had potential for resident technical…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1062R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1062R"><span>A new model for the origin of Type-B and Fluffy Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Analogies to remelted compound chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rubin, Alan E.</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>In the scenario developed here, most types of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) formed near the Sun where they developed Wark-Lovering rims before being transported by aerodynamic forces throughout the nebula. The amount of ambient dust in the nebula varied with heliocentric distance, peaking in the CV-CK formation location. Literature data show that accretionary rims (which occur outside the Wark-Lovering rims) around <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain substantial 16O-rich forsterite, suggesting that, at this time, the ambient dust in the nebula consisted largely of 16O-rich forsterite. Individual sub-millimeter-size Compact Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (each surrounded by a Wark-Lovering rim) collided in the CV-CK region and stuck together (in a manner similar to that of sibling compound chondrules); the CTAs were mixed with small amounts of 16O-rich mafic dust and formed centimeter-size compound objects (large Fluffy Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) after experiencing minor melting. In contrast to other types of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, centimeter-size Type-B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed directly in the CV-CK region after gehlenite-rich Compact Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> collided and stuck together, incorporated significant amounts of 16O-rich forsteritic dust (on the order of 10-15%) and probably some anorthite, and experienced extensive melting and partial evaporation. (Enveloping compound chondrules formed in an analogous manner.) In those cases where appreciably higher amounts of 16O-rich forsterite (on the order of 25%) (and perhaps minor anorthite and pyroxene) were incorporated into compound Type-A objects prior to melting, centimeter-size forsterite-bearing Type-B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (B3 inclusions) were produced. Type-B1 inclusions formed from B2 inclusions that collided with and stuck to melilite-rich Compact Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and experienced high-temperature processing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED153600.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED153600.pdf"><span>The Cost of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: A Matter of Assumptions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kearsley, Greg P.</p> <p></p> <p>Cost estimates for Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) depend crucially upon the particular assumptions made about the components of the system to be included in the costs, the expected lifetime of the system and courseware, and the anticipated student utilization of the system/courseware. The cost estimates of three currently operational systems…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=107209','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=107209"><span>Regulation of the Carnitine Pathway in Escherichia coli: Investigation of the <span class="hlt">cai</span>-fix Divergent Promoter Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Buchet, Anne; Eichler, Knut; Mandrand-Berthelot, Marie-Andrée</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>The divergent structural operons <span class="hlt">cai</span>TABCDE and fixABCX of Escherichia coli are required for anaerobic carnitine metabolism. Transcriptional monocopy lacZ fusion studies showed that both operons are coexpressed during anaerobic growth in the presence of carnitine, respond to common environmental stimuli (like glucose and nitrate), and are modulated positively by the same general regulators, CRP and FNR, and negatively by H-NS. Overproduction of the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>F specific regulatory protein mediating the carnitine signal restored induction in an fnr mutant, corresponding to its role as the primary target for anaerobiosis. Transcript analysis identified two divergent transcription start points initiating 289 bp apart. DNase I footprinting revealed three sites with various affinities for the binding of the cAMP-CRP complex inside this regulatory region. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that previously reported perfect CRP motif 1, centered at −41.5 of the <span class="hlt">cai</span> transcriptional start site, plays a direct role in the sole <span class="hlt">cai</span> activation. In contrast, mutation in CRP site 2, positioned at −69.5 of the fix promoter, caused only a threefold reduction in fix expression. Thus, the role of the third CRP site, located at −126.5 of fix, might be to reinforce the action of site 2. A critical 50-bp cis-acting sequence overlapping the fix mRNA start site was found, by deletion analysis, to be necessary for <span class="hlt">cai</span> transcription. This region is thought to be involved in transduction of the signal mediated by the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>F regulator. PMID:9573142</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542412','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542412"><span>The Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>): development and validation of an empirically derived, brief interview-based measure of cognition.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ventura, Joseph; Reise, Steven P; Keefe, Richard S E; Baade, Lyle E; Gold, James M; Green, Michael F; Kern, Robert S; Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle; Nuechterlein, Keith H; Seidman, Larry J; Bilder, Robert M</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>Practical, reliable "real world" measures of cognition are needed to supplement neurocognitive performance data to evaluate possible efficacy of new drugs targeting cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Because interview-based measures of cognition offer one possible approach, data from the MATRICS initiative (n=176) were used to examine the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the Clinical Global Impression of Cognition in Schizophrenia (CGI-CogS). We used classical test theory methods and item response theory to derive the 10-item Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the SCoRS and CGI-CogS ("parent instruments"). Sources of information for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ratings included the patient and an informant. Validity analyses examined the relationship between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and objective measures of cognitive functioning, intermediate measures of cognition, and functional outcome. The rater's score from the newly derived <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (10 items) correlate highly (r=.87) with those from the combined set of the SCoRS and CGI-CogS (41 items). Both the patient (r=.82) and the informant (r=.95) data were highly correlated with the rater's score. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was modestly correlated with objectively measured neurocognition (r=-.32), functional capacity (r=-.44), and functional outcome (r=-.32), which was comparable to the parent instruments. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> allows for expert judgment in evaluating a patient's cognitive functioning and was modestly correlated with neurocognitive functioning, functional capacity, and functional outcome. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a brief, repeatable, and potentially valuable tool for rating cognition in schizophrenia patients who are participating in clinical trials. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...25W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...25W"><span>Thermal and chemical evolution in the early solar system as recorded by FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Part I - Petrology, mineral chemistry, and isotopic composition of Allende FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> CMS-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Williams, C. D.; Ushikubo, T.; Bullock, E. S.; Janney, P. E.; Hines, R. R.; Kita, N. T.; Hervig, R. L.; MacPherson, G. J.; Mendybaev, R. A.; Richter, F. M.; Wadhwa, M.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Detailed petrologic, geochemical and isotopic analyses of a new FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the Allende CV3 meteorite (designated CMS-1) indicate that it formed by extensive melting and evaporation of primitive precursor material(s). The precursor material(s) condensed in a 16O-rich region (δ17O and δ18O ∼ -49‰) of the inner solar nebula dominated by gas of solar composition at total pressures of ∼10-3-10-6 bar. Subsequent melting of the precursor material(s) was accompanied by evaporative loss of magnesium, silicon and oxygen resulting in large mass-dependent isotope fractionations in these elements (δ25Mg = 30.71-39.26‰, δ29Si = 14.98-16.65‰, and δ18O = -41.57 to -15.50‰). This evaporative loss resulted in a bulk composition similar to that of compact Type A and Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, but very distinct from the composition of the original precursor condensate(s). Kinetic fractionation factors and the measured mass-dependent fractionation of silicon and magnesium in CMS-1 suggest that ∼80% of the silicon and ∼85% of the magnesium were lost from its precursor material(s) through evaporative processes. These results suggest that the precursor material(s) of normal and FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> condensed in similar environments, but subsequently evolved under vastly different conditions such as total gas pressure. The chemical and isotopic differences between normal and FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> could be explained by sorting of early solar system materials into distinct physical and chemical regimes, in conjunction with discrete heating events, within the protoplanetary disk.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3184638','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3184638"><span>The Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>): Development and Validation of an Empirically Derived, Brief Interview-Based Measure of Cognition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ventura, Joseph; Reise, Steven P.; Keefe, Richard S. E.; Baade, Lyle E.; Gold, James M.; Green, Michael F.; Kern, Robert S.; Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle; Nuechterlein, Keith H.; Seidman, Larry J.; Bilder, Robert M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Practical, reliable “real world” measures of cognition are needed to supplement neurocognitive performance data to evaluate possible efficacy of new drugs targeting cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Because interview-based measures of cognition offer one possible approach, data from the MATRICS initiative (n=176) were used to examine the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the Clinical Global Impression of Cognition in Schizophrenia (CGI-CogS). Method We used classical test theory methods and item response theory to derive the 10 item Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the SCoRS and CGI-Cogs (“parent instruments”). Sources of information for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ratings included the patient and an informant. Validity analyses examined the relationship between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and objective measures of cognitive functioning, intermediate measures of cognition, and functional outcome. Results The rater’s score from the newly derived <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (10-items) correlate highly (r = .87) with those from the combined set of the SCoRS and CGI-CogS (41 items). Both the patient (r= .82) and the informant (r= .95) data were highly correlated with the rater’s score. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was modestly correlated with objectively measured neurocognition (r = −.32), functional capacity (r = −.44), and functional outcome (r = −.32), which was comparable to the parent instruments. Conclusions The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> allows for expert judgment in evaluating a patient’s cognitive functioning and was modestly correlated with neurocognitive functioning, functional capacity, and functional outcome. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a brief, repeatable, and potentially valuable tool for rating cognition in schizophrenia patients who are participating in clinical trials. PMID:20542412</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6355F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6355F"><span>Oxygen, Magnesium, and Aluminum Isotopes in the Ivuna <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Re-Examining High-Temperature Fractionations in CI Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frank, D. R.; Huss, G. R.; Nagashima, K.; Zolensky, M. E.; Le, L.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The only whole <span class="hlt">CAI</span> preserved in the aqueously altered CI chondrites is 16O-rich and has no resolvable radiogenic Mg. Accretion of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by the CI parent object(s) may limit the precision of cosmochemical models that require a CI starting composition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED078681.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED078681.pdf"><span>An Intelligent <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Monitor and Generative Tutor. Interim Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Koffman, Elliot B.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>Design techniques for generative computer-assisted-instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) systems are described in this report. These are systems capable of generating problems for students and of deriving and monitoring solutions; problem difficulty, instructional pace, and depth of monitoring are all individually tailored and parts of the solution algorithms can…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED343582.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED343582.pdf"><span>The <span class="hlt">CAI</span>/Cooperative Learning Project. First Year Evaluation Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Beyer, Francine S.</p> <p></p> <p>This report presents a first year evaluation of the Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>)/ Cooperative Learning Project, a 3-year collaborative effort by two Pennsylvania school districts--the Pittston Area School District and the Hatboro-Horsham School District--and Research for Better Schools (RBS). The project proposed to integrate advanced…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1066307.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1066307.pdf"><span>A Study of Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) over Classroom Lecture (CRL) at ICS Level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kaousar, Tayyeba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with classroom lecture and computer-assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypotheses of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22078296-variable-extreme-irradiation-conditions-early-solar-system-inferred-from-initial-abundance-sup-isheyevo-cais','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22078296-variable-extreme-irradiation-conditions-early-solar-system-inferred-from-initial-abundance-sup-isheyevo-cais"><span>VARIABLE AND EXTREME IRRADIATION CONDITIONS IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM INFERRED FROM THE INITIAL ABUNDANCE OF {sup 10}Be IN ISHEYEVO <span class="hlt">CAIs</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gounelle, Matthieu; Chaussidon, Marc; Rollion-Bard, Claire, E-mail: gounelle@mnhn.fr</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>A search for short-lived {sup 10}Be in 21 calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from Isheyevo, a rare CB/CH chondrite, showed that only 5 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> had {sup 10}B/{sup 11}B ratios higher than chondritic correlating with the elemental ratio {sup 9}Be/{sup 11}B, suggestive of in situ decay of this key short-lived radionuclide. The initial ({sup 10}Be/{sup 9}Be){sub 0} ratios vary between {approx}10{sup -3} and {approx}10{sup -2} for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411. The initial ratio of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411 is one order of magnitude higher than the highest ratio found in CV3 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, suggesting that the more likely origin of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411 {sup 10}Be is early solar systemmore » irradiation. The low ({sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al){sub 0} [{<=} 8.9 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -7}] with which <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411 formed indicates that it was exposed to gradual flares with a proton fluence of a few 10{sup 19} protons cm{sup -2}, during the earliest phases of the solar system, possibly the infrared class 0. The irradiation conditions for other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are less well constrained, with calculated fluences ranging between a few 10{sup 19} and 10{sup 20} protons cm{sup -2}. The variable and extreme value of the initial {sup 10}Be/{sup 9}Be ratios in carbonaceous chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is the reflection of the variable and extreme magnetic activity in young stars observed in the X-ray domain.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090020501','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090020501"><span>Rare Earth Element Measurements of Melilite and Fassaite in Allende <span class="hlt">Cai</span> by Nanosims</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ito, M.; Messenger, Scott</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The rare earth elements (REEs) are concentrated in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by approx. 20 times the chondritic average [e.g., 1]. The REEs in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are important to understand processes of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation including the role of volatilization, condensation, and fractional crystallization [1,2]. REE measurements are a well established application of ion microprobes [e.g., 3]. However the spatial resolution of REE measurements by ion microprobe (approx.20 m) is not adequate to resolve heterogeneous distributions of REEs among/within minerals. We have developed methods for measuring REE with the NanoSIMS 50L at smaller spatial scales. Here we present our initial measurements of REEs in melilite and fassaite in an Allende Type-A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with the JSC NanoSIMS 50L. We found that the key parameters for accurate REE abundance measurements differ between the NanoSIMS and conventional SIMS, in particular the oxide-to-element ratios, the relative sensitivity factors, the energy distributions, and requisite energy offset. Our REE abundance measurements of the 100 ppm REE diopside glass standards yielded good reproducibility and accuracy, 0.5-2.5 % and 5-25 %, respectively. We determined abundances and spatial distributions of REEs in core and rim within single crystals of fassaite, and adjacent melilite with 5-10 m spatial resolution. The REE abundances in fassaite core and rim are 20-100 times CI abundance but show a large negative Eu anomaly, exhibiting a well-defined Group III pattern. This is consistent with previous work [4]. On the other hand, adjacent melilite shows modified Group II pattern with no strong depletions of Eu and Yb, and no Tm positive anomaly. REE abundances (2-10 x CI) were lower than that of fassaite. These patterns suggest that fassaite crystallized first followed by a crystallization of melilite from the residual melt. In future work, we will carry out a correlated study of O and Mg isotopes and REEs of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in order to better understand the nature and timescales of its</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012819','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012819"><span>Stable Magnesium Isotope Variation in Melilite Mantle of Allende Type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> EK 459-5-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kerekgyarto, A. G.; Jeffcoat, C. R.; Lapen, T. J.; Andreasen, R.; Righter, M.; Ross, D. K.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are the earliest formed crystalline material in our solar system and they record early Solar System processes. Here we present petrographic and delta Mg-25 data of melilite mantles in a Type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> that records early solar nebular processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841405','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841405"><span>Oxygen reservoirs in the early solar nebula inferred from an Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Young, E D; Russell, S S</p> <p>1998-10-16</p> <p>Ultraviolet laser microprobe analyses of a calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the Allende meteorite suggest that a line with a slope of exactly 1.00 on a plot of delta (17)O against delta (18)O represents the primitive oxygen isotope reservoir of the early solar nebula. Most meteorites are enriched in (17)O and (18)O relative to this line, and their oxygen isotope ratios can be explained by mass fractionation or isotope exchange initiating from the primitive reservoir. These data establish a link between the oxygen isotopic composition of the abundant ordinary chondrites and the primitive (16)O-rich component of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774267','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774267"><span>Oxygen reservoirs in the early solar nebula inferred from an allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Young; Russell</p> <p>1998-10-16</p> <p>Ultraviolet laser microprobe analyses of a calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the Allende meteorite suggest that a line with a slope of exactly 1.00 on a plot of delta17O against delta18O represents the primitive oxygen isotope reservoir of the early solar nebula. Most meteorites are enriched in 17O and 18O relative to this line, and their oxygen isotope ratios can be explained by mass fractionation or isotope exchange initiating from the primitive reservoir. These data establish a link between the oxygen isotopic composition of the abundant ordinary chondrites and the primitive 16O-rich component of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750022313','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750022313"><span>Alternative communication network designs for an operational Plato 4 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mobley, R. E., Jr.; Eastwood, L. F., Jr.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>The cost of alternative communications networks for the dissemination of PLATO IV computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) was studied. Four communication techniques are compared: leased telephone lines, satellite communication, UHF TV, and low-power microwave radio. For each network design, costs per student contact hour are computed. These costs are derived as functions of student population density, a parameter which can be calculated from census data for one potential market for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, the public primary and secondary schools. Calculating costs in this way allows one to determine which of the four communications alternatives can serve this market least expensively for any given area in the U.S. The analysis indicates that radio distribution techniques are cost optimum over a wide range of conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008E%26PSL.272..353J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008E%26PSL.272..353J"><span>26Al- 26Mg and 207Pb- 206Pb systematics of Allende <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Canonical solar initial 26Al/ 27Al ratio reinstated</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jacobsen, Benjamin; Yin, Qing-zhu; Moynier, Frederic; Amelin, Yuri; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Hutcheon, Ian D.; Palme, Herbert</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>The precise knowledge of the initial 26Al/ 27Al ratio [( 26Al/ 27Al) 0] is crucial if we are to use the very first solid objects formed in our Solar System, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) as the "time zero" age-anchor and guide future work with other short-lived radio-chronometers in the early Solar System, as well as determining the inventory of heat budgets from radioactivities for early planetary differentiation. New high-precision multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) measurements of 27Al/ 24Mg ratios and Mg-isotopic compositions of nine whole-rock <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (six mineralogically characterized fragments and three micro-drilled inclusions) from the CV carbonaceous chondrite, Allende yield a well-defined 26Al- 26Mg fossil isochron with an ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 of (5.23 ± 0.13) × 10 - 5 . Internal mineral isochrons obtained for three of these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> ( A44A, AJEF, and A43) are consistent with the whole-rock <span class="hlt">CAI</span> isochron. The mineral isochron of AJEF with ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 = (4.96 ± 0.25) × 10 - 5 , anchored to our precisely determined absolute 207Pb- 206Pb age of 4567.60 ± 0.36 Ma for the same mineral separates, reinstate the "canonical" ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 of 5 × 10 - 5 for the early Solar System. The uncertainty in ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 corresponds to a maximum time span of ± 20 Ka (thousand years), suggesting that the Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation events were culminated within this time span. Although all Allende <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> studied experienced multistage formation history, including melting and evaporation in the solar nebula and post-crystallization alteration likely on the asteroidal parent body, the 26Al- 26Mg and U-Pb-isotopic systematics of the mineral separates and bulk <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> behaved largely as closed-system since their formation. Our data do not support the "supra-canonical" 26Al/ 27Al ratio of individual minerals or their mixtures in CV <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, suggesting that the supra-canonical 26Al/ 27Al ratio in the CV <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> may have resulted from post</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005632','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005632"><span>Multiple Nebular Gas Reservoirs Recorded by Oxygen Isotope Variation in a Spinel-rich <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in CO3 MIL 090019</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Simon, J. I.; Simon, S. B.; Nguyen, A. N.; Ross, D. K.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>We conducted NanoSIMS O-isotopic imaging of a primitive spinel-rich <span class="hlt">CAI</span> spherule (27-2) from the MIL 090019 CO3 chondrite. Inclusions such as 27-2 are proposed to record inner nebula processes during an epoch of rapid solar nebula evolution. Mineralogical and textural analyses suggest that this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formed by high temperature reactions, partial melting, and condensation. This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> exhibits radial O-isotopic heterogeneity among multiple occurrences of the same mineral, reflecting interactions with distinct nebular O-isotopic reservoirs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012818','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012818"><span>In Situ Trace Element Analysis of an Allende Type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: EK-459-5-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jeffcoat, C. R.; Kerekgyarto, A.; Lapen, T. J.; Andreasen, R.; Righter, M.; Ross, D. K.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Variations in refractory major and trace element composition of calcium, aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) provide constraints on physical and chemical conditions and processes in the earliest stages of the Solar System. Previous work indicates that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have experienced complex histories involving, in many cases, multiple episodes of condensation, evaporation, and partial melting. We have analyzed major and trace element abundances in two core to rim transects of the melilite mantle as well as interior major phases of a Type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (EK-459-5-1) from Allende by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to investigate the behavior of key trace elements with a primary focus on the REEs Tm and Yb.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.983a2100Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.983a2100Y"><span>The enhancement of students’ mathematical representation in junior high school using cognitive apprenticeship instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yusepa, B. G. P.; Kusumah, Y. S.; Kartasasmita, B. G.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This study aims to get an in-depth understanding of the enhancement of students’ mathematical representation. This study is experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The subject of this study is the students’ of the eighth grade from junior high schools in Bandung: high-level and middle-level. In each school, two parallel groups were chosen as a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was given cognitive apprenticeship instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) treatment while the control group was given conventional learning. The results show that the enhancement of students’ mathematical representation who obtained <span class="hlt">CAI</span> treatment was better than the conventional one, viewed which can be observed from the overall, mathematical prior knowledge (MPK), and school level. It can be concluded that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> can be used as a good alternative learning model to enhance students’ mathematical representation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoJI.211...80Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoJI.211...80Y"><span>Mantle transition zone discontinuities beneath the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yu, Youqiang; Zhao, Dapeng; Lei, Jianshe</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>To better understand geodynamic processes of intracontinental mountain building, we conduct a systematic investigation of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and its surrounding areas using a receiver function method under non-plane wave front assumption. The resulting apparent depths of the 410 km (d410) and 660 km (d660) discontinuities and the MTZ thickness display significant lateral variations. Both the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and the Pamir Plateau are characterized by a thick MTZ, which can be well explained by the existence of lithospheric segments resulted from possible break-off of the subducted slab or lithosphere delamination. A thin MTZ and an obviously depressed d410, which may be induced by asthenosphere upwelling associated with the dropping lithospheric segment, are revealed beneath the Kazakh Shield. Seismic evidence is obtained for the potential existence of lower mantle upwelling beneath the Tarim Basin based on the observed thin MTZ and relatively significant uplift of d660. The subduction of the Kazakh Shield and Tarim lithosphere driven by the India-Eurasia collision possibly plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan orogenic belt, and the lower mantle upwelling revealed beneath the Tarim Basin may promote the uplift of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan by softening the upper mantle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006945','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006945"><span>Extending the granularity of representation and control for the MIL-STD <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> 1.0 node model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rogers, Kathy L.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The Common APSE (Ada 1 Program Support Environment) Interface Set (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) (DoD85) node model provides an excellent baseline for interfaces in a single-host development environment. To encompass the entire spectrum of computing, however, the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> model should be extended in four areas. It should provide the interface between the engineering workstation and the host system throughout the entire lifecycle of the system. It should provide a basis for communication and integration functions needed by distributed host environments. It should provide common interfaces for communications mechanisms to and among target processors. It should provide facilities for integration, validation, and verification of test beds extending to distributed systems on geographically separate processors with heterogeneous instruction set architectures (ISAS). Additions to the PROCESS NODE model to extend the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> into these four areas are proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100005633','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100005633"><span>FIB-NanoSIMS-TEM Coordinated Study of a Wark-Lovering Rim in a Vigarano Type A <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cai, A.; Ito, M.; Keller, L. P.; Ross, D. K.; Nakamura-Messenger, K.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Wark-Lovering (WL) rims are thin multi layered mineral sequences that surround most Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). Unaltered WL rims are composed of the same primary high temperature minerals as <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, such as melilite, spinel, pyroxene, hibonite, perovskite, anorthite and olivine. It is still unclear whether the rim minerals represent a different generation formed by a separate event from their associated <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> or are a byproduct of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation. Several models have been proposed for the origins of WL rims including condensation, flashheating, reaction of a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with a Mg-Si-rich reservoir (nebular gas or solid); on the basis of mineralogy, abundances of trace elements, O and Mg isotopic studies. Detailed mineralogical characterizations of WL rims at micrometer to nanometer scales have been obtained by TEM observations, but so far no coordinated isotopic - mineralogical studies have been performed. Thus, we have applied an O isotopic imaging technique by NanoSIMS 50L to investigate heterogeneous distributions of O isotopic ratios in minerals within a cross section of a WL rim prepared using a focused ion beam (FIB) instrument. After the isotopic measurements, we determine the detailed mineralogy and microstructure of the same WL FIB section to gain insight into its petrogenesis. Here we present preliminary results from O isotopic and elemental maps by NanoSIMS and mineralogical analysis by FE-SEM of a FIB section of a WL rim in the Vigarano reduced CV3 chondrite.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.221..275D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.221..275D"><span>Titanium isotopes and rare earth patterns in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Evidence for thermal processing and gas-dust decoupling in the protoplanetary disk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Davis, Andrew M.; Zhang, Junjun; Greber, Nicolas D.; Hu, Jingya; Tissot, François L. H.; Dauphas, Nicolas</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Titanium isotopic compositions (mass-dependent fractionation and isotopic anomalies) were measured in 46 calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from the Allende CV chondrite. After internal normalization to 49Ti/47Ti, we found that ε50Ti values are somewhat variable among <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, and that ε46Ti is highly correlated with ε50Ti, with a best-fit slope of 0.162 ± 0.030 (95% confidence interval). The linear correlation between ε46Ti and ε50Ti extends the same correlation seen among bulk solar objects (slope 0.184 ± 0.007). This observation provides constraints on dynamic mixing of the solar disk and has implications for the nucleosynthetic origin of titanium isotopes, specifically on the possible contributions from various types of supernovae to the solar system. Titanium isotopic mass fractionation, expressed as δ‧49Ti, was measured by both sample-standard bracketing and double-spiking. Most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are isotopically unfractionated, within a 95% confidence interval of normal, but a few are significantly fractionated and the range δ‧49Ti is from ∼-4 to ∼+4. Rare earth element patterns were measured in 37 of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. All <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with significant titanium mass fractionation effects have group II and related REE patterns, implying kinetically controlled volatility fractionation during the formation of these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....9292C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....9292C"><span>B and Mg isotopic variations in Leoville mrs-06 type B1 <span class="hlt">cai</span>:origin of 10Be and 26Al</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chaussidon, M.; Robert, F.; Russel, S. S.; Gounelle, M.; Ash, R. D.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>The finding [1-3] in Ca-Al-rich refractory inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) of primitive chondrites of traces of the in situ decay of radioactive 10Be (half-life 1.5Myr) indicates that irradiation of the protosolar nebula by the young Sun in its T-Tauri phase has produced significant amounts of the Li-Be-B elements. This irradiation may have produced also some or all of the short-lived 26Al (half-life 0.7Myr) and 41Ca (half-life 0.1Myr) previously detected in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. To constrain the origin of 10Be and 10Al it is important to look for coupled variations in the 10Be/9Be and 26Al/27Al ratios in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and to understand the processes responsible for these variations (e.g. variations in the fluences of irradiation, secondary perturbations of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, ...) We have thus studied the Li and B isotopic compositions and the Be/Li and Be/B concentration ratios in one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (MRS-06) from the Leoville CV3 chondrite in which large variations of the Mg isotopic compositions showing both the in situ decay of 26Al and the secondary redistribution of Mg isotopes have been observed [4]. The results show large variations for the Li and B isotopic compositions (^7Li/^6Li ranging from 11.02±0.21 to 11.82±0.07, and 10B/11B ratios ranging from 0.2457±0.0053 to 0.2980±0.0085). The ^7Li/^6Li ratio tend to decrease towards the rim of the inclusion. The 10B/11B ratios are positively correlated with the ^9Be/11B ratios indicating the in situ decay of 10Be. However perturbations of the 10Be/B system are observed. They would correspond to an event which occurred approximately 2Myr after the formation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the irradiation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursors which is responsible for the 10Be observed in the core of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. These perturbations seem compatible with those observed for the 26Al/Mg system but they might be due to an irradiation of the already-formed, isolated <span class="hlt">CAI</span> which would have resulted in increased 10Be/^9Be ratios and low ^7Li/^6Li ratios in the margin of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. [1] McKeegan K. D. et al. (2000</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006939','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006939"><span>Oxygen, Magnesium, and Aluminum Isotopes in the Ivuna <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Re-Examining High-Temperature Fractionations in CI Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Frank, D. R.; Huss, G. R.; Nagashima, K.; Zolensky, M. E.; Le, L.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>CI chondrites are thought to approximate the bulk solar system composition since they closely match the composition of the solar photosphere. Thus, chemical differences between a planetary object and the CI composition are interpreted to result from fractionations of a CI starting composition. This interpretation is often made despite the secondary mineralogy of CI chondrites, which resulted from low-T aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid(s). Prevalent alteration and the relatively large uncertainties in the photospheric abundances (approx. +/-5-10%) permit chemical fractionation of CI chondrites from the bulk solar system, if primary chondrules and/or <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have been altered beyond recognition. Isolated olivine and pyroxene grains that range from approx. 5 microns to several hundred microns have been reported in CI chondrites, and acid residues of Orgueil were found to contain refractory oxides with oxygen isotopic compositions matching <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. However, the only <span class="hlt">CAI</span> found to be unambiguously preserved in a CI chondrite was identified in Ivuna. The Ivuna <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s primary mineralogy, small size (approx.170 microns), and fine-grained igneous texture classify it as a compact type A. Aqueous alteration infiltrated large portions of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, but other regions remain pristine. The major primary phases are melilite (Ak 14-36 ), grossmanite (up to 20.8 wt.% TiO 2 ), and spinel. Both melilite and grossmanite have igneous textures and zoning patterns. An accretionary rim consists primarily of olivine (Fa 2-17 ) and low-Ca pyroxene (Fs 2-10 ), which could be either surviving CI2 material or a third lithology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.P33A1006Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.P33A1006Y"><span>Unraveling the Environmental Record of the Early Solar System: High Precision Laser Ablation Al-Mg Isotopes of Igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Young, E. D.; Simon, J. I.; Russell, S. S.; Tonui, E.; Krot, A.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Variations in intrinsic Mg isotope compositions provide a potentially rich record of the physiochemical evolution of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Moreover, Mg excesses from the short-lived 26Al chronometer can be used to constrain when these processes occurred; e.g., during the nebular phase and/or during the development of planetisimals (< 4 Myr). We obtained in situ UV (213 nm) laser ablation MC-ICPMS measurements of Al and Mg isotope ratios within core-to-rim traverses of igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> to place temporal constraints on when features of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed. Results provide tests of models for the chemical and isotopic evolution of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> involving volatilization and recondensation of elements in the solar nebula. We studied five CV3 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, including Allende 3576-1 "b", Allende M5, Leoville 144A, Leoville MRS3, and Efremovka E44. Our sample-standard comparison approach affords a precision <0.2 \\permil per amu (2s) for intrinsic Mg isotope measurements and <0.3 \\permil (2s) for measured 26Mg excesses. Intra-object variation in \\delta25Mg exists with values ranging from as low as -2 \\permil and as high as +8 \\permil (compared to DSM3). The distinct Mg isotope patterns in the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are difficult to explain by a single process or within a single nebular environment and likely require changing conditions or transfer of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from one nebular environment to another. The ˜pristine Mg isotope profile of Leoville 144A is compared to results produced by implicit finite difference modeling. Model curves reflect isotopic fractionation at the moving surface of a shrinking molten sphere coupled with diffusion-limited transport within the sphere. We find that using mass-dependant diffusivities increases \\delta25Mg with evaporation, but does not produce the tight curvature in the edgeward increases in \\delta25Mg characteristic of Leoville 144A. Three <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that exhibit edgeward \\delta25Mg decreases are well described by diffusion in a Mg-rich chondritic environment suggestive of nebular temperatures and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929731','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929731"><span>Consumption of fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> Nostoc soup: a potential for BMAA exposure from Nostoc cyanobacteria in China?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Roney, Britton R; Renhui, Li; Banack, Sandra Anne; Murch, Susan; Honegger, Rosmarie; Cox, Paul Alan</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Grown in arid regions of western China the cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme--called fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> in Mandarin and fat choy in Cantonese--is wild-harvested and used to make soup consumed during New Year's celebrations. High prices, up to $125 USD/kg, led to overharvesting in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang. Degradation of arid ecosystems, desertification, and conflicts between Nostoc harvesters and Mongol herdsmen concerned the Chinese environmental authorities, leading to a government ban of Nostoc commerce. This ban stimulated increased marketing of a substitute made from starch. We analysed samples purchased throughout China as well as in Chinese markets in the United States and the United Kingdom. Some were counterfeits consisting of dyed starch noodles. A few samples from California contained Nostoc flagelliforme but were adulterated with starch noodles. Other samples, including those from the United Kingdom, consisted of pure Nostoc flagelliforme. A recent survey of markets in Cheng Du showed no real Nostoc flagelliforme to be marketed. Real and artificial fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> differ in the presence of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Given its status as a high-priced luxury food, the government ban on collection and marketing, and the replacement of real fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> with starch substitutes consumed only on special occasions, it is anticipated that dietary exposure to BMAA from fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> will be reduced in the future in China.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140683','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140683"><span>Nanocomposite Phosphor Consisting of <span class="hlt">CaI</span>2:Eu2+ Single Nanocrystals Embedded in Crystalline SiO2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Daicho, Hisayoshi; Iwasaki, Takeshi; Shinomiya, Yu; Nakano, Akitoshi; Sawa, Hiroshi; Yamada, Wataru; Matsuishi, Satoru; Hosono, Hideo</p> <p>2017-11-29</p> <p>High luminescence efficiency is obtained in halide- and chalcogenide-based phosphors, but they are impractical because of their poor chemical durability. Here we report a halide-based nanocomposite phosphor with excellent luminescence efficiency and sufficient durability for practical use. Our approach was to disperse luminescent single nanocrystals of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 :Eu 2+ in a chemically stable, translucent crystalline SiO 2 matrix. Using this approach, we successfully prepared a nanocomposite phosphor by means of self-organization through a simple solid-state reaction. Single nanocrystals of 6H polytype (thr notation) <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 :Eu 2+ with diameters of about 50 nm could be generated not only in a SiO 2 amorphous powder but also in a SiO 2 glass plate. The nanocomposite phosphor formed upon solidification of molten <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 left behind in the crystalline SiO 2 that formed from the amorphous SiO 2 under the influence of a <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 flux effect. The resulting nanocomposite phosphor emitted brilliant blue luminescence with an internal quantum efficiency up to 98% upon 407 nm violet excitation. We used cathodoluminescence microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns to confirm that the blue luminescence was generated only by the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 :Eu 2+ single nanocrystals. The phosphor was chemically durable because the luminescence sites were embedded in the crystalline SiO 2 matrix. The phosphor is suitable for use in near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes. The concept for this nanocomposite phosphor can be expected to be effective for improvements in the practicality of poorly durable materials such as halides and chalcogenides.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2784433','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2784433"><span>Hunting and use of terrestrial fauna used by <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras from the Atlantic Forest coast (Brazil)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Background The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered one of the hotspots for conservation, comprising remnants of rain forest along the eastern Brazilian coast. Its native inhabitants in the Southeastern coast include the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras (descendants from Amerindians and European colonizers), with a deep knowledge on the natural resources used for their livelihood. Methods We studied the use of the terrestrial fauna in three <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çara communities, through open-ended interviews with 116 native residents. Data were checked through systematic observations and collection of zoological material. Results The dependence on the terrestrial fauna by <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras is especially for food and medicine. The main species used are Didelphis spp., Dasyprocta azarae, Dasypus novemcinctus, and small birds (several species of Turdidae). Contrasting with a high dependency on terrestrial fauna resources by native Amazonians, the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras do not show a constant dependency on these resources. Nevertheless, the occasional hunting of native animals represents a complimentary source of animal protein. Conclusion Indigenous or local knowledge on native resources is important in order to promote local development in a sustainable way, and can help to conserve biodiversity, particularly if the resource is sporadically used and not commercially exploited. PMID:19930595</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tecto..36..163B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tecto..36..163B"><span>Exhumation history of the western Kyrgyz <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan: Implications for intramontane basin formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bande, Alejandro; Sobel, Edward R.; Mikolaichuk, Alexander; Schmidt, Alexander; Stockli, Daniel F.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The dextral Talas-Fergana Fault separates the western from the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. Recent work has shed light on the Cenozoic evolution of the eastern and central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan; much less attention has been paid to the western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. In this contribution we present new thermochronological ages for the Fergana and Alai ranges that, combined with the available data set, constrain the Cenozoic exhumation history of the western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. Following a tectonically quiet early Cenozoic period, we suggest an onset of exhumation at 25 Ma. This early onset was followed by a period of slower exhumation and in some areas minor reheating. A final, strong late Miocene rapid cooling event is well represented in the western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan as in other sectors of the range. The early onset of uplift of the western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan dissected the previously continuous westernmost Parathethyan Sea, progressively isolating basins (e.g., Fergana, Tarim, and Alai basins) in the central Asian hinterland. Moreover, the coeval timing of late Miocene uplift along the length of entire <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan implies that neither the Pamir nor Tarim can be the sole driver for exhumation of the entire range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeCoA.153..183F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeCoA.153..183F"><span>Evidence for an early nitrogen isotopic evolution in the solar nebula from volatile analyses of a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the CV3 chondrite NWA 8616</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Füri, Evelyn; Chaussidon, Marc; Marty, Bernard</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Nitrogen and noble gas (Ne-Ar) abundances and isotope ratios, determined by CO2 laser extraction static mass spectrometry analysis, as well as Al-Mg and O isotope data from secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses, are reported for a type B calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the CV3 chondrite NWA 8616. The high (26Al/27Al)i ratio of (5.06 ± 0.50) × 10-5 dates the last melting event of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> at 39-99+109ka after "time zero", limiting the period during which high-temperature exchanges between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the nebular gas could have occurred to a very short time interval. Partial isotopic exchange with a 16O-poor reservoir resulted in Δ17O > -5‰ for melilite and anorthite, whereas spinel and Al-Ti-pyroxene retain the inferred original 16O-rich signature of the solar nebula (Δ17O ⩽ -20‰). The low 20Ne/22Ne (⩽0.83) and 36Ar/38Ar (⩽0.75) ratios of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rule out the presence of any trapped planetary or solar noble gases. Cosmogenic 21Ne and 38Ar abundances are consistent with a cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age of ∼14 to 20 Ma, assuming CR fluxes similar to modern ones, without any evidence for pre-irradiation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> before incorporation into the meteorite parent body. Strikingly, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> contains 1.4-3.4 ppm N with a δ15N value of +8‰ to +30‰. Even after correcting the measured δ15N values for cosmogenic 15N produced in situ, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is highly enriched in 15N compared to the protosolar nebula (δ15NPSN = -383 ± 8‰; Marty et al., 2011), implying that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-forming region was contaminated by 15N-rich material within the first 0.15 Ma of Solar System history, or, alternatively, that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was ejected into the outer Solar System where it interacted with a 15N-rich reservoir.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030110823&hterms=diversity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Ddiversity','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030110823&hterms=diversity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Ddiversity"><span>Al-rich Chondrules: Petrologic Basis for Their Diversity, and Relation to Type C <span class="hlt">CAIs</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>MacPherson, G. J.; Huss, G. R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Al-rich chondrules share mineralogical and chemical properties with, and are intermediate in a volatility sense between, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and ferromagnesian chondrules. In some way they must be petrogenetic links between the two. A recent upsurge of interest in Al-rich chondrules is due to their constituent plagioclase feldspar and Al-rich glass being amenable to successful ion microprobe searches for radiogenic Mg-26, the decay product of Al-26 (t(sub 1/2) = 720,000 y). This has allowed estimates to be made of the time duration between <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation and the onset of Al-rich (and possibly, by extension, ferromagnesian) chondrule formation, on the order of 1.5-2.5 million years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=red+AND+wings&id=ED189125','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=red+AND+wings&id=ED189125"><span>Evaluation of Title I <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Programs at Minnesota State Correctional Institutions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sandman, Richard S.; Welch, Wayne W.</p> <p></p> <p>Three Minnesota correctional institutions used computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on PLATO terminals to improve reading and mathematics skills: (1) the State Reformatory for Men, St. Cloud (males, ages 17-21); (2) the Minnesota Home School, Sauk Centre (males and females, ages 12-18); and (3) the State Training School, Red Wing (males, ages…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=accounting+AND+fundamentals&pg=7&id=EJ550830','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=accounting+AND+fundamentals&pg=7&id=EJ550830"><span>Role of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in an Introductory Computer Concepts Course.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Skudrna, Vincent J.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Discusses the role of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in undergraduate education via a survey of related literature and specific applications. Describes an undergraduate computer concepts course and includes appendices of instructions, flowcharts, programs, sample student work in accounting, COBOL instructional model, decision logic in a…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159472','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159472"><span>Changes in flavour and microbial diversity during natural fermentation of suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span>, a traditional food made in Northeast China.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Rina; Yu, Meiling; Liu, Xiaoyu; Meng, Lingshuai; Wang, Qianqian; Xue, Yating; Wu, Junrui; Yue, Xiqing</p> <p>2015-10-15</p> <p>We measured changes in the main physical and chemical properties, flavour compounds and microbial diversity in suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> during natural fermentation. The results showed that the pH and concentration of soluble protein initially decreased but were then maintained at a stable level; the concentration of nitrite increased in the initial fermentation stage and after reaching a peak it decreased significantly to a low level by the end of fermentation. Suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> was rich in 17 free amino acids. All of the free amino acids increased in concentration to different degrees, except histidine. Total free amino acids reached their highest levels in the mid-fermentation stage. The 17 volatile flavour components identified at the start of fermentation increased to 57 by the mid-fermentation stage; esters and aldehydes were in the greatest diversity and abundance, contributing most to the aroma of suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span>. Bacteria were more abundant and diverse than fungi in suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span>; 14 bacterial species were identified from the genera Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus. The predominant fungal species identified were Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida tropicalis and Penicillium expansum. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850054072&hterms=Prize&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DTitle%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DPrize','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850054072&hterms=Prize&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DTitle%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DPrize"><span>Willy: A prize noble Ur-Fremdling - Its history and implications for the formation of Fremdlinge and <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Armstrong, J. T.; El Goresy, A.; Wasserburg, G. J.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The structure and composition of Willy, a 150-micron-diameter Fremdling in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 5241 from the Allende meteorite, are investigated using optical, secondary-electron, and electron-backscatter microscopy and electron-microprobe analysis. The results are presented in diagrams, maps, tables, graphs, and micrographs and compared with those for other Allende Fremdlinge. Willy is found to have a concentric-zone structure comprising a complex porous core of magnetite, metal, sulfide, scheelite, and other minor phases; a compact magnetite-apatite mantle; a thin (20 microns or less) reaction-assemblage zone; and a dense outer rim of fassaite with minor spinel. A multistage formation sequence involving changes in T and fO2 and preceding the introduction of Willy into the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (which itself preceded <span class="hlt">CAI</span> spinel and silicate formation) is postulated, and it is inferred from the apparent lack of post-capture recrystallization that Willy has not been subjected to temperatures in excess of 600 C and may represent the precursor material for many other Fremdlinge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Body+AND+combat&pg=6&id=ED043228','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Body+AND+combat&pg=6&id=ED043228"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction in Engineering Dynamics. <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-Systems Memo Number 18.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sheldon, John W.</p> <p></p> <p>A 90-minute computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) unit course supplemented by a 1-hour lecture on the dynamic nature of three-dimensional rotations and Euler angles was given to 29 undergraduate engineering students. The area of Euler angles was selected because it is essential to problem-working in three-dimensional rotations of a rigid body, yet…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=histology&pg=5&id=EJ635928','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=histology&pg=5&id=EJ635928"><span>Web Pages: An Effective Method of Providing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Resource Material in Histology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McLean, Michelle</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Presents research that introduces computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) resource material as an integral part of the second-year histology course at the University of Natal Medical School. Describes the ease with which this software can be developed, using limited resources and available skills, while providing students with valuable learning…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA186080','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA186080"><span>A Prototype of Pilot Knowledge Evaluation by an Intelligent <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Computer -Aided Instruction) System Using a Bayesian Diagnostic Model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1987-06-01</p> <p>to a field of research called Computer-Aided Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a powerful methodology for enhancing the overall quaiity and effectiveness of...provides a very powerful tool for statistical inference, especially when pooling informations from different source is appropriate. Thus. prior...04 , 2 ’ .. ."k, + ++ ,,;-+-,..,,..v ->’,0,,.’ I The power of the model lies in its ability to adapt a diagnostic session to the level of knowledge</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005LPI....36.1525Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005LPI....36.1525Y"><span>Supra-Canonical Initial 26Al/27Al Indicate a 105 Year Residence Time for <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the Solar Proto-Planetary Disk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Young, E. D.; Simon, J. I.; Galy, A.; Russell, S. S.; Tonui, E. K.; Lovera, O.</p> <p>2005-03-01</p> <p>We present new UV laser ablation and acid digestion MC-ICPMS analyses of 8 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> showing that there was more 26Al in the early solar system than previously thought, and that the canonical initial 26Al/27Al represents a ~300,000 yr residence time for <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the protoplanetary disk.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6381D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6381D"><span>The Range of Initial 10Be/9Be Ratios in the Early Solar System: A Re-Assessment Based on Analyses of New <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and Melilite Composition Glass Standards</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dunham, E.; Wadhwa, M.; Liu, M.-C.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>We report a more accurate range of initial 10Be/9Be in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> including FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> CMS-1 from Allende (CV3) and a new <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from NWA 5508 (CV3) using melilite composition glass standards; we suggest 10Be is largely produced by irradiation in the nebula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P51A2558C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P51A2558C"><span>Exploring Chondrule and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Rims Using Micro- and Nano-Scale Petrological and Compositional Analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cartwright, J. A.; Perez-Huerta, A.; Leitner, J.; Vollmer, C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>As the major components within chondrites, chondrules (mm-sized droplets of quenched silicate melt) and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>, refractory) represent the most abundant and the earliest materials that solidified from the solar nebula. However, the exact formation mechanisms of these clasts, and whether these processes are related, remains unconstrained, despite extensive petrological and compositional study. By taking advantage of recent advances in nano-scale tomographical techniques, we have undertaken a combined micro- and nano-scale study of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and chondrule rim morphologies, to investigate their formation mechanisms. The target lithologies for this research are Wark-Lovering rims (WLR), and fine-grained rims (FGR) around <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and chondrules respectively, present within many chondrites. The FGRs, which are up to 100 µm thick, are of particular interest as recent studies have identified presolar grains within them. These grains predate the formation of our Solar System, suggesting FGR formation under nebular conditions. By contrast, WLRs are 10-20 µm thick, made of different compositional layers, and likely formed by flash-heating shortly after <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation, thus recording nebular conditions. A detailed multi-scale study of these respective rims will enable us to better understand their formation histories and determine the potential for commonality between these two phases, despite reports of an observed formation age difference of up to 2-3 Myr. We are using a combination of complimentary techniques on our selected target areas: 1) Micro-scale characterization using standard microscopic and compositional techniques (SEM-EBSD, EMPA); 2) Nano-scale characterization of structures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental, isotopic and tomographic analysis with NanoSIMS and atom probe tomography (APT). Preliminary nano-scale APT analysis of FGR morphologies within the Allende carbonaceous chondrite has successfully discerned</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED074769.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED074769.pdf"><span>Evaluation of a Text Compression Algorithm Against Computer-Aided Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) Material.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Knight, Joseph M., Jr.</p> <p></p> <p>This report describes the initial evaluation of a text compression algorithm against computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) material. A review of some concepts related to statistical text compression is followed by a detailed description of a practical text compression algorithm. A simulation of the algorithm was programed and used to obtain…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..148a2083P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..148a2083P"><span>Numerical investigation of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Combustion in the Opposed- Piston Engine with Direct and Indirect Water Injection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pyszczek, R.; Mazuro, P.; Teodorczyk, A.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>This paper is focused on the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion control in a turbocharged 2-stroke Opposed-Piston (OP) engine. The barrel type OP engine arrangement is of particular interest for the authors because of its robust design, high mechanical efficiency and relatively easy incorporation of a Variable Compression Ratio (VCR). The other advantage of such design is that combustion chamber is formed between two moving pistons - there is no additional cylinder head to be cooled which directly results in an increased thermal efficiency. Furthermore, engine operation in a Controlled Auto-Ignition (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) mode at high compression ratios (CR) raises a possibility of reaching even higher efficiencies and very low emissions. In order to control <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion such measures as VCR and water injection were considered for indirect ignition timing control. Numerical simulations of the scavenging and combustion processes were performed with the 3D CFD multipurpose AVL Fire solver. Numerous cases were calculated with different engine compression ratios and different amounts of directly and indirectly injected water. The influence of the VCR and water injection on the ignition timing and engine performance was determined and their application in the real engine was discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407387','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407387"><span>Bacterial and fungal microbiota of spontaneously fermented Chinese products, Rubing milk cake and Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> vegetable pickles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Xin; Kuda, Takashi; Takahashi, Hajime; Kimura, Bon</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The Rubing milk cake from Yunnan and the Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> vegetable pickles from Guangdong are traditional spontaneously fermented foods in China. We evaluated the microbial properties of these products with the analysis of their bacterial and fungal microbiota using classical culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, including a 16S rDNA gene (V4) and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region pyrosequencing method with MiSeq system. The viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count was 8 and 6 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g in Rubing and Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> samples, respectively. The yeast count was approximately 100-1000 times less than the LAB count in most samples, except one Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> sample. In addition, the gram-negative rod count in half of the samples was similar to the LAB count. Pyrosequencing results revealed the high abundance (10%-20%) of gram-negative Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in these samples. These results suggest that some of these traditional foods are undesirable as ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, even when these are typical lactic acid fermented foods. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Should+AND+programming+AND+taught&pg=2&id=ED295668','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Should+AND+programming+AND+taught&pg=2&id=ED295668"><span>A CBI Model for the Design of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Software by Teachers/Nonprogrammers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Tessmer, Martin; Jonassen, David H.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper describes a design model presented in workbook form which is intended to facilitate computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) software design by teachers who do not have programming experience. Presentation of the model is preceded by a number of assumptions that underlie the instructional content and methods of the textbook. It is argued…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PApGe.151..539S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PApGe.151..539S"><span>Velocity and Density Heterogeneities of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan Lithosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sabitova, T. M.; Lesik, O. M.; Adamova, A. A.</p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan orogene is a region in which the earth's crust undergoes considerable thickening and tangential compression. Under these conditions the lithosphere heterogeneities (composi tion, rheological) create the prerequisites for the development of various phenomena of tectonic layering (lateral shearing, different deformation of layers). To study the distribution of velocity, density and other elastic parameters, the results from a seismic tomography study on P-wave as well as S-wave velocities were used. Using empirical as well as theoretical formulas on the relationship between velocity, density and silica content in rocks, their distribution in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan's lithosphere has been calculated. In addition, other elastic parameters, such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and coefficient of general compressions have been determined. Zoning of different types of crust was carried out for the region investigated. The characteristics of the "crust-mantle" transition have been investi gated. Large blocks with different types of the earth's crust were distinguished. Layers with inverse values of velocity, density and shear and Young modulus are revealed in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan lithosphere. All of the above described features open new ways to solve geodynamics problems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PhDT.......222B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PhDT.......222B"><span>An investigative study into the effectiveness of using computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) as a laboratory component of college-level biology: A case study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barrett, Joan Beverly</p> <p></p> <p>Community colleges serve the most diverse student populations in higher education. They consist of non-traditional, part-time, older, intermittent, and mobile students of different races, ethnic backgrounds, language preferences, physical and mental abilities, and learning style preferences. Students who are academically challenged may have diverse learning characteristics that are not compatible with the more traditional approaches to the delivery of instruction. With this need come new ways of solving the dilemma, such as Computer-aided Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). This case study investigated the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as a laboratory component of college-level biology in a small, rural community college setting. The intent was to begin to fill a void that seems to exist in the literature regarding the role of the faculty in the development and use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. In particular, the investigator was seeking to understand the practice and its effectiveness, especially in helping the under prepared student. The case study approach was chosen to examine a specific phenomenon within a single institution. Ethnographic techniques, such as interviewing, documentary analysis, life's experiences, and participant observations were used to collect data about the phenomena being studied. Results showed that the faculty was primarily self-motivated and self-taught in their use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as a teaching and learning tool. The importance of faculty leadership and collegiality was evident. Findings showed the faculty confident that expectations of helping students who have difficulties with mathematical concepts have been met and that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is becoming the most valuable of learning tools. In a traditional college classroom, or practice, time is the constant (semesters) and competence is the variable. In the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> laboratory time became the variable and competence the constant. The use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> also eliminated hazardous chemicals that were routinely used in the more traditional lab. Outcomes showed that annual savings</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010679','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010679"><span>Microstructures of Hibonite From an ALH A77307 (CO3.0) <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Evidence for Evaporative Loss of Calcium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Han, Jangmi; Brearley, Adrian J.; Keller, Lindsay P.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Hibonite is a comparatively rare, primary phase found in some <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from different chondrite groups and is also common in Wark-Lovering rims [1]. Hibonite is predicted to be one of the earliest refractory phases to form by equilibrium condensation from a cooling gas of solar composition [2] and, therefore, can be a potential recorder of very early solar system processes. In this study, we describe the microstructures of hibonite from one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in ALH A77307 (CO3.0) using FIB/TEM techniques in order to reconstruct its formational history.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009991','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009991"><span>Isotopic Measurements in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with the Nanosims: Implications to the understanding of the Formation process of Ca, Al-Rich Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ito, M.; Messenger, S.; Walker, Robert M.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Ca, Al-rich Inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) preserve evidence of thermal events that they experienced during their formation in the early solar system. Most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV and CO chondrites are characterized by large variations in O-isotopic compositions of primary minerals, with spinel, hibonite, and pyroxene being more O-16-rich than melilite and anorthite, with delta 17, O-18 = approx. -40%o (DELTA O-17 = delta O-17 - 0.52 x delta O-18 = approx. - 20%o ). These anomalous compositions cannot be accounted for by standard mass dependent fractionation and diffusive process of those minerals. It requires the presence of an anomalous oxygen reservoir of nucleosynthetic origin or mass independent fractionations before the formation of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the early solar system. The CAMECA NanoSIMS is a new generation ion microprobe that offers high sensitivity isotopic measurements with sub 100 nm spatial resolution. The NanoSIMS has significantly improved abilities in the study of presolar grains in various kind of meteorites and the decay products of extinct nuclides in ancient solar system matter. This instrument promises significant improvements over other conventional ion probes in the precision isotopic characterization of sub-micron scales. We report the results of our first O isotopic measurements of various <span class="hlt">CAI</span> minerals from EK1-6-3 and 7R19-1(a) utilizing the JSC NanoSIMS 50L ion microprobe. We evaluate the measurement conditions, the instrumental mass fractionation factor (IMF) for O isotopic measurement and the accuracy of the isotopic ratio through the analysis of a San Carlos olivine standard and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> sample of 7R19-1(a).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1021069','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1021069"><span>INVESTIGATION OF CRUSTAL MOTION IN THE <span class="hlt">TIEN</span> SHAN USING INSAR</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mellors, R J</p> <p>2011-02-25</p> <p>The northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan of Central Asia is an area of active mid-continent deformation. Although far from a plate boundary, this region has experienced 5 earthquakes larger than magnitude 7 in the past century and includes one event that may as be as large as Mw 8.0. Previous studies based on GPS measurements indicate on the order of 23 mm/yr of shortening across the entire <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and up to 15 mm/year in the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (Figure 1). The seismic moment release rate appears comparable with the geodetic measured slip, at least to first order, suggesting that geodetic ratesmore » can be considered a proxy for accumulation rates of stress for seismic hazard estimation. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar may provide a means to make detailed spatial measurements and hence in identifying block boundaries and assisting in seismic hazard. Therefore, we hoped to define block boundaries by direct measurement and by identifying and resolving earthquake slip. Due to political instability in Kyrgzystan, the existing seismic network has not performed as well as required to precisely determine earthquake hypocenters in remote areas and hence InSAR is highly useful. In this paper we present the result of three earthquake studies and show that InSAR is useful for refining locations of teleseismically located earthquakes. ALOS PALSAR data is used to investigate crustal motion in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan mountains of Central Asia. As part of the work, considerable software development was undertaken to process PALSAR data. This software has been made freely available. Two damaging earthquakes have been imaged in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and the locations provided by ALOS InSAR have helped to refine seismological velocity models. A third earthquake south of Kyrgyzstan was also imaged. The use of InSAR data and especially L band is therefore very useful in providing groundtruth for earthquake locations.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950016415','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950016415"><span>GPS survey of the western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hager, Bradford H.; Molnar, Peter H.; Hamburger, Michael W.; Reilinger, Robert E.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>There were two major developments in 1994 in our collaborative GPS experiment in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan of the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Both were motivated by our expectation that we will ultimately obtain better science at lower cost if we involve our colleagues in the FSU more deeply in (1) the collection and (2) the analysis of data. As an experimental test of the concept of having our local collaborators carry out the field work semi-autonomously, we sent 6 MIT receivers to the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan for a period of 3 months. To enable our collaborators to have the capability for data analysis, we provided computers for two data analysis centers and organized a two-week training session. This report emphasizes the rationale for deeper involvement of FSU scientists, describes the training sessions, discusses the data collection, and presents the results. We also discuss future plans. More detailed discussion of background, general scientific objectives, discussions with collaborators, and results for the campaigns in 1992 and 1993 have been given in previous reports.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.P11C1240D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.P11C1240D"><span>Characterizing Pyroxene Reaction Space in Calcium-Aluminum Rich Inclusions: Oxidation During <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Rim Formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dyl, K. A.; Young, E. D.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>We define the reaction space that controls changes in pyroxene composition in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and Wark-Lovering (WL) rims in an oxidizing solar nebula. Ti-rich pyroxenes in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> record a sub-solar oxygen fugacity (Ti3+/Ti4+~1.5). WL rim pyroxenes in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Leoville 144A have a distinctly lower oxidation state.This difference supports WL rim condensation in an environment of increasing O2(g) and Mg(g) (Simon et al. 2005). We used the following phase components to identify four linearly independent reactions (Thompson 1982): diopside, CaTs (Al2Mg-1Si-1), T3 (Ti3+AlMg-1Si-1), T4 (Ti4+Al2Mg-1Si-2), En (MgCa-1), perovskite, O(g), Mg(g), SiO(g), and Ca(g). Compositional variation in this system is dominated by two reactions. The first is oxidation of Ti3+ via reaction with O and Mg in the gas phase: 1.5 O(g) + Mg(g) → ¼ Di + [Ti4+Mg3/4Ti3+-1Ca-1/4Si-1/2] (1). Pyroxene is produced and En is introduced. The second reaction (2) is perovskite formation. It is observed in the WL rim of Leoville 144A, and experiments confirm that an elevated Ti component converts pyroxene to perovskite(Gupta et al. 1973). MgCa-1 is the third linearly independent reaction (3). They combine to give: ½ Di + x Ca(g)→ x Mg(g)+ Pv + [Mg1/2-xSiTi4+-1Ca-1/2+x](2,3). Unlike (1), pyroxene is consumed in this reaction. The parameter x defines the extent of Mg-Ca exchange. When x > 0.5, WL rim formation occurs in an environment where Mg is volatile and Ca condenses. The reaction space defined by reactions (1) and (2,3) describes the transition from <span class="hlt">CAI</span> interior to WL rims. WL rim pyroxene Ti contents, [CaTs], and Ca < 1 pfu are all explained in this space. The fourth linearly independent reaction is SiO(g):1/8 Di + ¼ Mg(g)→ ¾ SiO(g) + [Mg3/8Ca1/8Ti4+Ti3+-1Si-1/2](4). Silica reduction forms Ti4+, releasing SiO(g). (4) does not describe the oxidation of Ti3+ in WL rim pyroxene, but (1) - (4) results in En formation directly from the gas phase. This may explain WL rim analyses that have Si contents in excess</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai"><span>CO-Bridged H-Cluster Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase <span class="hlt">CaI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W.; Artz, Jacob H.; Mulder, David W.; ...</p> <p>2018-05-23</p> <p>The [FeFe]-hydrogenases ([FeFe] H 2ases) catalyze reversible H 2 activation at the H-cluster, which is composed of a [4Fe-4S] H subsite linked by a cysteine thiolate to a bridged, organometallic [2Fe-2S] ([2Fe] H) subsite. Profoundly different geometric models of the H-cluster redox states that orchestrate the electron/proton transfer steps of H 2 bond activation have been proposed. We have examined this question in the [FeFe] H 2ase I from Clostridium acetobutylicum (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with temperature annealing and H/D isotope exchange to identify the relevant redox states and define catalytic transitions. One-electron reduction of H ox ledmore » to formation of H redH + ([4Fe-4S] H 2+-Fe I-Fe I) and H red' ([4Fe-4S] H 1+-Fe II-Fe I), with both states characterized by low frequency μ-CO IR modes consistent with a fully bridged [2Fe] H. Similar μ-CO IR modes were also identified for H redH + of the [FeFe] H 2ase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1). The <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proton-transfer variant C298S showed enrichment of an H/D isotope-sensitive μ-CO mode, a component of the hydride bound H-cluster IR signal, H hyd. Equilibrating <span class="hlt">CaI</span> with increasing amounts of NaDT, and probed at cryogenic temperatures, showed H redH + was converted to H hyd. Over an increasing temperature range from 10 to 260 K catalytic turnover led to loss of Hhyd and appearance of H ox, consistent with enzymatic turnover and H 2 formation. The results show for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> that the μ-CO of [2Fe] H remains bridging for all of the 'H red' states and that H redH + is on pathway to H hyd and H 2 evolution in the catalytic mechanism. Here, this provides a blueprint for designing small molecule catalytic analogs« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai"><span>CO-Bridged H-Cluster Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase <span class="hlt">CaI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W.; Artz, Jacob H.; Mulder, David W.