Sample records for coring fluids
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Lunar Fluid Core and Solid-Body Tides
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Williams, J. G.; Boggs, D. H.; Ratcliff, J. T.
2005-01-01
Variations in rotation and orientation of the Moon are sensitive to solid-body tidal dissipation, dissipation due to relative motion at the fluid-core/solid-mantle boundary, and tidal Love number k2 [1,2]. There is weaker sensitivity to flattening of the core-mantle boundary (CMB) [2-5] and fluid core moment of inertia [1]. Accurate Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) measurements of the distance from observatories on the Earth to four retroreflector arrays on the Moon are sensitive to lunar rotation and orientation variations and tidal displacements. Past solutions using the LLR data have given results for dissipation due to solid-body tides and fluid core [1] plus Love number [1-5]. Detection of CMB flattening has been improving [3,5] and now seems significant. This strengthens the case for a fluid lunar core.
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Equation of state and critical point behavior of hard-core double-Yukawa fluids.
Montes, J; Robles, M; López de Haro, M
2016-02-28
A theoretical study on the equation of state and the critical point behavior of hard-core double-Yukawa fluids is presented. Thermodynamic perturbation theory, restricted to first order in the inverse temperature and having the hard-sphere fluid as the reference system, is used to derive a relatively simple analytical equation of state of hard-core multi-Yukawa fluids. Using such an equation of state, the compressibility factor and phase behavior of six representative hard-core double-Yukawa fluids are examined and compared with available simulation results. The effect of varying the parameters of the hard-core double-Yukawa intermolecular potential on the location of the critical point is also analyzed using different perspectives. The relevance of this analysis for fluids whose molecules interact with realistic potentials is also pointed out.
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Fluid flow near the surface of earth's outer core
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bloxham, Jeremy; Jackson, Andrew
1991-01-01
This review examines the recent attempts at extracting information on the pattern of fluid flow near the surface of the outer core from the geomagnetic secular variation. Maps of the fluid flow at the core surface are important as they may provide some insight into the process of the geodynamo and may place useful constraints on geodynamo models. In contrast to the case of mantle convection, only very small lateral variations in core density are necessary to drive the flow; these density variations are, by several orders of magnitude, too small to be imaged seismically; therefore, the geomagnetic secular variation is utilized to infer the flow. As substantial differences exist between maps developed by different researchers, the possible underlying reasons for these differences are examined with particular attention given to the inherent problems of nonuniqueness.
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Convectively driven decadal zonal accelerations in Earth's fluid core
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
More, Colin; Dumberry, Mathieu
2018-04-01
Azimuthal accelerations of cylindrical surfaces co-axial with the rotation axis have been inferred to exist in Earth's fluid core on the basis of magnetic field observations and changes in the length-of-day. These accelerations have a typical timescale of decades. However, the physical mechanism causing the accelerations is not well understood. Scaling arguments suggest that the leading order torque averaged over cylindrical surfaces should arise from the Lorentz force. Decadal fluctuations in the magnetic field inside the core, driven by convective flows, could then force decadal changes in the Lorentz torque and generate zonal accelerations. We test this hypothesis by constructing a quasi-geostrophic model of magnetoconvection, with thermally driven flows perturbing a steady, imposed background magnetic field. We show that when the Alfvén number in our model is similar to that in Earth's fluid core, temporal fluctuations in the torque balance are dominated by the Lorentz torque, with the latter generating mean zonal accelerations. Our model reproduces both fast, free Alfvén waves and slow, forced accelerations, with ratios of relative strength and relative timescale similar to those inferred for the Earth's core. The temporal changes in the magnetic field which drive the time-varying Lorentz torque are produced by the underlying convective flows, shearing and advecting the magnetic field on a timescale associated with convective eddies. Our results support the hypothesis that temporal changes in the magnetic field deep inside Earth's fluid core drive the observed decadal zonal accelerations of cylindrical surfaces through the Lorentz torque.
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Hard sphere perturbation theory for fluids with soft-repulsive-core potentials
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ben-Amotz, Dor; Stell, George
2004-03-01
The thermodynamic properties of fluids with very soft repulsive-core potentials, resembling those of some liquid metals, are predicted with unprecedented accuracy using a new first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory. This theory is an extension of Mansoori-Canfield/Rasaiah-Stell (MCRS) perturbation theory, obtained by including a configuration integral correction recently identified by Mon, who evaluated it by computer simulation. In this work we derive an analytic expression for Mon's correction in terms of the radial distribution function of the soft-core fluid, g0(r), approximated using Lado's self-consistent extension of Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) theory. Comparisons with WCA and MCRS predictions show that our new extended-MCRS theory outperforms other first-order theories when applied to fluids with very soft inverse-power potentials (n⩽6), and predicts free energies that are within 0.3kT of simulation results up to the fluid freezing point.
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Some anticipated contributions to core fluid dynamics from the GRM
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Vanvorhies, C.
1985-01-01
It is broadly maintained that the secular variation (SV) of the large scale geomagnetic field contains information on the fluid dynamics of Earth's electrically conducting outer core. The electromagnetic theory appropriate to a simple Earth model has recently been combined with reduced geomagnetic data in order to extract some of this information and ascertain its significance. The simple Earth model consists of a rigid, electrically insulating mantle surrounding a spherical, inviscid, and perfectly conducting liquid outer core. This model was tested against seismology by using truncated spherical harmonic models of the observed geomagnetic field to locate Earth's core-mantle boundary, CMB. Further electromagnetic theory has been developed and applied to the problem of estimating the horizontal fluid motion just beneath CMB. Of particular geophysical interest are the hypotheses that these motions: (1) include appreciable surface divergence indicative of vertical motion at depth, and (2) are steady for time intervals of a decade or more. In addition to the extended testing of the basic Earth model, the proposed GRM provides a unique opportunity to test these dynamical hypotheses.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ali, S.; Stute, M.; Torgersen, T.; Winckler, G.
2008-12-01
To quantify fluid flow in the San Andreas Fault (SAF) (and since direct fracture fluid sampling of the fault zone was not available), we have adapted a method to extract rare gases from matrix fluids of whole rocks by diffusion. Helium was measured on drill core samples obtained from 3054 m (Pacific Plate) to 3990 m (North American Plate) through the San Andreas Fault Zone (SAFZ) ~3300 m during SAFOD Phases I (2004), II (2005), III (2007). Samples were typically collected as 2.54 cm diameter subcores drilled into the ends of the cores, or from the core catcher and drillcore fragments within <2hr after core recovery. The samples were placed into ultra high vacuum stainless steel containers, flushed with ultra high purity nitrogen and immediately evacuated. Helium isotopes of the extracted matrix pore fluids and the solid matrix were determined by mass spectrometery at LDEO. Matrix porefluid 3He/4He ratios are ~0.4 - 0.5xRa (Ra: atmospheric 3He/4He = 1.384 x 10-6) in the Pacific Plate, increasing toward the SAFZ, while pore fluids in the North American Plate have a 3He/4He range of 0.7-0.9Ra, increasing away from the SAFZ (consistent with results from mud gas samples (Wiersberg and Erzinger, 2007) and direct fluid samples (Kennedy et al., 2007)). Helium isotope ratios of the solid matrix are less than 0.06Ra across the SAF in samples from both the North American and the Pacific plates, thereby excluding the host matrix as source for the enhanced isotopic signature. If the system is assumed to be in steady state, then the flux of mantle helium must be from the North American Plate to the Pacific plate. The steeper gradient in the Pacific Plate relative to the North American plate is consistent with a porosity corrected effective diffusivity. The source for this mantle helium in the North American Plate is likely related to a low crustal conductivity zone identified by magnetotelluric signals (Becken et al., 2008) that provides a channel for transport of mantle helium
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Weinstein, H.; Lavan, Z.
1975-01-01
Analytical investigations of fluid dynamics problems of relevance to the gaseous core nuclear reactor program are presented. The vortex type flow which appears in the nuclear light bulb concept is analyzed along with the fluid flow in the fuel inlet region for the coaxial flow gaseous core nuclear reactor concept. The development of numerical methods for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for appropriate geometries is extended to the case of rotating flows and almost completes the gas core program requirements in this area. The investigations demonstrate that the conceptual design of the coaxial flow reactor needs further development.
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Effect of the fluid core on changes in the length of day due to long period tides
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Wahr, J. M.; Smith, M. L.; Sasao, T.
1981-01-01
The long period luni-solar tidal potential is known to cause periodic changes in the earth's rotation rate. It is found that the effect of a dissipationless fluid outer core is to reduce the amplitudes of these tidal perturbations by about 11 percent. When the fluid core effect is added to Agnew and Farrell's (1978) estimate of the effect of an equilibrium ocean, the result is in accord with observation. The effects of dissipative processes within the fluid core are also examined. Out-of-phase perturbations are found which could be as large as about 10 ms at 18.6 yr. It is concluded, however, that the poorly understood decade fluctuations in the earth's rotation rate will prohibit observation of this effect.
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From play to problem solving to Common Core: The development of fluid reasoning.
Prince, Pauline
2017-01-01
How and when does fluid reasoning develop and what does it look like at different ages, from a neurodevelopmental and functional perspective? The goal of this article is to discuss the development of fluid reasoning from a practical perspective of our children's lives: from play to problem solving to Common Core Curriculum. A review of relevant and current literature supports a connection between movement, including movement through free play, and the development of novel problem solving. As our children grow and develop, motor routines can become cognitive routines and can be evidenced not only in games, such as chess, but also in the acquisition and demonstration of academic skills. Finally, this article describes the connection between novel problem solving and the demands of the Common Core Curriculum.
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Bergeron, M F; Waller, J L; Marinik, E L
2006-05-01
To examine differences in ad libitum fluid intake, comparing a 6% carbohydrate/electrolyte drink (CHO-E) and water, and associated differences in core temperature and other selected physiological and perceptual responses in adolescent athletes during tennis training in the heat. Fourteen healthy, fit, young tennis players (nine male; five female; mean (SD) age 15.1 (1.4) years; weight 60.6 (8.3) kg; height 172.8 (8.6) cm) completed two 120 minute tennis specific training sessions on separate days (randomised, crossover design) in a warm environment (wet bulb globe temperature: CHO-E, 79.3 (2.6) degrees F; water, 79.9 (2.2) degrees F; p>0.05). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the trials with respect to fluid intake, urine volume, fluid retention, sweat loss, perceived exertion, thirst, or gastrointestinal discomfort. However, there was a difference (p<0.05) in the percentage body weight change after training (CHO-E, -0.5 (0.7)%; water, -0.9 (0.6)%). Urine specific gravity before training (CHO-E, 1.024 (0.006); water, 1.025 (0.005)) did not correlate significantly (p>0.05) with any of these measurements or with core body temperature. In examining the main effect for trial, the CHO-E trial showed a significantly lower (p<0.001) mean body temperature (irrespective of measurement time) than the water trial. However, the mean body temperature in each trial was not associated (p>0.05) with fluid intake, fluid retention, sweat loss, or percentage body weight change. Ad libitum consumption of a CHO-E drink may be more effective than water in minimising fluid deficits and mean core temperature responses during tennis and other similar training in adolescent athletes.
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Danckwerts, M P
2000-07-01
A triple-layer core-in-cup tablet that can release theophylline in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluids at three distinct rates has been developed. The first layer is an immediate-release layer; the second layer is a sustained-release layer; and the last layer is a boost layer, which was designed to coincide with a higher nocturnal dose of theophylline. The study consisted of two stages. The first stage optimized the sustained-release layer of the tablet to release theophylline over a period of 12 hr. Results from this stage indicated that 30% w/w acacia gum was the best polymer and concentration to use when compressed to a hardness of 50 N/m2. The second stage of the study involved the investigation of the final triple-layer core-in-cup tablet to release theophylline at three different rates in simulated GI fluids. The triple-layer modulated core-in-cup tablet successfully released drug in simulated fluids at an initial rate of 40 mg/min, followed by a rate of 0.4085 mg/min, in simulated gastric fluid TS, 0.1860 mg/min in simulated intestinal fluid TS, and finally by a boosted rate of 0.6952 mg/min.
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An MR/MRI compatible core holder with the RF probe immersed in the confining fluid
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shakerian, M.; Balcom, B. J.
2018-01-01
An open frame RF probe for high pressure and high temperature MR/MRI measurements was designed, fabricated, and tested. The open frame RF probe was installed inside an MR/MRI compatible metallic core holder, withstanding a maximum pressure and temperature of 5000 psi and 80 °C. The open frame RF probe was tunable for both 1H and 19F resonance frequencies with a 0.2 T static magnetic field. The open frame structure was based on simple pillars of PEEK polymer upon which the RF probe was wound. The RF probe was immersed in the high pressure confining fluid during operation. The open frame structure simplified fabrication of the RF probe and significantly reduced the amount of polymeric materials in the core holder. This minimized the MR background signal detected. Phase encoding MRI methods were employed to map the spin density of a sulfur hexafluoride gas saturating a Berea core plug in the core holder. The SF6 was imaged as a high pressure gas and as a supercritical fluid.
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An MR/MRI compatible core holder with the RF probe immersed in the confining fluid.
Shakerian, M; Balcom, B J
2018-01-01
An open frame RF probe for high pressure and high temperature MR/MRI measurements was designed, fabricated, and tested. The open frame RF probe was installed inside an MR/MRI compatible metallic core holder, withstanding a maximum pressure and temperature of 5000 psi and 80 °C. The open frame RF probe was tunable for both 1 H and 19 F resonance frequencies with a 0.2 T static magnetic field. The open frame structure was based on simple pillars of PEEK polymer upon which the RF probe was wound. The RF probe was immersed in the high pressure confining fluid during operation. The open frame structure simplified fabrication of the RF probe and significantly reduced the amount of polymeric materials in the core holder. This minimized the MR background signal detected. Phase encoding MRI methods were employed to map the spin density of a sulfur hexafluoride gas saturating a Berea core plug in the core holder. The SF 6 was imaged as a high pressure gas and as a supercritical fluid. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Benton, E. R. (Principal Investigator)
1982-01-01
MAGSAT data were used to construct a variety of spherical harmonic models of the main geomagnetic field emanating from Earth's liquid core at poch 1980. These models were used to: (1) accurately determine the radius of Earth's core by a magnetic method, (2) calculate estimates, of the long-term ange of variation of geomagnetic Gauss coefficients; (3) establish a preferred truncation level for current spherical harmonic models of the main geomagnetic field from the core; (4) evaluate a method for taking account of electrical conduction in the mantle when the magnetic field is downward continued to the core-mantle boundary; and (5) establish that upwelling and downwelling of fluid motion at the top of the core is probably detectable, observationally. A fluid dynamics forecast model was not produced because of insufficient data.
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Critical parameters of hard-core Yukawa fluids within the structural theory
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bahaa Khedr, M.; Osman, S. M.
2012-10-01
A purely statistical mechanical approach is proposed to account for the liquid-vapor critical point based on the mean density approximation (MDA) of the direct correlation function. The application to hard-core Yukawa (HCY) fluids facilitates the use of the series mean spherical approximation (SMSA). The location of the critical parameters for HCY fluid with variable intermolecular range is accurately calculated. Good agreement is observed with computer simulation results and with the inverse temperature expansion (ITE) predictions. The influence of the potential range on the critical parameters is demonstrated and the universality of the critical compressibility ratio is discussed. The behavior of the isochoric and isobaric heat capacities along the equilibrium line and the near vicinity of the critical point is discussed in details.
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Review of coaxial flow gas core nuclear rocket fluid mechanics
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Weinstein, H.
1976-01-01
Almost all of the fluid mechanics research associated with the coaxial flow gas core reactor ended abruptly with the interruption of NASA's space nuclear program because of policy and budgetary considerations in 1973. An overview of program accomplishments is presented through a review of the experiments conducted and the analyses performed. Areas are indicated where additional research is required for a fuller understanding of cavity flow and of the factors which influence cold and hot flow containment. A bibliography is included with graphic material.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Seyed-Mahmoud, B.; Moradi, A.; Kamruzzaman, M.; Naseri, H.
2015-08-01
The Earth's outer core is a rotating ellipsoidal shell of compressible, stratified and self-gravitating fluid. As such, in the treatment of geophysical problems a realistic model of this body needs to be considered. In this work, we consider compressible and stratified fluid core models with different stratification parameters, related to the local Brunt-Väisälä frequency, in order to study the effects of the core's density stratification on the frequencies of some of the inertial-gravity modes of this body. The inertial-gravity modes of the core are free oscillations with periods longer than 12 hr. Historically, an incompressible and homogeneous fluid is considered to study these modes and analytical solutions are known for the frequencies and the displacement eigenfunctions of a spherical model. We show that for a compressible and stratified spherical core model the effects of non-neutral density stratification may be significant, and the frequencies of these modes may change from model to model. For example, for a spherical core model the frequency of the spin-over mode, the (2, 1, 1) mode, is unaffected while that of the (4, 1, 1) mode is changed from -0.410 for the Poincaré core model to -0.434, -0.447 and -0.483 for core models with the stability parameter β = -0.001, -0.002 and -0.005, respectively, a maximum change of about 18 per cent when β = -0.005. Our results also show that for small stratification parameter, |β| ≤ 0.005, the frequency of an inertial-gravity mode is a nearly linear function of β but the slope of the line is different for different modes, and that the effects of density stratification on the frequency of a mode is likely related to its spatial structure, which remains the same in different Earth models. We also compute the frequencies of some of the modes of the `PREM' (spherical shell) core model and show that the frequencies of these modes may also be significantly affected by non-zero β.
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Miteva, Vanya; Burlingame, Caroline; Sowers, Todd; Brenchley, Jean
2014-08-01
Demonstrating that the detected microbial diversity in nonaseptically drilled deep ice cores is truly indigenous is challenging because of potential contamination with exogenous microbial cells. The NEEM Greenland ice core project provided a first-time opportunity to determine the origin and extent of contamination throughout drilling. We performed multiple parallel cultivation and culture-independent analyses of five decontaminated ice core samples from different depths (100-2051 m), the drilling fluid and its components Estisol and Coasol, and the drilling chips collected during drilling. We created a collection of diverse bacterial and fungal isolates (84 from the drilling fluid and its components, 45 from decontaminated ice, and 66 from drilling chips). Their categorization as contaminants or intrinsic glacial ice microorganisms was based on several criteria, including phylogenetic analyses, genomic fingerprinting, phenotypic characteristics, and presence in drilling fluid, chips, and/or ice. Firmicutes and fungi comprised the dominant group of contaminants among isolates and cloned rRNA genes. Conversely, most Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria originating from the ice were identified as intrinsic. This study provides a database of potential contaminants useful for future studies of NEEM cores and can contribute toward developing standardized protocols for contamination detection and ensuring the authenticity of the microbial diversity in deep glacial ice. © 2014 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Millan, C.; Wilson, T. J.; Paulsen, T. S.
2009-12-01
The McMurdo Ice Shelf project successfully recovered 1285 m of Neogene sedimentary core from the Victoria Land Basin, a large rift basin within the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS) of Antarctica. The core contains 1475 natural fractures that were logged as faults, veins and clastic dikes, associated with the southern extension of the Neogene-active? Terror Rift fault zone. Veins constitute about 625 of this population. Most veins are filled with calcite, although zeolites and minor chlorite are common towards the bottom of the core. In the lower ~300 m of the core, veins contain opening-mode fiber fills and are wavy to tightly folded due to vertical shortening. Folded, opening-mode folded veins are filled by calcite fibers that grew normal to vein walls, indicating the host sediment was cohesive enough to fracture but was not fully lithified and accommodated vein buckling during compaction. Fold hinges are fractured and wedging of vein segments is marked by overlapping tips separated by zones with strong chlorite and clay fabrics, suggesting shearing during further vertical contraction of the host rock. Calcite veins are commonly strongly twinned. Cathodoluminescence microscopy shows minor changes in color and intensity and minimal concentric or sectoral zoning, suggesting relatively rapid crystallization of fluids of similar chemistry. However, stable isotope analyses reveal large variations in values, with carbon values ranging from -21.91 to -7.15 (VPBD) and oxygen values ranging from -5.35 to -11.97 (VPBD). Further detailed investigation of the fracture fills using cathodoluminescence and electron microscopy combined with isotopic analysis of carbon and oxygen will document the generations of the filling material in more detail and will constrain the sources and evolution of the fluids. There has clearly been significant structural control on fluid pathways during lithification, compaction and diagenesis of strata deforming within the Terror Rift zone.
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Bargar, K.E.
1991-01-01
The Platanares geothermal area in western Honduras consists of more than 100 hot springs that issue from numerous hot-spring groups along the banks or within the streambed of the Quebrada de Agua Caliente (brook of hot water). Evaluation of this geothermal area included drilling a 650-m deep PLTG-1 drill hole which penetrated a surface mantling of stream terrace deposits, about 550 m of Tertiary andesitic lava flows, and Cretaceous to lower Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the lower 90 m of the drill core. Fractures and cavities in the drill core are partly to completely filled by hydrothermal minerals that include quartz, kaolinite, mixed-layer illite-smectite, barite, fluorite, chlorite, calcite, laumontite, biotite, hematite, marcasite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, and sphalerite; the most common open-space fillings are calcite and quartz. Biotite from 138.9-m depth, dated at 37.41 Ma by replicate 40Ar/39 Ar analyses using a continuous laser system, is the earliest hydrothermal mineral deposited in the PLTG-1 drill core. This mid-Tertiary age indicates that at least some of the hydrothermal alteration encountered in the PLTG-1 drill core occured in the distant past and is unrelated to the present geothermal system. Furthermore, homogenization temperatures (Th) and melting-point temperatures (Tm) for fluid inclusions in two of the later-formed hydrothermal minerals, calcite and barite, suggest that the temperatures and concentration of dissolved solids of the fluids present at the time these fluid inclusions formed were very different from the present temperatures and fluid chemistry measured in the drill hole. Liquid-rich secondary fluid inclusions in barite and caicite from drill hole PLTG-1 have Th values that range from about 20??C less than the present measured temperature curve at 590.1-m depth to as much as 90??C higher than the temperature curve at 46.75-m depth. Many of the barite Th measurements (ranging between 114?? and 265??C) plot above the
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Jin, Yinghui; Tian, Jinhui; Sun, Mei; Yang, Kehu
2011-02-01
The purpose of this systematic review was to establish whether warmed irrigation fluid temperature could decrease the drop of body temperature and incidence of shivering and hypothermia. Irrigation fluid, which is used in large quantities during endoscopic surgeries at room temperature, is considered to be associated with hypothermia and shivering. It remains controversial whether using warmed irrigation fluid to replace room-temperature irrigation fluid will decrease the drop of core body temperature and the occurrence of hypothermia. A comprehensive search (computerised database searches, footnote chasing, citation chasing) was undertaken to identify all the randomised controlled trials that explored temperature of irrigation fluid in endoscopic surgery. An approach involving meta-analysis was used. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCI, China academic journals full-text databases, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese scientific journals databases and Chinese Medical Association Journals for trials that meet the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using standards recommended by Cochrane Library Handbook 5.0.1. Disagreement was resolved by consensus. Thirteen randomised controlled trials including 686 patients were identified. The results showed that room-temperature irrigation fluid caused a greater drop of core body temperature in patients, compared to warmed irrigation fluid (p < 0.00001; I(2) = 85%). The occurrence of shivering [odds ratio (OR) 5.13, 95% CI: 2.95-10.19, p < 0.00001; I(2) = 0%] and hypothermia (OR 22.01, 95% CI: 2.03-197.08, p = 0.01; I(2) = 64%) in the groups having warmed irrigation fluid were lower than the group of studies having room-temperature fluid. In endoscopic surgeries, irrigation fluid is recommended to be warmed to decrease the drop of core body temperature and the risk of perioperative shivering and hypothermia. Warming irrigating fluid should be considered standard practice in all endoscopic
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All-fiber magnetic field sensor based on tapered thin-core fiber and magnetic fluid.
Zhang, Junying; Qiao, Xueguang; Yang, Hangzhou; Wang, Ruohui; Rong, Qiangzhou; Lim, Kok-Sing; Ahmad, Harith
2017-01-10
A method for the measurement of a magnetic field by combining a tapered thin-core fiber (TTCF) and magnetic fluid is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The modal interference effect is caused by the core mode and excited eigenmodes in the TTCF cladding. The transmission spectra of the proposed sensor are measured and theoretically analyzed at different magnetic field strengths. The results field show that the magnetic sensitivity reaches up to -0.1039 dB/Oe in the range of 40-1600 e. The proposed method possesses high sensitivity and low cost compared with other expensive methods.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kouris, Charalampos; Tsamopoulos, John
2002-03-01
The nonlinear dynamics of the concentric, two-phase flow of two immiscible fluids in a circular tube is studied when the viscosity ratio of the fluid in the annulus to that in the core of the tube, μ, is larger than or equal to unity. For these values of the viscosity ratio the perfect core-annular flow (CAF) is linearly unstable and it is necessary to keep the ratio of the thickness of the annulus to the radius of the tube small so that the solutions remain uniformly bounded. The simulations are based on a pseudospectral numerical method while special care has been taken in order to minimize as far as possible the effect of the boundary conditions imposed in the axial direction allowing for multiple waves of different lengths to develop and interact. The time integration originates with the analytical solution for the pressure driven, perfect CAF or the perfect CAF seeded with either the most unstable mode or random disturbances. Quite regular wave patterns are predicted in the first two cases, whereas multiple unstable modes grow and remain even after saturation of the instability in the last case. The resulting waves generally travel in the same direction and faster than the undisturbed interface, except for the case with μ=1 for which they are stationary with respect to it. Depending on parameter values, waves move with the same velocity or interact with each other exchanging their amplitudes or merge and split giving rise to either chaotic or organized solutions. For fluids of equal viscosities and densities (μ=ρ=1) and for a Reynolds number, Re(≡Λρ̂1R̂2Ŵ0/μ̂1)=0.0275 and an inverse Weber number, W(≡T̂/(ρ̂1Ŵ02R̂2))=145.4, both based on the properties of the inner fluid, the tube radius, R̂2, and the average flow velocity, Ŵ0, small amplitude waves are predicted. The increase of μ by almost two orders of magnitude does not affect their amplitudes, but increases their temporal period linearly. Varying W by more than three orders of
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On the coupling of fluid dynamics and electromagnetism at the top of the earth's core
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Benton, E. R.
1985-01-01
A kinematic approach to short-term geomagnetism has recently been based upon pre-Maxwell frozen-flux electromagnetism. A complete dynamic theory requires coupling fluid dynamics to electromagnetism. A geophysically plausible simplifying assumption for the vertical vorticity balance, namely that the vertical Lorentz torque is negligible, is introduced and its consequences are developed. The simplified coupled magnetohydrodynamic system is shown to conserve a variety of magnetic and vorticity flux integrals. These provide constraints on eligible models for the geomagnetic main field, its secular variation, and the horizontal fluid motions at the top of the core, and so permit a number of tests of the underlying assumptions.
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LUMA: A many-core, Fluid-Structure Interaction solver based on the Lattice-Boltzmann Method
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Harwood, Adrian R. G.; O'Connor, Joseph; Sanchez Muñoz, Jonathan; Camps Santasmasas, Marta; Revell, Alistair J.
2018-01-01
The Lattice-Boltzmann Method at the University of Manchester (LUMA) project was commissioned to build a collaborative research environment in which researchers of all abilities can study fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems in engineering applications from aerodynamics to medicine. It is built on the principles of accessibility, simplicity and flexibility. The LUMA software at the core of the project is a capable FSI solver with turbulence modelling and many-core scalability as well as a wealth of input/output and pre- and post-processing facilities. The software has been validated and several major releases benchmarked on supercomputing facilities internationally. The software architecture is modular and arranged logically using a minimal amount of object-orientation to maintain a simple and accessible software.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Han, Duanduan; Ugaz, Victor
2017-01-01
Three self-contained mini-labs were integrated into a core undergraduate fluid mechanics course, with the goal of delivering hands-on content in a manner scalable to large class sizes. These mini-labs supported learning objectives involving friction loss in pipes, flow measurement, and centrifugal pump analysis. The hands-on experiments were…
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Mean electromotive force generated by asymmetric fluid flow near the surface of earth's outer core
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bhattacharyya, Archana
1992-10-01
The phi component of the mean electromotive force, (ETF) generated by asymmetric flow of fluid just beneath the core-mantle boundary (CMB), is obtained using a geomagnetic field model. This analysis is based on the supposition that the axisymmetric part of fluid flow beneath the CMB is tangentially geostrophic and toroidal. For all the epochs studied, the computed phi component is stronger in the Southern Hemisphere than that in the Northern Hemisphere. Assuming a linear relationship between (ETF) and the azimuthally averaged magnetic field (AAMF), the only nonzero off-diagonal components of the pseudotensor relating ETF to AAMF, are estimated as functions of colatitude, and the physical implications of the results are discussed.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Williams, J. G.; Boggs, D. H.; Ratcliff, J. T.
2004-01-01
Variations in rotation and orientation of the Moon are sensitive to solid-body tidal dissipation, dissipation due to relative motion at the fluid-core/solid-mantle boundary, and tidal Love number k2 [1,2]. There is weaker sensitivity to flattening of the core-mantle boundary (CMB) [2,3,4] and fluid core moment of inertia [1]. Accurate Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) measurements of the distance from observatories on the Earth to four retroreflector arrays on the Moon are sensitive to lunar rotation and orientation variations and tidal displacements. Past solutions using the LLR data have given results for dissipation due to solid-body tides and fluid core [1] plus Love number [1-5]. Detection of CMB flattening, which in the past has been marginal but improving [3,4,5], now seems significant. Direct detection of the core moment has not yet been achieved.
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Hydrocarbon fluid, ejector refrigeration system
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kowalski, G.J.; Foster, A.R.
1993-08-31
A refrigeration system is described comprising: a vapor ejector cycle including a working fluid having a property such that entropy of the working fluid when in a saturated vapor state decreases as pressure decreases, the vapor ejector cycle comprising: a condenser located on a common fluid flow path; a diverter located downstream from the condenser for diverting the working fluid into a primary fluid flow path and a secondary fluid flow path parallel to the primary fluid flow path; an evaporator located on the secondary fluid flow path; an expansion device located on the secondary fluid flow path upstream ofmore » the evaporator; a boiler located on the primary fluid flow path parallel to the evaporator for boiling the working fluid, the boiler comprising an axially extending core region having a substantially constant cross sectional area and a porous capillary region surrounding the core region, the core region extending a length sufficient to produce a near sonic velocity saturated vapor; and an ejector having an outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the condenser and an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the evaporator and the outlet of the boiler and in which the flows of the working fluid from the evaporator and the boiler are mixed and the pressure of the working fluid is increased to at least the pressure of the condenser, the ejector inlet, located downstream from the axially extending core region, including a primary nozzle located sufficiently close to the outlet of the boiler to minimize a pressure drop between the boiler and the primary nozzle, the primary nozzle of the ejector including a converging section having an included angle and length preselected to receive the working fluid from the boiler as a near sonic velocity saturated vapor.« less
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Prodanović, M; Lindquist, W B; Seright, R S
2006-06-01
Using oil-wet polyethylene core models, we present the development of robust throat finding techniques for the extraction, from X-ray microtomographic images, of a pore network description of porous media having porosity up to 50%. Measurements of volume, surface area, shape factor, and principal diameters are extracted for pores and area, shape factor and principal diameters for throats. We also present results on the partitioning of wetting and non-wetting phases in the pore space at fixed volume increments of the injected fluid during a complete cycle of drainage and imbibition. We compare these results with fixed fractional flow injection, where wetting and non-wetting phase are simultaneously injected at fixed volume ratio. Finally we demonstrate the ability to differentiate three fluid phases (oil, water, air) in the pore space.
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Core rotational dynamics and geological events
Greff-Lefftz; Legros
1999-11-26
A study of Earth's fluid core oscillations induced by lunar-solar tidal forces, together with tidal secular deceleration of Earth's axial rotation, shows that the rotational eigenfrequency of the fluid core and some solar tidal waves were in resonance around 3.0 x 10(9), 1.8 x 10(9), and 3 x 10(8) years ago. The associated viscomagnetic frictional power at the core boundaries may be converted into heat and would destabilize the D" thermal layer, leading to the generation of deep-mantle plumes, and would also increase the temperature at the fluid core boundaries, perturbing the core dynamo process. Such phenomena could account for large-scale episodes of continental crust formation, the generation of flood basalts, and abrupt changes in geomagnetic reversal frequency.
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Schenewerk, William E.; Glasgow, Lyle E.
1983-01-01
A liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactor provided with an emergency core cooling system includes a reactor vessel which contains a reactor core comprising an array of fuel assemblies and a plurality of blanket assemblies. The reactor core is immersed in a pool of liquid metal coolant. The reactor also includes a primary coolant system comprising a pump and conduits for circulating liquid metal coolant to the reactor core and through the fuel and blanket assemblies of the core. A converging-diverging venturi nozzle with an intermediate throat section is provided in between the assemblies and the pump. The intermediate throat section of the nozzle is provided with at least one opening which is in fluid communication with the pool of liquid sodium. In normal operation, coolant flows from the pump through the nozzle to the assemblies with very little fluid flowing through the opening in the throat. However, when the pump is not running, residual heat in the core causes fluid from the pool to flow through the opening in the throat of the nozzle and outwardly through the nozzle to the assemblies, thus providing a means of removing decay heat.
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Stevenson, D J
1981-11-06
Combined inferences from seismology, high-pressure experiment and theory, geomagnetism, fluid dynamics, and current views of terrestrial planetary evolution lead to models of the earth's core with the following properties. Core formation was contemporaneous with earth accretion; the core is not in chemical equilibrium with the mantle; the outer core is a fluid iron alloy containing significant quantities of lighter elements and is probably almost adiabatic and compositionally uniform; the more iron-rich inner solid core is a consequence of partial freezing of the outer core, and the energy release from this process sustains the earth's magnetic field; and the thermodynamic properties of the core are well constrained by the application of liquid-state theory to seismic and laboratory data.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stevenson, D. J.
1981-01-01
Combined inferences from seismology, high-pressure experiment and theory, geomagnetism, fluid dynamics, and current views of terrestrial planetary evolution lead to models of the earth's core with five basic properties. These are that core formation was contemporaneous with earth accretion; the core is not in chemical equilibrium with the mantle; the outer core is a fluid iron alloy containing significant quantities of lighter elements and is probably almost adiabatic and compositionally uniform; the more iron-rich inner solid core is a consequence of partial freezing of the outer core, and the energy release from this process sustains the earth's magnetic field; and the thermodynamic properties of the core are well constrained by the application of liquid-state theory to seismic and labroatory data.
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Rey, Marcel; Fernández-Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel; Steinacher, Mathias; Scheidegger, Laura; Geisel, Karen; Richtering, Walter; Squires, Todd M; Isa, Lucio
2016-04-21
We have studied the complete two-dimensional phase diagram of a core-shell microgel-laden fluid interface by synchronizing its compression with the deposition of the interfacial monolayer. Applying a new protocol, different positions on the substrate correspond to different values of the monolayer surface pressure and specific area. Analyzing the microstructure of the deposited monolayers, we discovered an isostructural solid-solid phase transition between two crystalline phases with the same hexagonal symmetry, but with two different lattice constants. The two phases corresponded to shell-shell and core-core inter-particle contacts, respectively; with increasing surface pressure the former mechanically failed enabling the particle cores to come into contact. In the phase-transition region, clusters of particles in core-core contacts nucleate, melting the surrounding shell-shell crystal, until the whole monolayer moves into the second phase. We furthermore measured the interfacial rheology of the monolayers as a function of the surface pressure using an interfacial microdisk rheometer. The interfaces always showed a strong elastic response, with a dip in the shear elastic modulus in correspondence with the melting of the shell-shell phase, followed by a steep increase upon the formation of a percolating network of the core-core contacts. These results demonstrate that the core-shell nature of the particles leads to a rich mechanical and structural behavior that can be externally tuned by compressing the interface, indicating new routes for applications, e.g. in surface patterning or emulsion stabilization.
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Update on the core and developing cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer disease
Babić, Mirjana; Švob Štrac, Dubravka; Mück-Šeler, Dorotea; Pivac, Nela; Stanić, Gabrijela; Hof, Patrick R.; Šimić, Goran
2014-01-01
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, whose prevalence will dramatically rise by 2050. Despite numerous clinical trials investigating this disease, there is still no effective treatment. Many trials showed negative or inconclusive results, possibly because they recruited only patients with severe disease, who had not undergone disease-modifying therapies in preclinical stages of AD before severe degeneration occurred. Detection of AD in asymptomatic at risk individuals (and a few presymptomatic individuals who carry an autosomal dominant monogenic AD mutation) remains impractical in many of clinical situations and is possible only with reliable biomarkers. In addition to early diagnosis of AD, biomarkers should serve for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy. To date, the most promising biomarkers are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging biomarkers. Core CSF biomarkers (amyloid β1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau) showed a high diagnostic accuracy but were still unreliable for preclinical detection of AD. Hence, there is an urgent need for detection and validation of novel CSF biomarkers that would enable early diagnosis of AD in asymptomatic individuals. This article reviews recent research advances on biomarkers for AD, focusing mainly on the CSF biomarkers. In addition to core CSF biomarkers, the potential usefulness of novel CSF biomarkers is discussed. PMID:25165049
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gran, M.; Zahasky, C.; Garing, C.; Pollyea, R. M.; Benson, S. M.
2017-12-01
One way to reduce CO2 emissions is to capture CO2 generated in power plants and other industrial sources to inject it into a geological formation. Sedimentary basins are the ones traditionally used to store CO2 but the emission sources are not always close to these type of basins. In this case, basalt rocks present a good storage alternative due their extent and also their potential for mineral trapping. Flow through basaltic rocks is governed by the permeable paths provided by rock fractures. Hence, knowing the behavior of the multiphase flow in these fractures becomes crucial. With the aim to describe how aperture and liquid-gas interface changes in the fracture affect relative permeability and what are the implications of permeability stress dependency, a series of core experiments were conducted. To calculate fracture apertures and fluid saturations, core flooding experiments combined with medical X-Ray CT scanner and micro-PET imaging (Micro Positron Emission Tomography) were performed. Capillary pressure and relative permeability drainage curves were simultaneously measured in a fractured basalt core under typical storage reservoir pressures and temperatures. The X-Ray scanner allows fracture apertures to be measured quite accurately even for fractures as small as 30 µ, but obtaining fluid saturations is not straightforward. The micro-PET imaging provides dynamic measurements of tracer distributions which can be used to calculate saturation. Here new experimental data is presented and the challenges associated with measuring fluid saturations using both X-Rays and micro-PET are discussed.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Song, Xia-Dong; Chao, Benjamin (Technical Monitor)
1999-01-01
The part of the grant was to use recordings of seismic waves travelling through the earth's core (PKP waves) to study the inner core rotation and constraints on possible density anomalies in the fluid core. The shapes and relative arrival times of such waves associated with a common source were used to reduce the uncertainties in source location and excitation and the effect of unknown mantle structure. The major effort of the project is to assemble historical seismograms with long observing base lines. We have found original paper records of SSI earthquakes at COL between 1951 and 1966 in a warehouse of the U.S. Geological Survey office in Golden, Colorado, extending the previous measurements at COL by Song and Richards [1996] further back 15 years. Also in Alaska, the University of Alaska, Fairbanks Geophysical Institute (UAFGI) has been operating the Alaskan Seismic Network with over 100 stations since the late 1960s. Virtually complete archives of seismograms are still available at UAFGI. Unfortunately, most of the archives are in microchip form (develocorders), for which the use of waveforms is impossible. Paper seismograms (helicorders) are available for a limited number of stations, and digital recordings of analog signals started around 1989. Of the paper records obtained, stations at Gilmore Dome (GLM, very close to COL), Yukon (FYU), McKinley (MCK), and Sheep Creek Mountain (SCM) have the most complete continuous recordings.
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Magnetic nuclear core restraint and control
Cooper, Martin H.
1979-01-01
A lateral restraint and control system for a nuclear reactor core adaptable to provide an inherent decrease of core reactivity in response to abnormally high reactor coolant fluid temperatures. An electromagnet is associated with structure for radially compressing the core during normal reactor conditions. A portion of the structures forming a magnetic circuit are composed of ferromagnetic material having a curie temperature corresponding to a selected coolant fluid temperature. Upon a selected signal, or inherently upon a preselected rise in coolant temperature, the magnetic force is decreased a given amount sufficient to relieve the compression force so as to allow core radial expansion. The expanded core configuration provides a decreased reactivity, tending to shut down the nuclear reaction.
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Magnetic nuclear core restraint and control
Cooper, Martin H.
1978-01-01
A lateral restraint and control system for a nuclear reactor core adaptable to provide an inherent decrease of core reactivity in response to abnormally high reactor coolant fluid temperatures. An electromagnet is associated with structure for radially compressing the core during normal reactor conditions. A portion of the structures forming a magnetic circuit are composed of ferromagnetic material having a curie temperature corresponding to a selected coolant fluid temperature. Upon a selected signal, or inherently upon a preselected rise in coolant temperature, the magnetic force is decreased a given amount sufficient to relieve the compression force so as to allow core radial expansion. The expanded core configuration provides a decreased reactivity, tending to shut down the nuclear reaction.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Zizhen; Schmitt, Douglas R.; Wang, Ruihe
2017-08-01
A core scale modeling method for viscoelastic properties of rocks saturated with viscous fluid at low frequencies is developed based on the stress-strain method. The elastic moduli dispersion of viscous fluid is described by the Maxwell's spring-dash pot model. Based on this modeling method, we numerically test the effects of frequency, fluid viscosity, porosity, pore size, and pore aspect ratio on the storage moduli and the stress-strain phase lag of saturated rocks. And we also compared the modeling results to the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds and the coherent potential approximation (CPA). The dynamic moduli calculated from the modeling are lower than the predictions of CPA, and both of these fall between the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. The modeling results indicate that the frequency and the fluid viscosity have similar effects on the dynamic moduli dispersion of fully saturated rocks. We observed the Debye peak in the phase lag variation with the change of frequency and viscosity. The pore structure parameters, such as porosity, pore size, and aspect ratio affect the rock frame stiffness and result in different viscoelastic behaviors of the saturated rocks. The stress-strain phase lags are larger with smaller stiffness contrasts between the rock frame and the pore fluid. The viscoelastic properties of saturated rocks are more sensitive to aspect ratio compared to other pore structure parameters. The results suggest that significant seismic dispersion (at about 50-200 Hz) might be expected for both compressional and shear waves passing through rocks saturated with highly viscous fluids.
Plain Language SummaryWe develop a <span class="hlt">core</span> scale modeling method to simulate the viscoelastic properties of rocks saturated with viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> at low frequencies based on the stress-strain method. The elastic moduli dispersion of viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is described by the Maxwell's spring-dash pot model. By using this modeling method, we numerically test</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730037391&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730037391&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>The <span class="hlt">core</span> paradox.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kennedy, G. C.; Higgins, G. H.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>Rebuttal of suggestions from various critics attempting to provide an escape from the seeming paradox originated by Higgins and Kennedy's (1971) proposed possibility that the liquid in the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> was thermally stably stratified and that this stratification might prove a powerful inhibitor to circulation of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of the kind postulated for the generation of the earth's magnetic field. These suggestions are examined and shown to provide no reasonable escape from the <span class="hlt">core</span> paradox.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5416542-emergency-deployable-core-catcher','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5416542-emergency-deployable-core-catcher"><span>Emergency deployable <span class="hlt">core</span> catcher</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rosewell, M.P.</p> <p></p> <p>An emergency melt down <span class="hlt">core</span> catcher apparatus for a nuclear reactor having a retrofitable eutectic solute holding vessel connected to a <span class="hlt">core</span> containment vessel with particle transferring <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and particles or granules of solid eutectic solute materials contained therein and transferable by automatically operated valve means to transport and position the solid eutectic solute material in a position below the <span class="hlt">core</span> to catch and react with any partial or complete melt down of the fuel <span class="hlt">core</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27052741','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27052741"><span>Efficacy of intravenous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warming during goal-directed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> therapy in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choi, Ji-Won; Kim, Duk-Kyung; Lee, Seung-Won; Park, Jung-Bo; Lee, Gyu-Hong</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intravenous (IV) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warming in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomly assigned to receive either IV <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at room temperature (control group) or warmed IV <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (warm <span class="hlt">fluids</span> group). Each patient received a standardized goal-directed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> regimen based on stroke volume variances. Oesophageal temperature was measured at 15 min intervals for 2 h after induction of anaesthesia. A total of 52 patients were enrolled in the study. The drop in <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature in the warm <span class="hlt">fluids</span> group was significantly less than in the control group 2 h after the induction of anaesthesia. This significant difference was seen from 30 min after induction. IV <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warming was associated with a smaller drop in <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature than room temperature IV <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in laparoscopic colorectal surgery incorporating goal-directed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> therapy. © The Author(s) 2016.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH11A0086S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH11A0086S"><span>Computer Simulation To Assess The Feasibility Of <span class="hlt">Coring</span> Magma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Su, J.; Eichelberger, J. C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Lava lakes on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii have been successfully <span class="hlt">cored</span> many times, often with nearly complete recovery and at temperatures exceeding 1100oC. Water exiting nozzles on the diamond <span class="hlt">core</span> bit face quenches melt to glass just ahead of the advancing bit. The bit readily cuts a clean annulus and the <span class="hlt">core</span>, fully quenched lava, passes smoothly into the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel. The <span class="hlt">core</span> remains intact after recovery, even when there are comparable amounts of glass and crystals with different coefficients of thermal expansion. The unique resulting data reveal the rate and sequence of crystal growth in cooling basaltic lava and the continuous liquid line of descent as a function of temperature from basalt to rhyolite. Now that magma bodies, rather than lava pooled at the surface, have been penetrated by geothermal drilling, the question arises as to whether similar <span class="hlt">coring</span> could be conducted at depth, providing fundamentally new insights into behavior of magma. This situation is considerably more complex because the <span class="hlt">coring</span> would be conducted at depths exceeding 2 km and drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures of 20 MPa or more. Criteria that must be satisfied include: 1) melt is quenched ahead of the bit and the <span class="hlt">core</span> itself must be quenched before it enters the barrel; 2) circulating drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> must keep the temperature of the <span class="hlt">coring</span> assembling cooled to within operational limits; 3) the drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> column must nowhere exceed the local boiling point. A <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow simulation was conducted to estimate the process parameters necessary to maintain workable temperatures during the <span class="hlt">coring</span> operation. SolidWorks Flow Simulation was used to estimate the effect of process parameters on the temperature distribution of the magma immediately surrounding the borehole and of drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> within the bottom-hole assembly (BHA). A solid model of the BHA was created in SolidWorks to capture the flow behavior around the BHA components. Process parameters used in the model include the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> properties and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23802966','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23802966"><span>Critical asymmetry in renormalization group theory for <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Wei; Wu, Liang; Wang, Long; Li, Liyan; Cai, Jun</p> <p>2013-06-21</p> <p>The renormalization-group (RG) approaches for <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are employed to investigate critical asymmetry of vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Three different approaches based on RG theory for <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are reviewed and compared. RG approaches are applied to various <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems: hard-<span class="hlt">core</span> square-well <span class="hlt">fluids</span> of variable ranges, hard-<span class="hlt">core</span> Yukawa <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, and square-well dimer <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and modelling VLE of n-alkane molecules. Phase diagrams of simple model <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and alkanes described by RG approaches are analyzed to assess the capability of describing the VLE critical asymmetry which is suggested in complete scaling theory. Results of thermodynamic properties obtained by RG theory for <span class="hlt">fluids</span> agree with the simulation and experimental data. Coexistence diameters, which are smaller than the critical densities, are found in the RG descriptions of critical asymmetries of several <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Our calculation and analysis show that the approach coupling local free energy with White's RG iteration which aims to incorporate density fluctuations into free energy is not adequate for VLE critical asymmetry due to the inadequate order parameter and the local free energy functional used in the partition function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H23G1763H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H23G1763H"><span>Contamination Control of Freeze Shoe <span class="hlt">Coring</span> System for Collection of Aquifer Sands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Homola, K.; van Geen, A.; Spivack, A. J.; Grzybowski, B.; Schlottenmier, D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We have developed and tested an original device, the freeze-shoe <span class="hlt">coring</span> system, designed to recover undisturbed samples of water contained in sand-dominated aquifers. Aquifer sands are notoriously difficult to collect together with porewater from coincident depths, as high hydraulic permeability leads to water drainage and mixing during retrieval. Two existing corer designs were reconfigured to incorporate the freeze-shoe system; a Hydraulic Piston (HPC) and a Rotary (RC) Corer. Once deployed, liquid CO2 contained in an interior tank is channeled to coils at the <span class="hlt">core</span> head where it changes phase, rapidly cooling the deepest portion of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The resulting frozen <span class="hlt">core</span> material impedes water loss during recovery. We conducted contamination tests to examine the integrity of <span class="hlt">cores</span> retrieved during a March 2017 yard test deployment. Perfluorocarbon tracer (PFC) was added to the drill <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and recovered <span class="hlt">cores</span> were subsampled to capture the distribution of PFC throughout the <span class="hlt">core</span> length and interior. Samples were collected from two HPC and one RC <span class="hlt">core</span> and analyzed for PFC concentrations. The lowest porewater contamination, around 0.01% invasive <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, occurs in the center of both HPC <span class="hlt">cores</span>. The greatest contamination (up to 10%) occurs at the disturbed edges where <span class="hlt">core</span> material contacts drill <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. There was lower contamination in the <span class="hlt">core</span> interior than top, bottom, and edges, as well as significantly lower contamination in HPC <span class="hlt">cores</span> that those recovered with the RC. These results confirm that the freeze-shoe system, proposed for field test deployments in West Bengal, India, can successfully collect intact porewater and sediment material with minimal if any contamination from drill <span class="hlt">fluid</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930013622','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930013622"><span>On the nonlinear interfacial instability of rotating <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flow</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Coward, Aidrian V.; Hall, Philip</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The interfacial stability of rotating <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flows is investigated. The linear and nonlinear effects are considered for the case when the annular region is very thin. Both asymptotic and numerical methods are used to solve the flow in the <span class="hlt">core</span> and film regions which are coupled by a difference in viscosity and density. The long-term behavior of the <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> interface is determined by deriving its nonlinear evolution in the form of a modified Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. We obtain a generalization of this equation to three dimensions. The flows considered are applicable to a wide array of physical problems where liquid films are used to lubricate higher or lower viscosity <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, for which a concentric arrangement is desired. Linearized solutions show that the effects of density and viscosity stratification are crucial to the stability of the interface. Rotation generally destabilizes non-axisymmetric disturbances to the interface, whereas the centripetal forces tend to stabilize flows in which the film contains the heavier <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Nonlinear affects allow finite amplitude helically travelling waves to exist when the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have different viscosities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087913','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087913"><span>Electrically tunable negative refraction in <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell-structured nanorod <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Su, Zhaoxian; Yin, Jianbo; Guan, Yanqing; Zhao, Xiaopeng</p> <p>2014-10-21</p> <p>We theoretically investigate optical refraction behavior in a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> system which contains silica-coated gold nanorods dispersed in silicone oil under an external electric field. Because of the formation of a chain-like or lattice-like structure of dispersed nanorods along the electric field, the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shows a hyperbolic equifrequency contour characteristic and, as a result, all-angle broadband optical negative refraction for transverse magnetic wave propagation can be realized. We calculate the effective permittivity tensor of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and verify the analysis using finite element simulations. We also find that the negative refractive index can vary with the electric field strength and external field distribution. Under a non-uniform external field, the gradient refraction behavior can be realized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JFM...592...23S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JFM...592...23S"><span>Stability of miscible <span class="hlt">core</span>?annular flows with viscosity stratification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Selvam, B.; Merk, S.; Govindarajan, Rama; Meiburg, E.</p> <p></p> <p>The linear stability of variable viscosity, miscible <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flows is investigated. Consistent with pipe flow of a single <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, the flow is stable at any Reynolds number when the magnitude of the viscosity ratio is less than a critical value. This is in contrast to the immiscible case without interfacial tension, which is unstable at any viscosity ratio. Beyond the critical value of the viscosity ratio, the flow can be unstable even when the more viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is in the <span class="hlt">core</span>. This is in contrast to plane channel flows with finite interface thickness, which are always stabilized relative to single <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow when the less viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is in contact with the wall. If the more viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> occupies the <span class="hlt">core</span>, the axisymmetric mode usually dominates over the corkscrew mode. It is demonstrated that, for a less viscous <span class="hlt">core</span>, the corkscrew mode is inviscidly unstable, whereas the axisymmetric mode is unstable for small Reynolds numbers at high Schmidt numbers. For the parameters under consideration, the switchover occurs at an intermediate Schmidt number of about 500. The occurrence of inviscid instability for the corkscrew mode is shown to be consistent with the Rayleigh criterion for pipe flows. In some parameter ranges, the miscible flow is seen to be more unstable than its immiscible counterpart, and the physical reasons for this behaviour are discussed.A detailed parametric study shows that increasing the interface thickness has a uniformly stabilizing effect. The flow is least stable when the interface between the two <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is located at approximately 0.6 times the tube radius. Unlike for channel flow, there is no sudden change in the stability with radial location of the interface. The instability originates mainly in the less viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, close to the interface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNG21A0148P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNG21A0148P"><span>Modeling the Conducting Stably-Stratified Layer of the Earth's <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Petitdemange, L.; Philidet, J.; Gissinger, C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Observations of the Earth magnetic field as well as recent theoretical works tend to show that the Earth's outer liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> is mostly comprised of a convective zone in which the Earth's magnetic field is generated - likely by dynamo action -, but also features a thin, stably stratified layer at the top of the <span class="hlt">core</span>.We carry out direct numerical simulations by modeling this thin layer as an axisymmetric spherical Couette flow for a stably stratified <span class="hlt">fluid</span> embedded in a dipolar magnetic field. The dynamo region is modeled by a conducting inner <span class="hlt">core</span> rotating slightly faster than the insulating mantle due to magnetic torques acting on it, such that a weak differential rotation (low Rossby limit) can develop in the stably stratified layer.In the case of a non-stratified <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, the combined action of the differential rotation and the magnetic field leads to the well known regime of `super-rotation', in which the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> rotates faster than the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>. Whereas in the classical case, this super-rotation is known to vanish in the magnetostrophic limit, we show here that the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> stratification significantly extends the magnitude of the super-rotation, keeping this phenomenon relevant for the Earth <span class="hlt">core</span>. Finally, we study how the shear layers generated by this new state might give birth to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or waves impacting the secular variations or jerks of the Earth's magnetic field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PApGe.172.1053B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PApGe.172.1053B"><span>Composition, Alteration, and Texture of Fault-Related Rocks from Safod <span class="hlt">Core</span> and Surface Outcrop Analogs: Evidence for Deformation Processes and <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Rock Interactions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bradbury, Kelly K.; Davis, Colter R.; Shervais, John W.; Janecke, Susanne U.; Evans, James P.</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>We examine the fine-scale variations in mineralogical composition, geochemical alteration, and texture of the fault-related rocks from the Phase 3 whole-rock <span class="hlt">core</span> sampled between 3,187.4 and 3,301.4 m measured depth within the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole near Parkfield, California. This work provides insight into the physical and chemical properties, structural architecture, and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions associated with the actively deforming traces of the San Andreas Fault zone at depth. Exhumed outcrops within the SAF system comprised of serpentinite-bearing protolith are examined for comparison at San Simeon, Goat Rock State Park, and Nelson Creek, California. In the Phase 3 SAFOD drillcore samples, the fault-related rocks consist of multiple juxtaposed lenses of sheared, foliated siltstone and shale with block-in-matrix fabric, black cataclasite to ultracataclasite, and sheared serpentinite-bearing, finely foliated fault gouge. Meters-wide zones of sheared rock and fault gouge correlate to the sites of active borehole casing deformation and are characterized by scaly clay fabric with multiple discrete slip surfaces or anastomosing shear zones that surround conglobulated or rounded clasts of compacted clay and/or serpentinite. The fine gouge matrix is composed of Mg-rich clays and serpentine minerals (saponite ± palygorskite, and lizardite ± chrysotile). Whole-rock geochemistry data show increases in Fe-, Mg-, Ni-, and Cr-oxides and hydroxides, Fe-sulfides, and C-rich material, with a total organic content of >1 % locally in the fault-related rocks. The faults sampled in the field are composed of meters-thick zones of cohesive to non-cohesive, serpentinite-bearing foliated clay gouge and black fine-grained fault rock derived from sheared Franciscan Formation or serpentinized Coast Range Ophiolite. X-ray diffraction of outcrop samples shows that the foliated clay gouge is composed primarily of saponite and serpentinite, with localized</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010044683&hterms=Xxxii&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DXxxii','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010044683&hterms=Xxxii&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DXxxii"><span>Influence of a <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Lunar <span class="hlt">Core</span> on the Moons Orientation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Williams, J. G.; Boggs, D. H.; Ratcliff, J. T.; Yoder, C. F.; Dickey, J. O.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Oblateness of and dissipation at the lunar liquid-<span class="hlt">core</span>/solid-mantle boundary affects the precession of <span class="hlt">core</span> and mantle. Analysis of Lunar Laser ranges gives a weak detection of oblateness and a strong determination of dissipation. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAMTP..59...22K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAMTP..59...22K"><span>Steady Flow Generated by a <span class="hlt">Core</span> Oscillating in a Rotating Spherical Cavity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kozlov, V. G.; Subbotin, S. V.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Steady flow generated by oscillations of an inner solid <span class="hlt">core</span> in a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-filled rotating spherical cavity is experimentally studied. The <span class="hlt">core</span> with density less than the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> density is located near the center of the cavity and is acted upon by a centrifugal force. The gravity field directed perpendicular to the rotation axis leads to a stationary displacement of the <span class="hlt">core</span> from the rotation axis. As a result, in the frame of reference attached to the cavity, the <span class="hlt">core</span> performs circular oscillation with frequency equal to the rotation frequency, and its center moves along a circular trajectory in the equatorial plane around the center of the cavity. For the differential rotation of the <span class="hlt">core</span> to be absent, one of the poles of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is connected to the nearest pole of the cavity with a torsionally elastic, flexible fishing line. It is found that the oscillation of the <span class="hlt">core</span> generates axisymmetric azimuthal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in the cavity which has the form of nested liquid columns rotating with different angular velocities. Comparison with the case of a free oscillating <span class="hlt">core</span> which performs mean differential rotation suggests the existence of two mechanisms of flow generation (due to the differential rotation of the <span class="hlt">core</span> in the Ekman layer and due to the oscillation of the <span class="hlt">core</span> in the oscillating boundary layers).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=S89-44035&hterms=drawing&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Ddrawing','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=S89-44035&hterms=drawing&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Ddrawing"><span>Labeled drawing of Jupiter showing its <span class="hlt">core</span> and composition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Labeled drawing of Jupiter identifies <span class="hlt">fluid</span> molecular hydrogen, transition zone, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> metallic hydrogen, and possible <span class="hlt">core</span> and the composition of its atmosphere - cloud tops - aerosols, ammonia crystals, ammonium hydrosulfide clouds, ice crystal clouds, and water droplets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4668574','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4668574"><span>Laser-tuned whispering gallery modes in a solid-<span class="hlt">core</span> microstructured optical fibre integrated with magnetic <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lin, Wei; Zhang, Hao; Liu, Bo; Song, Binbin; Li, Yuetao; Yang, Chengkun; Liu, Yange</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>A laser-assisted tuning method of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in a cylindrical microresonator based on magnetic-<span class="hlt">fluids</span>-infiltrated microstructured optical fibres (MFIMOFs, where MF and MOF respectively refer to magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and microstructured optical fibre) is proposed, experimentally demonstrated and theoretically analysed in detail. The MFIMOF is prepared by infiltrating the air-hole array of the MOF using capillary action effect. A fibre-coupling system is set up for the proposed MFIMOF-based microresonator to acquire an extinction ratio up to 25 dB and a Q-factor as large as 4.0 × 104. For the MF-infiltrated MOF, the light propagating in the fibre <span class="hlt">core</span> region would rapidly spread out and would be absorbed by the MF-rod array cladding to induce significant thermal effect. This has been exploited to achieve a WGM resonance wavelength sensitivity of 0.034 nm/mW, which is ~20 times higher than it counterpart without MF infiltration. The wavelength response of the resonance dips exhibit linear power dependence, and owing to such desirable merits as ease of fabrication, high sensitivity and laser-assisted tunability, the proposed optical tuning approach of WGMs in the MFIMOF would find promising applications in the areas of optical filtering, sensing, and signal processing, as well as future all-optical networking systems. PMID:26632445</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27070765','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27070765"><span>Complex <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> and Hydraulic Fracturing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barbati, Alexander C; Desroches, Jean; Robisson, Agathe; McKinley, Gareth H</p> <p>2016-06-07</p> <p>Nearly 70 years old, hydraulic fracturing is a <span class="hlt">core</span> technique for stimulating hydrocarbon production in a majority of oil and gas reservoirs. Complex <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are implemented in nearly every step of the fracturing process, most significantly to generate and sustain fractures and transport and distribute proppant particles during and following <span class="hlt">fluid</span> injection. An extremely wide range of complex <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are used: naturally occurring polysaccharide and synthetic polymer solutions, aqueous physical and chemical gels, organic gels, micellar surfactant solutions, emulsions, and foams. These <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are loaded over a wide range of concentrations with particles of varying sizes and aspect ratios and are subjected to extreme mechanical and environmental conditions. We describe the settings of hydraulic fracturing (framed by geology), fracturing mechanics and physics, and the critical role that non-Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics and complex <span class="hlt">fluids</span> play in the hydraulic fracturing process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.G41B1025D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.G41B1025D"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> dynamics and the nutations of the Earth.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dehant, V. M. A.; Laguerre, R.; Rekier, J.; Rivoldini, A.; Trinh, A.; Triana, A. S.; Van Hoolst, T.; Zhu, P.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We here present an overview of the recent activities within the project RotaNut - Rotation and Nutation of a Wobbly Earth, an ERC Advanced Grant funding from the European Research Council. We have recomputed the Basic Earth Parameters from recent VLBI series and we interpret them in terms of physics of the Earth's deep interior. This includes updates of the nutational constraints on Earth's internal magnetic field and inner <span class="hlt">core</span> viscosity, as well as of the coupling constants at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB) and inner <span class="hlt">core</span> boundary ICB. We have explored on simplified Earth models the interactions between rotational and gravito-inertial modes. With the help of numerical simulations, we have also addressed the coupling between the global rotation and the inertial waves in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> through parametric instabilities. Special interests have been given to the influence of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> onto the stability properties of the liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> and the large scale formation in the turbulent flow through inverse cascade of energy. The role of precession and nutation forcing for the liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> is characterized as well as the interaction between the Free <span class="hlt">Core</span> Nutation (in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> community called the tilt-over mode) and the inertial waves. This research represents the first steps in the project RotaNut financed by the European Research Council under ERC Advanced Grant 670874 for 2015-2020.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15789730','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15789730"><span>Designing optical-fiber modulators by using magnetic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Horng, H E; Chieh, J J; Chao, Y H; Yang, S Y; Hong, Chin-Yih; Yang, H C</p> <p>2005-03-01</p> <p>To reduce interface loss between optical fibers and devices in telecommunication systems, the development of an optical-fiber-based device that can be fused directly with fibers is important. A novel optical modulator consisting of a bare fiber <span class="hlt">core</span> surrounded by magnetic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> instead of by a SiO2 cladding layer is proposed. Applying a magnetic field raises the refractive index of the magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Thus we can control the occurrence of total reflection at the interface between the fiber <span class="hlt">core</span> and the magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> when light propagates along the fiber. As a result, the intensity of the outgoing light is modulated by variation in field strength. Details of the design, fabrication, and working properties of such a modulator are presented.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.727...56D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Tectp.727...56D"><span>Metamorphic brines and no surficial <span class="hlt">fluids</span> trapped in the detachment footwall of a Metamorphic <span class="hlt">Core</span> Complex (Nevado-Filábride units, Betics, Spain)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dyja-Person, Vanessa; Tarantola, Alexandre; Richard, Antonin; Hibsch, Christian; Siebenaller, Luc; Boiron, Marie-Christine; Cathelineau, Michel; Boulvais, Philippe</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The ductile-brittle transition zone in extensional regimes can play the role of a hydrogeological barrier. Quartz veins developed within an orthogneiss body located in the detachment footwall of a Metamorphic <span class="hlt">Core</span> Complex (MCC) in the Nevado-Filábride units (Betics, Spain). The detachment footwall is composed mainly of gneisses, schists and metacarbonates from the Bédar-Macael sub-unit. Schist and metacarbonate bodies show evidence of ductile deformation at the time the gneiss was already undergoing brittle deformation and vein opening during exhumation. The vein system provides the opportunity to investigate the origin, composition and PVTX conditions of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> that circulated in the detachment footwall while the footwall units were crossing the ductile-brittle transition. The analysis of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions reveals the presence of a single type of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>: 30-40 mass% NaCl > KCl > CaCl2 > MgCl2 brines, with trace amounts of CO2 and N2 and tens to thousands of ppm of metals such as Fe, Sr, Li, Zn, Ba, Pb and Cu. δDfluid values between -39.8 and -16.7‰ and δ18Ofluid values between 4.4 and 11.7 ± 0.5‰ show that the brines have undergone protracted interaction with the host orthogneissic body. Coupled salinity and Cl/Br ratios (200 to 4400) indicate that the brines originate from dissolution of Triassic metaevaporites by metamorphic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> variably enriched in Br by interaction with graphitic schists. This study highlights the absence of any record of surficial <span class="hlt">fluids</span> within the veins, despite the brittle deformation conditions prevailing in this orthogneiss body. The fact that <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from the detachment footwall were isolated from surficial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> reservoirs may result from the presence of overlying schists and metacarbonates that continued to be affected by ductile deformation during vein formation in the gneiss, preventing downward circulation of surface-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhD...51l5101L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhD...51l5101L"><span>Tunable ultra-broadband polarization filter based on three-<span class="hlt">core</span> resonance of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-infiltrated and gold-coated photonic crystal fiber</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Yingchao; Chen, Hailiang; Ma, Mingjian; Zhang, Wenxun; Wang, Yujun; Li, Shuguang</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>We propose a tunable ultra-broadband polarization filter based on three-<span class="hlt">core</span> resonance of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-infiltrated and gold-coated high birefringent photonic crystal fiber (HB-PCF). Gold film was applied to the inner walls of two cladding air holes and surface plasmon polaritons were generated on its surface. The two gold-coated cladding air holes acted as two defective <span class="hlt">cores</span>. As the phase matching condition was satisfied, light transmitted in the fiber <span class="hlt">core</span> and coupled to the two defective <span class="hlt">cores</span>. The three-<span class="hlt">core</span> PCF supported three super modes in two orthogonal polarization directions. The coupling characteristics among these modes were investigated using the finite-element method. We found that the coupling wavelengths and strength between these guided modes can be tuned by altering the structural parameters of the designed HB-PCF, such as the size of the voids, thickness of the gold-films and liquid infilling pattern. Under the optimized structural parameters, a tunable broadband polarization filter was realized. For one liquid infilling pattern, we obtained a broadband polarization filter which filtered out the light in y-polarization direction at the wavelength of 1550 nm. For another liquid infilling pattern, we filtered out light in the x-polarization direction at the wavelength of 1310 nm. Our studies on the designed HB-PCF made contributions to the further devising of tunable broadband polarization filters, which are extensively used in telecommunication and sensor systems. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61505175 and 61475134) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant Nos. F2017203110 and F2017203193).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820013812','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820013812"><span>Investigation of geomagnetic field forecasting and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics of the <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Benton, E. R. (Principal Investigator)</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>The magnetic determination of the depth of the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary using MAGSAT data is discussed. Refinements to the approach of using the pole-strength of Earth to evaluate the radius of the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary are reported. The downward extrapolation through the electrically conducting mantle was reviewed. Estimates of an upper bound for the time required for Earth's liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> to overturn completely are presented. High order analytic approximations to the unsigned magnetic flux crossing the Earth's surface are also presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26507102','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26507102"><span>Characterisation of lubricin in synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from horses with osteoarthritis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Svala, E; Jin, C; Rüetschi, U; Ekman, S; Lindahl, A; Karlsson, N G; Skiöldebrand, E</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The glycoprotein lubricin contributes to the boundary lubrication of the articular cartilage surface. The early events of osteoarthritis involve the superficial layer where lubricin is synthesised. To characterise the glycosylation profile of lubricin in synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from horses with osteoarthritis and study secretion and degradation of lubricin in an in vitro inflammation cartilage model. In vitro study. Synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> samples collected from horses with joints with normal articular cartilage and structural osteoarthritic lesions; with and without osteochondral fragments, were analysed for the lubricin glycosylation profiles. Articular cartilage explants were stimulated with or without interleukin-1β for 25 days. Media samples collected at 3-day intervals were analysed by quantitative proteomics, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. O-glycosylation profiles in synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> revealed both <span class="hlt">Core</span> 1 and 2 O-glycans, with <span class="hlt">Core</span> 1 O-glycans predominating. Synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from normal joints (49.5 ± 1.9%) contained significantly lower amounts of monosialylated <span class="hlt">Core</span> 1 O-glycans compared with joints with osteoarthritis (53.8 ± 7.8%, P = 0.03) or joints with osteochondral fragments (57.3 ± 8.8%, P = 0.001). Additionally, synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from normal joints (26.7 ± 6.7%) showed higher amounts of disialylated <span class="hlt">Core</span> 1 O-glycan than from joints with osteochondral fragments (21.2 ± 4.9%, P = 0.03). A C-terminal proteolytic cleavage site in lubricin was found in synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from normal and osteochondral fragment joints and in media from interleukin-1β stimulated and unstimulated articular cartilage explants. This is the first demonstration of a change in the glycosylation profile of lubricin in synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from diseased equine joints compared with that from normal joints. We demonstrate an identical proteolytic cleavage site of lubricin both in vitro and in vivo. The reduced sialation of lubricin in synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from diseased joints may affect the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70189246','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70189246"><span>Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric <span class="hlt">fluid</span> infiltration, and <span class="hlt">core</span> complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Methner, Katharina; Mulch, Andreas; Teyssier, Christian; Wells, Michael L.; Cosca, Michael A.; Gottardi, Raphael; Gebelin, Aude; Chamberlain, C. Page</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Metamorphic <span class="hlt">core</span> complexes (MCCs) in the North American Cordillera reflect the effects of lithospheric extension and contribute to crustal adjustments both during and after a protracted subduction history along the Pacific plate margin. While the Miocene-to-recent history of most MCCs in the Great Basin, including the Raft River-Albion-Grouse Creek MCC, is well documented, early Cenozoic tectonic fabrics are commonly severely overprinted. We present stable isotope, geochronological (40Ar/39Ar), and microstructural data from the Raft River detachment shear zone. Hydrogen isotope ratios of syntectonic white mica (δ2Hms) from mylonitic quartzite within the shear zone are very low (−90‰ to −154‰, Vienna SMOW) and result from multiphase synkinematic interaction with surface-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology reveals Eocene (re)crystallization of white mica with δ2Hms ≥ −154‰ in quartzite mylonite of the western segment of the detachment system. These δ2Hms values are distinctively lower than in localities farther east (δ2Hms ≥ −125‰), where 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data indicate Miocene (18–15 Ma) extensional shearing and mylonitic fabric formation. These data indicate that very low δ2H surface-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span> penetrated the brittle-ductile transition as early as the mid-Eocene during a first phase of exhumation along a detachment rooted to the east. In the eastern part of the <span class="hlt">core</span> complex, prominent top-to-the-east ductile shearing, mid-Miocene 40Ar/39Ar ages, and higher δ2H values of recrystallized white mica, indicate Miocene structural and isotopic overprinting of Eocene fabrics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040087802&hterms=K2&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DK2','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040087802&hterms=K2&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DK2"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> size of Mars from detection of the solar tide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yoder, C. F.; Konopliv, A. S.; Yuan, D. N.; Standish, E. M.; Folkner, W. M.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The solar tidal deformation of Mars, measured by its k2 potential Love number, has been obtained from an analysis of Mars Global Surveyor radio tracking. The observed k2 of 0.153 +/- 0.017 is large enough to rule out a solid iron <span class="hlt">core</span> and so indicates that at least the outer part of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is liquid. The inferred <span class="hlt">core</span> radius is between 1520 and 1840 kilometers and is independent of many interior properties, although partial melt of the mantle is one factor that could reduce <span class="hlt">core</span> size. Ice-cap mass changes can be deduced from the seasonal variations in air pressure and the odd gravity harmonic J3, given knowledge of cap mass distribution with latitude. The south cap seasonal mass change is about 30 to 40% larger than that of the north cap.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Sci...300..299Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Sci...300..299Y"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> <span class="hlt">Core</span> Size of Mars from Detection of the Solar Tide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yoder, C. F.; Konopliv, A. S.; Yuan, D. N.; Standish, E. M.; Folkner, W. M.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>The solar tidal deformation of Mars, measured by its k2 potential Love number, has been obtained from an analysis of Mars Global Surveyor radio tracking. The observed k2 of 0.153 +/- 0.017 is large enough to rule out a solid iron <span class="hlt">core</span> and so indicates that at least the outer part of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is liquid. The inferred <span class="hlt">core</span> radius is between 1520 and 1840 kilometers and is independent of many interior properties, although partial melt of the mantle is one factor that could reduce <span class="hlt">core</span> size. Ice-cap mass changes can be deduced from the seasonal variations in air pressure and the odd gravity harmonic J3, given knowledge of cap mass distribution with latitude. The south cap seasonal mass change is about 30 to 40% larger than that of the north cap.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25866139','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25866139"><span>Warming of intravenous and irrigation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Campbell, Gillian; Alderson, Phil; Smith, Andrew F; Warttig, Sheryl</p> <p>2015-04-13</p> <p>Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (a drop in <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature to below 36°C) occurs because of interference with normal temperature regulation by anaesthetic drugs, exposure of skin for prolonged periods and receipt of large volumes of intravenous and irrigation <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. If the temperature of these <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is below <span class="hlt">core</span> body temperature, they can cause significant heat loss. Warming intravenous and irrigation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to <span class="hlt">core</span> body temperature or above might prevent some of this heat loss and subsequent hypothermia. To estimate the effectiveness of preoperative or intraoperative warming, or both, of intravenous and irrigation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in preventing perioperative hypothermia and its complications during surgery in adults. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2014, Issue 2), MEDLINE Ovid SP (1956 to 4 February 2014), EMBASE Ovid SP (1982 to 4 February 2014), the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science (1950 to 4 February 2014), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) EBSCOhost (1980 to 4 February 2014) and reference lists of identified articles. We also searched the Current Controlled Trials website and ClinicalTrials.gov. We included randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warming methods versus standard care or versus other warming methods used to maintain normothermia. Two review authors independently extracted data from eligible trials and settled disputes with a third review author. We contacted study authors to ask for additional details when needed. We collected data on adverse events only if they were reported in the trials. We included in this review 24 studies with a total of 1250 participants. The trials included various numbers and types of participants. Investigators used a range of methods to warm <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to temperatures between 37°C and 41°C. We found that evidence was of moderate quality because descriptions of trial design were</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208960','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208960"><span>Guiding principles of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and volume therapy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aditianingsih, Dita; George, Yohanes W H</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> therapy is a <span class="hlt">core</span> concept in the management of perioperative and critically ill patients for maintenance of intravascular volume and organ perfusion. Recent evidence regarding the vascular barrier and its role in terms of vascular leakage has led to a new concept for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> administration. The choice of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> used should be based on the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> composition and the underlying pathophysiology of the patient. Avoidance of both hypo- and hypervolaemia is essential when treating circulatory failure. In daily practice, the assessment of individual thresholds in order to optimize cardiac preload and avoid hypovolaemia or deleterious <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overload remains a challenge. Liberal versus restrictive <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management has been challenged by recent evidence, and the ideal approach appears to be goal-directed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> therapy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.T53C1600A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.T53C1600A"><span>K-Ar constraints on <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction and dissolution-precipitation events within the actively creeping shear zones from SAFOD <span class="hlt">cores</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ali, S.; Hemming, S. R.; Torgersen, T.; Fleisher, M. Q.; Cox, S. E.; Stute, M.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was drilled to study the physical and chemical processes responsible for faulting and earthquake generation along an active, plate-bounding fault at depth. SAFOD drill <span class="hlt">cores</span> show multiple zones of alteration and deformation due to <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction in the fault rocks(Schleicher et al. 2008). In context of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> studies in the SAFZ, noble gas and potassium measurements were performed on solid samples of sedimentary rocks obtained from drill <span class="hlt">cores</span> across the fault (3050-4000m-MD). We used a combination of 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar methods on crushed samples of mudrock with variable amounts of visible slickensides to constrain the degree of resetting of the K-Ar system across the San Andreas Fault zone. 40Ar/39Ar was analyzed from small fragments (sand sized grains) while K-Ar was measured in crushed bulk rock samples (100-250 mg for Ar, and 5-10 mg for K analyses). The apparent 40Ar/39Ar ages based on single step laser fusion of small fragments corresponding to the detrital component in the coarse fraction, show varying ages ranging from the provenance age to <13Ma. Although more data are needed to make detailed comparisons, the apparent K-Ar ages of bulk samples in the fault zone are biased toward authigenic materials contained in the fine fraction, similar to the 40Ar/39Ar ages reported for mineralogical separates from very fine size fractions of samples obtained from 3065.98m-MD and 3294.89m-MD (Schleicher et al., submitted to Geology). The small samples measured for 40Ar/39Ar show scatter in the apparent ages, generally bracketing the bulk ages. However they are picked from sieved portions of the samples, and it is likely that there may be a loss of the younger (finer) material. Detrital provenance ages appear to be 50-60Ma in the Pacific Plate, and 100Ma in the North American Plate. 40Ar/39Ar ages within the SAFZ, as defined by geophysical logs (3200-3400m MD), are dominated by apparent detrital ages of ˜100Ma</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22540454','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22540454"><span>Rocky <span class="hlt">core</span> solubility in Jupiter and giant exoplanets.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wilson, Hugh F; Militzer, Burkhard</p> <p>2012-03-16</p> <p>Gas giants are believed to form by the accretion of hydrogen-helium gas around an initial protocore of rock and ice. The question of whether the rocky parts of the <span class="hlt">core</span> dissolve into the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> H-He layers following formation has significant implications for planetary structure and evolution. Here we use ab initio calculations to study rock solubility in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> hydrogen, choosing MgO as a representative example of planetary rocky materials, and find MgO to be highly soluble in H for temperatures in excess of approximately 10,000 K, implying the potential for significant redistribution of rocky <span class="hlt">core</span> material in Jupiter and larger exoplanets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhFl...27h2102F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhFl...27h2102F"><span>Flow of two immiscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a periodically constricted tube: Transitions to stratified, segmented, churn, spray, or segregated flow</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fraggedakis, D.; Kouris, Ch.; Dimakopoulos, Y.; Tsamopoulos, J.</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>We study the flow of two immiscible, Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a periodically constricted tube driven by a constant pressure gradient. Our volume-of-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> algorithm is used to solve the governing equations. First, the code is validated by comparing its predictions to previously reported results for stratified and pulsing flow. Then, it is used to capture accurately all the significant topological changes that take place. Initially, the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have a <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular arrangement, which is found to either remain the same or change to a different arrangement depending on the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> properties, the pressure driving the flow, or the flow geometry. The flow-patterns that appear are the <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular, segmented, churn, spray, and segregated flow. The predicted scalings near pinching of the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span> concur with similarity predictions and earlier numerical results [I. Cohen et al., "Two <span class="hlt">fluid</span> drop snap-off problem: Experiments and theory," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1147-1150 (1999)]. Flow-pattern maps are constructed in terms of the Reynolds and Weber numbers. Our result provides deeper insights into the mechanism of the pattern transitions and is in agreement with previous studies on <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flow [Ch. Kouris and J. Tsamopoulos, "<span class="hlt">Core</span>-annular flow in a periodically constricted circular tube, I. Steady state, linear stability and energy analysis," J. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mech. 432, 31-68 (2001) and Ch. Kouris et al., "Comparison of spectral and finite element methods applied to the study of interfacial instabilities of the <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flow in an undulating tube," Int. J. Numer. Methods <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> 39(1), 41-73 (2002)], segmented flow [E. Lac and J. D. Sherwood, "Motion of a drop along the centreline of a capillary in a pressure-driven flow," J. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mech. 640, 27-54 (2009)], and churn flow [R. Y. Bai et al., "Lubricated pipelining—Stability of <span class="hlt">core</span> annular-flow. 5. Experiments and comparison with theory," J. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mech. 240, 97-132 (1992)].</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760057994&hterms=conflict+nature&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dconflict%2Bnature','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760057994&hterms=conflict+nature&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dconflict%2Bnature"><span>Some aspects of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation in Mercury</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Solomon, S. C.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>Some questions dealing with the nature and history of a large metallic <span class="hlt">core</span> within Mercury are considered. These include the existence of a <span class="hlt">core</span>, its size, whether it is <span class="hlt">fluid</span> or solid, the timescale for <span class="hlt">core</span> formation, the geological consequences of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation, and whether such consequences are consistent with the surface geology. Several indirect lines of evidence are discussed which suggest the presence of a large iron-rich <span class="hlt">core</span>. A <span class="hlt">core</span>-formation model is examined in which <span class="hlt">core</span> infall is accompanied by an increase of 17 km in planetary radius, an increase of 700 K in mean internal temperature, and substantial melting of the mantle. It is argued that if the <span class="hlt">core</span> differentiated from an originally homogeneous planet, that event must have predated the oldest geological units comprising most of the planetary surface. A convective dynamo model for the source of Mercury's magnetic field is shown to conflict with cosmochemical models that do not predict a substantial radiogenic heat source in the <span class="hlt">core</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019072','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70019072"><span>A sample-freezing drive shoe for a wire line piston <span class="hlt">core</span> sampler</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Murphy, F.; Herkelrath, W.N.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Loss of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and samples during retrieval of <span class="hlt">cores</span> of saturated, noncohesive sediments results in incorrect measures of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distributions and an inaccurate measure of the stratigraphic position of the sample. To reduce these errors, we developed a hollow drive shoe that freezes in place the lowest 3 inches (75 mm) of a 1.88-inch-diameter (48 mm), 5-foot-long (1.5 m) sediment sample taken using a commercial wire line piston <span class="hlt">core</span> sampler. The end of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is frozen by piping liquid carbon dioxide at ambient temperature through a steel tube from a bottle at the land surface to the drive shoe where it evaporates and expands, cooling the interior surface of the shoe to about -109??F (-78??C). Freezing a <span class="hlt">core</span> end takes about 10 minutes. The device was used to collect samples for a study of oil-water-air distributions, and for studies of water chemistry and microbial activity in unconsolidated sediments at the site of an oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota. Before freezing was employed, samples of sandy sediments from near the water table sometimes flowed out of the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel as the sampler was withdrawn. Freezing the bottom of the <span class="hlt">core</span> allowed for the retention of all material that entered the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel and lessened the redistribution of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> within the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The device is useful in the unsaturated and shallow saturated zones, but does not freeze <span class="hlt">cores</span> well at depths greater than about 20 feet (6 m) below water, possibly because the feed tube plugs with dry ice with increased exhaust back-pressure, or because sediment enters the annulus between the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel and the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel liner and blocks the exhaust.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhG...45e3003R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhG...45e3003R"><span>Turbulence in <span class="hlt">core</span>-collapse supernovae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Radice, David; Abdikamalov, Ernazar; Ott, Christian D.; Mösta, Philipp; Couch, Sean M.; Roberts, Luke F.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Multidimensional simulations show that non-radial, turbulent, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motion is a fundamental component of the <span class="hlt">core</span>-collapse supernova explosion mechanism. Neutrino-driven convection, the standing accretion shock instability, and relic-perturbations from advanced nuclear burning stages can all impact the outcome of <span class="hlt">core</span> collapse in a qualitative and quantitative way. Here, we review the current understanding of these phenomena and their role in the explosion of massive stars. We also discuss the role of protoneutron star convection and of magnetic fields in the context of the delayed neutrino mechanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869041','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869041"><span>Supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> reverse micelle separation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Fulton, John L.; Smith, Richard D.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A method of separating solute material from a polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in a first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase is provided. The method comprises combining a polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, a second <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and a surfactant. The solute material is dissolved in the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to define the first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase. The combined polar and second <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, surfactant, and solute material dissolved in the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is maintained under near critical or supercritical temperature and pressure conditions such that the density of the second <span class="hlt">fluid</span> exceeds the critical density thereof. In this way, a reverse micelle system defining a reverse micelle solvent is formed which comprises a continuous phase in the second <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and a plurality of reverse micelles dispersed in the continuous phase. The solute material is dissolved in the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and is in chemical equilibrium with the reverse micelles. The first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase and the continuous phase are immiscible. The reverse micelles each comprise a dynamic aggregate of surfactant molecules surrounding a <span class="hlt">core</span> of the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The reverse micelle solvent has a polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-to-surfactant molar ratio W, which can vary over a range having a maximum ratio W.sub.o that determines the maximum size of the reverse micelles. The maximum ratio W.sub.o of the reverse micelle solvent is then varied, and the solute material from the first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase is transported into the reverse micelles in the continuous phase at an extraction efficiency determined by the critical or supercritical conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5284002','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5284002"><span>Supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> reverse micelle separation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Fulton, J.L.; Smith, R.D.</p> <p>1993-11-30</p> <p>A method of separating solute material from a polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in a first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase is provided. The method comprises combining a polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, a second <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and a surfactant. The solute material is dissolved in the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to define the first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase. The combined polar and second <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, surfactant, and solute material dissolved in the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is maintained under near critical or supercritical temperature and pressure conditions such that the density of the second <span class="hlt">fluid</span> exceeds the critical density thereof. In this way, a reverse micelle system defining a reverse micelle solvent is formed which comprises a continuous phase in the second <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and a plurality of reverse micelles dispersed in the continuous phase. The solute material is dissolved in the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and is in chemical equilibrium with the reverse micelles. The first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase and the continuous phase are immiscible. The reverse micelles each comprise a dynamic aggregate of surfactant molecules surrounding a <span class="hlt">core</span> of the polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The reverse micelle solvent has a polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-to-surfactant molar ratio W, which can vary over a range having a maximum ratio W[sub o] that determines the maximum size of the reverse micelles. The maximum ratio W[sub o] of the reverse micelle solvent is then varied, and the solute material from the first polar <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase is transported into the reverse micelles in the continuous phase at an extraction efficiency determined by the critical or supercritical conditions. 27 figures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PhDT........47C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PhDT........47C"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Motion and the Toroidal Magnetic Field Near the Top of Earth's Liquid Outer <span class="hlt">Core</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Celaya, Michael Augustine</p> <p></p> <p>This work considers two unresolved problems central to the study of Earth's deep interior: (1) What is the surface flow of the complete three dimensional motion sustaining the geomagnetic field in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>? (2) How strong is the toroidal component of that field just beneath the mantle inside the <span class="hlt">core</span>?. A solution of these problems is necessary to achieve even a basic understanding of magnetic field generation, and <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle interactions. Progress in solving (1) is made by extending previous attempts to resolve the <span class="hlt">core</span> surface flow, and identifying obstacles which lead to distorted solutions. The extension relaxes the steady motions constraint. This permits more realistic solutions which should resemble more closely the real Earth flow. A difficulty with the assumption of steady flow is that if the real motion is unsteady, as it is likely to be, then steady models will suffer from aliasing. Aliased solutions can be highly corrupted. The effects of aliasing incurred through model underparametrization are explored. It is found that flow spectral energy must fall rapidly with increasing degree to escape aliasing's distortion. Damping does not appear to remedy the problem, but in fact obscures it by forcing the solution to converge upon a single, but possibly still aliased estimate. Inversions of a magnetic field model for unsteady motions, indicate steady flows are indeed aliased in time. By comparison, unsteady flows appear free of aliasing and show significant temporal variation, changing by about 30% of their magnitude over 20 years. However, it appears that noise in the high degree secular variation (SV) data used to determine the flow acts as a further impediment to solving (1). Damping is shown to be effective in removing noise, but only once aliasing is no longer a factor and noise is restricted to that part of the SV which makes only a small contribution to the solution. To solve (2) the radial component of Ohm's law is inverted for the toroidal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JSG....32.1334M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JSG....32.1334M"><span>Fault zone structure and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction of a high angle normal fault in Carrara marble (NW Tuscany, Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Molli, G.; Cortecci, G.; Vaselli, L.; Ottria, G.; Cortopassi, A.; Dinelli, E.; Mussi, M.; Barbieri, M.</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>We studied the geometry, intensity of deformation and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction of a high angle normal fault within Carrara marble in the Alpi Apuane NW Tuscany, Italy. The fault is comprised of a <span class="hlt">core</span> bounded by two major, non-parallel slip surfaces. The fault <span class="hlt">core</span>, marked by crush breccia and cataclasites, asymmetrically grades to the host protolith through a damage zone, which is well developed only in the footwall block. On the contrary, the transition from the fault <span class="hlt">core</span> to the hangingwall protolith is sharply defined by the upper main slip surface. Faulting was associated with <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction, as evidenced by kinematically related veins observable in the damage zone and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> channelling within the fault <span class="hlt">core</span>, where an orange-brownish cataclasite matrix can be observed. A chemical and isotopic study of veins and different structural elements of the fault zone (protolith, damage zone and fault <span class="hlt">core</span>), including a mathematical model, was performed to document type, role, and activity of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions during deformation. The results of our studies suggested that deformation pattern was mainly controlled by processes associated with a linking-damage zone at a fault tip, development of a fault <span class="hlt">core</span>, localization and channelling of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> within the fault zone. Syn-kinematic microstructural modification of calcite microfabric possibly played a role in confining <span class="hlt">fluid</span> percolation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUSM.P23A..01S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUSM.P23A..01S"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> Composition and the Magnetic Field of Mercury</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Spohn, T.; Breuer, D.</p> <p>2005-05-01</p> <p>The density of Mercury suggests a <span class="hlt">core</span> of approximately 1800 km radius and a mantle of approximately 600 km thickness. Convection in the mantle is often claimed to be capable of freezing the <span class="hlt">core</span> over the lifetime of the solar system if the <span class="hlt">core</span> is nearly pure iron. The thermal history calculations of Stevenson et al. (1983) and Schubert et al. (1988) suggest that about 5 weight-% sulphur are required to lower the <span class="hlt">core</span> liquidus sufficiently to prevent complete freezing of the <span class="hlt">core</span> and maintain a significant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> shell. Other candidates for a light alloying element require similarly large concentrations. The requirement of a significant concentration of volatile elements in the <span class="hlt">core</span> is likely to be at variance with cosmochemical arguments for a mostly refractory, volatile poor composition of the planet. We have re-addressed the question of the freezing of Mercury's <span class="hlt">core</span> using parameterized convection models based on the stagnant lid theory of planetary mantle convection. We have compared these results to earlier calculations (Conzelmann and Spohn, 1999) of Hermian mantle convection using a finite-amplitude convection code. We find consistently that the stagnant lid tends to thermally insulate the deep interior and we find mantle and <span class="hlt">core</span> temperatures significantly larger than those calculated by Stevenson et al. (1983) and Schubert et al. (1988). As a consequence we find <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> shells for reasonable mantle rheology parameters even for compositions with as little as 0.1 weight-% sulphur. Stevenson, D.J., T. Spohn, and G. Schubert. Icarus, 54, 466, 1983. Schubert, G. M.N. Ross, D.J. Stevenson, and T. Spohn, in Mercury, F. Vilas, C.R. Chapman and M.S. Matthews, eds., p.429, 1988. Conzelmann, V. and T. Spohn, Bull. Am. Astr. Soc., 31, 1102, 1999.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960047459','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960047459"><span>A Computational <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamic and Heat Transfer Model for Gaseous <span class="hlt">Core</span> and Gas Cooled Space Power and Propulsion Reactors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Anghaie, S.; Chen, G.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>A computational model based on the axisymmetric, thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations is developed to predict the convective, radiation and conductive heat transfer in high temperature space nuclear reactors. An implicit-explicit, finite volume, MacCormack method in conjunction with the Gauss-Seidel line iteration procedure is utilized to solve the thermal and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> governing equations. Simulation of coolant and propellant flows in these reactors involves the subsonic and supersonic flows of hydrogen, helium and uranium tetrafluoride under variable boundary conditions. An enthalpy-rebalancing scheme is developed and implemented to enhance and accelerate the rate of convergence when a wall heat flux boundary condition is used. The model also incorporated the Baldwin and Lomax two-layer algebraic turbulence scheme for the calculation of the turbulent kinetic energy and eddy diffusivity of energy. The Rosseland diffusion approximation is used to simulate the radiative energy transfer in the optically thick environment of gas <span class="hlt">core</span> reactors. The computational model is benchmarked with experimental data on flow separation angle and drag force acting on a suspended sphere in a cylindrical tube. The heat transfer is validated by comparing the computed results with the standard heat transfer correlations predictions. The model is used to simulate flow and heat transfer under a variety of design conditions. The effect of internal heat generation on the heat transfer in the gas <span class="hlt">core</span> reactors is examined for a variety of power densities, 100 W/cc, 500 W/cc and 1000 W/cc. The maximum temperature, corresponding with the heat generation rates, are 2150 K, 2750 K and 3550 K, respectively. This analysis shows that the maximum temperature is strongly dependent on the value of heat generation rate. It also indicates that a heat generation rate higher than 1000 W/cc is necessary to maintain the gas temperature at about 3500 K, which is typical design temperature required to achieve high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040171502&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040171502&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in the Outer <span class="hlt">Core</span> and its Geodynamic Consequences</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kuang, Weijia; Chao, Benjamin F.; Fang, Ming</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The Earth's <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is in vigorous convection through much of the Earth's history. In addition to generating and maintaining Earth s time-varying magnetic field (geodynamo), the <span class="hlt">core</span> convection also generates mass redistribution in the <span class="hlt">core</span> and a dynamical pressure field on the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB). All these shall result in various <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle interactions, and contribute to surface geodynamic observables. For example, electromagnetic <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle coupling arises from finite electrically conducting lower mantle; gravitational interaction occurs between the <span class="hlt">cores</span> and the heterogeneous mantle; mechanical coupling may also occur when the CMB topography is aspherical. Besides changing the mantle rotation via the coupling torques, the mass-redistribution in the <span class="hlt">core</span> shall produce a spatial-temporal gravity anomaly. Numerical modeling of the <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamical processes contributes in several geophysical disciplines. It helps explain the physical causes of surface geodynamic observables via space geodetic techniques and other means, e.g. Earth's rotation variation on decadal time scales, and secular time-variable gravity. Conversely, identification of the sources of the observables can provide additional insights on the dynamics of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span>, leading to better constraints on the physics in the numerical modeling. In the past few years, our <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamics modeling efforts, with respect to our MoSST model, have made significant progress in understanding individual geophysical consequences. However, integrated studies are desirable, not only because of more mature numerical <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamics models, but also because of inter-correlation among the geophysical phenomena, e.g. mass redistribution in the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> produces not only time-variable gravity, but also gravitational <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle coupling and thus the Earth's rotation variation. They are expected to further facilitate multidisciplinary studies of <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamics and interactions of the <span class="hlt">core</span> with other</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1901k0005I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1901k0005I"><span>Identification of sandstone <span class="hlt">core</span> damage using scanning electron microscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ismail, Abdul Razak; Jaafar, Mohd Zaidi; Sulaiman, Wan Rosli Wan; Ismail, Issham; Shiunn, Ng Yinn</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Particles and <span class="hlt">fluids</span> invasion into the pore spaces causes serious damage to the formation, resulting reduction in petroleum production. In order to prevent permeability damage for a well effectively, the damage mechanisms should be identified. In this study, water-based drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was compared to oil-based drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span> based on microscopic observation. The <span class="hlt">cores</span> were damaged by several drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the damage mechanism caused by the drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Results showed that the ester based drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> system caused the most serious damage followed by synthetic oil based system and KCI-polymer system. Fine solids and filtrate migration and emulsion blockage are believed to be the major mechanisms controlling the changes in flow properties for the sandstone samples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARK37001I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARK37001I"><span>Soft particles at <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interfaces: wetting, structure, and rheology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Isa, Lucio</p> <p></p> <p>Most of our current knowledge concerning the behavior of colloidal particles at <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interfaces is limited to model spherical, hard and uniform objects. Introducing additional complexity, in terms of shape, composition or surface chemistry or by introducing particle softness, opens up a vast range of possibilities to address new fundamental and applied questions in soft matter systems at <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interfaces. In this talk I will focus on the role of particle softness, taking the case of <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell microgels as a paradigmatic example. Microgels are highly swollen and cross-linked hydrogel particles that, in parallel with their practical applications, e.g. for emulsion stabilization and surface patterning, are increasingly used as model systems to capture fundamental properties of bulk materials. Most microgel particles develop a <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell morphology during synthesis, with a more cross-linked <span class="hlt">core</span> surrounded by a corona of loosely linked and dangling polymer chains. I will first discuss the difference between the wetting of a hard spherical colloid and a <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell microgel at an oil-water interface, pinpointing the interplay between adsorption at the interface and particle deformation. I will then move on to discuss the interplay between particle morphology and the microstructure and rheological properties of the interface. In particular, I will demonstrate that synchronizing the compression of a <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell microgel-laden <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interface with the deposition of the interfacial monolayer makes it possible to transfer the 2D phase diagram of the particles onto a solid substrate, where different positions correspond to different values of the surface pressure and the specific area. Using atomic force microscopy, we analyzed the microstructure of the monolayer and discovered a phase transition between two crystalline phases with the same hexagonal symmetry, but with two different lattice constants. The two phases correspond to shell-shell or <span class="hlt">core-core</span> inter</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1294593-fission-powered-core-thermoacoustic-sensor','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1294593-fission-powered-core-thermoacoustic-sensor"><span>Fission-powered in-<span class="hlt">core</span> thermoacoustic sensor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Garrett, Steven L.; Smith, James A.; Smith, Robert W. M.; ...</p> <p>2016-04-07</p> <p>A thermoacoustic engine is operated within the <span class="hlt">core</span> of a nuclear reactor to acoustically telemeter coolant temperature (frequency-encoded) and reactor power level (amplitude-encoded) outside the reactor, thus providing the values of these important parameters without external electrical power or wiring. We present data from two hydrophones in the coolant (far from the <span class="hlt">core</span>) and an accelerometer attached to a structure outside the reactor. Furthermore, these signals have been detected even in the presence of substantial background noise generated by the reactor's <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pumps.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22591546-fission-powered-core-thermoacoustic-sensor','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22591546-fission-powered-core-thermoacoustic-sensor"><span>Fission-powered in-<span class="hlt">core</span> thermoacoustic sensor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Garrett, Steven L.; Smith, James A.; Smith, Robert W. M.</p> <p>2016-04-04</p> <p>A thermoacoustic engine is operated within the <span class="hlt">core</span> of a nuclear reactor to acoustically telemeter coolant temperature (frequency-encoded) and reactor power level (amplitude-encoded) outside the reactor, thus providing the values of these important parameters without external electrical power or wiring. We present data from two hydrophones in the coolant (far from the <span class="hlt">core</span>) and an accelerometer attached to a structure outside the reactor. These signals have been detected even in the presence of substantial background noise generated by the reactor's <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pumps.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960016703','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960016703"><span>Surface Deformation Caused by Pressure Changes in the <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fang, Ming; Hager, Bradford H.; Herring, Thomas A.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>Pressure load Love numbers are presented for the mantle deformation induced by the variation of the pressure field at the <span class="hlt">core</span> mantle boundary (CNB). We find that the CMB geostrophic pressure fields, derived from 'frozen-flux' <span class="hlt">core</span> surface flow estimates at epochs 1965 and 1975, produce a relative radial velocity (RRV) field in the range of 3mm/decade with uplift near the equator and subsidence near the poles. The contribution of this mechanism to the change in the length of day (l.o.d) is small --- about 2.3 x 10(exp -2) ms/decade. The contribution to the time variation of the ellipticity coefficient is more important --- -1.3 x 10(exp -11)/yr.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160013543&hterms=Tidal+waves&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DTidal%2Bwaves','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160013543&hterms=Tidal+waves&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DTidal%2Bwaves"><span>Resonant Tidal Excitation of Internal Waves in the Earth's <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tyler, Robert H.; Kuang, Weijia</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>It has long been speculated that there is a stably stratified layer below the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary, and two recent studies have improved the constraints on the parameters describing this stratification. Here we consider the dynamical implications of this layer using a simplified model. We first show that the stratification in this surface layer has sensitive control over the rate at which tidal energy is transferred to the <span class="hlt">core</span>. We then show that when the stratification parameters from the recent studies are used in this model, a resonant configuration arrives whereby tidal forces perform elevated rates of work in exciting <span class="hlt">core</span> flow. Specifically, the internal wave speed derived from the two independent studies (150 and 155 m/s) are in remarkable agreement with the speed (152 m/s) required for excitation of the primary normal mode of oscillation as calculated from full solutions of the Laplace Tidal Equations applied to a reduced-gravity idealized model representing the stratified layer. In evaluating this agreement it is noteworthy that the idealized model assumed may be regarded as the most reduced representation of the stratified dynamics of the layer, in that there are no non-essential dynamical terms in the governing equations assumed. While it is certainly possible that a more realistic treatment may require additional dynamical terms or coupling, it is also clear that this reduced representation includes no freedom for coercing the correlation described. This suggests that one must accept either (1) that tidal forces resonantly excite <span class="hlt">core</span> flow and this is predicted by a simple model or (2) that either the independent estimates or the dynamical model does not accurately portray the <span class="hlt">core</span> surface layer and there has simply been an unlikely coincidence between three estimates of a stratification parameter which would otherwise have a broad plausible range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21126666','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21126666"><span>Prevention of hypothermia by infusion of warm <span class="hlt">fluid</span> during abdominal surgery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Hong-xia; You, Zhi-Jian; Zhang, Hong; Li, Zhiqing</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Perioperative hypothermia can lead to a number of complications for patients after surgery. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of warm <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in maintaining normal <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature during the intraoperative period. We studied 30 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II adult patients who required general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. In the control group (n = 15), <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were infused at room temperature; in the test group (n = 15), <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were infused at 37° C. In the control group, <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature decreased to 35.5 ± 0.3° C during the first 3 hours, and then stabilized at the end of anesthesia. In the test group, <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature decreased during the first 60 minutes, but increased to 36.9 ± 0.3° C at the end of anesthesia. In the control group, eight patients shivered at grade ≥2. In the test group, none of the patients reached grade ≥2 (P < .01). Infusion of warm <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is effective in keeping patients nearly normothermic and preventing postanesthetic shivering. It may provide an easy and effective method for prevention of perioperative hypothermia. Copyright © 2010 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890008242','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890008242"><span>Space station integrated propulsion and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems study. Space station program <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management systems databook</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bicknell, B.; Wilson, S.; Dennis, M.; Lydon, M.