</p> <p></p> <p>The [FeFe]-hydrogenases ([FeFe] H 2ases) catalyze reversible H 2 activation at the H-cluster, which is composed of a [4Fe-4S] H subsite linked by a cysteine thiolate to a bridged, organometallic [2Fe-2S] ([2Fe] H) subsite. Profoundly different geometric models of the H-cluster redox states that orchestrate the electron/proton transfer steps of H 2 bond activation have been proposed. We have examined this question in the [FeFe] H 2ase I from Clostridium acetobutylicum (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with temperature annealing and H/D isotope exchange to identify the relevant redox states and define catalytic transitions. One-electron reduction of H ox ledmore » to formation of H redH + ([4Fe-4S] H 2+-Fe I-Fe I) and H red' ([4Fe-4S] H 1+-Fe II-Fe I), with both states characterized by low frequency μ-CO IR modes consistent with a fully bridged [2Fe] H. Similar μ-CO IR modes were also identified for H redH + of the [FeFe] H 2ase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1). The <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proton-transfer variant C298S showed enrichment of an H/D isotope-sensitive μ-CO mode, a component of the hydride bound H-cluster IR signal, H hyd. Equilibrating <span class="hlt">CaI</span> with increasing amounts of NaDT, and probed at cryogenic temperatures, showed H redH + was converted to H hyd. Over an increasing temperature range from 10 to 260 K catalytic turnover led to loss of Hhyd and appearance of H ox, consistent with enzymatic turnover and H 2 formation. The results show for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> that the μ-CO of [2Fe] H remains bridging for all of the 'H red' states and that H redH + is on pathway to H hyd and H 2 evolution in the catalytic mechanism. Here, this provides a blueprint for designing small molecule catalytic analogs« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792026','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792026"><span>CO-Bridged H-Cluster Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase <span class="hlt">CaI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W; Artz, Jacob H; Mulder, David W; Collins, Reuben T; Furtak, Thomas E; King, Paul W</p> <p>2018-06-20</p> <p>The [FeFe]-hydrogenases ([FeFe] H 2 ases) catalyze reversible H 2 activation at the H-cluster, which is composed of a [4Fe-4S] H subsite linked by a cysteine thiolate to a bridged, organometallic [2Fe-2S] ([2Fe] H ) subsite. Profoundly different geometric models of the H-cluster redox states that orchestrate the electron/proton transfer steps of H 2 bond activation have been proposed. We have examined this question in the [FeFe] H 2 ase I from Clostridium acetobutylicum (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with temperature annealing and H/D isotope exchange to identify the relevant redox states and define catalytic transitions. One-electron reduction of H ox led to formation of H red H + ([4Fe-4S] H 2+ -Fe I -Fe I ) and H red ' ([4Fe-4S] H 1+ -Fe II -Fe I ), with both states characterized by low frequency μ-CO IR modes consistent with a fully bridged [2Fe] H . Similar μ-CO IR modes were also identified for H red H + of the [FeFe] H 2 ase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1). The <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proton-transfer variant C298S showed enrichment of an H/D isotope-sensitive μ-CO mode, a component of the hydride bound H-cluster IR signal, H hyd . Equilibrating <span class="hlt">CaI</span> with increasing amounts of NaDT, and probed at cryogenic temperatures, showed H red H + was converted to H hyd . Over an increasing temperature range from 10 to 260 K catalytic turnover led to loss of H hyd and appearance of H ox , consistent with enzymatic turnover and H 2 formation. The results show for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> that the μ-CO of [2Fe] H remains bridging for all of the "H red " states and that H red H + is on pathway to H hyd and H 2 evolution in the catalytic mechanism. These results provide a blueprint for designing small molecule catalytic analogs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006IJCEM...7...41C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006IJCEM...7...41C"><span>Numerical Investigation Into Effect of Fuel Injection Timing on <span class="hlt">CAI</span>/HCCI Combustion in a Four-Stroke GDI Engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cao, Li; Zhao, Hua; Jiang, Xi; Kalian, Navin</p> <p>2006-02-01</p> <p>The Controlled Auto-Ignition (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) combustion, also known as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), was achieved by trapping residuals with early exhaust valve closure in conjunction with direct injection. Multi-cycle 3D engine simulations have been carried out for parametric study on four different injection timings in order to better understand the effects of injection timings on in-cylinder mixing and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion. The full engine cycle simulation including complete gas exchange and combustion processes was carried out over several cycles in order to obtain the stable cycle for analysis. The combustion models used in the present study are the Shell auto-ignition model and the characteristic-time combustion model, which were modified to take the high level of EGR into consideration. A liquid sheet breakup spray model was used for the droplet breakup processes. The analyses show that the injection timing plays an important role in affecting the in-cylinder air/fuel mixing and mixture temperature, which in turn affects the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion and engine performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1813997M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1813997M"><span>Surge-type glaciers in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (Central Asia)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mukherjee, Kriti; Bolch, Tobias</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Surge-type glaciers in High Mountain Asia are mostly observed in Karakoram and Pamir. However, few surge-type glaciers also exist in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, but have not comprehensively studied in detail in the recent literature. We identified surge-type glaciers in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan either from available literature or by manual interpretation using available satellite images (such as Corona, Hexagon, Landsat, SPOT, IRS) for the period 1960 to 2014. We identified 39 possible surge-type glaciers, showing typical characteristics like looped moraines. Twenty-two of them rapidly advanced during different periods or a surge was clearly described in the literature. For the remaining possible surge-type glaciers either the advance, in terms of time and length, were not mentioned in detail in the literature, or the glaciers have remained either stable or retreated during the entire period of our study. Most of the surge-type glaciers cluster in the Inner <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (especially in the Ak-Shiirak rage) and the Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, are in size and are facing North, West or North West. Pronounced surge events were observed for North Inylchek and Samoilowitsch glaciers, both of which are located in the Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. Samoilowitsch Glacier retreated by more than 3 km between 1960 (length ~8.9 km) and 1992 (~5.8 km), advanced by almost 3 km until 2006 and slightly retreated thereafter. The most pronounced advance occurred between 2000 and 2002. DEM differencing (based on SRTM3 data and stereo Hexagon and Cartosat-1 data) revealed a significant thickening in the middle reaches (reservoir area) of the glacier between 1973 and 2000 while the surface significantly lowered in the middle and upper parts of the glacier between 2000 and 2006. Hence, the ice mass was transferred to the lower reaches (receiving area) and caused the advance with a maximum thickening of more than 80 m. The ~30 km long North Inylchek Glacier retreated since 1943 and showed a very rapid advance of ~3.5 km especially in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.S43A2463K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.S43A2463K"><span>Source processes of strong earthquakes in the North <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kulikova, G.; Krueger, F.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan region attracts attention of scientists worldwide due to its complexity and tectonic uniqueness. A series of very strong destructive earthquakes occurred in <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan at the turn of XIX and XX centuries. Such large intraplate earthquakes are rare in seismology, which increases the interest in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan region. The presented study focuses on the source processes of large earthquakes in <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan. The amount of seismic data is limited for those early times. In 1889, when a major earthquake has occurred in <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan, seismic instruments were installed in very few locations in the world and these analog records did not survive till nowadays. Although around a hundred seismic stations were operating at the beginning of XIX century worldwide, it is not always possible to get high quality analog seismograms. Digitizing seismograms is a very important step in the work with analog seismic records. While working with historical seismic records one has to take into account all the aspects and uncertainties of manual digitizing and the lack of accurate timing and instrument characteristics. In this study, we develop an easy-to-handle and fast digitization program on the basis of already existing software which allows to speed up digitizing process and to account for all the recoding system uncertainties. Owing to the lack of absolute timing for the historical earthquakes (due to the absence of a universal clock at that time), we used time differences between P and S phases to relocate the earthquakes in North <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan and the body-wave amplitudes to estimate their magnitudes. Combining our results with geological data, five earthquakes in North <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan were precisely relocated. The digitizing of records can introduce steps into the seismograms which makes restitution (removal of instrument response) undesirable. To avoid the restitution, we simulated historic seismograph recordings with given values for damping and free period of the respective instrument and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=software+AND+component+AND+documentation&pg=2&id=ED070262','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=software+AND+component+AND+documentation&pg=2&id=ED070262"><span>Everything You Always Wanted to Know About <span class="hlt">CAI</span> But Were Afraid To Ask.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Luskin, Bernard J.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A comprehensive summary of significant developments related to the integration of the computer in all levels of instruction, this book identifies, classifies, and examines obstacles to computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), their scope and possible resolutions. Some 75 experts were surveyed and their opinions statistically analyzed in regard to 23…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025390','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025390"><span>Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Cunningham, D.; Owen, L.A.; Snee, L.W.; Li, Ji</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The Barkol Tagh and Karlik Tagh ranges of the easternmost <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan are a natural laboratory for studying the fault architecture of an active termination zone of a major intracontinental mountain range. Barkol and Karlik Tagh and lesser ranges to the north are bounded by active thrust faults that locally deform Quaternary sediments. Major thrusts in Karlik Tagh connect along strike to the east with the left-lateral Gobi-<span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan Fault System in SW Mongolia. From a Mongolian perspective. Karlik Tagh represents a large restraining bend for this regional strike-slip fault system, and the entire system of thrusts and strike-slip faults in the Karlik Tagh region defines a horsetail splay fault geometry. Regionally, there appears to be a kinematic transition from thrust-dominated deformation in the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan to left-lateral transpressional deformation in the easternmost <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. This transition correlates with a general eastward decrease in mountain belt width and average elevation and a change in the angular relationship between the NNE-directed maximum horizontal stress in the region and the pre-existing basement structural grain, which is northwesterly in the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (orthogonal to SHmax) but more east-west in the eastern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (acute angular relationship with SHmax . Ar-Ar ages indicate that major range-bounding thrusts in Barkol and Karlik Tagh are latest Permian-Triassic ductile thrust zones that underwent brittle reactivation in the Late Cenozoic. It is estimated that the modern mountain ranges of the extreme easternmost <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan could have been constructed by only 10-15 km of Late Cenozoic horizontal shortening.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023467','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023467"><span>Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and %Ro</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Weary, D.J.; Ryder, R.T.; Nyahay, R.E.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>New conodont alteration index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) data collected from drill holes in the Appalachian basin of New York State allow refinement of thermal maturity maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> isotherms on the new maps show a pattern that approximates that published by Harris et al. (1978) in eastern and western New York, but it differs in central New York, where the isotherms are shifted markedly westward by more than 100 km and are more tightly grouped. This close grouping of isograds reflects a steeper thermal gradient than previously noted by Harris et al. (1978) and agrees closely with the abrupt west-to-east increase in thermal maturity across New York noted by Johnsson (1986). These data show, in concordance with previous studies, that thermal maturity levels in these rocks are higher than can be explained by simple burial heating beneath the present thickness of overburden. The Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian Basin in New York must have been buried by very thick post-Devonian sediments (4-6 km suggested by Sarwar and Friedman 1995) or were exposed to a higher-than-normal geothermal flux caused by crustal extension, or a combination of the two.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tectp.712..438L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Tectp.712..438L"><span>Cenozoic episodic uplift and kinematic evolution between the Pamir and Southwestern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Dongliang; Li, Haibing; Sun, Zhiming; Cao, Yong; Wang, Leizhen; Pan, Jiawei; Han, Liang; Ye, Xiaozhou</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The Pamir Salient and Southwestern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan belong to two different systems, which collided due to the continuous northward drift of the Indian Plate during the Cenozoic, resulting in a shortening of 300 km. The uplift history and kinematic evolution of the Pamir-Southwestern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan remain unclear. In this study, we chose the 2025 m-thick Pakabulake formation in the East Wuqia section, at the southern-most margin of the Southwestern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan system, to obtain a high-resolution magnetostratigraphic record spanning 16.61 Ma to 9.78 Ma. Based on its high sedimentation rate, stable ca. E-W paleocurrents and stable magnetic susceptibility values, the nearby Southwestern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan was inferred to have undergone stable uplift during this period of sedimentation. Combining our results with the previous low-temperature thermochronology, magnetostratigraphy and re-calculated block rotations, we conclude that four episodic uplift events occurred in the Pamir-Southwestern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan during the Cenozoic, at times of 50-40 Ma, 35-16 Ma, 11-7 Ma and < 5 Ma, and that the first episodic uplift only occurred in the Pamir Salient. In addition, the Pamir Salient underwent a tectonic transformation from entire- to a half-oroclinal bending rotation during the Miocene, caused by activity along the Karakorum Fault and Kashgar-Yecheng Transfer System.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA139278','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA139278"><span>A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Computer-Assisted Instruction) Course on Constructing PLANIT lessons: Development, Content, and Evaluation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1980-06-01</p> <p>courseware package on how to program lessons for an automated system. Since PLANIT (Programming Language for Interactive Teaching) is the student/author...assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), how to program PLANIT lessons, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the package for select Army users. The resultant courseware</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503459.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503459.pdf"><span>A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) versus Class Room Lecture (RL) for Computer Science at ICS Level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kausar, Tayyaba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with class room lecture and computer assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypothesis of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1102933.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1102933.pdf"><span>A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) versus Class Room Lecture (CRL) for Computer Science at ICS Level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kausar, Tayyaba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with class room lecture and computer assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypothesis of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0181H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0181H"><span>Discussion of vicarious calibration of GOSAT/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band (380nm) and aerosol retrieval in wildfire region in the OCO-2 and GOSAT observation campaign at Railroad Valley in 2016</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hashimoto, M.; Kuze, A.; Bruegge, C. J.; Shiomi, K.; Kataoka, F.; Kikuchi, N.; Arai, T.; Kasai, K.; Nakajima, T.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite) / TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Cloud and Aerosol Imager, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is an imaging sensor to measure cloud and aerosol properties and observes reflected sunlight from the atmosphere and surface of the ground. The sensor has four bands from near ultraviolet (near-UV) to shortwave infrared, 380, 674, 870 and 1600nm. The field of view size is 0.5 km for band-1 through band-3, and 1.5km for band-4. Band-1 (380nm) is one of unique function of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The near-UV observation offers several advantages for the remote sensing of aerosols over land: Low reflectance of most surfaces; Sensitivity to absorbing aerosols; Absorption of trace gases is weak (Höller et al., 2004). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band is useful to distinguish absorbing aerosol (smoke) from cloud. GOSAT-2/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 that will be launched in the future also has UV-bands, 340 and 380nm. We carried out an experiment to calibrate <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band radiance using data taken in a field campaign of OCO-2 and GOSAT at Railroad Valley in 2016. The campaign period is June 27 to July 3 in 2016. We measured surface reflectance by using USB4000 Spectrometer with 74-UV collimating lens (Ocean Optics) and Spectralon (Labsphere). USB4000 is a UV spectrometer, and its measurement range from 300 to 520nm. We simulated <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band radiance using a vector type of radiation transfer code, i.e. including polarization calculation, pstar3 (Ota et al., 2010) using measured surface reflectance and atmospheric data, pressure and relative humidity by radiosonde in the same campaign, and aerosol optical depth by AERONET, etc. Then, we evaluated measured UV radiances with the simulated data. We show the result of vicarious calibration of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band in the campaign, and discuss about this method for future sensor, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2. Around the campaign period, there was wildfire around Los Angeles, and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) observed by AERONET at Rail Road valley and Caltech sites is also high. We tried to detect and retrieve aerosol</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310275','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310275"><span><span class="hlt">CaI</span> and SrI molecules for iodine determination by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry: Greener molecules for practical application.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zanatta, Melina Borges Teixeira; Nakadi, Flávio Venâncio; da Veiga, Márcia Andreia Mesquita Silva</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>A new method to determine iodine in drug samples by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS) has been developed. The method measures the molecular absorption of a diatomic molecule, <span class="hlt">CaI</span> or SrI (less toxic molecule-forming reagents), at 638.904 or 677.692nm, respectively, and uses a mixture containing 5μg of Pd and 0.5μg of Mg as chemical modifier. The method employs pyrolysis temperatures of 1000 and 800°C and vaporization temperatures of 2300 and 2400°C for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> and SrI, respectively. The optimized amounts of Ca and Sr as molecule-forming reagents are 100 and 150µg, respectively. On the basis of interference studies, even small chlorine concentrations reduce <span class="hlt">CaI</span> and SrI absorbance significantly. The developed method was used to analyze different commercial drug samples, namely thyroid hormone pills with three different iodine amounts (15.88, 31.77, and 47.66µg) and one liquid drug with 1% m v -1 active iodine in their compositions. The results agreed with the values informed by the manufacturers (95% confidence level) regardless of whether <span class="hlt">CaI</span> or SrI was determined. Therefore, the developed method is useful for iodine determination on the basis of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> or SrI molecular absorption. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+business&pg=3&id=EJ613257','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+business&pg=3&id=EJ613257"><span>A Cross-National <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Tool To Support Learning Operations Decision-Making and Market Analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mockler, Robert J.; Afanasiev, Mikhail Y.; Dologite, Dorothy G.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Describes bicultural (United States and Russia) development of a computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tool to learn management decision-making using information systems technologies. The program has been used with undergraduate and graduate students in both countries; it integrates free and controlled market concepts and combines traditional computer…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Tectp.319...69B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Tectp.319...69B"><span>Cenozoic crustal shortening between the Pamir and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and a reconstruction of the Pamir <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan transition zone for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burtman, V. S.</p> <p>2000-03-01</p> <p>The magnitude of the Late Cenozoic crustal shortening during convergence of the Pamir and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan was determined using a contemporary pattern consisting of facies zones, palaeomagnetic data (regarding the rotation of tectonic units) and data on the structure of the Tadjik Depression. By Late Cenozoic, Cretaceous and Palaeogene facies zones were cut by the Vakhsh-Trans-Alay overthrust and Darvaz strike-slip faults and a significant part of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene Tadjik Basin was overthrust by the Pamir massif. The sediments of easternmost part of the basin are preserved in the Tarim Depression. The facies zones of the southern slope of the Afghan-Tadjik Basin were deformed and moved northward. A pattern of facies zones indicates a convergence between the Pamir and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan over a distance of 300-400 km. A number of cross-sections through the Tadjik Depression were used to establish the structure before folding. A rotation of tectonic units, indicated by structural data, conforms to the angles of rotation as determined in palaeomagnetic studies. The data suggest 300 km of convergence between the Pamir and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. Stratigraphic, lithological, structural and palaeomagnetic data formed the basis for the construction of the palinspastically-restored palaeogeographic and sedimentologic environments for the Tadjik shallow sea basin which was situated between the Pamir and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan before their convergence in the Late Cenozoic. The maps were constructed for the eight stratigraphic levels of the Cretaceous and Palaeogene. The Tadjik Sea was a bay in the enormous Turan Sea. In the Early Aptian this bay was located in what is now the Afghan-Tadjik Basin. In Late Cretaceous, the eastern shore of the bay lay 600-700 km further eastward and in the Eocene, marine environments extended even further eastward but after the Rupelian continental environments occupied all of this region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012APS..MART30005W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012APS..MART30005W"><span>Quantum Computational Universality of the 2D <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-D"ur-Briegel Quantum State</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wei, Tzu-Chieh; Raussendorf, Robert; Kwek, Leong Chuan</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>Universal quantum computation can be achieved by simply performing single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled resource state, such as cluster states. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Miyake, D"ur, and Briegel recently constructed a ground state of a two-dimensional quantum magnet by combining multiple Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 entities and by mapping pairs of neighboring spin-1/2 particles to individual spin-3/2 particles [Phys. Rev. A 82, 052309 (2010)]. They showed that this state enables universal quantum computation by constructing single- and two-qubit universal gates. Here, we give an alternative understanding of how this state gives rise to universal measurement-based quantum computation: by local operations, each quasichain can be converted to a one-dimensional cluster state and entangling gates between two neighboring logical qubits can be implemented by single-spin measurements. Furthermore, a two-dimensional cluster state can be distilled from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-D"ur-Briegel state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002651','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002651"><span>Calcium and Titanium Isotope Fractionation in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>: Tracers of Condensation and Inheritance in the Early Solar Protoplanetary Disk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Simon, J. I.; Jordan, M. K.; Tappa, M. J.; Kohl, I. E.; Young, E. D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The chemical and isotopic compositions of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) can be used to understand the conditions present in the protoplantary disk where they formed. The isotopic compositions of these early-formed nebular materials are largely controlled by chemical volatility. The isotopic effects of evaporation/sublimation, which are well explained by both theory and experimental work, lead to enrichments of the heavy isotopes that are often exhibited by the moderately refractory elements Mg and Si. Less well understood are the isotopic effects of condensation, which limits our ability to determine whether a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a primary condensate and/or retains any evidence of its primordial formation history.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22141459','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22141459"><span>Developing the Coach Analysis and Intervention System (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>): establishing validity and reliability of a computerised systematic observation instrument.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cushion, Christopher; Harvey, Stephen; Muir, Bob; Nelson, Lee</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>We outline the evolution of a computerised systematic observation tool and describe the process for establishing the validity and reliability of this new instrument. The Coach Analysis and Interventions System (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) has 23 primary behaviours related to physical behaviour, feedback/reinforcement, instruction, verbal/non-verbal, questioning and management. The instrument also analyses secondary coach behaviour related to performance states, recipient, timing, content and questioning/silence. The <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> is a multi-dimensional and multi-level mechanism able to provide detailed and contextualised data about specific coaching behaviours occurring in complex and nuanced coaching interventions and environments that can be applied to both practice sessions and competition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21390725-experimental-study-fuel-injection-strategies-cai-gasoline-engine','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21390725-experimental-study-fuel-injection-strategies-cai-gasoline-engine"><span>An experimental study of fuel injection strategies in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> gasoline engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hunicz, J.; Kordos, P.</p> <p>2011-01-15</p> <p>Combustion of gasoline in a direct injection controlled auto-ignition (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) single-cylinder research engine was studied. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> operation was achieved with the use of the negative valve overlap (NVO) technique and internal exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR). Experiments were performed at single injection and split injection, where some amount of fuel was injected close to top dead centre (TDC) during NVO interval, and the second injection was applied with variable timing. Additionally, combustion at variable fuel-rail pressure was examined. Investigation showed that at fuel injection into recompressed exhaust fuel reforming took place. This process was identified via an analysis of the exhaust-fuelmore » mixture composition after NVO interval. It was found that at single fuel injection in NVO phase, its advance determined the heat release rate and auto-ignition timing, and had a strong influence on NO{sub X} emission. However, a delay of single injection to intake stroke resulted in deterioration of cycle-to-cycle variability. Application of split injection showed benefits of this strategy versus single injection. Examinations of different fuel mass split ratios and variable second injection timing resulted in further optimisation of mixture formation. At equal share of the fuel mass injected in the first injection during NVO and in the second injection at the beginning of compression, the lowest emission level and cyclic variability improvement were observed. (author)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201....6P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201....6P"><span>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions with fractionation and unidentified nuclear effects (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>): II. Heterogeneities of magnesium isotopes and 26Al in the early Solar System inferred from in situ high-precision magnesium-isotope measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, Changkun; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Krot, Alexander N.; Huss, Gary R.; Davis, Andrew M.; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions with isotopic mass fractionation effects and unidentified nuclear isotopic anomalies (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) have been studied for more than 40 years, but their origins remain enigmatic. Here we report in situ high precision measurements of aluminum-magnesium isotope systematics of FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Individual minerals were analyzed in six FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the oxidized CV3 carbonaceous chondrites Axtell (compact Type A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Axtell 2271) and Allende (Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> C1 and EK1-4-1, and forsterite-bearing Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> BG82DH8, CG-14, and TE). Most of these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> show evidence for excess 26Mg due to the decay of 26Al. The inferred initial 26Al/27Al ratios [(26Al/27Al)0] and the initial magnesium isotopic compositions (δ26Mg0) calculated using an exponential law with an exponent β of 0.5128 are (3.1 ± 1.6) × 10-6 and 0.60 ± 0.10‰ (Axtell 2271), (3.7 ± 1.5) × 10-6 and -0.20 ± 0.05‰ (BG82DH8), (2.2 ± 1.1) × 10-6 and -0.18 ± 0.05‰ (C1), (2.3 ± 2.4) × 10-5 and -2.23 ± 0.37‰ (EK1-4-1), (1.5 ± 1.1) × 10-5 and -0.42 ± 0.08‰ (CG-14), and (5.3 ± 0.9) × 10-5 and -0.05 ± 0.08‰ (TE) with 2σ uncertainties. We infer that FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> recorded heterogeneities of magnesium isotopes and 26Al in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-forming region(s). Comparison of 26Al-26Mg systematics, stable isotope (oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and titanium) and trace element studies of FUN and non-FUN igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> indicates that there is a continuum among these <span class="hlt">CAI</span> types. Based on these observations and evaporation experiments on <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like melts, we propose a generic scenario for the origin of igneous (FUN and non-FUN) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: (i) condensation of isotopically normal solids in an 16O-rich gas of approximately solar composition; (ii) formation of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursors by aggregation of these solids together with variable abundances of isotopically anomalous grains-possible carriers of unidentified nuclear (UN) effects; and (iii) melt evaporation of these precursors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED432263.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED432263.pdf"><span>Using Pre-test/Post-test Data To Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Aided Instruction (A Study of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and Its Use with Developmental Reading Students).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lansford, Carl E.</p> <p></p> <p>As computer aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and distance learning become more popular, a model for easily evaluating these teaching methods must be developed, one which will enable replication of the study each year. This paper discusses the results of a study using existing dependent and independent variables to evaluate <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for developmental reading…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41D2931L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.T41D2931L"><span>Controls of Lithospheric Mechanical Strength on the Deformation Pattern of <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Y.; Xiong, X.; Zheng, Y.; Hu, X.; Zhang, Y.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is an outstanding example of intracontinental mountain belt, which was built rapidly and formed far away from plate boundaries. It exhibits 300~500 km in width and extends ~2000 km EW, located in central Asia. The <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is a key area for solution of the problems relating to intracontinental geodynamics. During last decades, despite a large amount of results based on various geological, geophysical and geodetic data about the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, however, deformation mechanism remains controversial and other several principal problems related to its structure and evolution also have not been completely resolved. As for patterns of continental deformation, they are always controlled by both the forces applied to the lithosphere and by lithospheric resistance to the forces. The latter is often measured by the mechanical strength of lithosphere. The lateral variation of strength of lithosphere has been recognized to be an important factor controlling the spatial construction and temporal evolution of continent. In this study, we investigate the mechanical strength (Te) of lithosphere in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan using wavelet coherency between Bouguer anomaly and topography. The patterns of Te variations are closely related to major tectonic boundaries and blocks. Mechanical strength exhibits a weak zone (Te~5-20km) beneath the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan while its surrounding blocks including Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Kazakh platform are characterized by a strong lithosphere (Te>40km). The lateral variations in mechanical strength and velocity field of horizontal movement with GPS demonstrate that strain localization appears at the margins of Tarim Basin, which is also the strong lithospheric domain. It is suggested that the weak lithosphere allows the crustal stress accumulation and the strong lithosphere helps to stress transfer. There is also a good agreement between mechanical strength and shear wave velocity structure in upper mantle. It indicates a strong domain located in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522496','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522496"><span>The contribution of the androgen receptor (AR) in human spatial learning and memory: A study in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mueller, S C; Verwilst, T; Van Branteghem, A; T'Sjoen, G; Cools, M</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Few studies have examined the impact of androgen insensitivity on human spatial learning and memory. In the present study, we tested 11 women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>), a rare genetic disorder characterized by complete absence of AR activity, and compared their performance against 20 comparison males and 19 comparison females on a virtual analog of the Morris Water Maze task. The results replicated a main sex effect showing that men relative to women were faster in finding the hidden platform and had reduced heading error. Furthermore, findings indicated that mean performance of women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> was between control women and control men, though the differences were not statistically significant. Effect size estimates (and corresponding confidence intervals) of spatial learning trials showed little difference between women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and control women but <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> women differed from men, but not women, on two variables, latency to find the platform and first-move latency. No differences between groups were present during visible platform trials or the probe trial, a measure of spatial memory. Moreover, groups also did not differ on estimates of IQ and variability of performance. The findings are discussed in relation to androgen insensitivity in human spatial learning and memory. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-17/pdf/2012-3839.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-17/pdf/2012-3839.pdf"><span>77 FR 9625 - Presentation of Final Conventional Conformance Test Criteria and Common Air Interface (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-02-17</p> <p>... Tests for Inclusion in the Program AGENCY: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST... meeting is to present the final requirements for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> conventional conformance tests for inclusion in the... suitability for inclusion in the P25 CAP is below: Conformance tests should limit devices in the test...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.189...70K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.189...70K"><span>A link between oxygen, calcium and titanium isotopes in 26Al-poor hibonite-rich <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from Murchison and implications for the heterogeneity of dust reservoirs in the solar nebula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kööp, Levke; Davis, Andrew M.; Nakashima, Daisuke; Park, Changkun; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Tenner, Travis J.; Heck, Philipp R.; Kita, Noriko T.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>PLACs (platy hibonite crystals) and related hibonite-rich calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>; hereafter collectively referred to as PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) have the largest nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies of all materials believed to have formed in the solar system. Most PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have low inferred initial 26Al/27Al ratios and could have formed prior to injection or widespread distribution of 26Al in the solar nebula. In this study, we report 26Al-26Mg systematics combined with oxygen, calcium, and titanium isotopic compositions for a large number of newly separated PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the Murchison CM2 chondrite (32 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> studied for oxygen, 26 of these also for 26Al-26Mg, calcium and titanium). Our results confirm (1) the large range of nucleosynthetic anomalies in 50Ti and 48Ca (our data range from -70‰ to +170‰ and -60‰ to +80‰, respectively), (2) the substantial range of Δ17O values (-28‰ to -17‰, with Δ17O = δ17O - 0.52 × δ18O), and (3) general 26Al-depletion in PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The multielement approach reveals a relationship between Δ17O and the degree of variability in 50Ti and 48Ca: PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with the highest Δ17O (∼-17‰) show large positive and negative 50Ti and 48Ca anomalies, while those with the lowest Δ17O (∼-28‰) have small to no anomalies in 50Ti and 48Ca. These observations could suggest a physical link between anomalous 48Ca and 50Ti carriers and an 16O-poor reservoir. We suggest that the solar nebula was isotopically heterogeneous shortly after collapse of the protosolar molecular cloud, and that the primordial dust reservoir, in which anomalous carrier phases were heterogeneously distributed, was 16O-poor (Δ17O ⩾ -17‰) relative to the primordial gaseous (CO + H2O) reservoir (Δ17O < -35‰). However, other models such as CO self-shielding in the protoplanetary disk are also considered to explain the link between oxygen and calcium and titanium isotopes in PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Tectp.312..303B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Tectp.312..303B"><span>Permian paleomagnetism of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan fold belt, Central Asia: post-collisional rotations and deformation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bazhenov, Mikhail L.; S. Burtman, Valentin; Dvorova, Ariadna V.</p> <p>1999-11-01</p> <p>Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks were sampled from eight localities in the western and central parts of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan fold belt. High-temperature, sometimes intermediate-temperature components isolated from these rocks at seven localities after stepwise thermal demagnetization are shown either to predate folding or be acquired during deformation; the conglomerate test at some localities is positive. The observed inclinations fit rather well with the Eurasian reference data, whereas the declinations are strongly deflected westward; westerly declinations have already been observed from the other parts of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (from the Turan plate in the west to the northern rim of Tarim and the Urumque area in the east). Our analysis shows that a considerable counterclockwise rotation of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan fold belt as a rigid body is geologically improbable. We hypothesize that a sinistral shear zone existed over the fold belt thus accounting for systematically westerly declinations. This zone is about 300 km wide and is traced along the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan fold belt for 2500 km. A large area of Permian alkali magmatism in the West and Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is interpreted as an extensional domain conjugated with the shear zone. This shear zone can be accounted for by translation of the Kara Kum and Tarim blocks along the Eurasian boundary after their oblique collision in the Late Carboniferous. Two phases of rotation are recognized in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. The earlier rotation took place under shear strain during the D3 stage of deformation in the Artinskian-Ufimian. The later rotation is connected with transpression (D4 stage of deformation) and could occur from the Late Permian to Early Jurassic.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED297998.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED297998.pdf"><span>The Effect of Mode of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and Individual Learning Differences on the Understanding of Concept Relationships.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rowland, Paul McD.</p> <p></p> <p>The effect of mode of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and individual learning differences on the learning of science concepts was investigated. University elementary education majors learned about home energy use from either a computer simulation or a computer tutorial. Learning of science concepts was measured using achievement and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010652','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010652"><span>A FIB/TEM/Nanosims Study of a Wark-Lovering Rim on an Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Keller, L. P.; Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Ca- Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are commonly surrounded by Wark-Lovering (WL) rims - thin (approx. 50 micrometers) multilayered sequences - whose mineralogy is dominated by high temperature minerals similar to those that occur in the cores of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> [1]. The origins of these WL rims involved high temperature events in the early nebula such as condensation, flashheating or reaction with a nebular reservoir, or combinations of these processes. These rims formed after <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation but prior to accretion into their parent bodies. We have undertaken a coordinated mineralogical and isotopic study of WL rims to determine the formation conditions of the individual layers and to constrain the isotopic reservoirs they interacted with during their history. We focus here on the spinel layer, the first-formed highest- temperature layer in the WL rim sequence. Results and Discussion: We have performed mineralogical, chemical and isotopic analyses of an unusual ultrarefractory inclusion from the Allende CV3 chondrite (SHAL) consisting of an approx. 500 micrometers long single crystal of hibonite and co-existing coarsegrained perovskite. SHAL is partially surrounded by WL rim. We previously reported on the mineralogy, isotopic compositions and trace elements in SHAL [2-4]. The spinel layer in the WL rim is present only on the hibonite and terminates abruptly at the contact with the coarse perovskite. This simple observation shows that the spinel layer is not a condensate in this case (otherwise spinel would have condensed on the perovskite as well). The spinel layer appears to have formed by gas-phase corrosion of the hibonite by Mg-rich vapors such that the spinel layer grew at the expense of the hibonite. We also found that the spinel layer has the same 16Orich composition as the hibonite. The spinel layer is polycrystalline and individual crystals do not show a crystallographic relationship with the hibonite. An Al-diopside layer overlies the spinel layer, and is present on both</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20919396-experimental-study-combustion-characteristics-scci-cai-based-direct-injection-gasoline-engine','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20919396-experimental-study-combustion-characteristics-scci-cai-based-direct-injection-gasoline-engine"><span>An experimental study of the combustion characteristics in SCCI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> based on direct-injection gasoline engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lee, C.H.; Lee, K.H.</p> <p>2007-08-15</p> <p>Emissions remain a critical issue affecting engine design and operation, while energy conservation is becoming increasingly important. One approach to favorably address these issues is to achieve homogeneous charge combustion and stratified charge combustion at lower peak temperatures with a variable compression ratio, a variable intake temperature and a trapped rate of the EGR using NVO (negative valve overlap). This experiment was attempted to investigate the origins of these lower temperature auto-ignition phenomena with SCCI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> using gasoline fuel. In case of SCCI, the combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline-fueled stratified-charge compression ignition (SCCI) engine according to intake temperaturemore » and compression ratio was examined. We investigated the effects of air-fuel ratio, residual EGR rate and injection timing on the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion area. In addition, the effect of injection timing on combustion factors such as the start of combustion, its duration and its heat release rate was also investigated. (author)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940020353','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940020353"><span>GPS survey of the western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Molnar, Peter H.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>This report summarizes the background, field work, data collection and analysis, and future plans associated with a collaborative GPS experiment in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan of the former Soviet Union. This project involves the amalgamation of two, separately funded projects, which were proposed separately by PIs Hamburger and Reilinger (NSF number EAR-9115159 and NASA number NAG5-1941) and Molnar and Hager (NSF number EAR9117889 and NASA number NAG5-1947). In addition, the work is being conducted under the auspices of the US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection, with support from the United States Geological Survey.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150018570','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150018570"><span>Characterization of Meteorites by Focused Ion Beam Sectioning: Recent Applications to <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and Primitive Meteorite Matrices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Christoffersen, Roy; Keller, Lindsay P.; Han, Jangmi; Rahman, Zia; Berger, Eve L.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning has revolutionized preparation of meteorite samples for characterization by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and other techniques. Although FIB is not "non-destructive" in the purest sense, each extracted section amounts to no more than nanograms (approximately 500 cubic microns) removed intact from locations precisely controlled by SEM imaging and analysis. Physical alteration of surrounding material by ion damage, fracture or sputter contamination effects is localized to within a few micrometers around the lift-out point. This leaves adjacent material intact for coordinate geochemical analysis by SIMS, microdrill extraction/TIMS and other techniques. After lift out, FIB sections can be quantitatively analyzed by electron microprobe prior to final thinning, synchrotron x-ray techniques, and by the full range of state-of-the-art analytical field-emission scanning transmission electron microscope (FE-STEM) techniques once thinning is complete. Multiple meteorite studies supported by FIB/FE-STEM are currently underway at NASA-JSC, including coordinated analysis of refractory phase assemblages in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and fine-grained matrices in carbonaceous chondrites. FIB sectioning of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> has uncovered epitaxial and other overgrowth relations between corundum-hibonite-spinel consistent with hibonite preceding corundum and/or spinel in non-equilibrium condensation sequences at combinations of higher gas pressures, dust-gas enrichments or significant nebular transport. For all of these cases, the ability of FIB to allow for coordination with spatially-associated isotopic data by SIMS provides immense value for constraining the formation scenarios of the particular <span class="hlt">CAI</span> assemblage. For carbonaceous chondrites matrix material, FIB has allowed us to obtain intact continuous sections of the immediate outer surface of Murchison (CM2) after it has been experimentally ion processed to simulate solar wind space weathering. The surface</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T43A2161M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.T43A2161M"><span>Reciever Function Transect Across Tibet, Tarim and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marshall, B.; Levin, V. L.; Huang, G.; Roecker, S. W.; Wang, H.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>We investigate the region of the ongoing collision between the India and Eurasia tectonic plates that results in widespread deformation of the continental lithosphere. Over the past decade, numerous regional studies were conducted between the Himalaya and the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan mountains, each illuminating a small part of the area. We combine the data from a number of portable and permanent networks to construct a ~1800 km long profile of lithospheric properties that cross three very different tectonic domains: the Tibetan plateau, the Tarim basin, and the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan mountains. We use data from 60 stations operated in the region by US, Chinese and French researchers. We use records of distant earthquakes to construct receiver function gathers for each station. The uniformity of processing ensures that our results are comparable along the transect. We examine receiver function gathers at each site, and rank their quality on the basis of number of records, noise levels, and directional stability of the wavefield. We select 27 sites with high-quality data. For these we construct average receiver function traces using data in the 60-85 degree range, and use them as a guide to the lithospheric layering beneath the region. On most receiver functions we constructed the most prominent feature is a positive phase likely associated with the crust-mantle transition. The timing of this phase varies significantly over the length of the profile. Beneath the Tibetan plateau delay times ~7-8 s are seen close to the Himalayas, and nearly 10 s delays are found further north. Delays of 6 to 8 s are seen beneath sites in the Tarim basin and the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan mountains, and nearly 10 s delays are seen at the border between them. In addition to the pulse associated with the crust-mantle transition we see other locally-consistent features, for example a negative phase with delay values between 3 and 5 s beneath much of the Tibetan plateau.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED077195.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED077195.pdf"><span>A Model Driven Question-Answering System for a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Environment. Final Report (July 1970 to May 1972).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brown, John S.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A question answering system which permits a computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) student greater initiative in the variety of questions he can ask is described. A method is presented to represent the dynamic processes of a subject matter area by augmented finite state automata, which permits efficient inferencing about dynamic processes and…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693267','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693267"><span>Complete genome sequence of Defluviimonas alba <span class="hlt">cai</span>42T, a microbial exopolysaccharides producer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Jie-Yu; Geng, Shuang; Xu, Lian; Hu, Bing; Sun, Ji-Quan; Nie, Yong; Tang, Yue-Qin; Wu, Xiao-Lei</p> <p>2016-12-10</p> <p>Defluviimonas alba <span class="hlt">cai</span>42 T , isolated from the oil-production water in Xinjiang Oilfield in China, has a strong ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). We hereby present its complete genome sequence information which consists of a circular chromosome and three plasmids. The strain characteristically contains various genes encoding for enzymes involved in EPS biosynthesis, modification, and export. According to the genomic and physiochemical data, it is predicted that the strain has the potential to be utilized in industrial production of microbial EPS. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994CPL...225...76C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994CPL...225...76C"><span>Resonance-enhanced two-photon excitation of <span class="hlt">CaI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Casero-Junquera, Elena; Lawruszczuk, Rafal; Rostas, Joëlle; Taieb, Guy</p> <p>1994-07-01</p> <p>Induced fluorescence following visible (620-655 nm) laser excitation of the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> radical has been detected not only in the same region (B, A-X transitions), but also in the UV (315-330 nm). The UV two-photon excitation spectrum consists of narrow bands appearing at laser frequencies located within certain bands of the Δ v = 1, 0 sequences of the B 2Σ +-X 2Σ + and A 2Π 1/2-X 2Σ + systems. The main peaks are tentatively assigned to resonance-enhanced excitation of a single vibrational level of the lowest Rydberg D 2Σ + state from successive vibrational levels of the ground state. The excitation process is a one-color two-photon optical—optical-double-resonance via B 2Σ + and A 2Π 1/2 intermediate levels. This analysis is supported by the absorption spectrum observed long ago by Walters and Barratt. The absorption and laser excitation complementary data have been used to derive approximate molecular constants for the D state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239997','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239997"><span>A Design of Computer Aided Instructions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for Undirected Graphs in the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT). Part 1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-06-01</p> <p>The objective of this thesis research is to create a tutorial for teaching aspects of undirected graphs in discrete math . It is one of the submodules...of the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT), which is a Computer Aided Instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tool for teaching discrete math to the Naval Academy and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239998','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239998"><span>A Design of Computer Aided Instructions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for Undirected Graphs in the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT). Part 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-06-01</p> <p>The objective of this thesis research is to create a tutorial for teaching aspects of undirected graphs in discrete math . It is one of the submodules...of the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT), which is a Computer Aided Instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tool for teaching discrete math to the Naval Academy and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165016','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165016"><span>Sexual life and sexual wellness in individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fliegner, Maike; Krupp, Kerstin; Brunner, Franziska; Rall, Katharina; Brucker, Sara Y; Briken, Peer; Richter-Appelt, Hertha</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Sexual wellness depends on a person's physical and psychological constitution. Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) can compromise sexual well-being. To compare sexual well-being in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and MRKHS using multiple measures: To assess sexual problems and perceived distress. To gain insight into participants' feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, level of self-esteem and depression. To determine how these psychological factors relate to sexual (dys)function. To uncover what participants see as the source of their sexual problems. Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Eleven individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and 49 with MRKHS with/without neovagina treatment were included. Rates of sexual dysfunctions, overall sexual function, feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, self-esteem and depression scores were calculated. Categorizations were used to identify critical cases. Correlations between psychological variables and sexual function were computed. Sexually active subjects were compared with sexually not active participants. A qualitative content analysis was carried out to explore causes of sexual problems. An extended list of sexual problems based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision, by the American Psychiatric Association and related distress. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), German Questionnaire on Feelings of Inadequacy in Social and Sexual Situations (FUSS social scale, FUSS sexual scale), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) subscale depression. Open question on alleged causes of sexual problems. The results point to a far-reaching lack of sexual confidence and sexual satisfaction in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. In MRKHS apprehension in sexual situations is a source of distress, but sexual problems seem to be more focused on issues of vaginal functioning. MRKHS women report being satisfied with their</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22080372-quantum-computational-universality-cai-miyake-duer-briegel-two-dimensional-quantum-state-from-affleck-kennedy-lieb-tasaki-quasichains','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22080372-quantum-computational-universality-cai-miyake-duer-briegel-two-dimensional-quantum-state-from-affleck-kennedy-lieb-tasaki-quasichains"><span>Quantum computational universality of the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Duer-Briegel two-dimensional quantum state from Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wei, Tzu-Chieh; C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3840; Raussendorf, Robert</p> <p>2011-10-15</p> <p>Universal quantum computation can be achieved by simply performing single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled resource state, such as cluster states. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Miyake, Duer, and Briegel recently constructed a ground state of a two-dimensional quantum magnet by combining multiple Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 entities and by mapping pairs of neighboring spin-1/2 particles to individual spin-3/2 particles [Phys. Rev. A 82, 052309 (2010)]. They showed that this state enables universal quantum computation by single-spin measurements. Here, we give an alternative understanding of how this state gives rise to universal measurement-based quantum computation: by local operations, each quasichain canmore » be converted to a one-dimensional cluster state and entangling gates between two neighboring logical qubits can be implemented by single-spin measurements. We further argue that a two-dimensional cluster state can be distilled from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Duer-Briegel state.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A21A2152H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A21A2152H"><span>Adaptation of an aerosol retrieval algorithm using multi-wavelength and multi-pixel information of satellites (MWPM) to GOSAT/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hashimoto, M.; Takenaka, H.; Higurashi, A.; Nakajima, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Aerosol in the atmosphere is an important constituent for determining the earth's radiation budget, so the accurate aerosol retrievals from satellite is useful. We have developed a satellite remote sensing algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical properties using multi-wavelength and multi-pixel information of satellite imagers (MWPM). The method simultaneously derives aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical thickness (AOT), single scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol size information, by using spatial difference of wavelegths (multi-wavelength) and surface reflectances (multi-pixel). The method is useful for aerosol retrieval over spatially heterogeneous surface like an urban region. In this algorithm, the inversion method is a combination of an optimal method and smoothing constraint for the state vector. Furthermore, this method has been combined with the direct radiation transfer calculation (RTM) numerically solved by each iteration step of the non-linear inverse problem, without using look up table (LUT) with several constraints. However, it takes too much computation time. To accelerate the calculation time, we replaced the RTM with an accelerated RTM solver learned by neural network-based method, EXAM (Takenaka et al., 2011), using Rster code. And then, the calculation time was shorternd to about one thouthandth. We applyed MWPM combined with EXAM to GOSAT/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Cloud and Aerosol Imager). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a supplement sensor of TANSO-FTS, dedicated to measure cloud and aerosol properties. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has four bands, 380, 674, 870 and 1600 nm, and observes in 500 meters resolution for band1, band2 and band3, and 1.5 km for band4. Retrieved parameters are aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of fine and coarse mode particles at a wavelenth of 500nm, a volume soot fraction in fine mode particles, and ground surface albedo of each observed wavelength by combining a minimum reflectance method and Fukuda et al. (2013). We will show</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27666995','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27666995"><span>Effects of Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on Suan <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Fermentation in Northeast China.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Hongyan; Wu, Hao; Gao, Lijuan; Jia, Hongbai; Zhang, Yuan; Cui, Zongjun; Li, Yuhua</p> <p>2016-12-28</p> <p>To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on suan <span class="hlt">cai</span> (pickled Chinese cabbage) fermentation, L. curvatus and/or Ln. mesenteroides were inoculated into suan <span class="hlt">cai</span>. Physicochemical indexes were measured, and the microbial dynamics during the fermentation were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) lowered the pH of the fermentation system more rapidly. The decrease in water-soluble carbohydrates in the inoculated treatments occurred more rapidly than in the control. The LAB counts in the control were lower than in other inoculated treatments during the first 12 days of fermentation. According to the Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses, Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Actinobacteria , Cyanobacteria , Fusobacteria , and Verrucomicrobia were present in the fermentations, along with other unclassified bacteria. Generally, Firmicutes was predominant during the fermentation in all treatments. At the genus level, 16 genera were detected. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in all inoculated treatments was higher than in the control. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the treatments containing L. curvatus was higher than in the Ln. mesenteroides -only treatment. The relative abundance of Leuconostoc in the Ln. mesenteroides -containing treatments increased continuously throughout the fermentation. Leuconostoc was highest in the Ln. mesenteroides -only treatment. According to the qPCR results, L. curvatus and/or Ln. mesenteroides inoculations could effectively inhabit the fermentation system. L. curvatus dominated the fermentation in the inoculated treatments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A41I0176K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A41I0176K"><span>GOSAT CO2 retrieval results using TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> aerosol information over East Asia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>KIM, M.; Kim, W.; Jung, Y.; Lee, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, H.; Boesch, H.; Goo, T. Y.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>In the satellite remote sensing of CO2, incorrect aerosol information could induce large errors as previous studies suggested. Many factors, such as, aerosol type, wavelength dependency of AOD, aerosol polarization effect and etc. have been main error sources. Due to these aerosol effects, large number of data retrieved are screened out in quality control, or retrieval errors tend to increase if not screened out, especially in East Asia where aerosol concentrations are fairly high. To reduce these aerosol induced errors, a CO2 retrieval algorithm using the simultaneous TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> aerosol information is developed. This algorithm adopts AOD and aerosol type information as a priori information from the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> aerosol retrieval algorithm. The CO2 retrieval algorithm based on optimal estimation method and VLIDORT, a vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer model. The CO2 algorithm, developed with various state vectors to find accurate CO2 concentration, shows reasonable results when compared with other dataset. This study concentrates on the validation of retrieved results with the ground-based TCCON measurements in East Asia and the comparison with the previous retrieval from ACOS, NIES, and UoL. Although, the retrieved CO2 concentration is lower than previous results by ppm's, it shows similar trend and high correlation with previous results. Retrieved data and TCCON measurements data are compared at three stations of Tsukuba, Saga, Anmyeondo in East Asia, with the collocation criteria of ±2°in latitude/longitude and ±1 hours of GOSAT passing time. Compared results also show similar trend with good correlation. Based on the TCCON comparison results, bias correction equation is calculated and applied to the East Asia data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=csr+OR+corporate+AND+social+AND+responsibility&id=EJ1062828','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=csr+OR+corporate+AND+social+AND+responsibility&id=EJ1062828"><span>From Corporate Social Responsibility, through Entrepreneurial Orientation, to Knowledge Sharing: A Study in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Luong (Renovated Theatre) Theatre Companies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Tuan, Luu Trong</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Purpose: This paper aims to examine the role of antecedents such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and entrepreneurial orientation in the chain effect to knowledge sharing among members of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Luong theatre companies in the Vietnamese context. Knowledge sharing contributes to the depth of the knowledge pool of both the individuals and the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCrGr.486..162S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCrGr.486..162S"><span>Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Eu2+ doped Cs4<span class="hlt">CaI</span>6 and Cs4SrI6</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stand, L.; Zhuravleva, M.; Chakoumakos, B.; Johnson, J.; Loyd, M.; Wu, Y.; Koschan, M.; Melcher, C. L.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In this work we present the crystal growth and scintillation properties of two new ternarymetal halide scintillators activated with divalent europium, Cs4<span class="hlt">CaI</span>6 and Cs4SrI6. Single crystals of each compound were grown in evacuated quartz ampoules via the vertical Bridgman technique using a two-zone transparent furnace. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments showed that both crystals have a trigonal (R-3c) structure, with a density of 3.99 g/cm3 and 4.03 g/cm3. The radioluminescence and photoluminescence measurements showed typical luminescence properties due to the 5d-4f radiative transitions in Eu2+. At this early stage of development Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4<span class="hlt">CaI</span>6:Eu have shown very promising scintillation properties, with light yields and energy resolutions of 62,300 ph/MeV and 3.3%, and 51,800 photons/MeV and 3.6% at 662 keV, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvA..84d2333W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvA..84d2333W"><span>Quantum computational universality of the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Dür-Briegel two-dimensional quantum state from Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wei, Tzu-Chieh; Raussendorf, Robert; Kwek, Leong Chuan</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>Universal quantum computation can be achieved by simply performing single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled resource state, such as cluster states. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Miyake, Dür, and Briegel recently constructed a ground state of a two-dimensional quantum magnet by combining multiple Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 entities and by mapping pairs of neighboring spin-1/2 particles to individual spin-3/2 particles [Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.82.052309 82, 052309 (2010)]. They showed that this state enables universal quantum computation by single-spin measurements. Here, we give an alternative understanding of how this state gives rise to universal measurement-based quantum computation: by local operations, each quasichain can be converted to a one-dimensional cluster state and entangling gates between two neighboring logical qubits can be implemented by single-spin measurements. We further argue that a two-dimensional cluster state can be distilled from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Dür-Briegel state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.207....1T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.207....1T"><span>In situ isotopic studies of the U-depleted Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Curious Marie: Pre-accretionary alteration and the co-existence of 26Al and 36Cl in the early solar nebula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tang, Haolan; Liu, Ming-Chang; McKeegan, Kevin D.; Tissot, Francois L. H.; Dauphas, Nicolas</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The isotopic composition of oxygen as well as 26Al-26Mg and 36Cl-36S systematics were studied in Curious Marie, an aqueously altered Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> characterized by a Group II REE pattern and a large 235U excess produced by the decay of short-lived 247Cm. Oxygen isotopic compositions in the secondary minerals of Curious Marie follow a mass-dependent fractionation line with a relatively homogenous depletion in 16O (Δ17O of -8‰) compared to unaltered minerals of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> components. Both Mg and S show large excesses of radiogenic isotopes (26Mg∗ and 36S∗) that are uniformly distributed within the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, independent of parent/daughter ratio. A model initial 26Al/27Al ratio [(6.2 ± 0.9) × 10-5], calculated using the bulk Al/Mg ratio and the uniform δ26Mg∗ ∼ +43‰, is similar to the canonical initial solar system value within error. The exceptionally high bulk Al/Mg ratio of this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (∼95) compared to other inclusions is presumably due to Mg mobilization by fluids. Therefore, the model initial 26Al/27Al ratio of this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> implies not only the early condensation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursor but also that aqueous alteration occurred early, when 26Al was still at or near the canonical value. This alteration event is most likely responsible for the U depletion in Curious Marie and occurred at most 50 kyr after <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation, leading to a revised estimate of the early solar system 247Cm/235U ratio of (5.6 ± 0.3) × 10-5. The Mg isotopic composition in Curious Marie was subsequently homogenized by closed-system thermal processing without contamination by chondritic Mg. The large, homogeneous 36S excesses (Δ36S∗ ∼ +97‰) detected in the secondary phases of Curious Marie are attributed to 36Cl decay (t1/2 = 0.3 Myr) that was introduced by Cl-rich fluids during the aqueous alteration event that led to sodalite formation. A model 36Cl/35Cl ratio of (2.3 ± 0.6) × 10-5 is calculated at the time of aqueous alteration, translating into an initial 36Cl/35Cl ratio of ∼1.7-3 </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009gdca.conf..321C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009gdca.conf..321C"><span>Problem Solving Process Research of Everyone Involved in Innovation Based on <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Tao; Shao, Yunfei; Tang, Xiaowo</p> <p></p> <p>It is very important that non-technical department personnel especially bottom line employee serve as innovators under the requirements of everyone involved in innovation. According the view of this paper, it is feasible and necessary to build everyone involved in innovation problem solving process under Total Innovation Management (TIM) based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). The tools under the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> technology: How TO mode and science effects database could be very useful for all employee especially non-technical department and bottom line for innovation. The problem solving process put forward in the paper focus on non-technical department personnel especially bottom line employee for innovation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED069154.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED069154.pdf"><span>The Computer as an Authority Figure: Some Effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on Student Perception of Teacher Authority. Technical Report Number 29.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brod, Rodney L.</p> <p></p> <p>A sociological theory of authority was used to investigate some nonintellective, perhaps unintended, consequences of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) upon student's attitudes and orientations toward the organization of the school. An attitudinal questionnaire was used to survey attitudes toward the teacher and the computer in a junior high…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DokES.442..292K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DokES.442..292K"><span>Heterogeneities of the shear wave attenuation field in the lithosphere of East <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and their relationship with seismicity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kopnichev, Yu. F.; Sokolova, I. N.</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>The shear wave attenuation field in the lithosphere of Eastern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan has been mapped. The method based on analysis of the ratio between amplitudes of Sn and Pn waves was used. On aggregate, about 120 seismograms made at the Makanchi station (MKAR), mainly in the period of 2003-2009, at epicentral distances of about 350-1200 km were analyzed. It was found that shear wave attenuation in the lithosphere of Eastern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is weaker than that in the region of Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. This agrees with the fact that the rate of deformation of the Earth's crust in Eastern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is lower (based on GPS data), as is the seismicity level, in comparison to Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. The zones of high attenuation, where strong earthquakes with M > 7.0 have not occurred for the last 200 years, have been identified: first of all, these are the area west of Urumqi and that of the Lop Nur test site. It is suggested that in the first zone, where an annular seismicity structure has formed over the last 30 years, a strong earthquake may be being prepared. The second zone is most probably related to the uplift of mantle fluids resulting from a long-term intensive technogenic effect, analogous to what has occurred in areas of other nuclear test sites (Nevada and Semipalatinsk).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930068398&hterms=Israel+humanity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DIsrael%2Bhumanity','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930068398&hterms=Israel+humanity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DIsrael%2Bhumanity"><span>Secondary processing of chondrules and refractory inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) by gasdynamic heating</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Podolak, M.; Prialnik, D.; Bunch, T. E.; Cassen, P.; Reynolds, R.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Results of calculations performed to determine the conditions necessary for producing the opaque rims on chondrules and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rims by high-speed entry into the transient atmosphere of an accreting meteorite parent body are presented. The sensitivity of these results to variations in critical parameters is investigated. The range of entry velocities which can produce such rims is shown to depend on the size, melting temperature, and thermal conductivity of the particles. For particles greater than 2 mm in radius, with thermal conductivities of 20,000 ergs/sm s K or lower, entry velocities of about 3 km/s suffice. For particle sizes less than 1 mm in radius, the range of encounter velocities that can produce rims is narrow or vanishing, regardless of the thermal conductivity, unless the melting temperature in the outer part of the chondrule has been reduced by compositional heterogeneity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Raise+AND+iq&pg=4&id=ED283870','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Raise+AND+iq&pg=4&id=ED283870"><span>An Empirical Assessment of Selected Software Purported to Raise SAT Scores Significantly When Utilized With Short-Term <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on the Microcomputer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Davis, Wesley D.</p> <p></p> <p>This study evaluated Krell's 1981-82 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) preparatory series software purported to raise students' scores substantially after only a short term of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Forty-eight college-bound juniors from Escambia County (Florida) were assigned to experimental and control groups. A two-phased pre- and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=225291','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=225291"><span>MEDLEARN: a computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) program for MEDLARS.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Eisenberg, L J; Standing, R A; Tidball, C S; Leiter, J</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>*MEDLEARN*, a second-generation computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) program available (nationally) since October 1976, provides on-line training for MEDLINE, one of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) data base. *MEDLEARN* was developed as a joint effort between NLM and The George Washington University Medical Center. Using MEDLINE formats throughout, *MEDLEARN* combines tutorial dialogue, drill and practice, testing, and simulation. The program was designed in three tracks oriented to basic methods, advanced techniques, and new developments. Each topic is presented on two levels, permitting an alternate explanation for users encountering difficulty. *MEDLEARN*, coded in the computer language PILOT, was developed with a modular structure which promotes ease of writing and revision. A versatile control structure maximizes student control. Frequent interactions check immediate recall, general comprehension, and integration of knowledge. Two MEDLINE simulations are included, providing the student an opportunity to formulate and execute a search, have it evaluated, and then perform the search in MEDLINE. Commenting, news broadcasting, and monitoring (with permission only) capabilities are also available. Subjective field appraisals have been positive and NLM plans to expand *MEDLEARN* and produce similar programs for other data bases. PMID:342015</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415182','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415182"><span>Salud <span class="hlt">Tiene</span> Sabor: a model for healthier restaurants in a Latino community.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nevarez, Carmen R; Lafleur, Mariah S; Schwarte, Liz U; Rodin, Beth; de Silva, Pri; Samuels, Sarah E</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has risen nationally in recent decades, and is exceptionally high in low-income communities of color such as South Los Angeles CA. Independently owned restaurants participating in the Salud <span class="hlt">Tiene</span> Sabor program at ethnic foods marketplace Mercado La Paloma in South Los Angeles are responding to the childhood obesity crisis by posting calories for menu items and providing nutrition information to patrons. To evaluate whether menu labeling and nutrition information at point of purchase have an influence on availability of healthy food options, patron awareness of calorie information, and restaurant owners' support of the program. A case-study design using mixed methods included restaurant owner and stakeholder interviews, patron surveys, and environmental assessments. Data were collected using originally designed tools, and analyzed in 2009-2011. Healthy eating options were available at the Mercado La Paloma; restaurant owners and the larger community supported the Salud <span class="hlt">Tiene</span> Sabor program; 33% of patrons reported calorie information-influenced purchase decisions. Owners of independent restaurants have an important role in improving access to healthy foods in low-income, Latino communities. Copyright © 2013 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Tectp.328....1B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Tectp.328....1B"><span>Geological development and Phanerozoic crustal accretion in the western segment of the southern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brookfield, M. E.</p> <p>2000-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan form a high intracontinental mountain belt, lying north of the main India-Asia collision mountains, and consist of re-activated Paleozoic orogens. The western segment of the southern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan lies northwest of the Pamir and west of the Talas-Fergana fault. The stratigraphy, lithology, igneous and metamorphic petrology and geochemistry of this segment indicate that it was formed by the assembly of Lower Paleozoic arcs which developed into microcontinents with Upper Paleozoic mature shelf and slope clastic and carbonate sediments. Precambrian continental crust is confined to two small blocks along its southern margin. The bulk of the southern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan consists of ?Vendian to Silurian oceanic and slope clastic rocks, resting on oceanic lithosphere, and overlain by thick passive margin Devonian to mid-Carboniferous mature shelf clastics and carbonates. These are unconformably overlain by syn- and post-orogenic immature clastic sediments derived from mountains on the north formed by closure of a Carboniferus southern Tajik and a northern Vendian to Carboniferous Turkestan ocean with the southern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan microcontinent sandwiched between. Associated with these collisions are late Carboniferous to Permian intrusives, which form three south to north (though overlapping) suites; a southern calc-alkaline granodiorite-granite suite, an intermediate gabbro-monzodiorite-granite suite, and a northern alkaline monzodiorite-granite-alaskite suite. The gabbro-monzodiorite-granite suite forms the earliest subduction-related magmatism of the southern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan: rare earth element patterns are consistent with derivation from a primitive or slightly enriched mantle. The other suites show more crustal contamination. Rb and Sr vary with depth and degree of partial melting and are consistent with progressive involvement of crustal material in partial melts during collision. The gradual change in composition within each complex, lasting in some cases from 295 to 250 Ma</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026913','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026913"><span>Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, Asia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Aizen, V.B.; Aizen, E.M.; Melack, J.M.; Kreutz, K.J.; Cecil, L.D.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Glacioclimatological research in the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan was performed in the summers of 1998 and 1999 on the South Inilchek Glacier at 5100-5460 m. A 14.36 m firn-ice core and snow samples were collected and used for stratigraphic, isotopic, and chemical analyses. The firn-ice core and snow records were related to snow pit measurements at an event scale and to meteorological data and synoptic indices of atmospheric circulation at annual and seasonal scales. Linear relationships between the seasonal air temperature and seasonal isotopic composition in accumulated precipitation were established. Changes in the ??18O air temperature relationship, in major ion concentration and in the ratios between chemical species, were used to identify different sources of moisture and investigate changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Precipitation over the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is characterized by the lowest ionic content among the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan glaciers and indicates its mainly marine origin. In seasons of minimum precipitation, autumn and winter, water vapor was derived from the and and semiarid regions in central Eurasia and contributed annual maximal solute content to snow accumulation in <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. The lowest content of major ions was observed in spring and summer layers, which represent maximum seasonal accumulation when moisture originates over the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean and Black Seas. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002376','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002376"><span>A New Type of Foreign Clast in A Polymict Ureilite: A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or AL-Rich Chondrule</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Goodrich, C. A.; Ross, D. K.; Treiman, A. H.