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Commonality and integration of propulsion and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems associated with the Space Station elements are being evaluated. The Space Station elements consist of the <span class="hlt">core</span> station, which includes habitation and laboratory modules, nodes, airlocks, and trusswork; and associated vehicles, platforms, experiments, and payloads. The program is being performed as two discrete tasks. Task 1 investigated the components of the Space Station architecture to determine the feasibility and practicality of commonality and integration among the various propulsion elements. This task was completed. Task 2 is examining integration and commonality among <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems which were identified by the Phase B Space Station contractors as being part of the initial operating capability (IOC) and growth Space Station architectures. Requirements and descriptions for reference <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems were compiled from Space Station documentation and other sources. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems being examined are: an experiment gas supply system, an oxygen/hydrogen supply system, an integrated water system, the integrated nitrogen system, and the integrated waste <span class="hlt">fluids</span> system. Definitions and descriptions of alternate systems were developed, along with analyses and discussions of their benefits and detriments. This databook includes <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems descriptions, requirements, schematic diagrams, component lists, and discussions of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems. In addition, cost comparison are used in some cases to determine the optimum system for a specific task.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PEPI..153..150B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PEPI..153..150B"><span>A laboratory model for solidification of Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bergman, Michael I.; Macleod-Silberstein, Marget; Haskel, Michael; Chandler, Benjamin; Akpan, Nsikan</p> <p>2005-11-01</p> <p>To better understand the influence of rotating convection in the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> on the solidification of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> we have constructed a laboratory model for solidification of Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>. The model consists of a 15 cm radius hemispherical acrylic tank concentric with a 5 cm radius hemispherical aluminum heat exchanger that serves as the incipient inner <span class="hlt">core</span> onto which we freeze ice from salt water. Long exposure photographs of neutrally buoyant particles in illuminated planes suggest reduction of flow parallel to the rotation axis. Thermistors in the tank near the heat exchanger show that in experiments with rotation the temperature near the pole is lower than near the equator, unlike for control experiments without rotation or with a polymer that increases the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> viscosity. The photographs and thermistors suggest that our observation that ice grows faster near the pole than near the equator for experiments with rotation is a result of colder water not readily convecting away from the pole. Because of the reversal of the thermal gradient, we expect faster equatorial solidification in the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>. Such anisotropy in solidification has been suggested as a cause of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> elastic (and attenuation) anisotropy, though the plausibility of this suggestion will depend on the <span class="hlt">core</span> Nusselt number and the slope of the liquidus, and the effects of post-solidification deformation. Previous experiments on hexagonal close-packed alloys such as sea ice and zinc-tin have shown that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in the melt can result in a solidification texture transverse to the solidification direction, with the texture depending on the nature of the flow. A comparison of the visualized flow and the texture of columnar ice crystals in thin sections from these experiments confirms flow-induced transverse textures. This suggests that the convective pattern at the base of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is recorded in the texture of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>, and that outer <span class="hlt">core</span> convection might contribute to the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445627','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445627"><span>Fast torsional waves and strong magnetic field within the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gillet, Nicolas; Jault, Dominique; Canet, Elisabeth; Fournier, Alexandre</p> <p>2010-05-06</p> <p>The magnetic field inside the Earth's <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and electrically conducting outer <span class="hlt">core</span> cannot be directly probed. The root-mean-squared (r.m.s.) intensity for the resolved part of the radial magnetic field at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary is 0.3 mT, but further assumptions are needed to infer the strength of the field inside the <span class="hlt">core</span>. Recent diagnostics obtained from numerical geodynamo models indicate that the magnitude of the dipole field at the surface of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamo is about ten times weaker than the r.m.s. field strength in its interior, which would yield an intensity of the order of several millitesla within the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>. However, a 60-year signal found in the variation in the length of day has long been associated with magneto-hydrodynamic torsional waves carried by a much weaker internal field. According to these studies, the r.m.s. strength of the field in the cylindrical radial direction (calculated for all length scales) is only 0.2 mT, a figure even smaller than the r.m.s. strength of the large-scale (spherical harmonic degree n <or= 13) field visible at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary. Here we reconcile numerical geodynamo models with studies of geostrophic motions in the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> that rely on geomagnetic data. From an ensemble inversion of <span class="hlt">core</span> flow models, we find a torsional wave recurring every six years, the angular momentum of which accounts well for both the phase and the amplitude of the six-year signal for change in length of day detected over the second half of the twentieth century. It takes about four years for the wave to propagate throughout the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, and this travel time translates into a slowness for Alfvén waves that corresponds to a r.m.s. field strength in the cylindrical radial direction of approximately 2 mT. Assuming isotropy, this yields a r.m.s. field strength of 4 mT inside the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017046','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017046"><span>Determination of subsurface <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contents at a crude-oil spill site</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hess, K.M.; Herkelrath, W.N.; Essaid, H.I.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Measurement of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-content distribution at sites contaminated by immiscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, including crude oil, is needed to better understand the movement of these <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the subsurface and to provide data to calibrate and verify numerical models and geophysical methods. A laboratory method was used to quantify the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contents of 146 <span class="hlt">core</span> sections retrieved from boreholes aligned along a 120-m longitudinal transect at a crude-oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota, U.S.A. The 47-mm-diameter, minimally disturbed <span class="hlt">cores</span> spanned a 4-m vertical interval contaminated by oil. <span class="hlt">Cores</span> were frozen on site in a dry ice-alcohol bath to prevent redistribution and loss of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> while sectioning the <span class="hlt">cores</span>. We gravimetrically determined oil and water contents using a two-step method: (1) samples were slurried and the oil was removed by absorption onto strips of hydrophobic porous polyethylene (PPE); and (2) the samples were oven-dried to remove the water. The resulting data show sharp vertical gradients in the water and oil contents and a clearly defined oil body. The subsurface distribution is complex and appears to be influenced by sediment heterogeneities and water-table fluctuations. The center of the oil body has depressed the water-saturated zone boundary, and the oil is migrating laterally within the capillary fringe. The oil contents are as high as 0.3 cm3 cm-3, which indicates that oil is probably still mobile 10 years after the spill occurred. The thickness of oil measured in wells suggests that accumulated thickness in wells is a poor indicator of the actual distribution of oil in the subsurface. Several possible sources of error are identified with the field and laboratory methods. An error analysis indicates that adsorption of water and sediment into the PPE adds as much as 4% to the measured oil masses and that uncertainties in the calculated sample volume and the assumed oil density introduce an additional ??3% error when the masses are converted to <span class="hlt">fluid</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.T51C0676K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.T51C0676K"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> Across the San Andreas Fault at SAFOD - Photographs, Physical Properties Data, and <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Handling Procedures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kirschner, D. L.; Carpenter, B.; Keenan, T.; Sandusky, E.; Sone, H.; Ellsworth, B.; Hickman, S.; Weiland, C.; Zoback, M.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p> drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was removed either by washing with dilute calcium chloride brine (to approximately match the salinity of the formation <span class="hlt">fluids</span>) or by gently scraping away drilling mud on the <span class="hlt">core</span> surface. Once cleaned, each <span class="hlt">core</span> section was photographed to very high resolution on a Geotek Multi- Sensor <span class="hlt">Core</span> Logging (MSCL) system. This system was also used to determine the bulk density and magnetic susceptibility of each section. The 25 MB high-resolution photographs and the raw and processed physical properties data were then uploaded to the ICDP web server in Potsdam for public access (http://safod.icdp- online.org). The <span class="hlt">cores</span> will be archived at the Gulf Coast Repository of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program in College Station, TX. The MSCL photographs, physical property measurements, and other related data, such as geophysical logs, will be integrated using <span class="hlt">Core</span>Wall, and will be on display at the meeting. All samples, data, and imagery are available to the science community.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175940','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175940"><span>Apparatus and method for controlling the temperature of the <span class="hlt">core</span> of a super-conducting transformer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Golner, Thomas; Pleva, Edward; Mehta, Shirish</p> <p>2006-10-10</p> <p>An apparatus for controlling the temperature of a <span class="hlt">core</span> of a transformer is provided that includes a <span class="hlt">core</span>, a shield surrounding the <span class="hlt">core</span>, a cast formed between the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the shield, and tubing positioned on the shield. The cast directs heat from the <span class="hlt">core</span> to the shield and cooling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is directed through the tubing to cool the shield.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236338-stimuli-responsive-rheoreversible-hydraulic-fracturing-fluids-enhanced-geothermal-energy-production-part-ii','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236338-stimuli-responsive-rheoreversible-hydraulic-fracturing-fluids-enhanced-geothermal-energy-production-part-ii"><span>Stimuli Responsive/Rheoreversible Hydraulic Fracturing <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> for Enhanced Geothermal Energy Production (Part II)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bonneville, Alain; Jung, Hun Bok; Shao, Hongbo</p> <p></p> <p>We have used an environmentally friendly and recyclable hydraulic fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> - diluted aqueous solutions of polyallylamine or PAA – for reservoir stimulation in Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). This <span class="hlt">fluid</span> undergoes a controlled and large volume expansion with a simultaneous increase in viscosity triggered by CO2 at EGS temperatures. We are presenting here the results of laboratory-scale hydraulic fracturing experiment using the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> on small cylindrical rock <span class="hlt">cores</span> (1.59 cm in diameter and 5.08 cm in length) from the Coso geothermal field in California. Rock samples consisted of Mesozoic diorite metamorphosed to greenschist facies. The experiments were conducted on 5more » samples for realistic ranges of pressures (up to 275 bar) and temperatures (up to 210 °C) for both the rock samples and the injected <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. After fracturing, <span class="hlt">cores</span> were subjected to a CO2 leakage test, injection of KI solution, and X-ray microtomography (XMT) scanning to examine the formation and distribution of fractures. The design and conduct of these experiments will be presented and discussed in details. Based on the obtained XMT images, Computational <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics (CFD) simulations were then performed to visualize hydraulic fractures and compute the bulk permeability. OpenFOAM (OpenCFD Ltd., Reading, UK), was used to solve the steady state simulation. The flow predictions, based upon the laminar, 3-D, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mass and momentum, show the remarkable stimulation of the permeability in the <span class="hlt">core</span> samples and demonstrate the efficiency of such a CO2 triggered <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in EGS.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T52A..03L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.T52A..03L"><span>How can <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressures be developed and maintained in crustal fault zones ?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>LECLÈRE, H.; Cappa, F.; Faulkner, D. R.; Armitage, P. J.; Blake, O. O.; Fabbri, O.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The presence of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressure in crustal fault zones is known to play a key role on the stability of faults and it has often been invoked to explain the triggering of earthquakes and the apparent weakness of misoriented faults. However, the mechanisms allowing the development and maintenance of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressures in fault remain unresolved. We investigate how <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressures can be developed and maintained in complex fault zones with hydraulic and elastic heterogeneities. Here we address this question combining geological observations, laboratory experiments and hydromechanical models of an active crustal fault zone in the Ubaye-Argentera area (southeastern France). The fault zone studied is located in the Argentera external crystalline massif and is connected to regional NW-SE steeply-dipping dextral strike-slip faults with an offset of several kilometers. The fault zone cuts through migmatitic gneisses composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and muscovite. It exposes several anastomosing <span class="hlt">core</span> zones surrounded by damage zones with a pluri-decametric total width. The <span class="hlt">core</span> zones are made up of centimetric to pluridecimetric phyllosilicate-rich gouge layers while the damage zones are composed of pluri-metric phyllonitic rock derived from mylonite. The determination of fault structure in the field and its hydraulic and mechanical properties in the lab are key aspects to improve our understanding of the role of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in fault mechanics and earthquake triggering. Here, the permeability and elastic moduli of the host rock, damage zone and fault <span class="hlt">core</span> were measured from natural plugs with a diameter of 20 mm and lengths between 26 to 51 mm, using a high-pressure hydrostatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-flow apparatus. Measurements were made with confining pressures ranging from 30 to 210 MPa and using argon pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure of 20 MPa. Data show a reduction of the permeability values of one order of magnitude between host rock and fault damage zone and a decrease of 50</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10164E..2FH','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10164E..2FH"><span>Sound transmission analysis of partially treated MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-based sandwich panels using finite element method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hemmatian, M.; Sedaghati, R.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>This study aims at developing a finite element model to predict the sound transmission loss (STL) of a multilayer panel partially treated with a Magnetorheological (MR) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> layer. MR <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are smart materials with promising controllable rheological characteristics in which the application of an external magnetic field instantly changes their rheological properties. Partial treatment of sandwich panels with MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> layer provides an opportunity to change stiffness and damping of the structure without significantly increasing the mass. The STL of a finite sandwich panel partially treated with MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is modeled using the finite element (FE) method. Circular sandwich panels with clamped boundary condition and elastic face sheets in which the <span class="hlt">core</span> layer is segmented circumferentially is considered. The MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> layer is considered as a viscoelastic material with complex shear modulus with the magnetic field and frequency dependent storage and loss moduli. Neglecting the effect of the panel's vibration on the pressure forcing function, the work done by the acoustic pressure is expressed as a function of the blocked pressure in order to calculate the force vector in the equation of the motion of the panel. The governing finite element equation of motion of the MR sandwich panel is then developed to predict the transverse vibration of the panel which can then be utilized to obtain the radiated sound using Green's function. The developed model is used to conduct a systematic parametric study on the effect of different locations of MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> treatment on the natural frequencies and the STL.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990115475&hterms=geodesy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dgeodesy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990115475&hterms=geodesy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dgeodesy"><span>Monitoring Global Geophysical <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> by Space Geodesy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chao, Benjamin F.; Dehant, V.; Gross, R. S.; Ray, R. D.; Salstein, D. A.; Watkins, M.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Since its establishment on 1/1/1998 by the International Earth Rotation Service, the Coordinating Center for Monitoring Global Geophysical <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> (MGGF) and its seven Special Bureaus have engaged in an effort to support and facilitate the understanding of the geophysical <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in global geodynamics research. Mass transports in the atmosphere-hydrosphere-solid Earth-<span class="hlt">core</span> system (the "global geophysical <span class="hlt">fluids</span>") will cause the following geodynamic effects on a broad time scale: (1) variations in the solid Earth's rotation (in length-of-day and polar motion/nutation) via the conservation of angular momentum and effected by torques at the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid Earth interface; (2) changes in the global gravitational field according to Newton's gravitational law; and (3) motion in the center of mass of the solid Earth relative to that of the whole Earth ("geocenter") via the conservation of linear momentum. These minute signals have become observable by space geodetic techniques, primarily VLBI, SLR, GPS, and DORIS, with ever increasing precision/accuracy and temporal/spatial resolution. Each of the seven Special Bureaus within MGGF is responsible for calculations related to a specific Earth component or aspect -- Atmosphere, Ocean, Hydrology, Ocean Tides, Mantle, <span class="hlt">Core</span>, and Gravity/Geocenter. Angular momenta and torques, gravitational coefficients, and geocenter shift will be computed for geophysical <span class="hlt">fluids</span> based on global observational data, and from state-of-the-art models, some of which assimilate such data. The computed quantities, algorithm and data formats are standardized. The results are archived and made available to the scientific research community. This paper reports the status of the MGGF activities and current results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR43C0489S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR43C0489S"><span>Chemical composition of Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saxena, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Many planetary scientists accept that the condensed planetesimals in the solar nebula eventually led to accretion of the earth. The details of the process have not been worked out. From the metallurgical experience, it is assumed that Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> may have formed by density differentiation with iron sinking to the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the slag forming the mantle. This would be a post-accretionary process with temperature developing with self-compression. The problem with this hypothesis was recognized some time ago in that the seismic density profile of the <span class="hlt">core</span> does not match the density of iron and requires the addition of a light element. Many elements such as Si, O, C and s have been proposed as diluents to decrease the density of a purely iron <span class="hlt">core</span>. How and when this will be accomplished is still under discussion. Since the planetesimals (or condensates) formed in a well stirred nebula, it may be argued that a variety of condensed solids and <span class="hlt">fluids</span> may have accreted and compressed without differentiation and the <span class="hlt">core</span> does not necessarily contain mainly the differentiated iron. It is a matter of accumulating the condensate composition that would result in a density of 12 to 13 g/cm3 in the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>. Therefore, we need a thermodynamic database that extends to 6000 K over the pressure range of ambient to 360 GPa. The development of such a database is currently in progress. It is a database with multicomponent solutions (C-Fe-Ni-S-Si) and all the major elements in the solar gas. Thermodynamic calculations using a preliminary dataset reveal that the solid species condensed at a temperature of 650 K and a pressure of 0.001 bar pressure, when self-compressed to various pressures and temperatures, yield densities that are appropriate for the mantle and <span class="hlt">core</span>. Depending on H2/O of the escaping <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, the formation of hydrous minerals, carbides, carbonates and iron melts with significant other elements have been found. Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> may have formed from solar condensate materials</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1913b0022H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1913b0022H"><span>A counter-rotating vortex pair in inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Habibah, Ummu; Fukumoto, Yasuhide</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We study the motion of a counter-rotating vortex pair with the circulations ±Γ move in incompressible <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The assumption is made that the <span class="hlt">core</span> is very thin, that is the <span class="hlt">core</span> radius σ is much smaller than the vortex radius d such that ɛ = σ/d ≪ 1. With this condition, the method of matched asymptotic expansion is employed. The solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations and the Biot-Savart law, regarding the inner and outer solutions respectively, are constructed in the form of a small parameter. An asymptotic expansion of the Biot-Savart law near the vortex <span class="hlt">core</span> provides with the matching condition for an asymptotic expansion for limiting the Navier-Stokes equations for large radius r. The general formula of an anti-parallel vortex pair is established. At leading order O(ɛ0), we apply the special case in inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, the Rankine vortex, a circular vortex of uniform vorticity. Furthermore at leading order O(ɛ5) we show the traveling speed of a vortex pair.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1816084V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1816084V"><span>Stress dependence of permeability of intact and fractured shale <span class="hlt">cores</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>van Noort, Reinier; Yarushina, Viktoriya</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Whether a shale acts as a caprock, source rock, or reservoir, understanding <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow through shale is of major importance for understanding <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in geological systems. Because of the low permeability of shale, flow is thought to be largely confined to fractures and similar features. In fracking operations, fractures are induced specifically to allow for hydrocarbon exploration. We have constructed an experimental setup to measure <span class="hlt">core</span> permeabilities, using constant flow or a transient pulse. In this setup, we have measured the permeability of intact and fractured shale <span class="hlt">core</span> samples, using either water or supercritical CO2 as the transporting <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Our measurements show decreasing permeability with increasing confining pressure, mainly due to time-dependent creep. Furthermore, our measurements show that for a simple splitting fracture, time-dependent creep will also eliminate any significant effect of this fracture on permeability. This effect of confinement on fracture permeability can have important implications regarding the effects of fracturing on shale permeability, and hence for operations depending on that.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050207458','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050207458"><span>Heat Pipe Reactor Dynamic Response Tests: SAFE-100 Reactor <span class="hlt">Core</span> Prototype</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>The SAFE-I00a test article at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center was used to simulate a variety of potential reactor transients; the SAFEl00a is a resistively heated, stainless-steel heat-pipe (HP)-reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> segment, coupled to a gas-flow heat exchanger (HX). For these transients the <span class="hlt">core</span> power was controlled by a point kinetics model with reactivity feedback based on <span class="hlt">core</span> average temperature; the neutron generation time and the temperature feedback coefficient are provided as model inputs. This type of non-nuclear test is expected to provide reasonable approximation of reactor transient behavior because reactivity feedback is very simple in a compact fast reactor (simple, negative, and relatively monotonic temperature feedback, caused mostly by thermal expansion) and calculations show there are no significant reactivity effects associated with <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in the HP (the worth of the entire inventory of Na in the <span class="hlt">core</span> is .<el, so <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement and temperature changes will cause very minor effects). In previous SAFE-100 tests, the point kinetics model was based on <span class="hlt">core</span> thermal expansion via deflection measurements. It was found that <span class="hlt">core</span> deflection was a strung function of how the SAFE-100 modules were fabricated and assembled (in terms of straightness, gaps, and other tolerances). To remove the added variable of how this particular <span class="hlt">core</span> expands as compared to a different concept, it was decided to use a temperature based feedback model (based on several thermocouples placed throughout the <span class="hlt">core</span>).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA105808','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA105808"><span>Comparison of Viscous and Pressure Energy Exchange in <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Flow Induction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1981-06-01</p> <p>phases of the same <span class="hlt">fluid</span>). 14 VSt PRIMARY JET NOZZLE HIGH VELOCITY <span class="hlt">CORE</span> SUCT SECONFFARY <span class="hlt">FLUID</span> FIGURE 1: A SIMPLE JET PUMP A.- ~is * II. BACKGROUND A...ratio. As the helix gets tighter, as from the twenty to thirty-five degree nozzles, the angular speed of the nozzle increases and the number of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1615847A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1615847A"><span>Drilling the Thuringian Syncline, Germany: <span class="hlt">core</span> processing during the INFLUINS scientific deep drilling campaign</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abratis, Michael; Methe, Pascal; Aehnelt, Michaela; Kunkel, Cindy; Beyer, Daniel; Kukowski, Nina; Totsche, Kai Uwe</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Deep drilling of the central Thuringian Syncline was carried out in order to gather substantial knowledge of subsurface <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> rock interaction within a sedimentary basin. The final depth of the borehole was successfully reached at 1179 m, just a few meters above the Buntsandstein - Zechstein boundary. One of the aspects of the scientific drilling was obtaining sample material from different stratigraphic units for insights in genesis, rock properties and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions. Parts of the section were <span class="hlt">cored</span> whereas cuttings provide record of the remaining units. <span class="hlt">Coring</span> was conducted in aquifers and their surrounding aquitards, i.e. parts of the Upper Muschelkalk (Trochitenkalk), the Middle Muschelkalk, the Upper Buntsandstein (Pelitrot and Salinarrot) and the Middle Buntsandstein. In advance and in cooperation with the GFZ Potsdam team "Scientific Drilling" <span class="hlt">core</span> handling was discussed and a workflow was developed to ensure efficient and appropriate processing of the valuable <span class="hlt">core</span> material and related data. <span class="hlt">Core</span> curation including cleaning, fitting, marking, measuring, cutting, boxing, photographing and unrolled scanning using a DMT <span class="hlt">core</span> scanner was carried out on the drilling site in Erfurt. Due care was exercised on samples for microbiological analyses. These delicate samples were immediately cut when leaving the <span class="hlt">core</span> tube and stored within a cooling box at -78°C. Special software for data input was used developed by smartcube GmbH. Advantages of this drilling information system (DIS) are the compatibility with formats of international drilling projects from the IODP and ICDP drilling programs and thus options for exchanges with the international data bases. In a following step, the drill <span class="hlt">cores</span> were brought to the national <span class="hlt">core</span> repository of the BGR in Berlin Spandau where the <span class="hlt">cores</span> were logged for their physical rock properties using a GeoTek multi sensor <span class="hlt">core</span> logger (MSCL). After splitting the <span class="hlt">cores</span> into a working and archive half, the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4137R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4137R"><span>Key characteristics of the Fe-snow regime in Ganymede's <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rückriemen, Tina; Breuer, Doris; Spohn, Tilman</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Ganymede shows signs of an internally produced dipolar magnetic field (|Bdip|≡719 nT) [1]. For small planetary bodies such as Ganymede the Fe-snow regime, i.e. the top-down solidification of iron, has been suggested to play an important role in the <span class="hlt">core</span> cooling history [2,3]. In that regime, iron crystals form first at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB) due to shallow or negative slopes of the melting temperature [2,3]. The solid iron particles are heavier than the surrounding Fe-FeS <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, i.e. a snow zone forms, settle to deeper <span class="hlt">core</span> regions, where the <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature is higher than the melting temperature, and remelt again. As a consequence, a stable chemical gradient in the Fe-FeS <span class="hlt">fluid</span> arises within the snow zone. We speculate this style of convection via sedimentation to be small scale, therefore it lacks an important criterion necessary for dynamo action [4]. Below this zone, whose thickness increases with time, the process of remelting of iron creates a gravitationally unstable situation. We propose that this could be the driving mechanism for a potential dynamo. However, dynamo action would be restricted to the time period the snow zone needs to grow across the <span class="hlt">core</span>. With a 1D thermo-chemical evolution model, we investigate key characteristics of the Fe-snow regime within Ganymede's <span class="hlt">core</span>: the compositional density gradient of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> Fe-FeS within the snow zone and the time period necessary to grow the snow zone across the <span class="hlt">core</span>. Additionally, we determine the dipolar magnetic field strength associated with a dynamo in Ganymede's deeper <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span>. We vary important input paramters such as the initial sulfur concentration (7-19 wt.%), the <span class="hlt">core</span> heat flux (2-6 mW/m2) and the thermal conductivity (20-60 W/mK) with the nominal model being: xs=10 wt.%, qcmb=4 mW/m2, kc=32 W/mK. We find, that heat fluxes higher than 6 or 22 mW/m2 are required for double-diffusive or overturning convection to overcome the compositional density gradient within the snow zone</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMOS23B2010L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMOS23B2010L"><span>3D Chirp Sonar Images on <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Migration Pathways and Their Implications on Seafloor Stability East of the Fangliao Submarine Canyon Offshore SW Taiwan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lu, Y. W.; Liu, C. S.; Su, C. C.; Hsu, H. H.; Chen, Y. H.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>This study utilizes both chirp sonar images and <span class="hlt">coring</span> results to investigate the unstable seafloor strata east of the Fangliao Submarine Canyon offshore southwestern Taiwan. We have constructed 3D chirp sonar images from a densely surveyed block to trace the attitude of an acoustic transparent layer and features caused by <span class="hlt">fluid</span> activities. Based on the distribution of this transparent layer and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-related features, we suggest that this transparent layer forms a pathway for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration which induces <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-related characters such as acoustic blanking and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> chimneys in the 3D chirp sonar images. <span class="hlt">Cored</span> seafloor samples are used in this study to investigate the sediment compositions. The 210Pb activity profiles of the <span class="hlt">cores</span> show oscillating and unsteady values at about 20~25 cm from <span class="hlt">core</span> top. The bulk densities of the <span class="hlt">core</span> samples in the same section (about 20~25 cm from <span class="hlt">core</span> top) give values lower than those at deeper parts of the <span class="hlt">cores</span>. These results indicate that the water content is much higher in the shallow sediments than in the deeper strata. From <span class="hlt">core</span> sample analyses, we deduce that the local sediments are disturbed by liquefaction. From the analyses of 3D chirp sonar images and <span class="hlt">core</span> data, we suggest that the seafloor east of the Fangliao Submarine Canyon is in an unstable condition, if disturbed by earthquakes, submarine landslides and gravity flows could be easily triggered and cause some geohazards, like breaking submarine cables during the 2006 Pingtung earthquake event.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990099279&hterms=Uti&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DUti','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990099279&hterms=Uti&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DUti"><span>Prospect of Continuous VLBI Measurement of Earth Rotation in Monitoring Geophysical <span class="hlt">Fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chao, Benjamin F.; Ma, Chopo; Clark, Thomas</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Large-scale mass transports in the geophysical <span class="hlt">fluids</span> of the Earth system excite Earth's rotational variations in both length-of-day and polar motion. The excitation process is via the conservation of angular momentum. Therefore Earth rotation observations contain information about the integrated angular momentum (consisting of both the mass term and the motion term) of the geophysical <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, which include atmosphere, hydrosphere, mantle, and the outer and inner <span class="hlt">cores</span>. Such global information is often important and otherwise unattainable depending on the nature of the mass transport, its magnitude and time scale. The last few years have seen great advances in VLBI measurement of Earth rotation in precision and temporal resolution. These advances have opened new. areas in geophysical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> studies, such as oceanic tidal angular momentum, atmospheric tides, Earth librations, and rapid atmospheric angular momentum fluctuations. Precision of 10 microseconds in UTI and 200 microarcseconds in polar motion can now be achieved on hourly basis. Building upon this heritage, the multi-network geodetic VLBI project, Continuous Observation of the Rotation of the Earth (<span class="hlt">CORE</span>), promises to further these studies and to make possible studies on elusive but tell-tale geophysical processes such as oscillatory modes in the <span class="hlt">core</span> and in the atmosphere. Currently the early phase of <span class="hlt">CORE</span> is underway. Within a few years into the new mellinnium, the upcoming space gravity missions (such as GRACE) will measure the temporal variations in Earth's gravitational field, thus providing complementary information to that from Earth rotation study for a better understanding of global geophysical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015445','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015445"><span>The campi flegrei (Italy) geothermal system: A <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion study of the mofete and San Vito fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>de, Vivo B.; Belkin, H.E.; Barbieri, M.; Chelini, W.; Lattanzi, P.; Lima, A.; Tolomeo, L.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion study of <span class="hlt">core</span> from the Mofete 1, Mofete 2, Mofete 5, San Vito 1, and San Vito 3 geothermal wells (Campi Flegrei, Campania, Italy) indicates that the hydrothermal minerals were precipitated from aqueous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (??CO2) that were moderately saline (3-4 wt.% NaCl equiv.) to hypersaline (> 26 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and at least in part, boiling. Three types of primary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions were found in authigenic K-feldspar, quartz, calcite, and epidote: (A) two-phase [liquid (L) + vapor (V)], liquid-rich inclusions with a range of salinity; (B) two-phase (L + V), vaporrich inclusions with low salinity; and (C) three-phase [L + V + crystals (NaCL)], liquid-rich inclusions with hypersalinity. Results of microthermometric and crushing studies are reported for twenty drill <span class="hlt">core</span> samples taken from the lower portions of the five vertical wells. Data presented for selected <span class="hlt">core</span> samples reveal a general decrease in porosity and increase in bulk density with increasing depth and temperature. Hydrothermal minerals commonly fill fractures and pore-spaces and define a zonation pattern, similar in all five wells studied, in response to increasing depth (pressure) and temperature. A greenschist facies assemblage, defined by albite + actinolite, gives way to an amphibolite facies, defined by plagioclase (andesine) + hornblende, in the San Vito 1 well at about 380??C. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion salinity values mimic the saline and hypersaline <span class="hlt">fluids</span> found by drilling. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion V/L homogenization temperatures increase with depth and generally correspond to the extrapolated down-hole temperatures. However, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion data for Mofete 5 and mineral assemblage data for San Vito 3, indicate fossil, higher-temperature regimes. A limited 87Sr/86Sr study of leachate (carbonate) and the leached <span class="hlt">cores</span> shows that for most samples (except San Vito 3) the carbonate deposition has been from slightly 87Sr-enriched <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and that Sr isotopic exchange has been incomplete. However, San</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/270485','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/270485"><span>A novel enzyme-based acidizing system: Matrix acidizing and drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> damage removal</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Harris, R.E.; McKay, D.M.; Moses, V.</p> <p>1995-12-31</p> <p>A novel acidizing process is used to increase the permeability of carbonate rock <span class="hlt">cores</span> in the laboratory and to remove drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> damage from <span class="hlt">cores</span> and wafers. Field results show the benefits of the technology as applied both to injector and producer wells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21906723','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21906723"><span>Pre-shift <span class="hlt">fluid</span> intake: effect on physiology, work and drinking during emergency wildfire fighting.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Raines, Jenni; Snow, Rodney; Petersen, Aaron; Harvey, Jack; Nichols, David; Aisbett, Brad</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>Wildfire fighters are known to report to work in a hypohydrated state, which may compromise their work performance and health. To evaluate whether ingesting a bolus of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> before the shift had any effect on firefighters' <span class="hlt">fluid</span> consumption, <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature, or the time they spent in high heart rate and work activity zones when fighting emergency wildfires. Thirty-two firefighters were divided into non-bolus (AD) and pre-shift drinking bolus (PS, 500 ml water) groups. Firefighters began work hypohydrated as indicated by urine colour, specific gravity and plasma osmolality (P(osm)) results. Post-shift, firefighters were classified as euhydrated according to P(osm) and hypohydrated by urinary markers. No significant differences existed between the drinking groups in pre- or post-shift hydration status, total <span class="hlt">fluid</span> intake, activity, heart rate or <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature. Consuming a bolus of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, pre-shift provided no benefit over non-consumption as both groups had consumed equivalent ad libitum volumes of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, 2.5 h into the shift. No benefits of bolus consumption were observed in firefighter activity, heart rate response or <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature response across the shift in the mild weather conditions experienced. Ad libitum drinking was adequate to facilitate rehydration in firefighters upon completion of their emergency firefighting work shift. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25666503','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25666503"><span>Mathematical modelling of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport and its regulation at multiple scales.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chara, Osvaldo; Brusch, Lutz</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Living matter equals water, to a first approximation, and water transport across barriers such as membranes and epithelia is vital. Water serves two competing functions. On the one hand, it is the fundamental solvent enabling random mobility of solutes and therefore biochemical reactions and intracellular signal propagation. Homeostasis of the intracellular water volume is required such that messenger concentration encodes the stimulus and not inverse volume fluctuations. On the other hand, water flow is needed for transport of solutes to and away from cells in a directed manner, threatening volume homeostasis and signal transduction fidelity of cells. Feedback regulation of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport reconciles these competing objectives. The regulatory mechanisms often span across multiple spatial scales from cellular interactions up to the architecture of organs. Open questions relate to the dependency of water fluxes and steady state volumes on control parameters and stimuli. We here review selected mathematical models of feedback regulation of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport at the cell scale and identify a general "<span class="hlt">core</span>-shell" structure of such models. We propose that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport models at other spatial scales can be constructed in a generalised <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell framework, in which the <span class="hlt">core</span> accounts for the biophysical effects of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport whilst the shell reflects the regulatory mechanisms. We demonstrate the applicability of this framework for tissue lumen growth and suggest future experiments in zebrafish to test lumen size regulation mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513800L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513800L"><span>Development of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressures in crustal faults and implications for earthquakes mechanics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Leclère, Henri; Cappa, Frédéric; Faulkner, Daniel; Armitage, Peter; Blake, Oshaine; Fabbri, Olivier</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The development and maintenance of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressures strongly influence the mechanical behavior of the crust and especially crustal fault zones. The mechanisms allowing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure build-up are still open questions, and their influence on tectonic and fault weakening processes remain unclear. The determination of the hydraulic and mechanical properties of crustal fault zone elements is a key aspect to improve our understanding of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-tectonic interactions and more particularly the role of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in fault mechanics and earthquake triggering. Here we address this question combining geological observations, laboratory experiments and hydromechanical models of an active crustal fault-zone in the Ubaye-Argentera area (southeastern France). Previous studies showed that the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> located in the fault zone developed overpressures between 7 and 26 MPa, that triggered intense seismic swarms (i.e. 16,000 events in 2003-2004) (Jenatton et al., 2007; Daniel et al., 2011; Leclère et al., 2012). The fault-zone studied here is located in the Argentera external crystalline massif and is connected to regional NW-SE steeply-dipping dextral strike-slip faults with an offset of several kilometers. The fault zone cuts through migmatitic gneisses composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and minor muscovite. It exposes several anastomosed <span class="hlt">core</span> zones surrounded by damage zones with a pluri-decametric total width. The <span class="hlt">core</span> zones are made up of centimetric to pluridecimetric phyllosilicate-rich gouge layers while the damage zones are composed of pluri-metric phyllonitic rock derived from mylonite. The permeability and elastic moduli of the host rock, damage zone and fault <span class="hlt">core</span> were measured from plugs with a diameter of 20 mm and lengths between 26 to 51 mm, using a high-pressure hydrostatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-flow apparatus. Measurements were made with confining pressures ranging from 30 to 210 MPa and using argon pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure of 20 MPa. Data show a variation of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..DFDR26008T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..DFDR26008T"><span>Flow of two immiscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a periodically constricted tube: Transitions to stratified, segmented, churn, spray or segregated flow</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tsamopoulos, John; Fraggedakis, Dimitris; Dimakopoulos, Yiannis</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>We study the flow of two immiscible, Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a periodically constricted tube driven by a constant pressure gradient. Our Volume-of-<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> algorithm is used to solve the governing equations. First the code is validated by comparing its predictions to previously reported results for stratified and pulsing flow. Then it is used to capture accurately all the significant topological changes that take place. Initially, the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have a <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular arrangement, which is found to either remain the same or change to a different arrangement depending on the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> properties, the pressure driving the flow or the flow geometry. The flow-patterns that appear are the <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular, segmented, churn, spray and segregated flow. The predicted scalings near pinching of the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span> concur with similarity predictions and earlier numerical results (Cohen et al. (1999)). Flow-pattern maps are constructed in terms of the Reynolds and Weber numbers. Our results provide deeper insights in the mechanism of the pattern transitions and are in agreement with previous studies on <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flow (Kouris & Tsamopoulos (2001 & 2002)), segmented flow (Lac & Sherwood (2009)) and churn flow (Bai et al. (1992)). GSRT of Greece through the program ``Excellence'' (Grant No. 1918, entitled ``FilCoMicrA'').</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500742','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500742"><span>Fast imaging of laboratory <span class="hlt">core</span> floods using 3D compressed sensing RARE MRI.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ramskill, N P; Bush, I; Sederman, A J; Mantle, M D; Benning, M; Anger, B C; Appel, M; Gladden, L F</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distributions within the rock is essential to enable the unambiguous interpretation of <span class="hlt">core</span> flooding data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used to image <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturation in rock <span class="hlt">cores</span>; however, conventional acquisition strategies are typically too slow to capture the dynamic nature of the displacement processes that are of interest. Using Compressed Sensing (CS), it is possible to reconstruct a near-perfect image from significantly fewer measurements than was previously thought necessary, and this can result in a significant reduction in the image acquisition times. In the present study, a method using the Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enhancement (RARE) pulse sequence with CS to provide 3D images of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturation in rock <span class="hlt">core</span> samples during laboratory <span class="hlt">core</span> floods is demonstrated. An objective method using image quality metrics for the determination of the most suitable regularisation functional to be used in the CS reconstructions is reported. It is shown that for the present application, Total Variation outperforms the Haar and Daubechies3 wavelet families in terms of the agreement of their respective CS reconstructions with a fully-sampled reference image. Using the CS-RARE approach, 3D images of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturation in the rock <span class="hlt">core</span> have been acquired in 16min. The CS-RARE technique has been applied to image the residual water saturation in the rock during a water-water displacement <span class="hlt">core</span> flood. With a flow rate corresponding to an interstitial velocity of vi=1.89±0.03ftday(-1), 0.1 pore volumes were injected over the course of each image acquisition, a four-fold reduction when compared to a fully-sampled RARE acquisition. Finally, the 3D CS-RARE technique has been used to image the drainage of dodecane into the water-saturated rock in which the dynamics of the coalescence of discrete clusters of the non-wetting phase are clearly observed. The enhancement in the temporal resolution that has</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035576','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035576"><span>Polar organic compounds in pore waters of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Eyreville <span class="hlt">core</span> hole: Character of the dissolved organic carbon and comparison with drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rostad, C.E.; Sanford, W.E.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Pore waters from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure <span class="hlt">cores</span> recovered at Eyreville Farm, Northampton County, Virginia, were analyzed to characterize the dissolved organic carbon. After squeezing or centrifuging, a small volume of pore water, 100 ??L, was taken for analysis by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Porewater samples were analyzed directly without filtration or fractionation, in positive and negative mode, for polar organic compounds. Spectra in both modes were dominated by low-molecular-weight ions. Negative mode had clusters of ions differing by -60 daltons, possibly due to increasing concentrations of inorganic salts. The numberaverage molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight values for the pore waters from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure are higher than those reported for other aquatic sources of natural dissolved organic carbon as determined by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. In order to address the question of whether drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> may have contaminated the pore waters during sample collection, spectra from the pore waters were compared to spectra from drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Ions indicative of drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were not found in spectra from the pore waters, indicating there was no detectable contamination, and highlighting the usefulness of this analytical technique for detecting potential contamination during sample collection. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1352053','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1352053"><span>Hollow fiber apparatus and use thereof for <span class="hlt">fluids</span> separations and heat and mass transfers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bikson, Benjamin; Etter, Stephen; Ching, Nathaniel</p> <p></p> <p>A hollow fiber <span class="hlt">fluid</span> separation device includes a hollow fiber cartridge, comprising a plurality of hollow fiber membranes arranged around a central tubular <span class="hlt">core</span>, a first tubesheet and a second tubesheet encapsulating respective distal ends of the hollow fiber bundle. The tubesheets have boreholes in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> communication with bores of the hollow fiber membrane. In at least one of the tubesheets, the boreholes are formed radially and are in communication with the central tubular <span class="hlt">core</span>. The hollow fiber <span class="hlt">fluid</span> separation device can be utilized in liquid separation applications such as ultrafiltration and in gas separation processes such as air separation.more » The design disclosed herein is light weight and compact and is particularly advantageous at high operating temperatures when the pressure of the feed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> introduced into the bores of hollow fibers is higher than the pressure on the shell side of the device.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990041848','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990041848"><span>Gas <span class="hlt">Core</span> Nuclear Rocket Feasibility Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Howe, S. D.; DeVolder, B.; Thode, L.; Zerkle, D.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>The next giant leap for mankind will be the human exploration of Mars. Almost certainly within the next thirty years, a human crew will brave the isolation, the radiation, and the lack of gravity to walk on and explore the Red planet. However, because the mission distances and duration will be hundreds of times greater than the lunar missions, a human crew will face much greater obstacles and a higher risk than those experienced during the Apollo program. A single solution to many of these obstacles is to dramatically decrease the mission duration by developing a high performance propulsion system. The gas <span class="hlt">core</span> nuclear rocket (GCNR) has the potential to be such a system. The gas <span class="hlt">core</span> concept relies on the use of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamic forces to create and maintain a vortex. The vortex is composed of a fissile material which will achieve criticality and produce high power levels. By radiatively coupling to the surrounding <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, extremely high temperatures in the propellant and, thus, high specific impulses can be generated. The ship velocities enabled by such performance may allow a 9 month round trip, manned Mars mission to be considered. Alternatively, one might consider slightly longer missions in ships that are heavily shielded against the intense Galactic Cosmic Ray flux to further reduce the radiation dose to the crew. The current status of the research program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory into the gas <span class="hlt">core</span> nuclear rocket feasibility will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5552079','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5552079"><span>Coaxial Electrospinning and Characterization of <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Shell Structured Cellulose Nanocrystal Reinforced PMMA/PAN Composite Fibers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Chao; Li, Qingde; Ni, Xiaohui; Liu, Guoxiang; Cheng, Wanli; Han, Guangping</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>A modified coaxial electrospinning process was used to prepare composite nanofibrous mats from a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) solution with the addition of different cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the sheath <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution as the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. This study investigated the conductivity of the as-spun solutions that increased significantly with increasing CNCs addition, which favors forming uniform fibers. This study discussed the effect of different CNCs addition on the morphology, thermal behavior, and the multilevel structure of the coaxial electrospun PMMA + CNCs/PAN composite nanofibers. A morphology analysis of the nanofibrous mats clearly demonstrated that the CNCs facilitated the production of the composite nanofibers with a <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structure. The diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased and the uniformity increased with increasing CNCs concentrations in the shell <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The composite nanofibrous mats had the maximum thermal decomposition temperature that was substantially higher than electrospun pure PMMA, PAN, as well as the <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell PMMA/PAN nanocomposite. The BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) formula results showed that the specific surface area of the CNCs reinforced <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell composite significantly increased with increasing CNCs content. The specific surface area of the composite with 20% CNCs loading rose to 9.62 m2/g from 3.76 m2/g for the control. A dense porous structure was formed on the surface of the electrospun <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell fibers. PMID:28772933</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910070176&hterms=nuclear+physics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dnuclear%2Bphysics','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910070176&hterms=nuclear+physics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dnuclear%2Bphysics"><span>Ultrahigh temperature vapor <span class="hlt">core</span> reactor-MHD system for space nuclear electric power</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Maya, Isaac; Anghaie, Samim; Diaz, Nils J.; Dugan, Edward T.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The conceptual design of a nuclear space power system based on the ultrahigh temperature vapor <span class="hlt">core</span> reactor with MHD energy conversion is presented. This UF4 fueled gas <span class="hlt">core</span> cavity reactor operates at 4000 K maximum <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature and 40 atm. Materials experiments, conducted with UF4 up to 2200 K, demonstrate acceptable compatibility with tungsten-molybdenum-, and carbon-based materials. The supporting nuclear, heat transfer, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow and MHD analysis, and fissioning plasma physics experiments are also discussed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010090463&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010090463&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>Geodynamo Modeling of <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Mantle Interactions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kuang, Wei-Jia; Chao, Benjamin F.; Smith, David E. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Angular momentum exchange between the Earth's mantle and <span class="hlt">core</span> influences the Earth's rotation on time scales of decades and longer, in particular in the length of day (LOD) which have been measured with progressively increasing accuracy for the last two centuries. There are four possible coupling mechanisms for transferring the axial angular momentum across the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB): viscous, magnetic, topography, and gravitational torques. Here we use our scalable, modularized, fully dynamic geodynamo model for the <span class="hlt">core</span> to assess the importance of these torques. This numerical model, as an extension of the Kuang-Bloxham model that has successfully simulated the generation of the Earth's magnetic field, is used to obtain numerical results in various physical conditions in terms of specific parameterization consistent with the dynamical processes in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>. The results show that depending on the electrical conductivity of the lower mantle and the amplitude of the boundary topography at CMB, both magnetic and topographic couplings can contribute significantly to the angular momentum exchange. This implies that the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle interactions are far more complex than has been assumed and that there is unlikely a single dominant coupling mechanism for the observed decadal LOD variation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MeScT..29c5204L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MeScT..29c5204L"><span>Magnetic field sensor based on the magnetic-<span class="hlt">fluid</span>-clad combined with singlemode-multimode-singlemode fiber and large <span class="hlt">core</span>-offset splicing structure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lv, Ri-qing; Qian, Jun-kai; Zhao, Yong</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>A simple, compact optical fiber magnetic field sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. It is based on the magnetic-<span class="hlt">fluid</span>-clad combined with singlemode-multimode-singlemode fiber structure and large <span class="hlt">core</span>-offset splicing structure. It was protected by a section of capillary tube and was sealed by UV glue. A sensing property study of the combined optical fiber structure and the proposed sensor were carried out. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the refractive index of the optical fiber sensing structure is up to 156.63 nm/RIU and the magnetic field sensitivity of the proposed sensor is up to -97.24 pm/Oe in the range from 72.4 Oe to 297.8 Oe. The proposed sensor has several other advantages, such as simple structure, small size, easy fabrication and low cost.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130001802','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130001802"><span>Thermal Hydraulics Design and Analysis Methodology for a Solid-<span class="hlt">Core</span> Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Ten-See; Canabal, Francisco; Chen, Yen-Sen; Cheng, Gary; Ito, Yasushi</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Nuclear thermal propulsion is a leading candidate for in-space propulsion for human Mars missions. This chapter describes a thermal hydraulics design and analysis methodology developed at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, in support of the nuclear thermal propulsion development effort. The objective of this campaign is to bridge the design methods in the Rover/NERVA era, with a modern computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics and heat transfer methodology, to predict thermal, <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and hydrogen environments of a hypothetical solid-<span class="hlt">core</span>, nuclear thermal engine the Small Engine, designed in the 1960s. The computational methodology is based on an unstructured-grid, pressure-based, all speeds, chemically reacting, computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics and heat transfer platform, while formulations of flow and heat transfer through porous and solid media were implemented to describe those of hydrogen flow channels inside the solid24 <span class="hlt">core</span>. Design analyses of a single flow element and the entire solid-<span class="hlt">core</span> thrust chamber of the Small Engine were performed and the results are presented herein</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H33I..02P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H33I..02P"><span>Advanced <span class="hlt">core</span>-analyses for subsurface characterization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pini, R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The heterogeneity of geological formations varies over a wide range of length scales and represents a major challenge for predicting the movement of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the subsurface. Although they are inherently limited in the accessible length-scale, laboratory measurements on reservoir <span class="hlt">core</span> samples still represent the only way to make direct observations on key transport properties. Yet, properties derived on these samples are of limited use and should be regarded as sample-specific (or `pseudos'), if the presence of sub-<span class="hlt">core</span> scale heterogeneities is not accounted for in data processing and interpretation. The advent of imaging technology has significantly reshaped the landscape of so-called Special <span class="hlt">Core</span> Analysis (SCAL) by providing unprecedented insight on rock structure and processes down to the scale of a single pore throat (i.e. the scale at which all reservoir processes operate). Accordingly, improved laboratory workflows are needed that make use of such wealth of information by e.g., referring to the internal structure of the sample and in-situ observations, to obtain accurate parameterisation of both rock- and flow-properties that can be used to populate numerical models. We report here on the development of such workflow for the study of solute mixing and dispersion during single- and multi-phase flows in heterogeneous porous systems through a unique combination of two complementary imaging techniques, namely X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The experimental protocol is applied to both synthetic and natural porous media, and it integrates (i) macroscopic observations (tracer effluent curves), (ii) sub-<span class="hlt">core</span> scale parameterisation of rock heterogeneities (e.g., porosity, permeability and capillary pressure), and direct 3D observation of (iii) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturation distribution and (iv) the dynamic spreading of the solute plumes. Suitable mathematical models are applied to reproduce experimental observations, including both 1D and 3D</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS53D1236W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS53D1236W"><span>Systematics of Alkali Metals in Pore <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> from Serpentinite Mud Volcanoes: IODP Expedition 366</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wheat, C. G.; Ryan, J.; Menzies, C. D.; Price, R. E.; Sissmann, O.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>IODP Expedition 366 focused, in part, on the study of geochemical cycling, matrix alteration, material and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport, and deep biosphere processes within the subduction channel in the Mariana forearc. This was accomplished through integrated sampling of summit and flank regions of three active serpentinite mud volcanoes (Yinazao (Blue Moon), Asùt Tesoro (Big Blue), and Fantangisña (Celestial) Seamounts). These edifices present a transect of depths to the Pacific Plate, allowing one to characterize thermal, pressure and compositional effects on processes that are associated with the formation of serpentinite mud volcanoes and continued activity below and within them. Previous <span class="hlt">coring</span> on ODP Legs 125 and 195 at two other serpentinite mud volcanoes (Conical and South Chamorro Seamounts) and piston, gravity, and push <span class="hlt">cores</span> from several other Mariana serpentinite mud volcanoes add to this transect of sites where deep-sourced material is discharged at the seafloor. Pore waters (149 samples) were squeezed from serpentinite materials to determine the composition of deep-sourced <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and to assess the character, extent, and effect of diagenetic reactions and mixing with seawater on the flanks of the seamounts as the serpentinite matrix weathers. In addition two Water Sampler Temperature Tool (WSTP) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> samples were collected within two of the cased boreholes, each with at least 30 m of screened casing that allows formations <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to discharge into the borehole. Shipboard results for Na and K record marked seamount-to-seamount differences in upwelling summit <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, and complex systematics in <span class="hlt">fluids</span> obtained from flank sites. Here we report new shore-based Rb and Cs measurements, two elements that have been used to constrain the temperature of the deep-sourced <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Data are consistent with earlier <span class="hlt">coring</span> and drilling expeditions, resulting in systematic changes with depth (and by inference temperature) to the subduction channel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010APS..DFD.GR004P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010APS..DFD.GR004P"><span>Scaling in two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> pinch-off</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pommer, Chris; Harris, Michael; Basaran, Osman</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>The physics of two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> pinch-off, which arises whenever drops, bubbles, or jets of one <span class="hlt">fluid</span> are ejected from a nozzle into another <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, is scientifically important and technologically relevant. While the breakup of a drop in a passive environment is well understood, the physics of pinch-off when both the inner and outer <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are dynamically active remains inadequately understood. Here, the breakup of a compound jet whose <span class="hlt">core</span> and shell are incompressible Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is analyzed computationally when the interior is a "bubble" and the exterior is a liquid. The numerical method employed is an implicit method of lines ALE algorithm which uses finite elements with elliptic mesh generation and adaptive finite differences for time integration. Thus, the new approach neither starts with a priori idealizations, as has been the case with previous computations, nor is limited to length scales above that set by the wavelength of visible light as in any experimental study. In particular, three distinct responses are identified as the ratio m of the outer <span class="hlt">fluid</span>'s viscosity to the inner <span class="hlt">fluid</span>'s viscosity is varied. For small m, simulations show that the minimum neck radius r initially scales with time τ before breakup as r ˜0.58° (in accord with previous experiments and inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span> models) but that r ˜τ once r becomes sufficiently small. For intermediate and large values of m, r ˜&αcirc;, where the exponent α may not equal one, once again as r becomes sufficiently small.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhFl...18f2101R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhFl...18f2101R"><span>Evolution of a compound droplet attached to a <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nozzle under the action of a strong electric field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reznik, S. N.; Yarin, A. L.; Zussman, E.; Bercovici, L.</p> <p>2006-06-01</p> <p>The shape evolution of small compound droplets at the exit of a <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell system in the presence of a sufficiently strong electric field is studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the jetting effect at the tip of the shell nozzle does not necessarily cause entrainment of the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, in which case the co-electrospinning process fails to produce <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanofibers. The remedy lies in extending the <span class="hlt">core</span> nozzle outside its shell counterpart by about half the radius of the latter. The results also show that the free charges migrate very rapidly from both <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and their interface to the free surface of the shell. This reflects the fact that most of the prejetting evolution of the droplet can be effectively described in terms of the perfect conductor model, even though the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> can be characterized as leaky dielectrics. The stress level at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell interface is of the order of 5×103g/(cms2), the relevant value in assessing the viability of viruses, bacteria, DNA molecules, drugs, enzymes, chromophores, and proteins to be encapsulated in nanofibers via co-electrospinning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009APS..DFD.GH004P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009APS..DFD.GH004P"><span>Scaling in two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> pinch-off</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pommer, Chris; Suryo, Ronald; Subramani, Hariprasad; Harris, Michael; Basaran, Osman</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>Two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> pinch-off is encountered when drops or bubbles of one <span class="hlt">fluid</span> are ejected from a nozzle into another <span class="hlt">fluid</span> or when a compound jet breaks. While the breakup of a drop in a passive environment and that of a passive bubble in a liquid are well understood, the physics of pinch-off when both the inner and outer <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are dynamically active is inadequately understood. In this talk, the breakup of a compound jet whose <span class="hlt">core</span> and shell are both incompressible Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is analyzed computationally by a method of lines ALE algorithm which uses finite elements with elliptic mesh generation for spatial discretization and adaptive finite differences for time integration. Pinch-off dynamics are investigated well beyond the limit of experiments set by the wavelength of visible light and that of various algorithms used in the literature. Simulations show that the minimum neck radius r initially scales with time τ before breakup as &αcirc; where α varies over a certain range. However, depending on the values of the governing dimensionless groups, this initial scaling regime may be transitory and, closer to pinch-off, the dynamics may transition to a final asymptotic regime for which r ˜&βcirc;, where β!=α.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16060164','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16060164"><span>Supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> technology of nanoparticle coating for new ceramic materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aymonier, Cyril; Elissalde, Catherine; Reveron, Helen; Weill, François; Maglione, Mario; Cansell, François</p> <p>2005-06-01</p> <p>This work highlights, for the first time, the coating of ferroelectric nanoparticles with a chemical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> deposition process in supercritical <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. BaTiO3 nanoparticles of about 50 nm are coated with a shell of a few nanometers of amorphous alumina and can be recovered as a dry powder for processing. The sintering of these <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles gives access to a ceramic material with very interesting ferroelectric properties, in particular, dielectric losses below 1%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29935514','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29935514"><span>Study of the hard-disk system at high densities: the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-hexatic phase transition.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mier-Y-Terán, Luis; Machorro-Martínez, Brian Ignacio; Chapela, Gustavo A; Del Río, Fernando</p> <p>2018-06-21</p> <p>Integral equations of uniform <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have been considered unable to predict any characteristic feature of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid phase transition, including the shoulder that arises in the second peak of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-phase radial distribution function, RDF, of hard-<span class="hlt">core</span> systems obtained by computer simulations, at <span class="hlt">fluid</span> densities very close to the structural two-step phase transition. This reasoning is based on the results of traditional integral approximations, like Percus-Yevick, PY, which does not show such a shoulder in hard-<span class="hlt">core</span> systems, neither in two nor three dimensions. In this work, we present results of three Ansätze, based on the PY theory, that were proposed to remedy the lack of PY analytical solutions in two dimensions. This comparative study shows that one of those Ansätze does develop a shoulder in the second peak of the RDF at densities very close to the phase transition, qualitatively describing this feature. Since the shoulder grows into a peak at still higher densities, this integral equation approach predicts the appearance of an orientational order characteristic of the hexatic phase in a continuous <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-hexatic phase transition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI33B0414T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI33B0414T"><span>Observation and excitation of magnetohydrodynamic waves in numerical models of Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Teed, R.; Hori, K.; Tobias, S.; Jones, C. A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Several types of magnetohydrodynamic waves are theorised to operate in Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span> but their detection is limited by the inability to probe the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> directly. Secular variation data and periodic changes in Earth's length-of-day provide evidence for the possible existence of waves. Numerical simulations of <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamics enable us to search directly for waves and determine their properties. With this information it is possible to consider whether they can be the origin of features observed in observational data. We focus on two types of wave identified in our numerical experiments: i) torsional waves and ii) slow magnetic Rossby waves. Our models display periodic, Earth-like torsional waves that travel outwards from the tangent cylinder circumscribing the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>. We discuss the properties of these waves and their similarites to observational data. Excitation is via a matching of the Alfvén frequency with that of small modes of convection focused at the tangent cylinder. The slow magnetic Rossby waves observed in our simulations show that these waves may account for some geomagnetic westward drifts observed at mid-latitudes. We present analysis showing excitation of waves by the convective instability and we discuss how the detection of these waves could also provide an estimate of the strength of the toroidal component of the magnetic field within the planetary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JChPh.112.3245M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JChPh.112.3245M"><span>Hard sphere perturbation theory of dense <span class="hlt">fluids</span> with singular perturbation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mon, K. K.</p> <p>2000-02-01</p> <p>Hard sphere perturbation theories (HSPT) played a significant role in the fundamental understanding of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and continues to be a popular method in a wide range of applications. The possibility of difficulty with singular perturbation for some classical soft <span class="hlt">core</span> model <span class="hlt">fluids</span> appears to have been overlooked or ignored in the literature. We address this issue in this short note and show by analysis that a region of phase space has been neglected in the standard application of HSPT involving singular perturbation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4284355','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4284355"><span>NEUTRONIC REACTOR FUEL ELEMENT AND <span class="hlt">CORE</span> SYSTEM</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Moore, W.T.</p> <p>1958-09-01</p> <p>This patent relates to neutronic reactors and in particular to an improved fuel element and a novel reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> system for facilitating removal of contaminating fission products, as they are fermed, from association with the flssionable fuel, so as to mitigate the interferent effects of such fission products during reactor operation. The fuel elements are comprised of tubular members impervious to <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and contatning on their interior surfaces a thin layer of fissionable material providing a central void. The <span class="hlt">core</span> structure is comprised of a plurality of the tubular fuel elements arranged in parallel and a closed manifold connected to their ends. In the reactor the <span class="hlt">core</span> structure is dispersed in a water moderator and coolant within a pressure vessel, and a means connected to said manifuld is provided for withdrawing and disposing of mobile fission product contamination from the interior of the feel tubes and manifold.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24790437','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24790437"><span>Electrosprayed <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell solid dispersions of acyclovir fabricated using an epoxy-coated concentric spray head.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Zhe-Peng; Cui, Lei; Yu, Deng-Guang; Zhao, Zhuan-Xia; Chen, Lan</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A novel structural solid dispersion (SD) taking the form of <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell microparticles for poorly water-soluble drugs is reported for the first time. Using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a hydrophilic polymer matrix, the SDs were fabricated using coaxial electrospraying (characterized by an epoxy-coated concentric spray head), although the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were unprocessable using one-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> electrospraying. Through manipulating the flow rates of the <span class="hlt">core</span> drug-loaded solutions, two types of <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell microparticles with tunable drug contents were prepared. They had average diameters of 1.36±0.67 and 1.74±0.58 μm, and were essentially a combination of nanocomposites with the active ingredient acyclovir (ACY) distributed in the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>, and the sweeter sucralose and transmembrane enhancer sodium dodecyl sulfate localized in the outer shell. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that ACY, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sucralose were well distributed in the PVP matrix in an amorphous state because of favorable second-order interactions. In vitro dissolution and permeation studies showed that the <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell microparticle SDs rapidly freed ACY within 1 minute and promoted nearly eightfold increases in permeation rate across the sublingual mucosa compared with raw ACY powders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740019617','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740019617"><span>Apparatus for establishing flow of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mass having a known velocity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Price, P.; Veikins, O.; Bate, E. R., Jr.; Jones, R. H. (Inventor)</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>An apparatus for establishing a flow of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mass, such as gas, having a known velocity is introduced. The apparatus is characterized by an hermetically sealed chamber conforming to a closed-loop configuration and including a throat and a plurality of axially displaceable pistons for sweeping through the throat a stream of gas including a <span class="hlt">core</span> and an unsheared boundary layer. Within the throat there is a cylindrical <span class="hlt">coring</span> body concentrically related to the throat for receiving the <span class="hlt">core</span>, and a chamber surrounding the cylindrical body for drawing off the boundary layer, whereby the velocity of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is liberated from the effects of the velocity of the boundary layer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5789681-dynamic-two-fluid-model-olga-theory-application','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5789681-dynamic-two-fluid-model-olga-theory-application"><span>The dynamic two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> model OLGA; Theory and application</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bendiksen, K.H.; Maines, D.; Moe, R.</p> <p>1991-05-01</p> <p>Dynamic two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> models have found a wide range of application in the simulation of two-phase-flow systems, particularly for the analysis of steam/water flow in the <span class="hlt">core</span> of a nuclear reactor. Until quite recently, however, very few attempts have been made to use such models in the simulation of two-phase oil and gas flow in pipelines. This paper presents a dynamic two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> model, OLGA, in detail, stressing the basic equations and the two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> models applied. Predictions of steady-state pressure drop, liquid hold-up, and flow-regime transitions are compared with data from the SINTEF Two-Phase Flow Laboratory and from the literature. Comparisons withmore » evaluated field data are also presented.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040110815','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040110815"><span>Sound Transmission through a Cylindrical Sandwich Shell with Honeycomb <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tang, Yvette Y.; Robinson, Jay H.; Silcox, Richard J.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Sound transmission through an infinite cylindrical sandwich shell is studied in the context of the transmission of airborne sound into aircraft interiors. The cylindrical shell is immersed in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> media and excited by an oblique incident plane sound wave. The internal and external <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are different and there is uniform airflow in the external <span class="hlt">fluid</span> medium. An explicit expression of transmission loss is derived in terms of modal impedance of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and the shell. The results show the effects of (a) the incident angles of the plane wave; (b) the flight conditions of Mach number and altitude of the aircraft; (c) the ratios between the <span class="hlt">core</span> thickness and the total thickness of the shell; and (d) the structural loss factors on the transmission loss. Comparisons of the transmission loss are made among different shell constructions and different shell theories.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19710000356','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19710000356"><span>Improved diamond <span class="hlt">coring</span> bits developed for dry and chip-flush drilling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Decker, W. E.; Hampe, W. R.; Hampton, W. H.; Simon, A. B.</p> <p>1971-01-01</p> <p>Two rotary diamond bit designs, one operating with a chip-flushing <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, the second including auger section to remove drilled chips, enhance usefulness of tool for exploratory and industrial <span class="hlt">core</span>-drilling of hard, abrasive mineral deposits and structural masonry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016QSRv..135..154W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016QSRv..135..154W"><span>Pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and the LGM ocean salinity-Reconsidered</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wunsch, Carl</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> chlorinity/salinity data from deep-sea <span class="hlt">cores</span> related to the salinity maximum of the last glacial maximum (LGM) are analyzed using estimation methods deriving from linear control theory. With conventional diffusion coefficient values and no vertical advection, results show a very strong dependence upon initial conditions at -100 ky. Earlier inferences that the abyssal Southern Ocean was strongly salt-stratified in the LGM with a relatively fresh North Atlantic Ocean are found to be consistent within uncertainties of the salinity determination, which remain of order ±1 g/kg. However, an LGM Southern Ocean abyss with an important relative excess of salt is an assumption, one not required by existing <span class="hlt">core</span> data. None of the present results show statistically significant abyssal salinity values above the global average, and results remain consistent, apart from a general increase owing to diminished sea level, with a more conventional salinity distribution having deep values lower than the global mean. The Southern Ocean <span class="hlt">core</span> does show a higher salinity than the North Atlantic one on the Bermuda Rise at different water depths. Although much more sophisticated models of the pore-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> salinity can be used, they will only increase the resulting uncertainties, unless considerably more data can be obtained. Results are consistent with complex regional variations in abyssal salinity during deglaciation, but none are statistically significant.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25679499','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25679499"><span>Cellulose nanoparticles as modifiers for rheology and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> loss in bentonite water-based <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Mei-Chun; Wu, Qinglin; Song, Kunlin; Qing, Yan; Wu, Yiqiang</p> <p>2015-03-04</p> <p>Rheological and filtration characteristics of drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are considered as two critical aspects to ensure the success of a drilling operation. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs), including microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in enhancing the rheological and filtration performances of bentonite (BT) water-based drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (WDFs). CNCs were isolated from MFC through sulfuric acid hydrolysis. In comparison with MFC, the resultant CNCs had much smaller dimensions, more negative surface charge, higher stability in aqueous solutions, lower viscosity, and less evident shear thinning behavior. These differences resulted in the distinctive microstructures between MFC/BT- and CNC/BT-WDFs. A typical "<span class="hlt">core</span>-shell" structure was created in CNC/BT-WDFs due to the strong surface interactions among BT layers, CNCs, and immobilized water molecules. However, a similar structure was not formed in MFC/BT-WDFs. As a result, CNC/BT-WDFs had superior rheological properties, higher temperature stability, less <span class="hlt">fluid</span> loss volume, and thinner filter cakes than BT and MFC/BT-WDFs. Moreover, the presence of polyanionic cellulose (PAC) further improved the rheological and filtration performances of CNC/BT-WDFs, suggesting a synergistic effect between PAC and CNCs.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.H51B..01B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.H51B..01B"><span>Experimental Analysis of the Role of <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Transport Properties in <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Induced Fracture Initiation and Propagation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Boutt, D.; McPherson, B. J.; Cook, B. K.; Goodwin, L. B.; Williams, J. R.; Lee, M. Y.; Patteson, R.</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>It is well known that pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure fundamentally influences a rock's mechanical response to stress. However, most measures of the mechanical behavior of rock (e.g. shear strength, Young's modulus) do not incorporate, either explicitly or implicitly, pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure or transport properties of rock. Current empirical and theoretical criteria that define the amount of stress a given body of rock can support before fracturing also lack a direct connection between <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport and mechanical properties. Our research goal is to use laboratory experimental results to elucidate correlations between rock transport properties and fracture behavior under idealized loading conditions. In strongly coupled <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid systems the evolution of the solid framework is influenced by the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and vice versa. These couplings often result in changes of the bulk material properties (i.e. permeability and failure strength) with respect to the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>'s ability to move through the solid and the solids ability to transmit momentum. Feedbacks between <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and solid framework ultimately play key roles in understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of the coupled <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid system. Discretely coupled models of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and solid mechanics were developed a priori to design an experimental approach for testing the role of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport parameters in rock fracture. The experimental approach consists of first loading a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturated cylindrical rock specimen under hydrostatic conditions and then applying a differential stress such that the maximum stress is perpendicular to the cylinder long axis. At the beginning of the test the minimum stress and the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure are dropped at the same time such that the resulting difference in the initial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure and the final <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure is greater than the final minimum stress. These loading conditions should produce a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> driven tensile fracture that is perpendicular to the cylinder long axis. Initial analyses using</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070032711','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070032711"><span>Multiphysics Computational Analysis of a Solid-<span class="hlt">Core</span> Nuclear Thermal Engine Thrust Chamber</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Ten-See; Canabal, Francisco; Cheng, Gary; Chen, Yen-Sen</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The objective of this effort is to develop an efficient and accurate computational heat transfer methodology to predict thermal, <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and hydrogen environments for a hypothetical solid-<span class="hlt">core</span>, nuclear thermal engine - the Small Engine. In addition, the effects of power profile and hydrogen conversion on heat transfer efficiency and thrust performance were also investigated. The computational methodology is based on an unstructured-grid, pressure-based, all speeds, chemically reacting, computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics platform, while formulations of conjugate heat transfer were implemented to describe the heat transfer from solid to hydrogen inside the solid-<span class="hlt">core</span> reactor. The computational domain covers the entire thrust chamber so that the afore-mentioned heat transfer effects impact the thrust performance directly. The result shows that the computed <span class="hlt">core</span>-exit gas temperature, specific impulse, and <span class="hlt">core</span> pressure drop agree well with those of design data for the Small Engine. Finite-rate chemistry is very important in predicting the proper energy balance as naturally occurring hydrogen decomposition is endothermic. Locally strong hydrogen conversion associated with centralized power profile gives poor heat transfer efficiency and lower thrust performance. On the other hand, uniform hydrogen conversion associated with a more uniform radial power profile achieves higher heat transfer efficiency, and higher thrust performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1015c2016B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1015c2016B"><span>Digital <span class="hlt">Core</span> Modelling for Clastic Oil and Gas Reservoir</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Belozerov, I.; Berezovsky, V.; Gubaydullin, M.; Yur’ev, A.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>"Digital <span class="hlt">core</span>" is a multi-purpose tool for solving a variety of tasks in the field of geological exploration and production of hydrocarbons at various stages, designed to improve the accuracy of geological study of subsurface resources, the efficiency of reproduction and use of mineral resources, as well as applying the results obtained in production practice. The actuality of the development of the "Digital <span class="hlt">core</span>" software is that even a partial replacement of natural laboratory experiments with mathematical modelling can be used in the operative calculation of reserves in exploratory drilling, as well as in the absence of <span class="hlt">core</span> material from wells. Or impossibility of its research by existing laboratory methods (weakly cemented, loose, etc. rocks). 3D-reconstruction of the <span class="hlt">core</span> microstructure can be considered as a cheap and least time-consuming method for obtaining petrophysical information about the main filtration-capacitive properties and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motion in reservoir rocks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4176/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4176/report.pdf"><span>Wireline-rotary air <span class="hlt">coring</span> of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Teasdale, W.E.; Pemberton, R.R.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes experiments using wireline-rotary air-<span class="hlt">coring</span> techniques conducted in the Bandelier Tuff using a modified standard wireline <span class="hlt">core</span>-barrel system. The modified equipment was used to collect uncontaminated <span class="hlt">cores</span> of unconsolidated ash and indurated tuff at Los Alamos, New Mexico. <span class="hlt">Core</span> recovery obtained from the 210-foot deep test hole was about 92 percent. A standard HQ-size, triple-tube wireline <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel (designed for the passage of liquid drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span>) was modified for air <span class="hlt">coring</span> as follows: (1) Air passages were milled in the latch body part of the head assembly; (2) the inside dimension of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel tube was machined and honed to provide greater clearance between the inner and outer barrels; (3) oversized reaming devices were added to the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel and the <span class="hlt">coring</span> bit to allow more clearance for air and cuttings return; (4) the eight discharge ports in the <span class="hlt">coring</span> bit were enlarged. To control airborne-dust pollution, a dust-and-cuttings discharge subassembly, designed and built by project personnel, was used. (USGS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MRE.....4k6310L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MRE.....4k6310L"><span>Fabrication of poly(o-anisidine) coated silica <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell microspheres and their electrorheological response</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Chul Joo; Choi, Hyoung Jin</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>In this work, silica/poly(o-anisidine) (POA) <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structured microspheres were synthesized by coating the silica <span class="hlt">core</span> surface with POA with a help of a chemical grafting agent, N-[(3-trimethoxylsilyl)-propyl] aniline. The synthesized silica microspheres were then applied as a polymer/inorganic composite particle-based electrorheological (ER) <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The morphology of the silica/POA microspheres was examined by using both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while their thermal properties and chemical structure were checked by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The ER properties of the silica/POA particle-based ER <span class="hlt">fluid</span> were examined by using a Couette-type rotational rheometer equipped with a high-voltage power supplier and analyzed by the Bingham model and modified Mason number. In order to obtain additional information about the electrical polarization properties, the dielectric spectra were measured by an LCR meter and fitted by using the Cole-Cole equation. Furthermore, suspension stability of the ER <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was tested using Turbiscan.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.G41C0370D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.G41C0370D"><span>Historical Variations in Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span> Rotation and Polar Motion at Decade Timescales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dumberry, M.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Exchanges of angular momentum between the mantle, the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> and the solid inner <span class="hlt">core</span> result in changes in the Earth's rotation. Torques in the axial direction produce changes in amplitude, or changes in length of day, while torques in the equatorial direction lead to changes in orientation of the rotation vector with respect to the mantle, or polar motion. In this work, we explore the possibility that a combination of electromagnetic and gravitational torques on the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> can reproduce the observed decadal variations in polar motion known as the Markowitz wobble. Torsional oscillations, which involve azimuthal motions in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> with typical periods of decades, entrain the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> by electromagnetic traction. When the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> is axially rotated, its surfaces of constant density are no longer aligned with the gravitational potential from mantle density heterogeneities, and this results in a gravitational torque between the two. The axial component of this torque has been previously described and is believed to be partly responsible for decadal changes in length of day. In this work, we show that it has also an equatorial component, which produces a tilt of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and results in polar motion. The polar motion produced by this mechanism depends on the density structure in the mantle, the rheology of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>, and the time-history of the angle of axial misalignment between the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and the mantle. We reconstruct the latter using a model of torsional oscillations derived from geomagnetic secular variation. From this time-history, and by using published models of mantle density structure, we show that we can reproduce the salient characteristics of the Markowitz wobble: an eccentric decadal polar motion of 30-50 milliarcsecs oriented along a specific longitude. We discuss the implications of this result, noting that a match in both amplitude and phase of the observed Markowitz wobble allows the recovery of the historical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381220','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381220"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> displacement during droplet formation at microfluidic flow-focusing junctions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Haishui; He, Xiaoming</p> <p>2015-11-07</p> <p>Microdroplets and microcapsules have been widely produced using microfluidic flow-focusing junctions for biomedical and chemical applications. However, the multiphase microfluidic flow at the flow-focusing junction has not been well investigated. In this study, the displacement of two (<span class="hlt">core</span> and shell) aqueous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> that disperse into droplets altogether in a carrier oil emulsion was investigated both numerically and experimentally. It was found that extensive displacement of the two aqueous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> within the droplet during its formation could occur as a result of the shear effect of the carrier <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and the capillary effect of interfacial tension. We further identified that the two mechanisms of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> displacement can be evaluated by two dimensionless parameters. The quantitative relationship between the degree of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> displacement and these two dimensionless parameters was determined experimentally. Finally, we demonstrated that the degree of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> displacement could be controlled to generate hydrogel microparticles of different morphologies using planar or nonplanar flow-focusing junctions. These findings should provide useful guidance to the microfluidic production of microscale droplets or capsules for various biomedical and chemical applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMDI43A1769A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMDI43A1769A"><span>Seismic Wave Velocity in Earth's Shallow <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alexandrakis, C.; Eaton, D. W.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Studies of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> indicate that it is composed of liquid Fe and Ni alloyed with a ~10% fraction of light elements such as O, S or Si. Recently, unusual features, such as sediment accumulation, immiscible <span class="hlt">fluid</span> layers or stagnant convection, have been predicted in the shallow <span class="hlt">core</span> region. Secular cooling and compositional buoyancy drive vigorous convection that sustains the geodynamo, although critical details of light-element composition and thermal regime remain uncertain. Seismic velocity models can provide important constraints on the light element composition, however global reference models, such as Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM), IASP91 and AK135 vary significantly in the 200 km below the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary. Past studies of the outermost <span class="hlt">core</span> velocity structure have been hampered by traveltime uncertainties due to lowermost mantle heterogeneities. The recently published Empirical Transfer Function (ETF) method has been shown to reduce the uncertainty using a waveform stacking approach to improve global observations of SmKS teleseismic waves. Here, we apply the ETF method to achieve a precise top-of-<span class="hlt">core</span> velocity measurement of 8.05 ± 0.03 km/s. This new model accords well with PREM. Since PREM is based on the adiabatic form of the Adams-Williamson equation, it assumes a well mixed (i.e. homogeneous) composition. This result suggests a lack of heterogeneity in the outermost <span class="hlt">core</span> due to layering or stagnant convection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.2050E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.2050E"><span>Simulating rotating <span class="hlt">fluid</span> bodies: When is vorticity generation via density-stratification important?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Evonuk, M.; Samuel, H.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Differential rotation is one of the key components needed to maintain a magnetic dynamo, therefore it is important to understand the processes that generate differential rotation in rotating bodies. In a rotating density-stratified <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, local vorticity generation occurs as <span class="hlt">fluid</span> parcels move radially, expanding or contracting with respect to the background density stratification. The convergence of this vorticity forms zonal flow structures as a function of the radius and the slope of the background density profile. While this effect is thought to be of importance in bodies that are quickly rotating and highly turbulent with large density stratifications such as Jupiter, it is generally neglected in bodies such as the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, where the density change is small. Simulations of thermal convection in the 2D rotating equatorial plane are conducted to determine the parameter regime where local vorticity generation plays a significant role in organizing the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. Three regimes are found: a dipolar flow regime, where the flow is not organized by the rotation, a transitional flow regime, and a differential flow regime, where the flow is strongly organized into differential rotation with multiple jets. A scaling law is determined based on the convective Rossby number and the density contrast across the equatorial plane, providing a simple way to determine in which regime a given body lies. While a giant planet such as Jupiter lies firmly in the differential flow regime as expected, the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is also found to lie in the differential flow regime indicating that, even in the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, where the density contrast is small, vorticity contributions via <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement through the density stratification may be non-negligible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGP21A1153E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGP21A1153E"><span>Simulating rotating <span class="hlt">fluid</span> bodies: When is vorticity generation via density-stratification important?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Evonuk, M.; Samuel, H.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Differential rotation is one of the key components needed to maintain a magnetic dynamo, therefore it is important to understand the processes that generate differential rotation in rotating bodies. In a rotating density-stratified <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, local vorticity generation occurs as <span class="hlt">fluid</span> parcels move radially, expanding or contracting with respect to the background density stratification. The convergence of this vorticity forms zonal flow structures as a function of the radius and the slope of the background density profile. While this effect is thought to be of importance in bodies that are quickly rotating and highly turbulent with large density stratifications such as Jupiter, it is generally neglected in bodies such as the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, where the density change is small. Simulations of thermal convection in the 2D rotating equatorial plane are conducted to determine the parameter regime where local vorticity generation plays a significant role in organizing the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. Three regimes are found: a dipolar flow regime, where the flow is not organized by the rotation, a transitional flow regime, and a differential flow regime, where the flow is strongly organized into differential rotation with multiple jets. A scaling law is determined based on the convective Rossby number and the density contrast across the equatorial plane, providing a simple way to determine in which regime a given body lies. While a giant planet such as Jupiter lies firmly in the differential flow regime as expected, the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is also found to lie in the differential flow regime indicating that, even in the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, where the density contrast is small, vorticity contributions via <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement through the density stratification may be non-negligible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012E%26PSL.317....1E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012E%26PSL.317....1E"><span>Simulating rotating <span class="hlt">fluid</span> bodies: When is vorticity generation via density-stratification important?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Evonuk, M.; Samuel, H.</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>Differential rotation is one of the key components needed to maintain a magnetic dynamo, therefore it is important to understand the processes that generate differential rotation in rotating bodies. In a rotating density-stratified <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, local vorticity generation occurs as <span class="hlt">fluid</span> parcels move radially, expanding or contracting with respect to the background density stratification. The convergence of this vorticity forms zonal flow structures as a function of the radius and the slope of the background density profile. While this effect is thought to be of importance in bodies that are quickly rotating and highly turbulent with large density stratifications such as Jupiter, it is generally neglected in bodies such as the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, where the density change is small. Simulations of thermal convection in the 2D rotating equatorial plane are conducted to determine the parameter regime where local vorticity generation plays a significant role in organizing the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. Three regimes are found: a dipolar flow regime, where the flow is not organized by the rotation, a transitional flow regime, and a differential flow regime, where the flow is strongly organized into differential rotation with multiple jets. A scaling law is determined based on the convective Rossby number and the density contrast across the equatorial plane, providing a simple way to determine in which regime a given body lies. While a giant planet such as Jupiter lies firmly in the differential flow regime as expected, the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is also found to lie in the differential flow regime indicating that, even in the Earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, where the density contrast is small, vorticity contributions via <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement through the density stratificationmay be non-negligible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.H53L..07S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.H53L..07S"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Interactions with Explosion-Induced Fractures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Swanson, E.; Sussman, A. J.; Wilson, J.; Broome, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluids</span> can chemically interact with the fractures they flow through, a process that may affect the movement of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the subsurface. This is a topic of interest to a large variety of research areas, including (but not limited to) production of oil and gas, contaminant tracking, geothermal energy production, CO2 sequestration, and nuclear test monitoring. A study performed as part of the Source Physics Experiment, designed to look at the effects of underground chemical explosions, provides a rare opportunity to compare <span class="hlt">cores</span> from pre-shot and post-shot rock, from damage created in situ. We present data on the variability of microfracture density with distance from the explosion, as well as the occurrence of fractures that either open or contain clay infill. We find that both open and filled fractures occur more frequently within the post-shot samples (by a factor of up to 4x), with similar spatial distributions. This calls into question the validity of the commonly made assumption that all filled fractures were present prior to the explosive shot, and only open fractures can represent explosion-induced damage. These results suggest that <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions might have a significant influence on the permeabilities that result from explosions, even within a few weeks. Additional data on the mechanical properties of the pre-shot and post-shot <span class="hlt">core</span> samples show an unexpected pattern during unconfined compressive strength tests: the samples retrieved following 2 successive shots failed at higher stresses than did samples retrieved after 1 shot. We present these results, along with some evidence this behavior may arise from trace differences in water content during testing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869465','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869465"><span>Method and apparatus utilizing ionizing and microwave radiation for saturation determination of water, oil and a gas in a <span class="hlt">core</span> sample</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Maerefat, Nicida L.; Parmeswar, Ravi; Brinkmeyer, Alan D.; Honarpour, Mehdi</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>A system for determining the relative permeabilities of gas, water and oil in a <span class="hlt">core</span> sample has a microwave emitter/detector subsystem and an X-ray emitter/detector subsystem. A <span class="hlt">core</span> holder positions the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample between microwave absorbers which prevent diffracted microwaves from reaching a microwave detector where they would reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave measurements. The microwave emitter/detector subsystem and the X-ray emitter/detector subsystem each have linear calibration characteristics, allowing one subsystem to be calibrated with respect to the other subsystem. The dynamic range of microwave measurements is extended through the use of adjustable attenuators. This also facilitates the use of <span class="hlt">core</span> samples with wide diameters. The stratification characteristics of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> may be observed with a windowed cell separator at the outlet of the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample. The condensation of heavy hydrocarbon gas and the dynamic characteristics of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are observed with a sight glass at the outlet of the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7250371','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7250371"><span>Method and apparatus utilizing ionizing and microwave radiation for saturation determination of water, oil and a gas in a <span class="hlt">core</span> sample</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Maerefat, N.L.; Parmeswar, R.; Brinkmeyer, A.D.; Honarpour, M.</p> <p>1994-08-23</p> <p>A system is described for determining the relative permeabilities of gas, water and oil in a <span class="hlt">core</span> sample has a microwave emitter/detector subsystem and an X-ray emitter/detector subsystem. A <span class="hlt">core</span> holder positions the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample between microwave absorbers which prevent diffracted microwaves from reaching a microwave detector where they would reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave measurements. The microwave emitter/detector subsystem and the X-ray emitter/detector subsystem each have linear calibration characteristics, allowing one subsystem to be calibrated with respect to the other subsystem. The dynamic range of microwave measurements is extended through the use of adjustable attenuators. This also facilitates the use of <span class="hlt">core</span> samples with wide diameters. The stratification characteristics of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> may be observed with a windowed cell separator at the outlet of the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample. The condensation of heavy hydrocarbon gas and the dynamic characteristics of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are observed with a sight glass at the outlet of the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample. 11 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.9160T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.9160T"><span>Meteoric water in metamorphic <span class="hlt">core</span> complexes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Teyssier, Christian; Mulch, Andreas</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The trace of surface water has been found in all detachment shear zones that bound the Cordilleran metamorphic <span class="hlt">core</span> complexes of North America. DeltaD values of mica fish in detachment mylonites demonstrate that these synkinematic minerals grew in the presence of meteoric water. Typically deltaD values are very negative (-120 to -160 per mil) corresponding to deltaD values of water that are < -100 per mil given the temperature of water-mica isotopic equilibration (300-500C). From British Columbia (Canada) to Nevada (USA) detachment systems bound a series of <span class="hlt">core</span> complexes: the Thor-Odin, Valhalla, Kettle-Okanogan, Bitterroot -Anaconda, Pioneer, Raft River, Ruby Mountain, and Snake Range. The bounding shear zones range in thickness from ~100 m to ~1 km, and within the shear zones, meteoric water signature is recognized over 10s to 100s of meters beneath the detachment fault. The age of shearing ranges generally from Eocene in the N (~50-45 Ma) to Oligo-Miocene in the S (25-15 Ma). DeltaD water values derived from mica fish in shear zones are consistent with supradetachment basin records of the same age brackets and can be used for paleoaltimetry if coeval isotopic records from near sea level are available. Results show that a wave of topography (typically 4000-5000 m) developed from N to S along the Cordillera belt from Eocene to Miocene, accompanied by the propagation of extensional deformation and volcanic activity. In addition, each detachment system informs a particular extensional detachment process. For example, the thick Thor-Odin detachment shear zone provides sufficient age resolution to indicate the downward propagation of shearing and the progressive incorporation of footwall rocks into the hanging wall. The Kettle detachment provides a clear illustration of the dependence of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulation on dynamic recrystallization processes. The Raft River system consists of a thick Eocene shear zone that was overprinted by Miocene shearing; channels of meteoric</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880009842','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880009842"><span><span class="hlt">Core-core</span> and <span class="hlt">core</span>-valence correlation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr.; Langhoff, Stephen R.; Taylor, Peter R.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The effect of (1s) <span class="hlt">core</span> correlation on properties and energy separations was analyzed using full configuration-interaction (FCI) calculations. The Be 1 S - 1 P, the C 3 P - 5 S and CH+ 1 Sigma + or - 1 Pi separations, and CH+ spectroscopic constants, dipole moment and 1 Sigma + - 1 Pi transition dipole moment were studied. The results of the FCI calculations are compared to those obtained using approximate methods. In addition, the generation of atomic natural orbital (ANO) basis sets, as a method for contracting a primitive basis set for both valence and <span class="hlt">core</span> correlation, is discussed. When both <span class="hlt">core-core</span> and <span class="hlt">core</span>-valence correlation are included in the calculation, no suitable truncated CI approach consistently reproduces the FCI, and contraction of the basis set is very difficult. If the (nearly constant) <span class="hlt">core-core</span> correlation is eliminated, and only the <span class="hlt">core</span>-valence correlation is included, CASSCF/MRCI approached reproduce the FCI results and basis set contraction is significantly easier.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GeoJI.196.1544A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GeoJI.196.1544A"><span>Self-induced seismicity due to <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulation along faults</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aochi, Hideo; Poisson, Blanche; Toussaint, Renaud; Rachez, Xavier; Schmittbuhl, Jean</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>In this paper, we develop a system of equations describing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration, fault rheology, fault thickness evolution and shear rupture during a seismic cycle, triggered either by tectonic loading or by <span class="hlt">fluid</span> injection. Assuming that the phenomena predominantly take place on a single fault described as a finite permeable zone of variable width, we are able to project the equations within the volumetric fault <span class="hlt">core</span> onto the 2-D fault interface. From the basis of this `fault lubrication approximation', we simulate the evolution of seismicity when <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is injected at one point along the fault to model-induced seismicity during an injection test in a borehole that intercepts the fault. We perform several parametric studies to understand the basic behaviour of the system. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> transmissivity and fault rheology are key elements. The simulated seismicity generally tends to rapidly evolve after triggering, independently of the injection history and end when the stationary path of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow is established at the outer boundary of the model. This self-induced seismicity takes place in the case where shear rupturing on a planar fault becomes dominant over the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration process. On the contrary, if healing processes take place, so that the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mass is trapped along the fault, rupturing occurs continuously during the injection period. Seismicity and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration are strongly influenced by the injection rate and the heterogeneity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060047476','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060047476"><span>Multiphysics Analysis of a Solid-<span class="hlt">Core</span> Nuclear Thermal Engine Thrust Chamber</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Ten-See; Canabal, Francisco; Cheng, Gary; Chen, Yen-Sen</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>The objective of this effort is to develop an efficient and accurate thermo-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> computational methodology to predict environments for a hypothetical solid-<span class="hlt">core</span>, nuclear thermal engine thrust chamber. The computational methodology is based on an unstructured-grid, pressure-based computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics methodology. Formulations for heat transfer in solids and porous media were implemented and anchored. A two-pronged approach was employed in this effort: A detailed thermo-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> analysis on a multi-channel flow element for mid-section corrosion investigation; and a global modeling of the thrust chamber to understand the effect of hydrogen dissociation and recombination on heat transfer and thrust performance. The formulations and preliminary results on both aspects are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23368036','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23368036"><span>Ring waves as a mass transport mechanism in air-driven <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flows.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Camassa, Roberto; Forest, M Gregory; Lee, Long; Ogrosky, H Reed; Olander, Jeffrey</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Air-driven <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows occur in many situations, from lung airways to engineering applications. Here we study, experimentally and theoretically, flows where a viscous liquid film lining the inside of a tube is forced upwards against gravity by turbulent airflow up the center of the tube. We present results on the thickness and mean speed of the film and properties of the interfacial waves that develop from an instability of the air-liquid interface. We derive a long-wave asymptotic model and compare properties of its solutions with those of the experiments. Traveling wave solutions of this long-wave model exhibit evidence of different mass transport regimes: Past a certain threshold, sufficiently large-amplitude waves begin to trap <span class="hlt">cores</span> of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> which propagate upward at wave speeds. This theoretical result is then confirmed by a second set of experiments that show evidence of ring waves of annular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> propagating over the underlying creeping flow. By tuning the parameters of the experiments, the strength of this phenomenon can be adjusted in a way that is predicted qualitatively by the model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268258','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268258"><span>NaF-loaded <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell PAN-PMMA nanofibers as reinforcements for Bis-GMA/TEGDMA restorative resins.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cheng, Liyuan; Zhou, Xuegang; Zhong, Hong; Deng, Xuliang; Cai, Qing; Yang, Xiaoping</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A kind of <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanofibers containing sodium fluoride (NaF) was produced and used as reinforcing materials for dimethacrylate-based dental restorative resins in this study. The <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanofibers were prepared by coaxial-electrospinning with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) solutions as <span class="hlt">core</span> and shell <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, respectively. The produced PAN-PMMA nanofibers varied in fiber diameter and the thickness of PMMA shell depending on electrospinning parameters. NaF-loaded nanofibers were obtained by incorporating NaF nanocrystals into the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span> at two loadings (0.8 or 1.0wt.%). Embedment of NaF nanocrystals into the PAN <span class="hlt">core</span> did not damage the <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structure. The addition of PAN-PMMA nanofibers into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA clearly showed the reinforcement due to the good interfacial adhesion between fibers and resin. The flexural strength (Fs) and flexural modulus (Ey) of the composites decreased slightly as the thickness of PMMA shell increasing. Sustained fluoride releases with minor initial burst release were achieved from NaF-loaded <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanofibers and the corresponding composites, which was quite different from the case of embedding NaF nanocrystals into the dental resin directly. The study demonstrated that NaF-loaded PAN-PMMA <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanofibers were not only able to improve the mechanical properties of restorative resin, but also able to provide sustained fluoride release to help in preventing secondary caries. © 2013.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011HydJ...19..237A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011HydJ...19..237A"><span>Helium measurements of pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> obtained from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD, USA) drill <span class="hlt">cores</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ali, S.; Stute, M.; Torgersen, T.; Winckler, G.; Kennedy, B. M.</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>4He accumulated in <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is a well established geochemical tracer used to study crustal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics. Direct <span class="hlt">fluid</span> samples are not always collectable; therefore, a method to extract rare gases from matrix <span class="hlt">fluids</span> of whole rocks by diffusion has been adapted. Helium was measured on matrix <span class="hlt">fluids</span> extracted from sandstones and mudstones recovered during the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drilling in California, USA. Samples were typically collected as subcores or from drillcore fragments. Helium concentration and isotope ratios were measured 4-6 times on each sample, and indicate a bulk 4He diffusion coefficient of 3.5 ± 1.3 × 10-8 cm2 s-1 at 21°C, compared to previously published diffusion coefficients of 1.2 × 10-18 cm2 s-1 (21°C) to 3.0 × 10-15 cm2 s-1 (150°C) in the sands and clays. Correcting the diffusion coefficient of 4Hewater for matrix porosity (˜3%) and tortuosity (˜6-13) produces effective diffusion coefficients of 1 × 10-8 cm2 s-1 (21°C) and 1 × 10-7 (120°C), effectively isolating pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> 4He from the 4He contained in the rock matrix. Model calculations indicate that <6% of helium initially dissolved in pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> was lost during the sampling process. Complete and quantitative extraction of the pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> provide minimum in situ porosity values for sandstones 2.8 ± 0.4% (SD, n = 4) and mudstones 3.1 ± 0.8% (SD, n = 4).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70185547','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70185547"><span>A wireline piston <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel for sampling cohesionless sand and gravel below the water table</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Zapico, Michael M.; Vales, Samuel; Cherry, John A.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">coring</span> device has been developed to obtain long and minimally disturbed samples of saturated cohesionless sand and gravel. The <span class="hlt">coring</span> device, which includes a wireline and piston, was developed specifically for use during hollow-stem auger drilling but it also offers possibilities for cable tool and rotary drilling. The <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel consists of an inner liner made of inexpensive aluminum or plastic tubing, a piston for <span class="hlt">core</span> recovery, and an exterior steel housing that protects the liner when the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel is driven into the aquifer. The <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel, which is approximately 1.6m (5.6 feet) long, is advanced ahead of the lead auger by hammering at the surface on drill rods that are attached to the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel. After the sampler has been driven 1.5m (5 feet), the drill rods are detached and a wireline is used to hoist the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel, with the sample contained in the aluminum or plastic liner, to the surface. A vacuum developed by the piston during the <span class="hlt">coring</span> operation provides good recovery of both the sediment and aquifer <span class="hlt">fluids</span> contained in the sediment. In the field the sample tubes can be easily split along their length for on-site inspection or they can be capped with the pore water <span class="hlt">fluids</span> inside and transported to the laboratory. The <span class="hlt">cores</span> are 5cm (2 inches) in diameter by 1.5m (5 feet) long. <span class="hlt">Core</span> acquisition to depths of 35m (115 feet), with a recovery greater than 90 percent, has become routine in University of Waterloo aquifer studies. A large diameter (12.7cm [5 inch]) version has also been used successfully. Nearly continuous sample sequences from sand and gravel aquifers have been obtained for studies of sedimentology, hydraulic conductivity, hydrogeochemistry and microbiology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060041168&hterms=gravity+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dgravity%2Bearth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060041168&hterms=gravity+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dgravity%2Bearth"><span>Satellite Gravity and the Geosphere: Contributions to the Study of the Solid Earth and Its <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Earth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dickey, J. O.; Bentley, C. R.; Bilham, R.; Carton, J. A.; Eanes, R. J.; Herring, T. A.; Kaula, W. M.; Lagerloef, G. S. E.; Rojstaczer, S.; Smith, W. H. F.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20060041168'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20060041168_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20060041168_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20060041168_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20060041168_hide"></p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>The Earth is a dynamic system-it has a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, mobile atmosphere and oceans, a continually changing distribution of ice, snow, and groundwater, a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> undergoing hydromagnetic motion, a mantle undergoing both thermal convection and rebound from glacial loading of the last ice age, and mobile tectonic plates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064635','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064635"><span>Recent changes of the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> derived from satellite observations of magnetic and gravity fields.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mandea, Mioara; Panet, Isabelle; Lesur, Vincent; de Viron, Olivier; Diament, Michel; Le Mouël, Jean-Louis</p> <p>2012-11-20</p> <p>To understand the dynamics of the Earth's <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, iron-rich outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, only indirect observations are available. The Earth's magnetic field, originating mainly within the <span class="hlt">core</span>, and its temporal variations can be used to infer the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motion at the top of the <span class="hlt">core</span>, on a decadal and subdecadal time-scale. Gravity variations resulting from changes in the mass distribution within the Earth may also occur on the same time-scales. Such variations include the signature of the flow inside the <span class="hlt">core</span>, though they are largely dominated by the water cycle contributions. Our study is based on 8 y of high-resolution, high-accuracy magnetic and gravity satellite data, provided by the CHAMP and GRACE missions. From the newly derived geomagnetic models we have computed the <span class="hlt">core</span> magnetic field, its temporal variations, and the <span class="hlt">core</span> flow evolution. From the GRACE CNES/GRGS series of time variable geoid models, we have obtained interannual gravity models by using specifically designed postprocessing techniques. A correlation analysis between the magnetic and gravity series has demonstrated that the interannual changes in the second time derivative of the <span class="hlt">core</span> magnetic field under a region from the Atlantic to Indian Ocean coincide in phase with changes in the gravity field. The order of magnitude of these changes and proposed correlation are plausible, compatible with a <span class="hlt">core</span> origin; however, a complete theoretical model remains to be built. Our new results and their broad geophysical significance could be considered when planning new Earth observation space missions and devising more sophisticated Earth's interior models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560346','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560346"><span>Theoretical models for supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> extraction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Zhen; Shi, Xiao-Han; Jiang, Wei-Juan</p> <p>2012-08-10</p> <p>For the proper design of supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> extraction processes, it is essential to have a sound knowledge of the mass transfer mechanism of the extraction process and the appropriate mathematical representation. In this paper, the advances and applications of kinetic models for describing supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> extraction from various solid matrices have been presented. The theoretical models overviewed here include the hot ball diffusion, broken and intact cell, shrinking <span class="hlt">core</span> and some relatively simple models. Mathematical representations of these models have been in detail interpreted as well as their assumptions, parameter identifications and application examples. Extraction process of the analyte solute from the solid matrix by means of supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> includes the dissolution of the analyte from the solid, the analyte diffusion in the matrix and its transport to the bulk supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Mechanisms involved in a mass transfer model are discussed in terms of external mass transfer resistance, internal mass transfer resistance, solute-solid interactions and axial dispersion. The correlations of the external mass transfer coefficient and axial dispersion coefficient with certain dimensionless numbers are also discussed. Among these models, the broken and intact cell model seems to be the most relevant mathematical model as it is able to provide realistic description of the plant material structure for better understanding the mass-transfer kinetics and thus it has been widely employed for modeling supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> extraction of natural matters. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1944b0036W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1944b0036W"><span>Study on movable <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of low permeability reservoir with NMR technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Hongqian; Li, Yajun; Gong, Houjian; Dong, Mingzhe</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> mobility is an important factor affecting the development of low permeability reservoirs. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mobility of 4 <span class="hlt">core</span> samples obtained from the Shahejie group of Dongying Sag(China) is conducted using the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis technique. The main part of NMR T2 spectrum usually has two form: unimodal and bimodal. When the main part of T2 spectrum is bimodal, water in large pores flows out firstly, while water in small pores can't flow until the centrifugal force is large enough. When the main part of T2 spectrum is unimodal, the water in small pores is easier to flow out. The movable <span class="hlt">fluid</span> percentage is mainly affected by the pore distribution, permeability and porosity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMDI31A1788H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMDI31A1788H"><span>Two-Phase Dynamics Simulations of the Growth and Instability of Earth's Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hernlund, J. W.; Jellinek, M.; Labrosse, S.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>When the center of Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> began to freeze from a homogeneous liquid 1-2 billion years ago, its constitution was very likely that of a mushy region. As this incipient inner <span class="hlt">core</span> grew by further crystallization of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, an increase in gravity force allowed for the solid grains to compress against one another, undergo viscous compaction, and begin to expel remnant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> out of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> by percolation. Meanwhile, inside the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> the residual <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and solid remained in equilibrium, and any perturbations that resulted in upwelling of the deformable mush would also be accompanied by decompression melting. Upwelling and melting regions might then increase in liquid fraction, become less dense, and hence buoyant in a way that would propel them upward at a faster rate, setting up a runaway instability and partial Rayleigh-Taylor-like overturn of Earth's inner <span class="hlt">core</span>. Structures inherited from this event possibly include the distinct innermost inner <span class="hlt">core</span> posited by seismologists to exist at Earth's centermost 300-600 km. We use a new two-phase dynamics code to model this scenario in axi-symmetric geometry in order to understand whether and when such an instability occurred, what size the <span class="hlt">core</span> will have been at the onset of instability, and the degree and style of deformation that would have accompanied this episode. We have found that the growth of instability competes with the rate of background melt percolation, such that the instability would only have occurred after the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> reaches a critical size and expelled a certain amount of liquid from its interior. A linear stability analysis confirms that there is a critical Rayleigh number for the onset of instability at a given radius. The combined constraints show that the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> is guaranteed to have undergone this kind of instability, at a time and strength governed solely by physical properties such as grain size, density differences between liquid and solid, and viscosities of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040040130&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040040130&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>Density Anomalies in the Mantle and the Gravitational <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Mantle Interaction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kuang, Weijia; Liu, Lanbo</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Seismic studies suggest that the bulk of the mantle is heterogeneous, with density variations in depth as well as in horizontal directions (latitude and longitude). This density variation produces a three- dimensional gravity field throughout the Earth. On the other hand, the <span class="hlt">core</span> density also varies in both time and space, due to convective <span class="hlt">core</span> flow. Consequently, the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> and the solid mantle interact gravitationally due to the mass anomalies in both regions. This gravitational <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle interaction could play a significant role in exchange of angular momentum between the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the mantle, and thus the change in Earth's rotation on time scales of decades and longer. Aiming at estimating the significance of the gravitational <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle interaction on Earth's rotation variation, we introduce in our MoSST <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamics model a heterogeneous mantle, with a density distribution derived from seismic results. In this model, the <span class="hlt">core</span> convection is driven by the buoyancy forces. And the density variation is determined dynamically with the convection. Numerical simulation is carried out with different parameter values, intending to extrapolate numerical results for geophysical implications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22403229-spreading-ferrofluid-core-three-stream-micromixer-channels','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22403229-spreading-ferrofluid-core-three-stream-micromixer-channels"><span>Spreading of a ferrofluid <span class="hlt">core</span> in three-stream micromixer channels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhaomeng; Varma, V. B.; Ramanujan, R. V., E-mail: ramanujan@ntu.edu.sg</p> <p>2015-05-15</p> <p>Spreading of a water based ferrofluid <span class="hlt">core</span>, cladded by a diamagnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, in three-stream micromixer channels was studied. This spreading, induced by an external magnetic field, is known as magnetofluidic spreading (MFS). MFS is useful for various novel applications where control of <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> interface is desired, such as micromixers or micro-chemical reactors. However, fundamental aspects of MFS are still unclear, and a model without correction factors is lacking. Hence, in this work, both experimental and numerical analyses were undertaken to study MFS. We show that MFS increased for higher applied magnetic fields, slower flow speed of both <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, smaller flowmore » rate of ferrofluid relative to cladding, and higher initial magnetic particle concentration. Spreading, mainly due to connective diffusion, was observed mostly near the channel walls. Our multi-physics model, which combines magnetic and fluidic analyses, showed, for the first time, excellent agreement between theory and experiment. These results can be useful for lab-on-a-chip devices.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhFl...27e2004W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhFl...27e2004W"><span>Spreading of a ferrofluid <span class="hlt">core</span> in three-stream micromixer channels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhaomeng; Varma, V. B.; Xia, Huan Ming; Wang, Z. P.; Ramanujan, R. V.</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Spreading of a water based ferrofluid <span class="hlt">core</span>, cladded by a diamagnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, in three-stream micromixer channels was studied. This spreading, induced by an external magnetic field, is known as magnetofluidic spreading (MFS). MFS is useful for various novel applications where control of <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> interface is desired, such as micromixers or micro-chemical reactors. However, fundamental aspects of MFS are still unclear, and a model without correction factors is lacking. Hence, in this work, both experimental and numerical analyses were undertaken to study MFS. We show that MFS increased for higher applied magnetic fields, slower flow speed of both <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, smaller flow rate of ferrofluid relative to cladding, and higher initial magnetic particle concentration. Spreading, mainly due to connective diffusion, was observed mostly near the channel walls. Our multi-physics model, which combines magnetic and fluidic analyses, showed, for the first time, excellent agreement between theory and experiment. These results can be useful for lab-on-a-chip devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAG...152...48Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAG...152...48Y"><span>Successive measurements of streaming potential and electroosmotic pressure with the same <span class="hlt">core</span>-holder</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yin, Chenggang; Hu, Hengshan; Yu, Chunhao; Wang, Jun</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Successive measurements of the streaming potential and electroosmotic pressure of each <span class="hlt">core</span> sample are important for understanding the mechanisms of electrokinetic effects. In previous studies, one plug of the <span class="hlt">core</span>-holder needs to be replaced in these two experiments, which causes the change of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> parameters and the boundary conditions in the <span class="hlt">core</span>. We design a new <span class="hlt">core</span>-holder to permit successive experiments without plug replacement, which ensures the consistency of the measurement environment. A two-direction harmonic pressure-driving source is accordingly designed. Using this new equipment, electrokinetic experiments conducted ten <span class="hlt">core</span> samples at 0.4 mol/L NaCl solution. The results show good agreement between the electrokinetically deduced permeability and premeasured gas permeability. For high salinity saturated samples, the permeability can be inverted from electroosmotic effect instead of the streaming potential.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910026461&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910026461&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>Lateral temperature variations at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary deduced from the magnetic field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bloxham, Jeremy; Jackson, Andrew</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Recent studies of the secular variation of the earth's magnetic field over periods of a few centuries have suggested that the pattern of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motion near the surface of earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span> may be strongly influenced by lateral temperature variations in the lowermost mantle. This paper introduces a self-consistent method for finding the temperature variations near the <span class="hlt">core</span> surface by assuming that the dynamical balance there is geostrophic and that lateral density variations there are thermal in origin. As expected, the lateral temperature variations are very small. Some agreement is found between this pattern and the pattern of topography of the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary, but this does not conclusively answer to what extent <span class="hlt">core</span> surface motions are controlled by the mantle, rather than being determined by processes in the <span class="hlt">core</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377920','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377920"><span>Raman imaging of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions in garnet from UHPM rocks (Kokchetav massif, Northern Kazakhstan).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Korsakov, Andrey V; Dieing, Thomas; Golovin, Aleksandr V; Toporski, Jan</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>Confocal Raman imaging of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions in garnet porphyroblasts from diamond-grade metamorphic calc-silicate rocks from the Kumdy-Kol microdiamond deposit (Kokchetav Massif, Northern Kazakhstan) reveals that these <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions consist of almost pure water with different step-daughter phases (e.g., calcite, mica and rare quartz). These <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions are characterized by negative crystal shape of the host-garnet and they exclusively occur within the <span class="hlt">core</span> of garnet porphyroblasts. These observations are consistent with their primary origin, most likely at ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic conditions. The euhedral newly formed garnet, different in color and composition, was found to be associated with these <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions. It is proposed that newly formed garnet and water <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions appear by reaction between the hydrous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and the garnet-host. These <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions provide an unequivocal record of almost pure H(2)O <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, indicating water-saturated conditions within subducted continental crust during prograde stage and/or ultrahigh-P metamorphism. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PEPI..152...22B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PEPI..152...22B"><span>Numerical models of the Earth’s thermal history: Effects of inner-<span class="hlt">core</span> solidification and <span class="hlt">core</span> potassium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Butler, S. L.; Peltier, W. R.; Costin, S. O.</p> <p>2005-09-01</p> <p>Recently there has been renewed interest in the evolution of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and in the possibility that radioactive potassium might be found in significant quantities in the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The arguments for <span class="hlt">core</span> potassium come from considerations of the age of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and the energy required to sustain the geodynamo [Nimmo, F., Price, G.D., Brodholt, J., Gubbins, D., 2004. The influence of potassium on <span class="hlt">core</span> and geodynamo evolution. Geophys. J. Int. 156, 363-376; Labrosse, S., Poirier, J.-P., Le Mouël, J.-L., 2001. The age of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 190, 111-123; Labrosse, S., 2003. Thermal and magnetic evolution of the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>. Phys. Earth Planet Int. 140, 127-143; Buffett, B.A., 2003. The thermal state of Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>. Science 299, 1675-1677] and from new high pressure physics analyses [Lee, K., Jeanloz, R., 2003. High-pressure alloying of potassium and iron: radioactivity in the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>? Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 (23); Murthy, V.M., van Westrenen, W., Fei, Y.W., 2003. Experimental evidence that potassium is a substantial radioactive heat source in planetary <span class="hlt">cores</span>. Nature 423, 163-165; Gessmann, C.K., Wood, B.J., 2002. Potassium in the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>? Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 200, 63-78]. The Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> is also located at the lower boundary of the convecting mantle and the presence of radioactive heat sources in the <span class="hlt">core</span> will affect the flux of heat between these two regions and will, as a result, have a significant impact on the Earth's thermal history. In this paper, we present Earth thermal history simulations in which we calculate <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in a spherical shell representing the mantle, coupled with a <span class="hlt">core</span> of a given heat capacity with varying degrees of internal heating in the form of K40 and varying initial <span class="hlt">core</span> temperatures. The mantle model includes the effects of the temperature dependence of viscosity, decaying radioactive heat sources, and mantle phase transitions. The <span class="hlt">core</span> model includes the thermal effects of inner <span class="hlt">core</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CRGeo.346...13M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CRGeo.346...13M"><span>Percolation of diagenetic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the Archaean basement of the Franceville basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mouélé, Idalina Moubiya; Dudoignon, Patrick; Albani, Abderrazak El; Cuney, Michel; Boiron, Marie-Christine; Gauthier-Lafaye, François</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The Palaeoproterozoic Franceville basin, Gabon, is mainly known for its high-grade uranium deposits, which are the only ones known to act as natural nuclear fission reactors. Previous work in the Kiéné region investigated the nature of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> responsible for these natural nuclear reactors. The present work focuses on the top of the Archaean granitic basement, specifically, to identify and date the successive alteration events that affected this basement just below the unconformity separating it from the Palaeoproterozoic basin. <span class="hlt">Core</span> from four drill holes crosscutting the basin-basement unconformity have been studied. Dating is based on U-Pb isotopic analyses performed on monazite. The origin of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is discussed from the study of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion planes (FIP) in quartz from basement granitoids. From the deepest part of the drill holes to the unconformable boundary with the basin, propylitic alteration assemblages are progressively replaced by illite and locally by a phengite + Fe chlorite ± Fe oxide assemblage. Illitic alteration is particularly strong along the sediment-granitoid contact and is associated with quartz dissolution. It was followed by calcite and anhydrite precipitation as fracture fillings. U-Pb isotopic dating outlines three successive events: a 3.0-2.9-Ga primary magmatic event, a 2.6-Ga propylitic alteration and a late 1.9-Ga diagenetic event. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion microthermometry suggests the circulation of three types of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>: (1) a Na-Ca-rich diagenetic brine, (2) a moderately saline (diagenetic + meteoric) <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and (3) a low-salinity <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of probable meteoric origin. These <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are similar to those previously identified within the overlying sedimentary rocks of the Franceville basin. Overall, the data collected in this study show that the Proterozoic-Archaean unconformity has operated as a major flow corridor for <span class="hlt">fluids</span> circulation, around 1.9 Ga. highly saline diagenetic brines; hydrocarbon-rich <span class="hlt">fluids</span> derived from organic matter</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919331R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919331R"><span>Numerical modeling of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in a fault zone: a case of study from Majella Mountain (Italy).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Romano, Valentina; Battaglia, Maurizio; Bigi, Sabina; De'Haven Hyman, Jeffrey; Valocchi, Albert J.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The study of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in fractured rocks plays a key role in reservoir management, including CO2 sequestration and waste isolation. We present a numerical model of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in a fault zone, based on field data acquired in Majella Mountain, in the Central Apennines (Italy). This fault zone is considered a good analogue for the massive presence of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration in the form of tar. Faults are mechanical features and cause permeability heterogeneities in the upper crust, so they strongly influence <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. The distribution of the main components (<span class="hlt">core</span>, damage zone) can lead the fault zone to act as a conduit, a barrier, or a combined conduit-barrier system. We integrated existing information and our own structural surveys of the area to better identify the major fault features (e.g., type of fractures, statistical properties, geometrical and petro-physical characteristics). In our model the damage zones of the fault are described as discretely fractured medium, while the <span class="hlt">core</span> of the fault as a porous one. Our model utilizes the dfnWorks code, a parallelized computational suite, developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), that generates three dimensional Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) of the damage zones of the fault and characterizes its hydraulic parameters. The challenge of the study is the coupling between the discrete domain of the damage zones and the continuum one of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The field investigations and the basic computational workflow will be described, along with preliminary results of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow simulation at the scale of the fault.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PhDT.......204K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PhDT.......204K"><span>Nonlinear interfacial stability of <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular film flows in the presence of surfactants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kas-Danouche, Said A.</p> <p></p> <p>This work is an analytical and computational study of the nonlinear interfacial instabilities found in <span class="hlt">core</span>-annular flows in the presence of surfactants. <span class="hlt">Core</span>-annular flows arise when two immiscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (for example water and oil) are caused to flow in a pipe under the action of an axial pressure gradient. In one typical type of flow regime, the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> arrange themselves so that the less viscous (e.g. water) lies in the region of high shear near the pipe wall, with the more viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> occupying the <span class="hlt">core</span> region. Technologically, this arrangement provides an advantage since the highly viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is lubricated by the less viscous annulus and for a given pressure gradient the <span class="hlt">core-fluid</span> flux can be greatly increased. The stability of these flows is of fundamental scientific and practical importance. The sharp interface between the two phases can become unstable by several physical mechanisms and one such mechanism of practical importance is surface tension. In this work we incorporate into our model the effects of insoluble surfactants on the instability. The full problem is derived with particular emphasis paid to the surfactant transport equation which is novel. We then carry out an asymptotic solution of the problem when the annular layer is thin compared to the <span class="hlt">core-fluid</span> radius and for waves which are of the order of the pipe radius (that is long compared to the annular layer thickness); these scales are in accord with both linear theory as well as experimental observations. The result of the matched asymptotic analysis is a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for the interfacial amplitude and the surfactant concentration on the interface. In the absence of surfactants, the system reduces to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation which has been extensively studied as a paradigm for one-dimensional turbulence in dissipative systems. The surfactant modifies the flow by inducing Marangoni forces along the interface which in turn modify both</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA568031','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA568031"><span>Computational <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics for Atmospheric Entry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-09-01</p> <p>equations. This method is a parallelizable variant of the Gauss - Seidel line-relaxation method of MacCormack (Ref. 33, 35), and is at the <span class="hlt">core</span> of the...G.V. Candler, “The Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations Gauss - Seidel Line Relaxation,” Computers and <span class="hlt">Fluids</span>, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1989, pp. 135-150. 35... solution differs by 5% from the results obtained using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method . 3 Some authors advocate the use of higher-order continuum</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....8191B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....8191B"><span>Properties of iron under <span class="hlt">core</span> conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brown, J. M.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>Underlying an understanding of the geodynamo and evolution of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of iron and iron mixtures under high pressure and temperature conditions. Key properties include the viscosity of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, thermal diffusivity, equations-of-state, elastic properties of solid phases, and phase equilibria for iron and iron-dominated mixtures. As is expected for work that continues to tax technological and intellectual limits, controversy has followed both experimental and theoretical progress in this field. However, estimates for the melting temperature of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> show convergence and the equation-of-state for iron as determined in independent experiments and theories are in remarkable accord. Furthermore, although the structure and elastic properties of the solid inner-<span class="hlt">core</span> phase remains uncertain, theoretical and experimental underpinnings are better understood and substantial progress is likely in the near future. This talk will focus on an identification of properties that are reasonably well known and those that merit further detailed study. In particular, both theoretical and experimental (static and shock wave) determinations of the density of iron under extreme conditions are in agreement at the 1% or better level. The behavior of the Gruneisen parameter (which determines the geothermal gradient and controls much of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> heat flux) is constrained by experiment and theory under <span class="hlt">core</span> conditions for both solid and liquid phases. Recent experiments and theory are suggestive of structure or structures other than the high-pressure hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase. Various theories and experiments for the elasticity of HCP iron remain in poor accord. Uncontroversial constraints on <span class="hlt">core</span> chemistry will likely never be possible. However, reasonable bounds are possible on the basis of seismic profiles, geochemical arguments, and determinations of sound velocities and densities at high pressure and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25686913','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25686913"><span>Towards a smart non-invasive <span class="hlt">fluid</span> loss measurement system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Suryadevara, N K; Mukhopadhyay, S C; Barrack, L</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>In this article, a smart wireless sensing non-invasive system for estimating the amount of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> loss, a person experiences while physical activity is presented. The system measures three external body parameters, Heart Rate, Galvanic Skin Response (GSR, or skin conductance), and Skin Temperature. These three parameters are entered into an empirically derived formula along with the user's body mass index, and estimation for the amount of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> lost is determined. The <span class="hlt">core</span> benefit of the developed system is the affluence usage in combining with smart home monitoring systems to care elderly people in ambient assisted living environments as well in automobiles to monitor the body parameters of a motorist.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893692','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893692"><span>Formation of mannitol <span class="hlt">core</span> microparticles for sustained release with lipid coating in a mini <span class="hlt">fluid</span> bed system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Bifeng; Friess, Wolfgang</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The goal of this study was to prepare sustained release microparticles for methyl blue and aspartame as sparingly and freely water-soluble model drugs by lipid film coating in a Mini-Glatt <span class="hlt">fluid</span> bed, and to assess the effect of coating load of two of lipids, hard fat and glyceryl stearate, on the release rates. 30g drug-loaded mannitol carrier microparticles with average diameter of 500 or 300μm were coated with 5g, 10g, 20g and 30g lipids, respectively. The model drugs were completely released in vitro through pores which mainly resulted from dissolution of the polyol <span class="hlt">core</span> beads. The release of methyl blue from microparticles based on 500μm carrier beads extended up to 25days, while aspartame release from microparticles formed from 300μm carrier beads was extended to 7days. Although glyceryl stearate exhibits higher wettability, burst and release rates were similar for the two lipid materials. Polymorphic transformation of the hart fat was observed upon release. The lipid-coated microparticles produced with 500μm carrier beads showed slightly lower burst release compared to the microparticles produced with 300μm carrier beads as they carried relatively thicker lipid layer based on an equivalent lipid to mannitol ratio. Aspartame microparticles showed a much faster release than methyl blue due to the higher water-solubility of aspartame. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20649896','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20649896"><span>A randomised single blinded study of the administration of pre-warmed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> vs active <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warming on the incidence of peri-operative hypothermia in short surgical procedures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Andrzejowski, J C; Turnbull, D; Nandakumar, A; Gowthaman, S; Eapen, G</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>We compared the effect of delivering <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warmed using two methods in 76 adult patients having short duration surgery. All patients received a litre of crystalloid delivered either at room temperature, warmed using an in-line warming device or pre-warmed in a warming cabinet for at least 8 h. The tympanic temperature of those receiving <span class="hlt">fluid</span> at room temperature was 0.4 °C lower on arrival in recovery when compared with those receiving <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from a warming cabinet (p = 0.008). <span class="hlt">Core</span> temperature was below the hypothermic threshold of 36.0 °C in seven (14%) patients receiving either type of warm <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, compared to eight (32%) patients receiving <span class="hlt">fluid</span> at room temperature (p = 0.03). The administration of 1 l warmed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to patients having short duration general anaesthesia results in higher postoperative temperatures. Pre-warmed <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, administered within 30 min of its removal from a warming cabinet, is as efficient at preventing peri-operative hypothermia as that delivered through an in-line warming system. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313578','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313578"><span>Molecular analysis of bacterial diversity in kerosene-based drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from the deep ice borehole at Vostok, East Antarctica.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alekhina, Irina A; Marie, Dominique; Petit, Jean Robert; Lukin, Valery V; Zubkov, Vladimir M; Bulat, Sergey A</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>Decontamination of ice <span class="hlt">cores</span> is a critical issue in phylogenetic studies of glacial ice and subglacial lakes. At the Vostok drill site, a total of 3650 m of ice <span class="hlt">core</span> have now been obtained from the East Antarctic ice sheet. The ice <span class="hlt">core</span> surface is coated with a hard-to-remove film of impure drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> comprising a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and foranes. In the present study we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the bacterial content of the Vostok drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sampled from four depths in the borehole. Six phylotypes were identified in three of four samples studied. The two dominant phylotypes recovered from the deepest (3400 and 3600 m) and comparatively warm (-10 degrees C and -6 degrees C, respectively) borehole horizons were from within the genus Sphingomonas, a well-known degrader of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The remaining phylotypes encountered in all samples proved to be human- or soil-associated bacteria and were presumed to be drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contaminants of rare occurrence. The results obtained indicate the persistence of bacteria in extremely cold, hydrocarbon-rich environments. They show the potential for contamination of ice and subglacial water samples during lake exploration, and the need to develop a microbiological database of drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000013936&hterms=Magnetic+Flux&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2BFlux','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000013936&hterms=Magnetic+Flux&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2BFlux"><span>Resolving Magnetic Flux Patches at the Surface of the <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>OBrien, Michael S.