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Introduction: Polymict ureilites are breccias interpreted to represent regolith formed on a ureilitic asteroid [1-3]. They consist of approximately 90-95% clasts of various ureilite types (olivine-pyroxene rocks with Fo 75-95), a few % indigenous feldspathic clasts, and a few % foreign clasts [4-20]. The foreign clasts are diverse, including fragments of H, L, LL and R chondrites, angrites, other achondrites, and dark clasts similar to CC [6,7,9-19]. We report a new type of foreign clast in polymict ureilite DaG 999. Methods: Clast 8 in Dar al Gani (DaG) 999/1 (Museum fur Naturkunde) was discovered during a survey of feldspathic clasts in polymict ureilites [19,20]. It was studied by BEI, EMPA, and X-ray mapping on the JEOL 8530F electron microprobe at ARES, JSC. Petrography and Mineral Compositions: Clast 8 is sub-rounded to irregular in shape, approximately 85 micrometers in diameter, and consists of approximately 68% pyroxene and 32% mesostasis (by area). Part of the pyroxene (top half of clast in Fig. 1a and 2) shows a coarse dendritic morphology; the rest appears massive. Mesostasis may be glassy and contains fine needles/grains of pyroxene. The pyroxene has very high CaO (23.5 wt.%) and Al2O3 (19.7 wt.%), with the formula: (Ca(0.91)Mg(0.63)Fe(0.01)Al(sup VI) (0.38)Cr(0.01)Ti(0.05)1.99 Si2O6. The bulk mesostasis also has very high Al2O3 (approximately 26 wt.%). A bulk composition for the clast was obtained by combining modal abundances with phase compositions (Table 1, Fig. 3). Discussion: The pyroxene in clast 8 has a Ca-Al-(Ti)- rich (fassaitic) composition that is clearly distinct from compositions of pyroxenes in main group ureilites [22] or indigenous feldspathic clasts in polymict ureilites [4-8]. It also has significantly higher Al than fassaite in angrites (up to approximately 12 wt.% [23]), which occur as xenoliths in polymict ureilites. Ca-Al-Ti rich pyroxenes are most commonly found in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, Al-rich chondrules and other types of refractory</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=256253&Lab=NERL&keyword=solomon+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=256253&Lab=NERL&keyword=solomon+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Empirical Relationship between particulate matter and Aerosol Optical Depth over Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan, Central Asia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Measurements were obtained at two sites in northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan in Central Asia during a 1-year period beginning July 2008 to examine the statistical relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and of fine [PM2.5, particles less than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (AD)] and coars...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI31A0394W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI31A0394W"><span>Mountain Building in Central and Western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan Orogen: Insight from Joint Inversion of Surface Wave Phase Velocities and Body Wave Travel Times</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, S.; Yang, Y.; Wang, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan orogeny, situated in central Asia about 2000 km away from the collision boundary between Indian plate and Eurasian plate, is one of the highest, youngest, and most active intracontinental mountain belts on the earth. It first formed during the Paleozoic times and became reactivated at about 20Ma. Although many studies on the dynamic processes of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan orogeny have been carried out before, its tectonic rejuvenation and uplift mechanism are still being debated. A high-resolution model of crust and mantle beneath <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is critical to discern among competing models for the mountain building. In this study, we collect and process seismic data recorded by several seismic arrays in the central and western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan region to generate surface wave dispersion curves at 6-140 s period using ambient noise tomography (ANT) and two-plane surface wave tomography (TPWT) methods. Using these dispersion curves, we construct a high-resolution 3-D image of shear wave velocity (Vs) in the crust and upper mantle up to 300 km depth. Our current model constrained only by surface waves shows that, under the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan orogenic belt, a strong low S-wave velocity anomaly exists in the uppermost mantle down to the depth of 200km, supporting the model that the hot upper mantle is upwelling under the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan orogenic belt, which may be responsible for the mountain building. To the west of central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan across the Talas-Fergana fault, low S-wave velocity anomalies in the upper mantle become much weaker and finally disappear beneath the Fergana basin. Because surface waves are insensitive to the structures below 300 km, body wave arrival times will be included for a joint inversion with surface waves to generate S-wave velocity structure from the surface down to the mantle transition zone. The joint inversion of both body and surface waves provide complementary constraints on structures at different depths and helps to achieve a more realistic model compared with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMEP53D1064S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMEP53D1064S"><span>Climate change impacts on glaciers and runoff in <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (Central Asia)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sorg, A. F.; Bolch, T.; Stoffel, M.; Solomina, O.; Beniston, M.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Climate-driven changes in glacier-fed streamflow regimes have direct implications on freshwater supply, irrigation and hydropower potential. Reliable information about current and future glaciation and runoff is crucial for water allocation and, hence, for social and ecological stability. Although the impacts of climate change on glaciation and runoff have been addressed in previous work undertaken in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (known as the 'water tower of Central Asia'), a coherent, regional perspective of these findings has not been presented until now. In our study, we explore the range of changes in glaciation in different climatic regions of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan based on existing data. We show that the majority of <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan glaciers experienced accelerated glacier wasting since the mid-1970s and that glacier shrinkage is most pronounced in peripheral, lower-elevation ranges near the densely populated forelands, where summers are dry and where snow and glacial meltwater is essential for water availability. The annual glacier area shrinkage rates since the middle of the twentieth century are 0.38-0.76% per year in the outer ranges, 0.15-0.40% per year in the inner ranges and 0.05-0.31% per year in the eastern ranges. This regionally non-uniform response to climate change implies that glacier shrinkage is less severe in the continental inner ranges than in the more humid outer ranges. Glaciers in the inner ranges react with larger time lags to climate change, because accumulation and thus mass turnover of the mainly cold glaciers are relatively small. Moreover, shrinkage is especially pronounced on small or fragmented glaciers, which are widely represented in the outer regions. The relative insensitivity of glaciers in the inner ranges is further accentuated by the higher average altitude, as the equilibrium line altitude ranges from 3'500 to 3'600 masl in the outer ranges to 4'400 masl in the inner ranges. For our study, we used glacier change assessments based both on direct data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017TCry...11..997W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017TCry...11..997W"><span>Mapping and inventorying active rock glaciers in the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan of China using satellite SAR interferometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Xiaowen; Liu, Lin; Zhao, Lin; Wu, Tonghua; Li, Zhongqin; Liu, Guoxiang</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Rock glaciers are widespread in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. However, rock glaciers in the Chinese part of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan have not been systematically investigated for more than 2 decades. In this study, we propose a new method that combines SAR interferometry and optical images from Google Earth to map active rock glaciers (ARGs) in the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (NTS) of China. We compiled an inventory that includes 261 ARGs and quantitative information about their locations, geomorphic parameters, and downslope velocities. Our inventory shows that most of the ARGs are moraine-derived (69 %) and facing northeast (56 %). The altitude distribution of ARGs in the western NTS is significantly different from those located in the eastern part. The downslope velocities of the ARGs vary significantly in space, with a maximum of about 114 cm yr-1 and a mean of about 37 cm yr-1. Using the ARG locations as a proxy for the extent of alpine permafrost, our inventory suggests that the lowest altitudinal limit for the presence of permafrost in the NTS is about 2500-2800 m, a range determined by the lowest ARG in the entire inventory and by a statistics-based estimation. The successful application of the proposed method would facilitate effective and robust efforts to map rock glaciers over mountain ranges globally. This study provides an important dataset to improve mapping and modeling permafrost occurrence in vast western China.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22principles+of+macroeconomics%22&pg=2&id=ED150057','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22principles+of+macroeconomics%22&pg=2&id=ED150057"><span>An Evaluation of the Cognitive and Affective Performance of an Integrated Set of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Materials in the Principles of Macroeconomics. Studies in Economic Education, No. 4.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Daellenbach, Lawrence A.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on the cognitive and affective development of college students enrolled in a principles of macroeconomics course. The hypotheses of the experiment were stated as follows: In relation to the traditional principles course, the experimental treatment will…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Litho.304..135L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Litho.304..135L"><span>Permian charnockites in the Pobeda area: Implications for Tarim mantle plume activity and HT metamorphism in the South <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan range</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Loury, Chloé; Rolland, Yann; Lanari, Pierre; Guillot, Stéphane; Bosch, Delphine; Ganino, Clément; Jourdon, Anthony; Petit, Carole; Gallet, Sylvain; Monié, Patrick; Riel, Nicolas</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The Permian history of the Central Asian Orogenic belt is marked by large-scale strike-slip faults that reactivate former Paleozoic structures, delineated by widespread alkaline magmatism. The genetic link between the syn-kinematic granitoids emplaced in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan range and magmas emplaced within the Tarim Large Igneous Province, and the interaction between this plume and transcurrent tectonics, are still unsolved issues. We investigated the Pobeda massif, in the eastern Kyrgyz <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, located at the boundary between the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan range and the Tarim Craton, which exhibits a high-temperature unit. In this unit, Permian magmatism resulted in the emplacement of alkaline charnockites at mid-crustal levels. The primary mineralogical assemblage is nominally anhydrous and made of ortho- and clino-pyroxenes, fayalite, K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz. These charnockites are associated with partially-molten paragneisses and marbles. Thermobarometry on these rocks indicates that the charnockites emplaced following the intrusion of a melt at a temperature > 1000 °C and pressure of around 6 kbar, corresponding to depth of 20 km. The resulting thermal anomaly triggered the partial melting of paragneisses. Bulk geochemistry including Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopes suggests that charnockites fit into the Tarim Large Igneous Province magmatic series, with minor crustal assimilation. U-Pb ages on zircons of charnockites and surrounding paragneisses indicate that charnockites intruded and triggered partial melting of the gneisses at c. 287, 275 and 265 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar dating on amphibole gives a similar age as the U-Pb age at 276.2 ± 2.0 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar dating on biotite from the Charnockite unit marbles gives ages at ca. 256-265 Ma, which shows that exhumation onset directly follows the HT history, and is tentatively correlated to top-to-the-North thrusting of the Charnockite unit in a transpressive context. Additional 40Ar/39Ar dating on syn-kinematic white micas from an</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.183..176H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.183..176H"><span>Microstructural constraints on complex thermal histories of refractory <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects in an amoeboid olivine aggregate from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Han, Jangmi; Brearley, Adrian J.</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>We have carried out a FIB/TEM study of refractory <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects in one AOA from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects in the AOA consist of a zoned sequence with a spinel-rich core through an intergrowth layer of spinel and Al-Ti-rich diopside to a diopside rim. The spinel-rich core consists of polycrystalline aggregates of spinel and ±minor melilite showing equilibrated grain boundary textures. The intergrowth layer contains fine-grained diopside and spinel with minor anorthite with highly curved and embayed grain boundaries. The diopside rim consists of polycrystalline aggregates of diopside. The compositions of pyroxene change significantly outward from Al-Ti-rich diopside in contact with the spinel-rich core to Al-Ti-poor diopside next to the surrounding olivine of the AOA. Overall microstructural and chemical characteristics suggest that the spinel-rich core formed under equilibrium conditions whereas the intergrowth layer is the result of reactions that occurred under conditions that departed significantly from equilibrium. The remarkable changes in formation conditions of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects may have been achieved by transport and injection of refractory objects into a region of a partially-condensed, Ca,Ti-saturated gas which reacted with spinel and melilite to form Al-Ti-rich diopside. Crystallographically-oriented TiO2 nanoparticles decorate the grain boundaries between spinel grains and between spinel and Al-Ti-rich diopside grains. During the disequilibrium back-reaction of spinel with a partially-condensed, Ca,Ti-saturated gas, metastable TiO2 nanoparticles may have condensed by an epitaxial nucleation mechanism and grown on the surface of spinel. These TiO2 nanoparticles are disordered intergrowths of the two TiO2 polymorphs, anatase and rutile. These nanoparticles are inferred to have nucleated as anatase that underwent partial transformation into rutile. The local presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles and intergrowth of anatase and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16929642','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16929642"><span>Organic pollution and salt intrusion in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Nuoc District, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tho, Nguyen; Vromant, Nico; Hung, Nguyen Thanh; Hens, Luc</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>In Ca Mau, Vietnam, farmers converted from rice to shrimp farming, while ignoring the degradation of the aquatic environment. We assessed the seasonal variations in organic pollution of the surface water and salt intrusion in one district and assessed the difference in chemical characteristics of the surface water of shrimp ponds and canals. Several variables reflecting salinity and organic pollution were measured in the wet and dry season. The results show that in the dry season salinity increased to 37.36-42.73 g l(-1) and COD and suspended solids increased to a maximum of 268.7 mg l(-1) and 1312.0 mg l(-1), respectively. In the wet season salinity values of 8.16 to 10.60 g l(-1) were recorded, indicating that salinity could no longer be washed out completely in this season. It is concluded that salinity and suspended solids in the aquatic environment in the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Nuoc district are increased by shrimp monoculture, whereas organic pollution is contributed by human population pressure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980004627','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980004627"><span>Application of Global Positioning Measurements to Continental Collision in the Pamir-<span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan Region, Central Asia and GPS Survey of the Western <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hamburger, Michael W.; Reilinger, Robert E.; Hager, Bradford H.; Molnar, Peter</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>In this report, we summarize what we have accomplished with five years of funding from NASA under its DOSE program, and with a comparable level of funding from NSF. We describe the development of a GPS network in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan of the former Soviet Union, the analysis of data, and the main results. This discussion presents the state of the current network, which has grown significantly since the termination of our DOSE grants, with continued support both from NSF through its continental dynamics program and from NASA's SENH program. Although grants from NASA's DOSE program did not support this growth not directly, it did so indirectly by building the infrastructure that has enabled further expansion in an area where otherwise there would be only a small GPS presence. We note how the network has grown over time, but the emphasis of this discussion is on the quantity and quality of measurements that we have made.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950004672','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950004672"><span>Ozone and nitrogen dioxide above the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Arefev, Vladimir N.; Volkovitsky, Oleg A.; Kamenogradsky, Nikita E.; Semyonov, Vladimir K.; Sinyakov, Valery P.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The results of systematic perennial measurements of the total ozone (since 1979) and nitrogen dioxide column (since 1983) in the atmosphere in the European-Asian continent center above the mountainmass of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan are given. This region is distinguished by a great number of sunny days during a year. The observation station is at the Northern shore of Issyk Kul Lake (42.56 N 77.04 E 1650 m above the sea level). The measurement results are presented as the monthly averaged atmospheric total ozone and NO2 stratospheric column abundances (morning and evening). The peculiarities of seasonal variations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents, their regular variances with a quasi-biennial cycles and trends have been noticed. Irregular variances of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents, i.e. their positive and negative anomalies in the monthly averaged contents relative to the perennial averaged monthly means, have been analyzed. The synchronous and opposite in phase anomalies in variations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents were explained by the transport and zonal circulation in the stratosphere (Kamenogradsky et al., 1990).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026959','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70026959"><span>Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, China, and its tectonic implications for the 1906 M~7.7 Manas earthquake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Wang, Chun-Yong; Yang, Zhu-En; Luo, Hai; Mooney, W.D.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan orogenic belt is the most active intracontinental mountain belt in the world. We describe an 86-km-long N–S-trending deep seismic reflection profile (which passes through the southern Junggar basin) located on the northeastern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan piedmont. Two distinct anticlines beneath the northern margin of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan are clearly imaged in the seismic section. In addition, we have imaged two detachment surfaces at depths of ∼7 and ∼16 km. The detachment surface at 16-km depth corresponds to the main detachment that converges with the steep angle reverse fault (the Junggar Southern Marginal Fault) on which the 1906 M~7.7 Manas earthquake occurred. A 12–14-km-thick sedimentary basin is imaged beneath the southern Junggar basin near Shihezi. The crust beneath the northern margin of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is 50–55-km thick, and decreases beneath the Junggar basin to 40–45-km thick. The crustal image of the deep seismic reflection profile is consistent with models derived from nearby seismic refraction data and Bouguer gravity anomalies in the same region. The faulting associated with the 1906 Manas earthquake also fits within the structural framework imaged by the seismic reflection profile. Present-day micro-seismicity shows a hypocentral depth-distribution between 5 and 35 km, with a peak at 20 km. We hypothesize that the 1906 Manas earthquake initiated at a depth of ∼20 km and propagated upwards, causing northward slip on the sub-horizontal detachments beneath the southern Junggar basin. Thus, in accord with regional geological mapping, the current shortening within the eastern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is accommodated both by high-angle reverse faulting and detachment faulting that can be clearly imaged at depth in seismic reflection data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017QSRv..159...15B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017QSRv..159...15B"><span>Timing and process of river and lake terrace formation in the Kyrgyz <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burgette, Reed J.; Weldon, Ray J.; Abdrakhmatov, Kanatbek Ye.; Ormukov, Cholponbek; Owen, Lewis A.; Thompson, Stephen C.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Well-preserved flights of river and lake terraces traverse an actively deforming rangefront, and form a link between glaciated mountains and a large intermontane lake in the Issyk-Kul basin of the Kyrgyz <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. We investigated the history and geometry of these lake and river terraces using geologic mapping, surveying, and radiocarbon and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating. A prominent late Pleistocene highstand of the lake occurred over at least the period of 43-25 ka, followed by a period of deep regression and subsequent rise of the lake to the modern sill level in the late Holocene. Major aggradation of the most prominent latest Quaternary river terrace along the Ak-Terek and Barskaun rivers likely started at ∼70-60 ka, coincident to the local last glacial maximum in this region. In contrast to some models of aggradation and incision, the rivers appear to have stayed near the top of the fill for >20 ka, incising subtly below the top of this fill by ∼37 ka, locally. Deep incision likely did not occur until the peak deglaciation in the latest Pleistocene. Older dated terrace surfaces are consistent with one major terrace-forming event per glacial, constant deformation and incision rates, and typical fluvial gradients lower than the modern incising streams. The dating confirms regional terrace correlations for the most prominent late Quaternary terraces, but correlating higher terraces is complicated by spatially varying uplift rates and preferential terrace preservation between basins in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.S41A2163R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.S41A2163R"><span>Full Waveform 2.5D Teleseismic Surface Wave Tomography with Application to the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roecker, S. W.; Priestley, K. F.; Baker, B. I.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>We adapt the 2.5D spectral domain finite difference waveform tomography algorithm of Roecker et al. (2010) to permit the analysis of teleseismically recorded surface waves. The teleseismic body wave technique of generating synthetic waveforms by specifying an analytic solution for a background wavefield in a 1D model and solving for a scattered field excited by this background is equally applicable to surface waves. We use the locked mode approach of Gomberg and Masters (1988) to calculate the background Greens functions at each point of the finite difference (FD) grid. Because of the much greater concentration of energy at the surface, we adopt the cell-based FD operators of Min et al. (2004) to calculate the free surface boundary conditions, and the generalized stretching function of Komatitch and Martin (2007) to improve the absorption in the PML. We use this algorithm to analyze broad band seismograms of events in Sumatra recorded by the MANAS array in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. Our results show that the upper mantle beneath much of the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan has shear wavespeeds at least 10% lower than the lithosphere beneath the Tarim basin to the south or the Kazach shield to the north. At the same time, there appears to be a remnant lithospheric lid beneath the Kyrgyz range in the north, an observation consistent with previous receiver function studies in this area.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dolphins&pg=6&id=ED287161','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dolphins&pg=6&id=ED287161"><span>Cost-Benefit Analysis for ECIA Chapter 1 and State DPPF Programs Comparing Groups Receiving Regular Program Instruction and Groups Receiving Computer Assisted Instruction/Computer Management System (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CMS). 1986-87.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Chamberlain, Ed</p> <p></p> <p>A cost benefit study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a computer assisted instruction/computer management system (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CMS) as an alternative to conventional methods of teaching reading within Chapter 1 and DPPF funded programs of the Columbus (Ohio) Public Schools. The Chapter 1 funded Compensatory Language Experiences and Reading…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.723..172K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.723..172K"><span>Mantle transition zone beneath the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan: Lithospheric delamination and mantle plumes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kosarev, Grigoriy; Oreshin, Sergey; Vinnik, Lev; Makeyeva, Larissa</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>We investigate structure of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) under the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan in central Asia by using recordings of seismograph stations in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and adjacent northern China. We apply P-wave receiver functions techniques and evaluate the differential time between the arrivals of seismic phases that are formed by P to SV mode conversion at the 410-km and 660-km seismic boundaries. The differential time is sensitive to the thickness of the MTZ and insensitive to volumetric velocity anomalies above the 410-km boundary. Under part of the southern central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan with the lowest S wave velocity in the uppermost mantle and the largest thickness of the crust, the thickness of the MTZ increases by 15-20 km relative to the ambient mantle and the reference model IASP91. The increased thickness is a likely effect of low (about - 150 K) temperature. This anomaly is indicative of delamination and sinking of the mantle lithosphere. The low temperature in the MTZ might also be a relic of subduction of the oceanic lithosphere in the Paleozoic, but this scenario requires strong coupling and coherence between structures in the MTZ and in the lithosphere during plate motions in the last 300 Myr. Our data reveal a reduction of thickness of the MTZ of 10-15 km under the Fergana basin, in the neighborhood of the region of small-scale basaltic volcanism at the time near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The reduced thickness of the MTZ is the effect of a depressed 410-km discontinuity, similar to that found in many hotspots. This depression suggests a positive temperature anomaly of about 100-150 K, consistent with the presence of a thermal mantle plume. A similar depression on the 410-km discontinuity is found underneath the Tarim basin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12....5K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12....5K"><span>Crustal block structure by GPS data using neural network in the Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kostuk, A.; Carmenate, D.</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>For over ten years regular GPS measurements have been carried out by Research Station RAS in the Central Asia. The results of these measurements have not only proved the conclusion that the Earth's crust meridional compression equals in total about 17 mm/year from the Tarim massif to the Kazakh shield, but have also allowed estimating deformation behavior in the region. As is known, deformation behavior of continental crust is an actively discussed issue. On the one hand, the Earth's crust is presented as a set of microplates (blocks) and deformation here is a result of shifting along the blocks boundaries, on the other hand, lithospheric deformation is distributed by volume and meets the rheological model of nonlinear viscous fluid. This work represents an attempt to detect the block structure of the surface of the Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan using GPS velocity fields. As a significant difference from analogous works, appears the vector field clustering with the help of neural network used as a classifier by many criteria that allows dividing input space into areas and using of all three components of GPS velocity. In this case, we use such a feature of neural networks as self-organization. Among the mechanisms of self-organization there are two main classes: self-organization based on the Hebb associative rule and the mechanism of neuronal competition based on the generalized Kohonen rule. In this case, we use an approach of self-organizing networks in which we take neuronal competition as an algorithm for their training. As a rule, these are single-layer networks where each neuron is connected to all components of m-dimensional input vector. GPS vectors of the Central Asian velocity field located within the territory of the Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan were used as input patterns. Measurements at GPS sites were fulfilled in 36 hour-long sessions by double-frequency receivers Trimble and Topcon. In so doing, measurement discreteness equaled 30 seconds; the data were processed by</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T41C1580O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T41C1580O"><span>Three-dimensional structure of the crust in the central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and implications for the geodynamic process of continental mountain building</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Omuralieva, A.; Nakajima, J.; Hasegawa, A.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Applying a tomographic method to arrival-time data from shallow local earthquakes registered by Kyrgyz seismic NETwork (KNET), the three-dimensional (3D) velocity structure of the crust beneath Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan has been studied. Kyrgyzstan occupies western and central parts of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan and northern Pamir which are prominent consequences of India-Asia Collision surrounded by relatively stable Kazakh shield, Tarim Basin and Turan plate. Accurate and precise tomographic imaging helps us to better understand dynamics of the mountain building, interaction of these tectonic blocks associated with simultaneous mountain building and crustal deformation processes in this complicated region. This study is the first attempt to investigate crustal structure of the Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan by means of relatively new data set. Study area is enclosed by 42.00-43.50N and 73.50-76.50E owing to dense station distribution and ray coverage. Arrival time data from ~1500 local earthquakes recorded by a broadband network KNET consisting of 10 stations located in the northern part of Kyrgyzstan during 1995-2005 have been used. We selected earthquakes as uniform as possible in the study area. Most of the earthquakes are located in a depth range of 10 and 20 km. The tomography method by Zhao et al. (JGR, 1992) has been used in this study. We set all layers of grid-net up to Moho discontinuity in the upper and lower crust with spacing 5 km and 10 km depths, respectively. The spacing between grid nodes is 0.3 degree (about 30 km) in horizontal direction. The total number of grid nodes is ~400. The 3-D structure of the upper crust reveals thick sediments within each of the major depression in the region bounded by high-V zone that are believed to be basement. The study area is characterized by an alternation of high-V and low-V layers beneath ranges and basins. The tomographic results exhibit considerable amount of crustal heterogeneities, which confirms the tectonic complexities of the study</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C52A..05B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C52A..05B"><span>Evolution of rock glaciers in <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, Central Asia, 1971 - 2016 using high-resolution stereo satellite imagery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bolch, T.; Strel, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The reactions of glaciers to climate change are relatively well known and numerous remote sensing and modelling studies exist. Also debris-covered glaciers are meanwhile relatively well investigated. However, rock glaciers react differently but respective studies are less frequent despite the fact that they also occur in many mountain ranges and can be of significance in relation to hydrology, geomorphology and hazards. Rock glaciers are abundant in <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and rock glaciers with areas larger 1 km² are common. However, investigating rock glaciers by remote sensing is difficult because their topographical changes are of lower magnitude and less evident than the changes of glaciers. Hence, high resolution imagery and digital terrain models (DTMs) are needed to study these periglacial landforms. We used 1971 Corona KH-4B (resolution 2m), 2012 GeoEye (0.5m) and 2016 Pléiades (0.5m) stereo images to map and investigate the velocity and surface elevation changes of the rock glaciers in the central part of Ile Alatau (Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan) in Kazakhstan. DTMs with a resolution of 5 m were generated and subsequently co-registered. Surface displacements were calculated by feature tracking. Overall we identified almost 50 active rock glaciers covering an area of about 18km², which is more than 40% of the glacier cover of the year 2016 in the investigated valleys. Moraine-type rock glaciers are more common than talus-type rock glaciers. The average surface velocity of the rock glaciers was 0.44 ± 0.30 m a-1 with rates of up to 2m a-1. On average the rock glaciers showed only a slight insignificant surface lowering of 0.04 m a-1 for the period 1971-2012 and of 0.06 m a-1 for 2012-2016. Most of the investigated rock glaciers showed similar distinct patters of change: A surface elevation gain at their fronts indicating an advance, a significant lowering in the upper probably glacier affected parts of the rock glaciers and areas of elevation gain and lowering in between</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Tectp.426..335V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Tectp.426..335V"><span>Late orogenic, large-scale rotations in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and adjacent mobile belts in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Van der Voo, Rob; Levashova, Natalia M.; Skrinnik, Ludmila I.; Kara, Taras V.; Bazhenov, Mikhail L.</p> <p>2006-11-01</p> <p>Most of Kazakhstan belongs to the central part of the Eurasian Paleozoic mobile belts for which previously proposed tectonic scenarios have been rather disparate. Of particular interest is the origin of strongly curved Middle and Late Paleozoic volcanic belts of island-arc and Andean-arc affinities that dominate the structure of Kazakhstan. We undertook a paleomagnetic study of Carboniferous to Upper Permian volcanics and sediments from several localities in the Ili River basin between the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and the Junggar-Alatau ranges in southeast Kazakhstan. Our main goal was to investigate the Permian kinematic evolution of these belts, particularly in terms of rotations about vertical axes, in the hope of deciphering the dynamics that played a role during the latest Paleozoic deformation in this area. This deformation, in turn, can then be related to the amalgamation of this area with Baltica, Siberia, and Tarim in the expanding Eurasian supercontinent. Thermal demagnetization revealed that most Permian rocks retained a pretilting and likely primary component, which is of reversed polarity at three localities and normal at the fourth. In contrast, most Carboniferous rocks are dominated by postfolding reversed overprints of probably "mid-Permian" age, whereas presumably primary components are isolated from a few sites at two localities. Mean inclinations of primary components generally agree with coeval reference values extrapolated from Baltica, whereas declinations from primary as well as secondary components are deflected counterclockwise (ccw) by up to ˜ 90°. Such ccw rotated directions have previously also been observed in other <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan sampling areas and in the adjacent Tarim Block to the south. However, two other areas in Kazakhstan show clockwise (cw) rotations of Permian magnetization directions. One area is located in the Kendyktas block about 300 km to the west of the Ili River valley, and the other is found in the Chingiz Range, to the north of Lake</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T22B..05B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.T22B..05B"><span>Episodic Aggradation and Asynchronous Incision of River Terraces in the Kyrgyz <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burgette, R. J.; Weldon, R. J.; Abdkrakhmatov, K. Y.; Ormukov, C.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Sequences of terraces and alluvial fans with characteristic geomorphic expression lie above or at the mouth of rivers in all of the major basins in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan. The similarity of terraces and fans in different drainage basins, despite being bounded by faults of varying activity and style, has been used to argue for synchronous regional climatic variations controlling the timing of aggradation and incision. Our emerging set of radiocarbon dates (currently 24) from terrace deposits and overlying sediments suggest that despite the general regional synchroneity of a late Pleistocene terrace-forming event, deep incision below broad aggradational surfaces may be locally controlled and occurred over time spans up to 30 k.y. The most prominent intra-canyon terrace is known as QIII(2) in the characteristic sequence of <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan terraces. QIII(2) is a fill terrace everywhere except for the hanging walls of the most active thrust faults in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, where it has a strath terrace morphology. In many places the base of the QIII(2) fill is not visible even at the level of the modern river. Five dates in the fill from the Ak-Terek and Tong Rivers in the Issyk-Kul basin and Kajerty River in the Naryn basin are all >40 Ka, and may be beyond the limit of radiocarbon. The Issyk-Kul basin is occupied by a large lake, which provides additional dating possibilities, while potentially complicating the geomorphic system. In Issyk-Kul dates from sediment overlying the QIII(2) gravel in thick colluvial wedges far from the edge of the riser to lower terraces along the Ak-Terek and Tamga rivers show that at least the highest level of the fill was abandoned by 33-30 Ka. However, the downstream reaches of Issyk- Kul rivers' QIII(2) surfaces clearly remained active through a high stand of the lake that persisted from 38 to 20 Ka. Remnants of terraces with steeper gradients that merge upstream with surfaces inset only a few m into the main QIII(2) post-date the high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Geomo.269...75Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Geomo.269...75Z"><span>Reconstruction of glacial lake outburst floods in northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan: Implications for hazard assessment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zaginaev, V.; Ballesteros-Cánovas, J. A.; Erokhin, S.; Matov, E.; Petrakov, D.; Stoffel, M.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and related debris flows are among the most significant natural threats in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan and have even caused the loss of life and damage to infrastructure in its capital Bishkek. An improved understanding of the occurrence of this process is essential so as to be able to design reliable disaster risk reduction strategies, even more so in view of ongoing climate change and scenarios of future evolutions. Here, we apply a dendrogeomorphic approach to reconstruct past debris-flow activity on the Aksay cone (Ala-Archa valley, Kyrgyz range), where outbursting glacier lakes and intense rainfalls have triggered huge debris flows over the past decades. A total of 96 Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees growing on the cone and along the main channel have been selected based on the evidence of past debris-flow damage in their trunks; these trees were then sampled using increment borers. The dating of past events was based on the assessment of growth disturbances (GD) in the tree-ring records and included the detection of injuries, tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts, reaction wood, and abrupt growth changes. In total, 320 GD were identified in the tree-ring samples. In combination with aerial imagery and geomorphic recognition in the field, reactions in trees and their position on the cone have allowed reconstruction of the main spatial patterns of past events on the Aksay cone. Our findings suggest that at least 27 debris flows have occurred on the site between 1877 and 2015 and point to the occurrence of at least 17 events that were not documented prior to this study. We also observe high process activity during the 1950s and 1960s, with major events on the cone in 1950, 1966, and 1968, coinciding with phases of slight glacier advance. The spatial analyses of events also point to two different spatial patterns, suggesting that quite dissimilar magnitudes probably occurred during glacier lake outburst floods and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002232','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002232"><span>New Petrology, Mineral Chemistry and Stable MG Isotope Compositions of an Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: EK-459-7-2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jeffcoat, C. R.; Kerekgyarto, A. G.; Lapen, T. J.; Righter, M.; Simon, J. I.; Ross, D. K.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are the key to understanding physical and chemical conditions in the nascent solar nebula. These inclusions have the oldest radiometric ages of solar system materials and are composed of phases that are predicted to condense early from a gas of solar composition. Thus, their chemistry and textures record conditions and processes in the earliest stages of development of the solar nebula. Type B inclusions are typically larger and more coarse grained than other types with substantial evidence that many of them were at least partially molten. Type B inclusions are further subdivided into Type B1 (possess thick melilite mantle) and Type B2 (lack melilite mantle). Despite being extensively studied, the origin of the melilite mantles of Type B1 inclusions remains uncertain. We present petrologic and chemical data for a Type B inclusion, EK-459-7-2, that bears features found in both Type B1 and B2 inclusions and likely represents an intermediate between the two types. Detailed studies of more of these intermediate objects may help to constrain models for Type B1 rim formation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950012911&hterms=Mg+Ca&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMg%2BCa','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950012911&hterms=Mg+Ca&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMg%2BCa"><span>Heating during solar nebula formation and Mg isotopic fractionation in precursor grains of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sasaki, S.; Nagahara, H.; Kitagami, K.; Nakagawa, Y.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>In some Ca-Al-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) grains, mass-dependent isotopic fractionations of Mg, Si, and O are observed and large Mg isotopic fractionation is interpreted to have been produced by cosmochemical processes such as evaporation and condensation. Mass-dependent Mg isotopic fractionation was found in olivine chondrules of Allende meteorites. Presented is an approximate formula for the temperature of the solar nebula that depends on heliocentric distance and the initial gas distribution. Shock heating during solar nebula formation can cause evaporative fractionation within interstellar grains involved in a gas at the inner zone (a less than 3 AU) of the disk. Alternatively collision of late-accreting gas blobs might cause similar heating if Sigma(sub s) and Sigma are large enough. Since the grain size is small, the solid/gas mass ratio is low and solar (low P(sub O2)), and the ambient gas pressure is low, this heating event could not produce chondrules themselves. Chondrule formation should proceed around the disk midplane after dust grains would grow and sediment to increase the solid/gas ratio there. The heating source there is uncertain, but transient rapid accretion through the disk could release a large amount of heat, which would be observed as FU Orionis events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRB..121.3888L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRB..121.3888L"><span>Repeated large-magnitude earthquakes in a tectonically active, low-strain continental interior: The northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, Kyrgyzstan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Landgraf, A.; Dzhumabaeva, A.; Abdrakhmatov, K. E.; Strecker, M. R.; Macaulay, E. A.; Arrowsmith, Jr.; Sudhaus, H.; Preusser, F.; Rugel, G.; Merchel, S.</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan has been affected by a series of major earthquakes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To assess the significance of such a pulse of strain release in a continental interior, it is important to analyze and quantify strain release over multiple time scales. We have undertaken paleoseismological investigations at two geomorphically distinct sites (Panfilovkoe and Rot Front) near the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek. Although located near the historic epicenters, both sites were not affected by these earthquakes. Trenching was accompanied by dating stratigraphy and offset surfaces using luminescence, radiocarbon, and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide methods. At Rot Front, trenching of a small scarp did not reveal evidence for surface rupture during the last 5000 years. The scarp rather resembles an extensive debris-flow lobe. At Panfilovkoe, we estimate a Late Pleistocene minimum slip rate of 0.2 ± 0.1 mm/a, averaged over at least two, probably three earthquake cycles. Dip-slip reverse motion along segmented, moderately steep faults resulted in hanging wall collapse scarps during different events. The most recent earthquake occurred around 3.6 ± 1.3 kyr ago (1σ), with dip-slip offsets between 1.2 and 1.4 m. We calculate a probabilistic paleomagnitude to be between 6.7 and 7.2, which is in agreement with regional data from the Kyrgyz range. The morphotectonic signals in the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan are a prime example of deformation in a tectonically active intracontinental mountain belt and as such can help understand the longer-term coevolution of topography and seismogenic processes in similar structural settings worldwide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785432"><span>Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from pao <span class="hlt">cai</span>, a Chinese traditional fermented vegetable, with inhibitory activity against Salmonella associated with fresh-cut apple, using a modelling study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, W; Chen, M; Chen, A; Dong, W; Hou, X; Pu, B</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>To isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from pao <span class="hlt">cai</span>, a Chinese traditional fermented vegetable, with outstanding inhibitory activity against Salmonella inoculated on fresh-cut apple, using a modelling method. Four kinds of pao <span class="hlt">cai</span> were selected. A total of 122 isolates exhibited typical LAB characteristics: Gram-positive and catalase negative, among which 104 (85·24%) colonies showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella by the well diffusion assay. Four colonies showing maximum antibacterial radius against Salmonella were selected to co-inoculate with Salmonella on fresh-cut apple and stored at 10°C, further identified as three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and one strain of Lactobacillus brevis by 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis. The modified Gompertz model was employed to analyse the growth of the micro-organisms on apple wedges. Two of the four selected strains showed antagonistic activity against Salmonella on fresh-cut apple, one of which, RD1, exhibited best inhibitory activity (Salmonella were greatly inhibited when co-inoculated with RD1 at 10°C at 168 h). No deterioration in odour or appearance of the apple piece was observed by the triangle test when fresh-cut apple was inoculated with RD1. The mathematical modelling method is essential to select LAB with outstanding inhibitory activity against Salmonella associated with fresh-cut apple. LAB RD1 holds promise for the preservation of fresh-cut apple. This study provided a new method on fresh-cut product preservation. Besides, to make the LAB isolating procedure a more correct one, this study first added the mathematical modelling method to the isolating procedure. © 2014 The Society for Applied Microbiology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20799645','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20799645"><span>[Termites (Isoptera) in forest ecosystems of Cat <span class="hlt">Tien</span> National Park (Southern Vietnam)].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Beliaeva, N V; Tiunov, A V</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The species composition and termite community populations were studied and the total land termites biomass was estimated in five forest habitats of Cat <span class="hlt">Tien</span> National Park, Southern Vietnam. Twenty-four species of two families, Rhinotermitidae (1 species) and Termitidae (23 species), the predominant representatives of the subfamily Macrotermitinae, were found in mounds and in soil samples. On the test plots the density of termite mounds averaged 68 per hectare, primarily the mounds of three Macrotermes species. Destructive sampling allowed estimation of the caste composition and total community biomass based on six termite mounds of the prevailing species (Globitermes sulphureus, Microcerotermes burmanicus, Macrotermes carbonarius, M. gilvus, M. malaccensis, and Hypotermes obscuriceps). The total number of termites in the nests ranged from 65 000 to 3 150 000 individuals with the total biomass ranging from 185 to 2440 g live weight. The total abundance of nesting Macrotermes species alone could conservatively be estimated as 2.5 million individuals and 20.5 kg live weight per hectare. The number of soil- and litter-feeding termites averaged for the test plots was estimated at about 60 ind./m2. Four species dominating on the test plots (M. carbonarius, M. gilvus, M. malaccensis, and H. obscuriceps) belong to active tree litter feeders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GPC...128....1P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GPC...128....1P"><span>Region-wide glacier mass budgets and area changes for the Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan between ~ 1975 and 1999 using Hexagon KH-9 imagery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pieczonka, Tino; Bolch, Tobias</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>The meltwater released by the glaciers in the Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan feeds in particular the Tarim River which is the main artery for the oases at the northern margin of the Taklamakan desert. The correct assessment of the contribution of the glaciers' meltwater to the total runoff is hampered by the lack of long-term measurements of glacier mass budgets. Digital terrain models (DTMs) for the different regions in the Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan were generated based on ~ 1975 KH-9 Hexagon imagery and compared to the SRTM3 DTM acquired in February 2000. Moreover, glacier area changes for the period ~ 1975-2008 have been measured by means of multi-temporal optical satellite imagery. The geodetic mass budget estimates for a glacierized area of 5000 km2 revealed increasing mass loss east to west and from the inner to the outer ranges. Highest mass loss accompanied by the most pronounced glacier retreat was found for the Ak-Shirak massif with a region-wide mass balance of - 0.51 ± 0.36 m w.e. a- 1 and a rate of area change of - 0.27 ± 0.15% a- 1, whilst moderate mass loss was observed for the Inylchek (0.20 ± 0.44 m w.e. a- 1) and Tomur area (0.33 ± 0.30 m w.e. a- 1) despite partly debris cover. These latter regions also revealed the lowest glacier shrinkage within the entire Central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. The total glacier mass loss of 0.35 ± 0.34 m w.e. a- 1 is, however, within the global average whilst the glacier area shrinkage is comparatively low. On average, the investigated glacierized area of ~ 6600 km2 shrank by 0.11 ± 0.15% a- 1 only. We could also identify several surge-type glaciers. The results are consistent with in-situ mass balance measurements for Karabatkak Glacier and previously published results of the Ak-Shirak range proving the suitability of declassified imagery for glacier change investigations. The contribution to the runoff of Aksu River, the largest tributary of the Tarim River, due to glacier imbalance has been determined at ~ 20% for the 1975-2000 period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NHESS...3..135H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NHESS...3..135H"><span>Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Havenith, H.-B.; Strom, A.; Jongmans, D.; Abdrakhmatov, A.; Delvaux, D.; Tréfois, P.</p> <p></p> <p>Landslides triggered by strong earthquakes often caused most of the global damage and most of all casualties related to the events, such as shown by the M = 7.7 Peru earthquake in 1970, by the M = 7.6 El Salvador earthquake in 2001 or by the M = 7.4 Khait (Tajikistan) earthquake in 1949. The obvious impact of a landslide on the population is directly related to its movement. Yet, prediction of future failure potential and hence future risk to population is necessary in order to avoid further catastrophes and involves the analyses of the origin of seismic instability. The seismic landslide potential is mainly determined by the interaction between the regional seismic hazard and local geological conditions. At a local scale, seismic factors interfering with geological conditions can produce site-specific ground motions. The influence of such Site Effects on instability is the principal topic of this paper, which is divided into two parts, A and B. The present Part A is concerned with the correlation of field data with observed instability phenomena. Field data were obtained on mainly three landslide sites in the Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Geophysical prospecting, earthquake recordings, geological observation, trenching and geotechnical tests were the main investigation tools. The collected information gives an insight in the geological background of the slope failure and allows us to roughly infer failure mechanisms from field evidence. A detailed analysis of the susceptibility of a mechanism to specific geological conditions will be shown in Part B.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362432"><span>A method for evaluating competency in assessment and management of suicide risk.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hung, Erick K; Binder, Renée L; Fordwood, Samantha R; Hall, Stephen E; Cramer, Robert J; McNiel, Dale E</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Although health professionals increasingly are expected to be able to assess and manage patients' risk for suicide, few methods are available to evaluate this competency. This report describes development of a competency-assessment instrument for suicide risk-assessment (<span class="hlt">CAI-S</span>), and evaluates its use in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The authors developed the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> on the basis of the literature on suicide risk-assessment and management, and consultation with faculty focus groups from three sites in a large academic psychiatry department. The <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> structures faculty ratings regarding interviewing and data collection, case formulation and presentation, treatment-planning, and documentation. To evaluate the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span>, 31 faculty members used it to rate the performance of 31 learners (26 psychiatric residents and 5 clinical psychology interns) who participated in an OSCE. After interviewing a standardized patient, learners presented their risk-assessment findings and treatment plans. Faculty used the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> to structure feedback to the learners. In a subsidiary study of interrater reliability, six faculty members rated video-recorded suicide risk-assessments. The <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> showed good internal consistency, reliability, and interrater reliability. Concurrent validity was supported by the finding that <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> ratings were higher for senior learners than junior learners, and were higher for learners with more clinical experience with suicidal patients than learners with less clinical experience. Faculty and learners rated the method as helpful for structuring feedback and supervision. The findings support the usefulness of the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> for evaluating competency in suicide risk-assessment and management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710743B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710743B"><span>Geomorphology and Ice Content of Glacier - Rock Glacier &ndash; Moraine Complexes in Ak-Shiirak Range (Inner <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, Kyrgyzstan)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bolch, Tobias; Kutuzov, Stanislav; Rohrbach, Nico; Fischer, Andrea; Osmonov, Azamat</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Meltwater originating from the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is of high importance for the runoff to the arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia. Previous studies estimate a glaciers' contribution of about 40% for the Aksu-Tarim Catchment, a transboundary watershed between Kyrgyzstan and China. Large parts of the Ak-Shiirak Range drain into this watershed. Glaciers in Central and Inner <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan are typically polythermal or even cold and surrounded by permafrost. Several glaciers terminate into large moraine complexes which show geomorphological indicators of ice content such as thermo-karst like depressions, and further downvalley signs of creep such as ridges and furrows and a fresh, steep rock front which are typical indicators for permafrost creep ("rock glacier"). Hence, glaciers and permafrost co-exist in this region and their interactions are important to consider, e.g. for the understanding of glacial and periglacial processes. It can also be assumed that the ice stored in these relatively large dead-ice/moraine-complexes is a significant amount of the total ice storage. However, no detailed investigations exist so far. In an initial study, we investigated the structure and ice content of two typical glacier-moraine complexes in the Ak-Shiirak-Range using different ground penetrating radar (GPR) devices. In addition, the geomorphology was mapped using high resolution satellite imagery. The structure of the moraine-rock glacier complex is in general heterogeneous. Several dead ice bodies with different thicknesses and moraine-derived rock glaciers with different stages of activities could be identified. Few parts of these "rock glaciers" contain also massive ice but the largest parts are likely characterised by rock-ice layers of different thickness and ice contents. In one glacier forefield, the thickness of the rock-ice mixture is partly more than 300 m. This is only slightly lower than the maximum thickness of the glacier ice. Our measurements revealed that up to 20% of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22CPU%22&pg=3&id=ED022687','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22CPU%22&pg=3&id=ED022687"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction Guide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Entelek, Inc., Newburyport, MA.</p> <p></p> <p>Provided is a compilation of abstracts of currently available computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) programs. The guide contains the specifications of all operational <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs that have come under the surveillance of ENTELEK's <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Information Exchange since its establishment in 1965. A total of 226 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs by 160 authors at 38 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> centers…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17116770','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17116770"><span>Intracellular calcium and vulnerability to fibrillation and defibrillation in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hwang, Gyo-Seung; Hayashi, Hideki; Tang, Liang; Ogawa, Masahiro; Hernandez, Heidy; Tan, Alex Y; Li, Hongmei; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S; Weiss, James N; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2006-12-12</p> <p>The role of intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)) in defibrillation and vulnerability is unclear. We simultaneously mapped epicardial membrane potential and <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) during shock on T-wave episodes (n=104) and attempted defibrillation episodes (n=173) in 17 Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. Unsuccessful and type B successful defibrillation shocks were followed by heterogeneous distribution of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>), including regions of low <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) surrounded by elevated <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) ("<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkholes") 31+/-12 ms after shock. The first postshock activation then originated from the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole 53+/-14 ms after the shock. No sinkholes were present in type A successful defibrillation. A <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole also was present 39+/-32 ms after a shock on T that induced ventricular fibrillation, followed 22+/-15 ms later by propagated wave fronts that arose from the same site. This wave propagated to form a spiral wave and initiated ventricular fibrillation. Thapsigargin and ryanodine significantly decreased the upper limit of vulnerability and defibrillation threshold. We studied an additional 7 rabbits after left ventricular endocardial cryoablation, resulting in a thin layer of surviving epicardium. <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkholes occurred 31+/-12 ms after the shock, followed in 19+/-7 ms by first postshock activation in 63 episodes of unsuccessful defibrillation. At the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole, the rise of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) preceded the rise of epicardial membrane potential in 5 episodes. There is a heterogeneous postshock distribution of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>). The first postshock activation always occurs from a <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole. The <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) prefluorescence at the first postshock early site suggests that reverse excitation-contraction coupling might be responsible for the initiation of postshock activations that lead to ventricular fibrillation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040199701&hterms=alkaline+acid+ph&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dalkaline%2Bacid%2Bph','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040199701&hterms=alkaline+acid+ph&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dalkaline%2Bacid%2Bph"><span>Cytoplasmic pH influences cytoplasmic calcium in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lin, H. S.; Hughes-Fulford, M.; Kumegawa, M.; Pitts, A. C.; Snowdowne, K. W.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>We found that the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was influenced by the type of pH buffer we used in the perfusing medium, suggesting that intracellular pH (pHi) might influence <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. To study this effect, the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> and pHi were monitored as we applied various experimental conditions known to change pHi. Exposure to NH4Cl caused a transient increase in both pHi and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> without a change in extracellular pH (pHo). Decreasing pHo and pHi by lowering the bicarbonate concentration of the medium decreased <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, and increasing pHi by the removal of 5% CO2 increased <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. Clamping pHi to known values with 10 microM nigericin, a potassium proton ionophore, also influenced <span class="hlt">Cai</span>: acid pHi lowered <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, whereas alkaline pHi increased it. The rise in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> appears to be very sensitive to the extracellular concentration of calcium, suggesting the existence of a pH-sensitive calcium influx mechanism. We conclude that physiologic changes in pH could modulate <span class="hlt">Cai</span> by controlling the influx of calcium ions and could change the time course of the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transient associated with hormonal activation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598968','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598968"><span>Exclusion of androgen insensitivity syndrome in girls with inguinal hernias: current surgical practice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Burge, D M; Sugarman, I S</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>To review the current approach of paediatric surgeons to the exclusion of androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) in girls with inguinal hernias (IH), a questionnaire was sent to all specialist paediatric surgeons in the United Kingdom and Ireland asking if they exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, how they exclude it, and what they say to parents preoperatively. In all, 32 surgeons responded (29%); 41% made no attempt to exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> because they thought the incidence was too low to justify exclusion; 19(59%) excluded <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> at the time of surgery by assessment of the internal genitalia. Only 1 performed karyotyping primarily, and then only for bilateral IH. Although most would proceed to karyotyping if the primary assessment suggested <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, some would not. Of those who exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, only 1 mentions <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> preoperatively, 6 others mention gonadal inspection, and 12/19 (63%) make no comment. Thirty-one surgeons agreed to take part in a prospective study to define the incidence of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> in girls with IH. It is concluded that surgeons who exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> in girls with IH adopt different assessment methods, some of which may be unreliable. However, many do not attempt to exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, believing the incidence to be too low. As the health and medicolegal consequences of failing to exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> may be considerable, surgeons should consider changing their practice. A prospective study should be undertaken to determine the incidence of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> in girls with IH.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2573049','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2573049"><span>Superiority of Biphasic Over Monophasic Defibrillation Shocks is Attributable to Less Intracellular Calcium Transient Heterogeneity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hwang, Gyo-Seung; Tang, Liang; Joung, Boyoung; Morita, Norishige; Hayashi, Hideki; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S.; Weiss, James N.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Objectives To test the hypothesis that superiority of biphasic waveform (BW) over monophasic waveform (MW) defibrillation shocks is attributable to less intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) transient heterogeneity. Background The mechanism by which BW shocks have a higher defibrillation efficacy than MW shocks remains unclear. Methods We simultaneously mapped epicardial membrane potential (Vm) and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> during 6 ms MW and 3/3 ms BW shocks in 19 Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. After shock, the percentage of depolarized area was plotted over time. The maximum (peak) postshock values (VmP and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P, respectively) were used to measure heterogeneity. Higher VmP and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P imply less heterogeneity. Results The defibrillation threshold was for BW and MW shocks were 288±99 V and 399±155 V, respectively (p=0.0005). Successful BW shocks had higher VmP (88±9 %) and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P (70±13 %) than unsuccessful MW shocks (VmP 76 %±10, p<0.001; <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P, 57±8 %, p<0.001) of the same shock strength. In contrast, for unsuccessful BW and MW shocks of the same shock strengths, the VmP and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P were not significantly different. MW shocks more frequently created regions of low <span class="hlt">Cai</span> surrounded by regions of high <span class="hlt">Cai</span> (postshock <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkholes). The defibrillation threshold for MW and BW shocks became similar after disabling the sarcoplasmic reticulum with thapsigargin and ryanodine. Conclusions The greater efficacy of BW shocks is directly related to their less heterogeneous effects on shock-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca release and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transients. Less heterogeneous <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transients reduces the probability of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole formation, thereby preventing the postshock reinitiation of VF. PMID:18755345</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838571','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838571"><span>Self-regulation by industry of food marketing is having little impact during children's preferred television.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Potvin Kent, Monique; Dubois, Lise; Wanless, Alissa</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>To examine the efficacy of self-regulation of food marketing to children by comparing, during children's preferred viewing on television, the differences in food/beverage marketing between two groups of corporations: 17 corporations participating in the Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and 35 corporations not participating (non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in this initiative. The food/beverage marketing activities of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> corporations during 99.5 hours of children's preferred viewing on television were compared. First, the preferred television viewing of 272 children aged 10-12 years from Ontario and Quebec who completed TV viewing journals for a seven-day period was determined. A total of 32 television stations were simultaneously recorded, and a content analysis of children's preferred viewing was conducted and included coding all food/beverage promotions and their nutritional content. Each food/beverage promotion was classified by corporation type (i.e., <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was responsible for significantly more food/beverage promotions, and used media characters and repetition more frequently in their food/beverage promotions than the non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Nutritionally, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> food/beverage promotions were higher in fats, sugar, sodium and energy per 100 grams. A significantly greater proportion of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> food/beverage promotions were considered 'less healthy' compared to the non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> promotions. With the exception of the four corporations that did not market to children at all, the commitments that have been made in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are not having a significant impact on the food and beverage marketing environment on television which is viewed by 10-12-year-olds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007M%26PS...42.1221F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007M%26PS...42.1221F"><span>Al-Mg isotopic evidence for episodic alteration of Ca-Al-rich inclusions from Allende</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fagan, T. J.; Guan, Y.; MacPherson, G. J.</p> <p>2007-08-01</p> <p>Textures, mineral assemblages, and Al-Mg isotope systematics indicate a protracted, episodic secondary mineralization history for Allende Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). Detailed observations from one type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, one B2, one compact type A (CTA), and one fluffy type A (FTA) indicate that these diverse types of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are characterized by two distinct textural and mineralogic types of secondary mineralization: (1) grossular-rich domains, concentrated along melilite grain boundaries in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> interiors, and (2) feldspathoid-bearing domains, confined mostly to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> margins just interior to the Wark-Lovering rim sequence. The Al-Mg isotopic compositions of most secondary minerals in the type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and some secondary minerals in the other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, show no resolvable excesses of 26Mg, whereas the primary <span class="hlt">CAI</span> phases mostly yield correlated excesses of 26Mg with increasing Al/Mg corresponding to "canonical" initial 26Al/27Al ˜ 4.5-5 × 10-5. These secondary minerals formed at least 3 Ma after the primary <span class="hlt">CAI</span> minerals. All but two analyses of secondary minerals from the fluffy type-A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> define a correlated increase in 26Mg/24Mg with increasing Al/Mg, yielding (26Al/27Al)0 = (4.9 ± 2.8) × 10-6. The secondary minerals in this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formed 1.8-3.2 Ma after the primary <span class="hlt">CAI</span> minerals. In both cases, the timing of secondary alteration is consistent with, but does not necessarily require, alteration in an asteroidal setting. One grossular from the type B2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and several grossular and secondary feldspar analyses from the compact type A <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, have excesses of 26Mg consistent with initial 26Al/27Al ˜ 4.5 × 10-5. Especially in the compact type A <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, where 26Mg/24Mg in grossular correlates with increasing Al/Mg, these 26Mg excesses are almost certainly due to in situ decay of 26Al. They indicate a nebular setting for formation of the grossular. The preservation of these diverse isotopic patterns indicates that heating on the Allende parent body was not pervasive enough to reset isotopic</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20513621','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20513621"><span>A 'college of astrology and medicine'? Charles V, Gervais Chré<span class="hlt">tien</span>, and the scientific manuscripts of Maître Gervais's College.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Boudet, Jean-Patrice</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>Considered an institution mainly devoted to astrology and medicine by Simon de Phares and by some historians who believe that he was reliable, the college founded in 1371 by Charles V's first physician, Gervais Chré<span class="hlt">tien</span>, was in fact primarily dedicated to theological students. It was not before 1377 that there were created there two bursaries for scholares regis, specialising in 'licit mathematical sciences', and two medical fellowships. Yet the influence of the activity of these fellows seems to have been rather moderate and-as far as we can learn from the material still extant, notably from manuscripts that belonged to Maître Gervais' College and to some of its members-this institution was devoted much more to theological studies than to medicine and the quadrivium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA016613','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA016613"><span>Intelligent <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1975-10-01</p> <p>MANAOS SAO PAULO AND LIMA* »ääS»«SS8 rÄS^’sSi&.-ja sa."»«- RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL IT IS ON GUANABARA BAY AND THE ATLANTIC...Administration, or Environmental Protection Agency. Other options that will give you greater selectivity are available on request. The cost o5 SRIM s...concentrating on one aspect at a time. Based on our analyses, we propose in this paper several hypotheses about how the tutor relates his teaching to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313763','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313763"><span>Sexual violence and the risk of HIV transmission in sexual partners of male injecting drug users in <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Du district, Bac Ninh province of Vietnam.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Do, Vinh Thi; Ho, Hien Thi; Nguyen, Tri Manh; Do, Huynh Khac</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study among 148 women who were regular sexual partners of male injecting drug users in <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Du, Bac Ninh province, Vietnam to identify the rate of HIV infection and factors associated with HIV transmission among them. HIV infection rate among sexual partners was high, 11.5%. Sexual violence was prevalent, 63.5% among sexual partners; 94.1% (16/17) among those with HIV. We discovered an association between sexual violence and HIV infection. Sexual partners suffering from sexual violence caused by their regular sexual partners faced 9.24 times higher HIV risk than those who did not have sexual violence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27494057','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27494057"><span>Feedback and Feedforward Control During Walking in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yen, Sheng-Che; Corkery, Marie B; Donohoe, Amy; Grogan, Maddison; Wu, Yi-Ning</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Recurrent ankle sprains associated with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) occur not only in challenging sports but also in daily walking. Understanding whether and how <span class="hlt">CAI</span> alters feedback and feedforward controls during walking may be important for developing interventions for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> prevention or treatment. Objective To understand whether <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is associated with changes in feedback and feedforward control when individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are subjected to experimental perturbation during walking. Methods Twelve subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 12 control subjects walked on a treadmill while adapting to external loading that generated inversion perturbation at the ankle joint. Ankle kinematics around heel contact during and after the adaptation were compared between the 2 groups. Results Both healthy and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> groups showed an increase in eversion around heel contact in early adaptation to the external loading. However, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group adapted back toward the baseline, while the healthy controls showed further increase in eversion in late adaptation. When the external loading was removed in the postadaptation period, healthy controls showed an aftereffect consisting of an increase in eversion around heel contact, but the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group showed no aftereffect. Conclusion The results provide preliminary evidence that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may alter individuals' feedback and feedforward control during walking. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):775-783. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6403.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED095923.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED095923.pdf"><span>A Feasibility Study of Computer Assisted Instruction in US Army Basic Electronics Training. Final Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>International Business Machines Corp., Gaithersburg, MD. Federal Systems Div.</p> <p></p> <p>A study of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for US Army basic electronics training at the US Army Signal Center and School establishes the feasibility of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as a training technique. Three aspects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are considered: effectiveness, efficiency, and applicability of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to basic electronics training. The study explores the effectiveness of the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.228...62S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.228...62S"><span>Isotopic coherence of refractory inclusions from CV and CK meteorites: Evidence from multiple isotope systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shollenberger, Quinn R.; Borg, Lars E.; Render, Jan; Ebert, Samuel; Bischoff, Addi; Russell, Sara S.; Brennecka, Gregory A.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are the oldest dated materials in the Solar System and numerous previous studies have revealed nucleosynthetic anomalies relative to terrestrial rock standards in many isotopic systems. However, most of the isotopic data from <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> has been limited to the Allende meteorite and a handful of other CV3 chondrites. To better constrain the isotopic composition of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-forming region, we report the first Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm isotopic compositions of two <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> hosted in the CK3 desert meteorites NWA 4964 and NWA 6254 along with two <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the CV3 desert meteorites NWA 6619 and NWA 6991. After consideration of neutron capture processes and the effects of hot-desert weathering, the Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm stable isotopic compositions of the samples show clearly resolvable nucleosynthetic anomalies that are in agreement with previous results from Allende and other CV meteorites. The extent of neutron capture, as manifested by shifts in the observed 149Sm-150Sm isotopic composition of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is used to estimate the neutron fluence experienced by some of these samples and ranges from 8.40 × 1013 to 2.11 × 1015 n/cm2. Overall, regardless of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> type or host meteorite, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV and CK chondrites have similar nucleosynthetic anomalies within analytical uncertainty. We suggest the region that CV and CK <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed was largely uniform with respect to Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm isotopes when <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> condensed and that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> hosted in CV and CK meteorites are derived from the same isotopic reservoir.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16454913','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16454913"><span>Measurement of concrete strength using the emission intensity ratio between Ca(II) 396.8 nm and <span class="hlt">Ca(I</span>) 422.6 nm in a Nd:YAG laser-induced plasma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsuyuki, Kenichiro; Miura, Satoru; Idris, Nasrullah; Kurniawan, Koo Hendrik; Lie, Tjung Jie; Kagawa, Kiichiro</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>An experiment to investigate the potential of a laser-induced plasma method for determining concrete compressive strength was conducted by focusing a Nd:YAG laser on concrete samples with different degrees of compressive strength. This technique was developed in light of the role of the shock wave in the generation of a laser-induced plasma. It was found that the speed of the shock front depends on the hardness of the sample. It was also found that a positive relationship exists between the speed of the shock front and the ionization rate of the ablated atoms. Hence, the ratio of the intensity between the Ca(II) 396.8 nm and <span class="hlt">Ca(I</span>) 422.6 nm emission lines detected from the laser-induced plasma can be used to examine the hardness of the material. In fact, it was observed that the ratio changes with respect to the change in the concrete compressive strength. The findings also show that the ratio increases with time after the cement is mixed with water.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..155K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..155K"><span>High-temperature rims around calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from the CR, CB and CH carbonaceous chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; van Kooten, Elishevah M. M.; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We describe the mineralogy, petrology and oxygen isotopic compositions of high-temperature rims around mineralogically pristine calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from the CR, CB and CH carbonaceous chondrites. In CR chondrites, nearly all <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are surrounded by single- or multi-layered rims composed of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like minerals; relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> inside chondrules in which the rims were resorbed by the host chondrule melt (Aléon et al., 2002; Makide et al., 2009) are the only exception. A complete multi-layered rim sequence (from inside outward: spinel + hibonite + perovskite → melilite → anorthite replacing melilite → Al-diopside → forsterite) is rarely observed; Al-diopside ± forsterite rims are more common. The CR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and all rim layers are uniformly 16O-rich (Δ17O ∼-24‰), indicating formation in a 16O-rich gaseous reservoir. The mineralogy, petrology and 16O-rich compositions of these rims suggest formation by evaporation/condensation, melting (?), and thermal annealing in the formation region of the host <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. We define such rims as the primordial Wark-Lovering (WL) rims. In CH chondrites, most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are uniformly 16O-rich and surrounded by the primordial WL rims. One of the 16O-rich <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is surrounded by an anorthite-Al-diopside WL rim showing a range of Δ17O values, from ∼-24‰ to ∼-6‰; Δ17O decreases towards the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> core. We infer that this rim experienced incomplete melting and O-isotope exchange in an 16O-poor nebular gas, most likely during chondrule formation. Most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CB chondrites and about 10% of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CH chondrites are uniformly 16O-depleted igneous inclusions; Δ17O values between individual <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> vary from ∼-12‰ to ∼-5‰. These <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have diverse mineralogies (grossite-rich, hibonite-rich, melilite-rich, spinel-rich, and Al,Ti-diopside ± forsterite-rich), but are surrounded by the mineralogically similar igneous rims composed of ±melilite, Al-diopside and Ca-rich forsterite (0.5-1.4 wt% CaO). The igneous rims and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..185K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..185K"><span>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions recycled during formation of porphyritic chondrules from CH carbonaceous chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; van Kooten, Elishevah M. M.; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We report on the mineralogy, petrography, and O-isotope compositions of ∼60 Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) incompletely melted during formation of porphyritic chondrules from the CH metal-rich carbonaceous chondrites and Isheyevo (CH/CB). These include (i) relict polymineralic <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in porphyritic chondrules, (ii) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> surrounded by chondrule-like igneous rims, (iii) igneous pyroxene-rich and Type C-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, and (iv) plagioclase-rich chondrules with clusters of relict spinel grains. 