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>The geomagnetic field at a given epoch can be used to partition the surface of the liquid outer <span class="hlt">core</span> into a finite number of contiguous regions in which the radial component of the magnetic flux density, B (sub r), is of one sign. These flux patches are instrumental in providing detail to surface <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows inferred from the changing geomagnetic field and in evaluating the validity of the frozen-flux approximation on which such inferences rely. Most of the flux patches in models of the modem field are small and enclose little flux compared to the total unsigned flux emanating from the <span class="hlt">core</span>. To demonstrate that such patches are not required to explain the most spatially complete and accurate data presently available, those from the Magsat mission, I have constructed a smooth <span class="hlt">core</span> field model that fits the Magsat data but does not possess small flux patches. I conclude that our present knowledge of the geomagnetic field does not allow us to resolve these features reliably at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary; thus we possess less information about <span class="hlt">core</span> flow than previously believed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1350059-direct-observation-growth-au-pd-core-shell-nanoparticles-using-situ-low-dose-liquid-cell-stem-imaging','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1350059-direct-observation-growth-au-pd-core-shell-nanoparticles-using-situ-low-dose-liquid-cell-stem-imaging"><span>Direct Observation of the Growth of Au-Pd <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Shell Nanoparticles Using in situ Low-Dose Liquid Cell STEM imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Bhattarai, Nabraj; Prozorov, Tanya</p> <p>2016-07-25</p> <p>Bimetallic <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts in several industrial reactions, with <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structures permitting facile surface modification and allowing increased stability and durability, and cost-effectiveness of the catalysts. We report, for the first time, on observing the early stages of the formation of Au-Pd <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell bimetallic nanoparticles via the seed-mediated growth in the presence of reducing agent, while employing the low-dose scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging with the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cell in situ. Use of the continuous flow in situ <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cell platform allows for delivery of reagent solutions and generation of near-native reaction environment in the reaction chamber,more » and permits direct visualization of the early stages of formation of Au-Pd <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structures at low dose rate (0.1 e -/(Å 2s)) in the presence of ascorbic acid. No <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structures were detected in the absence of reducing agent at the electron dose of 32.6 e -/Å 2. While the <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structures formed in situ under the low-dose imaging closely resemble those obtained in solution synthesis, the reaction kinetics in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cell is affected by the radiolysis of liquid reagents induced by electron beam, altering the rate-determining reaction steps. The enhanced reduction of Pd ions leads to initial rapid growth of the nascent Pd shell along the <111> direction at the Au interface, followed by a slower rearrangement of the outer Pd layer. The latter becomes the rate-determining step in the in situ reaction and appears to follow the oriented attachment-like movement to yield a remodeled, compact and stable Au-Pd <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanostructure. Our findings highlight the differences between the two reaction pathways and aid in understanding the mechanism of formation of the <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanostructure in situ.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4671606','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4671606"><span>Rheological and Performance Research on a Regenerable Polyvinyl Alcohol Fracturing <span class="hlt">Fluid</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shang, Xiaosen; Ding, Yunhong; Wang, Yonghui; Yang, Lifeng</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>A regenerable polyvinyl alcohol/organic boron fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> system with 1.6 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and 1.2 wt% organic boron (OBT) was studied, and its main regeneration mechanism is the reversible cross-linking reaction between B(OH)4 - and hydroxyl groups of PVOH as the change of pH. Results of rheology evaluations show that both the apparent viscosity and the thermal stability of the fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> decreased with the regeneration number of times increasing. In addition, the apparent viscosity of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> which was without regeneration was more sensitive to the shear action compared with that of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> with regeneration once or twice. When the fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was without regeneration, the elasticity was dominating due to the three-dimensional network structure of the formed gel; the viscosity gradually occupied the advantage when the fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was regenerated once or twice. The settling velocity of proppant was accelerated by both the regeneration process and the increasing temperature, but it was decelerated when the proppant ratio increased. Results of <span class="hlt">core</span> damage tests indicate that less permeability damage was caused by the PVOH/OBT fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compared with that caused by the guar gum fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> after gel breaking. PMID:26641857</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641857','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641857"><span>Rheological and Performance Research on a Regenerable Polyvinyl Alcohol Fracturing <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shang, Xiaosen; Ding, Yunhong; Wang, Yonghui; Yang, Lifeng</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>A regenerable polyvinyl alcohol/organic boron fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> system with 1.6 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and 1.2 wt% organic boron (OBT) was studied, and its main regeneration mechanism is the reversible cross-linking reaction between B(OH)4- and hydroxyl groups of PVOH as the change of pH. Results of rheology evaluations show that both the apparent viscosity and the thermal stability of the fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> decreased with the regeneration number of times increasing. In addition, the apparent viscosity of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> which was without regeneration was more sensitive to the shear action compared with that of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> with regeneration once or twice. When the fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was without regeneration, the elasticity was dominating due to the three-dimensional network structure of the formed gel; the viscosity gradually occupied the advantage when the fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was regenerated once or twice. The settling velocity of proppant was accelerated by both the regeneration process and the increasing temperature, but it was decelerated when the proppant ratio increased. Results of <span class="hlt">core</span> damage tests indicate that less permeability damage was caused by the PVOH/OBT fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compared with that caused by the guar gum fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> after gel breaking.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G11A0697W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G11A0697W"><span>The Effects of <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Mantle Interactions on Earth Rotation, Surface Deformation, and Gravity Changes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Watkins, A.; Gross, R. S.; Fu, Y.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The length-of-day (LOD) contains a 6-year signal, the cause of which is currently unknown. The signal remains after removing tidal and surface <span class="hlt">fluid</span> effects, thus the cause is generally believed to be angular momentum exchange between the mantle and <span class="hlt">core</span>. Previous work has established a theoretical relationship between pressure variations at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB) and resulting deformation of the overlying mantle and crust. This study examines globally distributed GPS deformation data in search of this effect, and inverts the discovered global inter-annual component for the CMB pressure variations. The geostrophic assumption is then used to obtain <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow solutions at the edge of the <span class="hlt">core</span> from the CMB pressure variations. Taylor's constraint is applied to obtain the flow deeper within the <span class="hlt">core</span>, and the equivalent angular momentum and LOD changes are computed and compared to the known 6-year LOD signal. The amplitude of the modeled and measured LOD changes agree, but the degree of period and phase agreement is dependent upon the method of isolating the desired component in the GPS position data. Implications are discussed, and predictions are calculated for surface gravity field changes that would arise from the CMB pressure variations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912617T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912617T"><span>Fast <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-flow events within a subduction-related vein system in oceanic eclogite: implications for pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure at the plate interface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taetz, Stephan; John, Timm; Bröcker, Michael; Spandler, Carl; Stracke, Andreas</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>A better understanding of the subduction zone <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cycle and its mechanical feedback requires in-depth knowledge of how <span class="hlt">fluids</span> flow within and out of the descending slabs. In order to develop reliable quantitative models of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow, the general relationship between dehydration reactions, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pathway formation, and the dimensions and timescales of distinct <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow events have to be explored. The high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic rocks of the Pouébo Eclogite Mélange in New Caledonia provide an excellent opportunity to study the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flux in a subduction zone setting. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> dynamics are recorded by high-pressure veins that cross-cut eclogite facies mélange blocks from this occurrence. Two types of garnet-quartz-phengite veins can be distinguished. These veins record both synmetamorphic internal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> release by mineral breakdown reactions (type I veins) as well as infiltration of an external <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (type II veins) and the associated formation of a reaction halo. The overall dehydration, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> accumulation and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration documented by the type I veins occurred on a timescale of 10^5-106 years that is mainly given by the geometry and convergence rate of the subduction system. In order to quantify the timeframe of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction between the external <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and the wall-rock, we have applied Li-isotope chronology. A continuous profile was sampled perpendicular to a type II vein including material from the vein, the reaction selvage and the immediate host rock. Additional drill <span class="hlt">cores</span> were taken from parts of the outcrop that most likely remained completely unaffected by <span class="hlt">fluid</span> infiltration-induced alteration. Different Li concentrations in the internal and external <span class="hlt">fluid</span> reservoirs produced a distinct diffusion profile of decreasing Li concentration and increasing δ7Li as the reaction front propagated into the host-rock. Li-chronometric constraints indicate that <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction related to the formation of the type II veins and had</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9187S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9187S"><span>Diamond formation through isochemical cooling of CHO <span class="hlt">fluids</span> vs redox buffering: examples from Marange peridotitic and Zimmi eclogitic diamonds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smit, Karen V.; Stachel, Thomas; Stern, Richard A.; Shirey, Steven B.; Steele, Andrew</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Traditional models for diamond formation within the lithospheric mantle invoke either carbonate reduction or methane oxidation. Both these mechanisms require some oxygen exchange with the surrounding wall-rock at the site of diamond precipitation. However, peridotite does not have sufficient buffering capacity to allow for diamond formation via these traditional models and instead peridotitic diamonds may form through isochemical cooling of H2O-rich CHO <span class="hlt">fluids</span> [1]. Marange mixed-habit diamonds from eastern Zimbabwe provide the first natural confirmation of this new diamond growth model [2]. Although Marange diamonds do not contain any silicate or sulphide inclusions, they contain Ni-N-vacancy complexes detected through photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy that suggest the source <span class="hlt">fluids</span> equilibrated in the Ni-rich depleted peridotitic lithosphere. Cuboid sectors also contain abundant micro-inclusions of CH4, the first direct observation of reduced CH4-rich <span class="hlt">fluids</span> that are thought to percolate through the lithospheric mantle [2]. In <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion-free diamonds, <span class="hlt">core</span>-to-rim trends in δ13C and N content are used to infer the speciation of the diamond-forming <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. <span class="hlt">Core</span> to rim trends of increasing δ13C with decreasing N content are interpreted as diamond growth from oxidized CO2- or carbonate-bearing <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Diamond growth from reduced species should show the opposite trends - decreasing δ13C from <span class="hlt">core</span> to rim with decreasing N content. Within the CH4-bearing growth sectors of Marange diamonds, however, such a 'reduced' trend is not observed. Rather, δ13C increases from <span class="hlt">core</span> to rim within a homogeneously grown zone [2]. These contradictory observations can be explained through either mixing between CH4- and CO2-rich end-members of hydrous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> [2] or through closed system precipitation from an already mixed CH4-CO2 H2O-maximum <span class="hlt">fluid</span> with XCO2 (CO2/[CO2+CH4]) between 0.3 and 0.7 [3]. These results demonstrate that Marange diamonds precipitated from cooling CH4-CO2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMDI13C..05H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMDI13C..05H"><span>Partial Melting in the Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hernlund, J. W.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The inner <span class="hlt">core</span> boundary (ICB) is often considered to be permeable to flow, because solid iron could melt as it upwells across the ICB. Such a mechanism has been proposed to accompany inner <span class="hlt">core</span> convective processes (including translation from a freezing to melting hemisphere), and has also been invoked to explain the formation of a dense Fe-rich liquid F-layer above the ICB. However, the conceptions of ICB melting invoked thus far are extremely simplistic, and neglect the many lessons learned from melting in other geological contexts. Owing to some degree of solid solution in relatively incompatible light alloys in solid iron, the onset of melting in the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> will likely occur as a partial melt, with the liquid being enriched in these light alloys relative to the co-existing solid. Such a partial melt is then subject to upward migration/percolation out of the solid matrix owing to the buoyancy of melt relative to solid. Removal of melt and viscous compaction of the pore space results in an iron-enriched dense solid, whose negative buoyancy will oppose whatever buoyancy forces initially gave rise to upwelling. Either the negative buoyancy will balance these other forces and cause upwelling to cease, or else the solid will become so depleted in light alloys that it is unable to undergo further melting. Thus a proper accounting of partial melting results in a very different melting regime in the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>, and suppression of upwelling across the ICB. Any <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that is able to escape into the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> from inner <span class="hlt">core</span> partial melting will likely be buoyant because in order to be a melt it should be enriched in incompatiable alloys relative to whatever is freezing at the ICB. Therefore inner <span class="hlt">core</span> melting is unlikely to contribute to the formation of an F-layer, but instead will tend to de-stabilize it. I will present models that illustrate these processes, and propose that the F-layer is a relic of incomplete mixing of the <span class="hlt">core</span> during Earth's final stages of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Litho.236....1S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Litho.236....1S"><span>Linking monazite geochronology with <span class="hlt">fluid</span> infiltration and metamorphic histories: Nature and experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shazia, J. R.; Harlov, D. E.; Suzuki, K.; Kim, S. W.; Girish-Kumar, M.; Hayasaka, Y.; Ishwar-Kumar, C.; Windley, B. F.; Sajeev, K.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Migmatised metapelites from the Kodaikanal region, central Madurai Block, southern India have undergone ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism (950-1000 °C; 7-8 kbar). In-situ electron microprobe Th-U-Pb isochron (CHIME) dating of monazites in a leucosome and surrounding silica-saturated and silica-poor restites from the same outcrop indicates three principal ages that can be linked to the evolutionary history of these rocks. Monazite grains from the silica-saturated restite have well-defined, inherited <span class="hlt">cores</span> with thick rims that yield an age of ca. 1684 Ma. This either dates the metamorphism of the original metapelite or is a detrital age of inherited monazite. Monazite grains from the silica-poor restite, thick rims from the silica-saturated restite, and monazite <span class="hlt">cores</span> from the leucosome have ages ranging from 520 to 540 Ma suggesting a mean age of 530 Ma within the error bars. In the leucosome the altered rim of the monazite gives an age of ca. 502 Ma. Alteration takes the form of Th-depleted lobes of monazite with sharp curvilinear boundaries extending from the monazite grain rim into the <span class="hlt">core</span>. We have replicated experimentally these altered rims in a monazite-leucosome experiment at 800 °C and 2 kbar. This experiment, coupled with earlier published monazite-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> experiments involving high pH alkali-bearing <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at high P-T, helps to confirm the idea that alkali-bearing <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, in the melt and along grain boundaries during crystallization, were responsible for the formation of the altered monazite grain rims via the process of coupled dissolution-reprecipitation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P13B1754M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P13B1754M"><span>Radius of lunar <span class="hlt">core</span> estimated by GRAIL results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matsumoto, K.; Yamada, R.; Kikuchi, F.; Iwata, T.; Hanada, H.; Ishihara, Y.; Kamata, S.; Sasaki, S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Internal structure and composition of the Moon provide important clue and constraints on theories for how the Moon formed and evolved. The Apollo seismic network has contributed to the internal structure modeling. Efforts have been made to detect the lunar <span class="hlt">core</span> from the noisy Apollo data (e.g., [1], [2]), but there is scant information about the structure below the deepest moonquakes at about 1000 km depth. On the other hand, there have been geodetic studies to infer the deep structure of the Moon. For example, LLR (Lunar Laser Ranging) data analyses detected a displacement of the lunar pole of rotation, indicating that dissipation is acting on the rotation arising from a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> [3]. Bayesian inversion using geodetic data (such as mass, moments of inertia, tidal Love numbers k2 and h2, and quality factor Q) also suggests a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> and partial melt in the lower mantle region [4]. Recent analyses of GRAIL data have achieved the improved k2 accuracy; JPL solution is 0.02405 × 0.00018 [5], and GSFC solution is 0.02427 × 0.00026 [6]. The two solutions are consistent with each other within their error bounds, and the accuracy of k2 is now about 1 %. Such an accurately-determined Love number will contribute to constrain the structure of the lunar deep interior, such as the radius of the possible liquid <span class="hlt">core</span>. We used geodetic data of the mass, the mean moment of inertia, the Love numbers h2 and k2 to infer the size of liquid <span class="hlt">core</span>. It is difficult to tightly constrain the internal structure from the geodetic data only because there are trade-offs among the structures of crust, mantle, and <span class="hlt">core</span>. In our preliminary analysis we used a 5-layer model and the mantle structure was constrained by VPREMOON [2] with 5 % error for density and 10 % error for shear and bulk moduli being assumed. An inversion using Markov chain Monte Carlo method indicates that the <span class="hlt">core</span> radius is 480 × 50 km, but the density values were sampled around the assumed lower limit of 3600 kg/m3. When</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990027454','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990027454"><span>Automated <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Feature Extraction from Transient Simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Haimes, Robert; Lovely, David</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>In the past, feature extraction and identification were interesting concepts, but not required to understand the underlying physics of a steady flow field. This is because the results of the more traditional tools like iso-surfaces, cuts and streamlines were more interactive and easily abstracted so they could be represented to the investigator. These tools worked and properly conveyed the collected information at the expense of much interaction. For unsteady flow-fields, the investigator does not have the luxury of spending time scanning only one "snap-shot" of the simulation. Automated assistance is required in pointing out areas of potential interest contained within the flow. This must not require a heavy compute burden (the visualization should not significantly slow down the solution procedure for co-processing environments like pV3). And methods must be developed to abstract the feature and display it in a manner that physically makes sense. The following is a list of the important physical phenomena found in transient (and steady-state) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow: (1) Shocks, (2) Vortex <span class="hlt">cores</span>, (3) Regions of recirculation, (4) Boundary layers, (5) Wakes. Three papers and an initial specification for the (The <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> eXtraction tool kit) FX Programmer's guide were included. The papers, submitted to the AIAA Computational <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics Conference, are entitled : (1) Using Residence Time for the Extraction of Recirculation Regions, (2) Shock Detection from Computational <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics results and (3) On the Velocity Gradient Tensor and <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Feature Extraction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3017490','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3017490"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> Temperature and Sweat Responses in Professional Women's Tennis Players During Tournament Play in the Heat</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tippet, Melissa L.; Stofan, John R.; Lacambra, Magie; Horswill, Craig A.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Context: Tennis is often played in hot, humid environments, intensifying the thermoregulatory strain placed on the athletes. As a safety measure, some tennis organizations allow for a 10-minute break in play between the second and third sets when environmental conditions are extreme. However, the actual effect of these breaks in reducing <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature is unknown. Objective: To determine change in <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature after a 10-minute break in play and assess <span class="hlt">fluid</span> balance in professional female tennis players during tournament matches in the heat. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A Women's Tennis Association Tour–sanctioned outdoor tournament on hard courts under hot conditions (30.3°C ± 2.3°C). Patients or Other Participants: Seven professional tennis players. Main Outcome Measure(s): Change in <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature after a 10-minute break in tournament play, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> intake, and sweat losses during match play. Results: <span class="hlt">Core</span> temperature was reduced from 38.92°C to 38.67°C (change of −0.25°C ± 0.20°C) when a break was taken (P = .02). Mean sweat rate during match play was 2.0 ± 0.5 L/h. During that time, mean <span class="hlt">fluid</span> intake was 1.5 ± 0.5 L/h, resulting in a 1.2% ± 1.0% reduction in body mass. Conclusions: Female professional tennis players are subjected to high heat loads during match play in hot environments. However, a 10-minute break in play decreased <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature in 6 of 7 players by an average of 0.25°C, indicating that the break provides practical benefits in the field. Furthermore, although mean sweat rate in this group of female tennis players was high, most athletes were still able to minimize mass loss to less than 2% of their prematch weight. PMID:21214351</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3820981','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3820981"><span>The first microbiological contamination assessment by deep-sea drilling and <span class="hlt">coring</span> by the D/V Chikyu at the Iheya North hydrothermal field in the Mid-Okinawa Trough (IODP Expedition 331)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yanagawa, Katsunori; Nunoura, Takuro; McAllister, Sean M.; Hirai, Miho; Breuker, Anja; Brandt, Leah; House, Christopher H.; Moyer, Craig L.; Birrien, Jean-Louis; Aoike, Kan; Sunamura, Michinari; Urabe, Tetsuro; Mottl, Michael J.; Takai, Ken</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 331 at the Iheya North hydrothermal system in the Mid-Okinawa Trough by the D/V Chikyu, we conducted microbiological contamination tests of the drilling and <span class="hlt">coring</span> operations. The contamination from the drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> was assessed using both perfluorocarbon tracers (PFT) and fluorescent microsphere beads. PFT infiltration was detected from the periphery of almost all whole round <span class="hlt">cores</span> (WRCs). By contrast, fluorescent microspheres were not detected in hydrothermally active <span class="hlt">core</span> samples, possibly due to thermal decomposition of the microspheres under high-temperature conditions. Microbial contamination from drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to the <span class="hlt">core</span> interior subsamples was further characterized by molecular-based evaluation. The microbial 16S rRNA gene phylotype compositions in the drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were mainly composed of sequences of Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and not archaeal sequences. The phylotypes that displayed more than 97% similarity to the sequences obtained from the drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were defined as possible contaminants in this study and were detected as minor components of the bacterial phylotype compositions in 13 of 37 <span class="hlt">core</span> samples. The degree of microbiological contamination was consistent with that determined by the PFT and/or microsphere assessments. This study suggests a constructive approach for evaluation and eliminating microbial contamination during riser-less drilling and <span class="hlt">coring</span> operations by the D/V Chikyu. PMID:24265628</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24265628','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24265628"><span>The first microbiological contamination assessment by deep-sea drilling and <span class="hlt">coring</span> by the D/V Chikyu at the Iheya North hydrothermal field in the Mid-Okinawa Trough (IODP Expedition 331).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yanagawa, Katsunori; Nunoura, Takuro; McAllister, Sean M; Hirai, Miho; Breuker, Anja; Brandt, Leah; House, Christopher H; Moyer, Craig L; Birrien, Jean-Louis; Aoike, Kan; Sunamura, Michinari; Urabe, Tetsuro; Mottl, Michael J; Takai, Ken</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 331 at the Iheya North hydrothermal system in the Mid-Okinawa Trough by the D/V Chikyu, we conducted microbiological contamination tests of the drilling and <span class="hlt">coring</span> operations. The contamination from the drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> was assessed using both perfluorocarbon tracers (PFT) and fluorescent microsphere beads. PFT infiltration was detected from the periphery of almost all whole round <span class="hlt">cores</span> (WRCs). By contrast, fluorescent microspheres were not detected in hydrothermally active <span class="hlt">core</span> samples, possibly due to thermal decomposition of the microspheres under high-temperature conditions. Microbial contamination from drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to the <span class="hlt">core</span> interior subsamples was further characterized by molecular-based evaluation. The microbial 16S rRNA gene phylotype compositions in the drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were mainly composed of sequences of Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and not archaeal sequences. The phylotypes that displayed more than 97% similarity to the sequences obtained from the drilling mud <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were defined as possible contaminants in this study and were detected as minor components of the bacterial phylotype compositions in 13 of 37 <span class="hlt">core</span> samples. The degree of microbiological contamination was consistent with that determined by the PFT and/or microsphere assessments. This study suggests a constructive approach for evaluation and eliminating microbial contamination during riser-less drilling and <span class="hlt">coring</span> operations by the D/V Chikyu.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H43A0953L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H43A0953L"><span>Study of Hydrothermal Mineralization in 2013 Drill <span class="hlt">Core</span> from Hawaii Island</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lautze, N. C.; Calvin, W. M.; Moore, J.; Haskins, E.; Thomas, D. M.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The Humu'ula Groundwater Research Project (HGRP) drilled a continuously-<span class="hlt">cored</span> hole to nearly 2 km depth near the Saddle Road between Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanoes on Hawaii Island in March of 2013. Temperatures at the bottom of the hole were unexpectedly high and reached over 100 C. A study is underway to characterize hydrothermal (secondary) mineralization in the <span class="hlt">core</span> at depths below ~ 1 km. Secondary mineralization can indicate the presence, chemistry, and temperature of hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, therein helping to characterize a present and/or past geothermal system. To date, the study is two pronged. In collaboration with University Nevada Reno (UNR) we used an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec instrument to obtain nearly 800 spectra from <span class="hlt">core</span> depths spanning 3190 to 5785 feet. This device has a 2 cm contact probe that measures from 0.4 to 2.5 mm, and has been used successfully by UNR to identify depth-associated changes in alteration mineralogy and zoning in drill <span class="hlt">core</span> from other pilot studies. The spectra indicate that rocks above a depth of ~1 km are only weakly altered. At greater depths to the base of the well, chlorite, possibly with some mica, and zeolites are common. The majority of zeolites are spectrally similar to each other at these wavelengths, however analcime and natrolite are uniquely identified in some sections. Epidote was not observed. The secondary mineral assemblages suggest that the alteration was produced by moderate temperature neutral pH <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Here, we used the spectral data as a survey tool to help identify and select over 20 sections of <span class="hlt">core</span> for sampling and more detailed mineralogical analysis using traditional X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and petrographic techniques, conducted in collaboration with University of Utah. This presentation will include mineral maps with depth and results of the petrographic analyses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21350404-measuring-air-core-characteristics-pressure-swirl-atomizer-via-transparent-acrylic-nozzle-various-reynolds-numbers','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21350404-measuring-air-core-characteristics-pressure-swirl-atomizer-via-transparent-acrylic-nozzle-various-reynolds-numbers"><span>Measuring air <span class="hlt">core</span> characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer via a transparent acrylic nozzle at various Reynolds numbers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lee, Eun J.; Oh, Sang Youp; Kim, Ho Y.</p> <p>2010-11-15</p> <p>Because of thermal <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-property dependence, atomization stability (or flow regime) can change even at fixed operating conditions when subject to temperature change. Particularly at low temperatures, fuel's high viscosity can prevent a pressure-swirl (or simplex) atomizer from sustaining a centrifugal-driven air <span class="hlt">core</span> within the fuel injector. During disruption of the air <span class="hlt">core</span> inside an injector, spray characteristics outside the nozzle reflect a highly unstable, nonlinear mode where air <span class="hlt">core</span> length, Sauter mean diameter (SMD), cone angle, and discharge coefficient variability. To better understand injector performance, these characteristics of the pressure-swirl atomizer were experimentally investigated and data were correlated to Reynoldsmore » numbers (Re). Using a transparent acrylic nozzle, the air <span class="hlt">core</span> length, SMD, cone angle, and discharge coefficient are observed as a function of Re. The critical Reynolds numbers that distinguish the transition from unstable mode to transitional mode and eventually to a stable mode are reported. The working <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are diesel and a kerosene-based fuel, referred to as bunker-A. (author)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001APS..DFD.BA008D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001APS..DFD.BA008D"><span>Deformation and Breakup of Two <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Jets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Doshi, Pankaj; Ramkrishna, Doraiswamy; Basaran, Osman</p> <p>2001-11-01</p> <p>Two <span class="hlt">fluid</span> jets consists of an inner liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> surrounded by an annulus of outer immiscible liquid. The perturbation in the inner and outer interphase could cause capillary instability resulting in large deformation and breakup of the jet into drops. The jet breakup and drop size distribution is largely influenced by the properties of inner and outer <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phases. Out of the various jet breakup phenomena one with most technological importance is the one in which inner interphase ruptures followed by the outer interphase resulting in the formation of compound drops. The compound drop formation is very useful for the microencapsulation technology, which find use in diverse pharmaceutical and chemical industry applications. In this paper we present a computational analysis of non-linear deformation and breakup of two <span class="hlt">fluid</span> jets of Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. The analysis involves study of capillary instability driven deformation of a free jet with periodic boundary conditions. Although small amplitude deformation of two <span class="hlt">fluid</span> jets have previously been studied, large amplitude deformation exhibiting interesting nonlinear dynamics and eventual breakup of the two <span class="hlt">fluid</span> jets have been beyond the reach of previously used analytical and computational techniques. The computational difficulties result from the facts that (1) the inner and outer interphase can overturn during the motion and (2) pressure and normal stress are discontinuous at the inner interphase. We overcome both of these difficulties by using a new Galerkin/finite element algorithm that relies on a powerful elliptic mesh generation technique. The results to be presented includes jet deformation and breakup time as a function of inner and outer <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase properties. The highlight of the results will be prediction of drop size distribution which is of critical importance for microencapsulation technology.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS24A..08P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS24A..08P"><span>Linking the tectonic evolution with <span class="hlt">fluid</span> history in magma-poor rifted margins: tracking mantle- and continental crust-related <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pinto, V. H. G.; Manatschal, G.; Karpoff, A. M.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The thinning of the crust and the exhumation of subcontinental mantle is accompanied by a series of extensional detachment faults. Exhumation of mantle and crustal rocks is intimately related to percolation of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> along detachment faults leading to changes in mineralogy and chemistry of the mantle, crustal and sedimentary rocks. Field observation, analytical methods, refraction/reflection and well-<span class="hlt">core</span> data, allowed us to investigate the role of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the Iberian margin and former Alpine Tethys distal margins and the Pyrenees rifted system. In the continental crust, <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction leads to saussuritization that produces Si and Ca enriched <span class="hlt">fluids</span> found in forms of veins along the fault zone. In the zone of exhumed mantle, large amounts of water are absorbed in the first 5-6 km of serpentinized mantle, which has the counter-effect of depleting the mantle of elements (e.g., Si, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ni and Cr) forming mantle-related <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Using Cr-Ni-V and Fe-Mn as tracers, we show that in the distal margin, mantle-related <span class="hlt">fluids</span> used detachment faults as pathways and interacted with the overlying crust, the sedimentary basin and the seawater, while further inward parts of the margin, continental crust-related <span class="hlt">fluids</span> enriched in Si and Ca impregnated the fault zone and may have affected the sedimentary basin. The overall observations and results enable us to show when, where and how these interactions occurred during the formation of the rifted margin. In a first stage, continental crust-related <span class="hlt">fluids</span> dominated the rifted systems. During the second stage, mantle-related <span class="hlt">fluids</span> affected the overlying syn-tectonic sediments through direct migration along detachment faults at the future distal margin. In a third stage, these <span class="hlt">fluids</span> reached the seafloor, "polluted" the seawater and were absorbed by post-tectonic sediments. We conclude that a significant amount of serpentinization occurred underneath the thinned continental crust, that the mantle-related <span class="hlt">fluids</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGP23B1339V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGP23B1339V"><span>Elliptical instability in stably stratified <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interiors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vidal, J.; Hollerbach, R.; Schaeffer, N.; Cebron, D.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Self-sustained magnetic fields in celestial bodies (planets, moons, stars) are due to flows in internal electrically conducting <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. These <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motions are often attributed to convection, as it is the case for the Earth's liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> and the Sun. However some past or present liquid <span class="hlt">cores</span> may be stably stratified. Alternative mechanisms may thus be needed to understand the dynamo process in these celestial objects. Turbulent flows driven by mechanical forcings, such as tides or precession, seem very promising since they are dynamo capable. However the effect of density stratification is not clear, because it can stabilize or destabilize mechanically-driven flows.To mimic an elliptical distortion due to tidal forcing in spherical geometry (full sphere and shell), we consider a theoretical base flow with elliptical streamlines and an associated density profile. It allows to keep the numerical efficiency of spectral methods in this geometry. The flow satisfies the stress-free boundary condition. We perform the stability analysis of the base state using three-dimensional simulations to study both the linear and nonlinear regimes. Stable and unstable density profiles are considered. A complementary local stability analysis (WKB) is also performed. We show that elliptical instability can still grow upon a stable stratification. We also study the mixing of the stratification by the elliptical instability. Finally we look at the dynamo capability of these flows.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1036316-chemical-convention-lunar-core-from-melting-experiments-ironsulfur-system','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1036316-chemical-convention-lunar-core-from-melting-experiments-ironsulfur-system"><span>Chemical Convention in the Lunar <span class="hlt">Core</span> from Melting Experiments on the Ironsulfur System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Li, J.; Liu, J.; Chen, B.</p> <p>2012-03-26</p> <p>By reanalyzing Apollo lunar seismograms using array-processing methods, a recent study suggests that the Moon has a solid inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, much like the Earth. The volume fraction of the lunar inner <span class="hlt">core</span> is 38%, compared with 4% for the Earth. The pressure at the Moon's <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary is 4.8 GPa, and that at the ICB is 5.2 GPa. The partially molten state of the lunar <span class="hlt">core</span> provides constraints on the thermal and chemical states of the Moon: The temperature at the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> boundary (ICB) corresponds to the liquidus of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> composition, andmore » the mass fraction of the solid <span class="hlt">core</span> allows us to infer the bulk composition of the <span class="hlt">core</span> from an estimated thermal profile. Moreover, knowledge on the extent of <span class="hlt">core</span> solidification can be used to evaluate the role of chemical convection in the origin of early lunar <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamo. Sulfur is considered an antifreeze component in the lunar <span class="hlt">core</span>. Here we investigate the melting behavior of the Fe-S system at the pressure conditions of the lunar <span class="hlt">core</span>, using the multi-anvil apparatus and synchrotron and laboratory-based analytical methods. Our goal is to understand compositionally driven convection in the lunar <span class="hlt">core</span> and assess its role in generating an internal magnetic field in the early history of the Moon.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25667157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25667157"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> intake, hydration, work physiology of wildfire fighters working in the heat over consecutive days.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Raines, Jenni; Snow, Rodney; Nichols, David; Aisbett, Brad</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>(i) To evaluate firefighters' pre- and post-shift hydration status across two shifts of wildfire suppression work in hot weather conditions. (ii) To document firefighters' <span class="hlt">fluid</span> intake during and between two shifts of wildfire suppression work. (iii) To compare firefighters' heart rate, activity, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature across the two consecutive shifts of wildfire suppression work. Across two consecutive days, 12 salaried firefighters' hydration status was measured immediately pre- and post-shift. Hydration status was also measured 2h post-shift. RPE was also measured immediately post-shift on each day. Work activity, heart rate, and <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature were logged continuously during each shift. Ten firefighters also manually recorded their food and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> intake before, during, and after both fireground shifts. Firefighters were not euhydrated at all measurement points on Day one (292±1 mOsm l(-1)) and euhydrated across these same time points on Day two (289±0.5 mOsm l(-1)). <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> consumption following firefighters' shift on Day one (1792±1134ml) trended (P = 0.08) higher than Day two (1108±1142ml). Daily total <span class="hlt">fluid</span> intake was not different (P = 0.27), averaging 6443±1941ml across both days. <span class="hlt">Core</span> temperature and the time spent ≥ 70%HRmax were both elevated on Day one (when firefighters were not euhydrated). Firefighters' work activity profile was not different between both days of work. There was no difference in firefighters' pre- to post-shift hydration within each shift, suggesting ad libitum drinking was at least sufficient to maintain pre-shift hydration status, even in hot conditions. Firefighters' relative hypohydration on Day one (despite a slightly lower ambient temperature) may have been associated with elevations in <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature, more time in the higher heart rate zones, and 'post-shift' RPE. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910031753&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910031753&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>On the consequences of strong stable stratification at the top of earth's outer <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bloxham, Jeremy</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The consequences of strong stable stratification at the top of the earth's <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> are considered, concentrating on the generation of the geomagnetic secular variation. It is assumed that the <span class="hlt">core</span> near the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary is both strongly stably stratified and free of Lorentz forces: it is found that this set of assumptions severely limits the class of possible motions, none of which is compatible with the geomagnetic secular variation. Relaxing either assumption is adequate: tangentially geostrophic flows are consistent with the secular variation if the assumption that the <span class="hlt">core</span> is strongly stably stratified is relaxed (while retaining the assumption that Lorentz forces are negligible); purely toroidal flows may explain the secular variation if Lorentz forces are included.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SSSci..46...19Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SSSci..46...19Y"><span>Synthesis and properties MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co) nanoparticles and <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell structures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yelenich, O. V.; Solopan, S. O.; Greneche, J. M.; Belous, A. G.</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Individual Fe3-xO4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, as well as Fe3-xO4/CoFe2O4 <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell structures were synthesized by the method of co-precipitation from diethylene glycol solutions. <span class="hlt">Core</span>/shell structure were synthesized with CoFe2O4-shell thickness of 1.0, 2.5 and 3.5 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns of individual nanoparticles and <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell are similar and indicate that all synthesized samples have a cubic spinel structure. Compares Mössbauer studies of CoFe2O4, Fe3-xO4 nanoparticles indicate superparamagnetic properties at 300 K. It was shown that individual magnetite nanoparticles are transformed into maghemite through oxidation during the synthesis procedure, wherein the smallest nanoparticles are completely oxidized while a magnetite <span class="hlt">core</span> does occur in the case of the largest nanoparticles. The Mössbauer spectra of <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell nanoparticles with increasing CoFe2O4-shell thickness show a gradual decrease in the relative intensity of the quadrupole doublet and significant decrease of the mean isomer shift value at both RT and 77 K indicating a decrease of the superparamagnetic relaxation phenomena. Specific loss power for the prepared ferrofluids was experimentally calculated and it was determined that under influence of ac-magnetic field magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> based on individual CoFe2O4 and Fe3-xO4 particles are characterized by very low heating temperature, when magnetic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> based on <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell nanoparticles demonstrate higher heating effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27127951','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27127951"><span>Circular Polarizations of Gravitational Waves from <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Collapse Supernovae: A Clear Indication of Rapid Rotation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hayama, Kazuhiro; Kuroda, Takami; Nakamura, Ko; Yamada, Shoichi</p> <p>2016-04-15</p> <p>We propose to employ the circular polarization of gravitational waves emitted by <span class="hlt">core</span>-collapse supernovae as an unequivocal indication of rapid rotation deep in their <span class="hlt">cores</span> just prior to collapse. It has been demonstrated by three dimensional simulations that nonaxisymmetric accretion flows may develop spontaneously via hydrodynamical instabilities in the postbounce <span class="hlt">cores</span>. It is not surprising, then, that the gravitational waves emitted by such <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motions are circularly polarized. We show, in this Letter, that a network of the second generation detectors of gravitational waves worldwide may be able to detect such polarizations up to the opposite side of the Galaxy as long as the rotation period of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is shorter than a few seconds prior to collapse.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V41A2749C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V41A2749C"><span>Sulfur Isotope Analysis of Minerals and <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> in a Natural CO2 Reservoir, Green River, Utah</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, F.; Kampman, N.; Bickle, M. J.; Busch, A.; Turchyn, A. V.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Predicting the security of geological CO2 storage sites requires an understanding of the geochemical behavior of the stored CO2, especially of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock reactions in reservoirs, caprocks and fault zones. Factors that may influence geochemical behavior include co-injection of sulfur gases along with the CO2, either in acid-gas disposal or as contaminants in CO2 storage sites, and microbial activity, such as bacterial sulfate reduction. The latter may play an important role in buffering the redox chemistry of subsurface <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, which could affect toxic trace metal mobilization and transport in acidic CO2-rich <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. These processes involving sulfur are poorly understood. Natural CO2-reservoirs provide natural laboratories, where the flow and reactions of the CO2-charged <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and the activity of microbial communities are integrated over sufficient time-scales to aid prediction of long-term CO2 storage. This study reports on sulfur isotope analyses of sulfate and sulfide minerals in rock <span class="hlt">core</span> and in CO2-charged <span class="hlt">fluids</span> collected from a stacked sequence of natural CO2 reservoirs at Green River, Utah. Scientific drilling adjacent to a CO2-degassing normal fault to a depth of 325m retrieved <span class="hlt">core</span> and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> samples from two CO2 reservoirs in the Entrada and Navajo Sandstones and from the intervening Carmel Formation caprock. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> samples were collected from CO2-charged springs that discharge through the faults. Sulfur exists as sulfate in the <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, as sedimentary gypsum beds in the Carmel Formation, as remobilized gypsum veins within a fault damage zone in the Carmel Fm. and in the Entrada Sandstone, and as disseminated pyrite and pyrite-mineralized open fractures throughout the <span class="hlt">cored</span> interval. We use the stable sulfur (δ34S) and oxygen (δ18OSO4) isotopes of the sulfate, gypsum, and pyrite to understand the source of sulfur in the reservoir as well as the timing of gypsum vein and pyrite formation. The hydration water of the gypsum is also reported to explore the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhFl...13..553S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhFl...13..553S"><span>Interface instabilities during displacements of two miscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a vertical pipe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Scoffoni, J.; Lajeunesse, E.; Homsy, G. M.</p> <p>2001-03-01</p> <p>We study experimentally the downward vertical displacement of one miscible <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by another in a vertical pipe at sufficiently high velocities for diffusive effects to be negligible. For certain viscosity ratios and flow rates, the interface between the two <span class="hlt">fluids</span> can destabilize. We determine the dimensionless flow rate Uc above which the instability is triggered and its dependence on the viscous ratio M, resulting in a stability map Uc=Uc(M). Two different instability modes have been observed: an asymmetric "corkscrew" mode and an axisymmetric one. We remark that the latter is always eventually disturbed by "corkscrew" type instabilities. We speculate that these instabilities are driven by the viscosity stratification and are analogous to those already observed in <span class="hlt">core</span> annular flows of immiscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15538617','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15538617"><span>Monitoring of chromium and nickel in biological <span class="hlt">fluids</span> of stainless steel welders using the flux-<span class="hlt">cored</span>-wire (FCW) welding method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stridsklev, Inger Cecilie; Schaller, Karl-Heinz; Langård, Sverre</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>This study was undertaken to investigate the exposure to chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in flux-<span class="hlt">cored</span> wire (FCW) welders welding on stainless steel (SS). Seven FCW welders were monitored for 3 days to 1 workweek, measuring Cr and Ni in air, blood, and urine. The welders were questioned about exposure to Cr and Ni during their whole working careers, with emphasis on the week of monitoring, about the use of personal protective equipment and their smoking habits. The air concentrations were mean 200 microg/m(3) (range 2.4-2,744) for total Cr, 11.3 microg/m(3) (<0.2-151.3) for Cr(VI), and 50.4 microg/m(3) (<2.0-416.7) for Ni during the workdays for the five welders who were monitored with air measurements. The levels of Cr and Ni in biological <span class="hlt">fluids</span> varied between different workplaces. For Cr in whole blood, plasma, and erythrocytes, the mean levels after work were 1.25 (<0.4-8.3) and 1.68 (<0.2-8.0) and 0.9 (<0.4-7.2) microg/l, respectively. For Ni most of the measurements in whole blood and plasma were below the detection limits, the mean levels after work being 0.84 (<0.8-3.3) and 0.57 microg/l (<0.4-1.7), respectively. Mean levels for Cr and Ni in the urine after work were 3.96 (0.34-40.7) and 2.50 (0.56-5.0) microg/g creatinine, respectively. Correlations between the Cr(VI) levels measured in air and the levels of total Cr in the measured biological <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were found. The results seem to support the view that monitoring of Cr in the urine may be versatile for indirect monitoring of the Cr(VI) air level in FCW welders. The results seem to suggest that external and internal exposure to Cr and Ni in FCW welders welding SS is low in general.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24320299','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24320299"><span>Phase behavior of the modified-Yukawa <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and its sticky limit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schöll-Paschinger, Elisabeth; Valadez-Pérez, Néstor E; Benavides, Ana L; Castañeda-Priego, Ramón</p> <p>2013-11-14</p> <p>Simple model systems with short-range attractive potentials have turned out to play a crucial role in determining theoretically the phase behavior of proteins or colloids. However, as pointed out by D. Gazzillo [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 124504 (2011)], one of these widely used model potentials, namely, the attractive hard-<span class="hlt">core</span> Yukawa potential, shows an unphysical behavior when one approaches its sticky limit, since the second virial coefficient is diverging. However, it is exactly this second virial coefficient that is typically used to depict the experimental phase diagram for a large variety of complex <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and that, in addition, plays an important role in the Noro-Frenkel scaling law [J. Chem. Phys. 113, 2941 (2000)], which is thus not applicable to the Yukawa <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. To overcome this deficiency of the attractive Yukawa potential, D. Gazzillo has proposed the so-called modified hard-<span class="hlt">core</span> attractive Yukawa <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, which allows one to correctly obtain the second and third virial coefficients of adhesive hard-spheres starting from a system with an attractive logarithmic Yukawa-like interaction. In this work we present liquid-vapor coexistence curves for this system and investigate its behavior close to the sticky limit. Results have been obtained with the self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation (SCOZA) for values of the reduced inverse screening length parameter up to 18. The accuracy of SCOZA has been assessed by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120002871','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120002871"><span>Imaging the Moon's <span class="hlt">Core</span> with Seismology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Weber, Renee C.; Lin, Pei-Ying Patty; Garnero, Ed J.; Williams, Quetin C.; Lognonne, Philippe</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Constraining the structure of the lunar <span class="hlt">core</span> is necessary to improve our understanding of the present-day thermal structure of the interior and the history of a lunar dynamo, as well as the origin and thermal and compositional evolution of the Moon. We analyze Apollo deep moonquake seismograms using terrestrial array processing methods to search for the presence of reflected and converted energy from the lunar <span class="hlt">core</span>. Although moonquake fault parameters are not constrained, we first explore a suite of theoretical focal spheres to verify that fault planes exist that can produce favorable <span class="hlt">core</span> reflection amplitudes relative to direct up-going energy at the Apollo stations. Beginning with stacks of event seismograms from the known distribution of deep moonquake clusters, we apply a polarization filter to account for the effects of seismic scattering that (a) partitions energy away from expected components of ground motion, and (b) obscures all but the main P- and S-wave arrivals. The filtered traces are then shifted to the predicted arrival time of a <span class="hlt">core</span> phase (e.g. PcP) and stacked to enhance subtle arrivals associated with the Moon s <span class="hlt">core</span>. This combination of filtering and array processing is well suited for detecting deep lunar seismic reflections, since we do not expect scattered wave energy from near surface (or deeper) structure recorded at varying epicentral distances and stations from varying moonquakes at varying depths to stack coherently. Our results indicate the presence of a solid inner and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, overlain by a partial-melt-containing boundary layer (Table 1). These layers are consistently observed among stacks from four classes of reflections: P-to-P, S-to-P, P-to-S, and S-to-S, and are consistent with current indirect geophysical estimates of <span class="hlt">core</span> and deep mantle properties, including mass, moment of inertia, lunar laser ranging, and electromagnetic induction. Future refinements are expected following the successful launch of the GRAIL lunar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999APS..DFD..JD09M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999APS..DFD..JD09M"><span>Spiral Convection Columns: Improved Estimate Of Apparent Rotation Period(=1333.6 yr) Of Earth's Solid Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McDonald, Keith L.</p> <p>1999-11-01</p> <p>In 1974, an est. was made of turbulence driven rot. period of Earth's inner <span class="hlt">core</span>(r=R_ic), neglecting forced precession, nutation and assuming <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span>'s turbulent differential rot., (T_1c^o)_α, alone drives inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and has achieved steady state so that viscous boundary condition, Υ_φ(R_ic,θ)=ɛ Υ = Υ_ic - Υ = Υ_φ(R_ic), is closely achieved.^1 Υ is mantle's const. sidereal angular velocity, Υ_ic is inner <span class="hlt">core</span>'s, and Υ_φ(r,θ) is <span class="hlt">fluid</span>'s appar., about Z-axis. In 1st est.^1 we assumed velocity and magnetic modes T_α,P_α and T_β,P_β are stationary random functions of time and deleted classes of modes in simplifying toroidal component eq. of transformed amplification eq.,^2 evaluated for mode (T_2c^o)_β to compute radial function (T_1c^o)_α thru a single integration with respect to r. In making integration we assumed toroidal and poloidal B-field intensities have same radial dependency thru <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, R_ic <= r <= 0.9R_c, whereas toroidal mag. field declines monotonely as rarrow 0, where it vanishes. To correct discrepancy, divide T_2c^o(r)_β by f(r) and multiply dr by f(r) and integrate over R_ic,..., R_c; define f(r)=150 gauss × (r/0.9R_c), 0 <= r <= 0.9Rc and f(r)=1500(1-r/R_c) gauss for 0.9Rc <= r <= R_c. Repeating computations^1 gives, for νm = 0.2 × 10^5 esu, rot. period of τ _φ(R_ic)=1768.77 yr, instead of former 812 yr.^1 However, we adopted later Elsasser's 1956 est. electrical conductivity of <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, σ = 3 × 10-6 emu, which yields τ_φ=1333.6 yr, as close lower limit since σ continues to increase with depth below mantle's base, R_c. Adopting 0.03 cm sec-1 for upwelling motions we see that spiral motions result that do not influence lifetimes of polar heat sources at Rc but shorten to near 10^3 yr near equator. B_T-,B_P-field replaces turbulance theory to compute τ _φ. ^1 Keith L McDonald, Bul. Am. Phys. Soc., 19(10), 1148, 1974. ^2 K L McDonald, On The Planetary Dynamo Theory, ESSA Tech. Report ERL 64-ESL 3 (Govt</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/777917','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/777917"><span>Porosity and Permeability Evolution Accompanying Hot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> Injection into Diatomite, SUPRI TR-123</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Diabira, I.; Castanier, L.M.; Kovscek, A.R.</p> <p>2001-04-19</p> <p>An experimental study of silica dissolution was performed to probe the evolution of permeability and porosity in siliceous diatomite during hot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> injection such as water or steam flooding. Two competing mechanisms were identified. Silica solubility in water at elevated temperature causes rock dissolution thereby increasing permeability; however, the rock is mechanically weak leading to compressing of the solid matrix during injection. Permeability and porosity can decrease at the onset of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. A laboratory flow apparatus was designed and built to examine these processes in diatomite <span class="hlt">core</span> samples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54...37J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54...37J"><span>Simulation of non-Newtonian oil-water <span class="hlt">core</span> annular flow through return bends</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiang, Fan; Wang, Ke; Skote, Martin; Wong, Teck Neng; Duan, Fei</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The volume of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (VOF) model is used together with the continuum surface force (CSF) model to numerically simulate the non-Newtonian oil-water <span class="hlt">core</span> annular flow across return bends. A comprehensive study is conducted to generate the profiles of pressure, velocity, volume fraction and wall shear stress for different oil properties, flow directions, and bend geometries. It is revealed that the oil <span class="hlt">core</span> may adhere to the bend wall under certain operating conditions. Through the analysis of the total pressure gradient and fouling angle, suitable bend geometric parameters are identified for avoiding the risk of fouling.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7251F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7251F"><span>Monitoring of NMR porosity changes in the full-size <span class="hlt">core</span> salvage through the drying process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fattakhov, Artur; Kosarev, Victor; Doroginitskii, Mikhail; Skirda, Vladimir</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Currently the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most popular technologies in the field of borehole geophysics and <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis. Results of NMR studies allow to calculate the values of the porosity and permeability of sedimentary rocks with sufficient reliability. All standard tools for the study of <span class="hlt">core</span> salvage on the basis of NMR have significant limitations: there is considered only long relaxation times corresponding to the mobile formation <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Current trends in energy obligate to move away from conventional oil to various alternative sources of energy. One of these sources are deposits of bitumen and high-viscosity oil. In Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (Russia) there was developed a mobile unit for the study of the full-length <span class="hlt">core</span> salvage by the NMR method ("NMR-<span class="hlt">Core</span>") together with specialists of "TNG-Group" (a company providing maintenance services to oil companies). This unit is designed for the study of <span class="hlt">core</span> material directly on the well, after removing it from the <span class="hlt">core</span> receiver. The maximum diameter of the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample may be up to 116 mm, its length (or length of the set of samples) may be up to 1000 mm. Positional precision of the <span class="hlt">core</span> sample relative to the measurement system is 1 mm, and the spatial resolution along the axis of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is 10 mm. Acquisition time of the 1 m <span class="hlt">core</span> salvage varies depending on the mode of research and is at least 20 minutes. Furthermore, there is implemented a special investigation mode of the <span class="hlt">core</span> samples with super small relaxation times (for example, heavy oil) is in the tool. The aim of this work is tracking of the NMR porosity changes in the full-size <span class="hlt">core</span> salvage in time. There was used a water-saturated <span class="hlt">core</span> salvage from the shallow educational well as a sample. The diameter of the studied <span class="hlt">core</span> samples is 93 mm. There was selected several sections length of 1m from the 200-meter <span class="hlt">coring</span> interval. The studied <span class="hlt">core</span> samples are being measured several times. The time interval</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730006979','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730006979"><span>Physics in perspective. Volume 2, part A: The <span class="hlt">core</span> subfields of physics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>Panel reports to the Survey Committee are presented to provide detailed technical background and documentation for committee findings, and to indicate the vitality and strength of the subfields of physics. Included are the <span class="hlt">core</span> subfields of acoustics, optics, condensed matter, plasmas and <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, atomic molecular and electron physics, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980PhRvA..21..645S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980PhRvA..21..645S"><span>Structure and thermodynamics of a simple <span class="hlt">fluid</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stell, G.; Weis, J. J.</p> <p>1980-02-01</p> <p>Monte Carlo results are found for a simple <span class="hlt">fluid</span> with a pair potential consisting of a hard-sphere <span class="hlt">core</span> and a Lennard-Jones attractive tail. They are compared with several of the most promising recent theoretical treatments of simple <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, all of which involve the decomposition of the pair potential into a hard-sphere-<span class="hlt">core</span> term and an attractive-tail term. This direct comparison avoids the use of a second perturbation scheme associated with softening the <span class="hlt">core</span>, which would introduce an ambiguity in the significance of the differences found between the theoretical and Monte Carlo results. The study includes the optimized random-phase approximation (ORPA) and exponential (EXP) approximations of Andersen and Chandler, an extension of the latter approximation to nodal order three (the N3 approximation), the linear-plus-square (LIN + SQ) approximation of Høye and Stell, the renormalized hypernetted chain (RHNC) approximation of Lado, and the quadratic (QUAD) approximation suggested by second-order self-consistent Γ ordering, the lowest order of which is identical to the ORPA. As anticipated on the basis of earlier studies, it is found that the EXP approximation yields radial distribution functions and structure factors of excellent overall accuracy in the liquid state, where the RHNC results are also excellent and the EXP, QUAD, and LIN + SQ results prove to be virtually indistinguishable from one another. For all the approximations, however, the thermodynamics from the compressibility relation are poor and the virial-theorem results are not uniformly reliable. Somewhat more surprisingly, it is found that the EXP results yield a negative structure factor S(k) for very small k in the liquid state and poor radial distribution functions at low densities. The RHNC results are nowhere worse than the EXP results and in some states (e.g., at low densities) much better. In contrast, the N3 results are better in some respects than the EXP results but worse in others. The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23005525','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23005525"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> mechanics in <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at rest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brenner, Howard</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>Using readily available experimental thermophoretic particle-velocity data it is shown, contrary to current teachings, that for the case of compressible flows independent dye- and particle-tracer velocity measurements of the local <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity at a point in a flowing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> do not generally result in the same <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity measure. Rather, tracer-velocity equality holds only for incompressible flows. For compressible <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, each type of tracer is shown to monitor a fundamentally different <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity, with (i) a dye (or any other such molecular-tagging scheme) measuring the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>'s mass velocity v appearing in the continuity equation and (ii) a small, physicochemically and thermally inert, macroscopic (i.e., non-Brownian), solid particle measuring the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>'s volume velocity v(v). The term "compressibility" as used here includes not only pressure effects on density, but also temperature effects thereon. (For example, owing to a liquid's generally nonzero isobaric coefficient of thermal expansion, nonisothermal liquid flows are to be regarded as compressible despite the general perception of liquids as being incompressible.) Recognition of the fact that two independent <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocities, mass- and volume-based, are formally required to model continuum <span class="hlt">fluid</span> behavior impacts on the foundations of contemporary (monovelocity) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics. Included therein are the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations, which are now seen to apply only to incompressible <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (a fact well-known, empirically, to experimental gas kineticists). The findings of a difference in tracer velocities heralds the introduction into <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics of a general bipartite theory of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics, bivelocity hydrodynamics [Brenner, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 54, 67 (2012)], differing from conventional hydrodynamics in situations entailing compressible flows and reducing to conventional hydrodynamics when the flow is incompressible, while being applicable to both liquids and gases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19999998','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19999998"><span>Infiltration characteristics of non-aqueous phase liquids in undisturbed loessal soil <span class="hlt">cores</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Yunqiang; Shao, Ming'an</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL), such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of NAPL in soil is crucial in mitigating or remediating soil contamination. The infiltration characteristics of crude and diesel oils into undisturbed loessal soil <span class="hlt">cores</span>, collected in polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical columns, were investigated under a constant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> head (3 cm) of either crude oil or diesel oil. The infiltration rate of both crude and diesel oils decreased exponentially as wetting depth increased with time. Soil <span class="hlt">core</span> size and bulk density both had significant effects on NAPL infiltration through the undisturbed soil <span class="hlt">cores</span>; a smaller <span class="hlt">core</span> size or a greater bulk density could reduce oil penetration to depth. Compacting soil in areas susceptible to oil spills may be an effective stratage to reduce contamination. The infiltration of NAPL into soil <span class="hlt">cores</span> was spatially anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus recording the data at four points on the soil <span class="hlt">core</span> is a good stratage to improve the accuracy of experimental results. Our results revealed that crude and diesel oils, rather than their components, have a practical value for remediation of contaminated loessal soils.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP44A..05S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPP44A..05S"><span>A potential new proxy for paleo-atmospheric pO2 from soil carbonate-hosted <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions applied to pristine Chinle soils from the Petrified Forest 1A <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schaller, M. F.; Pettitt, E.; Knobbe, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Proxies for the concentration of O2 in the ancient atmosphere are scarce. We have developed a potential new proxy for ancient atmospheric O2 content based on soil carbonate-hosted <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions. Soils are in continuous atmospheric communication, and relatively static equilibration between soil gas and atmospheric gas during formation, such that a predictable amount of atmosphere infiltrates a soil. This atmosphere is trapped by inclusions during carbonate precipitation. Here we show that carbonate hosted <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions are faithful recorders of soil gas concentrations and isotope ratios, and specifically that soil O2 partial pressures can be derived from the total gas contents of these inclusions. Using carbonate nodules from a span of depths in a modern vertisol near Dallas, TX, as a test case, we employ an online crushing technique to liberate gases from soil carbonates into a small custom-built quadrupole mass spectrometer where all gases are measured in real time. We quantify the total oxygen content of the gas using a matrix-matched calibration, and define each species as a partial pressure of the total gas released from the nodule. Atmospheric pO2 is very simply derived from the soil-nodule partial pressures by accounting for the static productivity of the soil (using a small correction based on the CO2 concentration). When corrected for aqueous solubility using Henry's Law, these soil-carbonate hosted gas results reveal soil O2 concentrations that are comparable to modern-day dry atmosphere. Armed with this achievement in modern soils, and as a test on the applicability of the approach to ancient samples, we successfully apply the new proxy to nodules from the Late Triassic Chinle formation from the Petrified Forest National Park <span class="hlt">Core</span>, taken as part of the Colorado Plateau <span class="hlt">Coring</span> Project. Analysis of soil O2 from soil gas monitoring wells paired with measurements from contemporaneous soil carbonate nodules is needed to precisely calibrate the new proxy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820052776&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820052776&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>A diurnal resonance in the ocean tide and in the earth's load response due to the resonant free '<span class="hlt">core</span> nutation'</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wahr, J. M.; Sasao, T.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>The effects of the oceans, which are subject to a resonance due to a free rotational eigenmode of an elliptical, rotating earth with a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> having an eigenfrequency of (1 + 1/460) cycle/day, on the body tide and nutational response of the earth to the diurnal luni-tidal force are computed. The response of an elastic, rotating, elliptical, oceanless earth with a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> to a given load distribution on its surface is first considered, and the tidal sea level height for equilibrium and nonequilibrium oceans is examined. Computations of the effects of equilibrium and nonequilibrium oceans on the nutational and deformational responses of the earth are then presented which show small but significant perturbations to the retrograde 18.6-year and prograde six-month nutations, and more important effects on the earth body tide, which is also resonant at the free <span class="hlt">core</span> notation eigenfrequency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160011495','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160011495"><span>Metabolic Potential and Activity in <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> of the Coast Range Ophiolite Microbial Observatory, California, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hoehler, T.; Som, S.; Schrenk, M.; McCollom, T.; Cardace, D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Metabolic potential and activity associated with hydrogen and carbon monoxide were characterized in <span class="hlt">fluids</span> sampled from the the Coast Range Ophiolite Microbial Observatory (CROMO). CROMO consists of two clusters of science-dedicated wells drilled to varying depths up to 35m in the actively serpentinizing, Jurassic-age Coast Range Ophiolite of Northern California, along with a suite of pre-existing monitoring wells at the same site. Consistent with the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> chemistry observed in other serpentinizing systems, CROMO <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are highly alkaline, with pH up to 12.5, high in methane, with concentrations up 1600 micromolar, and low in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), with concentrations of 10's to 100's of micromolar. CROMO is conspicuous for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> H2 concentrations that are consistently sub-micromolar, orders of magnitude lower than is typical of other systems. However, higher H2 concentrations (10's -100's of micromolar) at an earlier stage of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> chemical evolution are predicted by, or consistent with: thermodynamic models for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> chemistry based on parent rock composition equivalent to local peridotite and with water:rock ratio constrained by observed pH; the presence of magnetite at several wt% in CROMO drill <span class="hlt">cores</span>; and concentrations of formate and carbon monoxide that would require elevated H2 if formed in equilibrium with H2 and DIC. Calculated Gibbs energy changes for reaction of H2 and CO in each of several metabolisms, across the range of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> composition encompassed by the CROMO wells, range from bioenergetically feasible (capable of driving ATP synthesis) to thermodynamically unfavorable. Active consumption relative to killed controls was observed for both CO and H2 during incubation of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from the pre-existing monitoring wells; in incubations of freshly <span class="hlt">cored</span> solids, consumption was only observed in one sample set (corresponding to the lowest pH) out of three. The specific metabolisms by which H2 and CO are consumed remain to be determined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1612078T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1612078T"><span>Low grade metamorphism <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulation in a sedimentary environment thrust fault zone: properties and modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Trincal, Vincent; Lacroix, Brice; Buatier, Martine D.; Charpentier, Delphine; Labaume, Pierre; Lahfid, Abdeltif</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>In fold-and-thrust belts, shortening is mainly accommodated by thrust faults that can constitute preferential pathways for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulation. The present study focuses on the Pic de Port Vieux thrust, a second-order thrust related to major Gavarnie thrust in the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees. The fault juxtaposes lower Triassic red siltstones and sandstones in the hanging-wall and Upper Cretaceous limestone in the footwall. A dense network of synkinematic quartz-chlorite veins is present in outcrop and allows to unravel the nature of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that circulated in the fault zone. The hanging wall part of fault zone comprises a <span class="hlt">core</span> which consists of intensely foliated phyllonite; the green color of this shear zone is related to the presence of abundant newly-formed chlorite. Above, the damage zone consists of red pelites and sandstones. Both domains feature kinematic markers like S-C type shear structures associated with shear and extension quartz-chlorite veins and indicate a top to the south displacement. In the footwall, the limestone display increasing mylonitization and marmorization when getting close to the contact. In order to investigate the mineralogical and geochemical changes induced by deformation and subsequent <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow, sampling was conducted along a complete transect of the fault zone, from the footwall limestone to the red pelites of the hanging wall. In the footwall limestone, stable isotope and Raman spectroscopy analyzes were performed. The strain gradient is strongly correlated with a high decrease in δ18OV PDB values (from -5.5 to -14) when approaching the thrust (i.e. passing from limestone to marble) while the deformation temperatures estimated with Raman spectroscopy on carbon remain constant around 300° C. These results suggest that deformation is associated to a dynamic calcite recrystallization of carbonate in a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-open system. In the hanging wall, SEM observations, bulk chemical XRF analyses and mineral quantification from XRD</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1188615-experimental-investigation-cfd-analysis-cross-flow-core-pmr200','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1188615-experimental-investigation-cfd-analysis-cross-flow-core-pmr200"><span>Experimental investigation and CFD analysis on cross flow in the <span class="hlt">core</span> of PMR200</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Lee, Jeong -Hun; Yoon, Su -Jong; Cho, Hyoung -Kyu; ...</p> <p>2015-04-16</p> <p>The Prismatic Modular Reactor (PMR) is one of the major Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) concepts, which consists of hexagonal prismatic fuel blocks and reflector blocks made of nuclear gradegraphite. However, the shape of the graphite blocks could be easily changed by neutron damage duringthe reactor operation and the shape change can create gaps between the blocks inducing the bypass flow.In the VHTR <span class="hlt">core</span>, two types of gaps, a vertical gap and a horizontal gap which are called bypass gap and cross gap, respectively, can be formed. The cross gap complicates the flow field in the reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> by connectingmore » the coolant channel to the bypass gap and it could lead to a loss of effective coolant flow in the fuel blocks. Thus, a cross flow experimental facility was constructed to investigate the cross flow phenomena in the <span class="hlt">core</span> of the VHTR and a series of experiments were carried out under varying flow rates and gap sizes. The results of the experiments were compared with CFD (Computational <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics) analysis results in order to verify its prediction capability for the cross flow phenomena. Fairly good agreement was seen between experimental results and CFD predictions and the local characteristics of the cross flow was discussed in detail. Based on the calculation results, pressure loss coefficient across the cross gap was evaluated, which is necessary for the thermo-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> analysis of the VHTR <span class="hlt">core</span> using a lumped parameter code.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120014581','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120014581"><span>Production Level CFD Code Acceleration for Hybrid Many-<span class="hlt">Core</span> Architectures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Duffy, Austen C.; Hammond, Dana P.; Nielsen, Eric J.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In this work, a novel graphics processing unit (GPU) distributed sharing model for hybrid many-<span class="hlt">core</span> architectures is introduced and employed in the acceleration of a production-level computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics (CFD) code. The latest generation graphics hardware allows multiple processor <span class="hlt">cores</span> to simultaneously share a single GPU through concurrent kernel execution. This feature has allowed the NASA FUN3D code to be accelerated in parallel with up to four processor <span class="hlt">cores</span> sharing a single GPU. For codes to scale and fully use resources on these and the next generation machines, codes will need to employ some type of GPU sharing model, as presented in this work. Findings include the effects of GPU sharing on overall performance. A discussion of the inherent challenges that parallel unstructured CFD codes face in accelerator-based computing environments is included, with considerations for future generation architectures. This work was completed by the author in August 2010, and reflects the analysis and results of the time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S43B0855C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S43B0855C"><span>Experimental Evidence of Volcanic Earthquakes Induced by Different <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Types</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Clarke, J. A.; Adam, L.; Sarout, J.; van Wijk, K.; Dautriat, J. D.; Kennedy, B.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Low Frequency volcanic seismicity has long been associated with resonance in <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-filled cracks or conduits driven by pressure perturbations at depth. In volcano monitoring, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement, fracturing and the conduit geometry are interpreted based on field observations, laboratory experiments, and numerical models. <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> in a volcanic environment include gasses, brine and magmas with different viscosities. Magma viscosity is a key influence on eruptive behaviour. For example, increasing magma viscosity is known to favour explosive eruptions. How different <span class="hlt">fluids</span> affect volcano seismicity is not well understood. Here, we explore the effects of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> type on volcano seismic signals. Frequency content in the signal, frequency of the events, source mechanism and quality factor are studied. We simulate volcano tectonic (fracturing) and volcano seismic (<span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement) signatures in a controlled laboratory environment using a range of rock samples, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> types and pressure conditions. The viscosity of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> spans six orders of magnitude, representing realistic volcanic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Microseismicity is generated by venting pressurised <span class="hlt">fluids</span> through pre-generated fracture networks in cylindrical rock <span class="hlt">core</span> samples and detected by an array of 18 ultrasonic transducers. We fracture samples of two lithologies: 1) low porosity impermeable granite samples and 2) a permeable volcanic ash tuff sample. Permeability and porosity in the granites are due to a fracture network, while in the tuff a high porosity matrix ( 40 %) and a fracture network interact. The <span class="hlt">fluids</span> used are nitrogen gas, water, and mixtures of water and glycerol. We generate and detect a myriad of seismic event types, some of which resemble well-known families of volcano-tectonic, low-frequency, hybrid and tremor-type seismicity. Samples with <span class="hlt">fluids</span> of lower density and viscosity generate a higher number of seismic events. We will present an integrated analysis of the event types, frequency content, source</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001187.htm','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001187.htm"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> imbalance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... up in the body. This is called <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overload (volume overload). This can lead to edema (excess <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in ... Water imbalance; <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> imbalance - dehydration; <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> buildup; <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> overload; Volume overload; Loss of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>; Edema - <span class="hlt">fluid</span> imbalance; ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1398397-multi-dimensional-character-core-collapse-supernovae','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1398397-multi-dimensional-character-core-collapse-supernovae"><span>The Multi-dimensional Character of <span class="hlt">Core</span>-collapse Supernovae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Hix, W. R.; Lentz, E. J.; Bruenn, S. W.; ...</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Core</span>-collapse supernovae, the culmination of massive stellar evolution, are spectacular astronomical events and the principle actors in the story of our elemental origins. Our understanding of these events, while still incomplete, centers around a neutrino-driven central engine that is highly hydrodynamically unstable. Increasingly sophisticated simulations reveal a shock that stalls for hundreds of milliseconds before reviving. Though brought back to life by neutrino heating, the development of the supernova explosion is inextricably linked to multi-dimensional <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows. In this paper, the outcomes of three-dimensional simulations that include sophisticated nuclear physics and spectral neutrino transport are juxtaposed to learn about themore » nature of the three-dimensional <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow that shapes the explosion. Comparison is also made between the results of simulations in spherical symmetry from several groups, to give ourselves confidence in the understanding derived from this juxtaposition.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137385','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137385"><span>DNA nanoparticles with <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell morphology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chandran, Preethi L; Dimitriadis, Emilios K; Lisziewicz, Julianna; Speransky, Vlad; Horkay, Ferenc</p> <p>2014-10-14</p> <p>Mannobiose-modified polyethylenimines (PEI) are used in gene therapy to generate nanoparticles of DNA that can be targeted to the antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. We report that the sugar modification alters the DNA organization within the nanoparticles from homogenous to shell-like packing. The depth-dependent packing of DNA within the nanoparticles was probed using AFM nano-indentation. Unmodified PEI-DNA nanoparticles display linear elastic properties and depth-independent mechanics, characteristic of homogenous materials. Mannobiose-modified nanoparticles, however, showed distinct force regimes that were dependent on indentation depth, with 'buckling'-like response that is reproducible and not due to particle failure. By comparison with theoretical studies of spherical shell mechanics, the structure of mannobiosylated particles was deduced to be a thin shell with wall thickness in the order of few nanometers, and a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-filled <span class="hlt">core</span>. The shell-<span class="hlt">core</span> structure is also consistent with observations of nanoparticle denting in altered solution conditions, with measurements of nanoparticle water content from AFM images, and with images of DNA distribution in Transmission Electron Microscopy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T21C0581S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T21C0581S"><span>Microstructures Indicate Large Influence of Temperature and <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Pressure on the Reactivation of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schuck, B.; Janssen, C.; Schleicher, A.; Toy, V.; Dresen, G.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The transpressional Alpine Fault within New Zealand's South Island is the major structure that accommodates relative motion between the Pacific and the Australian Plates. It has been intensively studied, because it is late in its 291-year seismic cycle (Cochran et al., 2017; doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.026), is likely to generate large (i.e. MW > 8) earthquakes, thus presents the biggest seismic hazard in the region. However, because it is severely misoriented in the present-day stress field for reactivation (Boese et al., 2013; doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.030), supra-lithostatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-pressures are required for rupture nucleation. We have analyzed microstructures (SEM and TEM), geochemistry (ICP-OES) and mineralogy (XRD) of outcrop samples of the fault <span class="hlt">core</span> to investigate the influence of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> on the geomechanical behavior of the fault. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-related alteration is pervasive within 20 m of the principal slip zone (PSZ) (Sutherland et al., 2012; doi: 10.1130/G33614.1), which is an incohesive, cemented and repeatedly reworked fault gouge mostly consisting of a fine-grained matrix composed of comminuted detrital quartz and feldspar as well as authigenic chlorite and calcite. Authigenic phases seal the PSZ for interseismic cross-fault <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow and enable <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure to build-up. Notable, smectite, previously considered to significantly influence propagation of Alpine Fault ruptures, is not present in these samples. Undeformed, euhedral chlorite grains suggest that the processes leading to fault sealing are not only active at greater depths but also close to the surface. The absence of smectite and the presence of undeformed chlorite at very shallow depths can be attributed to the fault's high geothermal gradient of > 120 °C km-1 (Sutherland et al., 2012; doi:10.1038/nature22355), which gives temperature conditions unfavorable for smectite to be stable and fostering chlorite growth. A pervasive network of anastomosing calcite veins in the fault <span class="hlt">core</span>, depicting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGeo...29..469S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGeo...29..469S"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> involvement in normal faulting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sibson, Richard H.</p> <p>2000-04-01</p> <p>Evidence of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interaction with normal faults comes from their varied role as flow barriers or conduits in hydrocarbon basins and as hosting structures for hydrothermal mineralisation, and from fault-rock assemblages in exhumed footwalls of steep active normal faults and metamorphic <span class="hlt">core</span> complexes. These last suggest involvement of predominantly aqueous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> over a broad depth range, with implications for fault shear resistance and the mechanics of normal fault reactivation. A general downwards progression in fault rock assemblages (high-level breccia-gouge (often clay-rich) → cataclasites → phyllonites → mylonite → mylonitic gneiss with the onset of greenschist phyllonites occurring near the base of the seismogenic crust) is inferred for normal fault zones developed in quartzo-feldspathic continental crust. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion studies in hydrothermal veining from some footwall assemblages suggest a transition from hydrostatic to suprahydrostatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures over the depth range 3-5 km, with some evidence for near-lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure cycling towards the base of the seismogenic zone in the phyllonitic assemblages. Development of fault-fracture meshes through mixed-mode brittle failure in rock-masses with strong competence layering is promoted by low effective stress in the absence of thoroughgoing cohesionless faults that are favourably oriented for reactivation. Meshes may develop around normal faults in the near-surface under hydrostatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures to depths determined by rock tensile strength, and at greater depths in overpressured portions of normal fault zones and at stress heterogeneities, especially dilational jogs. Overpressures localised within developing normal fault zones also determine the extent to which they may reutilise existing discontinuities (for example, low-angle thrust faults). Brittle failure mode plots demonstrate that reactivation of existing low-angle faults under vertical σ1 trajectories is only likely if</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMMR33A2652J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMMR33A2652J"><span>Effects of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions on faulting within active fault zones - evidence from fault rock samples retrieved from international drilling projects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Janssen, C.; Wirth, R.; Kienast, M.; Yabe, Y.; Sulem, J.; Dresen, G. H.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Chemical and mechanical effects of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> influence the fault mechanical behavior. We analyzed fresh fault rocks from several scientific drilling projects to study the effects of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> on fault strength. For example, in drill <span class="hlt">core</span> samples on a rupture plane of an Mw 2.2 earthquake in a deep gold mine in South Africa the main shock occurred on a preexisting plane of weakness that was formed by <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction (magnesiohornblende was intensively altered to chlinochlore). The plane acted as conduit for hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at some time in the past. The chemical influence of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> on mineralogical alteration and geomechanical processes in fault <span class="hlt">core</span> samples from SAFOD (San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth) is visible in pronounced dissolution-precipitation processes (stylolites, solution seams) as well as in the formation of new phases. Detrital quartz and feldspar grains are partially dissolved and replaced by authigenic illite-smectite (I-S) mixed-layer clay minerals. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging of these grains reveals that the alteration processes and healing were initiated within pores and small intra-grain fissures. Newly formed phyllosilicates growing into open pore spaces likely reduced the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> permeability. The mechanical influence of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is indicated by TEM observations, which document open pores that formed in-situ in the gouge material during or after deformation. Pores were possibly filled with formation water and/or hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> suggesting elevated <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure preventing pore collapse. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-driven healing of fractures in samples from SAFOD and the DGLab Gulf of Corinth project is visible in cementation. Cathodoluminescence microscopy (CL) reveals different generations of calcite veins. Differences in CL-colors suggest repeated infiltration of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> with different chemical composition from varying sources (formation and meteoric water).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........84R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........84R"><span>GPU accelerated study of heat transfer and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow by lattice Boltzmann method on CUDA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ren, Qinlong</p> <p></p> <p>Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed as a powerful numerical approach to simulate the complex <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow and heat transfer phenomena during the past two decades. As a mesoscale method based on the kinetic theory, LBM has several advantages compared with traditional numerical methods such as physical representation of microscopic interactions, dealing with complex geometries and highly parallel nature. Lattice Boltzmann method has been applied to solve various <span class="hlt">fluid</span> behaviors and heat transfer process like conjugate heat transfer, magnetic and electric field, diffusion and mixing process, chemical reactions, multiphase flow, phase change process, non-isothermal flow in porous medium, microfluidics, <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-structure interactions in biological system and so on. In addition, as a non-body-conformal grid method, the immersed boundary method (IBM) could be applied to handle the complex or moving geometries in the domain. The immersed boundary method could be coupled with lattice Boltzmann method to study the heat transfer and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow problems. Heat transfer and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow are solved on Euler nodes by LBM while the complex solid geometries are captured by Lagrangian nodes using immersed boundary method. Parallel computing has been a popular topic for many decades to accelerate the computational speed in engineering and scientific fields. Today, almost all the laptop and desktop have central processing units (CPUs) with multiple <span class="hlt">cores</span> which could be used for parallel computing. However, the cost of CPUs with hundreds of <span class="hlt">cores</span> is still high which limits its capability of high performance computing on personal computer. Graphic processing units (GPU) is originally used for the computer video cards have been emerged as the most powerful high-performance workstation in recent years. Unlike the CPUs, the cost of GPU with thousands of <span class="hlt">cores</span> is cheap. For example, the GPU (GeForce GTX TITAN) which is used in the current work has 2688 <span class="hlt">cores</span> and the price is only 1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016682','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016682"><span>An improved method for field extraction and laboratory analysis of large, intact soil <span class="hlt">cores</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Tindall, J.A.; Hemmen, K.; Dowd, J.F.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Various methods have been proposed for the extraction of large, undisturbed soil <span class="hlt">cores</span> and for subsequent analysis of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement within the <span class="hlt">cores</span>. The major problems associated with these methods are expense, cumbersome field extraction, and inadequate simulation of unsaturated flow conditions. A field and laboratory procedure is presented that is economical, convenient, and simulates unsaturated and saturated flow without interface flow problems and can be used on a variety of soil types. In the field, a stainless steel <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel is hydraulically pressed into the soil (30-cm diam. and 38 cm high), the barrel and <span class="hlt">core</span> are extracted from the soil, and after the barrel is removed from the <span class="hlt">core</span>, the <span class="hlt">core</span> is then wrapped securely with flexible sheet metal and a stainless mesh screen is attached to the bottom of the <span class="hlt">core</span> for support. In the laboratory the soil <span class="hlt">core</span> is set atop a porous ceramic plate over which a soil-diatomaceous earth slurry has been poured to assure good contact between plate and <span class="hlt">core</span>. A cardboard cylinder (mold) is fastened around the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the empty space filled with paraffin wax. Soil <span class="hlt">cores</span> were tested under saturated and unsaturated conditions using a hanging water column for potentials ???0. Breakthrough curves indicated that no interface flow occurred along the edge of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. This procedure proved to be reliable for field extraction of large, intact soil <span class="hlt">cores</span> and for laboratory analysis of solute transport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.tmp..141A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.tmp..141A"><span>Hamilton's principle and normal mode coupling in an aspherical planet with a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Al-Attar, David; Crawford, Ophelia; Valentine, Andrew P.; Trampert, Jeannot</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We apply Hamilton's principle to obtain the exact equations of motion for an elastic planet that is rotating, self-gravitating, and comprises both <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and solid regions. This variational problem is complicated by the occurrence of tangential slip at <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid boundaries, but we show how this can be accommodated both directly and using the method of Lagrange multipliers. A novelty of our approach is that the planet's motion is described relative to an arbitrary reference configuration, with this generality offering advantages for numerical calculations. In particular, aspherical topography on the free surface or internal boundaries of the planet's equilibrium configuration can be converted exactly into effective volumetric heterogeneities within a geometrically spherical reference body by applying a suitable particle relabelling transformation. The theory is then specialised to consider the linearised motion of a planet about a steadily rotating equilibrium configuration, with these results having applications to normal mode coupling calculations used within studies of long period seismology, tidal deformation, and related fields. In particular, we explain how our new theory will, for the first time, allow aspherical boundary topography to be incorporated exactly within such coupling calculations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800006662','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800006662"><span>High temperature UF6 RF plasma experiments applicable to uranium plasma <span class="hlt">core</span> reactors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Roman, W. C.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>An investigation was conducted using a 1.2 MW RF induction heater facility to aid in developing the technology necessary for designing a self critical fissioning uranium plasma <span class="hlt">core</span> reactor. Pure, high temperature uranium hexafluoride (UF6) was injected into an argon <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanically confined, steady state, RF heated plasma while employing different exhaust systems and diagnostic techniques to simulate and investigate some potential characteristics of uranium plasma <span class="hlt">core</span> nuclear reactors. The development of techniques and equipment for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanical confinement of RF heated uranium plasmas with a high density of uranium vapor within the plasma, while simultaneously minimizing deposition of uranium and uranium compounds on the test chamber peripheral wall, endwall surfaces, and primary exhaust ducts, is discussed. The material tests and handling techniques suitable for use with high temperature, high pressure, gaseous UF6 are described and the development of complementary diagnostic instrumentation and measurement techniques to characterize the uranium plasma, effluent exhaust gases, and residue deposited on the test chamber and exhaust system components is reported.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015303','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015303"><span>Constraints from <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions on sulfide precipitation mechanisms and ore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration in the Viburnum Trend lead district, Missouri</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rowan, E.L.; Leach, D.L.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Homogenization temperatures and freezing point depressions were determined for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions in Bonneterre Dolomite-hosted dolomite cements in mine samples, as well as drill <span class="hlt">core</span> from up to 13 km outside of the district. A well-defined cathodoluminescent zonation distinguishes dolomite growth zones as older or younger than main-stage mineralization. Homogenization temperatures and salinities in samples from mines are not systematically different from those of samples outside of the district. The absence of a significant, recognizable decrease in temperature either vertically within the section or east-west across the district, coupled with the minor amount of silica in the district, argues against cooling as a primary cause of sulfide precipitation. In a reduced sulfur mineralization model with Pb carried as chloride complexes, dilution is also a possible sulfide precipitation mechanism. The difference in Pb solubility in the extremes of the chloride concentration range, 3.9 vs. 5.9 molal, reaches 1 ppm only for pH values below approximately 4.5. The distribution of warm inclusions beyond the Viburnum Trend district implies that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration was regional in scale. Elevated temperatures observed in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions at shallow stratigraphic depths are consistent with a gravity flow hydrologic system characterized by rapid flow rates and the capacity for advective heat transport. -from Authors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1913791W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1913791W"><span>Quantifying multiscale porosity and fracture aperture distribution in granite <span class="hlt">cores</span> using computed tomography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wenning, Quinn; Madonna, Claudio; Joss, Lisa; Pini, Ronny</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Knowledge of porosity and fracture (aperture) distribution is key towards a sound description of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transport in low-permeability rocks. In the context of geothermal energy development, the ability to quantify the transport properties of fractures is needed to in turn quantify the rate of heat transfer, and, accordingly, to optimize the engineering design of the operation. In this context, <span class="hlt">core</span>-flooding experiments coupled with non-invasive imaging techniques (e.g., X-Ray Computed Tomography - X-Ray CT) represent a powerful tool for making direct observations of these properties under representative geologic conditions. This study focuses on quantifying porosity and fracture aperture distribution in a fractured westerly granite <span class="hlt">core</span> by using two recently developed experimental protocols. The latter include the use of a highly attenuating gas [Vega et al., 2014] and the application of the so-called missing CT attenuation method [Huo et al., 2016] to produce multidimensional maps of the pore space and of the fractures. Prior to the imaging experiments, the westerly granite <span class="hlt">core</span> (diameter: 5 cm, length: 10 cm) was thermally shocked to induce micro-fractured pore space; this was followed by the application of the so-called Brazilian method to induce a macroscopic fracture along the length of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The sample was then mounted in a high-pressure aluminum <span class="hlt">core</span>-holder, exposed to a confining pressure and placed inside a medical CT scanner for imaging. An initial compressive pressure cycle was performed to remove weak asperities and reduce the hysteretic behavior of the fracture with respect to effective pressure. The CT scans were acquired at room temperature and 0.5, 5, 7, and 10 MPa effective pressure under loading and unloading conditions. During scanning the pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure was undrained and constant, and the confining pressure was regulated at the desired pressure with a high precision pump. Highly transmissible krypton and helium gases were used as</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptFT..43...35S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptFT..43...35S"><span>Optical fiber F-P magnetic field sensor based on magnetostrictive effect of magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shi, Fuquan; Luo, Yan; Che, Jiajia; Ren, Zhijun; peng, Baojin</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>magnetic field sensor of air-gap Fabry-Perot fiber interferometersis proposed based on magnetostrictive effect. The sensor is consisted of single-model fiber (SMF), air-gap, no-<span class="hlt">core</span> fiber (NCF) and magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Those are sealed in the capillary, SMF and NCF are connect with air chamber and magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> column. With the presence of an external magnetic field, air chamber cavity length changes because of the magneto-volume variation of magnetic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. This situation causes a change in the optical path difference. Detection of the drift of interference spectrum leads to the detection of the change in magnetic field. When the magnetic field is parallel to the direction in which the capillary is placed, the sensitivity is 0.2347 nm/mT; when the magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is perpendicular to the direction in which the capillary is placed, the sensitivity is 0.325 nm/http://mT.%20In.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900050692&hterms=gravity+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dgravity%2Bearth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900050692&hterms=gravity+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dgravity%2Bearth"><span>Correction and update to 'The earth's C21 and S21 gravity coefficients and the rotation of the <span class="hlt">core</span>'</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wahr, John</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Wahr (1987) used satellite constraints on C21 and S21 (the spherical harmonic coefficients of the earth's external gravitational potential) to infer certain properties of the <span class="hlt">core</span> and <span class="hlt">core</span>/mantle boundary. It is shown here, contrary to the claim by Wahr, that it is not possible to use C21 and S21 to placed bounds on the <span class="hlt">core</span>'s products of inertia. As a result, Wahr's constraints on the l = 2, m = 1 components of the <span class="hlt">core</span>/mantle boundary topography and on the angular orientation of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> with respect to the earth's rotation vector are not justified. On the other hand, Wahr's conclusions about the time-averaged torque between the <span class="hlt">core</span> and mantle and the resulting implications for the l = 2, m = 1 components of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure at the top of the <span class="hlt">core</span> can be strengthened. Wahr's conclusions about the mean rotational flow in the <span class="hlt">core</span> are unaltered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018TePhL..44..217A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018TePhL..44..217A"><span>The Effect of the Air-Delivery Method on Parameters of the Precessing Vortex <span class="hlt">Core</span> in a Hydrodynamic Vortex Chamber</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alekseenko, S. V.; Shtork, S. I.; Yusupov, R. R.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The effect of the method of gas-phase injection into a swirled <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow on parameters of a precessing vortex <span class="hlt">core</span> is studied experimentally. Conditions of the appearance of the vortex-<span class="hlt">core</span> precession effect were modeled in a hydrodynamic sudden expansion vortex chamber. The dependences of the vortexcore precession frequency, flow-pulsation level, and full pressure differential in the vortex chamber on the consumption gas content in the flow have been obtained. The results of measurements permit one to determine optimum conditions for the most effective control of vortex-<span class="hlt">core</span> precession.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGeo..101....1L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGeo..101....1L"><span><span class="hlt">Fluids</span> in crustal deformation: <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> flow, <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions, rheology, melting and resources</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lacombe, Olivier; Rolland, Yann</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluids</span> exert a first-order control on the structural, petrological and rheological evolution of the continental crust. <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> interact with rocks from the earliest stages of sedimentation and diagenesis in basins until these rocks are deformed and/or buried and metamorphosed in orogens, then possibly exhumed. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-rock interactions lead to the evolution of rock physical properties and rock strength. Fractures and faults are preferred pathways for <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, and in turn physical and chemical interactions between <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow and tectonic structures, such as fault zones, strongly influence the mechanical behaviour of the crust at different space and time scales. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> (over)pressure is associated with a variety of geological phenomena, such as seismic cycle in various P-T conditions, hydrofracturing (including formation of sub-horizontal, bedding-parallel veins), fault (re)activation or gravitational sliding of rocks, among others. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> (over)pressure is a governing factor for the evolution of permeability and porosity of rocks and controls the generation, maturation and migration of economic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> like hydrocarbons or ore forming hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, and is therefore a key parameter in reservoir studies and basin modeling. <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> may also help the crust partially melt, and in turn the resulting melt may dramatically change the rheology of the crust.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021290','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021290"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-deposited graphitic inclusions in quartz: Comparison between KTB (German Continental Deep-Drilling) <span class="hlt">core</span> samples and artificially reequilibrated natural inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pasteris, J.D.; Chou, I.-Ming</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>We used Raman microsampling spectroscopy (RMS) to determine the degree of crystallinity of minute (2-15 ??m) graphite inclusions in quartz in two sets of samples: experimentally reequilibrated <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions in a natural quartz grain and biotite-bearing paragneisses from the KTB deep drillhole in SE Germany. Our sequential reequilibration experiments at 725??C on initially pure CO2 inclusions in a quartz wafer and the J. Krautheim (1993) experiments at 900-1100??C on organic compounds heated in gold or platinum capsules suggest that, at a given temperature, (1) <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-deposited graphite will have a lower crystallinity than metamorphosed organic matter and (2) that the crystallinity of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-deposited graphite is affected by the composition of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from which it was deposited. We determined that the precipitation of more-crystalline graphite is favored by lower fH2 (higher fO2), and that the crystallinity of graphite is established by the conditions (including gas fugacities) that pertain as the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> first reaches graphite saturation. Graphite inclusions within quartz grains in the KTB rocks show a wide range in crystallinity index, reflecting three episodes of carbon entrapment under different metamorphic conditions. Isolated graphite inclusions have the spectral properties of totally ordered, completely crystalline graphite. Such crystallinity suggests that the graphite was incorporated from the surrounding metasedimentary rocks, which underwent metamorphism at upper amphibolite-facies conditions. Much of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-deposited graphite in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions, however, shows some spectral disorder. The properties of that graphite resemble those of experimental precipitates at temperatures in excess of 700??C and at elevated pressures, suggesting that the inclusions represent precipitates from C-O-H <span class="hlt">fluids</span> trapped under conditions near those of peak metamorphism at the KTB site. In contrast, graphite that is intimately associated with chlorite and other</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S54A..05S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S54A..05S"><span>Hydro-geophysical responses to the injection of CO2 in <span class="hlt">core</span> plugs of Berea sandstone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Song, I.; Park, K. G.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We have built a laboratory-scale <span class="hlt">core</span> flooding system to measure the relative permeability of a <span class="hlt">core</span> sample and the acoustic response to the CO2 saturation degree at in situ condition of pressure and temperature down to a few kilometer depths. The system consisted of an acoustic velocity <span class="hlt">core</span> holder (AVC model from the <span class="hlt">Core</span> Laboratories) between upstream where CO2 and H2O were injected separately and downstream where the mixed <span class="hlt">fluids</span> came out of a <span class="hlt">core</span> sample. <span class="hlt">Core</span> samples with 4 cm in diameter and 5 cm in length of Berea sandstone were in turn placed in the <span class="hlt">core</span> holder for confining and axial pressures. The flooding operations of the multiphase <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were conducted through the sample at 40ºC in temperature and 8 MPa in backpressure. CO2 and H2O in the physical condition were injected separately into a sample at constant rate with various ratios. The two phases were mixed during flowing through the sample. The mixed <span class="hlt">fluids</span> out of the sample were separated again by their different densities in a chamber equipped with a level gauge of the interface. From the level change of the water in the separator, we measured the volume of water coming out of the sample for each test with a constant ratio of the injection rates. Then it was possible to calculate the saturation degree of CO2 from the difference between input volume and output volume of water. The differential pressure between upstream and downstream was directly measured to calculate the relative permeability as a function of the CO2 saturation degree. We also conducted ultrasonic measurements using piezoelectric sensors on the end plugs. An electric pulse was given to a sensor on one end of sample, and then ultrasonic waves were recorded from the other end. The various ratios of injection rate of CO2 and H2O into Berea sandstone yielded a range of 0.1-0.7 in CO2 saturation degree. The relative permeability was obtained at the condition of steady-state flow for given stages from the velocity of each phase and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhFl...23b1301G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhFl...23b1301G"><span>Respiratory <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grotberg, James B.</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>This article covers several aspects of respiratory <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics that have been actively investigated by our group over the years. For the most part, the topics involve two-phase flows in the respiratory system with applications to normal and diseased lungs, as well as therapeutic interventions. Specifically, the topics include liquid plug flow in airways and at airway bifurcations as it relates to surfactant, drug, gene, or stem cell delivery into the lung; liquid plug rupture and its damaging effects on underlying airway epithelial cells as well as a source of crackling sounds in the lung; airway closure from "capillary-elastic instabilities," as well as nonlinear stabilization from oscillatory <span class="hlt">core</span> flow which we call the "oscillating butter knife;" liquid film, and surfactant dynamics in an oscillating alveolus and the steady streaming, and surfactant spreading on thin viscous films including our discovery of the Grotberg-Borgas-Gaver shock.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22410083-characteristics-temperature-rise-variable-inductor-employing-magnetorheological-fluid-driven-high-frequency-pulsed-voltage-source','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22410083-characteristics-temperature-rise-variable-inductor-employing-magnetorheological-fluid-driven-high-frequency-pulsed-voltage-source"><span>Characteristics of temperature rise in variable inductor employing magnetorheological <span class="hlt">fluid</span> driven by a high-frequency pulsed voltage source</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lee, Ho-Young; Kang, In Man, E-mail: imkang@ee.knu.ac.kr; Shon, Chae-Hwa</p> <p>2015-05-07</p> <p>A variable inductor with magnetorheological (MR) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> has been successfully applied to power electronics applications; however, its thermal characteristics have not been investigated. To evaluate the performance of the variable inductor with respect to temperature, we measured the characteristics of temperature rise and developed a numerical analysis technique. The characteristics of temperature rise were determined experimentally and verified numerically by adopting a multiphysics analysis technique. In order to accurately estimate the temperature distribution in a variable inductor with an MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-gap, the thermal solver should import the heat source from the electromagnetic solver to solve the eddy current problem. Tomore » improve accuracy, the B–H curves of the MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> under operating temperature were obtained using the magnetic property measurement system. In addition, the Steinmetz equation was applied to evaluate the <span class="hlt">core</span> loss in a ferrite <span class="hlt">core</span>. The predicted temperature rise for a variable inductor showed good agreement with the experimental data and the developed numerical technique can be employed to design a variable inductor with a high-frequency pulsed voltage source.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Engineering+AND+Mechanics&pg=5&id=EJ1119706','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Engineering+AND+Mechanics&pg=5&id=EJ1119706"><span>Use of Facebook in Teaching: A Case Study of a <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mechanics Course</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mandavgane, Sachin A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> mechanics (FM) is a <span class="hlt">core</span> course of the chemical, mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering programs. Students have both theory and practical classes in FM. The general expectation is that students should be able to demonstrate the fundamentals learnt in theory and get hands-on experience during the lab course. In this regard, students…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhFl...29k2108S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhFl...29k2108S"><span>Effect of conducting <span class="hlt">core</span> on the dynamics of a compound drop in an AC electric field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soni, Purushottam; Dixit, Divya; Juvekar, Vinay A.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Dynamics of 0.1M NaCl/castor oil/silicone oil compound drop in an alternating electric field of frequency 1 Hz was investigated experimentally in a parallel plate electrode cell. A novel yet simple method was used for producing the compound drop with different ratios of the <span class="hlt">core</span> radius to shell radius. Deformation dynamics under both transient and cyclical steady states were recorded using high-speed imaging. We observed that with an increase in the radius ratio, deformation of the shell increases and that of the <span class="hlt">core</span> decreases. The temporal deformation of the <span class="hlt">core</span> always leads that of the shell. The phase lead between the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the shell is independent of electric field strength and salt concentration in the <span class="hlt">core</span> but strongly depends on the viscosity of the medium and radius ratio. At a small radius ratio, the breakup of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is similar to the disintegration of the isolated drop in an infinite <span class="hlt">fluid</span>; whereas the <span class="hlt">core</span> attends a diamond-like shape at a high radius ratio before ejecting the small droplets from the tips.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhPro..69..464B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhPro..69..464B"><span>Neutron Radiography of <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Flow for Geothermal Energy Research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bingham, P.; Polsky, Y.; Anovitz, L.; Carmichael, J.; Bilheux, H.; Jacobsen, D.; Hussey, D.</p> <p></p> <p>Enhanced geothermal systems seek to expand the potential for geothermal energy by engineering heat exchange systems within the earth. A neutron radiography imaging method has been developed for the study of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow through rock under environmental conditions found in enhanced geothermal energy systems. For this method, a pressure vessel suitable for neutron radiography was designed and fabricated, modifications to imaging instrument setups were tested, multiple contrast agents were tested, and algorithms developed for tracking of flow. The method has shown success for tracking of single phase flow through a manufactured crack in a 3.81 cm (1.5 inch) diameter <span class="hlt">core</span> within a pressure vessel capable of confinement up to 69 MPa (10,000 psi) using a particle tracking approach with bubbles of fluorocarbon-based <span class="hlt">fluid</span> as the ;particles; and imaging with 10 ms exposures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015HESSD..12.2799T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015HESSD..12.2799T"><span>Accelerated gravity testing of aquitard <span class="hlt">core</span> permeability and implications at formation and regional scale</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Timms, W. A.; Crane, R.; Anderson, D. J.; Bouzalakos, S.; Whelan, M.; McGeeney, D.; Rahman, P. F.; Guinea, A.; Acworth, R. I.</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Evaluating the possibility of leakage through low permeability geological strata is critically important for sustainable water supplies, the extraction of fuels from strata such as coal beds, and the confinement of waste within the earth. The current work demonstrates that relatively rapid and reliable hydraulic conductivity (K) measurement of aquitard <span class="hlt">cores</span> using accelerated gravity can inform and constrain larger scale assessments of hydraulic connectivity. Steady state <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity through a low K porous sample is linearly related to accelerated gravity (g-level) in a centrifuge permeameter (CP) unless consolidation or geochemical reactions occur. The CP module was custom designed to fit a standard 2 m diameter geotechnical centrifuge (550 g maximum) with a capacity for sample dimensions of 30 to 100 mm diameter and 30 to 200 mm in length, and a maximum total stress of ~2 MPa at the base of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. Formation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were used as influent to limit any shrink-swell phenomena which may alter the permeability. Vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) results from CP testing of <span class="hlt">cores</span> from three sites within the same regional clayey silt formation varied (10-7 to 10-9 m s-1, n = 14). Results at one of these sites (1.1 × 10-10 to 3.5 × 10-9 m s-1, n = 5) that were obtained in < 24 h were similar to in situ Kv values (3 × 10-9 m s-1) from pore pressure responses over several weeks within a 30 m clayey sequence. <span class="hlt">Core</span> scale and in situ Kv results were compared with vertical connectivity within a regional flow model, and considered in the context of heterogeneity and preferential flow paths at site and formation scale. More reliable assessments of leakage and solute transport though aquitards over multi-decadal timescales can be achieved by accelerated <span class="hlt">core</span> testing together with advanced geostatistical and numerical methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4021405','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4021405"><span>NEUTRONIC REACTOR <span class="hlt">CORE</span> INSTRUMENT</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Mims, L.S.</p> <p>1961-08-22</p> <p>A multi-purpose instrument for measuring neutron flux, coolant flow rate, and coolant temperature in a nuclear reactor is described. The device consists essentially of a hollow thimble containing a heat conducting element protruding from the inner wall, the element containing on its innermost end an amount of fissionsble materinl to function as a heat source when subjected to neutron flux irradiation. Thermocouple type temperature sensing means are placed on the heat conducting element adjacent the fissionable material and at a point spaced therefrom, and at a point on the thimble which is in contact with the coolant <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The temperature differentials measured between the thermocouples are determinative of the neutron flux, coolant flow, and temperature being measured. The device may be utilized as a probe or may be incorporated in a reactor <span class="hlt">core</span>. (AE C)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGP23A0910E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGP23A0910E"><span>Paleomagnetism and alteration of lower Paleozoic rocks and Precambrian basement in the SHADS No. 4 drill <span class="hlt">core</span>, Oklahoma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Evans, S. C.; Hamilton, M.; Hardwick, J.; Terrell, C.; Elmore, R. D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The chacterization of the lower Paleozoic sedimentary rock and the underlying Precambrian basement in northern Oklahoma is currently the subject of research to better understand induced seismicity in Oklahoma. We are investigating approximately 140 meters of igneous basement and over 300 meters of Ordovician Arbuckle Group carbonates and underlying sandstone in the Amoco SHADS No. 4 drill <span class="hlt">core</span> from Rogers Co., Oklahoma, to better understand the nature, origin, and timing of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> alteration and the relationship between <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in the Arbuckle Group and the basement. Preliminary attempts to orient the <span class="hlt">core</span> using the viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) method were unsuccessful, probably due to a steep drilling-induced component. The dolomitized Arbuckle Group contains a characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) with shallow inclinations (-5°) and variable declinations that, based on unblocking temperatures, is interpreted to reside in magnetite. This ChRM is interpreted as a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) acquired in the Permian based on the shallow inclinations. The CRM could be related to hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> which migrated into the rocks in the late Paleozoic, as other studies in northern Oklahoma have reported. The Arbuckle Group dolomites are porous and extensively altered and consist of several generations of dolomite, including baroque dolomite. The basement rock is andesitic to trachytic ignimbrite that exhibits extensive alteration. There are many near-vertical fractures mineralized with epidote that are cross cut by calcite-filled fractures. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements indicate an oblate fabric in the top of the basement and the overlying sandstones. At greater depths, the AMS is variable and may include both alteration and primary fabrics. Demagnetization of the basement rocks is in the initial stages. We are currently investigating if and how far the alteration in the Arbuckle Group extended into the basement</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995RvGeo..33S..33B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995RvGeo..33S..33B"><span>Melts and <span class="hlt">fluids</span>: An overview of recent advances</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brenan, James M.</p> <p>1995-07-01</p> <p>Owing to their capacity to transport mass and heat melts and low viscosity <span class="hlt">fluids</span> profoundly influence such global processes as planetary heat loss, large and small-scale planetary differentiation as well as affecting the evolution of oceans and atmospheres. As such, these materials play a key role in the physical and chemical volution of Earth, the terrestrial planets and the meteorite parent bodies. In this context, a review chapter that deals exclusively with recent advances in our understanding of the composition, properties, origin and volution of melts and <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is clearly relevant.1 Since 1991, a host of research advances has provided earth and planetary scientists with new and unique perspectives for understanding natural melts and low viscosity <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. New instrumentation has provided the basis for several advances, and perhaps most notable is the development and application of reaction cells that allow measurement of melt or <span class="hlt">fluid</span> properties in situ. Such devices have allowed workers to monitor properties at high pressure and temperature that are typically not preserved when samples are quenched to ambient conditions. In addition to the development of new machines, tried and true experimental and analytical technologies have also yielded significant new results on melts and <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, largely as a result of their clever application to the solution of what had been longstanding problems in geochemistry and petrology. Although laboratory-based measurements have provided the basis for many recent advances, it is also clear that the Earth still yields provocative samples for our study, and new insights have also been gained concerning the behavior of melts and <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in natural processes based on recent documentation of previously unobserved melt and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compositions. Along with new technologies, clever experiments and unique samples, it is also notable that strides have been made in certain research areas enjoying a resurgence of activity following new and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Metic..28R.455W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Metic..28R.455W"><span>The Role of Body Crystallization in Asteroidal <span class="hlt">Cores</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wasson, J. T.</p> <p>1993-07-01</p> <p>Large fractionations (factors of 2000-6000) in Ir/Ni and other ratios demonstrate that the magmatic groups of iron meteorites formed by fractional crystallization, and thus that the residual liquid remained well stirred during <span class="hlt">core</span> crystallization. Past models have relied on solidification at the base or the top of the <span class="hlt">core</span>, but body crystallization offers an attractive alternative. The simplest of the earlier models involved convective maxing induced by the liberation of heat and light elements (especially S) during upward crystallization from the center of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. Other models involving downward crystallization from the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle interface are based on the fact that temperatures at this location are slightly lower than those at the center; no whole-<span class="hlt">core</span> stirring mechanism is provided by these models. Haack and Scott recently published a variant of the downward crystallization model involving the growth of giant (kilometer-scale) dendrites. Because crystallization creates a boundary layer enriched in S that does not participate in the convection, these models require several K of supercooling to induce crystallization (this undercooling is much greater than the temperature difference between the center of the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle interface). Buoyant forces will occasionally remove droplets of the basal boundary <span class="hlt">fluid</span>; thus it was thinner and its degree of undercooling less than in that at the ceiling of the magma chamber. Homogeneous nucleation of metals is difficult to achieve; generally 200-300 K of undercooling is required, much more than could possibly occur in an asteroidal <span class="hlt">core</span>. Crystals could, however, nucleate in the magma body on chromite, probably the first liquidus phase (A. Kracher, personal communication, notes that this is required to explain why Cr behaved like a compatible element despite having a solid/liquid D < 1). In addition, some tiny, submillimeter dendrites that formed at the top of the <span class="hlt">core</span> must have pinched off and fallen into the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1212878D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1212878D"><span>The <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Flow Evolution During the Seismic Cycle Within Overpressured Fault Zones</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>de Paola, Nicola; Vanhunen, Jeroen; Collettini, Cristiano; Faulkner, Dan</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The integration of seismic reflection profiles with well-located earthquakes shows that the mainshocks of the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence (Mw < 6) nucleated at about 6 km depth, within the Triassic Evaporites, a 2 km thick sequence made of interbedded anhydrites and dolostones. Two boreholes, drilled northwest of the epicentral area, encountered CO2 <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressures at about 0.8 of the lithostatic load, at about 4 km depth. It has been proposed that the time-space evolution of the 1997 aftershock sequence, was driven by the coseismic release of trapped high-pressure <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (lv = 0.8), within the Triassic Evaporites. In order to understand whether CO2 <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressure can be maintained up to the coseismic period, and trigger earthquake nucleation, we modelled <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow through a mature fault zone within the Triassic Evaporites. We assume that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow within the fault zone occurs in accord with the Darcy's Law. Under this condition, a near lithostatic pore pressure gradient can develop, within the fault zone, when the upward transport of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> along the fault zone exceeds the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> loss in a horizontal direction. Our model's parameters are: a) Fault zone structure: model inputs have been obtained from large fault zone analogues derived from field observation. The architecture of large fault zones within the TE is given by a distinct fault <span class="hlt">core</span>, up to few meters thick, of very fine-grained fault rocks (cataclasites and fault gouge), where most of the shear strain has been accommodated, surrounded by a geometrically complex and heterogeneous damage zone (up to few tens of meters wide). The damage zone is characterized by adjacent zones of heavily fractured rocks (dolostones) and foliated rocks displaying little fracturing (anhydrites). b) Fault zone permeability: field data suggests that the permeability of the fault <span class="hlt">core</span> is relatively low due to the presence of fine grained fault rocks (k < 10E-18 m2). The permeability of the dolostones, within the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.9268M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.9268M"><span>Association of gas hydrate formation in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> discharges with anomalous hydrochemical profiles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matveeva, T.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p> exist under conditions of hydrate stability, diffusion of methane induces hydrate formation by segregation on the outside a boundary fresher/saline water. Geochemical analysis of the interstitial <span class="hlt">fluids</span> was used to define the mechanisms of GH accumulation and spatial distribution pattern of GHs in sediments from gas seeps abundant off NE Sakhaline Island (Sea of Okhotsk) (Matveeva et al., 2005; Mazurenko et al., submitted). A model of the ascending <span class="hlt">fluid</span> discharge along one of the seeps named CHAOS was made based on the measured chlorinity (salinity function) of the pore waters and calculated chlorinity gradients. The chloride ion distributionprofiles with depth at the CHAOS site represent alike increasing and decreasing trends both in hydrate-bearing and hydrate-free <span class="hlt">cores</span>. The model testifies an upward water infiltration of more saline water in vicinity of <span class="hlt">coring</span> stations recovered GHs and relatively desalinated water mostly around those hydrate-free. It was established that GH formation at the CHAOS site is focused at the locations of intensive ascending flow of water enriched by salts that is probably function of gas solubility in water in the equilibrium with hydrate supposing that the feature is responsible for the hydrate formation just at the locations of the saline water up flows (other conditions being equal). Another case study supporting direct relation of GH formation with anomalous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and possible GH formation just on the interface of water flows with different salinity (defining chemical potentials of the water) is fresh-water GH accumulation at the Malenkiy <span class="hlt">fluid</span> vent in the southern basin of Lake Baikal (Matveeva et al., 2003). The GH accumulation characterizes by heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of GH within a very small vent area. The spatial distribution of the GH-bearing and gas-saturated sediments suggests that several small <span class="hlt">fluid</span> vents exist within the Malenkiy structure. Based on <span class="hlt">coring</span> results, the size of these vents should not</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/883366','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/883366"><span>WETTABILITY AND PREDICTION OF OIL RECOVERY FROM RESERVOIRS DEVELOPED WITH MODERN DRILLING AND COMPLETION <span class="hlt">FLUIDS</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jill S. Buckley; Norman R. Morrow</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>The objectives of this project are: (1) to improve understanding of the wettability alteration of mixed-wet rocks that results from contact with the components of synthetic oil-based drilling and completion <span class="hlt">fluids</span> formulated to meet the needs of arctic drilling; (2) to investigate cleaning methods to reverse the wettability alteration of mixed-wet <span class="hlt">cores</span> caused by contact with these SBM components; and (3) to develop new approaches to restoration of wetting that will permit the use of <span class="hlt">cores</span> drilled with SBM formulations for valid studies of reservoir properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..276a2031R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..276a2031R"><span>Application of foam-extend on turbulent <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-structure interaction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rege, K.; Hjertager, B. H.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Turbulent flow around flexible structures is likely to induce structural vibrations which may eventually lead to fatigue failure. In order to assess the fatigue life of these structures, it is necessary to take the action of the flow on the structure into account, but also the influence of the vibrating structure on the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. This is achieved by performing <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-structure interaction (FSI) simulations. In this work, we have investigated the capability of a FSI toolkit for the finite volume computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics software foam-extend to simulate turbulence-induced vibrations of a flexible structure. A large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model has been implemented to a basic FSI problem of a flexible wall which is placed in a confined, turbulent flow. This problem was simulated for 2.32 seconds. This short simulation required over 200 computation hours, using 20 processor <span class="hlt">cores</span>. Thereby, it has been shown that the simulation of FSI with LES is possible, but also computationally demanding. In order to make turbulent FSI simulations with foam-extend more applicable, more sophisticated turbulence models and/or faster FSI iteration schemes should be applied.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSM.P41C..04S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSM.P41C..04S"><span>Tidal Excitation of the <span class="hlt">Core</span> Dynamo of Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seyed-Mahmoud, B.; Arkani-Hamed, J.; Aldridge, K.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>The lack of magnetic anomalies inside the giant impact basins Hellas, Isidis, Utopia and Argyre, inside the northern low lands, over the Tharsis bulge, and over the Tharsis and Olympus mounts suggests that the <span class="hlt">core</span> field of Mars ceased to exist by about 4 Gyr ago, almost when the giant basins were formed. On the other hand, the giant basins are located on a great circle, implying that the basins were likely produced by fragments of a large asteroid that broke apart as it entered the Roche limit of Mars. This scenario offers a causative relationship for the apparent coincidence of the formation of the giant basins and the cessation of the <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamo. We suggest that the <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamo was excited by tidally driven elliptical instability in the Martian <span class="hlt">core</span>. The breaking of the asteroid and its final impact on Mars eliminated the excitation and thus killed the dynamo. We show that a retrograde asteroid captured in a Keplerian orbit around Mars at a distance of about 50,000-100,000 km could orbit Mars for several hundreds of millions of years before impacting the planet due to the tidal coupling of the asteroid and Mars. Because of relatively very short growth time of the elliptical instability, less than 50,000 years, the asteroid was capable of retaining the elliptical instability and energizing the <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamo for a geologically long period prior to 4 Ga. Our laboratory observations of a parametric instability of a rotating incompressible <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, contained in a flexible-walled spherical cavity, confirm the possibility that an early Martian dynamo could have been powered by tidal straining.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3055904','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3055904"><span>Respiratory <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Grotberg, James B.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This article covers several aspects of respiratory <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics that have been actively investigated by our group over the years. For the most part, the topics involve two-phase flows in the respiratory system with applications to normal and diseased lungs, as well as therapeutic interventions. Specifically, the topics include liquid plug flow in airways and at airway bifurcations as it relates to surfactant, drug, gene, or stem cell delivery into the lung; liquid plug rupture and its damaging effects on underlying airway epithelial cells as well as a source of crackling sounds in the lung; airway closure from “capillary-elastic instabilities,” as well as nonlinear stabilization from oscillatory <span class="hlt">core</span> flow which we call the “oscillating butter knife;” liquid film, and surfactant dynamics in an oscillating alveolus and the steady streaming, and surfactant spreading on thin viscous films including our discovery of the Grotberg–Borgas–Gaver shock. PMID:21403768</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43D0556S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43D0556S"><span>Amphibole and felsic veins from the gabbroic oceanic <span class="hlt">core</span> complex of Atlantis Bank (Southwest Indian Ridge, IODP Hole U1473A): when the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> meets the melts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sanfilippo, A.; Tribuzio, R.; Antonicelli, M.; Zanetti, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We present a petrological/geochemical investigation of brown amphibole and felsic veins drilled during IODP 360 expedition at Atlantis Bank, a gabbroic oceanic <span class="hlt">core</span> complex from Southwest Indian Ridge. The main purpose of this study is to unravel the role of seawater and magmatic components in the origin of these veins. Brown amphibole veins were collected at 90-170 mbsf. These veins typically include minor modal amounts of plagioclase and are associated with alteration halos made up of brown amphibole and whitish milky plagioclase in host gabbros. Two sets of late magmatic felsic veins, which mostly consist of plagioclase and minor brown amphibole, were selected. Amphibole-plagioclase geothermometry (Holland and Blundy, 1994) documents that crystallization of brown amphibole and felsic veins occurred in the 850-700 °C interval. In the brown amphibole veins, amphibole and plagioclase have relatively low concentrations of incompatible trace elements and significant Cl (0.2-0.3 wt%). The development of these veins at near surface levels is therefore attributed to seawater-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span> migrating downward through cracks developing in the exhuming gabbro. To explain the high temperature estimates for the development of these shallow veins, however, the seawater-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span> must have interacted not only with the gabbros, but also with a high temperature magmatic component. This petrogenetic hypothesis is consistent with oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of amphiboles from shallow veins in adjacent Hole 735B gabbros (Alt and Bach, 2006). Trace element compositions of amphibole and plagioclase from the felsic veins show formation by silicate melts rich in incompatible elements. In addition, Cl concentrations in amphibole from the felsic veins are low, thereby indicating that the melts feeding these veins had low or no seawater component. We cautiously propose that: (i) the felsic veins were generated by SiO2-rich melts residual after crystallization of Fe</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARL35011S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARL35011S"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Fe(1 - x)Hx under extreme conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seclaman, Alexandra; Wilson, Hugh F.; Cohen, Ronald E.</p> <p></p> <p>We study the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> Fe-H binary system using first principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) and a new FPMD-based method, CATS, in order to compute efficiently and accurately the equation of state of Fe-H <span class="hlt">fluids</span> up to 5 TPa and 30,000K. We constructed GRBV-type LDA pseudopotentials for Fe and H with small rcuts in order to avoid pseudo-<span class="hlt">core</span> overlap. In the liquid Fe regime we find good agreement with previous works, up to the pressures where data is available. In the high density regime of pure H we also find good agreement with previous results. Previous work has been focused on low Fe concentrations in metallic liquid H. We extend previous studies by investigating several intermediate Fe(1 - x)Hx liquid compositions, as well as metallic liquid H and Fe. Preliminary results indicate extreme compositional pressure effects under isothermic and isochoric conditions, 3.9 TPa difference between Fe and H at 20,000K. Thermal pressure effects are comparatively small, 0.12-0.15 TPa per 10,000K for H and Fe, respectively. Equations of state will be presented and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> immiscibility will be discussed. This work has been supported by the ERC Advanced Grant ToMCaT and NSF and the Carnegie Institution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449118','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449118"><span>Trapping and propelling microparticles at long range by using an entirely stripped and slightly tapered no-<span class="hlt">core</span> optical fiber.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sheu, Fang-Wen; Huang, Yen-Si</p> <p>2013-02-28</p> <p>A stripped no-<span class="hlt">core</span> optical fiber with a 125 µm diameter was transformed into a symmetric and unbroken optical fiber that tapers slightly to a 45-µm-diameter waist. The laser light can be easily launched into the no-<span class="hlt">core</span> optical fiber. The enhanced evanescent wave of the slightly tapered no-<span class="hlt">core</span> optical fiber can attract nearby 5-µm-diameter polystyrene microparticles onto the surface of the tapered multimode optical fiber within fast flowing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and propel the trapped particles in the direction of the light propagation to longer delivery range than is possible using a slightly tapered telecom single-mode optical fiber.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8956397','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8956397"><span>Incidence of tissue <span class="hlt">coring</span> with the 25-gauge Quincke and Whitacre spinal needles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Campbell, D C; Douglas, M J; Taylor, G</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Tissue <span class="hlt">cores</span>, implanted into the subarachnoid space during subarachnoid injections, can develop into intraspinal lumbar epidermoid tumors. The availability of smaller needles has made spinal anesthesia more popular. Therefore, this prospective, randomized, blinded study was undertaken to determine whether tissue <span class="hlt">coring</span> occurs with two of the currently used 25-gauge spinal needles. Fifteen 25-gauge Quincke and seventeen 25-gauge Whitacre spinal needles, in which cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (CSF) was not identified and the local anesthetic solution not injected, were obtained from adult male patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. The needles were then evaluated by a pathologist following randomization with similar sterile, unused spinal needles. Twenty additional needles, ten of each type, in which CSF was identified and through which local anesthetic was injected, were also randomized with similar sterile, unused spinal needles and examined. Tissue <span class="hlt">cores</span> were identified in 12 of the 15 Quincke and 7 of the 17 Whitacre spinal needles in which CSF was not identified (P < .05). Of the 20 needles in which CSF was identified and local anesthetic injected, no tissue <span class="hlt">cores</span> were identified in the 10 Whitacre needles and only one small tissue <span class="hlt">core</span> was identified in the 10 Quincke needles. All the tissue <span class="hlt">cores</span> were identified as fat tissue. The 25-gauge Quincke and 25-gauge Whitacre spinal needles currently used in anesthesia can produce tissue <span class="hlt">coring</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......252K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......252K"><span>Third-generation site characterization: Cryogenic <span class="hlt">core</span> collection, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrical resistivity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kiaalhosseini, Saeed</p> <p></p> <p>. HTA of frozen <span class="hlt">core</span> was employed at the former refinery and FEW. Porosity and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturations (i.e., aqueous, non-aqueous liquid, and gas) from the former refinery indicate that given in situ freezing, the results are not biased by drainage of pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from the <span class="hlt">core</span> during sample collection. At FEW, a comparison between the results of HTA of the frozen <span class="hlt">core</span> collected in 2014 and the results of site characterization using unfrozen <span class="hlt">core</span>, (second-generation (2G) methods) at the same locations (performed in 2010) indicate consistently higher contaminant concentrations using C 3. Many factors contribute to the higher quantification of contaminant concentrations using C3. The most significant factor is the preservation of the sediment attributes, in particular, pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in comparison to the unfrozen conventional sediment <span class="hlt">core</span>. The NMR study was performed on laboratory-fabricated sediment <span class="hlt">core</span> to resolve NAPL distribution within the porous media qualitatively and quantitatively. The fabricated <span class="hlt">core</span> consisted of Colorado silica sand saturated with deionized water and trichloroethylene (TCE). The <span class="hlt">cores</span> were scanned with a BRUKER small-animal scanner (2.3 Tesla, 100 MHz) at 20 °C and while the <span class="hlt">core</span> was frozen at -25 °C. The acquired images indicated that freezing the water within the <span class="hlt">core</span> suppressed the NMR signals of water-bound hydrogen. The hydrogen associated with TCE was still detectable since the TCE was in its liquid state (melting point of TCE is -73 °C). Therefore, qualitative detection of TCE within the sediment <span class="hlt">core</span> was performed via the NMR scanning by freezing the water. A one-dimensional NMR scanning method was used for quantification of TCE mass distribution within the frozen <span class="hlt">core</span>. However, the results indicated inconsistency in estimating the total TCE mass within the porous media. Downhole NMR logging was performed at the former refinery in the western U.S. to detect NAPL and to discriminate NAPL from water in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhFl...30c0701P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhFl...30c0701P"><span>Pressure-driven flow of a Herschel-Bulkley <span class="hlt">fluid</span> with pressure-dependent rheological parameters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Panaseti, Pandelitsa; Damianou, Yiolanda; Georgiou, Georgios C.; Housiadas, Kostas D.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The lubrication flow of a Herschel-Bulkley <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in a symmetric long channel of varying width, 2h(x), is modeled extending the approach proposed by Fusi et al. ["Pressure-driven lubrication flow of a Bingham <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in a channel: A novel approach," J. Non-Newtonian <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mech. 221, 66-75 (2015)] for a Bingham plastic. Moreover, both the consistency index and the yield stress are assumed to be pressure-dependent. Under the lubrication approximation, the pressure at zero order depends only on x and the semi-width of the unyielded <span class="hlt">core</span> is found to be given by σ(x) = -(1 + 1/n)h(x) + C, where n is the power-law exponent and the constant C depends on the Bingham number and the consistency-index and yield-stress growth numbers. Hence, in a channel of constant width, the width of the unyielded <span class="hlt">core</span> is also constant, despite the pressure dependence of the yield stress, and the pressure distribution is not affected by the yield-stress function. With the present model, the pressure is calculated numerically solving an integro-differential equation and then the position of the yield surface and the two velocity components are computed using analytical expressions. Some analytical solutions are also derived for channels of constant and linearly varying widths. The lubrication solutions for other geometries are calculated numerically. The implications of the pressure-dependence of the material parameters and the limitations of the method are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMGP51A1069L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMGP51A1069L"><span>Towards magnetic sounding of the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> by an adjoint method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, K.; Jackson, A.; Livermore, P. W.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Earth's magnetic field is generated and sustained by the so called geodynamo system in the <span class="hlt">core</span>. Measurements of the geomagnetic field taken at the surface, downwards continued through the electrically insulating mantle to the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB), provide important constraints on the time evolution of the velocity, magnetic field and temperature anomaly in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>. The aim of any study in data assimilation applied to the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> is to produce a time-dependent model consistent with these observations [1]. Snapshots of these ``tuned" models provide a window through which the inner workings of the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>, usually hidden from view, can be probed. We apply a variational data assimilation framework to an inertia-free magnetohydrodynamic system (MHD) [2]. Such a model is close to magnetostrophic balance [3], to which we have added viscosity to the dominant forces of Coriolis, pressure, Lorentz and buoyancy, believed to be a good approximation of the Earth's dynamo in the convective time scale. We chose to study the MHD system driven by a static temperature anomaly to mimic the actual inner working of Earth's dynamo system, avoiding at this stage the further complication of solving for the time dependent temperature field. At the heart of the models is a time-dependent magnetic field to which the <span class="hlt">core</span>-flow is enslaved. In previous work we laid the foundation of the adjoint methodology, applied to a subset of the full equations [4]. As an intermediate step towards our ultimate vision of applying the techniques to a fully dynamic mode of the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> tuned to geomagnetic observations, we present the intermediate step of applying the adjoint technique to the inertia-free Navier-Stokes equation in continuous form. We use synthetic observations derived from evolving a geophysically-reasonable magnetic field profile as the initial condition of our MHD system. Based on our study, we also propose several different strategies for accurately</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.deepseadrilling.org/08/dsdp_toc.htm','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.deepseadrilling.org/08/dsdp_toc.htm"><span>Interstitial water studies on small <span class="hlt">core</span> samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 8</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Manheim, F.T.; Sayles, F.L.</p> <p>1971-01-01</p> <p>Leg 8 sites are dominated by siliceous-calcareous biogenic oozes having depositional rates of 0.1 to 1.5 cm/1000 years. Conservative constituents of pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> showed, as have <span class="hlt">cores</span> from other pelagic areas of the Pacific, insignificant or marginally significant changes with depth and location. However, in Sites 70 and 71, calcium, magnesium and strontium showed major shifts in concentration with depth. These changes appear to be related to recrystallization phenomena in skeletal debris of nannoplankton and to the relative accumulation rate of the sediments. The chemical anomalies increase relatively smoothly with depth, demonstrating the effectiveness of vertical diffusional communication, and apparent lack of bulk <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movement, as noted in Leg 7 and other sites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367377-novel-highly-dispersible-thermally-stable-core-shell-proppants-geothermal-applications','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367377-novel-highly-dispersible-thermally-stable-core-shell-proppants-geothermal-applications"><span>Novel highly dispersible, thermally stable <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell proppants for geothermal applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Childers, Ian M.; Endres, Mackenzie; Burns, Carolyne</p> <p></p> <p>The use of proppants during reservoir stimulation in tight oil and gas plays requires the introduction of highly viscous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to transport the proppants (µm–mm) with the fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The highly viscous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> required result in increased pump loads and energy costs. Furthermore, although proppant deployment with fracturing <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is a standard practice for unconventional oil and gas stimulation operations, there are only a few examples in the US of the applying proppant technology to geothermal energy production. This is due to proppant dissolution, proppant flowback and loss of permeability associated with the extreme temperatures found in enhanced geothermal systemsmore » (EGS). This work demonstrates proof-of-concept of a novel, CO2-responsive, lightweight sintered-bauxite/polymer <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell proppant. The polymer shell has two main roles; 1) increase the stability of the proppant dispersion in water without the addition of rheology modifiers, and 2) once at the fracture network react with CO2 to promote particle aggregation and prop fractures open. In this work, both of these roles are demonstrated together with the thermal and chemical stability of the materials showing the potential of these CO2-responsive proppants as an alternative proppant technology for geothermal and unconventional oil/gas applications.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRB..122..560C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRB..122..560C"><span>Dynamics of axial torsional libration under the mantle-inner <span class="hlt">core</span> gravitational interaction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chao, B. F.