26Al-26Mg systematics were measured in 10 relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and 11 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-bearing plagioclase-rich chondrules. Based on the mineralogy, the CH <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> incompletely melted during chondrule formation can be divided into grossite-rich (n = 13), hibonite-rich (n = 11), spinel ± melilite-rich (n = 33; these include plagioclase-rich chondrules with clusters of relict spinel grains) types. Mineralogical observations indicate that these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> were mixed with different proportions of ferromagnesian silicates and experienced incomplete melting and gas-melt interaction during chondrule formation. These processes resulted in partial or complete destruction of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Wark-Lovering rims, replacement of melilite by Na-bearing plagioclase, and dissolution and overgrowth of nearly end-member spinel by chromium- and iron-bearing spinel. Only two relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and two <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-bearing chondrules show resolvable excess of radiogenic 26Mg; the inferred initial 26Al/27Al ratios are (1.7 ± 1.3) × 10-6, (3.7 ± 3.1) × 10-7, (1.9 ± 0.9) × 10-6 and (4.9 ± 2.6) × 10-6. There is a large range of Δ17O among the CH <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> incompletely melted during chondrule formation, from ∼-37‰ to ∼-5‰; the unmelted minerals in individual <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, however, are isotopically uniform and systematically 16O-enriched relative to the host chondrules and chondrule-like igneous rims, which have Δ17O ranging from ∼-7‰ to ∼+4‰. Most of the CH <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> incompletely melted during chondrule formation are mineralogically and isotopically</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=learning+AND+styles+AND+medical+AND+education&pg=3&id=EJ858973','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=learning+AND+styles+AND+medical+AND+education&pg=3&id=EJ858973"><span>Evaluation of Computer-Aided Instruction in a Gross Anatomy Course: A Six-Year Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McNulty, John A.; Sonntag, Beth; Sinacore, James M.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Web-based computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) has become increasingly important to medical curricula. This multi-year study investigated the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the factors affecting level of individual use. Three <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were tested that differed in specificity of applicability to the curriculum and in the level of student interaction with the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bozeman&pg=3&id=ED260687','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bozeman&pg=3&id=ED260687"><span>Computer Assisted Instruction: A Review of the Reviews. Research Report 85-01.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stennett, R. G.</p> <p></p> <p>This review of the literature on computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) focuses on the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with grades K-13, and specifically assesses the relative merits of traditional instruction and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in promoting student achievement. Also assessed are the applications of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the area of special education. Three types of reviews are used exclusively:…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED524141.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED524141.pdf"><span>The Effect of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) on Student Achievement in Algebraic Expression</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Chien, Tsai Chen; Md. Yunus, Aida Suraya; Ali, Wan Zah Wan; Bakar, Ab. Rahim</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>In this experimental study, use of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) followed by use of an Intelligent Tutoring System (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>+ITS) was compared to the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span> only) in tutoring students on the topic of Algebraic Expression. Two groups of students participated in the study. One group of 32 students studied algebraic expression in a CAI…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MinPe.tmp...14P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MinPe.tmp...14P"><span>Conodont geothermometry in pyroclastic kimberlite: constraints on emplacement temperatures and cooling histories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pell, Jennifer; Russell, James K.; Zhang, Shunxin</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Kimberlite pipes from Chidliak, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada host surface-derived Paleozoic carbonate xenoliths containing conodonts. Conodonts are phosphatic marine microfossils that experience progressive, cumulative and irreversible colour changes upon heating that are experimentally calibrated as a conodont colour alteration index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values permit us to estimate the temperatures to which conodont-bearing rocks have been heated. Conodonts have been recovered from 118 samples from 89 carbonate xenoliths collected from 12 of the pipes and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values within individual carbonate xenoliths show four types of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> distributions: (1) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values that are uniform throughout the xenolith; (2) lower <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in core of a xenolith than the rim; (3) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that increase from one side of the xenolith to the other; and, (4) in one xenolith, higher <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the xenolith core than at the rim. We have used thermal models for post-emplacement conductive cooling of kimberlite pipes and synchronous heating of conodont-bearing xenoliths to establish the temperature-time history of individual xenoliths within the kimberlite bodies. Model results suggest that the time-spans for xenoliths to reach the peak temperatures recorded by <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> varies from hours for the smallest xenoliths to 2 or 3 years for the largest xenoliths. The thermal modelling shows the first three <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patterns to be consistent with in situ conductive heating of the xenoliths coupled to the cooling host kimberlite. The fourth pattern remains an anomaly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.489..179K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.489..179K"><span>Calcium and titanium isotopes in refractory inclusions from CM, CO, and CR chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kööp, Levke; Davis, Andrew M.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Simon, Steven B.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that CV and CM chondrites incorporated Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) with different isotopic characteristics, which may represent different snapshots in the isotopic evolution of the early Solar System. To better understand how the isotopic characteristics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> vary between different chondrite groups, we have studied calcium and titanium isotopes in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CM, CO, and CR chondrites. We show that all three chondrite groups contain <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with large anomalies in 48Ca and/or 50Ti (10s of ‰ or 100s of ε-units) as well as <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with no anomalies resolved beyond measurement uncertainties. Isotopically, the anomalous CO and CR chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> resemble the platy hibonite crystals (PLACs) from CM chondrites, but they are more mineralogically complex. The new data are consistent with the well-established mutual exclusivity relationship between incorporation of 26Al and the presence of large anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti. The two highly anomalous CO chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have correlated anomalies in 46Ti and 50Ti, while most other highly anomalous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> do not. This result could indicate that the reservoir with coupled 46Ti and 50Ti that was sampled by bulk meteorites and CV chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> already existed before arrival and/or homogeneous distribution of 26Al in the protoplanetary disk. Among the studied CM chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are ten spinel-hibonite inclusions (SHIBs) with known oxygen isotopic compositions. Our results show that these objects sampled a reservoir that was well-mixed in oxygen, calcium, and titanium isotopes. We further show that SHIBs tend to be slightly enriched in the heavy calcium isotopes, suggesting that their formation history was different from CV chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080014318','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080014318"><span>The Chronology of Asteroid Accretion, Differentiation, and Secondary Mineralization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nyquist, L. E.; Kleine, T.; Shih, C.-Y.; Reese, Y. D.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>We evaluate initial (Al-26/Al-27)(sub I), (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub I), (Hf-182/Hf-180)(sub I), and Pb-207/Pb-206 ages for igneous differentiated meteorites and chondrules from ordinary chondrites for consistency with radioactive decay of the parent nuclides within a common, closed isotopic system, i.e., the early solar nebula. We find that the relative abundances of Al-26, Mn-53, and Hf-182, here denoted by I(Al)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, I(Mn)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>), are consistent with decay from common initial values for the bulk solar system. I(Mn)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 9.1+/-1.7 x 10(exp -6) and 1.06+/-0.09 x 10(exp -6) respectively, correspond to the canonical value of I(Al)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 5.1 x 10(exp -5). I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) thus determined is consistent with I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 1.003+/-0.045 x 10(exp -6) directly determined in separate work. I(Mn)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is within error of the lowest value directly determined for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. We suggest that erratically higher values directly determined for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in carbonaceous chondrites reflect proton irradiation of unaccreted <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by the early Sun after other asteroids destined for melting by Al-26 decay had already accreted. The Mn-53 incorporated within such asteroids would have been shielded from further "local" spallogenic contributions. The relative abundances of the short-lived nuclides are less consistent with the Pb-207/Pb-206 ages of the corresponding materials with the best consistency being obtained between (Hf-182/Hf-180)(sub I) and Pb-207/Pb-206 ages of angrites. (Hf-182/Hf-180)(sub I) decreases with decreasing Pb-207/Pb-206 ages at the rate expected from the 8.90+/-0.09 Ma half-life of Hf-182. However, the model "<span class="hlt">CAI</span> age" thus determined, T(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>,Mn-W) = 4568.6+/-0.7 Ma, is older than the commonly accepted directly measured value T(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 4567.l+/-0.2 Ma. I(Al)(sub I), and (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub I) are less consistent with Pb-207/Pb-206 ages, but determine T(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, Mn-Cr) = 4568.3+/-0.5 Ma relative to I(AI)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>)= 5.1 x 10(exp -5</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT........85F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT........85F"><span>Effect of computer-aided instruction versus traditional modes on student PT's learning musculoskeletal special tests</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ford, Gregory Scott</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Title. Effect of computer-aided instruction versus traditional modes on student PT's learning musculoskeletal special tests. Problem. Lack of quantitative evidence to support the use of computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in PT education for both the cognitive and psychomotor domains and lack of qualitative support as to an understanding why <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may or may not be effective. Design. 3 group single-blind pre-test, immediate post-test, final post-test repeated measures with qualitative survey for the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Methods. Subjects were randomly assigned to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, live demonstration or textbook learning groups. Three novel special tests were instructed. Analysis of performance on written and practical examinations was conducted across the 3 repeated measures. A qualitative survey was completed by the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group post intervention. Results. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is equally as effective as live demonstration and textbook learning of musculoskeletal special tests in the cognitive domain, however, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was superior to live demonstration and textbook instruction at final post-testing. Significance. The significance of this research is that a gap in the literature of PT education needs to be bridged as it pertains to the effect of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on learning in both the cognitive and psychomotor domains as well as attempt to understand why <span class="hlt">CAI</span> results in certain student performance. The methods of this study allowed for a wide range of generalizability to any and all PT programs across the country.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.8053S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.8053S"><span>Tectonically controlled relief evolution in the Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and Junggar Alatau from the Eocene to the Present</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seib, N.; Kley, J.; Voigt, T.; Kober, M.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The Cenozoic <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan and Junggar Alatau mountains developed on the southern part of the Paleozoic Altaid orogen as a far-field effect of the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Highland terrain, active seismicity, and fast GPS-derived motions are evidence of rapid ongoing mountain growth today. Variations in relief energy, hight-to-width ratio of ranges and apatite fission track (AFT) exhumation ages suggest they rose at different times. The strong dissection of the higher ridges (heights of up to 2km), indicates an earlier onset and higher rates of uplift. At the other end of the spectrum are low, little dissected ridges. According to AFT ages, exhumation in the Junggar Range began at 9 Ma (Jolivet et al., 2010), circa 11 Ma in the central Kyrgyz Range (Sobel et al., 2006) and 10 Ma in the Terskey Alatau. An AFT age of the low Sogety range is 77 Ma, suggesting that the Cenozic exhumation of the ridge was insufficient to expose rocks from below c.3 km depth. The synclinal lows between the basement highs preserve Cenozoic strata of Eocene to Quaternary age, probably deposited in a once continuous basin (the Ili Basin) and recording the entire history of <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan uplift. Facies pattern of proximal alluvial fans are strictly related to the recent higher mountain areas in the north and in the south. During Middle Miocene, a large lake developed in the basin center. Up to the Middle Miocene sedimentation was accompanied by normal faulting of small magnitude. The main Cenozoic folding and thrusting occurred after that time and before deposition of the Chorgos formation. Shortening was accommodated by reactivation of inherited basement structures, by a switch to reverse or strike-slip motion on normal faults, and the nucleation of new thrusts. The majority of faults which emplace basement rocks over upper Cenozoic sediments dip steeply at angles of 60-70˚, and some have throws of more than 200 m. They are marked by topographic steps and contrasting morphology</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26251211','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26251211"><span>Effect of taping on foot kinematics in persons with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deschamps, Kevin; Dingenen, Bart; Pans, Femke; Van Bavel, Isabelle; Matricali, Giovanni Arnoldo; Staes, Filip</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>To investigate differences in rigid-foot and multi-segmental foot kinematics between healthy (control) and chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) participants during running and to evaluate the effect of low-Dye (LD) and high-Dye (HD) taping on foot kinematics of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> subjects. Cross-sectional, comparative study. Kinematic data of 12 controls and 15 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants were collected by a 3D motion analysis system during running. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants performed barefoot (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>_BF) running trials as well as trials with taping. A rigid Plug-in gait Model and the Rizzoli 3D Multi-Segment Foot Model were used. Groups were compared using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. An increased inversion, a decreased dorsiflexion between the foot and tibia and a decreased external foot progression angle were found during terminal swing and early stance in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_BF group. With respect to the taped conditions, post-hoc SPM{t} calculations highlighted a more dorsiflexed rearfoot (38-46% running cycle) in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_HD compared to the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_LD, and a more inverted Mid-Met angle (6-24% running cycle) in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_LD compared to the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_BF condition. This study revealed significant differences in rigid foot and multi-segmental foot kinematics between all groups. As high-dye taping embraces shank-rearfoot and forefoot, it seems to have better therapeutic features with respect to low-dye taping as the latter created a more inverted forefoot which may not be recommended in this population. Copyright © 2015 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371658','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371658"><span>Contributing factors to chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hubbard, Tricia J; Kramer, Lauren C; Denegar, Craig R; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>The development of repetitive ankle sprains and persistent symptoms after initial ankle sprain has been termed chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). There is no clear indication of which measures are most important in discriminating between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Thirty subjects with unilateral <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and controls had measures of ankle laxity and hypomobility, static and dynamic balance, ankle and hip strength, lower extremity alignments, and flexibility taken on both limbs. Based on comparisons of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ankles and side-matched limbs in controls, the measures significantly predictive of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were increased inversion laxity (r(2) change = 0.203), increased anterior laxity (r(2) change = 0.11), more missed balance trials (r(2) change = 0.094), and lower plantarflexion to dorsiflexion peak torque (r(2) change = 0.052). Symmetry indices comparing the side-to-side differences of each measure also were calculated for each dependent variable and compared between groups. The measures significantly predictive of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were decreased anterior reach (r(2) change = 0.185), decreased plantarflexion peak torque (r(2) change = 0.099), decreased posterior medial reach (r(2) change = 0.094), and increased inversion laxity (r(2) change = 0.041). The results of this study elucidate the specific measures that best discriminate between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Both mechanical (anterior and inversion laxity) and functional (strength, dynamic balance) insufficiencies significantly contribute to the etiology of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Prevention of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may be possible with proper initial management of the acute injury with rehabilitation aimed at those factors that best discriminate between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16032754','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16032754"><span>Design and utility of a web-based computer-assisted instructional tool for neuroanatomy self-study and review for physical and occupational therapy graduate students.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Foreman, K Bo; Morton, David A; Musolino, Gina Maria; Albertine, Kurt H</p> <p>2005-07-01</p> <p>The cadaver continues to be the primary tool to teach human gross anatomy. However, cadavers are not available to students outside of the teaching laboratory. A solution is to make course content available through computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). While <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is commonly used as an ancillary teaching tool for anatomy, use of screen space, annotations that obscure the image, and restricted interactivity have limited the utility of such teaching tools. To address these limitations, we designed a Web-based <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool that optimizes use of screen space, uses annotations that do not decrease the clarity of the images, and incorporates interactivity across different operating systems and browsers. To assess the design and utility of our <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool, we conducted a prospective evaluation of 43 graduate students enrolled in neuroanatomy taught by the Divisions of Physical and Occupational Therapy at the University of Utah, College of Health. A questionnaire addressed navigation, clarity of the images, benefit of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool, and rating of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool compared to traditional learning tools. Results showed that 88% of the respondents strongly agreed that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool was easy to navigate and overall beneficial. Eighty-four percent strongly agreed that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool was educational in structure identification and had clear images. Furthermore, 95% of the respondents thought that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool was much to somewhat better than traditional learning tools. We conclude that the design of a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool, with minimal limitations, provides a useful ancillary tool for human neuroanatomy instruction. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255867"><span>Plant growth-promoting activities of Streptomyces spp. in sorghum and rice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gopalakrishnan, Subramaniam; Srinivas, Vadlamudi; Sree Vidya, Meesala; Rathore, Abhishek</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Five strains of Streptomyces (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-121, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-127, KAI-32 and KAI-90) were earlier reported by us as biological control agents against Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC). In the present study, the Streptomyces were characterized for enzymatic activities, physiological traits and further evaluated in greenhouse and field for their plant growth promotion (PGP) of sorghum and rice. All the Streptomyces produced lipase, β-1-3-glucanase and chitinase (except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-121 and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-127), grew in NaCl concentrations of up to 6%, at pH values between 5 and 13 and temperatures between 20 and 40°C and were highly sensitive to Thiram, Benlate, Captan, Benomyl and Radonil at field application level. When the Streptomyces were evaluated in the greenhouse on sorghum all the isolates significantly enhanced all the agronomic traits over the control. In the field, on rice, the Streptomyces significantly enhanced stover yield (up to 25%; except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24), grain yield (up to 10%), total dry matter (up to 18%; except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24) and root length, volume and dry weight (up to 15%, 36% and 55%, respectively, except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24) over the control. In the rhizosphere soil, the Streptomyces significantly enhanced microbial biomass carbon (except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24), nitrogen, dehydrogenase (except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24), total N, available P and organic carbon (up to 41%, 52%, 75%, 122%, 53% and 13%, respectively) over the control. This study demonstrates that the selected Streptomyces which were antagonistic to FOC also have PGP properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3670341','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3670341"><span>182Hf–182W age dating of a 26Al-poor inclusion and implications for the origin of short-lived radioisotopes in the early Solar System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Holst, Jesper C.; Olsen, Mia B.; Paton, Chad; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Schiller, Martin; Wielandt, Daniel; Larsen, Kirsten K.; Connelly, James N.; Jørgensen, Jes K.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nordlund, Åke; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Refractory inclusions [calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions, (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>)] represent the oldest Solar System solids and provide information regarding the formation of the Sun and its protoplanetary disk. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain evidence of now extinct short-lived radioisotopes (e.g., 26Al, 41Ca, and 182Hf) synthesized in one or multiple stars and added to the protosolar molecular cloud before or during its collapse. Understanding how and when short-lived radioisotopes were added to the Solar System is necessary to assess their validity as chronometers and constrain the birthplace of the Sun. Whereas most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed with the canonical abundance of 26Al corresponding to 26Al/27Al of ∼5 × 10−5, rare <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with fractionation and unidentified nuclear isotope effects (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) record nucleosynthetic isotopic heterogeneity and 26Al/27Al of <5 × 10−6, possibly reflecting their formation before canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Thus, FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> may provide a unique window into the earliest Solar System, including the origin of short-lived radioisotopes. However, their chronology is unknown. Using the 182Hf–182W chronometer, we show that a FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> recording a condensation origin from a solar gas formed coevally with canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, but with 26Al/27Al of ∼3 × 10−6. The decoupling between 182Hf and 26Al requires distinct stellar origins: steady-state galactic stellar nucleosynthesis for 182Hf and late-stage contamination of the protosolar molecular cloud by a massive star(s) for 26Al. Admixing of stellar-derived 26Al to the protoplanetary disk occurred during the epoch of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation and, therefore, the 26Al–26Mg systematics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> cannot be used to define their formation interval. In contrast, our results support 182Hf homogeneity and chronological significance of the 182Hf–182W clock. PMID:23671077</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671077','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671077"><span>182Hf-182W age dating of a 26Al-poor inclusion and implications for the origin of short-lived radioisotopes in the early Solar System.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Holst, Jesper C; Olsen, Mia B; Paton, Chad; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Schiller, Martin; Wielandt, Daniel; Larsen, Kirsten K; Connelly, James N; Jørgensen, Jes K; Krot, Alexander N; Nordlund, Ake; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2013-05-28</p> <p>Refractory inclusions [calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>)] represent the oldest Solar System solids and provide information regarding the formation of the Sun and its protoplanetary disk. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain evidence of now extinct short-lived radioisotopes (e.g., (26)Al, (41)Ca, and (182)Hf) synthesized in one or multiple stars and added to the protosolar molecular cloud before or during its collapse. Understanding how and when short-lived radioisotopes were added to the Solar System is necessary to assess their validity as chronometers and constrain the birthplace of the Sun. Whereas most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed with the canonical abundance of (26)Al corresponding to (26)Al/(27)Al of ∼5 × 10(-5), rare <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with fractionation and unidentified nuclear isotope effects (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) record nucleosynthetic isotopic heterogeneity and (26)Al/(27)Al of <5 × 10(-6), possibly reflecting their formation before canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Thus, FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> may provide a unique window into the earliest Solar System, including the origin of short-lived radioisotopes. However, their chronology is unknown. Using the (182)Hf-(182)W chronometer, we show that a FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> recording a condensation origin from a solar gas formed coevally with canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, but with (26)Al/(27)Al of ∼3 × 10(-6). The decoupling between (182)Hf and (26)Al requires distinct stellar origins: steady-state galactic stellar nucleosynthesis for (182)Hf and late-stage contamination of the protosolar molecular cloud by a massive star(s) for (26)Al. Admixing of stellar-derived (26)Al to the protoplanetary disk occurred during the epoch of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation and, therefore, the (26)Al-(26)Mg systematics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> cannot be used to define their formation interval. In contrast, our results support (182)Hf homogeneity and chronological significance of the (182)Hf-(182)W clock.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1910032S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1910032S"><span>Impacts of climate change on river discharge in the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan: Results from the long-term observations and modelling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shahgedanova, Maria; Afzal, Muhammad; Usmanova, Zamira; Kapitsa, Vasilii; Mayr, Elisabeth; Hagg, Wilfried; Severskiy, Igor; Zhumabayev, Dauren</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The study presents results of investigation of the observed and projected changes in discharge of seven snow- and glacier-nourished rivers of the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (south-eastern Kazakhstan). The observed trends were assessed using the long-term (40-60 years) homogeneous daily records of discharge from the gauging stations located in the mountains and unaffected by human activities including water abstraction. Positive trends in discharge were registered at most sites between the 1950s and 2010s with the strongest increase in summer and autumn particularly in 2000-2010s in line with the positive temperature trends. The observed increase was most prominent in the catchments with a higher proportion of glacierized area. At the Ulken Almatinka and Kishi Almatinka rivers, where 16% and 12% of the catchment areas are glacierized, positive trends in summer and autumn discharge exceeded 1% per year. The strongest increase was observed in September indicating that melting period extends in the early autumn. In September-November, the number of days with extreme discharge values, defined as daily values exceeding 95th percentile (calculated for each meteorological season), increased at all rivers. Future changes in discharge were modelled using HBV-ETH hydrological model and four climate change scenarios derived using regional climate model PRECIS with 25 km spatial resolution driven by HadGEM GCM for RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios and HadCM3Q0 and ECHAM5 GCM for A1B scenario. A range of glacier change scenarios was considered. All climate experiments project increase in temperature with the strongest warming projected by the HadGEM-driven simulation for RCP 8.5 scenario and HadCM3Q0-driven simulation for A1B scenario. The projected changes in precipitation varied between models and seasons, however, most experiments did not show significant trends in precipitation within the studied catchments. The exception is a simulation driven by HadGEM GCM for 8.5 RCP scenario which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1185906','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1185906"><span>Divalent europium doped and un-doped calcium iodide scintillators: Scintillator characterization and single crystal growth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Boatner, L. A.; Ramey, J. O.; Kolopus, J. A.</p> <p>2015-02-21</p> <p>Initially, the alkaline-earth scintillator, <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+, was discovered around 1964 by Hofstadter, Odell, and Schmidt. Serious practical problems quickly arose, however, that were associated with the growth of large monolithic single crystals of this material due to its lamellar, mica-like structure. As a result of its theoretically higher light yield, <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ has the potential to exceed the excellent scintillation performance of SrI 2:Eu 2+. In fact, theoretical predictions for the light yield of <span class="hlt">CaI</span>2:Eu 2+ scintillators suggested that an energy resolution approaching 2% at 662 keV could be achievable. Like the early SrI 2:Eu 2+ scintillator, themore » performance of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ scintillators has traditionally suffered due, at least in part, to outdated materials synthesis, component stoichiometry/purity, and single-crystal-growth techniques. Based on our recent work on SrI 2:Eu 2+ scintillators in single-crystal form, we have developed new techniques that are applied here to <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ and pure <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 with the goal of growing large un-cracked crystals and, potentially, realizing the theoretically predicted performance of the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ form of this material. Calcium iodide does not adhere to modern glassy carbon Bridgman crucibles - so there should be no differential thermal-contraction-induced crystal/crucible stresses on cooling that would result in crystal cracking of the lamellar structure of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2. Here we apply glassy carbon crucible Bridgman growth, high-purity growth-charge compounds, our molten salt processing/filtration technique, and extended vacuum-melt-pumping methods to the growth of both <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ and un-doped <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2. Moreover, large scintillating single crystals were obtained, and detailed characterization studies of the scintillation properties of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ and pure <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 single crystals are presented that include studies of the effects of plastic deformation of the crystals on the scintillator performance.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6020Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6020Y"><span>Origin of Spinel Framboids in Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yoshizaki, T.; Nakashima, D.; Nakamura, T.; Ishida, H.; Sakamoto, N.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Mineralogical, petrological and O-isotopic study of a CV <span class="hlt">CAI</span> suggests that spinel framboids in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were originally mini-<span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that condensed separately under different conditions and subsequently aggregated to form the inclusion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917508S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917508S"><span>Groundwater resources vulnerability due to melting glaciers in the Talgar alluvian fan, northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saks, Tomas; Timuhins, Andrejs; Sennikovs, Juris; Ibraimov, Vitaliy; Sotnikov, Evgeniy; Salybekova, Valentina; Rahimov, Timur; Popovs, Konrads</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Alluvial fans on the mountain slopes in Central Asia are an important source of the groundwater, due to there capacity of storing large quantities of the fresh groundwater and due to the fact that most urban centres are situated in the mountainous terrain or along mountain slopes. The groundwater resources in the alluvial fans are replenished by the infiltration from the rivers, which drain the mountain catchments and by infiltration from the precipitation, and released on there lower reaches as a series of seasonal springs or infiltrated into the lower lying aquifers. The rivers with there catchments in the mountainous terrain are fed by the precipitation (with the peak in May-June due to snow melt) and glacier melt. The glacier meltwater constitutes up to 90% of the river runoff in July-August, due to peak in glacier melt and low precipitation, providing much needed freshwater for agriculture in the dry season. In this study an attempt to quantify the importance of the glacier meltwater on the groundwater resources through groundwater modelling in the Talgar alluvial fan, Ili-Alatau mountain range has been performed. The results suggest that glacier meltwater is a substantial portion of the groundwater resources in the Talgar alluvial fan, with up to 30m drop of the groundwater level, if the glaciers disappear, endangering existing groundwater supply. The transient simulations suggest that disappearance of the glaciers and highly variable annual precipitation would result in highly fluctuating groundwater levels, as well as disappearance of most of the springs at the foot of the alluvial fan. These results are especially relevant for the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Shan, where glaciers have been rapidly retreating over last 50 years, and some of the glaciers could disappear in next decades.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IzPSE..51..859L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IzPSE..51..859L"><span>Autonomous geodynamics of the Pamir-<span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan junction zone from seismology data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lukk, A. A.; Shevchenko, V. I.; Leonova, V. G.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>The geodynamics of the Tajik Depression, the junction zone of the Pamirs and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, is typically considered in the context of plate tectonic concept, which implies intense subhorizontal compression of the zone resulting from the subduction of the Indian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. This convergence has been reliably confirmed by the GPS measurements. However, the joint analysis of the geological structure, seismicity, and geodimeter measurements conducted during a few years at the Garm geodynamical testing site of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, demonstrates a widening of the Tajik Depression instead of its shortening, as should be expected from the subhorizontal compression predominant in the present-day stress-state of this region. This conclusion, together with the data from the other regions, suggests that, along with the plate tectonic mechanisms, there are also other, local, autonomous drivers that contribute to the tectogenesis of this region. Besides, the probable existence of these autonomous sources within the Tajik Depression directly follows from the seismology data. Among them is the crustal spreading within the depression suggested by the seismotectonic displacements in the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes. These displacements are directed in different azimuths off the axial's most subsided part of the depression at a depth of 20-30 km. Above this region the distribution of seismotectonic deformations (STD) is chaotic. This pattern of deformation is barely accounted for by a simple model of subhorizontal compression of the Earth's crust in the region. In our opinion, these features of the seismotectonic deformation in the crust within the studied part of the Tajik Depression is probably associated with the gain in the volume of the rocks due to the inflow of the additional material, which is supplied from the bottom crust or upper mantle by the deep fluids. This increase in the rock volume</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564151','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564151"><span>Severe neutropenia at time of port insertion is not a risk factor for catheter-associated infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Junqueira, Beatriz L P; Connolly, Bairbre; Abla, Oussama; Tomlinson, George; Amaral, Joao G</p> <p>2010-09-15</p> <p>The objective of this study was to determine whether severe neutropenia on the day of port-a-catheter (PORT) insertion was a risk factor for catheter-associated infection (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This was a retrospective study of children with ALL who had a PORT insertion between January 2005 and August 2008. Early (≤ 30 days) and late (>30 days) postprocedure complications were reviewed. The length of follow-up ranged between 7 months and 42 months. In total, 192 PORTs were inserted in 179 children. There were 43 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (22%), and the infection rate was 0.35 per 1000 catheter-days. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rate (15%) in children who had severe neutropenia on the day of the procedure did not differ statistically from the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rate (24%) in children who did not have severe neutropenia (P = .137). Conversely, patients with severe neutropenia who had a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were more likely to have their PORT removed (P = .019). The most common organisms to cause catheter removal were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Patients with high-risk ALL had a statistically significant higher incidence of late <span class="hlt">CAI</span> than patients with standard-risk ALL (P = .012). Age (P = .272), positive blood culture preprocedure (P = 1.0), and dexamethasone use (P = .201) were not risk factors for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Patients who had an early <span class="hlt">CAI</span> did not have a greater chance of having a late <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The catheter infection-free survival rate at 1 year was 88.6%. The current results indicated that severe neutropenia on the day of PORT insertion does not increase the risk of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in children with ALL. © 2010 American Cancer Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...639.1227K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...639.1227K"><span>Aluminum-Magnesium and Oxygen Isotope Study of Relict Ca-Al-rich Inclusions in Chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krot, Alexander N.; McKeegan, Kevin D.; Huss, Gary R.; Liffman, Kurt; Sahijpal, Sandeep; Hutcheon, Ian D.; Srinivasan, Gopalan; Bischoff, Adolph; Keil, Klaus</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p>Relict Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) in chondrules crystallized before their host chondrules and were subsequently partly melted together with chondrule precursors during chondrule formation. Like most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are 16O enriched (Δ17O<-20‰) compared to their host chondrules (Δ17O>-9‰). Hibonite in a relict <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Adelaide has a large excess of radiogenic 26Mg (26Mg*) from the decay of 26Al, corresponding to an initial 26Al/27Al ratio [(26Al/27Al)I] of (3.7+/-0.5)×10-5 in contrast, melilite in this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and plagioclase in the host chondrule show no evidence for 26Mg* [(26Al/27Al)I of <5×10-6]. Grossite in a relict <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the CH carbonaceous chondrite PAT 91546 has little 26Mg*, corresponding to a (26Al/27Al)I of (1.7+/-1.3)×10-6. Three other relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and their host chondrules from the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094, CH chondrite Acfer 182, and H3.4 ordinary chondrite Sharps do not have detectable 26Mg* [(26Al/27Al)I<1×10-5, <(4-6)×10-6, and <1.3×10-5, respectively]. Isotopic data combined with mineralogical observations suggest that relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed in an 16O-rich gaseous reservoir before their host chondrules, which originated in an 16O-poor gas. The Adelaide <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was incorporated into its host chondrule after 26Al had mostly decayed, at least 2 Myr after the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formed, and this event reset 26Al-26Mg systematics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29185094','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29185094"><span>A Theory-Based Exploration of Condomless Anal Intercourse Intention Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men of Different Sexual Roles in Taiwan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chu, Jen-Hao; Huang, Jiun-Hau</p> <p>2017-11-28</p> <p>In recent years, men who have sex with men (MSM) have accounted for over 80% of all new HIV cases in Taiwan. More than 70% of new cases have occurred in those aged 15-34 years. Condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) has been identified as the main route of HIV transmission among MSM. To systematically examine <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention and associated factors among young MSM in Taiwan, an anonymous online survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was conducted. Data from 694 MSM aged 15-39 years were included in the analysis. This study found that, overall, all five TPB factors (i.e., attitudes toward positive and negative outcomes regarding <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, perceived support for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from important others, and perceived behavioral control of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> under facilitating and constraining conditions) were significantly associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention. When data were stratified by sexual role (i.e., receptive, versatile, and insertive), the associations between TPB factors and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention varied. Of the five TPB factors, positive attitudes toward positive outcomes regarding <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were most strongly associated with high <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention (AOR 5.68 for all young MSM; AOR 3.80-15.93, depending on sexual role). Findings from this study could inform the development of theory-driven HIV prevention programs as well as future research and practice. These results also highlight the importance of tailoring HIV prevention initiatives for young MSM of different sexual roles to optimize the program effectiveness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3366464','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3366464"><span>Intracellular Calcium and the Mechanism of Anodal Supernormal Excitability in Langendorff Perfused Rabbit Ventricles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Joung, Boyoung; Park, Hyung-Wook; Maruyama, Mitsunori; Tang, Liang; Song, Juan; Han, Seongwook; Piccirillo, Gianfranco; Weiss, James N.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background Anodal stimulation hyperpolarizes cell membrane and increases intracellular Ca2+ (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) transient. This study tested the hypothesis that The maximum slope of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> decline (–(d<span class="hlt">Cai</span>/dt)max) corresponds to the timing of anodal dip on the strength-interval curve and the initiation of repetitive responses and ventricular fibrillation (VF) after a premature stimulus (S2). Methods and Results We simultaneously mapped membrane potential (Vm) and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in 23 rabbit ventricles. A dip was observed on the anodal strength-interval curve. During the anodal dip, ventricles were captured by anodal break excitation directly under the S2 electrode. The <span class="hlt">Cai</span> following anodal stimuli is larger than that following cathodal stimuli. The S1-S2 intervals of the anodal dip (203 ± 10 ms) coincided with the -(d<span class="hlt">Cai</span>/dt)max (199 ± 10 ms, p=NS). BAPTA-AM (n=3), INCX inhibition by low extracellular Na+ (n=3), and combined ryanodine and thapsigargin infusion (n=2) eliminated the anodal supernormality. Strong S2 during the relative refractory period (n=5) induced 29 repetitive responses and 10 VF episodes. The interval between S2 and the first non-driven beat was coincidental with the time of -(d<span class="hlt">Cai</span>/dt)max. Conclusions Larger <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transient and INCX activation induced by anodal stimulation produces anodal supernormality. Time of maximum INCX activation is coincidental to the induction of non- driven beats from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole after a strong premature stimulation. PMID:21301131</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IzAOP..53..734K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IzAOP..53..734K"><span>Strong Medieval Earthquake in the Northern Issyk-Kul Lake Region (<span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan): Results of Paleoseismological and Archeoseismological Studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Korzhenkov, A. M.; Deev, E. V.; Luzhanskii, D. V.; Abdieva, S. V.; Agatova, A. R.; Mazeika, J. V.; Men'shikov, M. Yu.; Rogozhin, E. A.; Rodina, S. N.; Rodkin, M. V.; Sorokin, A. A.; Fortuna, A. B.; Charimov, T. A.; Shen, J.; Yudakhin, A. S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A number of archeological monuments in the northern Issyk-Kul Lake region (<span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan) in the basins of the Chet-Koysuu and Chon-Koysuu rivers are studied. All monuments have undergone significant seismogenic deformations and destructions. A cromlech (7th century BC to 8th centuries AD) was displaced along the sinistral strike-slip fault. A kurgan (7th-13th centuries AD) was deformed in a front of the reverse fault scarp. A fortress (14th-15th centuries AD) was submerged beneath the lake water during the catastrophic subsidence of the coastal zone. We identify a zone of the seismogenic rupture. It is located along the Kultor border fault, which separates the Issyk-Kul depression and its surrounding mountains (Kungey Ala-Too Range). During the earthquake, the seismogenic reverse fault scarp was formed. A total of 1.6 m was offset along the rupture, which corresponds to an earthquake with M S ≥ 7 and seismic intensity of I 0 ≥ IX. Judging by numerous radiocarbon datings of submerged wood, which was used in building the fortress (end of 14th to the beginning of 15th centuries AD), the earthquake occurred in the 16th century AD and could have caused the decline of the Mogul civilization in the northern Issyk-Kul Lake region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945848','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945848"><span>The effectiveness of foot orthotics in improving postural control in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a critically appraised topic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gabriner, Michael L; Braun, Brittany A; Houston, Megan N; Hoch, Matthew C</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a condition commonly experienced by physically active individuals. It has been suggested that foot orthotics may increase a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patient's postural control. For patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, is there evidence to suggest that an orthotic intervention will help improve postural control? The literature was searched for studies of level 2 evidence or higher that investigated the effects of foot orthotics on postural control in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The search of the literature produced 5 possible studies for inclusion; 2 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. One randomized controlled trial and 1 outcomes study were included. Foot orthotics appear to be effective at improving postural control in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. There is moderate evidence to support the use of foot orthotics in the treatment of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to help improve postural control. There is grade B evidence that foot orthotics help improve postural control in people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The Centre of Evidence Based Medicine recommends a grade of B for level 2 evidence with consistent findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022991','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022991"><span>Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Becker, H.; Morgan, J.W.; Walker, R.J.; MacPherson, G.J.; Grossman, J.N.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The Re-Os isotopic systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) in chondrites were investigated in order to shed light on the behavior of the Re-Os system in bulk chondrites, and to constrain the timing of chemical fractionation in primitive chondrites. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with relatively unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (groups I, III, V, VI) define a narrow range of 187Re/188Os (0.3764-0.4443) and 187Os/188Os (0.12599-0.12717), and high but variable Re and Os abundances (3209-41,820 ppb Os). In contrast, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that show depletions in highly refractory elements and strongly fractionated REE patterns (group II) also show a much larger range in 187Re/188Os (0.409-0.535) and 187Os/188Os (0.12695-0.13770), and greater than an order of magnitude lower Re and Os abundances than other groups (e.g., 75.7-680.2 ppb Os). Sixteen bulk <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> splits plot within analytical uncertainty of a 4558 Ga reference isochron, as is expected for materials of this antiquity. Eight samples, however, plot off the isochron. Several possible reasons for these deviations are discussed. Data for multiple splits of one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> indicate that the nonisochronous behavior for at least this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is the result of Re-Os reequilibration at approximately 1.6 Ga. Thus, the most likely explanation for the deviations of most of the nonisochronous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is late-stage open-system behavior of Re and Os in the asteroidal environment. The 187Os/188Os-Os systematics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are consistent with previous models that indicate group II <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are mixtures of components that lost the bulk of their highly refractory elements in a previous condensation event and a minor second component that provided refractory elements at chondritic relative proportions. The high Re/Os of group II <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> relative to other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and chondrite bulk rocks may have been caused by variable mobilization of Re and Os during medium- to low-temperature parent body alteration ??4.5 Ga ago. This model is favored over nebular models, which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641367','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641367"><span>Sexual Risk Behavior Among Virologically Detectable Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Young Men Who Have Sex With Men.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wilson, Patrick A; Kahana, Shoshana Y; Fernandez, Maria Isabel; Harper, Gary W; Mayer, Kenneth; Wilson, Craig M; Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses continue to increase among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Many YMSM living with HIV engage in sexual risk behaviors, and those who have a detectable viral load can transmit HIV to sex partners. Understanding factors that are related to sexual risk taking among virologically detectable (VL+) YMSM can inform prevention and treatment efforts. To describe differences between virologically suppressed (VL-) and VL+ YMSM living with HIV and to identify correlates of condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> among VL+ YMSM. In this cross-sectional survey conducted from December 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012, we studied 991 HIV-infected YMSM 15 to 26 years of age at 20 adolescent HIV clinics in the United States. Data analysis was conducted December 1, 2013, through July 31, 2015. Demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial assessments obtained using audio computer-assisted self-interviews. Viral load information was obtained via blood draw or medical record abstraction. Of the 991 participants, 688 (69.4%) were VL+ and 458 (46.2%) reported <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, with 310 (31.3%) reporting serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the past 3 months. The VL+ YMSM were more likely than the VL- YMSM to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (detectable, 266 [54.7%]; suppressed, 91 [44.4%]; P = .01) and serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (detectable, 187 [34.9%]; suppressed, 57 [25.0%]; P < .01). Multivariable analyses indicated that among VL+ YMSM, those reporting problematic substance use were more likely to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02-2.10) and serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.99). Black VL+ YMSM were less likely to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (AOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.90) or serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (AOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94) compared with other VL+ YMSM. In addition, VL+ YMSM who disclosed their HIV status to sex partners were more likely to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compared with nondisclosing YMSM (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.81). Transgender participants were less likely</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21305099-early-solar-nebula-condensates-canonical-supracanonical-initial-sup-al-sup-al-ratios','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21305099-early-solar-nebula-condensates-canonical-supracanonical-initial-sup-al-sup-al-ratios"><span>EARLY SOLAR NEBULA CONDENSATES WITH CANONICAL, NOT SUPRACANONICAL, INITIAL {sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al RATIOS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>MacPherson, G. J.; Bullock, E. S.; Janney, P. E.</p> <p>2010-03-10</p> <p>The short-lived radionuclide {sup 26}Al existed throughout the solar nebula 4.57 Ga ago, and the initial abundance ratio ({sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al){sub 0}, as inferred from magnesium isotopic compositions of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) in chondritic meteorites, has become a benchmark for understanding early solar system chronology. Internal mineral isochrons in most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) give ({sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al){sub 0} {approx} (4-5) x 10{sup -5}, called 'canonical'. Some recent high-precision analyses of (1) bulk <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> measured by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS), (2) individual <span class="hlt">CAI</span> minerals and their mixtures measured by laser-ablation MC-ICPMS, and (3)more » internal isochrons measured by multicollector (MC)-SIMS indicated a somewhat higher 'supracanonical' ({sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al){sub 0} ranging from (5.85 {+-} 0.05) x 10{sup -5} to >7 x 10{sup -5}. These measurements were done on coarse-grained Type B and Type A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that probably formed by recrystallization and/or melting of fine-grained condensate precursors. Thus the supracanonical ratios might record an earlier event, the actual nebular condensation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursors. We tested this idea by performing in situ high-precision magnesium isotope measurements of individual minerals in a fine-grained <span class="hlt">CAI</span> whose structures and volatility-fractionated trace element abundances mark it as a primary solar nebula condensate. Such <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are ideal candidates for the fine-grained precursors to the coarse-grained <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, and thus should best preserve a supracanonical ratio. Yet, our measured internal isochron yields ({sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al){sub 0} = (5.27 {+-} 0.17) x 10{sup -5}. Thus our data do not support the existence of supracanonical ({sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al){sub 0} = (5.85-7) x 10{sup -5}. There may not have been a significant time interval between condensation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursors and their subsequent melting into coarse</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28595864','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28595864"><span>Hip strength and star excursion balance test deficits of patients with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McCann, Ryan S; Crossett, Ian D; Terada, Masafumi; Kosik, Kyle B; Bolding, Brenn A; Gribble, Phillip A</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>To examine isometric hip strength in those with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and determine the degree of Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) variance explained by isometric hip strength. Single-blinded, cross-sectional, case-control study. Thirty individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 29 lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers, and 26 healthy controls participated. We assessed dynamic postural control with the SEBT anterior (SEBT-ANT), posteromedial (SEBT-PM), and posterolateral (SEBT-PL) reaches, and isometric hip extension (EXT), abduction (ABD) and external rotation (ER) strength with hand-held dynamometry. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and LAS coper groups' involved limbs and randomly selected limbs in controls were tested. Separate Kruskal-Wallis tests compared SEBT scores and isometric hip strength between groups. Backwards linear regression models determined the degree of SEBT variance explained by isometric hip strength. Statistical significance was set a priori at P<0.05. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had lower SEBT-ANT scores compared to LAS copers (P=0.03) and controls (P=0.03). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had lower ABD compared to LAS copers (P=0.03) and controls (P=0.02). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had lower ER compared to LAS copers (P=0.01) and controls (P=0.01). ER (R 2 =0.25, P=0.01) and ABD (R 2 =0.25, P=0.01) explained 25% of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group's SEBT-PM and SEBT-PL variances, respectively. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had deficient dynamic postural control and isometric hip strength compared to LAS copers and controls. Additionally, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group's isometric hip strength significantly influenced dynamic postural control performance. Future <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rehabilitation strategies should consider hip muscular strengthening to facilitate improvements in dynamic postural control. Copyright © 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19290676','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19290676"><span>Treatment of common deficits associated with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Holmes, Alison; Delahunt, Eamonn</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Lateral ankle sprains are amongst the most common injuries incurred by athletes, with the high rate of reoccurrence after initial injury becoming of great concern. Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) refers to the development of repetitive ankle sprains and persistent residual symptoms post-injury. Some of the initial symptoms that occur in acute sprains may persist for at least 6 months post-injury in the absence of recurrent sprains, despite the athlete having returned to full functional activity. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is generally thought to be caused by mechanical instability (MI) or functional instability (FI), or both. Although previously discussed as separate entities, recent research has demonstrated that deficits associated with both MI and FI may co-exist to result in <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. For clinicians, the main deficits associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> include deficits in proprioception, neuromuscular control, strength and postural control. Based on the literature reviewed, it does seem that subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> have a deficit in frontal plane ankle joint positional sense. Subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> do not appear to exhibit any increased latency in the peroneal muscles in response to an external perturbation. Preliminary data suggest that feed-forward neuromuscular control may be more important than feed-back neuromuscular control and interventions are now required to address deficits in feed-forward neuromuscular control. Balance training protocols have consistently been shown to improve postural stability in subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> do not experience decreased peroneus longus strength, but instead may experience strength deficits in the ankle joint invertor muscles. These findings are of great clinical significance in terms of understanding the mechanisms and deficits associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. An appreciation of these is vital to allow clinicians to develop effective prevention and treatment programmes in relation to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017M%26PS...52.1612J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017M%26PS...52.1612J"><span>Refractory materials in comet samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Joswiak, D. J.; Brownlee, D. E.; Nguyen, A. N.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Transmission electron microscope examination of more than 250 fragments, >1 μm from comet Wild 2 and a giant cluster interplanetary dust particle (GCP) of probable cometary origin has revealed four new calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), an amoeboid olivine aggregate (AOA), and an additional AOA or Al-rich chondrule (ARC) object. All of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have concentric mineral structures and are composed of spinel + anorthite cores surrounded by Al,Ti clinopyroxenes and are similar to two previous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> discovered in Wild 2. All of the cometary refractory objects are of moderate refractory character. The mineral assemblages, textures, and bulk compositions of the comet <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are similar to nodules in fine-grained, spinel-rich inclusions (FGIs) found in primitive chondrites and like the nodules may be nebular condensates that were altered via solid-gas reactions in the solar nebula. Oxygen isotopes collected on one Wild 2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> also match FGIs. The lack of the most refractory inclusions in the comet samples may reflect the higher abundances of small moderately refractory <span class="hlt">CAI</span> nodules that were produced in the nebula and the small sample sizes collected. In the comet samples, approximately 2-3% of all fragments larger than 1 μm, by number, are <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and nearly 50% of all bulbous Stardust tracks contain at least one <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. We estimate that 0.5 volume % of Wild 2 material and 1 volume % of GCP is in the form of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. ARCs and AOAs account for <1% of the Wild 2 and GCP grains by number.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170000786','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170000786"><span>Ultra-Refractory Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusion in an AOA in CR Chondrite Yamato-793261</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Komatsu, M.; Fagan, T. J.; Yamaguchi, A.; Mikouchi, T.; Yasutake, M.; Zolensky, M. E.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>CR chondrites are a group of primitive carbonaceous chondrites that preserve nebular records of the formation conditions of their components. We have been investigating a set of Antarctic CR chondrites from the Japanese-NIPR collection in order to study variations within this group. During our study, we have found an AOA that encloses an ultrarefractory (UR) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in Yamato-793261 (Y-793261). UR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are rare in carbonaceous chondrites, and only three UR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in AOAs have been identified so far. UR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> can provide information on crystallization processes at very high temperatures in the solar nebula. Here we describe the petrology of Y-793261, and preliminary results on this newly discovered AOA enclosing a UR <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Geomo..63....1B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Geomo..63....1B"><span>pp iii Morphological response to Quaternary deformation at an intermontane basin piedmont, the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, Kyrghyzstan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bowman, Dan; Korjenkov, Andrey; Porat, Naomi; Czassny, Birka</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is a most active intracontinental mountain-building range with abundant Quaternary fault-related folding. In order to improve our understanding of Quaternary intermontane basin deformation, we investigated the intermontane Issyk-Kul Lake area, an anticline that was up-warped through the piedmont cover, causing partitioning of the alluvial fan veneer. To follow the morphological scenario during the warping process, we relied on surface-exposed and trenched structures and on alluvial fans and bajadas as reference surfaces. We used air photos and satellite images to analyze the spatial-temporal morphological record and determined the age of near surface sediments by luminescence dating. We demonstrate that the up-warped Ak-Teke hills are a thrust-generated subdued anticline with strong morphological asymmetry which results from the coupling of the competing processes of up-warp and erosional feedback. The active creeks across the up-warped anticline indicate that the antecedent drainage system kept pace with the rate of uplift. The rivers which once sourced the piedmont, like the Toru-Aygyr, Kultor and the Dyuresu, became deeply entrenched and gradually transformed the study area into an abandoned morphological surface. The up-warp caused local lateral drainage diversion in front of the northern backlimb and triggered the formation of a dendritic drainage pattern upfan. Luminescence dating suggest that the period of up-warp and antecedent entrenchment started after 157 ka. The morphologically mature study area demonstrates the response of fluvial systems to growing folds on piedmont areas, induced by a propagating frontal fold at a thrust belt edge, following shortening.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28610477','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28610477"><span>Lower extremity joint coupling variability during gait in young adults with and without chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lilley, Thomas; Herb, Christopher C; Hart, Joseph; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a condition resulting from a lateral ankle sprain. Shank-rearfoot joint-coupling variability differences have been found in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients; however, joint-coupling variability (VCV) of the ankle and proximal joints has not been explored. Our purpose was to analyse VCV in adults with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span> during gait. Four joint-coupling pairs were analysed: knee sagittal-ankle sagittal, knee sagittal-ankle frontal, hip frontal-ankle sagittal and hip frontal-ankle frontal. Twenty-seven adults participated (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>:n = 13, Control:n = 14). Lower extremity kinematics were collected during walking (4.83 km/h) and jogging (9.66 km/h). Vector-coding was used to assess the stride-to-stride variability of four coupling pairs. During walking, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients exhibited higher VCV than healthy controls for knee sagittal-ankle frontal in latter parts of stance thru mid-swing. When jogging, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients demonstrated lower VCV with specific differences occurring across various intervals of gait. The increased knee sagittal-ankle frontal VCV in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients during walking may indicate an adaptation to deal with the previously identified decrease in variability in transverse plane shank and frontal plane rearfoot coupling during walking; while the decreased ankle-knee and ankle-hip VCV identified in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients during jogging may represent a more rigid, less adaptable sensorimotor system ambulating at a faster speed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746326','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746326"><span>Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and fuminisins of adults in Lao <span class="hlt">Cai</span> province, Viet Nam: A total dietary study approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huong, Bui Thi Mai; Tuyen, Le Danh; Tuan, Do Huu; Brimer, Leon; Dalsgaard, Anders</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Aflatoxins, fumonisins and ochratoxin A that contaminate various agricultural commodities are considered of significant toxicity and potent human carcinogens. This study took a total dietary study approach and estimated the dietary exposure of these mycotoxins for adults living in Lao <span class="hlt">Cai</span> province, Vietnam. A total of 42 composite food samples representing 1134 individual food samples were prepared according to normal household practices and analysed for the three mycotoxins. Results showed that the dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (39.4 ng/kg bw/day) and ochratoxin A (18.7 ng/kg bw/day) were much higher than recommended provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) values mainly due to contaminated cereals and meat. The exposure to total fumonisins (1400 ng/kg bw/day) was typically lower than the PTDI value (2000 ng/kg bw/day). The estimated risk of liver cancer associated with exposure to aflatoxin B1 was 2.7 cases/100,000 person/year. Margin of exposure (MOE) of renal cancer linked to ochratoxin A and liver cancer associated with fumonisins were 1124 and 1954, respectively indicating risk levels of public health concern. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of technical solutions which could reduce mycotoxin contamination as well as to determine the health effects of the co-exposure to different types of mycotoxins. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MeScT..19h5407K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MeScT..19h5407K"><span>Detection of combustion start in the controlled auto ignition engine by wavelet transform of the engine block vibration signal</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, Seonguk; Min, Kyoungdoug</p> <p>2008-08-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (controlled auto ignition) engine ignites fuel and air mixture by trapping high temperature burnt gas using a negative valve overlap. Due to auto ignition in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion, efficiency improvements and low level NOx emission can be obtained. Meanwhile, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion regime is restricted and control parameters are limited. The start of combustion data in the compressed ignition engine are most critical for controlling the overall combustion. In this research, the engine block vibration signal is transformed by the Meyer wavelet to analyze <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion more easily and accurately. Signal acquisition of the engine block vibration is a more suitable method for practical use than measurement of in-cylinder pressure. A new method for detecting combustion start in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> engines through wavelet transformation of the engine block vibration signal was developed and results indicate that it is accurate enough to analyze the start of combustion. Experimental results show that wavelet transformation of engine block vibration can track the start of combustion in each cycle. From this newly developed method, the start of combustion data in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> engines can be detected more easily and used as input data for controlling <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptCo.402...60F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptCo.402...60F"><span>Propagation properties of the chirped Airy beams through the gradient-index medium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Feng, Liyan; Zhang, Jianbin; Pang, Zihao; Wang, Linyi; Zhong, Tianfen; Yang, Xiangbo; Deng, Dongmei</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Through analytical derivation and numerical analysis, the propagation properties of the chirped Airy(<span class="hlt">CAi</span>) beams in the gradient-index medium are investigated. The intensity and the phase distributions, the propagation trajectory and the Poynting vector of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams are demonstrated to investigate the propagation properties. Owing to the special and symmetrical refractive index profile of the gradient-index medium, the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams propagate periodically. The effects of the distribution factor and the chirped parameter on the propagation of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams are analyzed. As the increasing of the distribution factor, the intensity distribution of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams is more scattering. However, with the chirped parameter increasing, the focusing property of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams strengthens. The variation of the chirped parameter can change the position of the peak intensity maximum, but it cannot alter the period of the peak intensity. The variations of the initial phase and the energy of the beams in the transverse plane expedite accordingly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24062278','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24062278"><span>Canine-assisted therapy for children with ADHD: preliminary findings from the positive assertive cooperative kids study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schuck, Sabrina E B; Emmerson, Natasha A; Fine, Aubrey H; Lakes, Kimberley D</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to provide preliminary findings from an ongoing randomized clinical trial using a canine-assisted intervention (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for 24 children with ADHD. Project Positive Assertive Cooperative Kids (P.A.C.K.) was designed to study a 12-week cognitive-behavioral intervention delivered with or without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Children were randomly assigned to group therapy with or without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Parents of children in both groups simultaneously participated in weekly parent group therapy sessions. Across both treatment groups, parents reported improvements in children's social skills, prosocial behaviors, and problematic behaviors. In both groups, the severity of ADHD symptoms declined during the course of treatment; however, children who received the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> model exhibited greater reductions in the severity of ADHD symptoms than did children who received cognitive-behavioral therapy without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Results suggest that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> offers a novel therapeutic strategy that may enhance cognitive-behavioral interventions for children with ADHD. © 2013 SAGE Publications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9125986','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9125986"><span>Top ten reasons the World Wide Web may fail to change medical education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Friedman, R B</p> <p>1996-09-01</p> <p>The Internet's World Wide Web (WWW) offers educators a unique opportunity to introduce computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) programs into the medical school curriculum. With the WWW, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs developed at one medical school could be successfully used at other institutions without concern about hardware or software compatibility; further, programs could be maintained and regularly updated at a single central location, could be distributed rapidly, would be technology-independent, and would be presented in the same format on all computers. However, while the WWW holds promise for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, the author discusses ten reasons that educators' efforts to fulfill the Web's promise may fail, including the following: <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is generally not fully integrated into the medical school curriculum; students are not tested on material taught using <span class="hlt">CAI</span>; and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs tend to be poorly designed. The author argues that medical educators must overcome these obstacles if they are to make truly effective use of the WWW in the classroom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..110a2023V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..110a2023V"><span>Origin of carbonatites of the Matcha alkaline pluton from Turkestan-Alai ridge, Kyrgyz Southern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vrublevskii, V. V.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Postorogenic alkaline intrusions in the Turkestan-Alai segment of the Southern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan coexist with dikes and veins of carbonatites dated at ˜220 Ma. They are primarily composed of calcite and dolomite (60-85 %), as well as sodic amphibole, phlogopite, clinopyroxene, microcline, albite, apatite, and magnetite, with accessory niobate, ilmenite, Nb-rutile, titanite, zircon, baddeleyite, monazite-(Ce), barite, and sulfides. The rocks share mineralogical and geochemical similarity with carbonatites that originated by liquid immiscibility at high temperatures above 500°C. Silicate and salt-carbonate melts are derived from sources with mainly negative bulk ɛND(t) ˜ from -11 to 0 and high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (˜ 0.7061-0.7095) which may be due to mixing of PREMA and EM-type mantle material. Pb isotopic ratios in accessory pyrrhotite (206Pb/204Pb = 18.38; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.64; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.41) exhibit an EM 2 trend. The intrusions bear signatures of significant crustal contamination as a result of magma genesis by syntexis and hybridism. Concordant isotope composition changes of δ 13C (-6.5 to -1.9 ‰), δ 18O (9.2-23 %„), δD (-58 to -41 %„), and δ 34S (12.6-12.8 ‰) in minerals and rocks indicate inputs of crustal material at the stage of melting and effect of hot fluids released during dehydration of metamorphosed oceanic basalts or sediments. The observed HFSE patterns of the oldest alkaline gabbro may be due to interaction of the primary mafic magma with IAB-type material. The isotope similarity of alkaline rocks with spatially proximal basalts of the Tarim large igneous province does not contradict the evolution of the Turkestan-Alai Triassic magmatism as the «last echo» of the Tarim mantle plume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5759942','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5759942"><span>The Chinese Herbal Mixture <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Hsien Liquid Augments the Anticancer Immunity in Tumor Cell–Vaccinated Mice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Pei-Ming; Du, Jia-Ling; Wang, George Nian-Kae; Chia, Jean-San; Hsu, Wei-Bin; Pu, Pin-Ching; Sun, Andy; Chiang, Chun-Pin; Wang, Won-Bo</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Background. The Chinese herbal mixture, <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Hsien liquid (THL), has been used as an anticancer dietary supplement for more than 20 years. Our previous studies have shown that THL can modulate immune responseand inhibit tumor growth. In this study, we further evaluated the effect of THL on anticancer immune response in mice vaccinated with γ-ray-irradiated tumor cells. Methods. The antitumor effect of THL was determined in mice vaccinated with low-tumorigenic CT-26-low colon cancer cells or γ-ray-irradiated high-tumorigenic CT-26-high colon cancer cells. The number of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry. The tumor-killing activities of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were analyzed by flow cytometry using YAC-1 and CT-26-high cells, respectively, as target cells. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Results. THL suppressed the growth of CT-26-high tumor in mice previously vaccinated with low-tumorigenic CT-26-low cells or γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. THL increased the populations of NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes in the spleen and enhanced the tumor-killing activities of NK cells and CTL in mice vaccinated with γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. THL increased the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α in mice vaccinated with γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. Conclusion. THL can enhance the antitumor immune responses in mice vaccinated with killed tumor cells. These results suggest that THL may be used as a complementary medicine for cancer patients previously treated with killed tumor cell vaccines, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. PMID:27252074</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=light+AND+rays&pg=6&id=EJ020346','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=light+AND+rays&pg=6&id=EJ020346"><span><span class="hlt">CAI</span> Physics Experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lindsay, Robert E.</p> <p>1970-01-01</p> <p>Describes a novel instructional method for physics involving the use of a computer assisted instruction system equipped with cathode-ray-tube terminals, light pen, and keyboard input. Discusses exercises with regard to content, mediation, scoring and control. Several examples of exercises are given along with results from student evaluation. (LC)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890010483','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890010483"><span>Intelligent tutoring systems research in the training systems division: Space applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Regian, J. Wesley</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Computer-Aided Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a mature technology used to teach students in a wide variety of domains. The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology of the field of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has prompted research and development efforts in an area known as Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction (ICAI). In some cases, ICAI has been touted as a revolutionary alternative to traditional <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. With the advent of powerful, inexpensive school computers, ICAI is emerging as a potential rival to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. In contrast to this, one may conceive of Computer-Based Training (CBT) systems as lying along a continuum which runs from <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to ICAI. Although the key difference between the two is intelligence, there is not commonly accepted definition of what constitutes an intelligent instructional system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4821589','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4821589"><span>Sexual Risk Behavior Among Virologically Detectable Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Young Men Who Have Sex With Men</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wilson, Patrick A.; Kahana, Shoshana Y.; Fernandez, Maria Isabel; Harper, Gary W.; Mayer, Kenneth; Wilson, Craig M.; Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Importance Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses continue to increase among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Many YMSM living with HIV engage in sexual risk behaviors, and those who have a detectable viral load can transmit HIV to sex partners. Understanding factors that are related to sexual risk taking among virologically detectable (VL+) YMSM can inform prevention and treatment efforts. Objectives To describe differences between virologically suppressed (VL−) and VL+ YMSM living with HIV and to identify correlates of condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> among VL+ YMSM. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional survey conducted from December 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012, we studied 991 HIV-infected YMSM 15 to 26 years of age at 20 adolescent HIV clinics in the United States. Data analysis was conducted December 1, 2013, through July 31, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial assessments obtained using audio computer-assisted self-interviews. Viral load information was obtained via blood draw or medical record abstraction. Results Of the 991 participants, 688 (69.4%) were VL+ and 458 (46.2%) reported <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, with 310 (31.3%) reporting serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the past 3 months. The VL+ YMSM were more likely than the VL− YMSM to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (detectable, 266 [54.7%]; suppressed, 91 [44.4%]; P = .01) and serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (detectable, 187 [34.9%]; suppressed, 57 [25.0%]; P < .01). Multivariable analyses indicated that among VL+ YMSM, those reporting problematic substance use were more likely to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02-2.10) and serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.99). Black VL+ YMSM were less likely to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (AOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.90) or serodiscordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (AOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94) compared with other VL+ YMSM. In addition, VL+ YMSM who disclosed their HIV status to sex partners were more likely to report <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compared with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090710','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090710"><span>Chronic Ankle Instability and Neural Excitability of the Lower Extremity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McLeod, Michelle M; Gribble, Phillip A; Pietrosimone, Brian G</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Neuromuscular dysfunction of the leg and thigh musculature, including decreased strength and postural control, is common in patients with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Understanding how <span class="hlt">CAI</span> affects specific neural pathways may provide valuable information for targeted therapies. To investigate differences in spinal reflexive and corticospinal excitability of the fibularis longus and vastus medialis between limbs in patients with unilateral <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and between <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients and participants serving as healthy controls. Case-control study. Research laboratory. A total of 56 participants volunteered, and complete data for 21 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients (9 men, 12 women; age = 20.81 ± 1.63 years, height = 171.57 ± 11.44 cm, mass = 68.84 ± 11.93 kg) and 24 healthy participants serving as controls (7 men, 17 women; age = 22.54 ± 2.92 years, height = 172.35 ± 10.85 cm, mass = 69.15 ± 12.30 kg) were included in the final analyses. Control participants were matched to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients on sex, age, and limb dominance. We assigned "involved" limbs, which corresponded with the involved limbs of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients, to control participants. Spinal reflexive excitability was assessed via the Hoffmann reflex and normalized to a maximal muscle response. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Active motor threshold (AMT) was defined as the lowest transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity required to elicit motor-evoked potentials equal to or greater than 100 μV in 5 of 10 consecutive stimuli. We obtained motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) at percentages ranging from 100% to 140% of AMT. Fibularis longus MEP amplitudes were greater in control participants than in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients bilaterally at 100% AMT (control involved limb: 0.023 ± 0.031; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> involved limb: 0.014 ± 0.008; control uninvolved limb: 0.021 ± 0.022; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> uninvolved limb: 0.015 ± 0.007; F1,41 = 4.551, P = .04) and 105% AMT (control involved limb: 0.029 ± 0.026; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> involved limb: 0.021 ± 0</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401005','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401005"><span>Peroneal electromechanical delay and fatigue in patients with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Flevas, Dimitrios A; Bernard, Manfred; Ristanis, Stavros; Moraiti, Constantina; Georgoulis, Anastasios D; Pappas, Evangelos</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on electromechanical delay times (EMD) before and after fatigue. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is essential for the development of effective rehabilitation programmes. It was hypothesized that patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> will demonstrate prolonged EMD times compared to healthy subjects and that fatigue will cause greater increases in EMD times in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Twenty-one male volunteers participated in the study providing data on 16 ankles with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 26 with no history of ankle injury. EMD was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Measurements were taken with the ankle in neutral (0°) and at 30° of inversion. All subjects followed an isokinetic fatigue protocol until eversion torque fell below 50 % of initial torque for three consecutive repetitions. A 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA was used to calculate the effect of ankle status (<span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. healthy), fatigue, angle (0° vs. 30°) and their interactions on EMD. Fatigue caused a significant increase on EMD [non-fatigued: 122(29)ms vs. fatigue 155(54)ms; p < 0.001]. EMD times were shorter at 30° of inversion compared to neutral [neutral: 145(39)ms vs. 30° of inversion: 132(40)ms, p = 0.015]. An interaction effect for ankle status and angle was found (p = 0.026) with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ankles demonstrating longer EMD [<span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 156(45)ms vs. healthy: 133(40)ms] in neutral but not at 30° of inversion [<span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 133(46)ms vs. 132(33)ms]. Patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> had longer EMD times in neutral, but not when the ankle was placed in inversion. This suggests that rehabilitation programmes may be more effective when retraining occurs with the ankle in neutral position. It is likely that low EMD times prevent ankle acceleration at the beginning of the mechanism of injury, but they are less important when the ankle has already inverted at 30°. Both <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and healthy subjects demonstrated longer EMD after fatigue, emphasizing the importance of proper</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED335355.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED335355.pdf"><span>Drills vs. Games--Any Differences? A Pilot Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McMullen, David W.</p> <p></p> <p>This study investigated the effect of informational, drill, and game format computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on the achievement, retention, and attitude toward instruction of sixth-grade science students (N=37). An informational <span class="hlt">CAI</span> lesson on Halley's Comet was administered to three randomly selected groups of sixth-grade students. A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> drill…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3995109','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3995109"><span>Systematic review of chronic ankle instability in children</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a disabling condition often encountered after ankle injury. Three main components of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> exist; perceived instability; mechanical instability (increased ankle ligament laxity); and recurrent sprain. Literature evaluating <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has been heavily focused on adults, with little attention to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in children. Hence, the objective of this study was to systematically review the prevalence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in children. Methods Studies were retrieved from major databases from earliest records to March 2013. References from identified articles were also examined. Studies involving participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, classified by authors as children, were considered for inclusion. Papers investigating traumatic instability or instability arising from fractures were excluded. Two independent examiners undertook all stages of screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessments. Screening discrepancies were resolved by reaching consensus. Results Following the removal of duplicates, 14,263 papers were screened for eligibility against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine full papers were included in the review. Symptoms of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> evaluated included perceived and mechanical ankle instability along with recurrent ankle sprain. In children with a history of ankle sprain, perceived instability was reported in 23-71% whilst mechanical instability was found in 18-47% of children. A history of recurrent ankle sprain was found in 22% of children. Conclusion Due to the long-lasting impacts of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, future research into the measurement and incidence of ankle instability in children is recommended. PMID:24641786</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1913283S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1913283S"><span>Inventory and state of activity of rockglaciers in the Ile and Kungöy Ranges of Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan from satellite SAR interferometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Strozzi, Tazio; Caduff, Rafael; Kääb, Andreas; Bolch, Tobias</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The best visual expression of mountain permafrost are rockglaciers, which, in contrast to the permafrost itself, can be mapped and monitored directly using remotely sensed data. Studies carried out in various parts of the European Alps have shown surface acceleration of rockglaciers and even destabilization of several such landforms over the two last decades, potentially related to the changing permafrost creep conditions. Changes in rockglacier motion are therefore believed to be the most indicative short- to medium-term response of rockglaciers to environmental changes and thus an indicator of mountain permafrost conditions in general. The ESA DUE GlobPermafrost project develops, validates and implements EO products to support research communities and international organizations in their work on better understanding permafrost characteristics and dynamics. Within this project we are building up a worldwide long-term monitoring network of active rockglacier motion investigated using remote sensing techniques. All sites are analysed through a uniform set of data and methods, and results are thus comparable. In order to quantify the rate of movement and the relative changes over time we consider two remote sensing methods: (i) matching of repeat optical data and (ii) satellite radar interferometry. In this contribution, we focus on the potential of recent high spatial resolution SAR data for the analysis of periglacial processes in mountain environments with special attention to the Ile and Kungöy Ranges of Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan at the border between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, an area which contains a high number of large and comparably fast (> 1m/yr) rockglaciers and is of interest as dry-season water resource and source of natural hazards. As demonstrated in the past with investigations conducted in the Swiss Alps, the visual analysis of differential SAR interferograms can be employed for the rough estimation of the surface deformation rates of rockglaciers and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22250691','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22250691"><span>New directions in e-learning research in health professions education: Report of two symposia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Triola, Marc M; Huwendiek, Sören; Levinson, Anthony J; Cook, David A</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The use of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is rising across health professions education. Research to date is of limited use in guiding the implementation and selection of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> innovations. In the context of two symposia, systemic reviews were discussed that evaluate literature in Internet-based learning, Virtual Patients, and animations. Each session included a debate with the goal of reaching consensus on best current practices and future research. Thematic analysis of the discussions was performed to arrange the questions by theme, eliminate redundancy, and craft them into a cohesive narrative. The question analysis revealed that there are clear advantages to the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and that established educational theories should certainly inform the future development and selection of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tools. Schools adopting <span class="hlt">CAI</span> need to carefully consider the benefits, cost, available resources, and capacity for teachers and learners to accept change in their practice of education. Potential areas for future research should focus on the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> instructional features, integration of e-learning into existing curricula and with other modalities like simulation, and the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in assessment of higher-level outcomes. There are numerous opportunities for future research and it will be important to achieve consensus on important themes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA082996','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA082996"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction in the Context of the Advanced Instructional System. Part II. Materials Development Procedures and System Evaluation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1980-03-01</p> <p>authoring system which would provide a basis for the cost effective production of computer-assisted irstruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) materials, It addresses the definition...RESULTS- - ------------------- 58 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Materials Development Times - - - 5J <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Module Instructional Effectiveness -------- -- 59 First-Pass Module...CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ------ --- -- -- 70 Effectiveness of the Authoring System and Suggestions for Further Development - ----- --- -- --- 70</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.........5L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.........5L"><span>The impact of instructional design in a case-based, computer-assisted instruction module on learning liver pathology in a medical school pathology course</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Latham, Patricia S.</p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this quantitative experimental study was to test the impact of three learning interventions on student learning and satisfaction when the interventions were embedded in the instructional design of case-based, Computer-Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) modules for learning liver pathology in an in-class, self-study, laboratory exercise during a Year-2 medical school Pathology course. The hypothesis was that inclusion of the learning interventions would enhance student satisfaction in using the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and improve subsequent <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-directed exam performance. Three learning interventions were studied, including the use of microscopic virtual slides instead of only static images, the use of interactive image annotations instead of only still annotations, and the use of guiding questions before presenting new information. Students were randomly assigned to with one of eight <span class="hlt">CAI</span> learning modules configured to control for each of the three learning interventions. Effectiveness of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for student learning was assessed by student performance on questions included in subsequent <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-directed exams in a pretest and on posttests immediately after the lab exercise, at two weeks and two months. Student satisfaction and perceived learning was assessed by a student survey. Results showed that the learning interventions did not improve subsequent student exam performance, although satisfaction and perceived learning with use of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> learning modules was enhanced. Student class rank was evaluated to determine if the learning interventions might have a differential effect based on class rank, but there were no significant differences. Class rank at the time of the lab exercise was itself the strongest predictor of exam performance. The findings suggest that the addition of virtual slides, interactive annotations and guiding questions as learning interventions in self-study, case-based <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for learning liver pathology in a medical class room setting are not likely to increase</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030062961','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030062961"><span>Blowing in the Wind: II. Creation and Redistribution of Refractory Inclusions in a Turbulent Protoplanetary Nebula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.; Davis, Sanford S.; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Ca-A1 rich refractory mineral inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) found at 1-6% mass fraction in primitive chondrites appear to be 1-3 million years older than the dominant (chondrule) components which were accreted into the same parent bodies. A prevalent concern is that it is difficult to retain <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> for this long against gas-drag-induced radial drift into the sun. We reassess the situation in terms of a hot inner (turbulent) nebula context for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation, using analytical models of nebula evolution and particle diffusion. We show that outward radial diffusion in a weakly turbulent nebula can overwhelm inward drift, and prevent significant numbers of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-size particles from being lost into the sun for times on the order of 10(exp 6) years. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> can form early, when the inner nebula was hot, and persist in sufficient abundance to be incorporated into primitive planetesimals at a much later time. Small (less than or approximately 0.1 mm diameter) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> persist for longer times than large (greater than or approximately 5mm diameter ones. To obtain a quantitative match to the observed volume fractions of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in chondrites, another process must be allowed for: a substantial enhancement of the inner hot nebula in silicate-forming material, which we suggest was caused by rapid inward drift of meter-sized objects. This early in nebula history, the drifting rubble would have a carbon content probably an order of magnitude larger than even the most primitive (CI) carbonaceous chondrites. Abundant carbon in the evaporating material would help keep the nebula oxygen fugacity low, plausibly solar; as inferred for the formation environment of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The associated production of a larger than canonical amount of CO2 might also play a role in mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes, leaving the gas rich in O-16 as inferred from <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and other high temperature condensates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED086223.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED086223.pdf"><span>A Concept For a Primary Author's Language (PAL-X)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ripota, Peter</p> <p></p> <p>A Primary Author's Language (PAL-X) has been developed to serve as a documentation language for computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) programs. Its development was necessary to permit the dissemination of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> given the facts that: 1)existing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs were written in over 60 languages; 2)the system for COURSEWRITER II, the most commonly used…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED088465.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED088465.pdf"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction In Dental Diagnosis; A Systematic Product Development.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Barber, Thomas K.; Sokolow, Sonya</p> <p></p> <p>A developmental project created and field tested a computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) unit in dental diagnosis. The main objectives were to determine 1) if, after having received <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, the dental student could determine whether a patient had a clinical need for space management and 2) if the dental student's attitude toward <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and space…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED071453.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED071453.pdf"><span>Markets and Models for Large-Scale Courseware Development.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bunderson, C. Victor</p> <p></p> <p>Computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is not making an important, visible impact on the educational system of this country. Though its instructional value has been proven time after time, the high cost of the hardware and the lack of quality courseware is preventing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from becoming a market success. In order for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to reach its market potential…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Software+AND+Requirement+AND+Specification&pg=6&id=ED242294','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Software+AND+Requirement+AND+Specification&pg=6&id=ED242294"><span>Microcomputer Based Computer-Assisted Learning System: CASTLE.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Garraway, R. W. T.</p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which a sophisticated computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) system could be implemented on the type of microcomputer system currently found in the schools. A method was devised for comparing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> languages and was used to rank five common <span class="hlt">CAI</span> languages. The highest ranked language, NATAL,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25284435','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25284435"><span>Brain responses to sexual images in 46,XY women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome are female-typical.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hamann, Stephan; Stevens, Jennifer; Vick, Janice Hassett; Bryk, Kristina; Quigley, Charmian A; Berenbaum, Sheri A; Wallen, Kim</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Androgens, estrogens, and sex chromosomes are the major influences guiding sex differences in brain development, yet their relative roles and importance remain unclear. Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) offer a unique opportunity to address these issues. Although women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> have a Y chromosome, testes, and produce male-typical levels of androgens, they lack functional androgen receptors preventing responding to their androgens. Thus, they develop a female physical phenotype, are reared as girls, and develop into women. Because sexually differentiated brain development in primates is determined primarily by androgens, but may be affected by sex chromosome complement, it is currently unknown whether brain structure and function in women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> is more like that of women or men. In the first functional neuroimaging study of (46,XY) women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, typical (46,XX) women, and typical (46, XY) men, we found that men showed greater amygdala activation to sexual images than did either typical women or women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. Typical women and women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> had highly similar patterns of brain activation, indicating that a Y chromosome is insufficient for male-typical human brain responses. Because women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> produce male-typical or elevated levels of testosterone which is aromatized to estradiol these results rule out aromatization of testosterone to estradiol as a determinate of sex differences in patterns of brain activation to sexual images. We cannot, however, rule out an effect of social experience on the brain responses of women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> as all were raised as girls. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8670407','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8670407"><span>Evidence for Widespread 26Al in the Solar Nebula and Constraints for Nebula Time Scales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Russell; Srinivasan; Huss; Wasserburg; MacPherson</p> <p>1996-08-09</p> <p>A search was made for 26Mg (26Mg*) from the decay of 26Al (half-life = 0.73 million years) in Al-rich objects from unequilibrated ordinary chondrites. Two Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) and two Al-rich chondrules (not <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) were found that contained 26Al when they formed. Internal isochrons for the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> yielded an initial 26Al/27Al ratio [(26Al/27Al)0] of 5 x 10(-5), indistinguishable from most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in carbonaceous chondrites. This result shows that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with this level of 26Al are present throughout the classes of chondrites and strengthens the notion that 26Al was widespread in the early solar system. The two Al-rich chondrules have lower 26Mg*, corresponding to a (26Al/27Al)0 ratio of approximately 9 x 10(-6). Five other Al-rich chondrules contain no resolvable 26Mg*. If chondrules and <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed from an isotopically homogeneous reservoir, then the chondrules with 26Al must have formed or been last altered approximately2 million years after <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed; the 26Mg*-free chondrules formed >1 to 3 million years later still. Because 26Mg*-containing and 26Mg*-free chondrules are both found in Chainpur, which was not heated to more than approximately400°C, it follows that parent body metamorphism cannot explain the absence of 26Mg* in some of these chondrules. Rather, its absence indicates that the lifetime of the solar nebula over which <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and chondrules formed extended over approximately5 million years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11918358','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11918358"><span>Tutor versus computer: a prospective comparison of interactive tutorial and computer-assisted instruction in radiology education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lieberman, Gillian; Abramson, Richard; Volkan, Kevin; McArdle, Patricia J</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>This study compared the educational effectiveness of an interactive tutorial with that of interactive computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and determined the effects of personal preference, learning style, and level of training. Fifty-four medical students and four radiology residents were prospectively, randomly assigned to receive instruction from different sections of an interactive tutorial and an interactive <span class="hlt">CAI</span> module. Participants took tests of factual knowledge at the beginning and end of the instruction and a test of visual diagnosis at the end. They completed questionnaires to evaluate their preferred learning styles objectively and to elicit their subjective attitudes toward the two formats. Mean test scores of the tutorial and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> groups were compared by means of analysis of covariance and two-tailed repeated-measures F test. Both the tutorial and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> groups demonstrated significant improvement in posttest scores (P < .01 and P < .01, respectively) with the tutorial group's mean posttest score marginally but significantly higher (32.84 vs 28.13, P < .001). There were no significant interaction effects with participants' year of training (P = .845), objectively evaluated preferred learning style (P = .312), subjectively elicited attitude toward learning with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (P = .703), or visual diagnosis score (tutorial, 7.61; CD-ROM, 7.75; P = .79). Interactive tutorial and optimal <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are both effective instructional formats. The tutorial was marginally but significantly more effective at teaching factual knowledge, an effect unrelated to students' year of training, learning style, or stated enjoyment of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The superiority of the tutorial is expected to increase when it is compared with commercially expedient <span class="hlt">CAI</span> modules.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011253','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011253"><span>Does Oxygen Isotopic Heterogeneity in Refractory Inclusions and Their Wark-Lovering Rims Record Nebular Repressing?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Simon, J. I.; Matzel, J. E. P.; Simon, S. B.; Weber, P. K.; Grossman, L.; Ross, D. K.; Hutcheon, I. D.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Large systematic variations in O-isotopic compositions found within individual mineral layers of rims surrounding Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) and at the margins of some <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> imply formation from distinct environments [e.g., 1-3]. The O-isotope compositions of many <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> preserve a record of the Solar nebula gas believed to initially be O-16-rich (delta O-17 less than or equal to -25%0) [4-5]. Data from a recent study of the compact Type A Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, A37, preserve a diffusion profile in the outermost 70 micrometers of the inclusion and show greater than 25%0 variations in delta O-17 within its 100 micrometer-thick Wark-Lovering rim (WL-rim) [3]. This and comparable heterogeneity measured in several other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have been explained by isotopic mixing between the O-16-rich Solar reservoir and a second O-16-poor reservoir (probably nebular gas) with a planetary-like isotopic composition, e.g., [1,2,3,6]. However, there is mineralogical and isotopic evidence from the interiors of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, in particular those from Allende, for parent body alteration. At issue is how to distinguish the record of secondary reprocessing in the nebula from that which occurred on the parent body. We have undertaken the task to study a range of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> types with varying mineralogies, in part, to address this problem.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775984','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775984"><span>Static Postural Stability in Chronic Ankle Instability, An Ankle Sprain and Healthy Ankles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kwon, Yong Ung</p> <p>2018-05-18</p> <p>To identify the single leg balance (SLB) test that discriminates among healthy, coper, and chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) groups and to determine effects of ankle muscles on the balance error scoring system (BESS) among the three populations. 60 subjects (20 per group) performed the SLB test with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Normalized mean amplitude (NMA) of the tibia anterior (TA), fibularis longus (FL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles and BESS were measured while performing the SLB test. The coper group had a lower error score than the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group in the EC. NMA was greater in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group compared to in the healthy and coper groups regardless of muscle type. NMA of the TA was less than the PL and MG regardless of the group in the EO. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group demonstrated greater NMAs of the PL and MG than the healthy and coper groups in the EC. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group demonstrated greater NMA of the PL and MG by compensating their ankle muscles in the EO and EC. BESS suggests that the coper group may have coping mechanisms to stabilize static postural control compared to the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. The EC may be better to detect static postural instability in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or coper group. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27065189','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27065189"><span>Neural Excitability and Joint Laxity in Chronic Ankle Instability, Coper, and Control Groups.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bowker, Samantha; Terada, Masafumi; Thomas, Abbey C; Pietrosimone, Brian G; Hiller, Claire E; Gribble, Phillip A</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Neuromuscular and mechanical deficiencies are commonly studied in participants with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Few investigators have attempted to comprehensively consider sensorimotor and mechanical differences among people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers who did not present with prolonged dysfunctions after an initial ankle sprain, and a healthy control group. To determine if differences exist in spinal reflex excitability and ankle laxity among participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers, and healthy controls. Case-control study. Research laboratory. Thirty-seven participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 30 participants categorized as copers, and 26 healthy control participants. We assessed spinal reflex excitability of the soleus using the Hoffmann reflex protocol. Participants' ankle laxity was measured with an instrumented ankle arthrometer. The maximum Hoffmann reflex : maximal muscle response ratio was calculated. Ankle laxity was measured as the total displacement in the anterior-posterior directions (mm) and total rotation in the inversion and eversion directions (°). Spinal reflex excitability was diminished in participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compared with copers and control participants (P = .01). No differences were observed among any of the groups for ankle laxity. Changes in the spinal reflex excitability of the soleus that likely affect ankle stability were seen only in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group, yet no mechanical differences were noted across the groups. These findings support the importance of finding effective ways to increase spinal reflex excitability for the purpose of treating neural excitability dysfunction in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27103406','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27103406"><span>Oxidative stress, microRNAs and cytosolic calcium homeostasis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Magenta, Alessandra; Dellambra, Elena; Ciarapica, Roberta; Capogrossi, Maurizio C</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Reactive oxygen species increase cytosolic [Ca(2+)], (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>), and also modulate the expression of some microRNAs (miRNAs), however the link among oxidative stress, miRNAs and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> is poorly characterized. In this review we have focused on three groups of miRNAs: (a) miRNAs that are modulated both by ROS and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>: miR-181a and miR-205; (b) miRNAs that are modulated by ROS and have an effect on <span class="hlt">Cai</span>: miR-1, miR-21, miR-24, miR-25, miR-185 and miR-214; (c) miRNAs that modulate both ROS and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>: miR-133; miR-145, miR-495, and we have analyzed their effects on cell signaling and cell function. Finally, in the last section we have examined the role of these miRNAs in the skin, under conditions associated with enhanced oxidative stress, i.e. skin aging, the response to ultraviolet light and two important skin diseases, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. It is apparent that although some experimental evidence is already available on (a) the role of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in miRNAs expression and (b) on the ability of some miRNAs to modulate <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-dependent intracellular signaling, these research lines are still largely unexplored and represent important areas of future studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Geote..41..130K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Geote..41..130K"><span>Morphologic expression of Quaternary deformation in the northwestern foothills of the Ysyk-Köl basin, <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Korjenkov, A. M.; Povolotskaya, I. E.; Mamyrov, E.</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan is one of the most active intracontinental mountain belts exhibiting numerous examples of Quaternary fault-related folding. To provide insight into the deformation of the Quaternary intermontane basins, the territory of the northwestern Ysyk-Köl region, where the growing Ak-Teke Anticline divided the piedmont apron of alluvial fans, is studied. It is shown that the Ak-Teke Hills are a sharply asymmetric anticline, which formed as a result of tectonic uplift and erosion related to motions along the South Ak-Teke Thrust Fault. The tectonic uplift gave rise to the local deviation of the drainage network in front of the northern limb of the fold. Optical (luminescent) dating suggests that the tectonic uplifting of the young anticline and the antecedent downcutting started 157 ka ago. The last upthrow of the high floodplain of the Toru-Aygyr River took place 1300 years ago. The structure of the South Ak-Teke Fault is examined by means of seismologic trenching and shallow seismic profiling across the fault. A laser tachymeter is applied to determine the vertical deformation of alluvial terraces in the Toru-Aygyr River valley at its intersection with the South Ak-Teke Fault. The rates of vertical deformation and an inferred number of strong earthquakes, which resulted in the upthrow of Quaternary river terraces of different ages, are calculated. The study territory is an example of changes in fluvial systems on growing folds in piedmont regions. As a result of shortening of the Earth’s crust in the mountainous belt owing to thrusting, new territories of previous sedimentation are involved in emergence. The tectonic activity migrates with time from the framing ridges toward the axial parts of intramontane basins.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4641540','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4641540"><span>Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Houston, Megan N.; Hoch, Johanna M.; Hoch, Matthew C.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Context  A comprehensive systematic literature review of the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) differences among individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), ankle-sprain copers, and healthy control participants has not been conducted. It could provide a better indication of the self-reported deficits that may be present in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Objective  To systematically summarize the extent to which HRQOL deficits are present in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Data Sources  We searched for articles in the electronic databases of EBSCO Host and PubMed Central using key words chronic, functional, mechanical, coper, instability, sprains, and patient-assessed. We also performed a hand search of reference lists, authors, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of the articles screened for inclusion. Study Selection  Studies were included if they (1) incorporated a PRO as a participant descriptor or as a study outcome to compare adults with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to ankle-sprain copers or healthy controls, (2) were written in English, and (3) were published in peer-reviewed journals. Data Extraction  Two authors independently assessed methodologic quality using the modified Downs and Black Index. Articles were filtered into 3 categories based on between-groups comparisons: <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and copers, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and healthy control participants, copers and healthy participants. We calculated Hedges g effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals to examine PRO group differences. Data Synthesis  Of the 124 studies assessed for eligibility, 27 were included. A total of 24 articles compared PROs in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and healthy controls, 7 compared individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and copers, and 4 compared copers and healthy controls. Quality scores on the modified Downs and Black Index ranged from 52.9% to 88.2%, with 8 high-, 16 moderate-, and 3 low-quality studies. Overall, we observed moderate to strong evidence that individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> displayed deficits on generic and region-specific PROs compared with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1022885','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1022885"><span>Renewed Search for FUN (Fractionated and Unidentified Nuclear Effects) in Primitive Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tollstrup, D L; Wimpenny, J B; Yin, Q -</p> <p></p> <p>Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) found in primitive chondrites record processes and conditions of the earliest solar system as they are the oldest known solid objects formed in the solar system [1,2]. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with fractionation and unidentified nuclear anomalies (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>; [3]) are very rare and thusfar found exclusively in CV carbonaceous chondrites (e.g., Allende and Vigarano)[4]. FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are characterized by large nucleosynthetic anomalies in several elements (Ca, Ti, Si, Sr, Ba, Nd, and Sm), large mass-dependant isotope fractionation (Mg, Si, and O), and very little initial {sup 26}Al [4,5 and reference therein]. Formation of FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by thermal processing ofmore » presolar dust aggregates prior to the injection of {sup 26}Al into the protoplanetary disk has been proposed. More recently [5] proposed that FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed from a protosolar molecular cloud after injection of {sup 26}Al but before {sup 26}Al and {sup 27}Al were completely homogenized. Therefore discovering more FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> to perform U-Pb and other short-lived chronometric dating will provide key constraints on the age of the solar system, the isotopic composition of the protosolar molecular cloud, the earliest stages of the thermal processing in the solar system and the timing of {sup 26}Al and other short-lived radionuclide injection into the nascent solar system. Most known FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> were discovered and studied > 30 yr ago, and their isotope ratios determined using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Most of these FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> were almost or entirely consumed during their respective analyses. [5] recently identified a new FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (NWA 779 KS-1) based on O and Mg isotope ratios determined by SIMS and MCICPMS, respectively. We have initiated a systematic search for FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in primitive chondrites, taking advantage of the large mass-dependant Mg isotope effects known for FUN inclusions with little or no inferred {sup 26}Al. Our strategy is to use newly developed sample cells capable of holding very</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1016416','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1016416"><span>Verification of Spatial Forecasts of Continuous Meteorological Variables Using Categorical and Object-Based Methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Using Categorical and Object-Based Methods by John W Raby and Huaqing <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Approved for public release; distribution...by John W Raby and Huaqing <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Computational and Information Sciences Directorate, ARL Approved for public release...AUTHOR(S) John W Raby and Huaqing <span class="hlt">Cai</span> 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....1356S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....1356S"><span>Measurements of radiatively active tropo-stratospheric constituents over the northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (Kyrgyzstan)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Semenov, V.; Sinyakov, V.; Aref'ev, V.; Kashin, F.; Kamenogradsky, N.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>The results of long-term (from 15 to 22 years) continuous measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor and carbon dioxide total contents in the atmosphere; and of its spectral transparency in the visible range and aerosol optical depth are presented. The measurements were carried out on Issyk Kul station (42.6 N, 77 E, 1650 m a.s.l.) in center of the Eurasian continent (Northern <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, the Issyk Kul lake) by the spectroscopic method with the use of the sun as a radiation source. Issyk Kul station belong NDSC complementary network. Total ozone is determined by the multiwave method according to the results of solar radiation absorption measurements at 6 wave lengths: 303.3; 305.2; 308.6; 311.0; 313.8 and 315.0 nm coinciding with maxima in the spectrum having a quasilinear structure. The method of CO2 measurements is based on the measurement of solar radiation transmission through the atmosphere with a mean spectral resolution of about 3 cm-1 in the carbon dioxide absorption band with the center near 2.06 micron. The measurement results obtained by this method have low sensitivity to CO2 local sources-sinks. To control water vapor content by the spectroscopic method a narrow section (about 2.04 micron) of the atmospheric spectrum was registered in the wing of CO2 absorption band with the center at about 2.06 micron. Such a choice of the spectrum section provides simultaneous determination of H2O and CO2 contents with one and the same record of a solar radiation spectrum. The measurements of total nitrogen dioxide were carried out with the use of the spectroscopic instrumentation set by the three-wave-length twilight method. For determining NO2 the intensity of the solar radiation at the wave lengths of 437.6, 439.8 and 442.0 nm scattered in the atmosphere were registered at the zenith angles of 85-92 degrees at sunrise and sunset. The changes of mean monthly and annual values of the atmospheric components studied were considered. Seasonal and other</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhDT.......193B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhDT.......193B"><span>A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in science education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bayraktar, Sule</p> <p>2000-10-01</p> <p>The purposes of this study were to determine whether Computer-Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) had an overall positive effect on student achievement in secondary and college level science education when compared with traditional forms of instruction and to determine whether specific study or program characteristics were related to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> effectiveness. This study employed a meta analytic research approach. First, the research studies comparing student achievement between <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and traditional instruction in science were located by using electronic search databases. The search resulted in 42 studies producing 108 effect sizes. Second, the study features and effect sizes for each study were coded. Finally, the effect sizes provided from each study were combined to provide an overall effect size, and relationships between effect sizes and study features were then examined. The overall effect size was found to be 0.273 standard deviations, suggesting that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has a small positive effect on student achievement in science education at the college and secondary levels when compared with traditional forms of instruction. An effect size of 0.273 standard deviations indicates that an average student exposed to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> exceeded the performance of 62% of the students who were taught by using traditional instructional methods. In other words, the typical student moved from the 50th percentile to the 62 nd percentile in science when <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was used. All variables excluding school level and publication status were found to be related to effect sizes. According to the results of the analysis, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was most effective in physics education and had little effect on chemistry and biology achievement. Simulation and tutorial programs had significant effects on student achievement in science education but drill and practice was not found effective. The results also indicated that individual utilization of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was preferable. Another finding from the study is that experimenter-developed software was more</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28254684','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28254684"><span>Attention is associated with postural control in those with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rosen, Adam B; Than, Nicholas T; Smith, William Z; Yentes, Jennifer M; McGrath, Melanie L; Mukherjee, Mukul; Myers, Sara A; Maerlender, Arthur C</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is often debilitating and may be affected by a number of intrinsic and environmental factors. Alterations in neurocognitive function and attention may contribute to repetitive injury in those with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and influence postural control strategies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in attentional functioning and static postural control among groups of Comparison, Coper and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants and assess the relationship between them within each of the groups. Recruited participants performed single-limb balance trials and completed the CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS) computer-based assessment to assess their attentional function. Center of pressure (COP) velocity (COPv) and maximum range (COPr), in both the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions were calculated from force plate data. Simple attention (SA), which measures self-regulation and attention control was extracted from the CNSVS. Data from 45 participants (15 in each group, 27=female, 18=male) was analyzed for this study. No significant differences were observed between attention or COP variables among each of the groups. However, significant relationships were present between attention and COP variables within the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants displayed significant moderate to large correlations between SA and AP COPr (r=-0.59, p=0.010), AP COPv (r=-0.48, p=0.038) and ML COPr (r=-0.47, p=0.034). The results suggest a linear relationship of stability and attention in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Attentional self-regulation may moderate how those with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> control postural stability. Incorporating neurocognitive training focused on attentional control may improve outcomes in those with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075132','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075132"><span>Web-based training: a new paradigm in computer-assisted instruction in medicine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haag, M; Maylein, L; Leven, F J; Tönshoff, B; Haux, R</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) programs based on internet technologies, especially on the world wide web (WWW), provide new opportunities in medical education. The aim of this paper is to examine different aspects of such programs, which we call 'web-based training (WBT) programs', and to differentiate them from conventional <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs. First, we will distinguish five different interaction types: presentation; browsing; tutorial dialogue; drill and practice; and simulation. In contrast to conventional <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, there are four architectural types of WBT programs: client-based; remote data and knowledge; distributed teaching; and server-based. We will discuss the implications of the different architectures for developing WBT software. WBT programs have to meet other requirements than conventional <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs. The most important tools and programming languages for developing WBT programs will be listed and assigned to the architecture types. For the future, we expect a trend from conventional <span class="hlt">CAI</span> towards WBT programs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28391722','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28391722"><span>Eversion Strength and Surface Electromyography Measures With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability Measured in 2 Positions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Donnelly, Lindsy; Donovan, Luke; Hart, Joseph M; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) have demonstrated strength deficits compared to healthy controls; however, the influence of ankle position on force measures and surface electromyography (sEMG) activation of the peroneus longus and brevis has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare sEMG amplitudes of the peroneus longus and brevis and eversion force measures in 2 testing positions, neutral and plantarflexion, in groups with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Twenty-eight adults (19 females, 9 males) with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 28 healthy controls (19 females, 9 males) participated. Hand-held dynamometer force measures were assessed during isometric eversion contractions in 2 testing positions (neutral, plantarflexion) while surface sEMG amplitudes of the peroneal muscles were recorded. Force measures were normalized to body mass, and sEMG amplitudes were normalized to a resting period. The group with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> demonstrated less force when compared to the control group ( P < .001) in both the neutral and plantarflexion positions: neutral position, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 1.64 Nm/kg and control: 2.10 Nm/kg) and plantarflexion position, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 1.40 Nm/kg and control: 1.73 Nm/kg). There were no differences in sEMG amplitudes between the groups or muscles ( P > .05). Force measures correlated with both muscles' sEMG amplitudes in the healthy group (neutral peroneus longus: r = 0.42, P = .03; plantarflexion peroneus longus: r = 0.56, P = .002; neutral peroneus brevis: r = 0.38, P = .05; plantarflexion peroneus longus: r = 0.40, P = .04), but not in the group with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ( P > .05). The group with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> generated less force when compared to the control group during both testing positions. There was no selective activation of the peroneal muscles with testing in both positions, and force output and sEMG activity was only related in the healthy group. Clinicians should assess eversion strength and implement strength training exercises in different sagittal plane positions and evaluate for other</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030054489','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030054489"><span>Blowing in the Wind: II. Creation and Redistribution of Refractory Inclusions in a Turbulent Protoplanetary Nebula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.; Davis, Sanford S.; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Ca-Al rich refractory mineral inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) found at 1-6% mass fraction in primitive chondrites appear to be 1-3 million years older than the dominant (chondrule) components which were accreted into the same parent bodies. A prevalent concern is that it is difficult to retain <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> for this long against gas-drag-induced radial drift into the sun. We reassess the situation in terms of a hot inner (turbulent) nebula context for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation, using analytical models of nebula evolution and particle diffusion. We show that outward radial diffusion in a weakly turbulent nebula can overwhelm inward drift, and prevent significant numbers of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-size particles from being lost into the sun for times on the order of 10(exp 6) years. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> can form early, when the inner nebula was hot, and persist in sufficient abundance to be incorporated into primitive planetesimals at a much later time. Small (less than or approx. equal to 0.1 mm diameter) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> persist for longer times than large (greater than or approx. equal to 5mm diameter ones). To obtain a quantitative match t o the observed volume fractions of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in chondrites, another process must be allowed for: a substantial enhancement of the inner hot nebula in silicate-forming material, which we suggest was caused by rapid inward drift of meter-sized objects. This early in nebula history, the drifting rubble would have a carbon content probably an order of magnitude larger than even the most primitive (CI) carbonaceous chondrites. Abundant carbon in the evaporating material would help keep the nebula oxygen fugacity low, plausably solar, as inferred for the formation environment of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The associated production of a larger than canonical amount of CO2 might also play a role in mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes, leaving the gas rich in l60 as inferred from <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and other high temperature condensates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2075460','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2075460"><span>Remodelling of action potential and intracellular calcium cycling dynamics during subacute myocardial infarction promotes ventricular arrhythmias in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chou, Chung-Chuan; Zhou, Shengmei; Hayashi, Hideki; Nihei, Motoki; Liu, Yen-Bin; Wen, Ming-Shien; Yeh, San-Jou; Fishbein, Michael C; Weiss, James N; Lin, Shien-Fong; Wu, Delon; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>We hypothesize that remodelling of action potential and intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) dynamics in the peri-infarct zone contributes to ventricular arrhythmogenesis in the postmyocardial infarction setting. To test this hypothesis, we performed simultaneous optical mapping of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> and membrane potential (Vm) in the left ventricle in 15 rabbit hearts with myocardial infarction for 1 week. Ventricular premature beats frequently originated from the peri-infarct zone, and 37% showed elevation of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> prior to Vm depolarization, suggesting reverse excitation–contraction coupling as their aetiology. During electrically induced ventricular fibrillation, the highest dominant frequency was in the peri-infarct zone in 61 of 70 episodes. The site of highest dominant frequency had steeper action potential duration restitution and was more susceptible to pacing-induced <span class="hlt">Cai</span> alternans than sites remote from infarct. Wavebreaks during ventricular fibrillation tended to occur at sites of persistently elevated <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. Infusion of propranolol flattened action potential duration restitution, reduced wavebreaks and converted ventricular fibrillation to ventricular tachycardia. We conclude that in the subacute phase of myocardial infarction, the peri-infarct zone exhibits regions with steep action potential duration restitution slope and unstable <span class="hlt">Cai</span> dynamics. These changes may promote ventricular extrasystoles and increase the incidence of wavebreaks during ventricular fibrillation. Whereas increased tissue heterogeneity after subacute myocardial infarction creates a highly arrhythmogenic substrate, dynamic action potential and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> cycling remodelling also contribute to the initiation and maintenance of ventricular fibrillation in this setting. PMID:17272354</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999IJEaS..88...38B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999IJEaS..88...38B"><span>Tectono-thermal evolution in a region with thin-skinned tectonics: the western nappes in the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan belt of NW Spain)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bastida, F.; Brime, C.; García-López, S.; Sarmiento, G. N.</p> <p></p> <p>The palaeotemperature distribution in the transition from diagenesis to metamorphism in the western nappes of the Cantabrian Zone (Somiedo, La Sobia and Aramo Units) are analysed by conodont colour alteration index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and illite crystallinity (IC). Structural and stratigraphic control in distribution of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and IC values is observed. Both <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and IC value distributions show that anchizonal conditions are reached in the lower part of the Somiedo Unit. A disruption of the thermal trend by basal thrusts is evidenced by <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and IC values. There is an apparent discrepancy between the IC and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values in Carboniferous rocks of the Aramo Unit; the IC has mainly anchizonal values, whereas the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has diagenetic values. Discrepant IC values are explained as a feature inherited from the source area. In the Carboniferous rocks of the La Sobia Unit, both IC and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> indicate diagenetic conditions. The anchimetamorphism predated completion of emplacement of the major nappes; it probably developed previously and/or during the early stages of motion of the units. Temperature probably decreased when the metamorphosed zones of the sheets rose along ramps and were intensely eroded. In the context of the Iberian Variscan belt, influence of tectonic factors on the metamorphism is greater in the internal parts, where the strain and cleavage are always present, than in the external parts (Cantabrian Zone), where brittle deformation and rock translation are dominant, with an increasing role of the burial on the metamorphism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950012907&hterms=bricks&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dbricks','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950012907&hterms=bricks&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dbricks"><span>A ceramic/slag interface as an analog for accretion of hot refractory objects and rim formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Paque, J. M.; Bunch, T. E.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Refractory inclusions or Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s) from carbonaceous chondrites span a wide range of bulk compositions that cannot be explained either by segregation from a gas of solar composition at different points in the condensation sequence or by fractional crystallization from a parent liquid. <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s are commonly rimmed by Wark-Lovering (W-L) rims, a series of nearly monomineralic layers that have been a source of controversy since the variety of rim sequences occurring on different types of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s from Allende were described. The origin of these distinctive features has not yet been resolved, with proponents of accretion, condensation, flash heating, ablation, evaporation, etc. Rims have generated considerable interest because they potentially contain clues to conditions experienced by <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s after the formation of the inclusion and prior to incorporation into the parent body. Ceramic bricks in contact with hot steel slag may produce reaction products in rimlike fashion similar to those found in <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s. The similarity between the mineralogy of blast furnace slags and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s has long been recognized, with both containing unusual phases not found in terrestrial materials. We provide here a comparison between a ceramic brick/slag multiple-layered interface and a multiple-layered interface between a melilite-perovskite object and a melilite-spinel object in the Allende inclusion USNM 4691-1. These results have implications in interpreting the origin of rims and the textures and compositions of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1394746-activation-thermodynamics-kinetic-isotope-effect-hox-hred-h+-transition-fefe-hydrogenase','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1394746-activation-thermodynamics-kinetic-isotope-effect-hox-hred-h+-transition-fefe-hydrogenase"><span>Activation Thermodynamics and H/D Kinetic Isotope Effect of the H ox to H red H + Transition in [FeFe] Hydrogenase</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W.; Wilker, Molly B.; Mulder, David W.</p> <p></p> <p>Molecular complexes between CdSe nanocrystals and Clostridium acetobutylicum [FeFe] hydrogenase I (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) enabled light-driven control of electron transfer for spectroscopic detection of redox intermediates during catalytic proton reduction. Here in this paper we address the route of electron transfer from CdSe→CaI and activation thermodynamics of the initial step of proton reduction in <span class="hlt">CaI</span>. The electron paramagnetic spectroscopy of illuminated CdSe:CaI showed how the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> accessory FeS cluster chain (F-clusters) functions in electron transfer with CdSe. The H ox→H redH + reduction step measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed an enthalpy of activation of 19 kJ mol -1 and a ~2.5-foldmore » kinetic isotope effect. Overall these results support electron injection from CdSe into <span class="hlt">CaI</span> involving F-clusters, and that the H ox→H redH + step of catalytic proton reduction in <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proceeds by a proton-dependent process.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28851216','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28851216"><span>Activation Thermodynamics and H/D Kinetic Isotope Effect of the Hox to HredH+ Transition in [FeFe] Hydrogenase.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W; Wilker, Molly B; Mulder, David W; Lubner, Carolyn E; Hamby, Hayden; Brown, Katherine A; Dukovic, Gordana; King, Paul W</p> <p>2017-09-20</p> <p>Molecular complexes between CdSe nanocrystals and Clostridium acetobutylicum [FeFe] hydrogenase I (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) enabled light-driven control of electron transfer for spectroscopic detection of redox intermediates during catalytic proton reduction. Here we address the route of electron transfer from CdSe→CaI and activation thermodynamics of the initial step of proton reduction in <span class="hlt">CaI</span>. The electron paramagnetic spectroscopy of illuminated CdSe:CaI showed how the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> accessory FeS cluster chain (F-clusters) functions in electron transfer with CdSe. The H ox →H red H + reduction step measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed an enthalpy of activation of 19 kJ mol -1 and a ∼2.5-fold kinetic isotope effect. Overall, these results support electron injection from CdSe into <span class="hlt">CaI</span> involving F-clusters, and that the H ox →H red H + step of catalytic proton reduction in <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proceeds by a proton-dependent process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11105402','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11105402"><span>The effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in teaching nursing students about congenital heart disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rouse, D P</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>This study compared the effectiveness of three instructional intervention strategies for teaching nursing students about congenital heart disease (CHD). They are: (1) computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), (2) traditional class room lecture (TCL); and (3) the combination of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and TCL. The subjects were associate degree nursing (ADN) students enrolled in a pediatric nursing course at the University of Cincinnati Raymond Walters College. Differences between pre- and post-scores on a 20-item multiple choice test were analyzed by analysis of variance. There was a significant improvement in scores for all groups but no significant difference in improvement in scores between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group and the TCL group. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span>/TCL group showed significant improvement in scores compared with the other two groups. The researcher concluded that when teaching strategies are comparable, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is as effective as TCL. Used together, a significant improvement is seen in student performance than when either strategy is used alone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28799810','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28799810"><span>Acute effects of whole body vibration on balance in persons with and without chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rendos, Nicole K; Jun, Hyung-Pil; Pickett, Nancy M; Lew Feirman, Karen; Harriell, Kysha; Lee, Sae Yong; Signorile, Joseph F</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a common condition following ankle injury that is associated with compromised balance. Whole body vibration training (WBVT) programmes are linked with improved balance and function in athletic and non-athletic populations and may improve balance in <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Twelve healthy and seven <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants completed two randomly assigned interventions. Two Power Plate® platforms were attached back to back using a Theraband®. Participants stood on the active plate and inactive plate for WBVT and sham interventions, respectively. Each intervention included vibration of the active plate. Centre of pressure (COP) and the star excursion balance test (SEBT) were measured before and at 3, 15 and 30 min following the interventions. Significant improvements were found in the anterior direction of the SEBT following both interventions in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and varying patterns of improvement were observed for COP measurements in all participants. Therefore, WBVT does not appear to acutely improve balance in <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760032823&hterms=1605&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231605','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760032823&hterms=1605&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231605"><span>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions in the Allende meteorite - Evidence for a liquid origin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Blander, M.; Fuchs, L. H.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>We have made a detailed examination of the mineralogy, textures, and assemblages of six calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in the Allende meteorite. They can be classified into four types - hibonite-bearing, fassaite- and olivine-bearing, feldspathoid-bearing and fassaite-bearing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> that are hibonite and olivine free. Examples of each type appear to have crystallized from a liquid rather than by agglomeration of solid nebular condensates. Some lines of evidence for a liquid origin are the presence of spherical and ovoid shapes and rims containing minerals that are more refractory than minerals inside the inclusion. Thermodynamic calculations and comparisons with liquidus phase diagrams indicate that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> could have been produced by direct condensation to metastable subcooled liquids that subsequently crystallized or by remelting of an equilibrium high-temperature condensate by impact. The diopside rims in some hibonite-bearing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the paucity of metal in fassaite-olivine-bearing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are more consistent with direct condensation of a liquid.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1394746-activation-thermodynamics-kinetic-isotope-effect-hox-hred-h+-transition-fefe-hydrogenase','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1394746-activation-thermodynamics-kinetic-isotope-effect-hox-hred-h+-transition-fefe-hydrogenase"><span>Activation Thermodynamics and H/D Kinetic Isotope Effect of the H ox to H red H + Transition in [FeFe] Hydrogenase</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W.; Wilker, Molly B.; Mulder, David W.; ...</p> <p>2017-08-29</p> <p>Molecular complexes between CdSe nanocrystals and Clostridium acetobutylicum [FeFe] hydrogenase I (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) enabled light-driven control of electron transfer for spectroscopic detection of redox intermediates during catalytic proton reduction. Here in this paper we address the route of electron transfer from CdSe→CaI and activation thermodynamics of the initial step of proton reduction in <span class="hlt">CaI</span>. The electron paramagnetic spectroscopy of illuminated CdSe:CaI showed how the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> accessory FeS cluster chain (F-clusters) functions in electron transfer with CdSe. The H ox→H redH + reduction step measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed an enthalpy of activation of 19 kJ mol -1 and a ~2.5-foldmore » kinetic isotope effect. Overall these results support electron injection from CdSe into <span class="hlt">CaI</span> involving F-clusters, and that the H ox→H redH + step of catalytic proton reduction in <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proceeds by a proton-dependent process.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011098','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011098"><span>Corundum-Hibonite Inclusions and the Environments of High Temperature Processing in the Early Solar System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Calcium, Aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are composed of the suite of minerals predicted to be the first to condense from a cooling gas of solar composition [1]. Yet, the first phase to condense, corundum, is rare in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, having mostly reacted to form hibonite followed by other phases at lower temperatures. Many <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> show evidence of complex post-formational histories, including condensation, evaporation, and melting [e.g. 2, 3]. However, the nature of these thermal events and the nebular environments in which they took place are poorly constrained. Some corundum and corundum-hibonite grains appear to have survived or avoided these complex <span class="hlt">CAI</span> reprocessing events. Such ultra-refractory <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> may provide a clearer record of the O isotopic composition of the Sun and the evolution of the O isotopic composition of the planet-forming region [4-6]. Here we present in situ O and Mg isotopic analyses of two corundum/hibonite inclusions that record differing formation histories.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653717','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653717"><span>Deviations in gait metrics in patients with chronic ankle instability: a case control study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gigi, Roy; Haim, Amir; Luger, Elchanan; Segal, Ganit; Melamed, Eyal; Beer, Yiftah; Nof, Matityahu; Nyska, Meir; Elbaz, Avi</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Gait metric alterations have been previously reported in patients suffering from chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Previous studies of gait in this population have been comprised of relatively small cohorts, and the findings of these studies are not uniform. The objective of the present study was to examine spatiotemporal gait metrics in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and examine the relationship between self-reported disease severity and the magnitude of gait abnormalities. Forty-four patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were identified and compared to 53 healthy controls. Patients were evaluated with spatiotemporal gait analysis via a computerized mat and with the Short Form (SF) - 36 health survey. Patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were found to walk with approximately 16% slower walking velocity, 9% lower cadence and approximately 7% lower step length. Furthermore, the base of support, during walking, in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group was approximately 43% wider, and the single limb support phase was 3.5% shorter compared to the control group. All of the SF-36 8-subscales, as well as the SF-36 physical component summary and SF-36 mental component summary, were significantly lower in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compared to the control group. Finally, significant correlations were found between most of the objective gait measures and the SF-36 mental component summary and SF-36 physical component summary. The results outline a gait profile for patients suffering from <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Significant differences were found in most spatiotemporal gait metrics. An important finding was a significantly wider base of support. It may be speculated that these gait alterations may reflect a strategy to deal with imbalance and pain. These findings suggest the usefulness of gait metrics, alongside with the use of self-evaluation questionnaires, in assessing disease severity of patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2928525','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2928525"><span>Effect of metabolic and respiratory acidosis on intracellular calcium in osteoblasts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bushinsky, David A.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>In vivo, metabolic acidosis {decreased pH from decreased bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3−])} increases urine calcium (Ca) without increased intestinal Ca absorption, resulting in a loss of bone Ca. Conversely, respiratory acidosis [decreased pH from increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2)] does not appreciably alter Ca homeostasis. In cultured bone, chronic metabolic acidosis (Met) significantly increases cell-mediated net Ca efflux while isohydric respiratory acidosis (Resp) does not. The proton receptor, OGR1, appears critical for cell-mediated, metabolic acid-induced bone resorption. Perfusion of primary bone cells or OGR1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with Met induces transient peaks of intracellular Ca (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>). To determine whether Resp increases <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, as does Met, we imaged <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in primary cultures of bone cells. pH for Met = 7.07 ([HCO3−] = 11.8 mM) and for Resp = 7.13 (Pco2 = 88.4 mmHg) were similar and lower than neutral (7.41). Both Met and Resp induced a marked, transient increase in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in individual bone cells; however, Met stimulated <span class="hlt">Cai</span> to a greater extent than Resp. We used OGR1-transfected CHO cells to determine whether OGR1 was responsible for the greater increase in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in Met than Resp. Both Met and Resp induced a marked, transient increase in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in OGR1-transfected CHO cells; however, in these cells Met was not different than Resp. Thus, the greater induction of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> by Met in primary bone cells is not a function of OGR1 alone, but must involve H+ receptors other than OGR1, or pathways sensitive to Pco2, HCO3−, or total CO2 that modify the effect of H+ in primary bone cells. PMID:20504884</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659155','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659155"><span>Breaking with tradition: A scoping meta-analysis analyzing the effects of student-centered learning and computer-aided instruction on student performance in anatomy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wilson, Adam B; Brown, Kirsten M; Misch, Jonathan; Miller, Corinne H; Klein, Barbie A; Taylor, Melissa A; Goodwin, Michael; Boyle, Eve K; Hoppe, Chantal; Lazarus, Michelle D</p> <p>2018-04-16</p> <p>While prior meta-analyses in anatomy education have explored the effects of laboratory pedagogies and histology media on learner performance, the effects of student-centered learning (SCL) and computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) have not been broadly evaluated. This research sought to answer the question, "How effective are student-centered pedagogies and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> at increasing student knowledge gains in anatomy compared to traditional didactic approaches?" Relevant studies published within the past 51 years were searched using five databases. Predetermined eligibility criteria were applied to the screening of titles and abstracts to discern their appropriateness for study inclusion. A summary effect size was estimated to determine the effects of SCL and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on anatomy performance outcomes. A moderator analysis of study features was also performed. Of the 3,035 records screened, 327 underwent full-text review. Seven studies, which comprised 1,564 participants, were included in the SCL analysis. An additional 19 studies analyzed the effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the context of 2,570 participants. Upon comparing SCL to traditional instruction, a small positive effect on learner performance was detected (standardized mean difference (SMD = 0.24; [CI = 0.07, 0.42]; P = 0.006). Likewise, students with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> exposure moderately outscored those with limited or no access to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (SMD = 0.59; [CI = 0.20, 0.98]; P = 0.003). Further analysis of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> studies identified effects (P ≤ 0.001) for learner population, publication period, interventional approach, and intervention frequency. Overall, learners exposed to SCL and supplemental <span class="hlt">CAI</span> outperformed their more classically-trained peers as evidenced by increases in short-term knowledge gains. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20504884','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20504884"><span>Effect of metabolic and respiratory acidosis on intracellular calcium in osteoblasts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frick, Kevin K; Bushinsky, David A</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>In vivo, metabolic acidosis {decreased pH from decreased bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3)(-)])} increases urine calcium (Ca) without increased intestinal Ca absorption, resulting in a loss of bone Ca. Conversely, respiratory acidosis [decreased pH from increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco(2))] does not appreciably alter Ca homeostasis. In cultured bone, chronic metabolic acidosis (Met) significantly increases cell-mediated net Ca efflux while isohydric respiratory acidosis (Resp) does not. The proton receptor, OGR1, appears critical for cell-mediated, metabolic acid-induced bone resorption. Perfusion of primary bone cells or OGR1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with Met induces transient peaks of intracellular Ca (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)). To determine whether Resp increases <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>), as does Met, we imaged <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in primary cultures of bone cells. pH for Met = 7.07 ([HCO(3)(-)] = 11.8 mM) and for Resp = 7.13 (Pco(2) = 88.4 mmHg) were similar and lower than neutral (7.41). Both Met and Resp induced a marked, transient increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in individual bone cells; however, Met stimulated <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) to a greater extent than Resp. We used OGR1-transfected CHO cells to determine whether OGR1 was responsible for the greater increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in Met than Resp. Both Met and Resp induced a marked, transient increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in OGR1-transfected CHO cells; however, in these cells Met was not different than Resp. Thus, the greater induction of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) by Met in primary bone cells is not a function of OGR1 alone, but must involve H(+) receptors other than OGR1, or pathways sensitive to Pco(2), HCO(3)(-), or total CO(2) that modify the effect of H(+) in primary bone cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755345','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755345"><span>Superiority of biphasic over monophasic defibrillation shocks is attributable to less intracellular calcium transient heterogeneity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hwang, Gyo-Seung; Tang, Liang; Joung, Boyoung; Morita, Norishige; Hayashi, Hideki; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S; Weiss, James N; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2008-09-02</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that superiority of biphasic waveform (BW) over monophasic waveform (MW) defibrillation shocks is attributable to less intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)) transient heterogeneity. The mechanism by which BW shocks have a higher defibrillation efficacy than MW shocks remains unclear. We simultaneously mapped epicardial membrane potential (Vm) and <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) during 6-ms MW and 3-ms/3-ms BW shocks in 19 Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. After shock, the percentage of depolarized area was plotted over time. The maximum (peak) post-shock values (VmP and Ca(i)P, respectively) were used to measure heterogeneity. Higher VmP and Ca(i)P imply less heterogeneity. The defibrillation thresholds for BW and MW shocks were 288 +/- 99 V and 399 +/- 155 V, respectively (p = 0.0005). Successful BW shocks had higher VmP (88 +/- 9%) and Ca(i)P (70 +/- 13%) than unsuccessful MW shocks (VmP 76 +/- 10%, p < 0.001; Ca(i)P 57 +/- 8%, p < 0.001) of the same shock strength. In contrast, for unsuccessful BW and MW shocks of the same shock strengths, the VmP and Ca(i)P were not significantly different. The MW shocks more frequently created regions of low <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) surrounded by regions of high <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (post-shock <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkholes). The defibrillation threshold for MW and BW shocks became similar after disabling the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) with thapsigargin and ryanodine. The greater efficacy of BW shocks is directly related to their less heterogeneous effects on shock-induced SR Ca release and <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients. Less heterogeneous <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients reduces the probability of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole formation, thereby preventing the post-shock reinitiation of ventricular fibrillation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2756777','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2756777"><span>Calcium transient dynamics and the mechanisms of ventricular vulnerability to single premature electrical stimulation in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hayashi, Hideki; Kamanu, Santosh Dora; Ono, Norihiko; Kawase, Ayaka; Chou, Chung-Chuan; Weiss, James N.; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND Single strong premature electrical stimulation (S2) may induce figure-eight reentry. We hypothesize that Ca current-mediated slow-response action potentials (APs) play a key role in the propagation in the central common pathway (CCP) of the reentry. METHODS We simultaneously mapped optical membrane potential (Vm) and intracellular Ca (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) transients in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. Baseline pacing (S1) and a cathodal S2 (40 – 80 mA) were given at different epicardial sites with a coupling interval of 135 ± 20 ms. RESULTS In all 6 hearts, S2 induced graded responses around the S2 site. These graded responses propagated locally toward the S1 site and initiated fast APs from recovered tissues. The wavefront then circled around the refractory tissue near the site of S2. At the side of S2 opposite to the S1, the graded responses prolonged AP duration while the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> continued to decline, resulting in a <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole (an area of low <span class="hlt">Cai</span>). The <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in the sinkhole then spontaneously increased, followed by a slow Vm depolarization with a take-off potential of −40 ± 3.9 mV, which was confirmed with microelectrode recordings in 3 hearts. These slow-response APs then propagated through CCP to complete a figure-eight reentry. CONCLUSION We conclude that a strong premature stimulus can induce a <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole at the entrance of the CCP. Spontaneous <span class="hlt">Cai</span> elevation in the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole precedes the Vm depolarization, leading to Ca current-mediated slow propagation in the CCP. The slow propagation allows more time for tissues at the other side of CCP to recover and be excited to complete figure-eight reentry. PMID:18180025</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180025','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180025"><span>Calcium transient dynamics and the mechanisms of ventricular vulnerability to single premature electrical stimulation in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hayashi, Hideki; Kamanu, Santosh Dora; Ono, Norihiko; Kawase, Ayaka; Chou, Chung-Chuan; Weiss, James N; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Single strong premature electrical stimulation (S(2)) may induce figure-eight reentry. We hypothesize that Ca current-mediated slow-response action potentials (APs) play a key role in the propagation in the central common pathway (CCP) of the reentry. We simultaneously mapped optical membrane potential (V(m)) and intracellular Ca (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)) transients in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. Baseline pacing (S(1)) and a cathodal S(2) (40-80 mA) were given at different epicardial sites with a coupling interval of 135 +/- 20 ms. In all 6 hearts, S(2) induced graded responses around the S(2) site. These graded responses propagated locally toward the S(1) site and initiated fast APs from recovered tissues. The wavefront then circled around the refractory tissue near the site of S(2). At the side of S(2) opposite to the S(1), the graded responses prolonged AP duration while the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) continued to decline, resulting in a <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole (an area of low <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)). The <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in the sinkhole then spontaneously increased, followed by a slow V(m) depolarization with a take-off potential of -40 +/- 3.9 mV, which was confirmed with microelectrode recordings in 3 hearts. These slow-response APs then propagated through CCP to complete a figure-eight reentry. We conclude that a strong premature stimulus can induce a <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole at the entrance of the CCP. Spontaneous <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) elevation in the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole precedes the V(m) depolarization, leading to Ca current-mediated slow propagation in the CCP. The slow propagation allows more time for tissues at the other side of CCP to recover and be excited to complete figure-eight reentry.