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The aims of this paper are (i) formulating the dynamics of the mantle-inner <span class="hlt">core</span> gravitational (MICG) interaction in terms of the spherical-harmonic multipoles of mass density. The modeled MICG system is composed of two concentric rigid bodies (mantle and inner <span class="hlt">core</span>) of near-spherical but otherwise heterogeneous configuration, with a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> in between playing a passive role. We derive the general equation of motion for the vector rotation but only focus on the polar component that describes the MICG axial torsional libration. The torsion constant and hence the square of the natural frequency of the libration is proportional to the product of the equatorial ellipticities of the mantle and inner-<span class="hlt">core</span> geoid embodied in their multipoles (of two different types) of degree 2 and order 2 (such as the Large Low-Shear-Velocity Provinces above the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary) and (ii) studying the geophysical implications upon equating the said MICG libration to the steady 6 year oscillation that are observed in the Earth's spin rate or the length-of-day variation (ΔLOD). In particular, the MICG torsion constant is found to be Γ>˜z = CIC σz2 ≈ 6.5 × 1019 N m, while the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>'s (BIC - AIC) ≈ 1.08 × 1031 kg m2 gives the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> triaxiality (BIC - AIC)/CIC ≈ 1.8 × 10-4, about 8 times the whole-Earth value. It is also asserted that the required inner-<span class="hlt">core</span> ellipticity amounts to no more than 140 m in geoid height, much smaller than the sensitivity required for the seismic wave travel time to resolve the variation of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19..610J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19..610J"><span>Numerical simulation based on <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis of a single fracture in an Enhanced Geothermal System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jarrahi, Miad; Holländer, Hartmut</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The permeability of reservoirs is widely affected by the presence of fractures dispersed within them, as they form superior paths for <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. <span class="hlt">Core</span> analysis studies the fractures characteristics and explains the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions to provide the information of permeability and saturation of a hydraulic fracturing reservoir or an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). This study conducted numerical simulations of a single fracture in a Granite <span class="hlt">core</span> obtained from a depth of 1890 m in borehole EPS1 from Soultz-sous-Forêts, France. Blaisonneau et al. (2016) designed the apparatus to investigate the complex physical phenomena on this cylindrical sample. The method of the tests was to percolate a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> through a natural fracture contained in a rock sample, under controlled thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions. A divergent radial flow within the fracture occurred due to the injection of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> into the center of the fracture. The tests were performed within a containment cell with a normal stress of 2.6, 4.9, 7.2 and 9.4 MPa loading on the sample perpendicular to the fracture plane. This experiment was numerically performed to provide an efficient numerical method by modeling single phase flow in between the fracture walls. Detailed morphological features of the fracture such as tortuosity and roughness, were obtained by image processing. The results included injection pressure plots with respect to injection flow rate. Consequently, by utilizing Hagen-Poiseuille's cubic law, the equivalent hydraulic aperture size, of the fracture was derived. Then, as the sample is cylindrical, to modify the Hagen-Poiseuille's cubic law for circular parallel plates, the geometric relation was applied to obtain modified hydraulic aperture size. Finally, intrinsic permeability of the fracture under each mechanical normal stress was evaluated based on modified hydraulic aperture size. The results were presented in two different scenarios, before and after reactive percolation test, to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855322','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855322"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> Hunter 3: flexible <span class="hlt">core</span> subset selection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>De Beukelaer, Herman; Davenport, Guy F; Fack, Veerle</p> <p>2018-05-31</p> <p><span class="hlt">Core</span> collections provide genebank curators and plant breeders a way to reduce size of their collections and populations, while minimizing impact on genetic diversity and allele frequency. Many methods have been proposed to generate <span class="hlt">core</span> collections, often using distance metrics to quantify the similarity of two accessions, based on genetic marker data or phenotypic traits. <span class="hlt">Core</span> Hunter is a multi-purpose <span class="hlt">core</span> subset selection tool that uses local search algorithms to generate subsets relying on one or more metrics, including several distance metrics and allelic richness. In version 3 of <span class="hlt">Core</span> Hunter (CH3) we have incorporated two new, improved methods for summarizing distances to quantify diversity or representativeness of the <span class="hlt">core</span> collection. A comparison of CH3 and <span class="hlt">Core</span> Hunter 2 (CH2) showed that these new metrics can be effectively optimized with less complex algorithms, as compared to those used in CH2. CH3 is more effective at maximizing the improved diversity metric than CH2, still ensures a high average and minimum distance, and is faster for large datasets. Using CH3, a simple stochastic hill-climber is able to find highly diverse <span class="hlt">core</span> collections, and the more advanced parallel tempering algorithm further increases the quality of the <span class="hlt">core</span> and further reduces variability across independent samples. We also evaluate the ability of CH3 to simultaneously maximize diversity, and either representativeness or allelic richness, and compare the results with those of the GDOpt and SimEli methods. CH3 can sample equally representative <span class="hlt">cores</span> as GDOpt, which was specifically designed for this purpose, and is able to construct <span class="hlt">cores</span> that are simultaneously more diverse, and either are more representative or have higher allelic richness, than those obtained by SimEli. In version 3, <span class="hlt">Core</span> Hunter has been updated to include two new <span class="hlt">core</span> subset selection metrics that construct <span class="hlt">cores</span> for representativeness or diversity, with improved performance. It combines and outperforms the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApGeo..13..375Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApGeo..13..375Z"><span>Digital <span class="hlt">core</span> based transmitted ultrasonic wave simulation and velocity accuracy analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, Wei; Shan, Rui</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Transmitted ultrasonic wave simulation (TUWS) in a digital <span class="hlt">core</span> is one of the important elements of digital rock physics and is used to study wave propagation in porous <span class="hlt">cores</span> and calculate equivalent velocity. When simulating wave propagates in a 3D digital <span class="hlt">core</span>, two additional layers are attached to its two surfaces vertical to the wave-direction and one planar wave source and two receiver-arrays are properly installed. After source excitation, the two receivers then record incident and transmitted waves of the digital rock. Wave propagating velocity, which is the velocity of the digital <span class="hlt">core</span>, is computed by the picked peak-time difference between the two recorded waves. To evaluate the accuracy of TUWS, a digital <span class="hlt">core</span> is fully saturated with gas, oil, and water to calculate the corresponding velocities. The velocities increase with decreasing wave frequencies in the simulation frequency band, and this is considered to be the result of scattering. When the pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are varied from gas to oil and finally to water, the velocity-variation characteristics between the different frequencies are similar, thereby approximately following the variation law of velocities obtained from linear elastic statics simulation (LESS), although their absolute values are different. However, LESS has been widely used. The results of this paper show that the transmission ultrasonic simulation has high relative precision.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.8270N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.8270N"><span>Numerical modelling of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions: Lessons learnt from carbonate rocks diagenesis studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nader, Fadi; Bachaud, Pierre; Michel, Anthony</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Quantitative assessment of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions and their impact on carbonate host-rocks has recently become a very attractive research topic within academic and industrial realms. Today, a common operational workflow that aims at predicting the relevant diagenetic processes on the host rocks (i.e. <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions) consists of three main stages: i) constructing a conceptual diagenesis model including inferred preferential <span class="hlt">fluids</span> pathways; ii) quantifying the resulted diagenetic phases (e.g. depositing cements, dissolved and recrystallized minerals); and iii) numerical modelling of diagenetic processes. Most of the concepts of diagenetic processes operate at the larger, basin-scale, however, the description of the diagenetic phases (products of such processes) and their association with the overall petrophysical evolution of sedimentary rocks remain at reservoir (and even outcrop/ well <span class="hlt">core</span>) scale. Conceptual models of diagenetic processes are thereafter constructed based on studying surface-exposed rocks and well <span class="hlt">cores</span> (e.g. petrography, geochemistry, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions). We are able to quantify the diagenetic products with various evolving techniques and on varying scales (e.g. point-counting, 2D and 3D image analysis, XRD, micro-CT and pore network models). Geochemical modelling makes use of thermodynamic and kinetic rules as well as data-bases to simulate chemical reactions and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions. This can be through a 0D model, whereby a certain process is tested (e.g. the likelihood of a certain chemical reaction to operate under specific conditions). Results relate to the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and mineral phases involved in the chemical reactions. They could be used as arguments to support or refute proposed outcomes of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions. Coupling geochemical modelling with transport (reactive transport model; 1D, 2D and 3D) is another possibility, attractive as it provides forward simulations of diagenetic processes and resulting phases. This</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ChJME..28.1030Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ChJME..28.1030Z"><span>Numerical simulation and experimental study of heat-<span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid coupling of double flapper-nozzle servo valve</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Jianhua; Zhou, Songlin; Lu, Xianghui; Gao, Dianrong</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>The double flapper-nozzle servo valve is widely used to launch and guide the equipment. Due to the large instantaneous flow rate of servo valve working under specific operating conditions, the temperature of servo valve would reach 120°C and the valve <span class="hlt">core</span> and valve sleeve deform in a short amount of time. So the control precision of servo valve significantly decreases and the clamping stagnation phenomenon of valve <span class="hlt">core</span> appears. In order to solve the problem of degraded control accuracy and clamping stagnation of servo valve under large temperature difference circumstance, the numerical simulation of heat-<span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid coupling by using finite element method is done. The simulation result shows that zero position leakage of servo valve is basically impacted by oil temperature and change of fit clearance. The clamping stagnation is caused by warpage-deformation and fit clearance reduction of the valve <span class="hlt">core</span> and valve sleeve. The distribution rules of the temperature and thermal-deformation of shell, valve <span class="hlt">core</span> and valve sleeve and the pressure, velocity and temperature field of flow channel are also analyzed. Zero position leakage and electromagnet's current when valve <span class="hlt">core</span> moves in full-stroke are tested using Electro-hydraulic Servo-valve Characteristic Test-bed of an aerospace sciences and technology corporation. The experimental results show that the change law of experimental current at different oil temperatures is roughly identical to simulation current. The current curve of the electromagnet is smooth when oil temperature is below 80°C, but the amplitude of current significantly increases and the hairy appears when oil temperature is above 80°C. The current becomes smooth again after the warped valve <span class="hlt">core</span> and valve sleeve are reground. It indicates that clamping stagnation is caused by warpage-deformation and fit clearance reduction of valve <span class="hlt">core</span> and valve sleeve. This paper simulates and tests the heat-<span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid coupling of double flapper-nozzle servo</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004011','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004011"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> channeling system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Davis, Donald Y. (Inventor); Hitch, Bradley D. (Inventor)</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fluid</span> channeling system includes a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> ejector, a heat exchanger, and a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pump disposed in series flow communication The ejector includes a primary inlet for receiving a primary <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and a secondary inlet for receiving a secondary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> which is mixed with the primary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and discharged therefrom as ejector discharge. Heat is removed from the ejector discharge in the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger discharge is compressed in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pump and channeled to the ejector secondary inlet as the secondary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> In an exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the primary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is greater than the maximum operating temperature of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motor powering the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pump using a portion of the ejector discharge, with the secondary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> being mixed with the primary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> so that the ejector discharge temperature is equal to about the maximum operating temperature of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H43I1763Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H43I1763Z"><span>A Novel CO2-Responsive Viscoelastic Amphiphilic Surfactant <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> for Fracking in Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhong, L.; Wu, X.; Dai, C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Over the past decade, the rapid rise of unconventional shale gas and tight sandstone oil development through horizontal drilling and high volume hydraulic fracturing has expanded the extraction of hydrocarbon resources. Hydraulic fracturing <span class="hlt">fluids</span> play very important roles in enhanced oil/gas recovery. However, damage to the reservoir rock and environmental contamination caused by hydraulic fracturing flowback <span class="hlt">fluids</span> has raised serious concerns. The development of reservoir rock friendly and environmental benign fracturing <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is in immediate demand. Studies to improve properties of hydraulic fracturing <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have found that viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> can increase the productivity of gas/oil and be efficiently extracted after fracturing. Compared to conventional polymer fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, VES fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> has many advantages, such as few components, easy preparation, good proppant transport capacity, low damage to cracks and formations, and environment friendly. In this work, we are developing a novel CO2-responsive VES fracking <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that can readily be reused. This <span class="hlt">fluid</span> has a gelling-breaking process that can be easily controlled by the presence of CO2 and its pressure. We synthesized erucamidopropyl dimethylamine (EA) as a thickening agent for hydraulic fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The influence of temperature, presence of CO2 and pressure on the viscoelastic behavior of this <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was then investigated through rheological measurements. The fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> performance and recycle property were lastly studied using <span class="hlt">core</span> flooding tests. We expect this <span class="hlt">fluid</span> finds applications not only in enhanced oil/gas recovery, but also in areas such as controlling groundwater pollution and microfluidics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815169B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1815169B"><span>Noble gases in gas shales : Implications for gas retention and circulating <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Basu, Sudeshna; Jones, Adrian; Verchovsky, Alexander</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Gas shales from three <span class="hlt">cores</span> of Haynesville-Bossier formation have been analysed simultaneously for carbon, nitrogen and noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Xe) to constrain their source compositions and identify signatures associated with high gas retention. Ten samples from varying depths of 11785 to 12223 feet from each <span class="hlt">core</span>, retrieved from their centres, have been combusted from 200-1200°C in incremental steps of 100°C, using 5 - 10 mg of each sample. Typically, Xe is released at 200°C and is largely adsorbed, observed in two of the three <span class="hlt">cores</span>. The third <span class="hlt">core</span> lacked any measureable Xe. High 40Ar/36Ar ratio up to 8000, is associated with peak release of nitrogen with distinctive isotopic signature, related to breakdown of clay minerals at 500°C. He and Ne are also mostly released at the same temperature step and predominantly hosted in the pore spaces of the organic matter associated with the clay. He may be produced from the uranium related to the organic matter. The enrichment factors of noble gases defined as (iX/36Ar)sample/(iX/36Ar)air where iX denotes any noble gas isotope, show Ne and Xe enrichment observed commonly in sedimentary rocks including shales (Podosek et al., 1980; Bernatowicz et al., 1984). This can be related to interaction of the shales with circulating <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and diffusive separation of gases (Torgersen and Kennedy, 1999), implying the possibility of loss of gases from these shales. Interaction with circulating <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (e.g. crustal <span class="hlt">fluids</span>) have been further confirmed using 20Ne/N2, 36Ar/N2 and 4He/N2 ratios. Deviations of measured 4He/40Ar* (where 40Ar* represents radiogenic 40Ar after correcting for contribution from atmospheric Ar) from expected values has been used to monitor gas loss by degassing. Bernatowicz, T., Podosek, F.A., Honda, M., Kramer, F.E., 1984. The Atmospheric Inventory of Xenon and Noble Gases in Shales: The Plastic Bag Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 4597-4611. Podosek, F.A., Honda, M., Ozima, M., 1980</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19143485','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19143485"><span>High refractive index nanocomposite <span class="hlt">fluids</span> for immersion lithography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bremer, L; Tuinier, R; Jahromi, S</p> <p>2009-02-17</p> <p>The concept of using dispersions of nanoparticles as high refractive index <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in immersion lithography is examined both from a theoretical and experimental point of view. In the theoretical part we show that gelation and demixing can be controlled in high solid dispersions, needed to achieve a high (refractive) index, by using short stabilizing brushes. We considered both <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> demixing by using statistical thermodynamics and percolation, computed using liquid-state approaches. Whenever demixing or percolation takes place, the nanoparticle dispersion is unsuited for immersion lithography. The minimum thickness of the stabilizer layer of a stable suspension is estimated assuming particles plus steric stabilizer to act as hard spheres with van der Waals attraction between the <span class="hlt">cores</span>. Since the van der Waals attraction can be related to the optical properties of the particles and dispersion medium, it is also possible to estimate the refractive index that can be attained with composite immersion <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Using materials that are known to be highly transparent in the bulk at a wavelength of 193 nm, indices above 1.8 can be attained. Other materials with higher indices are expected to be transparent at 193 nm due to a blue shift of the UV absorption and enable much higher indices. In the experiment, we show that it is possible to prepare suspensions with particles of about 4 nm diameter that increase the refractive index of the continuous phase with 0.2 at a wavelength of 193 nm. The refractive index and density of such dispersions are proportional to the volume fraction of the disperse phase, and it is shown that the refractive index of the composite <span class="hlt">fluid</span> can be predicted very well from the optical properties of the components. Furthermore, successful imaging experiments were performed through a dispersion of silica nanoparticles. These findings lead to the conclusion that immersion lithography using nanoparticle dispersions is indeed possible.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29276629','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29276629"><span>Should Workers Avoid Consumption of Chilled <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> in a Hot and Humid Climate?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brearley, Matt B</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Despite provision of drinking water as the most common method of occupational heat stress prevention, there remains confusion in hydration messaging to workers. During work site interactions in a hot and humid climate, workers commonly report being informed to consume tepid <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to accelerate rehydration. When questioned on the evidence supporting such advice, workers typically cite that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> absorption is delayed by ingestion of chilled beverages. Presumably, delayed absorption would be a product of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> delivery from the gut to the intestines, otherwise known as gastric emptying. Regulation of gastric emptying is multifactorial, with gastric volume and beverage energy density the primary factors. If gastric emptying is temperature dependent, the impact of cooling is modest in both magnitude and duration (≤ 5 minutes) due to the warming of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> upon ingestion, particularly where workers have elevated <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature. Given that chilled beverages are most preferred by workers, and result in greater consumption than warm <span class="hlt">fluids</span> during and following physical activity, the resultant increased consumption of chilled <span class="hlt">fluids</span> would promote gastric emptying through superior gastric volume. Hence, advising workers to avoid cool/cold <span class="hlt">fluids</span> during rehydration appears to be a misinterpretation of the research. More appropriate messaging to workers would include the thermal benefits of cool/cold <span class="hlt">fluid</span> consumption in hot and humid conditions, thereby promoting autonomy to trial chilled beverages and determine personal preference. In doing so, temperature-based palatability would be maximized and increase the likelihood of workers maintaining or restoring hydration status during and after their work shift.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H21G1574J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H21G1574J"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> analysis of heterogeneous rocks using experimental observations and digital whole <span class="hlt">core</span> simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jackson, S. J.; Krevor, S. C.; Agada, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A number of studies have demonstrated the prevalent impact that small-scale rock heterogeneity can have on larger scale flow in multiphase flow systems including petroleum production and CO2sequestration. Larger scale modeling has shown that this has a significant impact on <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow and is possibly a significant source of inaccuracy in reservoir simulation. Yet no <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis protocol has been developed that faithfully represents the impact of these heterogeneities on flow functions used in modeling. Relative permeability is derived from <span class="hlt">core</span> floods performed at conditions with high flow potential in which the impact of capillary heterogeneity is voided. A more accurate representation would be obtained if measurements were made at flow conditions where the impact of capillary heterogeneity on flow is scaled to be representative of the reservoir system. This, however, is generally impractical due to laboratory constraints and the role of the orientation of the rock heterogeneity. We demonstrate a workflow of combined observations and simulations, in which the impact of capillary heterogeneity may be faithfully represented in the derivation of upscaled flow properties. Laboratory measurements that are a variation of conventional protocols are used for the parameterization of an accurate digital rock model for simulation. The relative permeability at the range of capillary numbers relevant to flow in the reservoir is derived primarily from numerical simulations of <span class="hlt">core</span> floods that include capillary pressure heterogeneity. This allows flexibility in the orientation of the heterogeneity and in the range of flow rates considered. We demonstrate the approach in which digital rock models have been developed alongside <span class="hlt">core</span> flood observations for three applications: (1) A Bentheimer sandstone with a simple axial heterogeneity to demonstrate the validity and limitations of the approach, (2) a set of reservoir rocks from the Captain sandstone in the UK North Sea targeted</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.B32C..06D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.B32C..06D"><span>Geochemistry of pore-<span class="hlt">fluids</span> related to the distribution of the biological communities on the giant Regab pockmark, off Gabon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>de Prunelé, A.; Caprais, J.; Ruffine, L.; Cassarino, L.; Guyader, V.; Bollinger, C.; Ondréas, H.; Donval, J.; Olu, K.; Geli, L. B.; Cunningham, K. L.; Cauquil, E.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The Regab pockmark is a giant structure located at 3200 m water depth offshore Gabon and ~ 10 km north to the deep Congo channel (Zaïre canyon) (Gay et al. 2006; Ondréas et al. 2005). It has been visited for the first time in 2000 during the Zairov cruise. Since that time, several scientific cruises have allowed further investigations of this pockmark. The last cruise, WACS, for West Africa Cold Seeps, in January- February 2010, was undertaken on board the R/V ';Pourquoi Pas?' with the aim of identifying changes which can occur over time on this pockmark. Besides intensive ROV dives, three calypso <span class="hlt">cores</span> and several push <span class="hlt">cores</span> have been collected to better understand the relationships between the distribution of the living communities and the pore-<span class="hlt">fluids</span> chemistry. In two calypso <span class="hlt">cores</span> one collected within the pockmark and one outside, and both in areas without visible biological communities, pore-<span class="hlt">fluids</span> profiles of dissolved elements (Alk, SO42-, Mn2+, Fe2+) show that degradation of organic matter is occurring and likely plays an important role in the sulfate reduction (Froelich et al. 1979). Methane was not detected. The Analysis of the pore-<span class="hlt">fluids</span> by Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) has shown the presence of alcohols, acid and phenol. These molecules are likely related to the degradation of organic matter and/or the production of the biological communities. Further investigations are ongoing to provide us with a clearer picture regarding the source of these molecules. The third calypso <span class="hlt">core</span> collected in the northeast part of the pockmark containing gas hydrates. Sulfate profiles from the push <span class="hlt">cores</span> show significant difference from one community to another. The analyses of both major and minor dissolved elements, along with molecular and isotopic methane concentration measurements are in progress for the push <span class="hlt">cores</span>. The latter was done using a new analyzer G2201-i from Picarro for which new methods applied to pore-<span class="hlt">fluids</span> has</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012IJCFD..26..193D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012IJCFD..26..193D"><span>A heterogeneous system based on GPU and multi-<span class="hlt">core</span> CPU for real-time <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and rigid body simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>da Silva Junior, José Ricardo; Gonzalez Clua, Esteban W.; Montenegro, Anselmo; Lage, Marcos; Dreux, Marcelo de Andrade; Joselli, Mark; Pagliosa, Paulo A.; Kuryla, Christine Lucille</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>Computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics in simulation has become an important field not only for physics and engineering areas but also for simulation, computer graphics, virtual reality and even video game development. Many efficient models have been developed over the years, but when many contact interactions must be processed, most models present difficulties or cannot achieve real-time results when executed. The advent of parallel computing has enabled the development of many strategies for accelerating the simulations. Our work proposes a new system which uses some successful algorithms already proposed, as well as a data structure organisation based on a heterogeneous architecture using CPUs and GPUs, in order to process the simulation of the interaction of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and rigid bodies. This successfully results in a two-way interaction between them and their surrounding objects. As far as we know, this is the first work that presents a computational collaborative environment which makes use of two different paradigms of hardware architecture for this specific kind of problem. Since our method achieves real-time results, it is suitable for virtual reality, simulation and video game <span class="hlt">fluid</span> simulation problems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513300H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1513300H"><span>Modeling and comparative study of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocities in heterogeneous rocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hingerl, Ferdinand F.; Romanenko, Konstantin; Pini, Ronny; Balcom, Bruce; Benson, Sally</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Detailed knowledge of the distribution of effective porosity and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocities in heterogeneous rock samples is crucial for understanding and predicting spatially resolved <span class="hlt">fluid</span> residence times and kinetic reaction rates of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions. The applicability of conventional MRI techniques to sedimentary rocks is limited by internal magnetic field gradients and short spin relaxation times. The approach developed at the UNB MRI Centre combines the 13-interval Alternating-Pulsed-Gradient Stimulated-Echo (APGSTE) scheme and three-dimensional Single Point Ramped Imaging with T1 Enhancement (SPRITE). These methods were designed to reduce the errors due to effects of background gradients and fast transverse relaxation. SPRITE is largely immune to time-evolution effects resulting from background gradients, paramagnetic impurities and chemical shift. Using these techniques quantitative 3D porosity maps as well as single-phase <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity fields in sandstone <span class="hlt">core</span> samples were measured. Using a new Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique developed at the MRI Centre at UNB, we created 3D maps of porosity distributions as well as single-phase <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity distributions of sandstone rock samples. Then, we evaluated the applicability of the Kozeny-Carman relationship for modeling measured <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity distributions in sandstones samples showing meso-scale heterogeneities using two different modeling approaches. The MRI maps were used as reference points for the modeling approaches. For the first modeling approach, we applied the Kozeny-Carman relationship to the porosity distributions and computed respective permeability maps, which in turn provided input for a CFD simulation - using the Stanford CFD code GPRS - to compute averaged velocity maps. The latter were then compared to the measured velocity maps. For the second approach, the measured velocity distributions were used as input for inversely computing permeabilities using the GPRS CFD code. The computed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000GeoJI.141..485R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000GeoJI.141..485R"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> flow inversion tested with numerical dynamo models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rau, Steffen; Christensen, Ulrich; Jackson, Andrew; Wicht, Johannes</p> <p>2000-05-01</p> <p>We test inversion methods of geomagnetic secular variation data for the pattern of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow near the surface of the <span class="hlt">core</span> with synthetic data. These are taken from self-consistent 3-D models of convection-driven magnetohydrodynamic dynamos in rotating spherical shells, which generate dipole-dominated magnetic fields with an Earth-like morphology. We find that the frozen-flux approximation, which is fundamental to all inversion schemes, is satisfied to a fair degree in the models. In order to alleviate the non-uniqueness of the inversion, usually a priori conditions are imposed on the flow; for example, it is required to be purely toroidal or geostrophic. Either condition is nearly satisfied by our model flows near the outer surface. However, most of the surface velocity field lies in the nullspace of the inversion problem. Nonetheless, the a priori constraints reduce the nullspace, and by inverting the magnetic data with either one of them we recover a significant part of the flow. With the geostrophic condition the correlation coefficient between the inverted and the true velocity field can reach values of up to 0.65, depending on the choice of the damping parameter. The correlation is significant at the 95 per cent level for most spherical harmonic degrees up to l=26. However, it degrades substantially, even at long wavelengths, when we truncate the magnetic data sets to l <= 14, that is, to the resolution of <span class="hlt">core</span>-field models. In some of the latter inversions prominent zonal currents, similar to those seen in <span class="hlt">core</span>-flow models derived from geomagnetic data, occur in the equatorial region. However, the true flow does not contain this flow component. The results suggest that some meaningful information on the <span class="hlt">core</span>-flow pattern can be retrieved from secular variation data, but also that the limited resolution of the magnetic <span class="hlt">core</span> field could produce serious artefacts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5378630','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5378630"><span>Apparatus for suppressing formation of vortices in the coolant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of a nuclear reactor and associated method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Ekeroth, D.E.; Garner, D.C.; Hopkins, R.J.; Land, J.T.</p> <p>1993-11-30</p> <p>An apparatus and method are provided for suppressing the formation of vortices in circulating coolant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of a nuclear reactor. A vortex-suppressing plate having a plurality of openings therein is suspended within the lower plenum of a reactor vessel below and generally parallel to the main <span class="hlt">core</span> support of the reactor. The plate is positioned so as to intersect vortices which may form in the circulating reactor coolant <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The intersection of the plate with such vortices disrupts the rotational flow pattern of the vortices, thereby disrupting the formation thereof. 3 figures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869049','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869049"><span>Apparatus for suppressing formation of vortices in the coolant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of a nuclear reactor and associated method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Ekeroth, Douglas E.; Garner, Daniel C.; Hopkins, Ronald J.; Land, John T.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>An apparatus and method are provided for suppressing the formation of vortices in circulating coolant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of a nuclear reactor. A vortex-suppressing plate having a plurality of openings therein is suspended within the lower plenum of a reactor vessel below and generally parallel to the main <span class="hlt">core</span> support of the reactor. The plate is positioned so as to intersect vortices which may form in the circulating reactor coolant <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The intersection of the plate with such vortices disrupts the rotational flow pattern of the vortices, thereby disrupting the formation thereof.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9151E..5FL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9151E..5FL"><span><span class="hlt">Core-to-core</span> uniformity improvement in multi-<span class="hlt">core</span> fiber Bragg gratings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lindley, Emma; Min, Seong-Sik; Leon-Saval, Sergio; Cvetojevic, Nick; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Lawrence, Jon; Gris-Sanchez, Itandehui; Birks, Tim; Haynes, Roger; Haynes, Dionne</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Multi-<span class="hlt">core</span> fiber Bragg gratings (MCFBGs) will be a valuable tool not only in communications but also various astronomical, sensing and industry applications. In this paper we address some of the technical challenges of fabricating effective multi-<span class="hlt">core</span> gratings by simulating improvements to the writing method. These methods allow a system designed for inscribing single-<span class="hlt">core</span> fibers to cope with MCFBG fabrication with only minor, passive changes to the writing process. Using a capillary tube that was polished on one side, the field entering the fiber was flattened which improved the coverage and uniformity of all <span class="hlt">cores</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3658720','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3658720"><span>Trapping and Propelling Microparticles at Long Range by Using an Entirely Stripped and Slightly Tapered No-<span class="hlt">Core</span> Optical Fiber</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sheu, Fang-Wen; Huang, Yen-Si</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A stripped no-<span class="hlt">core</span> optical fiber with a 125 μm diameter was transformed into a symmetric and unbroken optical fiber that tapers slightly to a 45-μm-diameter waist. The laser light can be easily launched into the no-<span class="hlt">core</span> optical fiber. The enhanced evanescent wave of the slightly tapered no-<span class="hlt">core</span> optical fiber can attract nearby 5-μm-diameter polystyrene microparticles onto the surface of the tapered multimode optical fiber within fast flowing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and propel the trapped particles in the direction of the light propagation to longer delivery range than is possible using a slightly tapered telecom single-mode optical fiber. PMID:23449118</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040013293&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040013293&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>Mass Redistribution in the <span class="hlt">Core</span> and Time-varying Gravity at the Earth's Surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kuang, Wei-Jia; Chao, Benjamin F.; Fang, Ming</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The Earth's liquid outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is in convection, as suggested by the existence of the geomagnetic field in much of the Earth's history. One consequence of the convection is the redistribution of mass resulting from relative motion among <span class="hlt">fluid</span> parcels with slightly different densities. This time dependent mass redistribution inside the <span class="hlt">core</span> produces a small perturbation on the gravity field of the Earth. With our numerical dynamo solutions, we find that the mass redistribution (and the resultant gravity field) symmetric about the equator is much stronger than that anti-symmetric about the equator. In particular, J(sub 2) component is the strongest. In addition, the gravity field variation increases with the Rayleigh number that measures the driving force for the geodynamo in the <span class="hlt">core</span>. With reasonable scaling from the current dynamo solutions, we could expect that at the surface of the Earth, the J(sub 2) variation from the <span class="hlt">core</span> is on the order of l0(exp -16)/year relative to the mean (i.e. spherically symmetric) gravity field of the Earth. The possible shielding effect due to <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary pressure variation loading is likely much smaller and is therefore negligible. Our results suggest that time-varying gravity field perturbation due to <span class="hlt">core</span> mass redistribution may be measured with modem space geodetic observations, which will result a new means of detecting dynamical processes in the Earth's deep interior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11334097','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11334097"><span>The effects of <span class="hlt">core</span> and peripheral warming methods on temperature and physiologic variables in injured children.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bernardo, L M; Gardner, M J; Lucke, J; Ford, H</p> <p>2001-04-01</p> <p>Injured children are at risk for thermoregulatory compromise, where temperature maintenance mechanisms are overwhelmed by severe injury, environmental exposure, and resuscitation measures. Adequate thermoregulation can be maintained, and heat loss can be prevented, by <span class="hlt">core</span> (administration of warmed intravenous <span class="hlt">fluid</span>) and peripheral (application of convective air warming) methods. It is not known which warming method is better to maintain thermoregulation and prevent heat loss in injured children during their trauma resuscitations. The purpose of this feasibility study was to compare the effects of <span class="hlt">core</span> and peripheral warming measures on body temperature and physiologic changes in a small sample of injured children during their initial emergency department (ED) treatment. A prospective, randomized experimental design was used. Eight injured children aged 3 to 14 years (mean = 6.87, SD = 3.44 ) treated in the ED of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh were enrolled. Physiologic responses (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, arterial oxygen saturation, <span class="hlt">core</span>, peripheral temperatures) and level of consciousness were continuously measured and recorded every 5 minutes to detect early thermoregulatory compromise and to determine the child's response to warming. Data were collected throughout the resuscitation period, including transport to CT scan, the inpatient nursing unit, intensive care unit, operating room or discharge to home. <span class="hlt">Core</span> warming was accomplished with the Hotline <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Warmer (Sims Level 1, Inc., Rockland, MA), and peripheral warming was accomplished with the Snuggle Warm Convective Warming System (Sins Level 1, Inc., Rockland, MA). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups on age (t = -0.485, P = 0.645); weight (t = -0.005, P = 0.996); amount of prehospital intravenous (IV) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (t = 0314, P = 0.766); temperature on ED arrival (t = 0.287, P = 0</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009CNSNS..14.2971S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009CNSNS..14.2971S"><span>Mathematical modeling of pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in stenosed arteries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sankar, D. S.; Lee, Usik</p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>The pulsatile flow of blood through mild stenosed artery is studied. The effects of pulsatility, stenosis and non-Newtonian behavior of blood, treating the blood as Herschel-Bulkley <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, are simultaneously considered. A perturbation method is used to analyze the flow. The expressions for the shear stress, velocity, flow rate, wall shear stress, longitudinal impedance and the plug <span class="hlt">core</span> radius have been obtained. The variations of these flow quantities with different parameters of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> have been analyzed. It is found that, the plug <span class="hlt">core</span> radius, pressure drop and wall shear stress increase with the increase of yield stress or the stenosis height. The velocity and the wall shear stress increase considerably with the increase in the amplitude of the pressure drop. It is clear that for a given value of stenosis height and for the increasing values of the stenosis shape parameter from 3 to 6, there is a sharp increase in the impedance of the flow and also the plots are skewed to the right-hand side. It is observed that the estimates of the increase in the longitudinal impedance increase with the increase of the axial distance or with the increase of the stenosis height. The present study also brings out the effects of asymmetric of the stenosis on the flow quantities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990105708&hterms=activity+Physics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dactivity%2BPhysics','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990105708&hterms=activity+Physics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dactivity%2BPhysics"><span>Overview of <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics Activities at the Marshall Space Flight Center</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Garcia, Roberto; Griffin, Lisa W.; Wang, Ten-See</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Since its inception 40 years ago, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has had the need to maintain and advance state-of-the-art flow analysis and cold-flow testing capability to support its roles and missions. This overview discusses the recent organizational changes that have occurred at MSFC with emphasis on the resulting three groups that form the <span class="hlt">core</span> of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics expertise at MSFC: the <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Physics and Dynamics Group, the Applied <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics Analysis Group, and the Experimental <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics Group. Recently completed activities discussed include the analysis and flow testing in support of the Fastrac engine design, the X-33 vehicle design, and the X34 propulsion system design. Ongoing activities include support of the RLV vehicle design, Liquid Fly Back Booster aerodynamic configuration definition, and RLV focused technologies development. Other ongoing activities discussed are efforts sponsored by the Center Director's Discretionary Fund (CDDF) to develop an advanced incompressible flow code and to develop optimization techniques. Recently initiated programs and their anticipated required <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics support are discussed. Based on recent experiences and on the anticipated program needs, required analytical and experimental technique improvements are presented. Due to anticipated budgetary constraints, there is a strong need to leverage activities and to pursue teaming arrangements in order to advance the state-of-the-art and to adequately support concept development. Throughout this overview there is discussion of the lessons learned and of the capabilities demonstrated and established in support of the hardware development programs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSAES..80..272L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSAES..80..272L"><span>Tourmaline orbicules in peraluminous monzogranites of Argentina: A study case of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction between leucogranite and country-rock metasediments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lira, Raúl; Poklepovic, María F.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Tourmaline orbicules hosted in peraluminous granites are documented worldwide. Seven occurrences were identified in Argentina. Petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry mass balance and microthermometric studies were performed in orbicules formed at the cupola of a peraluminous A-type leucogranite (Los Riojanos pluton), as well as complementary investigation was achieved in other orbicules of similar geological setting. Mass balance computations in zoned orbicules consistently confirmed immobility of Si both in <span class="hlt">core</span> and halo, immobility of K and little loss of Al during halo reactions. Elements gained and lost in the schorl-rich <span class="hlt">core</span> are Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, Ba, Sr, Y and Zr, and Na, K, Rb and Nb, respectively; in the halo, K, Ba, Sr, Y, Zr and locally CaO, were gained, and Fe, Mg, Na, Al, Rb and Nb were lost. The schorl-rich <span class="hlt">core</span> is enriched in LREE relative to the leucogranite host. A temperature-salinity plot from <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion data delineates a magmatic-meteoric mixing trend of diluting salinity with descending temperature. Computed δDH20 values from Los Riojanos orbicule schorl suggest magmatic and magmatic-meteoric mixed origins. In Los Riojanos, mass balance constraints suggest that Fe, Mg, Ba, Sr and metallic traces like Zn and V (±Pb) were most likely derived from country-rock schists and gneisses through <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock exchange reactions. A late magmatic-, volatile-rich- <span class="hlt">fluid</span> exsolution scenario for the formation of orbicules is envisaged. Schorl crystallization was likely delayed to the latest stages of leucogranite consolidation, not only favored by the high diffusivity of B2O3 preferentially partitioned into the exsolved aqueous-rich <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, but also likely limited to the low availability of Fe and Mg from the scarce granitic biotite, and to the high F- content of the melt. The spatial confination of orbicules to the contact zone granite-metasediments suggests that orbicules were not formed until exsolved <span class="hlt">fluids</span> reached the boundary with the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1111650S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1111650S"><span>Characterization of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> interaction by fiber optic refractive index sensor measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schmidt-Hattenberger, C.; Weiner, M.; Liebscher, A.; Spangenberg, E.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>A fiber optic refractive index sensor is tested for continuous monitoring of <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-gas interactions within the frame of laboratory investigations of CO2 storage, monitoring and safety technology research (COSMOS project, "Geotechnologien" program). The sensor bases on a Fabry-Perot white light interferometer technique, where the refractive index (RI) of the solution under investigation is measured by variation of the liquid-filled Fabry-Perot optical cavity length. Such sensor system is typically used for measuring and controlling oil composition and also <span class="hlt">fluid</span> quality. The aim of this study is to test the application of the fiber optic refractive index sensor for monitoring the CO2 dissolution in formation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (brine, oil, gas) of CO2 storage sites. Monitoring and knowledge of quantity and especially rate of CO2 dissolution in the formation <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is important for any assessment of long-term risks of CO2 storage sites. It is also a prerequisite for any precise reservoir modelling. As a first step we performed laboratory experiments in standard autoclaves on a variety of different <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mixtures (technical alcohols, pure water, CO2, synthetic brines, natural formation brine from the Ketzin test site). The RI measurements are partly combined with default electrical conductivity and sonic velocity measurements. The fiber optic refractive index sensor system allows for RI measurements within the range 1.0000 to 1.7000 RI with a resolution of approximately 0.0001 RI. For simple binary <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mixtures first results indicate linear relationships between refractive indices and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> composition. Within the pressure range investigated (up to 60 bar) the data suggest only minor changes of RI with pressure. Further, planned experiments will focus on the determination of i) the temperature dependency of RI, ii) the combined effects of pressure and temperature on RI, and finally iii) the kinetics of CO2 dissolution in realistic formation <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1407283-impact-dynamical-core-direct-simulation-tropical-cyclones-high-resolution-global-model','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1407283-impact-dynamical-core-direct-simulation-tropical-cyclones-high-resolution-global-model"><span>Impact of the dynamical <span class="hlt">core</span> on the direct simulation of tropical cyclones in a high-resolution global model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Reed, K. A.; Bacmeister, J. T.; Rosenbloom, N. A.; ...</p> <p>2015-05-13</p> <p>Our paper examines the impact of the dynamical <span class="hlt">core</span> on the simulation of tropical cyclone (TC) frequency, distribution, and intensity. The dynamical <span class="hlt">core</span>, the central <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow component of any general circulation model (GCM), is often overlooked in the analysis of a model's ability to simulate TCs compared to the impact of more commonly documented components (e.g., physical parameterizations). The Community Atmosphere Model version 5 is configured with multiple dynamics packages. This analysis demonstrates that the dynamical <span class="hlt">core</span> has a significant impact on storm intensity and frequency, even in the presence of similar large-scale environments. In particular, the spectral elementmore » <span class="hlt">core</span> produces stronger TCs and more hurricanes than the finite-volume <span class="hlt">core</span> using very similar parameterization packages despite the latter having a slightly more favorable TC environment. Furthermore, these results suggest that more detailed investigations into the impact of the GCM dynamical <span class="hlt">core</span> on TC climatology are needed to fully understand these uncertainties. Key Points The impact of the GCM dynamical <span class="hlt">core</span> is often overlooked in TC assessments The CAM5 dynamical <span class="hlt">core</span> has a significant impact on TC frequency and intensity A larger effort is needed to better understand this uncertainty« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16241232','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16241232"><span>Asymmetric <span class="hlt">fluid</span> criticality. I. Scaling with pressure mixing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Young C; Fisher, Michael E; Orkoulas, G</p> <p>2003-06-01</p> <p>The thermodynamic behavior of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> near a vapor-liquid and, hence, asymmetric critical point is discussed within a general "complete" scaling theory incorporating pressure mixing in the nonlinear scaling fields as well as corrections to scaling. This theory allows for a Yang-Yang anomaly in which mu(")(sigma)(T), the second temperature derivative of the chemical potential along the phase boundary, diverges like the specific heat when T-->T(c); it also generates a leading singular term, /t/(2beta), in the coexistence curve diameter, where t[triple bond](T-T(c))/T(c). The behavior of various special loci, such as the critical isochore, the critical isotherm, the k-inflection loci, on which chi((k))[triple bond]chi(rho,T)/rho(k) (with chi=rho(2)k(B)TK(T)) and C((k))(V)[triple bond]C(V)(rho,T)/rho(k) are maximal at fixed T, is carefully elucidated. These results are useful for analyzing simulations and experiments, since particular, nonuniversal values of k specify loci that approach the critical density most rapidly and reflect the pressure-mixing coefficient. Concrete illustrations are presented for the hard-<span class="hlt">core</span> square-well <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and for the restricted primitive model electrolyte. For comparison, a discussion of the classical (or Landau) theory is presented briefly and various interesting loci are determined explicitly and illustrated quantitatively for a van der Waals <span class="hlt">fluid</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493290-core-core-core-valence-correlation-energy-atomic-molecular-benchmarks-li-through-ar','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493290-core-core-core-valence-correlation-energy-atomic-molecular-benchmarks-li-through-ar"><span><span class="hlt">Core-core</span> and <span class="hlt">core</span>-valence correlation energy atomic and molecular benchmarks for Li through Ar</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ranasinghe, Duminda S.; Frisch, Michael J.; Petersson, George A., E-mail: gpetersson@wesleyan.edu</p> <p>2015-12-07</p> <p>We have established benchmark <span class="hlt">core-core</span>, <span class="hlt">core</span>-valence, and valence-valence absolute coupled-cluster single double (triple) correlation energies (±0.1%) for 210 species covering the first- and second-rows of the periodic table. These species provide 194 energy differences (±0.03 mE{sub h}) including ionization potentials, electron affinities, and total atomization energies. These results can be used for calibration of less expensive methodologies for practical routine determination of <span class="hlt">core-core</span> and <span class="hlt">core</span>-valence correlation energies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036232','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036232"><span>Freeze <span class="hlt">core</span> sampling to validate time-lapse resistivity monitoring of the hyporheic zone.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Toran, Laura; Hughes, Brian; Nyquist, Jonathan; Ryan, Robert</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A freeze <span class="hlt">core</span> sampler was used to characterize hyporheic zone storage during a stream tracer test. The pore water from the frozen <span class="hlt">core</span> showed tracer lingered in the hyporheic zone after the tracer had returned to background concentration in collocated well samples. These results confirmed evidence of lingering subsurface tracer seen in time-lapse electrical resistivity tomographs. The pore water exhibited brine exclusion (ion concentrations in ice lower than source water) in a sediment matrix, despite the fast freezing time. Although freeze <span class="hlt">core</span> sampling provided qualitative evidence of lingering tracer, it proved difficult to quantify tracer concentration because the amount of brine exclusion during freezing could not be accurately determined. Nonetheless, the additional evidence for lingering tracer supports using time-lapse resistivity to detect regions of low <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mobility within the hyporheic zone that can act as chemically reactive zones of importance in stream health. © 2012, The Author(s). GroundWater © 2012, National Ground Water Association.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......224A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......224A"><span>Characterization and modeling of the stress and pore-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> dependent acoustic properties of fractured porous rocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Almrabat, Abdulhadi M.</p> <p></p> <p>The thesis presents the results of a study of the characterization and modeling of the stress and pore-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> dependent acoustic properties of fractured porous rocks. A new laboratory High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) triaxial testing system was developed to characterize the seismic properties of sandstone under different levels of effective stress confinement and changes in pore-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> composition. An intact and fractured of Berea sandstones <span class="hlt">core</span> samples were used in the experimental studies. The laboratory test results were used to develop analytical models for stress-level and pore-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> dependent seismic velocity of sandstones. Models for stress-dependent P and S-wave seismic velocities of sandstone were then developed based on the assumption that stress-dependencies come from the nonlinear elastic response of micro-fractures contained in the sample under normal and shear loading. The contact shear stiffness was assumed to increase linearly with the normal stress across a micro-fracture, while the contact normal stiffness was assumed to vary as a power law with the micro-fracture normal stress. Both nonlinear fracture normal and shear contact models were validated by experimental data available in the literature. To test the dependency of seismic velocity of sandstone on changes in pore-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> composition, another series of tests were conducted where P and S-wave velocities were monitored during injection of supercritical CO 2 in samples of Berea sandstone initially saturated with saline water and under constant confining stress. Changes in seismic wave velocity were measured at different levels of supercritical CO2 saturation as the initial saline water as pore-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> was displaced by supercritical CO 2. It was found that the P- iv wave velocity significantly decreased while the S-wave velocity remained almost constant as the sample supercritical CO2 saturation increased. The dependency of the seismic velocity on changes on pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> composition during</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4354668','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4354668"><span>Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Phases Using X-ray Microtomography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Andrew, Matthew; Bijeljic, Branko; Blunt, Martin</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>X-ray microtomography was used to image, at a resolution of 6.6 µm, the pore-scale arrangement of residual carbon dioxide ganglia in the pore-space of a carbonate rock at pressures and temperatures representative of typical formations used for CO2 storage. Chemical equilibrium between the CO2, brine and rock phases was maintained using a high pressure high temperature reactor, replicating conditions far away from the injection site. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> flow was controlled using high pressure high temperature syringe pumps. To maintain representative in-situ conditions within the micro-CT scanner a carbon fiber high pressure micro-CT coreholder was used. Diffusive CO2 exchange across the confining sleeve from the pore-space of the rock to the confining <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was prevented by surrounding the <span class="hlt">core</span> with a triple wrap of aluminum foil. Reconstructed brine contrast was modeled using a polychromatic x-ray source, and brine composition was chosen to maximize the three phase contrast between the two <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and the rock. Flexible flow lines were used to reduce forces on the sample during image acquisition, potentially causing unwanted sample motion, a major shortcoming in previous techniques. An internal thermocouple, placed directly adjacent to the rock <span class="hlt">core</span>, coupled with an external flexible heating wrap and a PID controller was used to maintain a constant temperature within the flow cell. Substantial amounts of CO2 were trapped, with a residual saturation of 0.203 ± 0.013, and the sizes of larger volume ganglia obey power law distributions, consistent with percolation theory. PMID:25741751</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740057010&hterms=nuclear+physics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dnuclear%2Bphysics','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740057010&hterms=nuclear+physics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dnuclear%2Bphysics"><span>Electron-ion relaxation in a dense plasma. [supernovae <span class="hlt">core</span> physics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Littleton, J. E.; Buchler, J.-R.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The microscopic physics of the thermonuclear runaway in highly degenerate carbon-oxygen <span class="hlt">cores</span> is investigated to determine if and how a detonation wave is generated. An expression for the electron-ion relaxation time is derived under the assumption of large degeneracy and extreme relativity of the electrons in a two-temperature plasma. Since the nuclear burning time proves to be several orders of magnitude shorter than the relaxation time, it is concluded that in studying the structure of the detonation wave the electrons and ions must be treated as separate <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMMR41A1791J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMMR41A1791J"><span>Fracture-induced flow and liquid metal transport during <span class="hlt">core</span> formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jones, V.; Petford, N.; Rushmer, T.; Wertheim, D.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The most important event in the early history of the earth was the separation of its iron-rich <span class="hlt">core</span>. <span class="hlt">Core</span> formation induced profound chemical fractionations and extracted into the <span class="hlt">core</span> most of Earth's iron and siderophile elements (Ni, Co, Au, Pt, W, Re), leaving the silicate crust and mantle with strong depletions of these elements relative to primitive planetary material. Recent measurements of radiogenic 182W anomalies in the silicate Earth, Mars and differentiated meteorites imply that planetesimals segregated metallic <span class="hlt">cores</span> within a few Myr of the origin of the solar system. Various models have been put forward to explain the physical nature of the segregation mechanism (Fe-diapirs, 'raining' through a magma ocean), and more recently melt flow via fractures. In this contribution we present the initial results of a numerical study into Fe segregation in a deforming silicate matrix that captures the temperature-dependent effect of liquid metal viscosity on the transport rate. Flow is driven by pressure gradients associated with impact deformation in a growing planetesimal and the fracture geometry is constrained by experimental data on naturally deformed H6 chondrite. Early results suggest that under dynamic conditions, fracture-driven melt flow can in principle be extremely rapid, leading to a significant draining of the Fe-liquid metal and siderophile trace element component on a timescale of hours to days. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> transport in planetesimals where deformation is the driving force provides an attractive and simple way of segregating Fe from host silicate as both precursor and primary agent of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhR...526..165M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhR...526..165M"><span>Magnetic resonance imaging in laboratory petrophysical <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mitchell, J.; Chandrasekera, T. C.; Holland, D. J.; Gladden, L. F.; Fordham, E. J.</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-known technique in medical diagnosis and materials science. In the more specialized arena of laboratory-scale petrophysical rock <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis, the role of MRI has undergone a substantial change in focus over the last three decades. Initially, alongside the continual drive to exploit higher magnetic field strengths in MRI applications for medicine and chemistry, the same trend was followed in <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis. However, the spatial resolution achievable in heterogeneous porous media is inherently limited due to the magnetic susceptibility contrast between solid and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. As a result, imaging resolution at the length-scale of typical pore diameters is not practical and so MRI of <span class="hlt">core</span>-plugs has often been viewed as an inappropriate use of expensive magnetic resonance facilities. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift in the use of MRI in laboratory-scale <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis. The focus is now on acquiring data in the laboratory that are directly comparable to data obtained from magnetic resonance well-logging tools (i.e., a common physics of measurement). To maintain consistency with well-logging instrumentation, it is desirable to measure distributions of transverse (T2) relaxation time-the industry-standard metric in well-logging-at the laboratory-scale. These T2 distributions can be spatially resolved over the length of a <span class="hlt">core</span>-plug. The use of low-field magnets in the laboratory environment is optimal for <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis not only because the magnetic field strength is closer to that of well-logging tools, but also because the magnetic susceptibility contrast is minimized, allowing the acquisition of quantitative image voxel (or pixel) intensities that are directly scalable to liquid volume. Beyond simple determination of macroscopic rock heterogeneity, it is possible to utilize the spatial resolution for monitoring forced displacement of oil by water or chemical agents, determining capillary pressure curves, and estimating</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.8624P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.8624P"><span>New quasi-geostrophic flow estimations for the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pais, M. Alexandra</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Quasi-geostrophic (QG) flows have been reported in numerical dynamo studies that simulate Boussinesq convection of an electrical conducting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inside a rapidly rotating spherical shell. In these cases, the required condition for columnar convection seems to be that inertial waves should propagate much faster in the medium than Alfvén waves. QG models are particularly appealing for studies where Earth's liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> flows are assessed from information contained in geomagnetic data obtained at and above the Earth's surface. Here, they make the whole difference between perceiving only the <span class="hlt">core</span> surface expression of the geodynamo or else assessing the whole interior <span class="hlt">core</span> flow. The QG approximation has now been used in different studies to invert geomagnetic field models, providing a different kinematic interpretation of the observed geomagnetic field secular variation (SV). Under this new perspective, a large eccentric jet flowing westward under the Atlantic Hemisphere and a cyclonic column under the Pacific were pointed out as interesting features of the flow. A large eccentric jet with similar characteristics has been explained in recent numerical geodynamo simulations in terms of dynamical coupling between the solid <span class="hlt">core</span>, the liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> and the mantle. Nonetheless, it requires an inner <span class="hlt">core</span> crystallization on the eastern hemisphere, contrary to what has been proposed in recent dynamical models for the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>. Some doubts remain, as we see, concerning the dynamics that can explain the radial outward flow in the eastern <span class="hlt">core</span> hemisphere, actually seen in inverted <span class="hlt">core</span> flow models. This and other puzzling features justify a new assessment of <span class="hlt">core</span> flows, taking full advantage of the recent geomagnetic field model COV-OBS and of experience, accumulated over the years, on flow inversion. Assuming the QG approximation already eliminates a large part of non-uniqueness in the inversion. Some important non-uniqueness still remains, inherent to the physical model, given</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29297387','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29297387"><span>Personalised <span class="hlt">fluid</span> resuscitation in the ICU: still a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> concept?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Haren, Frank</p> <p>2017-12-28</p> <p>The administration of intravenous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to critically ill patients is one of the most common, but also one of the most fiercely debated, interventions in intensive care medicine. Even though many thousands of patients have been enrolled in large trials of alternative <span class="hlt">fluid</span> strategies, consensus remains elusive and practice is widely variable. Critically ill patients are significantly heterogeneous, making a one size fits all approach unlikely to be successful.New data from basic, animal, and clinical research suggest that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> resuscitation could be associated with significant harm. There are several important limitations and concerns regarding <span class="hlt">fluid</span> bolus therapy as it is currently being used in clinical practice. These include, but are not limited to: the lack of an agreed definition; limited and short-lived physiological effects; no evidence of an effect on relevant patient outcomes; and the potential to contribute to <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overload, specifically when <span class="hlt">fluid</span> responsiveness is not assessed and when targets and safety limits are not used.<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> administration in critically ill patients requires clinicians to integrate abnormal physiological parameters into a clinical decision-making model that also incorporates the likely diagnosis and the likely risk or benefit in the specific patient's context. Personalised <span class="hlt">fluid</span> resuscitation requires careful attention to the mnemonic CIT TAIT: context, indication, targets, timing, amount of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, infusion strategy, and type of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>.The research agenda should focus on experimental and clinical studies to: improve our understanding of the physiological effects of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> infusion, e.g. on the glycocalyx; evaluate new types of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>; evaluate novel <span class="hlt">fluid</span> minimisation protocols; study the effects of a no-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> strategy for selected patients and scenarios; and compare <span class="hlt">fluid</span> therapy with other interventions. The adaptive platform trial design may provide us with the tools to evaluate these types of interventions in the intrinsically</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2686600','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2686600"><span>Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span>: a systematical database for human body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Su-Jun; Peng, Mao; Li, Hong; Liu, Bo-Shu; Wang, Chuan; Wu, Jia-Rui; Li, Yi-Xue; Zeng, Rong</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Recently, body <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have widely become an important target for proteomic research and proteomic study has produced more and more body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> related protein data. A database is needed to collect and analyze these proteome data. Thus, we developed this web-based body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome database Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span>. It contains eleven kinds of body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteomes, including plasma/serum, urine, cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, nipple aspirate <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, tear <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, seminal <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, human milk and amniotic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Over 10 000 proteins are presented in the Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span>. Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> provides the detailed protein annotations, including protein description, Gene Ontology, domain information, protein sequence and involved pathways. These proteome data can be retrieved by using protein name, protein accession number and sequence similarity. In addition, users can query between these different body <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to get the different proteins identification information. Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> database can facilitate the body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteomics and disease proteomics research as a reference database. It is available at http://www.biosino.org/bodyfluid/. PMID:18978022</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18978022','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18978022"><span>Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span>: a systematical database for human body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome research.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Su-Jun; Peng, Mao; Li, Hong; Liu, Bo-Shu; Wang, Chuan; Wu, Jia-Rui; Li, Yi-Xue; Zeng, Rong</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Recently, body <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have widely become an important target for proteomic research and proteomic study has produced more and more body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> related protein data. A database is needed to collect and analyze these proteome data. Thus, we developed this web-based body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome database Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span>. It contains eleven kinds of body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteomes, including plasma/serum, urine, cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, nipple aspirate <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, tear <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, seminal <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, human milk and amniotic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Over 10,000 proteins are presented in the Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span>. Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> provides the detailed protein annotations, including protein description, Gene Ontology, domain information, protein sequence and involved pathways. These proteome data can be retrieved by using protein name, protein accession number and sequence similarity. In addition, users can query between these different body <span class="hlt">fluids</span> to get the different proteins identification information. Sys-Body<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> database can facilitate the body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteomics and disease proteomics research as a reference database. It is available at http://www.biosino.org/bodyfluid/.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..DFD.H9010W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..DFD.H9010W"><span>A Theoretical and Experimental Study for a Developing Flow in a Thin <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Gap</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Qianhong; Lang, Ji; Jen, Kei-Peng; Nathan, Rungun; Vucbmss Team</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, we report a novel theoretical and experimental approach to examine a fast developing flow in a thin <span class="hlt">fluid</span> gap. Although the phenomena are widely observed in industrial applications and biological systems, there is a lack of analytical approach that captures the instantaneous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> response to a sudden impact. An experimental setup was developed that contains a piston instrumented with a laser displacement sensor and a pressure transducer. A sudden impact was imposed on the piston, creating a fast compaction on the thin <span class="hlt">fluid</span> gap underneath. The motion of the piston was captured by the laser displacement sensor, and the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure build-up and relaxation was recorded by the pressure transducer. For this dynamic process, a novel analytical approach was developed. It starts with the inviscid limit when the viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> effect has no time to appear. This short process is followed by a developing flow, in which the inviscid <span class="hlt">core</span> flow region decreases and the viscous wall region increases until the entire <span class="hlt">fluid</span> gap is filled with viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. A boundary layer integral method is used during the process. Lastly, the flow is completely viscous dominant featured by a typical squeeze flow in a thin gap. Excellent agreement between the theory and the experiment was achieved. The study presented herein, filling the gap in the literature, will have broad impact in industrial and biomedical applications. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award #1511096.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS21B1123H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMOS21B1123H"><span>Episodic Deep <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Expulsion at Mud Volcanoes in the Kumano Forearc Basin, SE Offshore Japan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hammerschmidt, S.; Kopf, A.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Compressional forces at convergent margins govern a variety of processes, most prominently earthquakes, landslides and mud volcanoes in the forearc. Although all seem related to <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure changes, mud volcanoes are not only characterized by expulsion of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, but also fluidized mud and clasts that got ripped-up during mud ascension. They hence provide information regarding mobilization depth, diagenetic overprint, and geodynamic pathways. At the Nankai Trough subduction zone, SE offshore Japan, mud volcanism id common and supposed to be related to seismogenic processes. During MARUM Expedition SO-222 with R/V SONNE, mud volcanoes in the Kumano forearc basin were mapped, <span class="hlt">cored</span> and sampled. By extending the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Kumano transect landwards, 5 new mud volcanoes were identified by multibeam mapping. <span class="hlt">Cores</span> revealed mud breccia with semi-consolidated silt- to claystone clasts and gaseous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> escape structures, while the hemipelagic background sediments are characterized by intercalations of turbidites, ash layers and calcareous fossils. Clasts were subject to thin-section analyses, and the <span class="hlt">cores</span> were sampled for XRD analyses and radiocarbon dating. Clasts showed prominent deformation structures, neomorphism and pores and fractures filled with polycrystalline quartz and/or calcite cement, probably formed during deep burial and early metamorphosis. Illite crystallinity based on XRD measurements varies between 0.24 and 0.38, which implies that the material originates from the Anchizone at depths ≥ 4 km. Radiocarbon dating revealed ages between 4450 and 30300 yr cal. BP, with age reversals occurring not earlier than 17000 yr cal. BP. Radiocarbon dating beneath turbidites and ash layers found at mud volcano #9 points to an episodic occurrence of these earthquake-related features in intervals of ca. 620 yr, while the mud volcano itself remained inactive. In summary, the preliminary results suggest that the mud volcanoes are nurtured</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70137864','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70137864"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> pressure responses for a Devil's Slide-like system: problem formulation and simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Thomas, Matthew A.; Loague, Keith; Voss, Clifford I.