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000M%26PS...35.1051R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000M%26PS...35.1051R"><span>Refractory inclusions from the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites MAC 87300 and MAC 88107</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Russell, Sara S.; Davis, Andrew M.; MacPherson, Glenn J.; Guan, Yunbin; Huss, Gary R.</p> <p>2000-09-01</p> <p>MAC 87300 and MAC 88107 are two unusual carbonaceous chondrites that are intermediate in chemical composition between the CO3 and CM2 meteorite groups. Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from these two meteorites are mostly spinel-pyroxene and melilite-rich (Type A) varieties. Spinel-pyroxene inclusions have either a banded or nodular texture, with aluminous diopside rimming iron-poor spinel. Melilite-rich inclusions (4-42) are irregular in shape and contain minor spinel (FeO <1 wt%), perovskite and, more rarely, hibonite. The <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in MAC 88107 and MAC 87300 are similar in primary mineralogy to <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from low petrologic grade CO3 meteorites, but differ in that they commonly contain phyllosilicates. The two meteorites also differ somewhat from each other: melilite is more abundant and slightly more aluminum-rich in inclusions from MAC 88107 than in those from MAC 87300, and phyllosilicate is more abundant and magnesium-poor in MAC 87300 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> relative to that in MAC 88107. These differences suggest that the two meteorites are not paired. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> sizes and the abundance of melilite-rich <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in MAC 88107 and MAC 87300 suggests a genetic relationship to CO3 meteorites, but the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in both have suffered a greater degree of aqueous alteration than is observed in COs. Al-rich melilite in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from both meteorites generally contains excess 26Mg, presumably from the in situ decay of 26Al. Although well-defined isochrons are not observed, the 26Mg excesses are consistent with initial 26Al/27Al ~3-5 ( 10-5. An unusual hibonite-bearing inclusion is isotopically heterogeneous, with two large and abutting hibonite crystals showing significant differences in their degrees of mass-dependent fractionation of 25Mg/24Mg. The two crystals also show differences in their inferred initial 26Al/27Al, 1 ( 10-5 vs. 3 ( 10-6.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.459...70P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26PSL.459...70P"><span>Distribution of p-process 174Hf in early solar system materials and the origin of nucleosynthetic Hf and W isotope anomalies in Ca-Al rich inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Peters, Stefan T. M.; Münker, Carsten; Pfeifer, Markus; Elfers, Bo-Magnus; Sprung, Peter</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Some nuclides that were produced in supernovae are heterogeneously distributed between different meteoritic materials. In some cases these heterogeneities have been interpreted as the result of interaction between ejecta from a nearby supernova and the nascent solar system. Particularly in the case of the oldest objects that formed in the solar system - Ca-Al rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) - this view is confirm the hypothesis that a nearby supernova event facilitated or even triggered solar system formation. We present Hf isotope data for bulk meteorites, terrestrial materials and <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, for the first time including the low-abundance isotope 174Hf (∼0.16%). This rare isotope was likely produced during explosive O/Ne shell burning in massive stars (i.e., the classical "p-process"), and therefore its abundance potentially provides a sensitive tracer for putative heterogeneities within the solar system that were introduced by supernova ejecta. For <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and one LL chondrite, also complementary W isotope data are reported for the same sample cuts. Once corrected for small neutron capture effects, different chondrite groups, eucrites, a silicate inclusion of a IAB iron meteorite, and terrestrial materials display homogeneous Hf isotope compositions including 174Hf. Hafnium-174 was thus uniformly distributed in the inner solar system when planetesimals formed at the <50 ppm level. This finding is in good agreement with the evidently homogeneous distributions of p-process isotopes 180W, 184Os and possibly 190Pt between different iron meteorite groups. In contrast to bulk meteorite samples, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> show variable depletions in p-process 174Hf with respect to the inner solar system composition, and also variable r-process (or s-process) Hf and W contributions. Based on combined Hf and W isotope compositions, we show that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> sampled at least one component in which the proportion of r- and s-process derived Hf and W deviates from that of supernova ejecta. The Hf and W isotope</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874638','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874638"><span>Oxygen isotope exchange between refractory inclusion in Allende and solar nebula gas.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yurimoto, H; Ito, M; Nagasawa, H</p> <p>1998-12-04</p> <p>A calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the Allende meteorite was analyzed and found to contain melilite crystals with extreme oxygen-isotope composition (approximately 5 percent oxygen-16 enrichment relative to terrestrial oxygen-16). Some of the melilite is also anomalously enriched in oxygen-16 compared with oxygen isotopes measured in other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The oxygen isotopic variation measured among the minerals (melilite, spinel, and fassaite) indicates that crystallization of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> started from oxygen-16-rich materials that were probably liquid droplets in the solar nebula, and oxygen isotope exchange with the surrounding oxygen-16-poor nebular gas progressed through the crystallization of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Additional oxygen isotope exchange also occurred during subsequent reheating events in the solar nebula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836634','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836634"><span>Oxygen isotope exchange between refractory inclusion in allende and solar nebula Gas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yurimoto; Ito; Nagasawa</p> <p>1998-12-04</p> <p>A calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the Allende meteorite was analyzed and found to contain melilite crystals with extreme oxygen-isotope compositions ( approximately 5 percent oxygen-16 enrichment relative to terrestrial oxygen-16). Some of the melilite is also anomalously enriched in oxygen-16 compared with oxygen isotopes measured in other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The oxygen isotopic variation measured among the minerals (melilite, spinel, and fassaite) indicates that crystallization of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> started from oxygen-16-rich materials that were probably liquid droplets in the solar nebula, and oxygen isotope exchange with the surrounding oxygen-16-poor nebular gas progressed through the crystallization of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Additional oxygen isotope exchange also occurred during subsequent reheating events in the solar nebula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3137877','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3137877"><span>Targeting PML-RARα and Oncogenic Signaling Pathways by Chinese Herbal Mixture <span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Hsien Liquid in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia NB4 Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yao, Chih-Jung; Yang, Chia-Ming; Chuang, Shuang-En; Yan, Jiann-Long; Liu, Chun-Yen; Chen, Suz-Wen; Yan, Kun-Huang; Lai, Tung-Yuan; Lai, Gi-Ming</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Tien</span>-Hsien Liquid (THL) is a Chinese herbal mixture that has been used worldwide as complementary treatment for cancer patients in the past decade. Recently, THL has been shown to induce apoptosis in various types of solid tumor cells in vitro. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been well elucidated. In this study, we explored the effects of THL on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) NB4 cells, which could be effectively treated by some traditional Chinese remedies containing arsenic trioxide. The results showed THL could induce G2/M arrest and apoptosis in NB4 cells. Accordingly, the decrease of cyclin A and B1 were observed in THL-treated cells. The THL-induced apoptosis was accompanied with caspase-3 activation and decrease of PML-RARα fusion protein. Moreover, DNA methyltransferase 1 and oncogenic signaling pathways such as Akt/mTOR, Stat3 and ERK were also down-regulated by THL. By using ethyl acetate extraction and silica gel chromatography, an active fraction of THL named as EAS5 was isolated. At about 0.5–1% of the dose of THL, EAS5 appeared to have most of THL-induced multiple molecular targeting effects in NB4 cells. Based on the findings of these multi-targeting effects, THL might be regarding as a complementary and alternative therapeutic agent for refractory APL. PMID:19897545</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914742','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914742"><span>Individuals with chronic ankle instability exhibit dynamic postural stability deficits and altered unilateral landing biomechanics: A systematic review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simpson, Jeffrey D; Stewart, Ethan M; Macias, David M; Chander, Harish; Knight, Adam C</p> <p>2018-06-13</p> <p>To evaluate the literature regarding unilateral landing biomechanics and dynamic postural stability in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Four online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and SportDiscus) were searched from the earliest records to 31 January 2018, as well as reference sections of related journal articles, to complete the systematic search. Studies investigating the influence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on unilateral landing biomechanics and dynamic postural stability were systematically reviewed and evaluated. Twenty articles met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. Individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were found to have deficits in dynamic postural stability on the affected limb with medium to large effect sizes and altered lower extremity kinematics, most notably in the ankle and knee, with medium to large effect sizes. Additionally, greater loading rates and peak ground reaction forces, in addition to reductions in ankle muscle activity were also found in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> during unilateral jump-landing tasks. Individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> demonstrate dynamic postural stability deficits, lower extremity kinematic alterations, and reduced neuromuscular control during unilateral jump-landings. These are likely factors that contribute recurrent lateral ankle sprain injuries during dynamic activity in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17323157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17323157"><span>BG60S dissolution interferes with osteoblast calcium signals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Valério, P; Pereira, M M; Goes, A M; Leite, M F</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>We investigated the influence of extracellular calcium concentration, caused by the dissolution of a bioactive glass with 60% of silicon (BG60S), on intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +)) signals and expression of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors (InsP(3)R) in primary culture of osteoblasts. We found that BG60S caused an increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) signals in this cell type. Additionally, osteoblasts pre-incubated in the presence of BG60S showed an increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) when cells were stimulated with vasopressin. On the other hand, a decrease in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) signals were observed in osteoblasts pre-treated with BG60S and stimulated with KCl. We furher found that in osteoblasts, the type I InsP(3)R is preferentially distributed in the nucleus while the type II InsP(3)R in the cytoplasm. Preincubation of osteoblasts with BG60S altered the receptor expression level, increasing the type I InsP(3)R in the nucleus and decreasing type II InsP(3)R in the cytosol. Together, our results showed that in osteoblasts, BG60S increased <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +)signals and altered <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) machinery.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JSAES..64..139C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JSAES..64..139C"><span>Conodont color alteration index and upper Paleozoic thermal history of the Amazonas Basin, Brazil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cardoso, Cassiane Negreiros; Sanz-López, Javier; Blanco-Ferrera, Silvia; Lemos, Valesca Brasil; Scomazzon, Ana Karina</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The conodont color alteration index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) was determined in elements from core samples of the Frasnian Barreirinha Formation (one well) and of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Tapajós Group (twenty three wells and one limestone quarry) in the Amazonas Basin. The thermal history of the basin is analyzed using the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> value distribution represented in maps and stratigraphic sections through correlation schemes, and in conjunction with previously published data. The pattern of palaeotemperatures for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values of 1.5-3 is coincident with organic matter maturation under a sedimentary overburden providing diagenetic conditions in the oil/gas window. Locally, conodonts show metamorphism (<span class="hlt">CAI</span> value of 6-7) in relation to the intrusion of diabase bodies in beds including high geothermal gradient evaporites. Microtextural alteration on the surface conodonts commonly shows several types of overgrowth microtextures developed in diagenetic conditions. Locally, recrystallization in conodonts with a high <span class="hlt">CAI</span> value is congruent with contact metamorphism in relation to Mesozoic intrusions. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values of 1.5 or 2 observed close to the surface in several areas of the basin may be interpreted in relation to a high thermal palaeogradient derived from the magmatic episode or/and to the local denudation of the upper part of the Paleozoic succession prior to this thermal event.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Tectp.365..129D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Tectp.365..129D"><span>Intraplate mountain building in response to continent continent collision—the Ancestral Rocky Mountains (North America) and inferences drawn from the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan (Central Asia)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dickerson, Patricia Wood</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>The intraplate Ancestral Rocky Mountains of western North America extend from British Columbia, Canada, to Chihuahua, Mexico, and formed during Early Carboniferous through Early Permian time in response to continent-continent collision of Laurentia with Gondwana—the conjoined masses of Africa and South America, including Yucatán and Florida. Uplifts and flanking basins also formed within the Laurentian Midcontinent. On the Gondwanan continent, well inboard from the marginal fold belts, a counterpart structural array developed during the same period. Intraplate deformation began when full collisional plate coupling had been achieved along the continental margin; the intervening ocean had been closed and subduction had ceased—that is, the distinction between upper versus lower plates became moot. Ancestral Rockies deformation was not accompanied by volcanism. Basement shear zones that formed during Mesoproterozoic rifting of Laurentia were reactivated and exerted significant control on the locations, orientations, and modes of displacement on late Paleozoic faults. Ancestral Rocky Mountain uplifts extend as far south as Chihuahua and west Texas (28° to 33°N, 102° to 109°W) and include the Florida-Moyotes, Placer de Guadalupe-Carrizalillo, Ojinaga-Tascotal and Hueco Mountain blocks, as well as the Diablo and Central Basin Platforms. All are cored with Laurentian Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks and host correlative Paleozoic stratigraphic successions. Pre-late Paleozoic deformational, thermal, and metamorphic histories are similar as well. Southern Ancestral Rocky Mountain structures terminate along a line that trends approximately N 40°E (present coordinates), a common orientation for Mesoproterozoic extensional structures throughout southern to central North America. Continuing <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan intraplate deformation (Central Asia) has created an analogous array of uplifts and basins in response to the collision of India with Eurasia, beginning in late</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.491..238M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.491..238M"><span>High-precision Al-Mg isotopic systematics in USNM 3898 - The benchmark "ALL" for initial 87Sr/86Sr in the earliest Solar System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>MacPherson, G. J.; Defouilloy, C.; Kita, N. T.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> USNM 3898 is the basis for "ALL", the lowest measured initial 87Sr/86Sr value in any solar system material including other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (Gray et al., 1973). If the value ALL is correct (debated), then USNM 3898 must be 1-2 million years older than other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (Podosek et al., 1991). This would require in turn that it have a much higher initial 26Al/27Al value than other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, on the order of 4 × 10-4. Podosek et al. (1991) showed that this is not the case, with initial 26Al/27Al = (4.5 ± 0.7) × 10-5, but their Mg-isotopic data had large error bars and there was clear isotopic disturbance in the data having the highest 27Al/24Mg. Without the latter data, the slope of their isochron is higher (5.10 ± 1.19) × 10-5) and within (large) error of being supracanonical. We used high-precision SIMS to re-determine the initial 26Al/27Al in this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and obtained a value of (5.013 ± 0.099) × 10-5, with an intercept δ26Mg* = - 0.008 ± 0.048 and MSWD = 1.3. This value is indistinguishable from that measured in many other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and conclusively shows that USNM 3898 is not uniquely ancient. We also confirmed evidence of later isotopic disturbance, similar to what Podosek et al. found, indicating a re-melting and evaporation event some 200,000 years after initial <span class="hlt">CAI</span> solidification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4874377','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4874377"><span>Neural Excitability and Joint Laxity in Chronic Ankle Instability, Coper, and Control Groups</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bowker, Samantha; Terada, Masafumi; Thomas, Abbey C.; Pietrosimone, Brian G.; Hiller, Claire E.; Gribble, Phillip A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Context:  Neuromuscular and mechanical deficiencies are commonly studied in participants with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Few investigators have attempted to comprehensively consider sensorimotor and mechanical differences among people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers who did not present with prolonged dysfunctions after an initial ankle sprain, and a healthy control group. Objective:  To determine if differences exist in spinal reflex excitability and ankle laxity among participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers, and healthy controls. Design:  Case-control study. Setting:  Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  Thirty-seven participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 30 participants categorized as copers, and 26 healthy control participants. Main Outcome Measure(s):  We assessed spinal reflex excitability of the soleus using the Hoffmann reflex protocol. Participants' ankle laxity was measured with an instrumented ankle arthrometer. The maximum Hoffmann reflex : maximal muscle response ratio was calculated. Ankle laxity was measured as the total displacement in the anterior-posterior directions (mm) and total rotation in the inversion and eversion directions (°). Results:  Spinal reflex excitability was diminished in participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compared with copers and control participants (P = .01). No differences were observed among any of the groups for ankle laxity. Conclusion:  Changes in the spinal reflex excitability of the soleus that likely affect ankle stability were seen only in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group, yet no mechanical differences were noted across the groups. These findings support the importance of finding effective ways to increase spinal reflex excitability for the purpose of treating neural excitability dysfunction in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. PMID:27065189</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4677052','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4677052"><span>Condomless anal intercourse among males and females at high risk for heterosexual HIV infection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>German, Danielle; Nguyen, Trang; Ogbue, Christine Powell; Flynn, Colin</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background Understanding and addressing heterosexual HIV transmission requires attention to the range and context of heterosexual sexual behaviors. We sought to determine population-based prevalence of condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) among individuals at increased heterosexual HIV risk in Baltimore and to identify demographic, behavioral, and health related correlates. Methods Data were from a cross-sectional study of 185 males and 198 females at increased heterosexual risk for HIV recruited using respondent driven sampling as part of CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Project in Baltimore, August-December 2010. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression examined factors associated with heterosexual <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Results The sample was majority African-American, with mean age of 38 among men and 34 among women. Forty-two percent of men (95% C.I.: 30.9, 52.0%) and 38% of women (95% C.I.: 29.4, 47.2%) reported any <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the past year, with variance by partner type and gender. Among men, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was significantly associated with homelessness, casual and exchange partners, same sex partner in past year, and substance use. Among women, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was significantly associated with lower education, casual and exchange partners, same sex partner in past year, multiple partners, and substance use. In adjusted gender-specific models, males and females with increasing numbers of partners were more likely to engage in <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Conclusions It is important to recognize the efficiency of transmission of HIV and other STIs through <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. There is a need to broaden heterosexual sexual health promotion and HIV/STI prevention to adequately and appropriately address risks and prevention strategies for anal intercourse. PMID:25970308</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17172385','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17172385"><span>Field evaluation of spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated latticework plastic strips against Aedes aegypti (L.) and analysis of environmental factors affecting its efficacy in My Tho City, <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Giang, Vietnam.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kawada, Hitoshi; Iwasaki, Tomonori; LE Loan, Luu; Tien, Tran Khanh; Mai, Nguyen Thi Nhu; Shono, Yoshinori; Katayama, Yasuyuki; Takagi, Masahiro</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated polyethylene latticework plastic strips against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes was evaluated. Analysis of environmental factors affecting the efficacy of these strips, such as room temperature, humidity, and house structure, was performed in a residential area in My Tho City, <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Giang Province, Vietnam. Treatment with the strips at the rate of 1 strip per 2.6-5.52 m(2) (approximately 600 mg per 2.6-5.52 m(2)) reduced the collection of Ae. aegypti resting inside the houses for at least eight weeks. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both increase in the average room temperature and decrease in the area of openings in the rooms that were treated with the strips positively affected the spatial repellency of metofluthrin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ECSS..198..450K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ECSS..198..450K"><span>Abundance, distribution and bioavailability of major and trace elements in surface sediments from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> River estuary and Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea, Vietnam)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Koukina, S. E.; Lobus, N. V.; Peresypkin, V. I.; Dara, O. M.; Smurov, A. V.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Major (Si, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Ca, Na, K, S, P), minor (Mn) and trace (Li, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Ag, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Pb, Bi and U) elements, their chemical forms and the mineral composition, organic matter (TOC) and carbonates (TIC) in surface sediments from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> River estuary and Nha Trang Bay were first determined along the salinity gradient. The abundance and ratio of major and trace elements in surface sediments are discussed in relation to the mineralogy, grain size, depositional conditions, reference background and SQG values. Most trace-element contents are at natural levels and are derived from the composition of rocks and soils in the watershed. A severe enrichment of Ag is most likely derived from metal-rich detrital heavy minerals such as Ag-sulfosalts. Along the salinity gradient, several zones of metal enrichment occur in surface sediments because of the geochemical fractionation of the riverine material. The parts of actually and potentially bioavailable forms (isolated by four single chemical reagent extractions) are most elevated for Mn and Pb (up to 36% and 32% of total content, respectively). The possible anthropogenic input of Pb in the region requires further study. Overall, the most bioavailable parts of trace elements are associated with easily soluble amorphous Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. The sediments are primarily enriched with bioavailable metal forms in the riverine part of the estuary. Natural (such as turbidities) and human-generated (such as urban and industrial activities) pressures are shown to influence the abundance and speciation of potential contaminants and therefore change their bioavailability in this estuarine system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/421051-integrated-use-remotely-sensed-imagery-other-data-sets-infer-tectonics-structural-style-hydrocarbon-habitats-basins-tien-shan-orogenic-belt-western-china-case-study','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/421051-integrated-use-remotely-sensed-imagery-other-data-sets-infer-tectonics-structural-style-hydrocarbon-habitats-basins-tien-shan-orogenic-belt-western-china-case-study"><span>Integrated use of remotely sensed imagery and other data sets to infer the tectonics, structural style, and hydrocarbon habitats of the basins of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan orogenic belt, Western China: A case study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Berry, J.L.; Nishidai, T.</p> <p>1996-08-01</p> <p>Remotely sensed imagery and various other published regional data sets (gravity, magnetics, earthquake data) were integrated in order to interpret the structural style, both at deep crustal levels and at the relatively shallow levels of interest to explorationists, of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. Cross-sections through the range were systematically prepared, and then palinspastically restored, constrained by the remote sensing interpretation, potential fields data, and published microplate movement vectors. Since large portions of the area are covered by late Tertiary orogenic sediments, the resulting interpretation focused on these areas, and what and how much geology lies concealed beneath them. We were ablemore » to demonstrate the likely consumption in the late Tertiary of over 100 km of Tarim Basin west along a broad front south of the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan, as well as within the Kuruktag area, where basins are compressional rather than extensional. There are also local areas of extension within the orogenic zone, and these can be explained using the known microplate boundaries, backward extrapolation of present microplate motions, and the type and extent of late Tertiary deformation within the plates as constraints. Relative and absolute microplate motions have to change greatly through Tertiary time in order to comply with these constraints. The results of this work allow one to infer the affinities, and hence something of the hydrocarbon potential, of fragmentary plates by reconstructing their motions. They also allow one to infer the nature of the stratigraphy, the likely depth of burial, and something of the maturation history of pre-Tertiary rocks buried by Tertiary sediments deposited in both compressional and extensional regimes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...49M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...49M"><span>Thermal and chemical evolution in the early Solar System as recorded by FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Part II - Laboratory evaporation of potential CMS-1 precursor material</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mendybaev, Ruslan A.; Williams, Curtis D.; Spicuzza, Michael J.; Richter, Frank M.; Valley, John W.; Fedkin, Alexei V.; Wadhwa, Meenakshi</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We present the results of laboratory experiments in which a forsterite-rich melt estimated to be a potential precursor of Allende CMS-1 FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was evaporated into vacuum for different lengths of time at 1900 °C. The evaporation of this melt resulted in residues that define trajectories in chemical as well as magnesium, silicon and oxygen isotopic composition space and come very close to the measured properties of CMS-1. The isotopic composition of the evaporation residues was also used to determine the kinetic isotopic fractionation factors [α2,1 (vapor-melt) defined as the ratio of isotopes 2 and 1 of a given element in the evaporating gas divided by their ratio in the evaporating source] for evaporation of magnesium (α25,24 for 25Mg/24Mg), silicon (α29,28 for 29Si/28Si) and oxygen (α18,16 for 18O/16O) from the forsterite-rich melt at 1900 °C. The values of α25,24 = 0.98383 ± 0.00033 and α29,28 = 0.99010 ± 0.00038 are essentially independent of change in the melt composition as evaporation proceeds. In contrast, α18,16 changes from 0.9815 ± 0.0016 to ∼0.9911 when the residual melt composition changes from forsteritic to melilitic. Using the determined values of α25,24 and α29,28 and present-day bulk chemical composition of the CMS-1, the composition of the precursor of the inclusion was estimated to be close to the clinopyroxene + spinel + forsterite assemblage condensed from a solar composition gas. The correspondence between the chemical composition and isotopic fractionation of experimental evaporation residues and the present-day bulk chemical and isotopic compositions of CMS-1 is evidence that evaporation played a major role in the chemical evolution of CMS-1.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860034124&hterms=rules+origin&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Drules%2Borigin','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860034124&hterms=rules+origin&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Drules%2Borigin"><span>A refractory inclusion in the Kaba CV3 chondrite - Some implications for the origin of spinel-rich objects in chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fegley, B., Jr.; Post, J. E.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The first detailed petrographic and mineralogical study of a Ca, Al-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the Kaba CV3 chondrite is reported. This 'fine-grained' <span class="hlt">CAI</span> contains abundant small, rounded, rimmed, spinel-rich objects which have important features in common with the spinel-rich objects in other carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. These nodules are interpreted as fractionated distillation residues of primitive dust. However, the available data do not unambiguously rule out a condensation origin for at least some of these objects. Finally, the preservation of distinct diopside-hedenbergite rims on the spinel-rich bodies and the small grain size of many minerals in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> matrix material both suggest that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> accreted cool and had a relatively cool thermal history in the Kaba parent body.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21189193','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21189193"><span>Plantar pressure during running in subjects with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morrison, Katherine E; Hudson, David J; Davis, Irene S; Richards, James G; Royer, Todd D; Dierks, Tracy A; Kaminski, Thomas W</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>It has been suggested that dynamic foot and ankle mechanics predispose individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to repetitive episodes of the ankle ``giving way.'' Plantar pressure variations during a walking gait have been detected in those with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, but more dynamic conditions for analysis are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate plantar pressure distributions during a running gait in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, individuals who suffered a lateral ankle sprain, but did not develop <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (AS), and subjects with no history of a lateral ankle sprain (CON). Forty-five subjects [15 in each group, healthy males (18) and females (27), age 18 to 45] were recruited from University communities to participate in this study. Plantar pressure distributions were analyzed on a Tekscan© plantar pressure mat at 66 frames per second during a running gait at a controlled speed. The following variables were obtained: rearfoot medial/lateral (M/L) pressure ratio at foot strike (FS) and center-of-pressure (COP) trajectory during the initial loading response (heel strike to initial peak GRF). Separate one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc were used to test for group differences. The significance level was defined as p < 0.05. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had a significantly more lateral ratio (0.97 ± 0.12) at FS when compared to the CON (1.01 ± 0.13) and AS (1.11 ± 0.13) groups. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> subjects had a lateral COP trajectory during the loading phase (7.97 degrees ± 11.02), while both the AS (-3.68 degrees ± 10.24) and CON groups (-6.27 degrees ± 9.86) had medial trajectories. The difference was significant between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group and both the AS and CON groups (all significant {\\it p} values were less than 0.05). Our results confirm that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> subjects have a more lateral foot positioning and loading pattern during a barefoot running gait when compared to both the CON and LAS groups. Clinicians treating patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> should consider providing interventions to decrease the amount of rearfoot inversion at FS and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050173926','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050173926"><span>I-Xe Dating: The Time Line of Chondrule Formation and Metamorphism in LL Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pravdivtseva, O. V.; Hohenberg, C. M.; Meshik, A. P.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Refractory inclusions, considered to be the oldest solids formed in the solar nebula. (4567.2 0.6 Ma) [1], are common in many carbonaceous and in some ordinary and enstatite chondrites. High-precision Pb- Pb ages for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> s and chondrules (from different meteorites) suggested that chondrule formation appeared to have started about 2 Ma later than that of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> [1]. However, recent 26Al/26Mg data suggest simultaneous formation of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> s and chondrules in Allende [2]. The I-Xe ages of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> s in Allende are about 2 Ma younger than the I-Xe ages of Allende chondrules [3] but, like all chronometers, the I-Xe system records closure time of its particular host phase. In the case of Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> s, the major iodine-bearing phase is sodalite, a secondary phase presumably formed by aqueous alteration, so I-Xe reflects the post-formational processes in these objects. In chondrules the iodine host phases vary and can reflect formation and/or alteration but, to put chondrule ages on a quantative basis, some problems should first be addressed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Artificial+AND+intelligent&pg=4&id=EJ576267','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Artificial+AND+intelligent&pg=4&id=EJ576267"><span>The Successive Contributions of Computers to Education: A Survey.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lelouche, Ruddy</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Shows how education has successively benefited from traditional information processing through programmed instruction and computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), artificial intelligence, intelligent <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, intelligent tutoring systems, and hypermedia techniques. Contains 29 references. (DDR)</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=types+AND+processor+AND+text&id=ED317060','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=types+AND+processor+AND+text&id=ED317060"><span>Review of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McCrary, Ronald G.</p> <p></p> <p>A discussion of computer software and courseware for second-language instruction outlines considerations for selecting software of various kinds and presents a list of selected computer programs. Suggestions are made for choosing text-specific software, non-text-specific software intended for language instruction, word processors intended for…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296816','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296816"><span>Locomotive biomechanics in persons with chronic ankle instability and lateral ankle sprain copers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Doherty, Cailbhe; Bleakley, Chris; Hertel, Jay; Caulfield, Brian; Ryan, John; Delahunt, Eamonn</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>To compare the locomotive biomechanics of participants with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) to those of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers. Cross-sectional study. Twenty-eight participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 42 LAS copers each performed 5 self-selected paced gait trials. 3-D lower extremity temporal kinematic and kinetic data were collected for these participants from 200ms pre- to 200ms post-heel strike (period 1) and from 200ms pre- to 200ms post-toe off (period 2). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group displayed increased hip flexion bilaterally during period 1 compared to LAS copers. During period 2, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants exhibited reduced hip extension bilaterally, increased knee flexion bilaterally and increased ankle inversion on the 'involved' limb. They also displayed a bilateral decrease in the flexor moment pattern at the knee. Considering that all of the features which distinguished <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants from LAS copers were also evident in our previously published research (within 2-weeks following acute first-time LAS); these findings establish a potential link between these features and long-term outcome following first-time LAS. Clinicians must be cognizant of the capacity for these movement and motor control impairments to cascade proximally from the injured joint up the kinetic chain and recognise the value that gait re-training may have in rehabilitation planning to prevent <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Copyright © 2015 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931009','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931009"><span>Long-term outcome of pediatric renal transplantation: a single center study in Japan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yamada, Akio; Tashiro, Atsushi; Hiraiwa, Tomoko; Komatsu, Tomonori; Kinukawa, Tsuneo; Ueda, Norishi</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>Little is known about the risk factors for long-term poor outcome in pediatric renal transplantation. Between 1973 and 2010, 111 renal transplants (92 living donations) were performed in 104 children (56 males, mean age, 12.5 yr) at the Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, and followed-up for a mean period of 13.6 yr. The patient survival at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 (living- and deceased-donor transplants), and 30 yr (living-donor transplants only) was 98.1%, 92.8%, 87.8%, 84.9%, 82.6%, and 79.3%. The graft survival at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 yr was 92.0%, 77.3%, 58.4%, 50.8%, 38.5%, and 33.3%. The most common cause of graft loss was <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, AR, death with functioning, recurrent primary disease, ATN, and malignancy. Donor gender, ATN, malignancy/cardiovascular events, and eras affected patient survival. AR and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were the risk factors for graft loss. The evolved immunosuppression protocols improved the outcome by reducing AR episodes and ATN but not <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, suggesting <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as the major risk factor for graft loss. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was correlated with AR episodes, CMV infection, and post-transplant hypertension. Strategies for preventing the risk factors for malignancy/cardiovascular events and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, including hypertension/infection, are crucial for better outcomes. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26856315','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26856315"><span>Surface electromyography and plantar pressure during walking in young adults with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koldenhoven, Rachel M; Feger, Mark A; Fraser, John J; Saliba, Susan; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Lateral ankle sprains are common and can manifest into chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) resulting in altered gait mechanics that may lead to subsequent ankle sprains. Our purpose was to simultaneously analyse muscle activation patterns and plantar pressure distribution during walking in young adults with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Seventeen <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 17 healthy subjects walked on a treadmill at 4.8 km/h. Plantar pressure measures (pressure-time integral, peak pressure, time to peak pressure, contact area, contact time) of the entire foot and nine specific foot regions and medial-lateral location of centre of pressure (COP) were measured. Surface electromyography (EMG) root mean square (RMS) amplitudes throughout the entire stride cycle and area under RMS curve for 100 ms pre-initial contact (IC) and 200 ms post-IC for anterior tibialis, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius, and gluteus medius were collected. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group demonstrated a more lateral COP throughout the stance phase (P < 0.001 and Cohen's d > 0.9 for all 10 comparisons) and significantly increased peak pressure (P = 0.025) and pressure-time integral (P = 0.049) under the lateral forefoot. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had lower anterior tibialis RMS areas (P < 0.001) and significantly higher peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius, and gluteus medius RMS areas during 100 ms pre-IC (P < 0.003). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had higher gluteus medius sEMG amplitudes during the final 50 % of stance and first 25% of swing (P < 0.05). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had large lateral deviations of their COP location throughout the entire stance phase and increased gluteus medius muscle activation amplitude during late stance through early swing phase. III.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140000408','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140000408"><span>Trace Element Abundances in an Unusual Hibonite-Perovskite Refractory Inclusion from Allende</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mane, Prajkta; Wadhwa, M.; Keller, L. P.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich refractory inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are thought to be the first-formed solids in the Solar protoplanetary disk and can provide information about the earliest Solar System processes (e.g., [1]). A hibonite-perovskitebearing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the Allende CV3 chondrite (SHAL, [2]) contains a single of 500 micrometers hibonite grain and coarse-grained perovskite. The mineralogy and oxygen isotopic composition of this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> shows similarities with FUN inclusions, especially HAL [2]. Here we present trace element abundances in SHAL.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.186..242S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.186..242S"><span>Oxygen isotopic variations in the outer margins and Wark-Lovering rims of refractory inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Simon, Justin I.; Matzel, Jennifer E. P.; Simon, Steven B.; Hutcheon, Ian D.; Ross, D. Kent; Weber, Peter K.; Grossman, Lawrence</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Oxygen isotopic variations across the outer margins and Wark-Lovering (WL) rims of a diverse suite of six coarse-grained Types A and B refractory inclusions from both oxidized and reduced CV3 chondrites suggest that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> originated from a 16O-rich protosolar gas reservoir and were later exposed to both relatively 17,18O-rich and 16O-rich reservoirs. The O-isotope profiles of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> can be explained by changes in the composition of gas near the protoSun or the migration of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> through a heterogeneous nebula. Variability within the inclusion interiors appears to have been set prior to WL rim growth. Modeling the isotopic zoning profiles as diffusion gradients between inclusion interiors and edges establishes a range of permissible time-temperature combinations for their exposure in the nebula. At mean temperatures of 1400 K, models that match the isotope gradients in the inclusions yield timescales ranging from 5 × 103 to 3 × 105 years. Assuming <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> originated with a relatively 16O-rich (protosolar) isotopic composition, differences among the melilite interiors and the isotopic gradients in their margins imply the existence of a number of isotopically distinct reservoirs. Evidence at the edges of some <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> for subsequent isotopic exchange may relate to the beginning of rim formation. In the WL rim layers surrounding the interiors, spinel is relatively 16O-rich but subtly distinct among different <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Melilite is often relatively 16O-poor, but rare relatively 16O-rich grains also exist. Pyroxene generally exhibits intermediate O-isotope compositions and isotopic zoning. Olivine in both WL and accretionary rims, when present, is isotopically heterogeneous. The extreme isotopic heterogeneity among and within individual WL rim layers and in particular, the observed trends of outward 16O-enrichments, suggest that rims surrounding <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contained in CV3 chondrites, like the inclusions themselves, formed from a number of isotopically distinct gas reservoirs. Collectively</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29433594','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29433594"><span>The effectiveness of self-regulation in limiting the advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages on children's preferred websites in Canada.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Potvin Kent, Monique; Pauzé, Elise</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>To assess the effectiveness of the self-regulatory Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in limiting advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages on children's preferred websites in Canada.Design/Setting/SubjectsSyndicated Internet advertising exposure data were used to identify the ten most popular websites for children (aged 2-11 years) and determine the frequency of food/beverage banner and pop-up ads on these websites from June 2015 to May 2016. Nutrition information for advertised products was collected and their nutrient content per 100 g was calculated. Nutritional quality of all food/beverage ads was assessed using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and UK Nutrient Profile Models (NPM). Nutritional quality of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> company ads was compared using χ 2 analyses and independent t tests. About 54 million food/beverage ads were viewed on children's preferred websites from June 2015 to May 2016. Most (93·4 %) product ads were categorized as excessive in fat, Na or free sugars as per the PAHO NPM and 73·8 % were deemed less healthy according to the UK NPM. <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-company ads were 2·2 times more likely (OR; 99 % CI) to be excessive in at least one nutrient (2·2; 2·1, 2·2, P<0·001) and 2·5 times more likely to be deemed less healthy (2·5; 2·5, 2·5, P<0·001) than non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> ads. On average, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-company product ads also contained (mean difference; 99 % CI) more energy (141; 141·1, 141·4 kcal, P<0·001, r=0·55), sugar (18·2; 18·2, 18·2 g, P<0·001, r=0·68) and Na (70·0; 69·7, 70·0 mg, P<0·001, r=0·23) per 100 g serving than non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> ads. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is not limiting unhealthy food and beverage advertising on children's preferred websites in Canada. Mandatory regulations are needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Cropley&pg=4&id=EJ085987','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Cropley&pg=4&id=EJ085987"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction and Increased Educational Productivity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Cropley, A. J.; Gross, P. F.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>Describes the role of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in increasing educational productivity and equality of opportunity. Examines a number of key questions concerning the interrelationship of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with the traditional education structure. (Authors/WM)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1176150','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1176150"><span>Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and extrusion from bovine, not porcine, coronary artery smooth muscle.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stehno-Bittel, L; Sturek, M</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>1. We tested the hypothesis that the Ca(2+)-loaded sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of coronary artery smooth muscle spontaneously releases Ca2+ preferentially toward the sarcolemma to be extruded from the cell without increasing the average free myoplasmic [Ca2+] (Ca(im)) concentration. 2. The SR of bovine cells was Ca(2+)-loaded by depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx. Release (unloading) of Ca2+ from the SR during recovery from depolarization was determined by Fura-2 microfluorometry of Ca(im). The SR Ca2+ unloading was maximal following a long (14 min) recovery from depolarization, as shown by the 66% decrease in the peak caffeine-induced Ca(im) transient compared to the Ca(im) transient after a short (2 min) recovery. No increase in Ca(im) occurred during the long recovery. No unloading of the SR Ca2+ store was noted in porcine cells. 3. Approximately 80% of the outward K+ current in bovine and porcine cells was sensitive to subsarcolemmal Ca2+ (<span class="hlt">Ca(is</span>)) concentrations. Whole-cell voltage clamp using pipette solutions with Ca2+ concentrations clamped between 0 and 1000 nM with Ca(2+)-EGTA or Ca(2+)-BAPTA buffers showed increasing K+ currents (normalized for cell membrane surface area) as a function of both membrane potential and <span class="hlt">Ca(is</span>). Clamping of Ca(im) and <span class="hlt">Ca(is</span>) was verified by the lack of changes in K+ current and Fura-2 ratio in response to Ca2+ influx, Ca(2+)-free external solution, or caffeine-induced Ca2+ release. At +30 to +50 mV the K+ current amplitude showed a similar sensitivity to Ca2+ as Fura-2. These data indicate that in this experimental preparation Ca(2+)-activated K+ current is a valid estimate of <span class="hlt">Ca(is</span>). 4. Simultaneous Ca(im) and <span class="hlt">Ca(is</span>) measurements in bovine cells which were not Ca(2+)-clamped (2 x 10(-4) M-EGTA pipette solution) showed that during the long recovery period the K+ current (reflecting <span class="hlt">Ca(is</span>)) increased 55%, while Ca(im) did not change. 5. In quiescent bovine cells the <span class="hlt">Ca(is</span>) was higher than Ca(im), while the higher resting <span class="hlt">Ca(is</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446334','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446334"><span>Differences in lateral ankle laxity measured via stress ultrasonography in individuals with chronic ankle instability, ankle sprain copers, and healthy individuals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Croy, Theodore; Saliba, Susan A; Saliba, Ethan; Anderson, Mark W; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>Cross-sectional. To use stress ultrasonography to measure the change in anterior talofibular ligament length during the simulated anterior drawer and ankle inversion stress tests. In approximately 30% of individuals, ankle sprains may eventually develop into chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) with recurrent symptoms. Individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and those who have a history of ankle sprain (greater than 1 year prior) without chronic instability (copers) may or may not have mechanical laxity. Sixty subjects (n=60 ankles) were divided into 3 groups: 1) Control subjects without ankle injury history (n=20; mean ± SD age; 24.8 ± 4.8 years; height, 173.7 ± 9.4 cm; weight, 77.2 ± 19.5 kg), ankle sprain copers (n=20; 22.3 ± 2.9 years; 172.8 ± 11.3 cm; 72.4 ± 14.3 kg), and subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (n=20; 23.5 ± 4.2 years; 174.6 ± 9.6 cm; 74.8 ± 17.3 kg). Ligament length change with the anterior drawer and end range ankle inversion was calculated from ultrasound images. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) was used to quantify self-reported function on activities-of-daily living (ADL) and sports. The anterior drawer test resulted in length changes that were greater (F₂,₅₇=6.2, P=.004) in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (mean ± SD length change, 15.6 ± 15.1%, P=.006) and the coper groups (14.0 ± 15.9%, P=.016) compared to the control group (1.3 ± 10.7%); however the length change for the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and coper groups were not different (P=.93). Ankle inversion similarly resulted in greater ligament length change (F₂,₅₇=6.5, P=.003) in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (25.3 ± 15.5%, P=.003) and coper groups (20.2 ± 19.6%, P=.039) compared to the control group (7.4 ± 12.9%); with no difference in length change between the copers and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> groups (P=.59). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group had a lower score on the FAAM-ADL (87.4 ± 13.4%) and FAAM-Sports (74.2 ± 17.8%) when compared to the control (98.8 ± 2.9% and 98.9 ± 3.1%, P<.0001) and coper groups (99.4 ± 1.8% and 94.6 ± 8.8%, P<.0001). Stress ultrasonography identified greater</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6222S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6222S"><span>The Evolution of the Protoplanetary Disk Recorded by Nucleosynthetic Isotope Variations of Variable Stellar Origin in Refractory Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schönbächler, M.; Lai, Y.-J.; Henshall, T.; Fehr, M. A.; Cook, D. L.; Bullock, E. S.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>New <span class="hlt">CAI</span> data confirm the homogeneous distribution of the short-lived p-process isotope 92Nb in the early solar system with the exception of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with group II REE pattern that show increased 92Nb abundances.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PASP..130b5001M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PASP..130b5001M"><span>Scientific Performance Analysis of the SYZ Telescope Design versus the RC Telescope Design</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ma, Donglin; Cai, Zheng</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Recently, Su et al. propose an innovative design, referred as the “SYZ” design, for China’s new project of a 12 m optical-infrared telescope. The SYZ telescope design consists of three aspheric mirrors with non-zero power, including a relay mirror below the primary mirror. SYZ design yields a good imaging quality and has a relatively flat field curvature at Nasmyth focus. To evaluate the science-compatibility of this three-mirror telescope, in this paper, we thoroughly compare the performance of SYZ design with that of Ritchey–Chré<span class="hlt">tien</span> (RC) design, a conventional two-mirror telescope design. Further, we propose the Observing Information Throughput (OIT) as a metric for quantitatively evaluating the telescopes’ science performance. We find that although a SYZ telescope yields a superb imaging quality over a large field of view, a two-mirror (RC) telescope design holds a higher overall throughput, a better diffraction-limited imaging quality in the central field of view (FOV < 5‧) which is better for the performance of extreme Adaptive Optics (AO), and a generally better scientific performance with a higher OIT value. D. Ma & Z. <span class="hlt">Cai</span> contributed equally to this paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29706600','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29706600"><span>Retrospective cohort study exploring whether an association exists between spatial distribution of cystoid spaces in cystoid macular oedema secondary to retinitis pigmentosa and response to treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Strong, Stacey A; Hirji, Nashila; Quartilho, Ana; Kalitzeos, Angelos; Michaelides, Michel</p> <p>2018-04-29</p> <p>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are frequently used as an initial step to treat retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular oedema (RP-CMO). Interestingly, it has been postulated that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> might reduce outer nuclear layer (ONL) fluid more effectively than inner nuclear layer (INL) fluid due to better access to retinal pigment epithelium basolateral membrane than neurosensory retina. This retrospective cohort study explores if an association between spatial distribution of cystoid spaces in RP-CMO and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> response exists. Two independent graders reviewed pretreatment and post-treatment optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of 25 patients (43 eyes) initiated on topical and/or oral <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> between January 2013 and December 2014. Documentation included the presence/absence of fluid (and layer(s) involved), external limiting membrane, epiretinal membrane (ERM), vitreomacular adhesion/traction, lamellar/full-thickness macular hole and central macular thickness (CMT)/volume. INL fluid was found in all study eyes. All 13 'responders' (at least 11% reduction of CMT after treatment) demonstrated pretreatment ONL fluid. In seven patients (four responders and three non-responders), complete clearance of ONL fluid was achieved despite persistence of INL fluid. ERM presence was similar in responders and non-responders. In this study, INL fluid was found to be the most common spatial distribution of RP-CMO. However, patients who were classed as a 'responder' to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> treatment all demonstrated coexisting ONL fluid on their pretreatment OCT scans. This may be explained by <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> having better access to retinal pigment epithelium basolateral membrane than neurosensory retina. Our study also suggests a minimal impact on response to <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by ERM. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4264646','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4264646"><span>Developing a Framework for Ankle Function: A Delphi Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Snyder, Kelli R.; Evans, Todd A.; Neibert, Peter J.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Context: Addressing clinical outcomes is paramount to providing effective health care, yet there is no consensus regarding the appropriate outcomes to address after ankle injuries. Compounding the problem is the repetitive nature of lateral ankle sprains, referred to as functional (FAI) or chronic (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) ankle instability. Although they are commonly used terms in practice and research, FAI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are inconsistently defined and assessed. Objective: To establish definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, FAI, and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, as well as their characteristics and assessment techniques. Design: Delphi study. Setting: Telephone interviews and electronic surveys. Patients or Other Participants: Sixteen experts representing the fields of ankle function and treatment, ankle research, and outcomes assessment and research were selected as panelists. Data Collection and Analysis: A telephone interview produced feedback regarding the definition of, functional characteristics of, and assessment techniques for a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and FAI/<span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Those data were compiled, reduced, and returned through electronic surveys and were either included by reaching consensus (80% agreement) or excluded. Results: The definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI reached consensus. Experts did not agree on a definition of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Eleven functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, 32 functional characteristics of an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and 13 characteristics of FAI were agreed upon. Conclusions: Although a consensus was reached regarding the definitions and functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI, the experts could only agree on 1 characteristic to include in the FAI definition. Several experts did, however, provide additional comments that reinforced the differences in the interpretation of those concepts. Although the experts could not agree on the definition of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, its</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25232662','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25232662"><span>Developing a framework for ankle function: a delphi study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Snyder, Kelli R; Evans, Todd A; Neibert, Peter J</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Addressing clinical outcomes is paramount to providing effective health care, yet there is no consensus regarding the appropriate outcomes to address after ankle injuries. Compounding the problem is the repetitive nature of lateral ankle sprains, referred to as functional (FAI) or chronic (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) ankle instability. Although they are commonly used terms in practice and research, FAI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are inconsistently defined and assessed. To establish definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, FAI, and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, as well as their characteristics and assessment techniques. Delphi study. Telephone interviews and electronic surveys. Sixteen experts representing the fields of ankle function and treatment, ankle research, and outcomes assessment and research were selected as panelists. A telephone interview produced feedback regarding the definition of, functional characteristics of, and assessment techniques for a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and FAI/<span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Those data were compiled, reduced, and returned through electronic surveys and were either included by reaching consensus (80% agreement) or excluded. The definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI reached consensus. Experts did not agree on a definition of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Eleven functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, 32 functional characteristics of an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and 13 characteristics of FAI were agreed upon. Although a consensus was reached regarding the definitions and functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI, the experts could only agree on 1 characteristic to include in the FAI definition. Several experts did, however, provide additional comments that reinforced the differences in the interpretation of those concepts. Although the experts could not agree on the definition of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, its characteristics, or the preferred use of the terms FAI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, our findings provide progress toward establishing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180002591','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180002591"><span>Nucleosynthetic Heterogeneity Controls Vanadium Isotope Variations in Bulk Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nielsen, S. G.; Righter, K.; Wu, F.; Owens, J. D.; Prytulak, J.; Burton, K.; Parkinson, I.; Davis, D.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The vanadium (V) isotope composition of early solar system materials have been hypothesized to be sensitive to high energy irradiation that originated from the young Sun. Vanadium has two isotopes with masses 50 and 51 that have (51)V/(50)V ratio of approximately 410. High energy irradiation produces (50)V from various target isotopes of Ti, Cr and Fe, which would result in light V isotope compositions (expressed as delta (51)V in per mille = 1000 x (((51)V/(50)V(sub sample)/(51)V/(50)V(sub AlfaAesar)) - 1)) relative to a presumably chondritic starting composition. Recently published V isotope data for calcium aluminium inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) has revealed some very negative values relative to chondrites (by almost -4 per mille) that were indeed interpreted to reflect irradiation processes despite the fact that the studied <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> all exhibited significant initial abundances of (10)Be, while only a few <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> displayed light V isotope compositions. It is difficult to relate V isotope variations directly to a singular process because V only possesses two isotopes. Therefore, V isotope variations can principally be produced both mass dependent and independent processes. Mass dependent kinetic stable isotope fractionation is common in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> for refractory elements due to partial condensation/evaporation processes. The element strontium (Sr) has an almost identical condensation temperature to V and studies of stable Sr isotope compositions in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> reveal both heavy and light values relative to chondrites of several permil. These variations are similar in magnitude to those reported for V isotopes in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, which suggests it is possible that some of the V isotope variation in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> could be due to kinetic stable isotope fractionation during condensation/evaporation processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4945457','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4945457"><span>An evaluation of factors associated with sexual risk taking among Black men who have sex with men: A comparison of younger and older populations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Maksut, Jessica L.; Eaton, Lisa A.; Siembida, Elizabeth J.; Driffin, Daniel D.; Baldwin, Robert</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Background In the United States, rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are highest among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM). Prior research indicates that younger BMSM in particular (i.e., BMSM 29 years of age and younger) are most at risk for HIV infection and that HIV incidence in this subpopulation has risen in recent years. It remains unclear, however, why younger BMSM, relative to BMSM 30 years of age and older, are at increased risk for HIV infection. Methods For the current study, we surveyed 450 BMSM located in the Atlanta, GA metropolitan and surrounding areas. We assessed BMSM’s depressive symptoms, substance use during sex, psychosocial risk factors (i.e., HIV risk perceptions, condom use self-efficacy, internalized homophobia, and perceived HIV stigmatization), and sexual risk taking (i.e., condomless anal intercourse [<span class="hlt">CAI</span>]). Results We found that younger BMSM (YBMSM) and older BMSM (OBMSM) differed with respect to factors associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. In multivariable models, alcohol use before or during sex, lower educational attainment, and sexual orientation (i.e., bisexual sexual orientation) were significantly associated with increased <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for YBMSM, while HIV risk perceptions and internalized homophobia were significantly, negatively associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> among OBMSM. Discussion Rates of engaging in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were similar across the two age cohorts; however, factors related to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> varied by these two groups. Findings emphasize the need to consider targeted interventions for different generational cohorts of BMSM. PMID:27001255</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5792106','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5792106"><span>Does adaptation to vertebrate codon usage relate to flavivirus emergence potential?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Freire, Caio César de Melo</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Codon adaptation index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a measure of synonymous codon usage biases given a usage reference. Through mutation, selection, and drift, viruses can optimize their replication efficiency and produce more offspring, which could increase the chance of secondary transmission. To evaluate how higher <span class="hlt">CAI</span> towards the host has been associated with higher viral titers, we explored temporal trends of several historic and extensively sequenced zoonotic flaviviruses and relationships within the genus itself. To showcase evolutionary and epidemiological relationships associated with silent, adaptive synonymous changes of viruses, we used codon usage tables from human housekeeping and antiviral immune genes, as well as tables from arthropod vectors and vertebrate species involved in the flavivirus maintenance cycle. We argue that temporal trends of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> changes could lead to a better understanding of zoonotic emergences, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> appears to help illustrate historically relevant trends of well-characterized viruses, in different viral species and genetic diversity within a single species. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> can be a useful tool together with in vivo and in vitro kinetics, phylodynamics, and additional functional genomics studies to better understand species trafficking and viral emergence in a new host. PMID:29385205</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288200','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288200"><span>Bergamot essential oil differentially modulates intracellular Ca2+ levels in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells: a new finding seen with fura-2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>You, Ji H; Kang, Purum; Min, Sun Seek; Seol, Geun Hee</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>In this study, we compared the effect of the essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso [bergamot, bergamot essential oil (BEO)] on the intracellular Ca levels in vascular endothelial (EA) and mouse vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells, using the fura-2 fluorescence technique. BEO caused an initial transient increase in intracellular Ca concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span>) in EA cells, followed by a decrease, whereas it induced a sustained increase in [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> in MOVAS cells. Linalyl acetate (LA) as a major component of BEO-induced [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> mobilization was similar to BEO in EA cells. The increase of [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> by LA was higher in EA cells than in MOVAS cells. [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> rise induced by extracellular Ca application was significantly blocked by BEO or LA in EA cells but not in MOVAS cells, suggesting that BEO and LA block Ca influx in EA cells. The present results suggest that BEO and LA differentially modulate intracellular Ca levels in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In addition, blockade of Ca influx by BEO and LA in EA cells may explain the protective effects of BEO on endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular disease.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JRScT..32.1083Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JRScT..32.1083Y"><span>Effectiveness of Using Computer-Assisted Supplementary Instruction for Teaching the Mole Concept</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yalçinalp, Serpil; Geban, Ömer; Özkan, Ilker</p> <p></p> <p>This study examined the effect of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), used as a problem-solving supplement to classroom instruction, on students' understanding of chemical formulas and mole concept, their attitudes toward chemistry subjects, and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> over recitation hours when both teaching methods were used as a supplement to the traditional chemistry instruction. We randomly selected two classes in a secondary school. Each teaching strategy was randomly assigned to one class. The experimental group received supplementary instruction delivered via <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, while the control group received similar instruction through recitation hours. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and t-test. It was found that the students who used the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> accompanied with lectures scored significantly higher than those who attended recitation hours, in terms of school subject achievement in chemistry and attitudes toward chemistry subjects. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the attitudes of students in the experimental group toward the use of computers in a chemistry course. There was no significant difference between the performances of females versus males in each treatment group.Received: 26 April 1994; Revised: 6 April 1995;</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120007657','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120007657"><span>Compression After Impact on Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels With Thin Facesheets. Part 1; Experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>McQuigg, Thomas D.; Kapania, Rakesh K.; Scotti, Stephen J.; Walker, Sandra P.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A two part research study has been completed on the topic of compression after impact (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) of thin facesheet honeycomb core sandwich panels. The research has focused on both experiments and analysis in an effort to establish and validate a new understanding of the damage tolerance of these materials. Part one, the subject of the current paper, is focused on the experimental testing. Of interest are sandwich panels, with aerospace applications, which consist of very thin, woven S2-fiberglass (with MTM45-1 epoxy) facesheets adhered to a Nomex honeycomb core. Two sets of specimens, which were identical with the exception of the density of the honeycomb core, were tested. Static indentation and low velocity impact using a drop tower are used to study damage formation in these materials. A series of highly instrumented <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tests was then completed. New techniques used to observe <span class="hlt">CAI</span> response and failure include high speed video photography, as well as digital image correlation (DIC) for full-field deformation measurement. Two <span class="hlt">CAI</span> failure modes, indentation propagation, and crack propagation, were observed. From the results, it can be concluded that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> failure mode of these panels depends solely on the honeycomb core density.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130013421','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130013421"><span>Normalization of Impact Energy by Laminate Thickness for Compression After Impact Testing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nettles, A. T.; Hromisin, S. M.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The amount of impact energy used to damage a composite laminate is a critical parameter when assessing residual strength properties. The compression after impact (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) strength of impacted laminates is dependent upon how thick the laminate is and this has traditionally been accounted for by normalizing (dividing) the impact energy by the laminate's thickness. However, when comparing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> strength values for a given lay-up sequence and fiber/resin system, dividing the impact energy by the specimen thickness has been noted by the author to give higher <span class="hlt">CAI</span> strength values for thicker laminates. A study was thus undertaken to assess the comparability of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> strength data by normalizing the impact energy by the specimen thickness raised to a power to account for the higher strength of thicker laminates. One set of data from the literature and two generated in this study were analyzed by dividing the impact energy by the specimen thickness to the 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 powers. Results show that as laminate thickness and damage severity decreased, the value which the laminate thickness needs to be raised to in order to yield more comparable <span class="hlt">CAI</span> data increases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12710824','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12710824"><span>Psychological outcomes and gender-related development in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hines, Melissa; Ahmed, S Faisal; Hughes, Ieuan A</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>We evaluated psychological outcomes and gender development in 22 women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>). Participants were recruited through a medical database (n = 10) or through a patient support group (n = 12). Controls included 14 males and 33 females, of whom 22 were matched to women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> for age, race, and sex-of-rearing. Outcome measures included quality of life (self-esteem and psychological general well-being), gender-related psychological characteristics (gender identity, sexual orientation, and gender role behavior in childhood and adulthood), marital status, personality traits that show sex differences, and hand preferences. Women recruited through the database versus the support group did not differ systematically, and there were no statistically significant differences between the 22 women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and the matched controls for any psychological outcome. These findings argue against the need for two X chromosomes or ovaries to determine feminine-typical psychological development in humans and reinforce the important role of the androgen receptor in influencing masculine-typical psychological development. They also suggest that psychological outcomes in women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> are similar to those in other women. However, additional attention to more detailed aspects of psychological well-being in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> is needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5159641','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5159641"><span>CLINICAL COMMENTARY ON MIDFOOT AND FOREFOOT INVOLVEMENT IN LATERAL ANKLE SPRAINS AND CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY. PART 2: CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Feger, Mark A.; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) and chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) are common musculoskeletal injuries that are a result of inversion injury during sport. The midfoot and forefoot is frequently injured during a LAS, is often overlooked during clinical examination, and maybe contributory to the development of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The purpose of part two of this clinical commentary and current concept review is to increase clinician's awareness of the contribution of midfoot and forefoot impairment to functional limitation and disability of individuals who experience LAS and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and to facilitate future research in this area. The importance of multisegmented foot and ankle assessment from a clinical and research perspective is stressed. Select physical assessment and manual therapeutic techniques are presented to assist the clinician in examination and treatment of the ankle-foot complex in patients with LAS and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. PMID:27999731</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2856126','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2856126"><span>The relationship of social support to treatment entry and engagement: The Community Assessment Inventory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kelly, Sharon M.; O'Grady, Kevin E.; Schwartz, Robert P.; Peterson, James A.; Wilson, Monique E.; Brown, Barry S.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of a measure of social support, the Community Assessment Inventory (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), and to examine the role of social support in recovery. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) were administered to 196 opioid-dependent adults in (n = 135) or out of methadone treatment (n = 61) in Baltimore, Maryland between 2004 and 2006. Baseline <span class="hlt">CAI</span> scale scores indicated a generally high level of internal consistency (α scores). Pearson correlations showed that the scales were stable and had good discriminant validity with the ASI composite scores. One-way analysis of variance indicated that in-treatment participants reported significantly more support at baseline than out-of-treatment participants. This study's findings indicate the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may be a useful measure of social support and that such support is an important factor in treatment entry. PMID:20391269</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3303070','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3303070"><span>Computer-assisted instruction in curricula of physical therapist assistants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thompson, E C</p> <p>1987-08-01</p> <p>This article compares the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) with written, programmed instruction between two groups of physical therapist assistant students. No significant difference in the amount of material learned or retained after completion of testing using either <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or a written, programmed text was found in this group of 16 subjects. Learning style or attitude about computers did not correlate strongly with performance after the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Findings suggest that more research is needed to support decisions related to fiscal allotments for computer use in college curricula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006943','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006943"><span>The impact of common APSE interface set specifications on space station information systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Diaz-Herrera, Jorge L.; Sibley, Edgar H.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Certain types of software facilities are needed in a Space Station Information Systems Environment; the Common APSE (Ada Program Support Environment) Interface Set (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) was proposed as a means of satisfying them. The reasonableness of this is discussed by examining the current <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, considering the changes due to the latest Requirements and Criteria (RAC) document, and postulating the effects on the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> 2.0. Finally, a few additional comments are made on the problems inherent in the Ada language itself, especially on its deficiencies when used for implementing large distributed processing and data base applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919797','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919797"><span>Dominant behaviours in the expression of human carbonic anhydrase hCA I activity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abdelrahim, M Yahia M; Tanc, Muhammet; Winum, Jean-Yves; Supuran, Claudiu T; Barboiu, Mihail</p> <p>2014-07-28</p> <p>Here we describe the screening via Dynamic Deconvolution of DCLs of inhibitors (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) and activators (CAAs) of hCA I. The inhibitory effects dominate over the activating ones, while the CAAs may be identified in the absence of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998M%26PS...33...75G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998M%26PS...33...75G"><span>TEM study of compact Type A Ca,Al-rich inclusions from CV3 chondrites: Clues to their origin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Greshake, Ansgar; Bischoff, Addi; Putnis, Andrew</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>A transmission electron microscope study of three coarse-grained Type A Ca,Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from Allende, Acfer 082 and Acfer 086 (all CV3 chondrites) was performed in order to decipher their origin and effects of possible metamorphism. The constituent minerals of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are found to exhibit very similar microstructural characteristics in each of the inclusions studied. In general, the minerals show a well-developed equilibrium texture with typical 120 triple junctions. Melilites are clearly considerably strained and characterized by high dislocation densities up to 3 x 1011 cm-2. The dislocations have Burgers vectors of [001], [110] or [011] and often form subgrain boundaries subparallel {100}. Melilite in the Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> additionally contains thin amorphous lamellae mostly oriented parallel to {001}. Fassaite (Al-Ti-diopside) is almost featureless even on the TEM scale. Only a few sub-planar dislocation walls composed of dislocations with Burgers vectors [001] and 1/2 [110] were detected. Although enclosed within the highly strained melilites, the euhedral spinels contain only low dislocation densities (<2 x 104 cm-2). In the Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, spinels were found twinned on {111}. Perovskite is also characterized by a low number of linear lattice defects. All grains possess orthorhombic symmetry and are commonly twinned according to a 90 rotation around [101]. Many crystals exhibit typical domain structures as well as curved twin walls where two orthogonal sets intersect. In addition to the mineral phases described above, tiny inclusions of the simple oxides CaO and TiO2 were found within melilite (CaO), spinel (CaO, TiO2) and perovskite (CaO, TiO2). Based on these observations it is assumed that at the beginning of the formation of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> a condensed solid precursor was present. Euhedral spinels poikilitically enclosed within melilites suggest that this solid aggregate was then molten. If the pure oxides represent relict condensates, their presence proves</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1326453-oxygen-isotopic-variations-outer-margins-warklovering-rims-refractory-inclusions','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1326453-oxygen-isotopic-variations-outer-margins-warklovering-rims-refractory-inclusions"><span>Oxygen isotopic variations in the outer margins and Wark–Lovering rims of refractory inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Simon, Justin I.; Matzel, Jennifer E. P.; Simon, Steven B.; ...</p> <p>2016-05-02</p> <p>Oxygen isotopic variations across the outer margins and Wark–Lovering (WL) rims of a diverse suite of six coarse-grained Types A and B refractory inclusions from both oxidized and reduced CV3 chondrites suggest that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> originated from a 16O-rich protosolar gas reservoir and were later exposed to both relatively 17,18O-rich and 16O-rich reservoirs. The O-isotope profiles of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> can be explained by changes in the composition of gas near the protoSun or the migration of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> through a heterogeneous nebula. Variability within the inclusion interiors appears to have been set prior to WL rim growth. Modeling the isotopic zoning profiles asmore » diffusion gradients between inclusion interiors and edges establishes a range of permissible time–temperature combinations for their exposure in the nebula. At mean temperatures of 1400 K, models that match the isotope gradients in the inclusions yield timescales ranging from 5 × 10 3 to 3 × 10 5 years. Assuming <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> originated with a relatively 16O-rich (protosolar) isotopic composition, differences among the melilite interiors and the isotopic gradients in their margins imply the existence of a number of isotopically distinct reservoirs. In addition, evidence at the edges of some <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> for subsequent isotopic exchange may relate to the beginning of rim formation. In the WL rim layers surrounding the interiors, spinel is relatively 16O-rich but subtly distinct among different <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Melilite is often relatively 16O-poor, but rare relatively 16O-rich grains also exist. Pyroxene generally exhibits intermediate O-isotope compositions and isotopic zoning. Olivine in both WL and accretionary rims, when present, is isotopically heterogeneous. The extreme isotopic heterogeneity among and within individual WL rim layers and in particular, the observed trends of outward 16O-enrichments, suggest that rims surrounding <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contained in CV3 chondrites, like the inclusions themselves, formed from a number of isotopically distinct</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182009','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182009"><span>Chronic ankle instability and corticomotor excitability of the fibularis longus muscle.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pietrosimone, Brian G; Gribble, Phillip A</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Neuromuscular deficits are common in people with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Corticomotor pathways are very influential in the production of voluntary muscle function, yet these pathways have not been evaluated in people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. To determine if corticomotor excitability of the fibularis longus (FL) differs between individuals with unilateral <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and matched control participants without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Case-control study. Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (4 men, 6 women; age = 21.2 ± 1.23 years, height = 175.13 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 77.1 ± 13.58 kg) and 10 people without <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (4 men, ± women; age = 21.2 ± 2.3 years; height = 172.34 ± 8.86 cm, mass = 73.4 ± 7.15 kg) volunteered for this study. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed over the motor cortex on neurons corresponding with the FL. All testing was performed with the participant in a seated position with a slightly flexed knee joint and the ankle secured in 10 8 of plantar flexion. The resting motor threshold (RMT), which was expressed as a percentage of 2 T, was considered the lowest amount of magnetic energy that would induce an FL motor evoked potential equal to or greater than 20 l V, as measured with surface electromyography, on 7 consecutive stimuli. In addition, the Functional Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and FADI Sport were used to assess self-reported function. Higher RMTs were found in the injured and uninjured FL of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group (60.8% ± 8.4% and 59.1% ± 8.99%, respectively) than the healthy group (52.8% ± 8.56% and 52% ± 7.0%, respectively; F(1,18) = 4.92, P = .04). No leg x group interactions (F(1,18) = 0.1, P = .76) or between-legs differences (F(1,18) = 0.74, P = .40) were found. A moderate negative correlation was found between RMT and FADI (r = 0.4, P = .04) and FADI Sport (r = 0.44, P = .03), suggesting that higher RMT is related to lower self-reported function. Higher bilateral RMTs may indicate deficits in FL corticomotor excitability in people</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..136H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..136H"><span>Microstructures and formation history of melilite-rich calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Han, Jangmi; Brearley, Adrian J.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We have studied four melilite-rich calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from the Allan Hills A77307 CO3.0 chondrite using transmission electron microscopy with the focused ion beam sample preparation technique. This type of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> represents one of the dominant types of refractory inclusions in CO3 chondrites. Individual melilite-rich <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> 04-07 record complex formational histories involving high-temperature gas-solid condensation that occurred under both equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 04 contains two texturally- and compositionally-distinct occurrences of perovskite: fine-grained perovskite within a melilite-rich core and aggregates of perovskite grains that surround the core. The perovskite in the core was probably involved in a disequilibrium reaction with early equilibrium condensates (e.g., melilite and spinel) and a nebular gas to form Al-Ti-rich diopside, followed by a later condensation of the perovskite aggregates under equilibrium conditions. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 05 has a compact melilite-rich core surrounded by a porous mantle, and likely formed by at least two different condensation events under equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions. In <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 06, complex intergrowth layers of spinel and diopside surrounding a melilite-rich core indicate disequilibrium reaction of spinel and melilite with a nebular gas to form Al-Ti-rich diopside following core formation by equilibrium condensation. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 07 is dominated by melilite with a narrow compositional range and equilibrated textures, suggesting its formation by equilibrium condensation over a limited temperature range. Collectively, we infer that the melilite-rich inclusions formed by a generalized sequence of high-temperature gas-solid condensation that involved: (1) formation of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> cores by aggregation of primary equilibrium condensates (i.e., perovskite, spinel, and melilite), (2) back-reactions of the primary core minerals with a nebular gas under disequilibrium conditions, forming diopside that evolves in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Biostatistics+AND+Dentistry&id=EJ209809','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Biostatistics+AND+Dentistry&id=EJ209809"><span>An Evaluation of Computer-Aided Instruction in an Introductory Biostatistics Course.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Forsythe, Alan B.; Freed, James R.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Evaluates the effectiveness of computer assisted instruction for teaching biostatistics to first year students at the UCLA School of Dentistry. Results do not demonstrate the superiority of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> but do suggest that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compares favorably to conventional lecture and programed instruction methods. (RAO)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+cost&pg=5&id=EJ344231','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+cost&pg=5&id=EJ344231"><span>Framework for Computer Assisted Instruction Courseware: A Case Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Betlach, Judith A.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Systematically investigates, defines, and organizes variables related to production of internally designed and implemented computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) courseware: special needs of users; costs; identification and definition of realistic training needs; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> definition and design methodology; hardware and software requirements; and general…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3518839','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3518839"><span>Computer-assisted instruction: a library service for the community teaching hospital.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McCorkel, J; Cook, V</p> <p>1986-04-01</p> <p>This paper reports on five years of experience with computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) at Winthrop-University Hospital, a major affiliate of the SUNY at Stony Brook School of Medicine. It compares <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs available from Ohio State University and Massachusetts General Hospital (accessed by telephone and modem), and software packages purchased from the Health Sciences Consortium (MED-CAPS) and Scientific American (DISCOTEST). The comparison documents one library's experience of the cost of these programs and the use made of them by medical students, house staff, and attending physicians. It describes the space allocated for necessary equipment, as well as the marketing of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Finally, in view of the decision of the National Board of Medical Examiners to administer the Part III examination on computer (the so-called CBX) starting in 1988, the paper speculates on the future importance of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the community teaching hospital.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002378','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002378"><span>Microstructural Constraints on the Formation History of Hibonite in Refractory Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Han, J.; Koop, L.; Keller, L. P.; Davis, A. M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Hibonite is a primary refractory phase occurring in many Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), typically with spinel and perovskite [1]. Previous mi-crostructural studies of hibonite in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> revealed the presence of numerous stacking defects along the (001) plane and correlated non-stoichiometry in hibonite [2,3]. These features are interpreted as complex inter-growths of stoichiometric and Ca-deficient hibonites, as shown by experimental studies of reaction-sintered CaO-Al2O3 compounds [4]. Here, we extend our transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies to hibonite-bearing <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CM chondrites that have been well characterized isotopically [5-7]. In addition, we have undertaken a series of anneal-ing experiments to explore the effect of minor elements (Mg and Ti) on the microstucure of hibonite [8,9,this study]. The results of these experiments are being applied to hibonite in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in order to better understand its formation conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=443238','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=443238"><span>Cardiac contractile dysfunction during mild coronary flow reductions is due to an altered calcium-pressure relationship in rat hearts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Figueredo, V M; Brandes, R; Weiner, M W; Massie, B M; Camacho, S A</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Coronary artery stenosis or occlusion results in reduced coronary flow and myocardial contractile depression. At severe flow reductions, increased inorganic phosphate (Pi) and intracellular acidosis clearly play a role in contractile depression. However, during milder flow reductions the mechanism(s) underlying contractile depression are less clear. Previous perfused heart studies demonstrated no change of Pi or pH during mild flow reductions, suggesting that changes of intravascular pressure (garden hose effect) may be the mediator of this contractile depression. Others have reported conflicting results regarding another possible mediator of contractility, the cytosolic free calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>). To examine the respective roles of <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Pi, pH, and vascular pressure in regulating contractility during mild flow reductions, Indo-1 calcium fluorescence and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements were performed on Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. <span class="hlt">Cai</span> and diastolic calcium levels did not change during flow reductions to 50% of control. Pi demonstrated a close relationship with developed pressure and significantly increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 4.2 +/- 0.4 mumol/g dry weight during a 25% flow reduction. pH was unchanged until a 50% flow reduction. Increasing vascular pressure to superphysiological levels resulted in further increases of developed pressure, with no change in <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that during mild coronary flow reductions, contractile depression is mediated by an altered relationship between <span class="hlt">Cai</span> and pressure, rather than by decreased <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. Furthermore, increased Pi and decreased intravascular pressure may be responsible for this altered calcium-pressure relationship during mild coronary flow reductions. PMID:1430205</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27998513','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27998513"><span>Sexual orientation and medical history among Iranian people with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khorashad, Behzad S; Roshan, Ghasem M; Reid, Alistair G; Aghili, Zahra; Hiradfar, Mehran; Afkhamizadeh, Mozhgan; Talaei, Ali; Aarabi, Azadeh; Ghaemi, Nosrat; Taghehchian, Negin; Saberi, Hedieh; Farahi, Nazanin; Abbaszadegan, Mohammad Reza</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>To report sexual orientation, relationship status and medical history of Iranian people with Differences of Sex Development (DSD) who were raised female. Our participants consisted of nineteen 46,XY individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) and eighteen 46,XX individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) who were raised as females and older than 13years. As well as their relationship status and detailed medical history, an expert psychiatrist assessed their sexual orientation by a semi-structured psychiatric interview with them and, where applicable, their parents. Five percent of CAH participants and 42% of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> participants were in a relationship, which was significantly different. All CAH individuals had been diagnosed at birth; 89% of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> had been diagnosed after puberty and due to primary amenorrhea and 11% were diagnosed in childhood due to inguinal hernia. Genital reconstructive surgery had been performed in 100% of CAH participants and 37% of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. Regarding sexual contact experiences and sexual fantasies (androphilic, gynephilic or both), no significant differences were found. However, CAH females had significantly more gynephilic dreams (P=0.045). This study, notable as one of the rare from a non-western culture, described sexual, medical and socioeconomic status of 46,XX CAH and 46,XY <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> individuals living in Iran. Although broadly in line with previous findings from Western cultures, Iranian CAH individuals had fewer romantic relationships, but in contrast to previous studies their sexual orientation was only different from <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> in the contents of sexual dreams. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18302125','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18302125"><span>[The application of new technologies to solving maths problems for students with learning disabilities: the 'underwater school'].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miranda-Casas, A; Marco-Taverner, R; Soriano-Ferrer, M; Melià de Alba, A; Simó-Casañ, P</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Different procedures have demonstrated efficacy to teach cognitive and metacognitive strategies to problem solving in mathematics. Some studies have used computer-based problem solving instructional programs. To analyze in students with learning disabilities the efficacy of a cognitive strategies training for problem solving, with three instructional delivery formats: a teacher-directed program (T-D), a computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) program, and a combined program (T-D + <span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Forty-four children with mathematics learning disabilities, between 8 and 10 years old participated in this study. The children were randomly assigned to one of the three instructional formats and a control group without cognitive strategies training. In the three instructional conditions which were compared all the students learnt problems solving linguistic and visual cognitive strategies trough the self-instructional procedure. Several types of measurements were used for analysing the possible differential efficacy of the three instructional methods implemented: solving problems tests, marks in mathematics, internal achievement responsibility scale, and school behaviours teacher ratings. Our findings show that the T-D training group and the T-D + <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group improved significantly on math word problem solving and on marks in Maths from pre- to post-testing. In addition, the results indicated that the students of the T-D + <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group solved more real-life problems and developed more internal attributions compared to both control and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> groups. Finally, with regard to school behaviours, improvements in school adjustment and learning problems were observed in the students of the group with a combined instructional format (T-D + <span class="hlt">CAI</span>).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23712983','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23712983"><span>Internet marketing directed at children on food and restaurant websites in two policy environments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kent, M Potvin; Dubois, L; Kent, E A; Wanless, A J</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Food and beverage marketing has been associated with childhood obesity yet little research has examined the influence of advertising policy on children's exposure to food/beverage marketing on the Internet. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Quebec's Consumer Protection Act and the self-regulatory Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on food manufacturer and restaurant websites in Canada. A content analysis of 147 French and English language food and restaurant websites was undertaken. The presence of child-directed content was assessed and an analysis of marketing features, games and activities, child protection features, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle messages was then examined on those sites with child-directed content. There were statistically no fewer French language websites (n = 22) with child-directed content compared to English language websites (n = 27). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of the various marketing features, or in the average number of marketing features between the English and French websites. There were no fewer <span class="hlt">CAI</span> websites (n = 14) with child-directed content compared to non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> websites (n = 13). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> sites had more healthy lifestyle messages and child protection features compared to the non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> sites. Systematic surveillance of the Consumer Protection Act in Quebec is recommended. In the rest of Canada, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> needs to be significantly expanded or replaced by regulatory measures to adequately protect children from the marketing of foods/beverages high in fat, sugar, and sodium on the Internet. Copyright © 2012 The Obesity Society.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=osmosis&pg=7&id=EJ386301','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=osmosis&pg=7&id=EJ386301"><span>A Comparative Evaluation of Computer Based and Non-Computer Based Instructional Strategies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Emerson, Ian</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Compares the computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tutorial with its non-computerized pedagogical roots: the Socratic Dialog with Skinner's Programmed Instruction. Tests the effectiveness of a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tutorial on diffusion and osmosis against four other interactive and non-interactive instructional strategies. Notes computer based strategies were…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA206394','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA206394"><span>Evaluation and Validation (E&V) Team Public Report Volume 4</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>group’s accomplishments include: a proposal for developing new technology including enhancements to ACEC (from a prioritized list of requirements) and...SEVWG) Status Report SEVWG reported no deliverables due. The group’s accomplishments include: the Guidebook entry for <span class="hlt">CAIS/CAIS</span>-A; interchange meeting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED319357.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED319357.pdf"><span>Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Approaches to Computer-Assisted Instruction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Levin, Henry M.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>Operating on the premise that different approaches to computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) may use different configurations of hardware and software, different curricula, and different organizational and personnel arrangements, this study explored the feasibility of collecting evaluations of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to evaluate the comparative cost-effectiveness of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633053','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633053"><span>Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome associated with male gender identity or female precocious puberty in the same family.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bermúdez de la Vega, José A; Fernández-Cancio, Mónica; Bernal, Susana; Audí, Laura</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In 4 complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) members of one family, 2 presented extreme and unusual clinical features: male gender identity disorder (case 1) and female precocious central puberty (case 2). The AR gene carried the mutation c.1752C>G, p.Phe584Leu. Gender dysphoria in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> may be considered as a true transgender and has been described in 3 other cases. Central precocious puberty has only been described in 1 case; Müllerian ducts in case 2 permitted menarche. Despite the common <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> phenotype, there was a familial disparity for gender identity adequacy and timing and type of puberty.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10152479','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10152479"><span>Education review: a computer-assisted instructional tool to assist students in developing an epidemiological research proposal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Watzlaf, V J; Addeo, L; Nous, A</p> <p>1995-11-01</p> <p>The development of an epidemiological research proposal can be a difficult assignment for junior health information management students. The article demonstrates how a computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tool was developed to assist students in the development of an epidemiological research proposal. Surveys were conducted to determine where students were having the most problems, information about writing a research proposal was gathered and organized into an appropriate format, appropriate software (Hypercard) was chosen, the final <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool (the Research and Grant Writer) was developed, and positive feedback was obtained from junior health information management students using the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371676','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371676"><span>The effects of computer-assisted instruction on the mathematics performance and classroom behavior of children with ADHD.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mautone, Jennifer A; DuPaul, George J; Jitendra, Asha K</p> <p>2005-08-01</p> <p>The present study examines the effects of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on the mathematics performance and classroom behavior of three second-through fourth-grade students with ADHD. A controlled case study is used to evaluate the effects of the computer software on participants' mathematics performance and on-task behavior. Participants' mathematics achievement improve and their on-task behavior increase during the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> sessions relative to independent seatwork conditions. In addition, students and teachers consider <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to be an acceptable intervention for some students with ADHD who are having difficulty with mathematics. Implications of these results for practice and research are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5094842','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5094842"><span>Modulation of the Fibularis Longus Hoffmann Reflex and Postural Instability Associated With Chronic Ankle Instability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kim, Kyung-Min; Hart, Joseph M.; Saliba, Susan A.; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) present with decreased modulation of the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) from a simple to a more challenging task. The neural alteration is associated with impaired postural control, but the relationship has not been investigated in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Objective: To determine differences in H-reflex modulation and postural control between individuals with or without <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and to identify if they are correlated in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 15 volunteers with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (9 males, 6 females; age = 22.6 ± 5.8 years, height = 174.7 ± 8.1 cm, mass = 74.9 ± 12.8 kg) and 15 healthy sex-matched volunteers serving as controls (9 males, 6 females; age = 23.8 ± 5.8 years, height = 171.9 ± 9.9 cm, mass = 68.9 ± 15.5 kg) participated. Intervention(s): Maximum H-reflex (Hmax) and motor wave (Mmax) from the soleus and fibularis longus were recorded while participants lay prone and then stood in unipedal stance. We assessed postural tasks of unipedal stance with participants' eyes closed for 10 seconds using a forceplate. Main Outcome Measure(s): We normalized Hmax to Mmax to obtain Hmax : Mmax ratios for the 2 positions. For each muscle, H-reflex modulation was quantified using the percentage change scores in Hmax : Mmax ratios calculated from prone position to unipedal stance. Center-of-pressure data were used to compute 4 time-to-boundary variables. Separate independent-samples t tests were performed to determine group differences. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated between the modulation and balance measures in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Results: The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group presented less H-reflex modulation in the soleus (t26 = −3.77, P = .001) and fibularis longus (t25 = −2.59, P = .02). The mean of the time-to-boundary minima in the anteroposterior direction was lower in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group (t28 = −2.06, P = .048</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=unicorn&pg=5&id=EJ313682','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=unicorn&pg=5&id=EJ313682"><span>Is the Computer Revolution About to Happen in the Classroom?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Smith, S.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Both practical and irrational factors will substantially delay the widespread use of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in Australia's schools, including the following: lack of suitable software, insufficient hardware, ignorance of what <span class="hlt">CAI</span> offers, lack of expert advice, computer anxiety, reaction against computer zealots, and resistance to…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED295621.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED295621.pdf"><span>Proceedings of Selected Research Paper Presentations at the 1988 Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology and Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division (10th, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 14-19, 1988).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Simonson, Michael R., Ed.; Frederick, Jacqueline K., Ed.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The 54 papers in this volume represent some of the most current thinking in educational communications and technology. Individual papers address the following topics: feedback in computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>); cognitive style and cognitive strategies in <span class="hlt">CAI</span>; persuasive film-making; learning strategies; computer technology and children's word…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED125660.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED125660.pdf"><span>Computer Assisted Instruction. Papers Presented at the Association for Educational Data Systems Annual Convention (Phoenix, Arizona, May 3-7, 1976).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Association for Educational Data Systems, Washington, DC.</p> <p></p> <p>Two abstracts and seventeen articles on computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) presented at the 1976 Association for Educational Data Systems (AEDS) convention are included here. Four new computer programs are described: Author System for Education and Training (ASET); GNOSIS, a Swedish/English <span class="hlt">CAI</span> package; Statistical Interactive Programming System…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=early+AND+education+AND+without+AND+computer&pg=3&id=ED551642','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=early+AND+education+AND+without+AND+computer&pg=3&id=ED551642"><span>Evaluation of Imagine Learning English, a Computer-Assisted Instruction of Language and Literacy for Kindergarten Students</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Longberg, Pauline Oliphant</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>As computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) becomes increasingly sophisticated, its appeal as a viable method of literacy intervention with young children continues despite limited evidence of effectiveness. The present study sought to assess the impact of one such <span class="hlt">CAI</span> program, "Imagine Learning English" (ILE), on both the receptive…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=alternative+AND+medicine+AND+effectiveness&pg=2&id=EJ347592','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=alternative+AND+medicine+AND+effectiveness&pg=2&id=EJ347592"><span>A Text-Computer Assisted Instruction Program as a Viable Alternative for Continuing Education in Laboratory Medicine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bruce, A. Wayne</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Describes reasons for developing combined text and computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) teaching programs for delivery of continuing education to laboratory professionals, and mechanisms used for developing a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> program on method evaluation in the clinical laboratory. Results of an evaluation of the software's cost effectiveness and instructional…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=forecasts+AND+ai&id=EJ189163','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=forecasts+AND+ai&id=EJ189163"><span>Corporate Involvement in C AI</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Baker, Justine C.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>Historic perspective of computer manufacturers and their contribution to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Corporate <span class="hlt">CAI</span> products and services are mentioned, as is a forecast for educational involvement by computer corporations. A chart of major computer corporations shows gross sales, net earnings, products and services offered, and other corporate information. (RAO)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=soccer+AND+feedback&id=EJ528677','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=soccer+AND+feedback&id=EJ528677"><span>Analyzing and Modifying Coaching Behaviors by Means of Computer Aided Observation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Partridge, David; Franks, Ian M.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>This study examined the effectiveness of the Coaching Analysis Instrument (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), which collects data and provides feedback on coaches' verbal behaviors as they organize and instruct athletes during practices. Practice sessions were videotaped and analyzed. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> results helped modify the coaches' behaviors in positive ways. (SM)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED296701.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED296701.pdf"><span>Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction: A Review and Assessment of ICAI Research and Its Potential for Education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Dede, Christopher J.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>The first of five sections in this report places intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) in its historical context through discussions of traditional computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) linear and branching programs; TICCIT and PLATO IV, two <span class="hlt">CAI</span> demonstration projects funded by the National Science Foundation; generative programs, the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+computer+AND+games&pg=7&id=EJ333385','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+computer+AND+games&pg=7&id=EJ333385"><span>Music and Computing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Boody, Charles G., Ed.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Six articles on music and computing address development of computer-based music technology, computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in ear training and music fundamentals, a machine-independent data structure for musical pitch relationship representation, touch tablet input device in a melodic dictation <span class="hlt">CAI</span> game, and systematic evaluation strategies…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3808631','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3808631"><span>Evidence for supernova injection into the solar nebula and the decoupling of r-process nucleosynthesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Brennecka, Gregory A.; Borg, Lars E.; Wadhwa, Meenakshi</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The isotopic composition of our Solar System reflects the blending of materials derived from numerous past nucleosynthetic events, each characterized by a distinct isotopic signature. We show that the isotopic compositions of elements spanning a large mass range in the earliest formed solids in our Solar System, calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), are uniform, and yet distinct from the average Solar System composition. Relative to younger objects in the Solar System, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain positive r-process anomalies in isotopes A < 140 and negative r-process anomalies in isotopes A > 140. This fundamental difference in the isotopic character of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> around mass 140 necessitates (i) the existence of multiple sources for r-process nucleosynthesis and (ii) the injection of supernova material into a reservoir untapped by <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. A scenario of late supernova injection into the protoplanetary disk is consistent with formation of our Solar System in an active star-forming region of the galaxy. PMID:24101483</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28176169','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28176169"><span>Receipt and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence and Condomless Anal Intercourse Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Atlanta.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stephenson, Rob; Finneran, Catherine</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) rates are disproportionately high among sexual minority populations, with increasing evident that gay men experience IPV at the same rates as heterosexual women. This study examines the relationship between self-reported condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and IPV among a sample of 750 gay and bisexual men. Participants answered questions regarding recent receipt and perpetration of IPV using the IPV-GBM Scale (Cronbach Alpha 0.90). Of the sample, 46.1% reported recent receipt of any type of IPV and 33.6% reported recent perpetration of any type of IPV. Overall, 55.1% of participants reported <span class="hlt">CAI</span> at last sex. Significant associations were determined between several forms of IPV and increased odds of reporting <span class="hlt">CAI</span> at last sex. These findings suggest that IPV may be a risk factor for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> among men who have sex with men, and highlight the need to understand the IPV prevention and care needs of this population.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861731','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861731"><span>Developmental Change in the Effects of Sexual Partner and Relationship Characteristics on Sexual Risk Behavior in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Newcomb, Michael E; Mustanski, Brian</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Young men who have sex with men are substantially impacted by HIV/AIDS, and most new infections occur in serious romantic dyads. Young people experience substantial psychosocial and neurocognitive change between adolescence and emerging adulthood which impacts engagement in risk behaviors. We aimed to examine developmental change in the association between sexual partnership characteristics and condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Data were taken from an analytic sample of 114 young adult MSM from a longitudinal study of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth with 4-year follow-up. Rates of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were approximately 12 times higher in serious compared to casual partnerships, but this effect diminished in size over time. Partner age differences and violence were associated with more <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and these associations strengthened across development. Characteristics of serious relationships (e.g., power dynamics) were also examined. We discuss the need for HIV prevention strategies that address dyadic influences on <span class="hlt">CAI</span> during this critical developmental period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11205650','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11205650"><span>A randomized, controlled trial of interactive, multimedia software for patient colonoscopy education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shaw, M J; Beebe, T J; Tomshine, P A; Adlis, S A; Cass, O W</p> <p>2001-02-01</p> <p>The purpose of our study was to assess the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in patients having colonoscopies. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial in large, multispecialty clinic. Eighty-six patients were referred for colonoscopies. The interventions were standard education versus standard education plus <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and the outcome measures were anxiety, comprehension, and satisfaction. Computer-assisted instruction had no effect on patients' anxiety. The group receiving <span class="hlt">CAI</span> demonstrated better overall comprehension (p < 0.001). However, Comprehension of certain aspects of serious complications and appropriate postsedation behavior were unaffected by educational method. Patients in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group were more likely to indicate satisfaction with the amount of information provided when compared with the standard education counterparts (p = 0.001). Overall satisfaction was unaffected by educational method. Computer-assisted instruction for colonoscopy provided better comprehension and greater satisfaction with the adequacy of education than standard education. Computer-assisted instruction helps physicians meet their educational responsibilities with no decrement to the interpersonal aspects of the patient-physician relationship.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4600632','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4600632"><span>Developmental Change in the Effects of Sexual Partner and Relationship Characteristics on Sexual Risk Behavior in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Newcomb, Michael E.; Mustanski, Brian</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Young men who have sex with men (MSM) are substantially impacted by HIV/AIDS, and most new infections occur in serious romantic dyads. Young people experience substantial psychosocial and neurocognitive change between adolescence and emerging adulthood which impacts engagement in risk behaviors. We aimed to examine developmental change in the association between sexual partnership characteristics and condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Data were taken from an analytic sample of 114 YMSM from a longitudinal study of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth with 4-year follow-up. Rates of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were approximately 12 times higher in serious compared to casual partnerships, but this effect diminished in size over time. Partner age differences and violence were associated with more <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and these associations strengthened across development. Characteristics of serious relationships (e.g., power dynamics) were also examined. We discuss the need for HIV prevention strategies that address dyadic influences on <span class="hlt">CAI</span> during this critical developmental period. PMID:25861731</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4321801','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4321801"><span>SCREENING FOR PTSD AMONG INCARCERATED MEN</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>WOLFF, NANCY; GREGORY CHUGO, M; SHI, JING; HUENING, JESSICA; FRUEH, B. CHRISTOPHER</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Trauma exposure is overrepresented in incarcerated male populations and is linked to psychiatric morbidity, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study tests the feasibility, reliability, and validity of using computer-administered interviewing (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) versus orally administered interviewing (OAI) to screen for PTSD among incarcerated men. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to randomly assign 592 incarcerated men to screening modality. Findings indicate that computer screening was feasible. Compared with OAI, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> produced equally reliable screening information on PTSD symptoms, with test–retest intraclass correlations for the PTSD Checklist (PCL) total score ranging from .774 to .817, and the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale and PCL scores were significantly correlated for OAI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. These findings indicate that data on PTSD symptoms can be reliably and validly obtained from <span class="hlt">CAI</span> technology, increasing the efficiency by which incarcerated populations can be screened for PTSD, and those at risk can be identified for treatment. PMID:25673900</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24101483','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24101483"><span>Evidence for supernova injection into the solar nebula and the decoupling of r-process nucleosynthesis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brennecka, Gregory A; Borg, Lars E; Wadhwa, Meenakshi</p> <p>2013-10-22</p> <p>The isotopic composition of our Solar System reflects the blending of materials derived from numerous past nucleosynthetic events, each characterized by a distinct isotopic signature. We show that the isotopic compositions of elements spanning a large mass range in the earliest formed solids in our Solar System, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), are uniform, and yet distinct from the average Solar System composition. Relative to younger objects in the Solar System, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain positive r-process anomalies in isotopes A < 140 and negative r-process anomalies in isotopes A > 140. This fundamental difference in the isotopic character of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> around mass 140 necessitates (i) the existence of multiple sources for r-process nucleosynthesis and (ii) the injection of supernova material into a reservoir untapped by <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. A scenario of late supernova injection into the protoplanetary disk is consistent with formation of our Solar System in an active star-forming region of the galaxy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351193','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351193"><span>The Relationship Between Methamphetamine Use, Sexual Sensation Seeking and Condomless Anal Intercourse Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Vietnam: Results of a Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vu, Nga Thi Thu; Holt, Martin; Phan, Huong Thi Thu; La, Lan Thi; Tran, Gioi Minh; Doan, Tung Thanh; Nguyen, Trang Nhu Nguyen; de Wit, John</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>This study assessed the relationship between methamphetamine use and condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Of 622 MSM participants, 75.7% reported any <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the last three months, 23.2% reported engaging in sex work in the last three months, 21.1% reported group sex in the last twelve months (21.1%) and 14.3% had used methamphetamine for sex in the last three months. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was associated with living in Ho Chi Minh City vs. Hanoi, being versatile during anal sex, a greater degree of sexual sensation-seeking, and more strongly agreeing that withdrawal before ejaculation is effective in preventing HIV. Effect-modification analysis showed that recent sex-related methamphetamine use was related to a higher probability of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for men with low sexual sensationseeking scores. Methamphetamine assessment and/or interventions should be incorporated into HIV prevention and research with Vietnam's MSM population.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28290704','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28290704"><span>Predicting Manual Therapy Treatment Success in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: Improving Self-Reported Function.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wikstrom, Erik A; McKeon, Patrick O</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>  Therapeutic modalities that stimulate sensory receptors around the foot-ankle complex improve chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>)-associated impairments. However, not all patients have equal responses to these modalities. Identifying predictors of treatment success could improve clinician efficiency when treating patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.   To conduct a response analysis on existing data to identify predictors of improved self-reported function in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.   Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial.   Sports medicine research laboratories.   Fifty-nine patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, which was defined in accordance with the International Ankle Consortium recommendations.   Participants were randomized into 3 treatment groups (plantar massage [PM], ankle-joint mobilization [AJM], or calf stretching [CS]) that received six 5-minute treatments over 2 weeks.   Treatment success, defined as a patient exceeding the minimally clinically important difference of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport (FAAM-S).   Patients with ≤5 recurrent sprains and ≤82.73% on the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure had a 98% probability of having a meaningful FAAM-S improvement after AJM. As well, ≥5 balance errors demonstrated 98% probability of meaningful FAAM-S improvements from AJM. Patients <22 years old and with ≤9.9 cm of dorsiflexion had a 99% probability of a meaningful FAAM-S improvement after PM. Also, those who made ≥2 single-limb-stance errors had a 98% probability of a meaningful FAAM-S improvement from PM. Patients with ≤53.1% on the FAAM-S had an 83% probability of a meaningful FAAM-S improvement after CS.   Each sensory-targeted ankle-rehabilitation strategy resulted in a unique combination of predictors of success for patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Specific indicators of success with AJM were deficits in self-reported function, single-limb balance, and <5 previous sprains. Age, weight-bearing-dorsiflexion restrictions, and single-limb balance</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814667','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814667"><span>Assessment of Relationships Between Joint Motion Quality and Postural Control in Patients With Chronic Ankle Joint Instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bączkowicz, Dawid; Falkowski, Krzysztof; Majorczyk, Edyta</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Study Design Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional. Background Lateral ankle sprains are among the most common injuries encountered during athletic participation. Following the initial injury, there is an alarmingly high risk of reinjury and development of chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), which is dependent on a combination of factors, including sensorimotor deficits and changes in the biomechanical environment of the ankle joint. Objective To evaluate <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-related disturbances in arthrokinematic motion quality and postural control and the relationships between them. Methods Sixty-three male subjects (31 with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 32 healthy controls) were enrolled in the study. For arthrokinematic motion quality analysis, the vibroarthrographic signals were collected during ankle flexion/extension motion using an acceleration sensor and described by variability (variance of mean squares [VMS]), amplitude (mean of 4 maximal and 4 minimal values [R4]), and frequency (vibroarthrographic signal bands of 50 to 250 Hz [P1] and 250 to 450 Hz [P2]) parameters. Using the Biodex Balance System, single-leg dynamic balance was measured by overall, anteroposterior, and mediolateral stability indices. Results Values of vibroarthrographic parameters (VMS, R4, P1 and P2) were significantly higher in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group than those in the control group (P<.01). Similar results were obtained for all postural control parameters (overall, anteroposterior, and mediolateral stability indices; P<.05). Moreover, correlations between the overall stability index and VMS, and P1 and P2, as well as between the anteroposterior stability index and P1 and P2, were observed in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patient group, but not in controls. Conclusion In patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, deficits in both quality of ankle arthrokinematic motion and postural control were present. Therefore, physical therapy interventions focused on improving ankle neuromuscular control and arthrokinematic function are necessary in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patient care. J Orthop Sports</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.131...17G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.131...17G"><span>Mid-twentieth century increases in anthropogenic Pb, Cd and Cu in central Asia set in hemispheric perspective using <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan ice core</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grigholm, B.; Mayewski, P. A.; Aizen, V.; Kreutz, K.; Wake, C. P.; Aizen, E.; Kang, S.; Maasch, K. A.; Handley, M. J.; Sneed, S. B.</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>High-resolution major and trace element (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Na, Pb, S, Ti, and V) ice core records from Inilchek glacier (5120 m above sea level) on the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau provide the first multi-decadal ice core record spanning the period 1908-1995 AD in central <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan. The trace element records reveal pronounced temporal baseline trends and concentration maxima characteristic of post-1950 anthropogenic emissions. Examination of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations, along with non-crustal calculation estimates (i.e. excess (ex) and enrichment factor (EF)), reveal that discernable anthropogenic inputs began during the 1950s and rapidly increased to the late-1970s and early 1980s, by factors up to of 5, 6 and 3, respectively, relative to a 1910-1950 means. Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations between the 1950s-1980s are reflective of large-scale Soviet industrial and agricultural development, including the growth of production and/or consumption of the non-ferrous metals, coal and phosphate fertilizers. NOAA HYSPLIT back-trajectory frequency analysis suggests pollutant sources originating primarily from southern Kazakhstan (e.g. Shymkent and Balkhash) and the Fergana Valley (located in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan). Inilchek ice core Pb, Cd and Cu reveals declines during the 1980s concurrent with Soviet economic declines, however, due to the rapid industrial and agricultural growth of western China, Pb, Cd and Cu trends increase during the 1990s reflecting a transition from primarily central Asian sources to emission sources from western China (e.g. Xinjiang Province).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=reading+AND+instruction&pg=5&id=EJ1099524','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=reading+AND+instruction&pg=5&id=EJ1099524"><span>Is Computer-Aided Instruction an Effective Tier-One Intervention for Kindergarten Students at Risk for Reading Failure in an Applied Setting?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kreskey, Donna DeVaughn; Truscott, Stephen D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This study investigated the use of computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) as an intervention for kindergarten students at risk for reading failure. Headsprout Early Reading (Headsprout 2005), a type of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, provides internet-based, reading instruction incorporating the critical components of reading instruction cited by the National Reading Panel (NRP…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Choices%2c+AND+Values%2c+AND+Frames&pg=4&id=ED244603','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Choices%2c+AND+Values%2c+AND+Frames&pg=4&id=ED244603"><span>Inviting Success in Computer-Assisted Instruction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Henderson, Catherine</p> <p></p> <p>This paper reviews briefly the essential characteristics of both invitational education and computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and the ways in which coordination of these two models can produce stimulating and valuable educational experiences for students. A matrix illustrates the characteristics of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> which can support the major values of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006LPI....37.1213F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006LPI....37.1213F"><span>Al-Mg Isotopic Constraints on Alteration of Allende Ca-Al-rich Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fagan, T. J.; Guan, Y.; MacPherson, G. J.</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p>Multiple stages of alteration of Allende <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are implied from SIMS analyses of Al-Mg isotopes in secondary minerals from one B2 and one FTA <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. 26Mg-excesses are absent from most B2 analyses, but present in one B2 grossular and most FTA analyses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED079992.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED079992.pdf"><span>Religious Studies as a Test-Case For Computer-Assisted Instruction In The Humanities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Jones, Bruce William</p> <p></p> <p>Experiences with computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) programs written for religious studies indicate that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has contributions to offer the humanities and social sciences. The usefulness of the computer for presentation, drill and review of factual material and its applicability to quantifiable data is well accepted. There now exist…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=traditional+AND+school+AND+new+AND+school&pg=3&id=EJ1169225','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=traditional+AND+school+AND+new+AND+school&pg=3&id=EJ1169225"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction: A Case Study of Two Charter Schools</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Keengwe, Jared; Hussein, Farhan</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship in achievement gap between English language learners (ELLs) utilizing computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in the classroom, and ELLs relying solely on traditional classroom instruction. The study findings showed that students using <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to supplement traditional lectures performed better…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED029511.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED029511.pdf"><span>Computer-Based Instruction in Statistical Inference; Final Report. Technical Memorandum (TM Series).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rosenbaum, J.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A two-year investigation into the development of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for the improvement of undergraduate training in statistics was undertaken. The first year was largely devoted to designing PLANIT (Programming LANguage for Interactive Teaching) which reduces, or completely eliminates, the need an author of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> lessons would…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED119735.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED119735.pdf"><span>Use of an Interactive General-Purpose Computer Terminal to Simulate Training Equipment Operation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lahey, George F.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>Trainees from Navy Basic Electricity/Electronics School were assigned to receive either computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) or conventional individualized instruction in a segment of a course requiring use of a multimeter to measure resistance and current flow. The (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) group used PLATO IV plasma-screen terminals; individualized instruction…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26094945','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26094945"><span>Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonamide is a versatile lead compound for the development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Di Fiore, Anna; Vergara, Alessandro; Caterino, Marco; Alterio, Vincenzo; Monti, Simona M; Ombouma, Joanna; Dumy, Pascal; Vullo, Daniela; Supuran, Claudiu T; Winum, Jean-Yves; De Simone, Giuseppina</p> <p>2015-07-21</p> <p>Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonamide, a molecule incorporating two zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), has been investigated as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) by means of kinetic, crystallographic and Raman spectroscopy studies, highlighting interesting results on its mechanism of action. These data can be exploited to design new, effective and selective <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22principles+of+financial+accounting%22&id=EJ884613','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22principles+of+financial+accounting%22&id=EJ884613"><span>Computer Aided Instruction: A Study of Student Evaluations and Academic Performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Collins, David; Deck, Alan; McCrickard, Myra</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Computer aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) encompasses a broad range of computer technologies that supplement the classroom learning environment and can dramatically increase a student's access to information. Criticism of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> generally focuses on two issues: it lacks an adequate foundation in educational theory and the software is difficult to implement…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED084770.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED084770.pdf"><span>The Use of Modular Computer-Based Lessons in a Modification of the Classical Introductory Course in Organic Chemistry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stotter, Philip L.; Culp, George H.</p> <p></p> <p>An experimental course in organic chemistry utilized computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) techniques. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> lessons provided tutorial drill and practice and simulated experiments and reactions. The Conversational Language for Instruction and Computing was used, along with a CDC 6400-6600 system; students scheduled and completed the lessons at…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=direct+AND+allocation+AND+method&pg=6&id=ED204702','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=direct+AND+allocation+AND+method&pg=6&id=ED204702"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction: One Aid for Teachers of Reading.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rauch, Margaret; Samojeden, Elizabeth</p> <p></p> <p>Computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), an instructional system with direct interaction between the student and the computer, can be a valuable aid for presenting new concepts, for reinforcing of selective skills, and for individualizing instruction. The advantages <span class="hlt">CAI</span> provides include self-paced learning, more efficient allocation of classroom time,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+diagnosis&pg=3&id=ED320439','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+diagnosis&pg=3&id=ED320439"><span>Implications for Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Research and Practice in Foreign Language Learning, NFLC Occasional Papers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ginsberg, Ralph B.</p> <p></p> <p>Most of the now commonplace computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) uses computers to increase the capacity to perform logical, numerical, and symbolic computations. However, computers are an interactive and potentially intelligent medium. The implications of artificial intelligence (AI) for learning are more radical than those for traditional <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. AI…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28991043','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28991043"><span>Kinetic Compensations due to Chronic Ankle Instability during Landing and Jumping.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Hyunsoo; Son, S Jun; Seeley, Matthew K; Hopkins, J Ty</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Skeletal muscles absorb and transfer kinetic energy during landing and jumping, which are common requirements of various forms of physical activity. Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is associated with impaired neuromuscular control and dynamic stability of the lower extremity. Little is known regarding an intralimb, lower-extremity joint coordination of kinetics during landing and jumping for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients. We investigated the effect of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on lower-extremity joint stiffness and kinetic and energetic patterns across the ground contact phase of landing and jumping. One hundred <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients and 100 matched able-bodied controls performed five trials of a landing and jumping task (a maximal vertical forward jump, landing on a force plate with the test leg only, and immediate lateral jump toward the contralateral side). Functional analyses of variance and independent t-tests were used to evaluate between-group differences for lower-extremity net internal joint moment, power, and stiffness throughout the entire ground contact phase of landing and jumping. Relative to the control group, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group revealed (i) reduced plantarflexion and knee extension and increased hip extension moments; (ii) reduced ankle and knee eccentric and concentric power, and increased hip eccentric and concentric power, and (iii) reduced ankle and knee joint stiffness and increased hip joint stiffness during the task. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients seemed to use a hip-dominant strategy by increasing the hip extension moment, stiffness, and eccentric and concentric power during landing and jumping. This apparent compensation may be due to decreased capabilities to produce sufficient joint moment, stiffness, and power at the ankle and knee. These differences might have injury risk and performance implications.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23657166','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23657166"><span>Gait kinematics of subjects with ankle instability using a multisegmented foot model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>De Ridder, Roel; Willems, Tine; Vanrenterghem, Jos; Robinson, Mark; Pataky, Todd; Roosen, Philip</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>Many patients who sustain an acute lateral ankle sprain develop chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Altered ankle kinematics have been reported to play a role in the underlying mechanisms of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. In previous studies, however, the foot was modeled as one rigid segment, ignoring the complexity of the ankle and foot anatomy and kinematics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate stance phase kinematics of subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers, and controls during walking and running using both a rigid and a multisegmented foot model. Foot and ankle kinematics of 77 subjects (29 subjects with self-reported <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 24 copers, and 24 controls) were measured during barefoot walking and running using a rigid foot model and a six-segment Ghent Foot Model. Data were collected on a 20-m-long instrumented runway embedded with a force plate and a six-camera optoelectronic system. Groups were compared using statistical parametric mapping. Both the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the coper group showed similar differences during midstance and late stance compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The rigid foot segment showed a more everted position during walking compared with the control group. Based on the Ghent Foot Model, the rear foot also showed a more everted position during running. The medial forefoot showed a more inverted position for both running and walking compared with the control group. Our study revealed significant midstance and late stance differences in rigid foot, rear foot, and medial forefoot kinematics The multisegmented foot model demonstrated intricate behavior of the foot that is not detectable with rigid foot modeling. Further research using these models is necessary to expand knowledge of foot kinematics in subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21301131','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21301131"><span>Intracellular calcium and the mechanism of anodal supernormal excitability in langendorff perfused rabbit ventricles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Joung, Boyoung; Park, Hyung-Wook; Maruyama, Mitsunori; Tang, Liang; Song, Juan; Han, Seongwook; Piccirillo, Gianfranco; Weiss, James N; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Anodal stimulation hyperpolarizes the cell membrane and increases the intracellular Ca(2+) (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)) transient. This study tested the hypothesis that the maximum slope of the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) decline (-(dCa(i)/dt)(max)) corresponds to the timing of anodal dip on the strength-interval curve and the initiation of repetitive responses and ventricular fibrillation (VF) after a premature stimulus (S(2)). We simultaneously mapped the membrane potential (V(m)) and <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in 23 rabbit ventricles. A dip in the anodal strength-interval curve was observed. During the anodal dip, ventricles were captured by anodal break excitation directly under the S(2) electrode. The <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) following anodal stimuli is larger than that following cathodal stimuli. The S(1)-S(2) intervals of the anodal dip (203±10 ms) coincided with the -(dCa(i)/dt)(max) (199±10 ms, P=NS). BAPTA-AM (n=3), inhibition of the electrogenic Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger current (I(NCX)) by low extracellular Na(+) (n=3), and combined ryanodine and thapsigargin infusion (n=2) eliminated the anodal supernormality. Strong S(2) during the relative refractory period (n=5) induced 29 repetitive responses and 10 VF episodes. The interval between S(2) and the first non-driven beat was coincidental with the time of -(dCa(i)/dt)(max). Larger <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transient and I(NCX) activation induced by anodal stimulation produces anodal supernormality. The time of maximum I(NCX) activation is coincidental to the induction of non-driven beats from the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole after a strong premature stimulation. All rights are reserved to the Japanese Circulation Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732649','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732649"><span>Hypopituitarism: growth hormone and corticotropin deficiency.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Capatina, Cristina; Wass, John A H</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>This article presents an overview of adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) and corticotropin deficiency (central adrenal failure, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Both conditions can result from various ailments affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland (most frequently a tumor in the area or its treatment). Clinical manifestations are subtle in AGHD but potentially life-threatening in <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The diagnosis needs dynamic testing in most cases. Treatment of AGHD is recommended in patients with documented severe deficiency, and treatment of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is mandatory in all cases. Despite significant progress in replacement hormonal therapy, more physiologic treatments and more reliable indicators of treatment adequacy are still needed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019121','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019121"><span>Constraints on formation processes of two coarse-grained calcium- aluminum-rich inclusions: a study of mantles, islands and cores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Meeker, G.P.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>Many coarse-grained calcium- aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) contain features that are inconsistent with equilibrium liquid crystallization models of origin. Spinel-free islands (SFIs) in spinel-rich cores of Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are examples of such features. One model previously proposed for the origin of Allende 5241, a Type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> containing SFIs, involves the capture and assimilation of xenoliths by a liquid droplet in the solar nebula (El Goresy et al, 1985; MacPherson et al 1989). This study reports new textural and chemical zoning data from 5241 and identifies previously unrecognized chemical zoning patterns in the melilite mantle and in a SFI. -from Author</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140002418','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140002418"><span>Radiogenic Ingrowth of 40CA from Decay of 40K Provides a Powerful Tracer for Understanding the Origins of Felsic Magmas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mills, Ryan D.; Simon, Justin I.; Depaolo, Donald J.; Bachmann, Olivier</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Over time high K/Ca continental crust produces a unique Ca isotopic reservoir, with measurable 40Ca excesses compared to Earth's mantle (?Ca=0). Thus, values of ?<span class="hlt">Cai</span> > 1 indicate a significant crustal contribution to a magma. Values of ?<span class="hlt">Cai</span> (<1) indistinguishable from mantle Ca indicate that the Ca in those magmas is either directly from the mantle, or is from partial melting of newly formed crust. So, whereas 40Ca excesses clearly define crustal contributions, mantle-like 40Ca/44Ca ratios are not as definitive. Here we present Ca isotopic measurements of intermediate to felsic igneous rocks from the western United States, and two crustal xenoliths found within the Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT). The two crustal xenoliths found within the 28.2 Ma FCT of the southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (SRMVF) yield ?Ca values of 4 and 7.5, respectively. The 40Ca excesses of these possible source rocks are due to long-term in situ 40K decay and suggest that they are Precambrian in age. However, the FCT (?<span class="hlt">Cai</span> 0.3) is within uncertainty of the mantle 40Ca/44Ca. Together, these data indicate that little Precambrian crust was involved in the petrogenesis of the FCT. Nd isotopic analyses of the FCT imply that it was generated from 10- 75% of an enriched component, and the Ca isotopic data appear to restrict that component to newly formed lower crust, or enriched mantle. However, the Ca isotopic data do permit assimilation of some crust with low Ca/Nd; decreasing the 143Nd/144Nd without adding much excess 40Ca to the FCT. Several other large tuffs from the SRMVF and from Yellowstone have ?<span class="hlt">Cai</span> indistinguishable from the mantle. However, a few large tuffs from the SRMVF show significant 40Ca excesses. These tuffs (Wall Mountain, Blue Mesa, and Grizzly Peak) are likely sourced from near, or within the Colorado Mineral Belt. New isotopic measurements of Mesozoic and Tertiary granites from across the northern Great Basin show a range of ?<span class="hlt">Cai</span> from 0 to 3. In these samples ?<span class="hlt">Cai</span> is generally</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3499885','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3499885"><span>Chronic Ankle Instability and Corticomotor Excitability of the Fibularis Longus Muscle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pietrosimone, Brian G.; Gribble, Phillip A.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Context Neuromuscular deficits are common in people with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Corticomotor pathways are very influential in the production of voluntary muscle function, yet these pathways have not been evaluated in people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Objective To determine if corticomotor excitability of the fibularis longus (FL) differs between individuals with unilateral <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and matched control participants without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Design Case-control study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Ten people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (4 men, 6 women; age = 21.2 ± 1.23 years, height = 175.13 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 77.1 ± 13.58 kg) and 10 people without <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (4 men, 6 women; age = 21.2 ± 2.3 years; height = 172.34 ± 8.86 cm, mass = 73.4 ± 7.15 kg) volunteered for this study. Main Outcome Measure(s) Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed over the motor cortex on neurons corresponding with the FL. All testing was performed with the participant in a seated position with a slightly flexed knee joint and the ankle secured in 10° of plantar flexion. The resting motor threshold (RMT), which was expressed as a percentage of 2 T, was considered the lowest amount of magnetic energy that would induce an FL motor evoked potential equal to or greater than 20 μV, as measured with surface electromyography, on 7 consecutive stimuli. In addition, the Functional Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and FADI Sport were used to assess self-reported function. Results Higher RMTs were found in the injured and uninjured FL of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group (60.8% ± 8.4% and 59.1% ± 8.99%, respectively) than the healthy group (52.8% ± 8.56% and 52% ± 7.0%, respectively; F1,18 = 4.92, P = .04). No leg × group interactions (F1,18 = 0.1, P = .76) or between-legs differences (F1,18 = 0.74, P = .40) were found. A moderate negative correlation was found between RMT and FADI (r = −0.4, P = .04) and FADI Sport (r = −0.44, P = .03), suggesting that higher RMT is related to lower self-reported function. Conclusions Higher</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Quasi+AND+Experimental+AND+Research+AND+Title&pg=3&id=ED234119','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Quasi+AND+Experimental+AND+Research+AND+Title&pg=3&id=ED234119"><span>Longitudinal Evaluation of the Computer Assisted Instruction, Title I Project, 1979-82.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lavin, Richard J.; Sanders, Jean E.</p> <p></p> <p>The Computer-Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) Project is an alternative, supplementary approach to providing reading, mathematics, and language arts instruction in schools in six northeastern Massachusetts communities. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> activities are provided as a supplement to instruction in Title I/Chapter I programs. Beginning in 1979, a 3-year research study…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=oncology&pg=5&id=EJ362523','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=oncology&pg=5&id=EJ362523"><span>A Comparison of Computer-Assisted Instruction and Tutorials in Hematology and Oncology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Garrett, T. J.; And Others</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>A study comparing the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and small group instruction found no significant difference in medical student achievement in oncology but higher achievement through small-group instruction in hematology. Students did not view <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as more effective, but saw it as a supplement to traditional methods. (MSE)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED262433.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED262433.pdf"><span>Beyond Word Processing: Rhetorical Invention with Computers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Strickland, James</p> <p></p> <p>In the area of composition, computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) must move beyond the limited concerns of the current-traditional rhetoric to address the larger issues of writing, become process-centered, and involve active writing rather than answering multiple-choice questions. Researchers cite four major types of interactive <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, the last of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Birth+AND+control+AND+public+AND+school&pg=2&id=ED279950','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Birth+AND+control+AND+public+AND+school&pg=2&id=ED279950"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction to Avert Teen Pregnancy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Starn, Jane Ryburn; Paperny, David M.</p> <p></p> <p>Teenage pregnancy has become a major public health problem in the United States. A study was conducted to assess an intervention based upon computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) to avert teenage pregnancy. Social learning and decision theory were applied to mediate the adolescent environment through <span class="hlt">CAI</span> so that adolescent development would be…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED354861.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED354861.pdf"><span>In Search of New Ideas, Research Findings, and Emerging Technologies? Here's Where To Find Them.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Powell, Gary C.</p> <p></p> <p>There are many avenues available to computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) practitioners and developers in search of access to new ideas, research findings, and emerging technologies that will assist them in developing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> products. Seven such avenues are described in detail: (1) graduate student interns, who bring unique insights, theory, and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED267449.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED267449.pdf"><span>Computers, Invention, and the Power to Change Student Writing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Strickland, James</p> <p></p> <p>A study examined the quantity and quality of ideas produced in freshman composition students' writing to determine whether computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) stimulates invention as well as or better than current invention instruction in traditional classrooms. Two <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs were used: QUEST, the systematic program that examines an item/event…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED021353.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED021353.pdf"><span>Computer Assisted Instruction for the Mentally Retarded.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Providence Coll., RI.</p> <p></p> <p>Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for the mentally retarded is described; the advantages of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (which generally follows the pattern of programed instruction) are listed; and the roles of the teacher and the student are summarized. The coursewriter is explained, and its use as an experimental tool discussed. Guidelines are given covering…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+AND+cost&pg=2&id=EJ215482','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+AND+cost&pg=2&id=EJ215482"><span>Microelectronics and Music Education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hofstetter, Fred T.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>This look at the impact of microelectronics on computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in music notes trends toward new applications and lower costs. Included are: a rationale for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in music, a list of sample programs, comparison of five microelectronic music systems, PLATO cost projections, and sources of further information. (SJL)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED020529.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED020529.pdf"><span>THE COMPUTER AS AN AID TO INSTRUCTION AND GUIDANCE IN THE SCHOOL.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>IMPELLITTERI, JOSEPH T.</p> <p></p> <p>COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN EDUCATION ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF--(1) A DESCRIPTION OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) AND COUNSELING, (2) THE NUMBER AND TYPES OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED DEVELOPMENTS, (3) THE NATURE OF THE PENN STATE UNIVERSITY PROGRAM, (4) TENTATIVE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTATION USING <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, AND (5) IMPLICATIONS AND PROJECTIONS FOR THE…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=advertising+AND+advantages&pg=5&id=ED238509','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=advertising+AND+advantages&pg=5&id=ED238509"><span>The Impact of Computer Assisted Instruction As It Relates to Learning Disabled Adults in California Community Colleges.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brower, Mary Jo</p> <p></p> <p>A study was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of using computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) with learning disabled (LD) adults attending California community colleges. A questionnaire survey of the directors of the LD programs solicited information on the availability of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for LD adults, methods of course advertisement,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=lonigan%2c+christopher&pg=6&id=EJ674627','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=lonigan%2c+christopher&pg=6&id=EJ674627"><span>A Computer-Assisted Instruction Phonological Sensitivity Program for Preschool Children At-Risk for Reading Problems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lonigan, Christopher J.; Driscoll, Kimberly; Phillips, Beth M.; Cantor, Brenlee G.; Anthony, Jason L.; Goldstein, Howard</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>A study evaluated the use of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) to provide training in phonological sensitivity skills to 45 preschool children at-risk for reading problems. Children exposed to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> made significantly greater gains on rhyming and elision skills compared to controls. Expressive vocabulary scores were predictive of pre- to posttest…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=computer+AND+mathematic&id=EJ1159683','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=computer+AND+mathematic&id=EJ1159683"><span>Computer-Assisted Mathematics Instruction for Students with Specific Learning Disability: A Review of the Literature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stultz, Sherry L.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This review was conducted to evaluate the current body of scholarly research regarding the use of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) to teach mathematics to students with specific learning disability (SLD). For many years, computers are utilized for educational purposes. However, the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for teaching mathematics to this specific…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=OSCE&pg=4&id=EJ968966','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=OSCE&pg=4&id=EJ968966"><span>A Method for Evaluating Competency in Assessment and Management of Suicide Risk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hung, Erick K.; Binder, Renee L.; Fordwood, Samantha R.; Hall, Stephen E.; Cramer, Robert J.; McNiel, Dale E.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Objective: Although health professionals increasingly are expected to be able to assess and manage patients' risk for suicide, few methods are available to evaluate this competency. This report describes development of a competency-assessment instrument for suicide risk-assessment (<span class="hlt">CAI-S</span>), and evaluates its use in an objective structured clinical…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=process+AND+gratification&pg=4&id=ED236555','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=process+AND+gratification&pg=4&id=ED236555"><span>Beyond the Computer: Reading as a Process of Intellectual Development.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Thompson, Mark E.</p> <p></p> <p>With more than 100,000 computers in public schools across the United States, the impact of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on students' reading behavior needs to be evaluated. In reading laboratories, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has been found to provide an efficient and highly motivating means of teaching specific educational objectives. Yet, while computer…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22531143-correlation-sup-ca-sup-ti-sup-la-heterogeneity-allende-refractory-inclusions','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22531143-correlation-sup-ca-sup-ti-sup-la-heterogeneity-allende-refractory-inclusions"><span>CORRELATION OF {sup 48}Ca, {sup 50}Ti, AND {sup 138}La HETEROGENEITY IN THE ALLENDE REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chen, Hsin-Wei; Lee, Typhoon; Lee, Der-Chuen</p> <p>2015-06-10</p> <p>Precise determinations of {sup 48}Ca anomalies in Allende calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are reported in this work. There are endemic positive {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca anomalies in all analyzed <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> after normalization to {sup 42}Ca/{sup 44}Ca, and it is clearly shown that there is no simple correlation between {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca and {sup 50}Ti/{sup 48}Ti anomalies, in agreement with Jungck et al. Compared to the {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca versus {sup 50}Ti/{sup 48}Ti correlation line defined by differentiated meteorites, reported by Chen et al., the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> plot to elevated {sup 50}Ti/{sup 48}Ti. Assuming the {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca anomalies of both <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and differentiatedmore » meteorites came from the same source, excess {sup 50}Ti anomalies in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> can be calculated by subtracting the part associated with {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca. These excesses show a linear correlation with {sup 138}La anomalies, a neutrino-process nuclide. According to current stellar nucleosynthetic models, we therefore suggest that the solar system {sup 48}Ca, {sup 50}Ti, and {sup 138}La isotopic variations are made of mixtures between grains condensed from ejecta of neutron-rich accretion-induced SNe Ia and the O/Ne–O/C zone of core-collapse SNe II.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11718695','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11718695"><span>Alternations in quantities and activities of erythrocyte cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chiang, W L; Chu, S C; Lai, J C; Yang, S F; Chiou, H L; Hsieh, Y S</p> <p>2001-12-01</p> <p>This study was designed to evaluate the quantitative and activity alterations of cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the erythrocytes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals. Western Blot and CA esterase activity analysis were employed to measure cytosolic erythrocyte CA isoenzymes. The total CA activities were analyzed from erythrocytes of 30 healthy and 30 G6PD-deficient individuals. The mean values with standard error (SE) were 22.9+/-1.69 U/gHb and 27.2+/-2.1 U/gHb (P<0.01), respectively. The ratio of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CAII of G6PD-deficient individuals (1.28+/-0.06) was significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (3.79+/-0.18) (P<0.001). Furthermore, the concentration of CAIII in G6PD-deficient individuals was significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (P<0.001) and there were significant correlations between the concentration of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, CAII, CAIII, and ratio of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CAII, and the activity concentration of G6PD. Different carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes may serve different roles in the G6PD-deficient erythrocyte. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> could be used as an indicator for hemolytic anemia. CAII is able to compensate for the functions of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and increased expression of CAII will promote oxidative damage. CAIII can provide the G6PD-deficient persons with some extent of protection against oxidative damage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569289','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569289"><span>Management of advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer with and without cartilage invasion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scherl, Claudia; Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos; Semrau, Sabine; Fietkau, Rainer; Kapsreiter, Markus; Koch, Michael; Traxdorf, Maximilian; Grundtner, Philipp; Iro, Heinrich</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>To compare efficacy, in terms of disease control/survival in advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal lesions, according to treatment strategy (primary surgery, PS or primary chemoradiotherapy, CRT) and invasion pattern (cartilage, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or soft tissue involvement, STI). Records from 463 patients with T3 and T4a carcinoma with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (n=221) or STI (n=242) treated at a university clinic over 18 years were retrospectively reviewed. Disease-specific survival (DSS) for the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group was 70.1% (PS) and 38.4% (CRT), and 76.6% and 46% for the STI group, respectively. Overall survival (OS) for STI was 56.4% (PS) and 30.6% (CRT), and for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 51.1% (PS) and 28.5% (CRT) respectively. Positive resection margins and regional neck metastases reduced survival. T3 lesions treated non-operatively still had significantly improved survival versus T4a by >20%. Surgery remains an indispensable part of treatment in local advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer with high survival results. It should be part of a concept that includes adjuvant (C)RT. For T3 lesions, primary CRT is also acceptable and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is not a contraindication for primary CRT. Regional disease is a strong prognostic factor. In spite of adjuvant treatment, DSS deteriorates by about 20% in cases with positive resection margins. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25452569','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25452569"><span>Neural Activation During Mental Rotation in Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: The Influence of Sex Hormones and Sex Chromosomes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Hemmen, Judy; Veltman, Dick J; Hoekzema, Elseline; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T; Dessens, Arianne B; Bakker, Julie</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Sex hormones, androgens in particular, are hypothesized to play a key role in the sexual differentiation of the human brain. However, possible direct effects of the sex chromosomes, that is, XX or XY, have not been well studied in humans. Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>), who have a 46,XY karyotype but a female phenotype due to a complete androgen resistance, enable us to study the separate effects of gonadal hormones versus sex chromosomes on neural sex differences. Therefore, in the present study, we compared 46,XY men (n = 30) and 46,XX women (n = 29) to 46,XY individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> (n = 21) on a mental rotation task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Previously reported sex differences in neural activation during mental rotation were replicated in the control groups, with control men showing more activation in the inferior parietal lobe than control women. Individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> showed a female-like neural activation pattern in the parietal lobe, indicating feminization of the brain in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. Furthermore, this first neuroimaging study in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> provides evidence that sex differences in regional brain function during mental rotation are most likely not directly driven by genetic sex, but rather reflect gonadal hormone exposure. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26067161','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26067161"><span>Altered visual focus on sensorimotor control in people with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Terada, Masafumi; Ball, Lindsay M; Pietrosimone, Brian G; Gribble, Phillip A</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of the combination of chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and altered visual focus on strategies for dynamic stability during a drop-jump task. Nineteen participants with self-reported <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 19 healthy participants performed a drop-jump task in looking-up and looking-down conditions. For the looking-up condition, participants looked up and read a random number that flashed on a computer monitor. For the looking-down condition, participants focused their vision on the force plate. Sagittal- and frontal-plane kinematics in the hip, knee and ankle were calculated at the time points of 100 ms pre-initial foot contact to ground and at IC. The resultant vector time to stabilisation was calculated with ground reaction force data. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group demonstrated less hip flexion at the point of 100 ms pre-initial contact (P < 0.01), and less hip flexion (P = 0.03) and knee flexion at initial contact (P = 0.047) compared to controls. No differences in kinematics or dynamic stability were observed in either looking-up or looking-down conditions (P > 0.05). Altered visual focus did not influence movement patterns during the drop-jump task, but the presence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> did. The current data suggests that centrally mediated changes associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may lead to global alterations in the sensorimotor control.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27639218','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27639218"><span>Postural stabilization after single-leg vertical jump in individuals with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nunes, Guilherme S; de Noronha, Marcos</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>To investigate the impact different ways to define reference balance can have when analysing time to stabilization (TTS). Secondarily, to investigate the difference in TTS between people with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and healthy controls. Cross-sectional study. Laboratory. Fifty recreational athletes (25 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 25 controls). TTS of the center of pressure (CoP) after maximal single-leg vertical jump using as reference method the single-leg stance, pre-jump period, and post-jump period; and the CoP variability during the reference methods. The post-jump reference period had lower values for TTS in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction when compared to single-leg stance (P = 0.001) and to pre-jump (P = 0.002). For TTS in the medio-lateral (ML) direction, the post-jump reference period showed lower TTS when compared to single-leg stance (P = 0.01). We found no difference between <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and control group for TTS for any direction. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group showed more CoP variability than control group in the single-leg stance reference period for both directions. Different reference periods will produce different results for TTS. There is no difference in TTS after a maximum vertical jump between groups. People with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> have more CoP variability in both directions during single-leg stance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002053','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002053"><span>Ti Isotopes: Echoes of Grain-Scale Heterogenaity in the Protoplanetary Disk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jordan, M. K.; Kohl, I. E.; McCain, K. A.; Simon, J. I.; Young, E. D.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are the oldest surviving solids to have formed in the Solar System. Their chemical and isotopic compositions provide a record of the conditions present in the protoplanetary disk where they formed and can aid our understanding of how solids formed in the solar nebula, an important step in the eventual process of planet building. The isotopic compositions of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are primarily controlled by volatility. Evaporation/sublimation are well understood through both theory and experimental work to produce an enrichment in the heavy isotopes of an element, but less is understood about the effects of condensation. Mass-dependent fractionation can potentially provide a record of nebular condensation. Ti is not likely to experience evaporation due to its refractory nature, making it a useful tool for assessing the effects of condensation. We have undertaken a study of the stable isotope fractionation of Ti isotopes as a tracer of processes that predate the last evaporation events affecting <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. We compare the 49Ti/47Ti stable isotope ratio with excess 50Ti common in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. We have collected Ti, Mg, Si, and Ca isotope data for a suite of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in order to search for heterogeneity in each of these isotope systems, and for potential correlations among them. We compare our results to expectations for condensation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3276358','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3276358"><span>Metabolic Acidosis Increases Intracellular Calcium in Bone Cells Through Activation of the Proton Receptor OGR1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Frick, Kevin K; Krieger, Nancy S; Nehrke, Keith; Bushinsky, David A</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Metabolic acidosis increases urine Ca without increasing intestinal absorption, leading to bone Ca loss. It is unclear how bone cells detect the increase in proton concentration. To determine which G protein-coupled proton sensing receptors are expressed in bone, PCR was performed, and products were detected for OGR1, TDAG8, G2A, and GPR4. We tested the hypothesis that the G protein-coupled proton sensor, OGR1, is an H+-sensing receptor in bone. To determine whether acid-induced bone resorption involves OGR1, we incubated mouse calvariae in neutral pH (NTL) or acidic (MET) medium ± the OGR1 inhibitor CuCl2. CuCl2 decreased MET-induced Ca efflux. We used fluorescent imaging of perfused bone cells to determine whether MET increases <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. Perfusion with MET induced a rapid, flow-independent, increase in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in individual bone cells. To determine whether transfection of OGR1 into a heterologous cell type would increase <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in response to H+, we perfused Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with mouse OGR1 cDNA. Perfusion with MET induced a rapid increase in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in OGR1-transfected CHO cells. These data indicate that OGR1 induces an increase in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in response to MET and is a prime candidate for an osteoblast proton sensor. PMID:18847331</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847331','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847331"><span>Metabolic acidosis increases intracellular calcium in bone cells through activation of the proton receptor OGR1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frick, Kevin K; Krieger, Nancy S; Nehrke, Keith; Bushinsky, David A</p> <p>2009-02-01</p> <p>Metabolic acidosis increases urine Ca without increasing intestinal absorption, leading to bone Ca loss. It is unclear how bone cells detect the increase in proton concentration. To determine which G protein-coupled proton sensing receptors are expressed in bone, PCR was performed, and products were detected for OGR1, TDAG8, G2A, and GPR4. We tested the hypothesis that the G protein-coupled proton sensor, OGR1, is an H(+)-sensing receptor in bone. To determine whether acid-induced bone resorption involves OGR1, we incubated mouse calvariae in neutral pH (NTL) or acidic (MET) medium +/- the OGR1 inhibitor CuCl(2). CuCl(2) decreased MET-induced Ca efflux. We used fluorescent imaging of perfused bone cells to determine whether MET increases <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>). Perfusion with MET induced a rapid, flow-independent, increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in individual bone cells. To determine whether transfection of OGR1 into a heterologous cell type would increase <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in response to H(+), we perfused Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with mouse OGR1 cDNA. Perfusion with MET induced a rapid increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in OGR1-transfected CHO cells. These data indicate that OGR1 induces an increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in response to MET and is a prime candidate for an osteoblast proton sensor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GeCoA..65..435A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GeCoA..65..435A"><span>Thermal effects on rare earth element and strontium isotope chemistry in single conodont elements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Armstrong, H. A.; Pearson, D. G.; Griselin, M.</p> <p>2001-02-01</p> <p>A low-blank, high sensitivity isotope dilution, ICP-MS analytical technique has been used to obtain REE abundance data from single conodont elements weighing as little as 5 μg. Sr isotopes can also be measured from the column eluants enabling Sr isotope ratios and REE abundance to be determined from the same dissolution. Results are comparable to published analyses comprising tens to hundreds of elements. To study the effects of thermal metamorphism on REE and strontium mobility in conodonts, samples were selected from a single bed adjacent to a basaltic dyke and from the internationally used colour alteration index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) "standard set." Our analyses span the range of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 1 to 8. Homogeneous REE patterns, "bell-shaped" shale-normalised REE patterns are observed across the range of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 1 to 6 in both sample sets. This pattern is interpreted as the result of adsorption during early diagenesis and could reflect original seawater chemistry. Above <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 6 REE patterns become less predictable and perturbations from the typical REE pattern are likely to be due to the onset of apatite recrystallisation. Samples outside the contact aureole of the dyke have a mean 87Sr/ 86Sr ratio of 0.708165, within the broad range of published mid-Carboniferous seawater values. Our analysis indicates conodonts up to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 6 record primary geochemical signals that may be a proxy for ancient seawater.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699410','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699410"><span>Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cystic Macular Lesions in Children With X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Verbakel, Sanne K; van de Ven, Johannes P H; Le Blanc, Linda M P; Groenewoud, Joannes M M; de Jong, Eiko K; Klevering, B Jeroen; Hoyng, Carel B</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Little is known regarding the therapeutic effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) in the management of cystic macular lesions in children with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) despite the fact that this disease often manifests during childhood. Therefore, our goal was to determine the efficacy of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the treatment of cystic macular lesions in children with XLRS. We used <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> to treat cystic macular lesions in 18 eyes of nine children with XLRS. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> treatment with the best-corrected visual acuity and foveal zone thickness (FZT) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A reduction of at least 22.4% in FZT was defined as objective evidence of response. Five of nine (55.6%) XLRS patients showed a significant reduction of FZT in both eyes over a median treatment interval of 6.8 months (range, 1-23). In four of five (80.0%) patients, this reduction was already apparent after 1 month of treatment. An improvement of visual acuity was observed in five eyes (27.8%) of three patients (33.3%). Six patients (66.6%) reported minor side effects. Treatment with <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> decreased FZT in more than half of the children with XLRS. This effect was observed within 1 month in the majority of patients. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor treatment restores retinal anatomy and may contribute to creating optimal circumstances for gene therapy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC23H..04M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC23H..04M"><span>Holocene River Dynamics, Climate Change and Floodwater Farming in the Watersheds of the Pamir and <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan Mountains of Inner Asia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Macklin, M. G.; Panyushkina, I. P.; Toonen, W. H. J.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The Ili, Syr Dayra and Amu Dayra rivers of Inner Asia are emerging as critical areas for the development of irrigation-based agriculture in the ancient world. Following research by Russian archaeologists in the 1970s it is evident that these watersheds had flourishing riverine civilizations comparable to those in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. But unlike these areas where the relationship between Holocene river dynamics, climate change and floodwater farming is increasingly underpinned by radiometric dating, the alluvial archaeology of Inner Asia is significantly under researched. To address this, a major multi-disciplinary research program was begun in 2011 centred on the Talgar catchment, a south-bank tributary of the Ili river, southeast Kazakhstan. Building on archaeological excavations and surveys conducted over the past 20 years, we have undertaken one of the most detailed investigations of Holocene people-river environment interactions in Inner Asia. River development has been reconstructed over the last 20,000 years and human settlement histories from the Eneolithic to the Medieval period documented. Periods of Holocene river aggradation and high water levels in Lake Balkhash and Aral Sea correspond with cooler and wetter neoglacial episodes while river entrenchment and floodplain soil development are associated with warmer and drier conditions. Floodwater farming in the Talgar river reached its acme in the late Iron Age (400-200 cal. BC) with more than 60 settlement sites and 550 burial mounds. This corresponds to a period of reduced flood flows, river stability and glacier retreat in the <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan headwaters. A new hydroclimatic-based model for the spatial and temporal dynamics of floodwater farming in the Ili, Syr Dayra and Amu Dayra watersheds is proposed, which explains the large scale expansion (down-river) and contraction (up-river) of settlements since the first use of irrigation in the Neolithic through to the late Medieval period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007E%26PSL.257..104L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007E%26PSL.257..104L"><span>Devonian paleomagnetism of the North <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan: Implications for the middle-Late Paleozoic paleogeography of Eurasia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Levashova, Natalia M.; Mikolaichuk, Alexander V.; McCausland, Philip J. A.; Bazhenov, Mikhail L.; Van der Voo, Rob</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>The Ural-Mongol belt (UMB), between Siberia, Baltica and Tarim, is widely recognized as the locus of Asia's main growth during the Paleozoic, but its evolution remains highly controversial, as illustrated by the disparate paleogeographic models published in the last decade. One of the largest tectonic units of the UMB is the Kokchetav-North <span class="hlt">Tien</span> Shan Domain (KNTD) that stretches from Tarim in the south nearly to the West Siberian Basin. The KNTD comprises several Precambrian microcontinents and numerous remnants of Early Paleozoic island arcs, marginal basins and accretionary complexes. In Late Ordovician time, all these structures had amalgamated into a single contiguous domain. Its paleogeographic position is of crucial importance for elucidating the Paleozoic evolution of the UMB in general and of the Urals in particular. The Aral Formation, located in Kyrgyzstan in the southern part of the KNTD, consists of a thick Upper Devonian (Frasnian) basalt-andesite sequence. Paleomagnetic data show a dual-polarity characteristic component (Dec/Inc = 286° / + 56°, α95 = 9°, k = 21, N = 15 sites). The primary origin of this magnetization is confirmed by a positive test on intraformational conglomerates. We combine this result with other Paleozoic data from the KNTD and show its latitudinal motion from the Late Ordovician to the end of the Paleozoic. The observed paleolatitudes are found to agree well with the values extrapolated from Baltica to a common reference point (42.5°N, 73°E) in our sampling area for the entire interval; hence coherent motion of the KNTD and Baltica is strongly indicated for most of the Paleozoic. This finding contradicts most published models of the UMB evolution, where the KNTD is separated from Baltica by a rather wide Ural Ocean containing one or more major plate boundaries. An exception is the model of Şengör and Natal'in [A.M.C. Şengör, B.A. Natal'in, Paleotectonics of Asia: fragments of a synthesis, in: A. Yin and M. Harrison (eds</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.226..206B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.226..206B"><span>Origins of mass-dependent and mass-independent Ca isotope variations in meteoritic components and meteorites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bermingham, K. R.; Gussone, N.; Mezger, K.; Krause, J.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The Ca isotope composition of meteorites and their components may vary due to mass-dependent and/or -independent isotope effects. In order to evaluate the origin of these effects, five amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs), three calcium aluminum inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), five chondrules (C), a dark inclusion from Allende (CV3), two dark fragments from North West Africa 753 (NWA 753; R3.9), and a whole rock sample of Orgueil (CI1) were analyzed. This is the first coupled mass-dependent and -independent Ca isotope dataset to include AOAs, a dark inclusion, and dark fragments. Where sample masses permit, Ca isotope data are reported with corresponding petrographic analyses and rare earth element (REE) relative abundance patterns. The <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and AOAs are enriched in light Ca isotopes (δ44/40Ca -5.32 to +0.72, where δ44/40Ca is reported relative to SRM 915a). Samples <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 5 and AOA 1 have anomalous Group II REE patterns. These REE and δ44/40Ca data suggest that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 5 and AOA 1 compositions were set via kinetic isotope fractionation during condensation and evaporation. The remaining samples show mass-dependent Ca isotope variations which cluster between δ44/40Ca +0.53 and +1.59, some of which are coupled with unfractionated REE abundance patterns. These meteoritic components likely formed through the coaccretion of the evaporative residue and condensate following Group II <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation or their chemical and isotopic signatures were decoupled (e.g., via nebular or parent-body alteration). The whole rock sample of Orgueil has a δ44/40Ca +0.67 ± 0.18 which is in agreement with most published data. Parent-body alteration, terrestrial alteration, and variable sampling of Ca-rich meteoritic components can have an effect on δ44/40Ca compositions in whole rock meteorites. Samples AOA 1, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 5, C 2, and C 4 display mass-independent 48/44Ca anomalies (ε48/44Ca +6 to +12) which are resolved from the standard composition. Other samples measured for these effects (AOA 5, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 1, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2578521','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2578521"><span>The First Expert <span class="hlt">CAI</span> System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Feurzeig, Wallace</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The first expert instructional system, the Socratic System, was developed in 1964. One of the earliest applications of this system was in the area of differential diagnosis in clinical medicine. The power of the underlying instructional paradigm was demonstrated and the potential of the approach for valuably supplementing medical instruction was recognized. Twenty years later, despite further educationally significant advances in expert systems technology and enormous reductions in the cost of computers, expert instructional methods have found very little application in medical schools.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105561.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105561.pdf"><span>Comparative Effects of Two Modes of Computer-Assisted Instructional Package on Solid Geometry Achievement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Gambari, Isiaka Amosa; Ezenwa, Victoria Ifeoma; Anyanwu, Romanus Chogozie</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The study examined the effects of two modes of computer-assisted instructional package on solid geometry achievement amongst senior secondary school students in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Also, the influence of gender on the performance of students exposed to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>(AT) and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>(AN) packages were examined. This study adopted a pretest-posttest…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Quasi+AND+Experimental+AND+Research+AND+Title&pg=3&id=ED233122','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Quasi+AND+Experimental+AND+Research+AND+Title&pg=3&id=ED233122"><span>Evaluation of the Computer Assisted Instruction Title I Project, 1980-81.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Metrics Associates, Inc., Chelmsford, MA.</p> <p></p> <p>For the third year, six Massachusetts communities incorporated computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) into their regular Title I programs, for students in grades 1 through 9. It was hoped that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> would produce reading and mathematics gains over and above those which are characteristic of more conventional Title I instructional approaches. A pretest,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=douglas&id=EJ1161160','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=douglas&id=EJ1161160"><span>Keeping the Focus on Underserved Students, Privilege, and Power: A Reaction to Clements and Sarama</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kitchen, Richard; Berk, Sarabeth</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In our response to Clements and Sarama (2017), we address the 5 issues that they identify as criticisms of our Research Commentary (Kitchen & Berk, 2016). As in our original commentary, we highlight concerns we have regarding the delivery of [computer-assisted instruction] <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs and potential misuses of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, particularly at Title I…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=wiley&pg=6&id=EJ787628','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=wiley&pg=6&id=EJ787628"><span>The Current Status of Instructional Design Theories in Relation to Today's Authoring Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>O'Neil, A. Fred</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>It is of course very difficult to accurately project important characteristics of the future state of any rapidly evolving field, and the field of authoring systems for computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is no exception. However, strong trends in evolving <span class="hlt">CAI</span> systems of today would seem to indicate some important characteristics of the software…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED281504.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED281504.pdf"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction: Authoring Languages. ERIC Digest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Reeves, Thomas C.</p> <p></p> <p>One of the most perplexing tasks in producing computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is the authoring process. Authoring is generally defined as the process of turning the flowcharts, control algorithms, format sheets, and other documentation of a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> program's design into computer code that will operationalize the simulation on the delivery system.…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Participation+AND+decision-making&pg=7&id=EJ975700','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Participation+AND+decision-making&pg=7&id=EJ975700"><span>Using Computer-Assisted Interviewing to Consult with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Exploratory Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Barrow, Wilma; Hannah, Elizabeth F.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This article explores the use of computer-assisted interviewing (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) as a tool for consulting with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This is considered within the context of a research study which utilized one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programme, "In My Shoes", to investigate children and young people's views of provision, support, and participation in…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dos+AND+commands&pg=2&id=EJ447443','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dos+AND+commands&pg=2&id=EJ447443"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction to Teach DOS Commands: A Pilot Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McWeeney, Mark G.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Describes a computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) program used to teach DOS commands. Pretest and posttest results for 65 graduate students using the program are reported, and it is concluded that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> program significantly aided the students. Sample screen displays for the program and several questions from the pre/posttest are included. (nine…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=identify+AND+tree&pg=7&id=ED049616','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=identify+AND+tree&pg=7&id=ED049616"><span>RASCAL: A Rudimentary Adaptive System for Computer-Aided Learning.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stewart, John Christopher</p> <p></p> <p>Both the background of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) systems in general and the requirements of a computer-aided learning system which would be a reasonable assistant to a teacher are discussed. RASCAL (Rudimentary Adaptive System for Computer-Aided Learning) is a first attempt at defining a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> system which would individualize the learning…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=computer+AND+mathematic&pg=4&id=EJ982125','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=computer+AND+mathematic&pg=4&id=EJ982125"><span>Secondary School Students' Attitudes towards Mathematics Computer--Assisted Instruction Environment in Kenya</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mwei, Philip K.; Wando, Dave; Too, Jackson K.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This paper reports the results of research conducted in six classes (Form IV) with 205 students with a sample of 94 respondents. Data represent students' statements that describe (a) the role of Mathematics teachers in a computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) environment and (b) effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in Mathematics instruction. The results indicated…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=coding+AND+sheet&pg=6&id=ED252183','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=coding+AND+sheet&pg=6&id=ED252183"><span>The Foundation and Development of Computer Assisted Instruction in the Field of Reading from Its Inception to the Present.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Zuberman, Lea K.</p> <p></p> <p>This critical review and evaluation of the literature covers the field of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and reading from its inception to the present day. Seventeen research studies are discussed as well as four surveys of previous research in this field. Major issues addressed include the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and computer managed…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5490389','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5490389"><span>Using Symptom and Interference Questionnaires to Identify Recovery Among Children With Anxiety Disorders</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Questionnaires are widely used in routine clinical practice to assess treatment outcomes for children with anxiety disorders. This study was conducted to determine whether 2 widely used child and parent report questionnaires of child anxiety symptoms and interference (Spence Child Anxiety Scale [SCAS-C/P] and Child Anxiety Impact Scale [<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-C/P]) accurately identify recovery from common child anxiety disorder diagnoses as measured by a ‘gold-standard’ diagnostic interview. Three hundred thirty-seven children (7–12 years, 51% female) and their parents completed the ADIS-IV-C/P diagnostic interview and questionnaire measures (SCAS-C/P and <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-C/P) before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) treatment or wait-list. Time 2 parent reported interference (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P) was found to be a good predictor of absence of any diagnoses (area under the curve [AUC] = .81). In terms of specific diagnoses, Time 2 SCAS-C/P separation anxiety subscale (SCAS-C/P-SA) identified recovery from separation anxiety disorder well (SCAS-C-SA, AUC = .80; SCAS-P-SA, AUC = .82) as did the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P (AUC = .79). The <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P also successfully identified recovery from social phobia (AUC = .78) and generalized anxiety disorder (AUC = .76). These AUC values were supported by moderate to good sensitivity (.70–.78) and specificity (.70–.73) at the best identified cut-off scores. None of the measures successfully identified recovery from specific phobia. The results suggest that questionnaire measures, particularly the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P, can be used to identify whether children have recovered from common anxiety disorders, with the exception of specific phobias. Cut-off scores have been identified that can guide the use of routine outcome measures in clinical practice. PMID:27845527</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27845527','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27845527"><span>Using symptom and interference questionnaires to identify recovery among children with anxiety disorders.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Evans, Rachel; Thirlwall, Kerstin; Cooper, Peter; Creswell, Cathy</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Questionnaires are widely used in routine clinical practice to assess treatment outcomes for children with anxiety disorders. This study was conducted to determine whether 2 widely used child and parent report questionnaires of child anxiety symptoms and interference (Spence Child Anxiety Scale [SCAS-C/P] and Child Anxiety Impact Scale [<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-C/P]) accurately identify recovery from common child anxiety disorder diagnoses as measured by a 'gold-standard' diagnostic interview. Three hundred thirty-seven children (7-12 years, 51% female) and their parents completed the ADIS-IV-C/P diagnostic interview and questionnaire measures (SCAS-C/P and <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-C/P) before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) treatment or wait-list. Time 2 parent reported interference (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P) was found to be a good predictor of absence of any diagnoses (area under the curve [AUC] = .81). In terms of specific diagnoses, Time 2 SCAS-C/P separation anxiety subscale (SCAS-C/P-SA) identified recovery from separation anxiety disorder well (SCAS-C-SA, AUC = .80; SCAS-P-SA, AUC = .82) as did the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P (AUC = .79). The <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P also successfully identified recovery from social phobia (AUC = .78) and generalized anxiety disorder (AUC = .76). These AUC values were supported by moderate to good sensitivity (.70-.78) and specificity (.70-.73) at the best identified cut-off scores. None of the measures successfully identified recovery from specific phobia. The results suggest that questionnaire measures, particularly the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>-P, can be used to identify whether children have recovered from common anxiety disorders, with the exception of specific phobias. Cut-off scores have been identified that can guide the use of routine outcome measures in clinical practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25474297','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25474297"><span>Prevalence of chronic ankle instability and associated symptoms in university dance majors: an exploratory study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simon, Janet; Hall, Emily; Docherty, Carrie</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Previous investigations have established that dancers suffer a large number of injuries to the lower leg, foot, and ankle, with a portion of these being significant time loss injuries or in some cases career ending. Lateral ankle sprain is a common injury in dancers and can often lead to recurrent instability and repetitive injuries. Research in other active populations has linked ankle sprains to the development of chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and related symptoms of ankle sprain in a student dance population. Individuals were included if they were currently a modern or ballet dance major at the investigators' university (exclusion criterion: a history of fracture or surgery in the lower extremities). A self-reported demographic questionnaire and the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability survey were used to identify the presence and characteristics of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. A total of 83 questionnaires were collected, and after exclusions, 77 participants remained: 43 modern dancers and 34 ballet dancers (10 males and 67 females, mean age 19.61 ± 2.53 years, mean dance experience 13.61 ± 3.16 years). Of all dancers surveyed, 41 (53.2%) had <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and of those 24 (58.5%) were modern dancers, and 17 (41.5%) were ballet dancers. When looking only at those dancers who had a previous lateral ankle sprain, 75.9% were identified as having <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Chronic Ankle Instability can create long-term problems for anyone but especially female dancers, who place extreme stress on their feet and ankles from being en pointe or demi-pointe. It is important to educate dancers, instructors, and medical staff of the importance of recognizing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and seeking medical care for ankle sprains and their residual symptoms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1043784-characterization-photochemical-processes-h2-production-cds-nanorod-fefe-hydrogenase-complexes','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1043784-characterization-photochemical-processes-h2-production-cds-nanorod-fefe-hydrogenase-complexes"><span>Characterization of Photochemical Processes for H2 Production by CdS Nanorod-[FeFe] Hydrogenase Complexes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Brown, K. A.; Wilker, M. B.; Boehm, M.</p> <p>2012-03-28</p> <p>We have developed complexes of CdS nanorods capped with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and Clostridium acetobutylicum [FeFe]-hydrogenase I (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) that photocatalyze reduction of H{sup +} to H{sub 2} at a <span class="hlt">CaI</span> turnover frequency of 380-900 s{sup -1} and photon conversion efficiencies of up to 20% under illumination at 405 nm. In this paper, we focus on the compositional and mechanistic aspects of CdS:CaI complexes that control the photochemical conversion of solar energy into H{sub 2}. Self-assembly of CdS with <span class="hlt">CaI</span> was driven by electrostatics, demonstrated as the inhibition of ferredoxin-mediated H{sub 2} evolution by <span class="hlt">CaI</span>. Production of H{sub 2} by CdS:CaImore » was observed only under illumination and only in the presence of a sacrificial donor. We explored the effects of the CdS:CaI molar ratio, sacrificial donor concentration, and light intensity on photocatalytic H{sub 2} production, which were interpreted on the basis of contributions to electron transfer, hole transfer, or rate of photon absorption, respectively. Each parameter was found to have pronounced effects on the CdS:CaI photocatalytic activity. Specifically, we found that under 405 nm light at an intensity equivalent to total AM 1.5 solar flux, H{sub 2} production was limited by the rate of photon absorption ({approx}1 ms{sup -1}) and not by the turnover of <span class="hlt">CaI</span>. Complexes were capable of H{sub 2} production for up to 4 h with a total turnover number of 106 before photocatalytic activity was lost. This loss correlated with inactivation of <span class="hlt">CaI</span>, resulting from the photo-oxidation of the CdS capping ligand MPA.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27632839','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27632839"><span>Balance Training Versus Balance Training With STARS in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Burcal, Christopher J; Trier, Alejandra Y; Wikstrom, Erik A</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Both balance training and selected interventions meant to target sensory structures (STARS) have been shown to be effective at restoring deficits associated with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Clinicians often use multiple treatment modalities in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. However, evidence for combined intervention effectiveness in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients remains limited. To determine if augmenting a balance-training protocol with STARS (BTS) results in greater improvements than balance training (BT) alone in those with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Randomized-controlled trial. Research laboratory. 24 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants (age 21.3 ± 2.0 y; height 169.8 ± 12.9 cm; mass 72.5 ± 22.2 kg) were randomized into 2 groups: BT and BTS. Participants completed a 4-week progression-based balance-training protocol consisting of 3 20-min sessions per week. The experimental group also received a 5-min set of STARS treatments consisting of calf stretching, plantar massage, ankle joint mobilizations, and ankle joint traction before each balance-training session. Outcomes included self-assessed disability, Star Excursion Balance Test reach distance, and time-to-boundary calculated from static balance trials. All outcomes were assessed before, and 24-hours and 1-week after protocol completion. Self-assessed disability was also captured 1-month after the intervention. No significant group differences were identified (P > .10). Both groups demonstrated improvements in all outcome categories after the interventions (P < .10), many of which were retained at 1-week posttest (P < .10). Although 90% CIs include zero, effect sizes favor BTS. Similarly, only the BTS group exceeded the minimal detectable change for time-to-boundary outcomes. While statistically no more effective, exceeding minimal detectable change scores and favorable effect sizes suggest that a 4-week progressive BTS program may be more effective at improving self-assessed disability and postural control in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients than balance training in isolation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184081','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184081"><span>Cortisol-dependent stress effects on cell distribution in healthy individuals and individuals suffering from chronic adrenal insufficiency.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Geiger, Ashley M; Pitts, Kenneth P; Feldkamp, Joachim; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Jutta M</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Chronic adrenal insufficiency (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is characterized by a lack of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production due to destroyed adrenal cortex cells. However, elevated cortisol secretion is thought to be a central part in a well-orchestrated immune response to stress. This raises the question to what extent lack of cortisol in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> affects stress-related changes in immune processes. To address this question, 28 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients (20 females) and 18 healthy individuals (11 females) (age: 44.3 ± 8.4 years) were exposed to a psychosocial stress test (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST). Half the patients received a 0.03 mg/kg body weight injection of hydrocortisone (HC) post-TSST to mimic a healthy cortisol stress response. Catecholamines and immune cell composition were assessed in peripheral blood and free cortisol measured in saliva collected before and repeatedly after TSST. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients showed norepinephrine (NE) stress responses similar to healthy participants, however, epinephrine (E) as well as cortisol levels were significantly lower. HC treatment post-TSST resulted in cortisol increases comparable to those observed in healthy participants (interaction effects--NE: F=1.05, p=.41; E: F=2.56, p=.045; cortisol: F=13.28, p<.001). Healthy individuals showed the expected pattern of stress-related early lymphocyte increase with subsequent decrease below baseline. The opposite pattern was observed in granulocytes. While exhibiting a similar initial increase, lymphocytes kept increasing over the following 2h in untreated patients. HC treatment buffered this effect (interaction effects--lymphocyte%: F=7.31, p<.001; granulocyte%: F=7.71, p<.001). Using <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in humans as a model confirms cortisol's central involvement in post-stress lymphocyte migration from blood into immune-relevant body compartments. As such, future studies should investigate whether psychosocial stress exposure may put <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients at an increased health risk due to attenuated immune responses to pathogens</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5526346','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5526346"><span>Cortisol-dependent stress effects on cell distribution in healthy individuals and individuals suffering from chronic adrenal insufficiency</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Geiger, Ashley M.; Pitts, Kenneth P.; Feldkamp, Joachim; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Jutta M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Chronic adrenal insufficiency (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is characterized by a lack of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production due to destroyed adrenal cortex cells. However, elevated cortisol secretion is thought to be a central part in a well-orchestrated immune response to stress. This raises the question to what extent lack of cortisol in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> affects stress-related changes in immune processes. To address this question, 28 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients (20 females) and 18 healthy individuals (11 females) (age: 44.3 ± 8.4 years) were exposed to a psychosocial stress test (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST). Half the patients received a 0.03 mg/kg body weight injection of hydrocortisone (HC) post-TSST to mimic a healthy cortisol stress response. Catecholamines and immune cell composition were assessed in peripheral blood and free cortisol measured in saliva collected before and repeatedly after TSST. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients showed norepinephrine (NE) stress responses similar to healthy participants, however, epinephrine (E) as well as cortisol levels were significantly lower. HC treatment post-TSST resulted in cortisol increases comparable to those observed in healthy participants (interaction effects – NE: F = 1.05, p = .41; E: F = 2.56, p = .045; cortisol: F = 13.28, p < .001). Healthy individuals showed the expected pattern of stress-related early lymphocyte increase with subsequent decrease below baseline. The opposite pattern was observed in granulocytes. While exhibiting a similar initial increase, lymphocytes kept increasing over the following 2 h in untreated patients. HC treatment buffered this effect (interaction effects – lymphocyte%: F = 7.31, p < .001; granulocyte%: F = 7.71, p < .001). Using <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in humans as a model confirms cortisol’s central involvement in post-stress lymphocyte migration from blood into immune-relevant body compartments. As such, future studies should investigate whether psychosocial stress exposure may put <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients at an increased health risk due to attenuated</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=history+AND+mathematical+AND+logic&pg=5&id=ED034432','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=history+AND+mathematical+AND+logic&pg=5&id=ED034432"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction: Stanford's 1965-66 Arithmetic Program.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Suppes, Patrick; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A review of the possibilities and challenges of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), and a brief history of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> projects at Stanford serve to give the reader the context of the particular program described and analyzed in this book. The 1965-66 arithmetic drill-and-practice program is described, summarizing the curriculum and project operation. An…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED210961.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED210961.pdf"><span>Using the Computer to Teach Methods and Interpretative Skills in the Humanities: Implementing a Project.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Jones, Bruce William</p> <p></p> <p>The results of implementing computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in two religion courses and a logic course at California State College, Bakersfield, are examined along with student responses. The main purpose of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> project was to teach interpretive skills. The most positive results came in the logic course. The programs in the New Testament…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=moon+AND+landing&id=ED152285','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=moon+AND+landing&id=ED152285"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction in the N.W.T.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Garraway, Tom</p> <p></p> <p>For the past seven years, the Division of Educational Research Services at the University of Alberta has been operating an IBM 1500 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> system. This paper describes demonstration projects set up in anticipation of the establishment of remote <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the North West Territories. These include a moon landing simulation program; a diagnostic program in…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED108674.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED108674.pdf"><span>Mind Transplants Or: The Role of Computer Assisted Instruction in the Future of the Library.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lyon, Becky J.</p> <p></p> <p>Computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) may well represent the next phase in the involvement of the library or learning resources center with media and the educational process. The Lister Hill Center Experimental <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Network was established in July, 1972, on the recommendation of the National Library of Medicine, to test the feasibility of sharing CAI…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED032542.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED032542.pdf"><span>DLI-IBM Joint Feasibility Study in Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Instruction. Final Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Adams, Edward N.; Rosenbaum, Peter S.</p> <p></p> <p>This document is the final report on a study of the use of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential applicability and usefulness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the instructional environment of the Defense Language Institute (DLI). The operational phases of the study were implemented in the Russian Aural…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=nursing+AND+process&pg=7&id=EJ619179','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=nursing+AND+process&pg=7&id=EJ619179"><span>Critical Thinking Outcomes of Computer-Assisted Instruction versus Written Nursing Process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Saucier, Bonnie L.; Stevens, Kathleen R.; Williams, Gail B.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Nursing students (n=43) who used clinical case studies via computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) were compared with 37 who used the written nursing process (WNP). California Critical Thinking Skills Test results did not show significant increases in critical thinking. The WNP method was more time consuming; the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group was more satisfied. Use of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=divided+AND+attention+AND+benefits&pg=3&id=ED282048','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=divided+AND+attention+AND+benefits&pg=3&id=ED282048"><span>Computer-Aided Instruction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hunt, Graham</p> <p></p> <p>This report discusses the impact of and presents guidelines for developing a computer-aided instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) system. The first section discusses <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in terms of the need for the countries of Asia to increase their economic self-sufficiency. The second section examines various theories on the nature of learning with special attention to the role…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=science+AND+facts&pg=7&id=ED556700','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=science+AND+facts&pg=7&id=ED556700"><span>Using Computer Assisted Instruction to Teach Science Facts to Students with Moderate to Severe Disabilities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Berrong, Amy Ketterer</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Previous research has found the use of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) to be effective in teaching skills to a variety of populations. Students with and without disabilities have been taught a variety of skills including social skills and core academic content using <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Students with moderate to severe disabilities (MSD) have been taught a…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED343433.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED343433.pdf"><span>Improving Teacher-Prepared Computer Software for Better Language Teaching/Learning.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rhodes, Frances Gates</p> <p></p> <p>A study is reported that examined the relative effectiveness of four computer-assisted-instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) manners of presentation and response for teaching irregular verbs to English/Spanish bilingual students in South Texas. Each of 4 types of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> presentation gave the same 46 selected irregular verbs in context to fifth-graders in 4 subject…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=interference+AND+fit&pg=2&id=ED295714','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=interference+AND+fit&pg=2&id=ED295714"><span>How the Use of Cognitive Psychology Findings Can Raise the Productivity of Computer-Assisted Instruction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hodges, Daniel L.</p> <p></p> <p>An overview is provided of the principles of cognitive psychology that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). First, the paper looks at the features of classical and operant conditioning that provide the foundation for important parts of mastery learning and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs. Next, findings from four areas of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pre+AND+experimental+AND+research&pg=4&id=EJ1170960','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pre+AND+experimental+AND+research&pg=4&id=EJ1170960"><span>Improving Head Start Students' Early Literacy Skills Using Technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Shamir, Haya; Yoder, Erik; Feehan, Kathryn; Pocklington, David</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>While recent literature has pointed to the efficacy of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in providing educational intervention at an early age, there is a lack of research exploring its use in a pre-kindergarten setting. The current study assessed the efficacy of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on students at the start of their academic careers. The Waterford Early…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18160660','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18160660"><span>A rabbit ventricular action potential model replicating cardiac dynamics at rapid heart rates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mahajan, Aman; Shiferaw, Yohannes; Sato, Daisuke; Baher, Ali; Olcese, Riccardo; Xie, Lai-Hua; Yang, Ming-Jim; Chen, Peng-Sheng; Restrepo, Juan G; Karma, Alain; Garfinkel, Alan; Qu, Zhilin; Weiss, James N</p> <p>2008-01-15</p> <p>Mathematical modeling of the cardiac action potential has proven to be a powerful tool for illuminating various aspects of cardiac function, including cardiac arrhythmias. However, no currently available detailed action potential model accurately reproduces the dynamics of the cardiac action potential and intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)) cycling at rapid heart rates relevant to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The aim of this study was to develop such a model. Using an existing rabbit ventricular action potential model, we modified the L-type calcium (Ca) current (I(Ca,L)) and <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) cycling formulations based on new experimental patch-clamp data obtained in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes, using the perforated patch configuration at 35-37 degrees C. Incorporating a minimal seven-state Markovian model of I(Ca,L) that reproduced Ca- and voltage-dependent kinetics in combination with our previously published dynamic <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) cycling model, the new model replicates experimentally observed action potential duration and <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transient alternans at rapid heart rates, and accurately reproduces experimental action potential duration restitution curves obtained by either dynamic or S1S2 pacing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090008535','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090008535"><span>Compression After Impact Testing of Sandwich Structures Using the Four Point Bend Test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nettles, Alan T.; Gregory, Elizabeth; Jackson, Justin; Kenworthy, Devon</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>For many composite laminated structures, the design is driven by data obtained from Compression after Impact (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) testing. There currently is no standard for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> testing of sandwich structures although there is one for solid laminates of a certain thickness and lay-up configuration. Most sandwich <span class="hlt">CAI</span> testing has followed the basic technique of this standard where the loaded ends are precision machined and placed between two platens and compressed until failure. If little or no damage is present during the compression tests, the loaded ends may need to be potted to prevent end brooming. By putting a sandwich beam in a four point bend configuration, the region between the inner supports is put under a compressive load and a sandwich laminate with damage can be tested in this manner without the need for precision machining. Also, specimens with no damage can be taken to failure so direct comparisons between damaged and undamaged strength can be made. Data is presented that demonstrates the four point bend <span class="hlt">CAI</span> test and is compared with end loaded compression tests of the same sandwich structure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22594730','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22594730"><span>Lessons learned from a community-academic initiative: the development of a core competency-based training for community-academic initiative community health workers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ruiz, Yumary; Matos, Sergio; Kapadia, Smiti; Islam, Nadia; Cusack, Arthur; Kwong, Sylvia; Trinh-Shevrin, Chau</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Despite the importance of community health workers (CHWs) in strategies to reduce health disparities and the call to enhance their roles in research, little information exists on how to prepare CHWs involved in community-academic initiatives (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). Therefore, the New York University Prevention Research Center piloted a <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-CHW training program. We applied a core competency framework to an existing CHW curriculum and bolstered the curriculum to include research-specific sessions. We employed diverse training methods, guided by adult learning principles and popular education philosophy. Evaluation instruments assessed changes related to confidence, intention to use learned skills, usefulness of sessions, and satisfaction with the training. Results demonstrated that a core competency-based training can successfully affect CHWs' perceived confidence and intentions to apply learned content, and can provide a larger social justice context of their role and work. This program demonstrates that a core competency-based framework coupled with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-research-specific skill sessions (1) provides skills that <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-CHWs intend to use, (2) builds confidence, and (3) provides participants with a more contextualized view of client needs and CHW roles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388289','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388289"><span>The introduction and evaluation of mobile devices to improve access to patient records: a catalyst for innovation and collaboration at BCCA.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Jonn; Waldron, John; Hood, Shaina; Kahnamelli, Adam; Khan, Mohamed; Barnett, Jeff; French, John; Slager, Stacey; Melhem, Shadi; Shabestari, Omid</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Prompt and efficient access to patient records is vital in providing optimal patient care. The Cancer Agency Information System (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) is the primary patient record repository for the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) but is only accessible on traditional computer workstations. The BCCA clinics have significant space limitations resulting in multiple health care professionals sharing each workstation. Furthermore, workstations are not available in examination rooms. A novel and cost efficient solution is necessary to improve clinician access to <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. This prompted the BCCA and IMITS to embark on an innovative provincial collaboration to introduce and evaluate the impact of a mobile device to improve access to <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. The project consisted of 2 phases with over 50 participants from multiple clinical disciplines across BCCA sites. Phase I evaluated the adoptability, effectiveness and costs associated with providing access to <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> using a generic viewer (Citrix). Phase II incorporated the feedback and findings from Phase I to make available a customized mobile device-specific application. Phase II also addressed privacy and security requirements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28787236','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28787236"><span>Step-Down Test Assessment of Postural Stability in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bolt, Doris; Giger, René; Wirth, Stefan; Swanenburg, Jaap</p> <p>2018-01-23</p> <p>The underlying mechanism in 27% of ankle sprains is a fall while navigating stairs. Therefore, the step-down test (SDT) may be useful to investigate dynamic postural stability deficits in individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). To investigate the test-retest reliability and validity of the forward and lateral SDT protocol between individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and uninjured controls. Test-retest study. University hospital. A total of 46  individuals, 23 with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 23 uninjured controls. Time to stabilization of the forward and lateral SDT. The absolute reliability (SEM = 0.04-0.12 s; SDD = 0.11-0.33 s) of the SDT protocol was acceptable, whereas the relative reliability (ICC 3 , k = 0.12-0.63) and discriminant validity (P = .42-.99; AUC = 0.50-0.57) were not. The SDT appears to not be challenging enough to detect dynamic postural stability differences between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. However, the SDT may be capable of measuring change over time based on its good absolute reliability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910053626&hterms=keller+peter&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAuthor-Name%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dkeller%252C%2Bpeter','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910053626&hterms=keller+peter&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAuthor-Name%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dkeller%252C%2Bpeter"><span>Calcic micas in the Allende meteorite - Evidence for hydration reactions in the early solar nebula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Keller, Lindsay P.; Buseck, Peter R.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Two calcic micas, clintonite and margarite, have been identified in alteration products in a calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in the Allende meteorite. Clintonite replaces grossular in alteration veins, and margarite occurs as lamellae in anorthite. Their occurrence suggests that, in addition to undergoing high-temperature alteration by a volatile and iron-rich vapor that produced the grossular and anorthite, some <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> underwent alteration at moderate temperatures (400 K or less). Petrographic evidence suggests that the calcic micas formed before accretion but after the formation of the layered rim sequences that surround the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. These calcic micas provide strong evidence that, contrary to theoretical calculations, some hydration reactions occurred in the early solar nebula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dilemma+AND+work+AND+life&pg=7&id=EJ807304','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dilemma+AND+work+AND+life&pg=7&id=EJ807304"><span>Caught between Fantasy and Reality: Confucian Values and Dilemmas of Education Reform Confronting Hong Kong's Secondary Teachers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Tam, Frank Wai-Ming; Lai, Manhong; Lam, Ka-Ka</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>In Chinese society, there are two Confucian teachings that have become guiding values for many teachers and have had profound influence on their educational practices for nearly 2,500 years. These values are "yin <span class="hlt">cai</span> shi jiao" and "you jiao wu lei." The direct translation of yin <span class="hlt">cai</span> shi jiao is "to carry out teaching based…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=technology+AND+saving+AND+environment&pg=3&id=EJ1038530','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=technology+AND+saving+AND+environment&pg=3&id=EJ1038530"><span>Using Dynamic Software in Mathematics: The Case of Reflection Symmetry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Tatar, Enver; Akkaya, Adnan; Kagizmanli, Türkan Berrin</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This study was carried out to examine the effects of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) using dynamic software on the achievement of students in mathematics in the topic of reflection symmetry. The study also aimed to ascertain the pre-service mathematics teachers' opinions on the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in mathematics lessons. In the study, a mixed research…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED096957.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED096957.pdf"><span>The Application and Evaluation of PLATO IV in AF Technical Training.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mockovak, William P.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>The Air Force has been plagued with the rising cost of technical training and has increasingly turned to computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for better cost effectiveness. Toward this aim a trial of PLATO IV, a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> system utilizing a graphic display and centered at the University of Illinois, was initiated at the Chanute and Sheppard training…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=analysis+AND+feasibility+AND+use+AND+applications&pg=5&id=ED273516','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=analysis+AND+feasibility+AND+use+AND+applications&pg=5&id=ED273516"><span>The Application of Computer-Assisted Instruction to the Training and Education of US Army Band Officers, Warrant Officers, Bandmasters, and Enlisted Bandpersons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Wilkins, Colette Jousse</p> <p></p> <p>This paper is the result of a feasibility study on the implementation of computer-assisted-instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for the U.S. Army Bands. The study analyzes the state-of-the-art capabilities of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with regard to Army requirements. The contract for the study states: "The objective of this task is to explore and analyze alternate approaches to…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=high+AND+school+AND+online+AND+journalism&id=ED218945','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=high+AND+school+AND+online+AND+journalism&id=ED218945"><span>An Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Instruction for English Grammar Review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Oates, William</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>The use of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) at Indiana University to provide basic grammar review to beginning writing students, and the results of an evaluation of the PLATO system as a learning resource are described. At the time of the evaluation, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> curriculum in use was the Language Arts Routing System (LARS). The evaluation involved…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=kathryn+AND+north&pg=5&id=ED161419','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=kathryn+AND+north&pg=5&id=ED161419"><span>Report of the Computer Assisted Instruction Project in the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Calgary.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hannah, Kathryn</p> <p></p> <p>Since August of 1976, the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Calgary has developed and implemented a four-phase computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) project. In Phase I, the pilot project to demonstrate effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as an alternative teaching strategy in that setting has been completed and replication is on-going. In Phase II,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769825','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769825"><span>[Possible pathogenetic role of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1) gene polymorphisms in arterial hypertension].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morales, Mauricio A; Carvajal, Cristián A; Ortiz, Eugenia; Mosso, Lorena M; Artigas, Rocío A; Owen, Gareth I; Fardella, Carlos E</p> <p>2008-06-01</p> <p>Cortisol has been implicated in hypertension and lately reported to be regulated at the pre-receptor level by the 11betaHSD1 enzyme, which converts cortisone (E) to cortisol (F). Over-expression of this enzyme in adipose tissue could determine an increase in available cortisol that interacts with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in renal, brain and heart tissue, leading to similar hypertensive effects as in 11betaHSD2 impaired patients. Several polymorphisms have been reported in HSDl IB 1 gene (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>5, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>9 and InsA83557), which could modify HSDl IB 1 gene expression or activity. To determine the distribution and prevalence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>5, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>9 and InsA83557 in the HSDl IBl gene, and to correlate these results with biochemical parameters in cortisol/ ACTH (HPA) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis in patients with essential hypertension (EH). We studied 113 EH patients (76 non-obese and 37 obese, with a body mass índex >30 kg/m(2)) and 30 normotensive adults (NT). In each patient, we measured serum levels of E E, serum aldosterone (SA), plasma renin activity (PRA), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), the urinary free cortisol/creatinine (UFF/Cr), F/ACTH and SA/PRA ratios. Each polymorphism was studied by PCR and 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Statistical associations were evaluated by Pearson correlations and the genetic equilibrium by the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equation. We found all three polymorphisms in the EH and the NT group, both in genetic equilibrium. In obese essential hypertensives, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>5 polymorphism showed association with SA/PRA ratio (r =0.189, p =0.012) and F/ACTH (r =0.301, p 0.048); CA19 also showed correlation with F/ACTH in obese EH (r = 0.220, p 0.009). The InsA83557polymorphism correlated with UFF/Cr in both EH (r =0.206; p =0.03), and in obese EH (r =0.354; p =0.05). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span>5 and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>9 polymorphism correlated with changes in biochemical parameters in HPA and RAA axis of obese essential hypertensives. These changes may result in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26979889','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26979889"><span>A new approach of the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural control in people complaining from chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pionnier, Raphaël; Découfour, Nicolas; Barbier, Franck; Popineau, Christophe; Simoneau-Buessinger, Emilie</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively assess dynamic balance with accuracy in individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). To this aim, a motion capture system was used while participants performed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Reached distances for the 8 points of the star were automatically computed, thereby excluding any dependence to the experimenter. In addition, new relevant variables were also computed, such as absolute time needed to reach each distance, lower limb ranges of motion during unipodal stance, as well as absolute error of pointing. Velocity of the center of pressure and range of variation of ground reaction forces have also been assessed during the unipodal phase of the SEBT thanks to force plates. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group exhibited smaller reached distances and greater absolute error of pointing than the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the ranges of motion of lower limbs joints, the velocity of the center of pressure and the range of variation of the ground reaction forces were all significantly smaller in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group (p<0.05). These reduced quantitative and qualitative performances highlighted a lower dynamic postural control. The limited body movements and accelerations during the unipodal stance in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group could highlight a protective strategy. The present findings could help clinicians to better understand the motor strategies used by <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients during dynamic balance and may guide the rehabilitation process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28451496','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28451496"><span>Carotid Artery Injury in Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: Multicenter Cohort Study and Literature Review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Härtl, Roger; Alimi, Marjan; Abdelatif Boukebir, Mohamed; Berlin, Connor D; Navarro-Ramirez, Rodrigo; Arnold, Paul M; Fehlings, Michael G; Mroz, Thomas E; Riew, K Daniel</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Retrospective study and literature review. To provide more comprehensive data about carotid artery injury (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) related to anterior cervical spine surgery. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, case series study involving 21 high-volume surgical centers from the AOSpine North America Clinical Research Network. Medical records of 17 625 patients who went through cervical spine surgery (levels from C2 to C7) between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, were analyzed. Also, we performed a literature review using Medline and PubMed databases. The following terms were used alone, and in combination, to search for relevant articles: cervical, spine, surgery, complication, iatrogenic, carotid artery, injury, cerebrovascular accident, CVA, and carotid stenosis. Among 17 625 patients that were analyzed, no cases were reported to experienced <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or CVA after cervical spine surgery. Nevertheless, in our PubMed search we found 157 articles, but only 5 articles matched our study objective criteria; 2 cases were reported to present <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 3 cases presented CVA. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CVA related to anterior cervical spine surgeries are extremely rare. We were not able to find neither in our retrospective study nor in our literature research a correlation between the type or length of anterior cervical spine procedure with CVA or <span class="hlt">CAI</span> complications. However, surgeons should be aware of the possibility of vascular complications and minimize intraoperative direct vascular manipulations or retraction. Preoperative screening for underlying vascular pathology and risk factors is also important.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093489"><span>Multimodality of Ca2+ signaling in rat atrial myocytes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morad, Martin; Javaheri, Ashkan; Risius, Tim; Belmonte, Steve</p> <p>2005-06-01</p> <p>It has been suggested that the multiplicity of Ca(2+) signaling pathways in atrial myocytes may contribute to the variability of its function. This article reports on a novel Ca(2+) signaling cascade initiated by mechanical forces induced by "puffing" of solution onto the myocytes. <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients were measured in fura-2 acetoxymethyl (AM) loaded cells using alternating 340- and 410-nm excitation waves at 1.2 kHz. Pressurized puffs of bathing solutions, applied by an electronically controlled micro-barrel system, activated slowly (approximately 300 ms) developing <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients that lasted 1,693 +/- 68 ms at room temperature. Subsequent second and third puffs, applied at approximately 20 s intervals activated significantly smaller or no <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients. Puff-triggered <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients could be reactivated once again following caffeine (10 mM)-induced release of Ca(2+) from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Puff-triggered <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients were independent of [Ca(2+)](o), and activation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) or cationic stretch channels or influx of Ca(2+) on Na(+)/Ca(2+)exchanger, because puffing solution containing no Ca(2+), 10 microM diltiazem, 1 mM Cd(2+), 5 mM Ni(2+), or 100 microM Gd(3+) failed to suppress them. Puff-triggered <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients were enhanced in paced compared to quiescent myocytes. Electrically activated <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients triggered during the time course of puff-induced transients were unaltered, suggesting functionally separate Ca(2+) pools. Contribution of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3))-gated or mitochondrial Ca(2+) pools or modulation of SR stores by nitric oxide/nitric oxide synthase (NO/NOS) signaling were evaluated using 0.5 to 500 microM 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and 0.1 to 1 microM carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), and 1 mM Nomega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 7-nitroindizole, respectively. Only FCCP appeared to significantly suppress the puff-triggered <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) transients. It was</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA254808','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA254808"><span>Vehicle/Guideway Interaction in Maglev Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1992-03-01</p> <p>Technology Division Materials and Components in Maglev Systems Technology Division Materials and Components Technology Division byY. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, S. S. Chen, and D. M...Transportation Systems Reports (UC-330, Vehicle/Guideway Interaction in Maglev Systems by Y. <span class="hlt">Cai</span> and S. S. Chen Materials and Components Technology Division D. M...Surface Irregularities ...................................... 32 4 Vehicle/Guideway Interaction in Transrapid Maglev System .................. 34 4.1</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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