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This study employs a hydrogeologic simulation approach to investigate subsurface <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures for a landslide-prone section of the central California, USA, coast known as Devil's Slide. Understanding the relative changes in subsurface <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures is important for systems, such as Devil's Slide, where slope creep can be interrupted by episodic slip events. Surface mapping, exploratory <span class="hlt">core</span>, tunnel excavation records, and dip meter data were leveraged to conceptualize the parameter space for three-dimensional (3D) Devil's Slide-like simulations. Field observations (i.e. seepage meter, water retention, and infiltration experiments; well records; and piezometric data) and groundwater flow simulation (i.e. one-dimensional vertical, transient, and variably saturated) were used to design the boundary conditions for 3D Devil's Slide-like problems. Twenty-four simulations of steady-state saturated subsurface flow were conducted in a concept-development mode. Recharge, heterogeneity, and anisotropy are shown to increase <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures for failure-prone locations by up to 18.1, 4.5, and 1.8% respectively. Previous estimates of slope stability, driven by simple water balances, are significantly improved upon with the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures reported here. The results, for a Devil's Slide-like system, provide a foundation for future investigations</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19665366','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19665366"><span>Intra-operative <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warming in elective caesarean section: a blinded randomised controlled trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Woolnough, M; Allam, J; Hemingway, C; Cox, M; Yentis, S M</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>We assessed the effect of warming intravenous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> during elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia in a blinded, randomised controlled trial. Seventy-five women having elective caesarean section were randomly assigned to receive all intravenous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at room temperature, or heated in a cabinet set at 45 degrees C or via a Hotline <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warmer (Smiths Medical International Ltd, Watford, Herts, UK). After 10 mL/kg crystalloid preload, combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia was performed. <span class="hlt">Core</span> and ambient temperatures, thermal comfort and shivering were measured every 15 min thereafter. The primary outcome was the temperature at 60 min. Temperature decreased in all groups. Although the temperature decrease at 60 min was similar in the heated cabinet and Hotline groups, the room temperature group exhibited a greater decrease [difference 0.4 degrees C (95% CI 0.2-0.6 degrees C); P=0.015]. More women felt cold in the room temperature group (8: 32%) than in the heated cabinet set (3: 12%) and Hotline (1: 4%) groups (P=0.02), but the incidence of shivering was similar: 11 (44%), 9 (36%) and 7 (28%) respectively. Apgar scores and neonatal cord gases were similar. Warming intravenous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> mitigates the decrease in maternal temperature during elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia and improves thermal comfort, but does not affect shivering. Intravenous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> should be warmed routinely in elective caesarean section, especially for cases of expected long duration, but the use of pre-warmed <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is as efficient and cheaper than using a Hotline <span class="hlt">fluid</span> warmer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT........77Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT........77Y"><span>Alternating current dielectrophoresis of <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles: Experiments and comparison with theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Chungja</p> <p></p> <p>Nanoparticles are fascinating where physical and optical properties are related to size. Highly controllable synthesis methods and nanoparticle assembly are essential for highly innovative technological applications. Well-defined shaped and sized nanoparticles enable comparisons between experiments, theory and subsequent new models to explain experimentally observed phenomena. Among nanoparticles, nonhomogeneous <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles (CSnp) have new properties that arise when varying the relative dimensions of the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the shell. This CSnp structure enables various optical resonances, and engineered energy barriers, in addition to the high charge to surface ratio. Assembly of homogeneous nanoparticles into functional structures has become ubiquitous in biosensors (i.e. optical labeling), nanocoatings, and electrical circuits. Limited nonhomogenous nanoparticle assembly has only been explored. Many conventional nanoparticle assembly methods exist, but this work explores dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a new method. DEP is particle polarization via non-uniform electric fields while suspended in conductive <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Most prior DEP efforts involve microscale particles. Prior work on <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticle assemblies and separately, nanoparticle characterizations with dielectrophoresis and electrorotation, did not systematically explore particle size, dielectric properties (permittivity and electrical conductivity), shell thickness, particle concentration, medium conductivity, and frequency. This work is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to systematically examine these dielectrophoretic properties for <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles. Further, we conduct a parametric fitting to traditional <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell models. These biocompatible <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles were studied to fill a knowledge gap in the DEP field. Experimental results (chapter 5) first examine medium conductivity, size and shell material dependencies of dielectrophoretic behaviors of spherical CSnp into 2D and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160005401','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160005401"><span>Generalized <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> System Simulation Program, Version 6.0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Majumdar, A. K.; LeClair, A. C.; Moore, R.; Schallhorn, P. A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>, labyrinth seal, parallel plates, common fittings and valves, pump characteristics, pump power, valve with a given loss coefficient, Joule-Thompson device, control valve, heat exchanger <span class="hlt">core</span>, parallel tube, and compressible orifice. The program has the provision of including additional resistance options through User Subroutines. GFSSP employs a finite volume formulation of mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations in conjunction with the thermodynamic equations of state for real <span class="hlt">fluids</span> as well as energy conservation equations for the solid. The system of equations describing the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> network is solved by a hybrid numerical method that is a combination of the Newton-Raphson and successive substitution methods. The application and verification of the code has been demonstrated through 30 example problems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T31D0651H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.T31D0651H"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-rock interaction recorded in fault rocks of the Nobeoka Thrust, fossilized megasplay fault in an ancient accretionary complex</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hasegawa, R.; Yamaguchi, A.; Fukuchi, R.; Kitamura, Y.; Kimura, G.; Hamada, Y.; Ashi, J.; Ishikawa, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The relationship between faulting and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> behavior has been in debate. In this study, we clarify the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction in the Nobeoka Thrust by major/trace element composition analysis using the boring <span class="hlt">core</span> of the Nobeoka Thrust, an exhumed analogue of an ancient megasplay fault in Shimanto accretionary complex, southwest Japan. The hanging wall and the footwall of the Nobeoka Thrust show difference in lithology and metamorphic grade, and their maximum burial temperature is estimated from vitrinite reflectance analysis to be 320 330°C and 250 270°C, respectively (Kondo et al., 2005). The fault zone was formed in a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rich condition, as evidenced by warm <span class="hlt">fluid</span> migration suggested by <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion analysis (Kondo et al., 2005), implosion brecciation accompanied by carbonate precipitation followed by formation of pseudotachylyte (Okamoto et al., 2006), ankerite veins coseismically formed under reducing conditions (Yamaguchi et al., 2011), and quartz veins recording stress rotation in seismic cycles (Otsubo et al., 2016). In this study, first we analyzed the major/trace element composition across the principal slip zone (PSZ) of the Nobeoka Thrust by using fragments of borehole <span class="hlt">cores</span> penetrated through the Nobeoka Thrust. Many elements fluctuated just above the PSZ, whereas K increase and Na, Si decrease suggesting illitization of plagioclase, as well as positive anomalies in Li and Cs were found within the PSZ. For more detail understanding, we observed polished slabs and thin sections of the PSZ. Although grain size reduction of deformed clast and weak development of foliation were observed entirely in the PSZ by macroscopic observation, remarkable development of composite planar fabric nor evidence of friction melting were absent. In this presentation, we show the result of major/trace element composition corresponding to the internal structure of PSZ, and discuss <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction and its impact to megasplay fault activity in subduction zones.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGE.....9..473J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGE.....9..473J"><span>Integration of ANFIS, NN and GA to determine <span class="hlt">core</span> porosity and permeability from conventional well log data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ja'fari, Ahmad; Hamidzadeh Moghadam, Rasoul</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>Routine <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis provides useful information for petrophysical study of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Effective porosity and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> conductivity (permeability) could be obtained from <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis in laboratory. <span class="hlt">Coring</span> hydrocarbon bearing intervals and analysis of obtained <span class="hlt">cores</span> in laboratory is expensive and time consuming. In this study an improved method to make a quantitative correlation between porosity and permeability obtained from <span class="hlt">core</span> and conventional well log data by integration of different artificial intelligent systems is proposed. The proposed method combines the results of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and neural network (NN) algorithms for overall estimation of <span class="hlt">core</span> data from conventional well log data. These methods multiply the output of each algorithm with a weight factor. Simple averaging and weighted averaging were used for determining the weight factors. In the weighted averaging method the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to determine the weight factors. The overall algorithm was applied in one of SW Iran’s oil fields with two <span class="hlt">cored</span> wells. One-third of all data were used as the test dataset and the rest of them were used for training the networks. Results show that the output of the GA averaging method provided the best mean square error and also the best correlation coefficient with real <span class="hlt">core</span> data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020087020','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020087020"><span>Composite <span class="hlt">Cores</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Spang & Company's new configuration of converter transformer <span class="hlt">cores</span> is a composite of gapped and ungapped <span class="hlt">cores</span> assembled together in concentric relationship. The net effect of the composite design is to combine the protection from saturation offered by the gapped <span class="hlt">core</span> with the lower magnetizing requirement of the ungapped <span class="hlt">core</span>. The uncut <span class="hlt">core</span> functions under normal operating conditions and the cut <span class="hlt">core</span> takes over during abnormal operation to prevent power surges and their potentially destructive effect on transistors. Principal customers are aerospace and defense manufacturers. <span class="hlt">Cores</span> also have applicability in commercial products where precise power regulation is required, as in the power supplies for large mainframe computers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=chemical+AND+engineering+AND+reactions&pg=2&id=EJ921592','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=chemical+AND+engineering+AND+reactions&pg=2&id=EJ921592"><span>Parameter Sensitivity Study of the Unreacted-<span class="hlt">Core</span> Shrinking Model: A Computer Activity for Chemical Reaction Engineering Courses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Tudela, Ignacio; Bonete, Pedro; Fullana, Andres; Conesa, Juan Antonio</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The unreacted-<span class="hlt">core</span> shrinking (UCS) model is employed to characterize <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-particle reactions that are important in industry and research. An approach to understand the UCS model by numerical methods is presented, which helps the visualization of the influence of the variables that control the overall heterogeneous process. Use of this approach in…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMGP23A0783H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMGP23A0783H"><span>Reversal Frequency, <span class="hlt">Core</span>-Mantle Conditions, and the SCOR-field Hypothesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hoffman, K. A.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>One of the most intriguing results from paleomagnetic data spanning the past 108 yr comes from the work of McFadden et al. (1991) who found that the variation in the rate of polarity reversal is apparently tied to the temporal variation in the harmonic content of the full-polarity field. Their finding indicates that it is the relative importance of the two dynamo families--i.e. the Primary Family (PF), the field antisymmetric about the equator, and the Secondary Family (SF), the field symmetric about the equator--that largely determines reversal frequency. More specifically, McFadden et al. found that as the relative significance of the SF increases, as is observed during the Cenozoic, so too does reversal rate. Such a finding is reminiscent of the seminal work of Allan Cox who some forty years ago proposed that interactions with the non-dipole field may provide the trigger for reversal of the axial dipole (AD) field. Hence, new questions arise: Do the two dynamo family fields interact in this manner, and, if so, how can such an interaction physically occur in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span>? Gaussian coefficient terms comprising the PF and SF have degree and order (n + m) that sum to an odd and even number, respectively. The most significant field term in the PF is by far that of the axial dipole (g10). The entire SF, starting with the equatorial dipole terms (g11 and h11) and the axial quadrupole (g20), are constituents of the non-axial dipole (NAD) field. By way of both paleomagnetic transition and geomagnetic data Hoffman and Singer (2008) recently proposed (1) that field sources exist within the shallow <span class="hlt">core</span> (SCOR-field) associated with <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motions affected by long-lived <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary conditions; (2) that these SCOR-field sources are largely separated from, i.e. in “poor communication” with, deep field convection roll-generated sources; and (3) that the deep sources are largely responsible for the AD field, leaving the SCOR-field to be the primary source for the</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JCoPh.327..700D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JCoPh.327..700D"><span>FaCSI: A block parallel preconditioner for <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-structure interaction in hemodynamics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deparis, Simone; Forti, Davide; Grandperrin, Gwenol; Quarteroni, Alfio</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Modeling <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Structure Interaction (FSI) in the vascular system is mandatory to reliably compute mechanical indicators in vessels undergoing large deformations. In order to cope with the computational complexity of the coupled 3D FSI problem after discretizations in space and time, a parallel solution is often mandatory. In this paper we propose a new block parallel preconditioner for the coupled linearized FSI system obtained after space and time discretization. We name it FaCSI to indicate that it exploits the Factorized form of the linearized FSI matrix, the use of static Condensation to formally eliminate the interface degrees of freedom of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> equations, and the use of a SIMPLE preconditioner for saddle-point problems. FaCSI is built upon a block Gauss-Seidel factorization of the FSI Jacobian matrix and it uses ad-hoc preconditioners for each physical component of the coupled problem, namely the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, the structure and the geometry. In the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> subproblem, after operating static condensation of the interface <span class="hlt">fluid</span> variables, we use a SIMPLE preconditioner on the reduced <span class="hlt">fluid</span> matrix. Moreover, to efficiently deal with a large number of processes, FaCSI exploits efficient single field preconditioners, e.g., based on domain decomposition or the multigrid method. We measure the parallel performances of FaCSI on a benchmark cylindrical geometry and on a problem of physiological interest, namely the blood flow through a patient-specific femoropopliteal bypass. We analyze the dependence of the number of linear solver iterations on the <span class="hlt">cores</span> count (scalability of the preconditioner) and on the mesh size (optimality).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19026017','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19026017"><span>Optimizing performance by improving <span class="hlt">core</span> stability and <span class="hlt">core</span> strength.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hibbs, Angela E; Thompson, Kevin G; French, Duncan; Wrigley, Allan; Spears, Iain</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Core</span> stability and <span class="hlt">core</span> strength have been subject to research since the early 1980s. Research has highlighted benefits of training these processes for people with back pain and for carrying out everyday activities. However, less research has been performed on the benefits of <span class="hlt">core</span> training for elite athletes and how this training should be carried out to optimize sporting performance. Many elite athletes undertake <span class="hlt">core</span> stability and <span class="hlt">core</span> strength training as part of their training programme, despite contradictory findings and conclusions as to their efficacy. This is mainly due to the lack of a gold standard method for measuring <span class="hlt">core</span> stability and strength when performing everyday tasks and sporting movements. A further confounding factor is that because of the differing demands on the <span class="hlt">core</span> musculature during everyday activities (low load, slow movements) and sporting activities (high load, resisted, dynamic movements), research performed in the rehabilitation sector cannot be applied to the sporting environment and, subsequently, data regarding <span class="hlt">core</span> training programmes and their effectiveness on sporting performance are lacking. There are many articles in the literature that promote <span class="hlt">core</span> training programmes and exercises for performance enhancement without providing a strong scientific rationale of their effectiveness, especially in the sporting sector. In the rehabilitation sector, improvements in lower back injuries have been reported by improving <span class="hlt">core</span> stability. Few studies have observed any performance enhancement in sporting activities despite observing improvements in <span class="hlt">core</span> stability and <span class="hlt">core</span> strength following a <span class="hlt">core</span> training programme. A clearer understanding of the roles that specific muscles have during <span class="hlt">core</span> stability and <span class="hlt">core</span> strength exercises would enable more functional training programmes to be implemented, which may result in a more effective transfer of these skills to actual sporting activities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP21A2217S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP21A2217S"><span>Magmatic <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Source of the Chingshui Geothermal Field: Evidence of Carbonate Isotope data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Song, S. R.; Lu, Y. C.; Wang, P. L.; John, C. M.; MacDonald, J.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Chingshui geothermal field is located at the northern tip of the Miocene Lushan Slate Formation, which was part of the Eurasian continental margin subject to the Plio-Pleistocene collision associated with the Luzon Arc. The remnant heat of the Taiwan orogeny has long been considered to drive the circulation of hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the Chingshui geothermal field. However, recent studies based on magnetic anomalies and helium isotopic ratios suggest that the heat might instead be derived from igneous bodies. By examining isotope data of calcite veins and scaling in geothermal wells, this study aimed to clarify the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> origin and possible heat source accounting for the geothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the Chingshui geothermal field. Carbon and oxygen isotope analyses indicate that veins from outcrops and scalings in geothermal wells have high and low d values, respectively. Data for veins in drilled <span class="hlt">cores</span> fall in between outcrop veins and scalings values. Such an isotopic pattern could be interpreted as the mixing of two end member <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. The clumped isotope analysis of calcite veins from the outcrops yielded precipitation temperatures of up to 232 ± 16 ℃ and a reconstructed d18O <span class="hlt">fluid</span> value of 9.5 ‰(magmatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>: 6-11 ‰; metamorphic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>: 5-28 ‰ by Taylor, 1974). The inferred d18O values of hot <span class="hlt">fluids</span> for the vein formation are significantly different from that of meteoric water in Chingshui area (around -5.4 ‰) as well as the scaling in geothermal wells (around -7.6 ‰). Previous study of magnetotelluric image demonstrated two possible <span class="hlt">fluid</span> reservoirs at different depths (Chen et al. 2012). Our isotope data combined with these lines of evidence suggest that the scaling in geothermal wells could be derived from <span class="hlt">fluids</span> originating from the shallower reservoir. In contrast, the veins present at outcrops could have been formed from 18O-enriched, deeply-sourced <span class="hlt">fluids</span> related to either metamorphic dehydration or magmatic processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JAESc..42..316Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JAESc..42..316Z"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-rock interactions during UHP metamorphism: A review of the Dabie-Sulu orogen, east-central China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Z. M.; Shen, K.; Liou, J. G.; Dong, X.; Wang, W.; Yu, F.; Liu, F.</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>Comprehensive review on the characteristics of petrology, oxygen isotope, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion and nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) for many Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks including drill-hole <span class="hlt">core</span> samples reveals that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> has played important and multiple roles during complicated <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions attending the subduction and exhumation of supracrustal rocks. We have identified several distinct stages of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions as follows: (1) The Neoproterozoic supercrustal protoliths of UHP rocks experienced variable degrees of hydration through interactions with cold meteoric water with extremely low oxygen isotope compositions during Neoproterozoic Snow-ball Earth time. (2) A series of dehydration reactions took place during Triassic subduction of the Yangtze plate beneath the Sino-Korean plate; the released <span class="hlt">fluid</span> entered mainly into volatile-bearing high-pressure (HP) and UHP minerals, such as phengite, zoisite-epidote, talc, lawsonite and magnesite, as well as into UHP NAMs, such as garnet, omphacite and rutile. (3) Silicate-rich supercritical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (hydrous melt) existed during the UHP metamorphism at mantle depths >100 km which mobilized many normally <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-immobile elements and caused unusual element fractionation. (4) The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> exsolved from the NAMs during the early exhumation of the Dabie-Sulu terrane was the main source for HP hydrate retrogression and generation of HP veins. (5) Local amphibolite-facies retrogression at crustal depths took place by infiltration of aqueous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> of various salinities possibly derived from an external source. (6) The greenschist-facies overprinting and low-pressure (LP) quartz veins were generated by <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow along ductile shear zones and brittle faults during late-stage uplift of the UHP terrane.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......142R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......142R"><span>Structural evolution of the Rio Grande rift: Synchronous exhumation of rift flanks from 20-10 Ma, embryonic <span class="hlt">core</span> complexes, and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-enhanced Quaternary extension</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ricketts, Jason William</p> <p></p> <p>The Rio Grande rift in Colorado and New Mexico is one of the well-exposed and well-studied continental rifts in the world. Interest in the rift is driven not only by pure scientific intrigue, but also by a desire and a necessity to quantify earthquake hazards in New Mexico as well as to assess various water related issues throughout the state. These motivating topics have thus far led to the publication of two Geological Society of America Special Publication volumes in 1994 and 2013. This dissertation aims at building on the wealth of previous knowledge about the rift, and is composed of three separate chapters that focus on the structural evolution of the Rio Grande rift at several different time and spatial scales. At the largest scale, apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronologic data suggest synchronous extension along the entire length of the Rio Grande rift in Colorado and New Mexico from 20-10 Ma, which is important for understanding and evaluating possible driving mechanisms which are responsible for the rift. Previous tectonic and magmatic events in western North America were highly influential in the formation of the Rio Grande rift, and the new thermochronologic data suggest that its formation may have been closely linked to foundering and removal of the underlying Farallon Plate. A fundamental result of rift development at these scales is a concentration of strain is some regions of the rift. In these regions of maximum extension, fault networks display a geometry involving both high- and low-angle fault networks. These geometries are similar to the early stages in the development of metamorphic <span class="hlt">core</span> complexes, and thus these regions in the rift link incipient extensional environments to highly extended terranes. At shorter time scales, heterogeneous strain accumulation may be governed in part by <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in fault zones. As an example, along the western edge of the Albuquerque basin, travertine deposits are cut by extensional veins that record anomalously high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.S21B2506R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.S21B2506R"><span>Permeability and of the San Andreas Fault <span class="hlt">core</span> and damage zone from SAFOD drill <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rathbun, A. P.; Fry, M.; Kitajima, H.; Song, I.; Carpenter, B. M.; Marone, C.; Saffer, D. M.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Quantifying fault-rock permeability is important toward understanding both the regional hydrologic behavior of fault zones, and poro-elastic processes that may affect faulting and earthquake mechanics by mediating effective stress. These include persistent <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overpressures hypothesized to reduce fault strength, as well as dynamic processes that may occur during earthquake slip, including thermal pressurization and dilatancy hardening. To date, studies of permeability on fault rocks and gouge from plate-boundary strike-slip faults have mainly focused on samples from surface outcrops. We report on permeability tests conducted on the host rock, damage zone, and a major actively creeping fault strand (Central Deformation Zone, CDZ) of the San Andreas Fault (SAF), obtained from <span class="hlt">coring</span> across the active SAF at ~2.7 km depth as part of SAFOD Phase III. We quantify permeability on subsamples oriented both perpendicular and parallel to the <span class="hlt">coring</span> axis, which is nearly perpendicular to the SAF plane, to evaluate permeability anisotropy. The fault strand samples were obtained from the CDZ, which accommodates significant creep, and hosts ~90% of the observed casing deformation measured between drilling phases. The CDZ is 2.6 m thick with a matrix grain size < 10 μm and ~5% vol. clasts, and contains ~80% clay, of which ~90% is smectite. We also tested damage zone samples taken from adjacent <span class="hlt">core</span> sections within a few m on either side of the CDZ. Permeability experiments were conducted in a triaxial vessel, on samples 25.4 mm in diameter and ~20-35 mm in length. We conducted measurements under isotropic stress conditions, at effective stress (Pc') of ~5-70 MPa. We measure permeability using a constant head flow-through technique. At the highest Pc', low permeability of the CDZ and damage zone necessitates using a step loading transient method and is in good agreement with permeabilities obtained from flow-through experiments. We quantify compression behavior by monitoring</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037545','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037545"><span>Internal structure, fault rocks, and inferences regarding deformation, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow, and mineralization in the seismogenic Stillwater normal fault, Dixie Valley, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Caine, Jonathan S.; Bruhn, R.L.; Forster, C.B.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Outcrop mapping and fault-rock characterization of the Stillwater normal fault zone in Dixie Valley, Nevada are used to document and interpret ancient hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow and its possible relationship to seismic deformation. The fault zone is composed of distinct structural and hydrogeological components. Previous work on the fault rocks is extended to the map scale where a distinctive fault <span class="hlt">core</span> shows a spectrum of different fault-related breccias. These include predominantly clast-supported breccias with angular clasts that are cut by zones containing breccias with rounded clasts that are also clast supported. These are further cut by breccias that are predominantly matrix supported with angular and rounded clasts. The fault-<span class="hlt">core</span> breccias are surrounded by a heterogeneously fractured damage zone. Breccias are bounded between major, silicified slip surfaces, forming large pod-like structures, systematically oriented with long axes parallel to slip. Matrix-supported breccias have multiply brecciated, angular and rounded clasts revealing episodic deformation and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. These breccias have a quartz-rich matrix with microcrystalline anhedral, equant, and pervasively conformable mosaic texture. The breccia pods are interpreted to have formed by decompression boiling and rapid precipitation of hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> whose flow was induced by coseismic, hybrid dilatant-shear deformation and hydraulic connection to a geothermal reservoir. The addition of hydrothermal silica cement localized in the <span class="hlt">core</span> at the map scale causes fault-zone widening, local sealing, and mechanical heterogeneities that impact the evolution of the fault zone throughout the seismic cycle. ?? 2010.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386280','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386280"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> biomarker profile in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A meta-analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Charidimou, Andreas; Friedrich, Jan O; Greenberg, Steven M; Viswanathan, Anand</p> <p>2018-02-27</p> <p>To perform a meta-analysis of 4 <span class="hlt">core</span> CSF biomarkers (β-amyloid [Aβ]42, Aβ40, total tau [t-tau], and phosphorylated tau [p-tau]) to assess which of these are most altered in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We systematically searched PubMed for eligible studies reporting data on CSF biomarkers reflecting amyloid precursor protein metabolism (Aβ42, Aβ40), neurodegeneration (t-tau), and tangle pathology (p-tau) in symptomatic sporadic CAA cohorts vs controls and patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Biomarker performance was assessed in random-effects meta-analysis based on ratio of mean (RoM) biomarker concentrations: (1) in patients with CAA vs healthy controls and (2) in patients with CAA vs patients with AD. RoM >1 indicates higher biomarker concentration in patients with CAA vs comparison population and RoM <1 indicates higher concentration in comparison groups. Three studies met inclusion criteria. These comprised 5 CAA patient cohorts (n = 59 patients) vs healthy controls (n = 94 cases) and AD cohorts (n = 158). Three <span class="hlt">core</span> biomarkers differentiated CAA from controls: CSF Aβ42 (RoM 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-0.64, p < 0.003), Aβ40 (RoM 0.70, 95% CI 0.63-0.78, p < 0.0001), and t-tau (RoM 1.54, 95% CI 1.15-2.07, p = 0.004); p-tau was marginal (RoM 1.24, 95% CI 0.99-1.54, p = 0.062). Differentiation between CAA and AD was strong for CSF Aβ40 (RoM 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.83, p < 0.0001), but not Aβ42 (RoM 1.00; 95% CI 0.81-1.23, p = 0.970). For t-tau and p-tau, average CSF ratios in patients with CAA vs patients with AD were 0.63 (95% CI 0.54-0.74, p < 0.0001) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50-0.71, p < 0.0001), respectively. Specific CSF patterns of Aβ42, Aβ40, t-tau, and p-tau might serve as molecular biomarkers of CAA, but analyses in larger CAA cohorts are needed. © 2018 American Academy of Neurology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940029685','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940029685"><span>Experimental and analytical study on <span class="hlt">fluid</span> whirl and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> whip modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Muszynska, Agnes</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> whirl and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> whip are rotor self-excited, lateral vibrations which occur due to rotor interactions with the surrounding <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. There exist various modes of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> whirl and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> whip. These modes are close to rotor modes corresponding to free vibrations (based on the linear model). Small differences are due to nonlinearities in the system. This paper presents experimental and analytical results on the lowest modes of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> whirls and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> whip. Examples of rotors supported in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> lubricated bearings show the variations of rotor deflection amplitudes and phases in the whirl and whip modes with changes of rotative speeds and/or changes in lumped mass locations along the shaft.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002cosp...34E3257E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002cosp...34E3257E"><span>Preparation of Geophysical <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Flow Experiments ( GeoFlow ) in the <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Science Laboratory on ISS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Egbers, C.</p> <p></p> <p>The ,,GeoFlow" is an ESA experiment planned for the <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Science Laboratory on ISS under the scientific coordination (PI) of the Department of Aerodynamics and Fluidmechanics (LAS) at the Brandenburg Technical University (BTU) of Cottbus, Germany. The objective of the experiment is to study thermal convection in the gap between two concentric rotating (full) spheres. A central symmetric force field similar to the gravity field acting on planets can be produced by applying a high voltage between inner and outer sphere using the dielectrophoretic effect (rotating capacitor). To counter the unidirectional gravity under terrestrial conditions, this experiment requires a microgravity environment. The parameters of the experiment are chosen in analogy to the thermal convective motions in the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> of the Earth. In analogy to geophysical motions in the Earth's liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> the exp eriment can rotate as solid body as well as differential (inner to outer). Thermal convection is produced by heating the inner sphere and cooling the outer ones. Furtheron, the variation of radius ratio between inner and outer sphere is foreseen as a parameter variation. The flows to be investigated will strongly depend on the gap width and on the Prandtl number. Results of preparatory experiments and numerical simulation of the space experiment will be presented. Funding from DLR under grant 50 WM 0122 is greatfully ackwnoledged.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PEPI..275...19A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PEPI..275...19A"><span>Observation of <span class="hlt">core</span> sensitive phases: Constraints on the velocity and attenuation profile in the vicinity of the inner-<span class="hlt">core</span> boundary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Adam, J. M.-C.; Ibourichène, A.; Romanowicz, B.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p> originates at the base of the outer-<span class="hlt">core</span>. Our preferred model predicts the presence of an M phase, but significantly underestimates its amplitude. In order to explain the large amplitude of the M-phase and that of PKPBC-diff at distances larger than 165 ° without significantly affecting PKiKP amplitudes, it seems necessary to invoke a process that would produce strong scattering for diffracted phases in the immediate vicinity of the ICB, on the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> side. Clusters of solid particles suspended in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> or topography of the ICB are possible candidates that should be explored further.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.H53A1003B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.H53A1003B"><span>Deep and Ultra-deep Underground Observatory for In Situ Stress, <span class="hlt">Fluids</span>, and Life</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Boutt, D. F.; Wang, H.; Kieft, T. L.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The question 'How deeply does life extend into the Earth?' forms a single, compelling vision for multidisciplinary science opportunities associated with physical and biological processes occurring naturally or in response to construction in the deep and ultra-deep subsurface environment of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) in the former Homestake mine. The scientific opportunity is to understand the interaction between the physical environment and microbial life, specifically, the coupling among (1) stress state and deformation; (2) flow and transport and origin of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>; and (3) energy and nutrient sources for microbial life; and (4) microbial identity, diversity and activities. DUSEL-Homestake offers the environment in which these questions can be addressed unencumbered by competing human activities. Associated with the interaction among these variables are a number of questions that will be addressed at variety of depths and scales in the facility: What factors control the distribution of life as a function of depth and temperature? What patterns in microbial diversity, microbial activity and nutrients are found along this gradient? How do state variables (stress, strain, temperature, and pore pressure) and constitutive properties (permeability, porosity, modulus, etc.) vary with scale (space, depth, time) in a large 4D heterogeneous system: <span class="hlt">core</span> - borehole - drift - whole mine - regional? How are <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow and stress coupled in a low-permeability, crystalline environment dominated by preferential flow paths? How does this interaction influence the distribution of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, solutes, gases, colloids, and biological resources (e.g. energy and nutritive substrates) in the deep continental subsurface? What is the interaction between geomechanics/geohydrology and microbiology (microbial abundance, diversity, distribution, and activities)? Can relationships elucidated within the mechanically and hydrologically altered subsurface habitat</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvE..94b2611D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvE..94b2611D"><span>Importance of <span class="hlt">core</span> electrostatic properties on the electrophoresis of a soft particle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>De, Simanta; Bhattacharyya, Somnath; Gopmandal, Partha P.</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The impact of the volumetric charged density of the dielectric rigid <span class="hlt">core</span> on the electrophoresis of a soft particle is analyzed numerically. The volume charge density of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> of a soft particle can arise for a dendrimer structure or bacteriophage MS2. We consider the electrokinetic model based on the conservation principles, thus no conditions for Debye length or applied electric field is imposed. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow equations are coupled with the ion transport equations and the equation for the electric field. The occurrence of the induced nonuniform surface charge density on the outer surface of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> leads to a situation different from the existing analysis of a soft particle electrophoresis. The impact of this induced surface charge density together with the double-layer polarization and relaxation due to ion convection and electromigration is analyzed. The dielectric permittivity and the charge density of the <span class="hlt">core</span> have a significant impact on the particle electrophoresis when the Debye length is in the order of the particle size. We find that by varying the ionic concentration of the electrolyte, the particle can exhibit reversal in its electrophoretic velocity. The role of the polymer layer softness parameter is addressed in the present analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.........8S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.........8S"><span>Geothermal alteration of basaltic <span class="hlt">core</span> from the Snake River Plain, Idaho</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sant, Christopher J.</p> <p></p> <p>The Snake River Plain is located in the southern part of the state of Idaho. The eastern plain, on which this study focuses, is a trail of volcanics from the Yellowstone hotspot. Three exploratory geothermal wells were drilled on the Snake River Plain. This project analyzes basaltic <span class="hlt">core</span> from the first well at Kimama, north of Burley, Idaho. The objectives of this project are to establish zones of geothermal alteration and analyze the potential for geothermal power production using sub-aquifer resources on the axial volcanic zone of the Snake River Plain. Thirty samples from 1,912 m of <span class="hlt">core</span> were sampled and analyzed for clay content and composition using X-ray diffraction. Observations from <span class="hlt">core</span> samples and geophysical logs are also used to establish alteration zones. Mineralogical data, geophysical log data and physical characteristics of the <span class="hlt">core</span> suggest that the base of the Snake River Plain aquifer at the axial zone is located 960 m below the surface, much deeper than previously suspected. Swelling smectite clay clogs pore spaces and reduces porosity and permeability to create a natural base to the aquifer. Increased temperatures favor the formation of smectite clay and other secondary minerals to the bottom of the hole. Below 960 m the <span class="hlt">core</span> shows signs of alteration including color change, formation of clay, and filling of other secondary minerals in vesicles and fractured zones of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The smectite clay observed is Fe-rich clay that is authigenic in some places. Geothermal power generation may be feasible using a low temperature hot water geothermal system if thermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> can be attained near the bottom of the Kimama well.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..428..189M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMMM..428..189M"><span>Analysis of a ferrofluid <span class="hlt">core</span> differential transformer tilt measurement sensor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Medvegy, T.; Molnár, Á.; Molnár, G.; Gugolya, Z.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>In our work, we developed a ferrofluid <span class="hlt">core</span> differential transformer sensor, which can be used to measure tilt and acceleration. The proposed sensor consisted of three coils, from which the primary was excited with an alternating current. In the space surrounded by the coils was a cell half-filled with ferrofluid, therefore in the horizontal state of the sensor the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distributes equally in the three sections of the cell surrounded by the three coils. Nevertheless when the cell is being tilted or accelerated (in the direction of the axis of the coils), there is a different amount of ferrofluid in the three sections. The voltage induced in the secondary coils strongly depends on the amount of ferrofluid found in the <span class="hlt">core</span> surrounded by them, so the tilt or the acceleration of the cell becomes measurable. We constructed the sensor in several layouts. The linearly coiled sensor had an excellent resolution. Another version with a toroidal cell had almost perfect linearity and a virtually infinite measuring range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22415975-beyond-single-file-fluid-limit-using-transfer-matrix-method-exact-results-confined-parallel-hard-squares','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22415975-beyond-single-file-fluid-limit-using-transfer-matrix-method-exact-results-confined-parallel-hard-squares"><span>Beyond the single-file <span class="hlt">fluid</span> limit using transfer matrix method: Exact results for confined parallel hard squares</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gurin, Péter; Varga, Szabolcs</p> <p>2015-06-14</p> <p>We extend the transfer matrix method of one-dimensional hard <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluids</span> placed between confining walls for that case where the particles can pass each other and at most two layers can form. We derive an eigenvalue equation for a quasi-one-dimensional system of hard squares confined between two parallel walls, where the pore width is between σ and 3σ (σ is the side length of the square). The exact equation of state and the nearest neighbor distribution functions show three different structures: a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase with one layer, a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> phase with two layers, and a solid-like structure where the fluidmore » layers are strongly correlated. The structural transition between differently ordered <span class="hlt">fluids</span> develops continuously with increasing density, i.e., no thermodynamic phase transition occurs. The high density structure of the system consists of clusters with two layers which are broken with particles staying in the middle of the pore.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150008968','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150008968"><span>Dynamic Responses of the Earth's Outer <span class="hlt">Core</span> to Assimilation of Observed Geomagnetic Secular Variation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kuang, Weijia; Tangborn, Andrew</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Assimilation of surface geomagnetic observations and geodynamo models has advanced very quickly in recent years. However, compared to advanced data assimilation systems in meteorology, geomagnetic data assimilation (GDAS) is still in an early stage. Among many challenges ranging from data to models is the disparity between the short observation records and the long time scales of the <span class="hlt">core</span> dynamics. To better utilize available observational information, we have made an effort in this study to directly assimilate the Gauss coefficients of both the <span class="hlt">core</span> field and its secular variation (SV) obtained via global geomagnetic field modeling, aiming at understanding the dynamical responses of the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to these additional observational constraints. Our studies show that the SV assimilation helps significantly to shorten the dynamo model spin-up process. The flow beneath the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB) responds significantly to the observed field and its SV. The strongest responses occur in the relatively small scale flow (of the degrees L is approx. 30 in spherical harmonic expansions). This part of the flow includes the axisymmetric toroidal flow (of order m = 0) and non-axisymmetric poloidal flow with m (is) greater than 5. These responses can be used to better understand the <span class="hlt">core</span> flow and, in particular, to improve accuracies of predicting geomagnetic variability in future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-0700441.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-0700441.html"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Physics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-12-12</p> <p>These are video microscope images of magnetorheological (MR) <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, illuminated with a green light. Those on Earth, left, show the MR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> forming columns or spikes structures. On the right, the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in microgravity aboard the International Space Station (ISS), formed broader columns.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.T52B..01H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.T52B..01H"><span>The microstructural character and evolution of fault rocks from the SAFOD <span class="hlt">core</span> and potential weakening mechanisms along the San Andreas Fault (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holdsworth, R. E.; van Diggelen, E.; Spiers, C.; de Bresser, J. H.; Smith, S. A.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>In the region of the SAFOD borehole, the San Andreas Fault (SAF) separates two very different geological terranes referred to here as the Salinian and Great Valley blocks (SB, GVB). The three sections of <span class="hlt">core</span> preserve a diverse range of fault rocks and pass through the two currently active, highly localised slipping sections, the so-called ‘10480’ and ‘10830’ fault zones . These coincide with a broader region - perhaps as much as 100m wide - of high strain fault rocks formed at some time in the geological past, but now currently inactive. Both the slipping segments and older high strain zone(s) are developed in the GVB located NE of the terrane boundary. This is likely influenced by the phyllosilicate-rich protolith of the GVB and the large volume of trapped <span class="hlt">fluid</span> known to exist NE and below the SAF in this region. Microstructurally, lower strain domains (most of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 1 cutting the SB, significant parts of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 3 cutting the GVB) preserve clear evidence for classic upper crustal cataclastic brittle faulting processes and associated <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. The GVB in particular shows clear geological evidence for both <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure and differential stress cycling (variable modes of hydrofacture associated with faults) during seismicity. There is also some evidence in all minor faults for the operation of limited amounts of solution-precipitation creep. High strain domains (much of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 2 cutting the GVB, parts of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 3 adjacent to the 10830 fault) are characterised by the development of foliated cataclasites and gouge largely due to the new growth of fine-grained phyllosilicate networks (predominantly smectite-bearing mixed layer clays, locally serpentinite, but not talc). The most deformed sections are characterised by the development of shear band fabrics and asymmetric folds. Reworking and reactivation is widespread manifested by: i) the preservation of one or more earlier generations of gouge preserved as clasts; and ii) by the development of later interconnected</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014RScI...85k1502M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014RScI...85k1502M"><span>Contributed Review: Nuclear magnetic resonance <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis at 0.3 T</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mitchell, Jonathan; Fordham, Edmund J.</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides a powerful toolbox for petrophysical characterization of reservoir <span class="hlt">core</span> plugs and <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the laboratory. Previously, there has been considerable focus on low field magnet technology for well log calibration. Now there is renewed interest in the study of reservoir samples using stronger magnets to complement these standard NMR measurements. Here, the capabilities of an imaging magnet with a field strength of 0.3 T (corresponding to 12.9 MHz for proton) are reviewed in the context of reservoir <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis. Quantitative estimates of porosity (saturation) and pore size distributions are obtained under favorable conditions (e.g., in carbonates), with the added advantage of multidimensional imaging, detection of lower gyromagnetic ratio nuclei, and short probe recovery times that make the system suitable for shale studies. Intermediate field instruments provide quantitative porosity maps of rock plugs that cannot be obtained using high field medical scanners due to the field-dependent susceptibility contrast in the porous medium. Example data are presented that highlight the potential applications of an intermediate field imaging instrument as a complement to low field instruments in <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis and for materials science studies in general.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770025512','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770025512"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> sampling device</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Studenick, D. K. (Inventor)</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>An inlet leak is described for sampling gases, more specifically, for selectively sampling multiple <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. This <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sampling device includes a support frame. A plurality of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet devices extend through the support frame and each of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet devices include a longitudinal aperture. An opening device that is responsive to a control signal selectively opens the aperture to allow <span class="hlt">fluid</span> passage. A closing device that is responsive to another control signal selectively closes the aperture for terminating further <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016977','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70016977"><span>Geochemistry of tectonically expelled <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from the northern Coast ranges, Rumsey Hills, California, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Davisson, M.L.; Presser, T.S.; Criss, R.E.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p> component that is under abnormal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures cannot be ruled out. Basinal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> elsewhere commonly show dilution trends with local meteoric water, and in the case of the Rumsey Hills, some of the dilute saline waters may indicate deep penetration of meteoric water (> 1 km) in the Pleistocene before the latest tectonic uplift. Geothermometry of the spring waters (maximum ~90??C) suggest an origin from as deep as 4.0 km. This depth is consistent with the depth of the <span class="hlt">core</span> of a fault propagation anticline below the surface of the Rumsey Hills developed by active internal deformation of an east-tapering wedge beneath the southwestern Sacramento Valley. Active tectonic compression causes near-lithostatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressures in the shallow subsurface below the Rumsey Hills and volume strain within the <span class="hlt">core</span> of the anticline that results in upward expulsion of the saline <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from the indicated depths. ?? 1994.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985STIA...8621309S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985STIA...8621309S"><span>Theoretical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shivamoggi, B. K.</p> <p></p> <p>This book is concerned with a discussion of the dynamical behavior of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and is addressed primarily to graduate students and researchers in theoretical physics and applied mathematics. A review of basic concepts and equations of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics is presented, taking into account a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> model of systems, the objective of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics, the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> state, description of the flow field, volume forces and surface forces, relative motion near a point, stress-strain relation, equations of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows, surface tension, and a program for analysis of the governing equations. The dynamics of incompressible <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows is considered along with the dynamics of compressible <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows, the dynamics of viscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows, hydrodynamic stability, and dynamics of turbulence. Attention is given to the complex-variable method, three-dimensional irrotational flows, vortex flows, rotating flows, water waves, applications to aerodynamics, shock waves, potential flows, the hodograph method, flows at low and high Reynolds numbers, the Jeffrey-Hamel flow, and the capillary instability of a liquid jet.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000029461&hterms=travel+study&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtravel%2Bstudy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000029461&hterms=travel+study&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtravel%2Bstudy"><span>Cardiovascular Deconditioning in Humans: Human Studies <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Williams, Gordon</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Major cardiovascular problems, secondary to cardiovascular deconditioning, may occur on extended space missions. While it is generally assumed that the microgravity state is the primary cause of cardiovascular deconditioning, sleep deprivation and disruption of diurnal rhythms may also play an important role. Factors that could be modified by either or both of these perturbations include: autonomic function and short-term cardiovascular reflexes, vasoreactivity, circadian rhythm of cardiovascular hormones (specifically the renin-angiotensin system) and renal sodium handling and hormonal influences on that process, venous compliance, cardiac mass, and cardiac conduction processes. The purpose of the Human Studies <span class="hlt">Core</span> is to provide the infrastructure to conduct human experiments which will allow for the assessment of the likely role of such factors in the space travel associated cardiovascular deconditioning process and to develop appropriate countermeasures. The <span class="hlt">Core</span> takes advantage of a newly-created Intensive Physiologic Monitoring (IPM) Unit at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, to perform these studies. The <span class="hlt">Core</span> includes two general experimental protocols. The first protocol involves a head down tilt bed-rest study to simulate microgravity. The second protocol includes the addition of a disruption of circadian rhythms to the simulated microgravity environment. Before and after each of these environmental manipulations, the subjects will undergo acute stressors simulating changes in volume and/or stress, which could occur in space and on return to Earth. The subjects are maintained in a rigidly controlled environment with fixed light/dark cycles, activity pattern, and dietary intake of nutrients, <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, ions and calories.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4427608','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4427608"><span>Functionalized magnetic iron oxide/alginate <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles for targeting hyperthermia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liao, Shih-Hsiang; Liu, Chia-Hung; Bastakoti, Bishnu Prasad; Suzuki, Norihiro; Chang, Yung; Yamauchi, Yusuke; Lin, Feng-Huei; Wu, Kevin C-W</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Hyperthermia is one of the promising treatments for cancer therapy. However, the development of a magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> agent that can selectively target a tumor and efficiently elevate temperature while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility still remains challenging. Here a new <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanostructure consisting of inorganic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as the <span class="hlt">core</span>, organic alginate as the shell, and cell-targeting ligands (ie, D-galactosamine) decorated on the outer surface (denoted as Fe3O4@Alg-GA nanoparticles) was prepared using a combination of a pre-gel method and coprecipitation in aqueous solution. After treatment with an AC magnetic field, the results indicate that Fe3O4@Alg-GA nanoparticles had excellent hyperthermic efficacy in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) owing to enhanced cellular uptake, and show great potential as therapeutic agents for future in vivo drug delivery systems. PMID:26005343</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26005343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26005343"><span>Functionalized magnetic iron oxide/alginate <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles for targeting hyperthermia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liao, Shih-Hsiang; Liu, Chia-Hung; Bastakoti, Bishnu Prasad; Suzuki, Norihiro; Chang, Yung; Yamauchi, Yusuke; Lin, Feng-Huei; Wu, Kevin C-W</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Hyperthermia is one of the promising treatments for cancer therapy. However, the development of a magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> agent that can selectively target a tumor and efficiently elevate temperature while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility still remains challenging. Here a new <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanostructure consisting of inorganic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as the <span class="hlt">core</span>, organic alginate as the shell, and cell-targeting ligands (ie, D-galactosamine) decorated on the outer surface (denoted as Fe3O4@Alg-GA nanoparticles) was prepared using a combination of a pre-gel method and coprecipitation in aqueous solution. After treatment with an AC magnetic field, the results indicate that Fe3O4@Alg-GA nanoparticles had excellent hyperthermic efficacy in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) owing to enhanced cellular uptake, and show great potential as therapeutic agents for future in vivo drug delivery systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFDR24002W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFDR24002W"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Structure Interactions as Flow Propagates Tangentially Over a Flexible Plate with Application to Voiced Speech Production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Westervelt, Andrea; Erath, Byron</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>Voiced speech is produced by <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-structure interactions that drive vocal fold motion. Viscous flow features influence the pressure in the gap between the vocal folds (i.e. glottis), thereby altering vocal fold dynamics and the sound that is produced. During the closing phases of the phonatory cycle, vortices form as a result of flow separation as air passes through the divergent glottis. It is hypothesized that the reduced pressure within a vortex <span class="hlt">core</span> will alter the pressure distribution along the vocal fold surface, thereby aiding in vocal fold closure. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of intraglottal vortices on the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-structure interactions of voiced speech by investigating how the dynamics of a flexible plate are influenced by a vortex ring passing tangentially over it. A flexible plate, which models the medial vocal fold surface, is placed in a water-filled tank and positioned parallel to the exit of a vortex generator. The physical parameters of plate stiffness and vortex circulation are scaled with physiological values. As vortices propagate over the plate, particle image velocimetry measurements are captured to analyze the energy exchange between the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and flexible plate. The investigations are performed over a range of vortex formation numbers, and lateral displacements of the plate from the centerline of the vortex trajectory. Observations show plate oscillations with displacements directly correlated with the vortex <span class="hlt">core</span> location.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DPPJI3002L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DPPJI3002L"><span>Characterization of the <span class="hlt">core</span> poloidal flow at ASDEX Upgrade</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lebschy, Alexander</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>An essential result from neoclassical (NC) theory is that the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> poloidal rotation (upol) of the main ions is strongly damped by magnetic pumping and, therefore, expected to be small (< 2 km / s). Despite many previous investigations, the nature of the <span class="hlt">core</span> upol remains an open question: studies at DIII-D show that at low collisionalities, upol is significantly higher in the plasma <span class="hlt">core</span> than expected. At higher collisionalities, however, a rather good agreement between experiment and theory has been found at both DIII-D and TCV. This is qualitatively consistent with the edge results from both Alcator C-Mod and ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). At AUG thanks to an upgrade of the <span class="hlt">core</span> charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostics, the <span class="hlt">core</span> upol can be evaluated through the inboard-outboard asymmetry of the toroidal rotation with an accuracy of 0.5 - 1 km / s . This measurement also provides the missing ingredient to evaluate the <span class="hlt">core</span> (E-> × B->) velocity (uE-> × B->) via the radial force balance equation. At AUG the <span class="hlt">core</span> upol (0.35 <ρtor < 0.65) is found to be ion-diamagnetic directed in contradiction to NC predictions. However, the edge rotation is always found to be electron-directed and in good quantitative agreement with NC codes. Additionally, the intrinsic rotation has been measured in Ohmic L-mode plasmas. From the observed data, it is clear that the gradient of the toroidal rotation is flat to slightly negative at the critical density defining the transition from the linear to the saturated Ohmic confinement regime. Furthermore, the non-neoclassical upol observed in these plasma leads to a good agreement between the uE-> × B-> determined from CXRS and the perpendicular velocity measured from turbulence propagation. The difference between these two quantities is the turbulent phase velocity. The gathered dataset indicates that the transition in the turbulence regime occurs after the saturation of the energy confinement time. The author thankfully</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780011523','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780011523"><span>Automatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dispenser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sakellaris, P. C. (Inventor)</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> automatically flows to individual dispensing units at predetermined times from a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> supply and is available only for a predetermined interval of time after which an automatic control causes the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to drain from the individual dispensing units. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> deprivation continues until the beginning of a new cycle when the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is once again automatically made available at the individual dispensing units.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873002','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873002"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> sampling tool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Garcia, Anthony R.; Johnston, Roger G.; Martinez, Ronald K.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-sampling tool for obtaining a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sample from a container. When used in combination with a rotatable drill, the tool bores a hole into a container wall, withdraws a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sample from the container, and seals the borehole. The tool collects <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sample without exposing the operator or the environment to the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> or to wall shavings from the container.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870042703&hterms=gravity+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dgravity%2Bearth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870042703&hterms=gravity+earth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dgravity%2Bearth"><span>The earth's C21 and S21 gravity coefficients and the rotation of the <span class="hlt">core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wahr, John M.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Observational results for the earth's C21 and S21 gravity coefficients can be used to constrain the mean equatorial rotation of the <span class="hlt">core</span> with respect to the mantle. Current satellite gravity solutions suggest the equatorial rotation rate is no larger than 1 x 10 to the -7th times the earth's diurnal spin rate, a limit more than one order of magnitude smaller than the polar rotation rate inferred from the westward drift of the earth's magnetic field. The next generation gravity solutions should improve this constraint by more than one order of magnitude. Implications for the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary and for the shape of that boundary are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/932890','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/932890"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Rock Characterization for NMR Well Logging and Special <span class="hlt">Core</span> Analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>George Hirasaki; Kishore Mohanty</p> <p>2007-12-31</p> <p>The overall objective of this effort is to develop, build and test a high-speed drilling motor that can meet the performance guidelines of the announcement, namely: 'The motors are expected to rotate at a minimum of 10,000 rpm, have an OD no larger than 7 inches and work downhole continuously for at least 100 hours. The motor must have common oilfield thread connections capable of making up to a drill bit and bottomhole assembly. The motor must be capable of transmitting drilling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> through the motor'. To these goals, APS would add that the motor must be economically viable, inmore » terms of both its manufacturing and maintenance costs, and be applicable to as broad a range of markets as possible. APS has taken the approach of using a system using planetary gears to increase the speed of a conventional mud motor to 10,000 rpm. The mud flow is directed around the outside of the gear train, and a unique flow diversion system has been employed. A prototype of the motor was built and tested in APS's high-pressure flow loop. The motor operated per the model up to {approx}4200 rpm. At that point a bearing seized and the performance was severely degraded. The motor is being rebuilt and will be retested outside of this program.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........35N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........35N"><span>Microfluidic and micro-<span class="hlt">core</span> methods for enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Phong</p> <p></p> <p>Injection of CO2 into the subsurface, for both storage and oil recovery, is an emerging strategy to mitigate atmospheric CO2 emissions and associated climate change. In this thesis microfluidic and micro-<span class="hlt">core</span> methods were developed to inform combined CO2-storage and oil recovery operations and determine relevant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> properties. Pore scale studies of nanoparticle stabilized CO2-in-water foam and its application in oil recovery to show significant improvement in oil recovery rate with different oils from around the world (light, medium, and heavy). The CO2 nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foams generate a three-fold increase in oil recovery (an additional 15% of initial oil in place) as compared to an otherwise similar CO2 gas flood. Nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foam flooding also results in significantly smaller oil-in-water emulsion sizes. All three oils show substantial additional oil recovery and a positive reservoir homogenization effect. A supporting microfluidic approach is developed to quantify the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) -- a critical parameter for combined CO 2 storage and enhanced oil recovery. The method leverages the inherent fluorescence of crude oils, is faster than conventional technologies, and provides quantitative, operator-independent measurements. In terms of speed, a pressure scan for a single minimum miscibility pressure measurement required less than 30 min, in stark contrast to days or weeks with existing rising bubble and slimtube methods. In practice, subsurface geology also interacts with injected CO 2. Commonly carbonate dissolution results in pore structure, porosity, and permeability changes. These changes are measured by x-ray microtomography (micro-CT), liquid permeability measurements, and chemical analysis. Chemical composition of the produced liquid analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) shows concentrations of magnesium and calcium. This work leverages established advantages of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CeMDA.129..449B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CeMDA.129..449B"><span>Rotation of a rigid satellite with a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> component: a new light onto Titan's obliquity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Boué, Gwenaël; Rambaux, Nicolas; Richard, Andy</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We revisit the rotation dynamics of a rigid satellite with either a liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> or a global subsurface ocean. In both problems, the flow of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> component is assumed inviscid. The study of a hollow satellite with a liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> is based on the Poincaré-Hough model which provides exact equations of motion. We introduce an approximation when the ellipticity of the cavity is low. This simplification allows to model both types of satellite in the same manner. The analysis of their rotation is done in a non-canonical Hamiltonian formalism closely related to Poincaré's "forme nouvelle des équations de la mécanique". In the case of a satellite with a global ocean, we obtain a seven-degree-of-freedom system. Six of them account for the motion of the two rigid components, and the last one is associated with the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> layer. We apply our model to Titan for which the origin of the obliquity is still a debated question. We show that the observed value is compatible with Titan slightly departing from the hydrostatic equilibrium and being in a Cassini equilibrium state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43G2945K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V43G2945K"><span>Preliminary biological sampling of GT3 and BT1 <span class="hlt">cores</span> and the microbial community dynamics of existing subsurface wells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kraus, E. A.; Stamps, B. W.; Rempfert, K. R.; Ellison, E. T.; Nothaft, D. B.; Boyd, E. S.; Templeton, A. S.; Spear, J. R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Subsurface microbial life is poorly understood but potentially very important to the search for life on other planets as well as increasing our understanding of Earth's geobiological processes. <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> and rocks of actively serpentinizing subsurface environments are a recent target of biological study due to their apparent ubiquity across the solar system. Areas of serpentinization can contain high concentrations of molecular hydrogen, H2, that can serve as the dominant fuel source for subsurface microbiota. Working with the Oman Drilling Project, DNA and RNA were extracted from <span class="hlt">fluids</span> of seven alkaline wells and two rock <span class="hlt">cores</span> from drill sites GT3 and BT1 within the Samail ophiolite. DNA and cDNA (produced via reverse transcription from the recovered RNA) were sequenced using universal primers to identify microbial life across all three domains. Alkaline subsurface <span class="hlt">fluids</span> support a microbial community that changes with pH and host-rock type. In peridotite with pH values of >11, wells NSHQ 14 and WAB 71 have high relative abundances of Meiothermus, Methanobacterium, the family Nitrospiraceae, and multiple types of the class Dehalococcoidia. While also hosted in peridotite but at pH 8.5, wells WAB 104 and 105 have a distinct, more diverse microbial community. This increased variance in community make-up is seen in wells that sit near/at the contact of gabbro and peridotite formations as well. <span class="hlt">Core</span> results indicate both sampled rock types host a very low biomass environment subject to multiple sources of contamination during the drilling process. Suggestions for contaminant reduction, such as having <span class="hlt">core</span> handlers wear nitrile gloves and flame-sterilizing the outer surfaces of <span class="hlt">core</span> rounds for biological sampling, would have minimal impact to overall ODP coreflow and maximize the ability to better understand in situ microbiota in this low-biomass serpentinizing subsurface environment. While DNA extraction was successful with gram amounts of crushed rock, much can be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860055222&hterms=contact+area&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcontact%2Barea','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860055222&hterms=contact+area&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcontact%2Barea"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> to <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contact heat exchanger</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Clark, W. E.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Heat transfer and pressure drop test results for a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contact heat exchanger are reported. The heat exchanger, fabricated and tested to demonstrate one method of transferring heat between structures in space, had a total contact area of 0.18 sq m. It utilized contact surfaces which were flexible and conformed to the mating contact surfaces upon pressurization of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulating within the heat exchanger. During proof-of-concept performance tests, the heat exchanger was operated in a typical earth environment. It demonstrated a contact conductance of 3.8 kW/sq m C at contact pressures in the 15 to 70 kPa range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22391154-performance-evaluation-openfoam-many-core-architectures','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22391154-performance-evaluation-openfoam-many-core-architectures"><span>Performance evaluation of OpenFOAM on many-<span class="hlt">core</span> architectures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Brzobohatý, Tomáš; Říha, Lubomír; Karásek, Tomáš, E-mail: tomas.karasek@vsb.cz</p> <p></p> <p>In this article application of Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) C++ libraries for solving engineering problems on many-<span class="hlt">core</span> architectures is presented. Objective of this article is to present scalability of OpenFOAM on parallel platforms solving real engineering problems of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics. Scalability test of OpenFOAM is performed using various hardware and different implementation of standard PCG and PBiCG Krylov iterative methods. Speed up of various implementations of linear solvers using GPU and MIC accelerators are presented in this paper. Numerical experiments of 3D lid-driven cavity flow for several cases with various number of cells are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26778200','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26778200"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Retention and Rostral <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Shift in Sleep-Disordered Breathing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kasai, Takatoshi</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common and adversely affects cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite multifactorial pathogenesis, SDB is prevalent in patients with <span class="hlt">fluid</span> retention disorders, such as drug-resistant hypertension, end-stage renal disease, and heart failure, suggesting that <span class="hlt">fluid</span> retention may play a role in the pathogenesis of SDB. During the day, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is likely to accumulate in the legs, and upon lying down at night is displaced from the legs. Many data suggest that some of this <span class="hlt">fluid</span> displaced from the legs may redistribute to the upper body and predispose to SDB. This review article will highlight evidence for a relationship between SDB and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> retention or rostral <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shift, and discuss mechanisms that link them.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23394805','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23394805"><span>Analytical solution of two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> electro-osmotic flows of viscoelastic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Afonso, A M; Alves, M A; Pinho, F T</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>This paper presents an analytical model that describes a two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> electro-osmotic flow of stratified <span class="hlt">fluids</span> with Newtonian or viscoelastic rheological behavior. This is the principle of operation of an electro-osmotic two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> pump as proposed by Brask et al. [Tech. Proc. Nanotech., 1, 190-193, 2003], in which an electrically non-conducting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is transported by the interfacial dragging viscous force of a conducting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that is driven by electro-osmosis. The electric potential in the conducting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and the analytical steady flow solution of the two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> electro-osmotic stratified flow in a planar microchannel are presented by assuming a planar interface between the two immiscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span> with Newtonian or viscoelastic rheological behavior. The effects of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> rheology, shear viscosity ratio, holdup and interfacial zeta potential are analyzed to show the viability of this technique, where an enhancement of the flow rate is observed as the shear-thinning effects are increased. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24577562','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24577562"><span>Down- and up-conversion luminescent carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span>: inkjet printing and gel glass fabrication.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Fu; Xie, Zheng; Zhang, Bing; Liu, Yun; Yang, Wendong; Liu, Chun-yan</p> <p>2014-04-07</p> <p>Room temperature liquid-like nanoparticles have emerged as an exciting new research and development area, because their properties could be tailored over a broad range by manipulating geometric and chemical characteristics of the inorganic <span class="hlt">core</span> and organic canopy. However, related applications are rarely reported due to the multi-step synthesis process and potential toxicity of cadmium based nanomaterials. In this study, we prepared inexpensive and eco-friendly carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by the direct thermal decomposition method. The carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> can be excited from UV to near infrared light, and can be prepared as highly concentrated luminescent ink or incorporated into sol-gel derived organically modified silicate glass, suggesting that it has great application potential in the field of printable electronics, solid state lighting and so on.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017140','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70017140"><span>The change in orientation of subsidiary shears near faults containing pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> under high pressure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Byerlee, J.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Byerlee, J., 1992. The change in orientation of subsidiary shears near faults containing pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> under high pressure. In: T. Mikumo, K. Aki, M. Ohnaka, L.J. Ruff and P.K.P. Spudich (Editors), Earthquake Source Physics and Earthquake Precursors. Tectonophysics, 211: 295-303. The mechanical effects of a fault containing near-lithostatic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure in which <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure decreases monotonically from the <span class="hlt">core</span> of the fault zone to the adjacent country rock is considered. This <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure distribution has mechanical implications for the orientation of subsidiary shears around a fault. Analysis shows that the maximum principal stress is oriented at a high angle to the fault in the country rock where the pore pressure is hydrostatic, and rotates to 45?? to the fault within the fault zone where the pore pressure is much higher. This analysis suggests that on the San Andreas fault, where heat flow constraints require that the coefficient of friction for slip on the fault be less than 0.1, the pore <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure on the main fault is 85% of the lithostatic pressure. The observed geometry of the subsidiary shears in the creeping section of the San Andreas are broadly consistent with this model, with differences that may be due to the heterogeneous nature of the fault. ?? 1992.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fluid+AND+mechanic&pg=4&id=EJ364161','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fluid+AND+mechanic&pg=4&id=EJ364161"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mechanics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Drazin, Philip</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Outlines the contents of Volume II of "Principia" by Sir Isaac Newton. Reviews the contributions of subsequent scientists to the physics of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics. Discusses the treatment of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics in physics curricula. Highlights a few of the problems of modern research in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics. Shows that problems still remain. (CW)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1221975','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1221975"><span>Electric <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pump</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Van Dam, Jeremy Daniel; Turnquist, Norman Arnold; Raminosoa, Tsarafidy; Shah, Manoj Ramprasad; Shen, Xiaochun</p> <p>2015-09-29</p> <p>An electric machine is presented. The electric machine includes a hollow rotor; and a stator disposed within the hollow rotor, the stator defining a flow channel. The hollow rotor includes a first end portion defining a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet, a second end portion defining a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet; the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet, the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet, and the flow channel of the stator being configured to allow passage of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet to the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet via the flow channel; and wherein the hollow rotor is characterized by a largest cross-sectional area of hollow rotor, and wherein the flow channel is characterized by a smallest cross-sectional area of the flow channel, wherein the smallest cross-sectional area of the flow channel is at least about 25% of the largest cross-sectional area of the hollow rotor. An electric <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pump and a power generation system are also presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070016703','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070016703"><span>Testing of the Multi-<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Evaporator Engineering Development Unit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Quinn, Gregory; O'Connor, Ed; Riga, Ken; Anderson, Molly; Westheimer, David</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Hamilton Sundstrand is under contract with the NASA Johnson Space Center to develop a scalable, evaporative heat rejection system called the Multi-<span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Evaporator (MFE). It is being designed to support the Orion Crew Module and to support future Constellation missions. The MFE would be used from Earth sea level conditions to the vacuum of space. The current Shuttle configuration utilizes an ammonia boiler and flash evaporator system to achieve cooling at all altitudes. The MFE system combines both functions into a single compact package with significant weight reduction and improved freeze-up protection. The heat exchanger <span class="hlt">core</span> is designed so that radial flow of the evaporant provides increasing surface area to keep the back pressure low. The multiple layer construction of the <span class="hlt">core</span> allows for efficient scale up to the desired heat rejection rate. The full scale MFE prototype will be constructed with four <span class="hlt">core</span> sections that, combined with a novel control scheme, manage the risk of freezing the heat exchanger <span class="hlt">cores</span>. A sub-scale MFE engineering development unit (EDU) has been built, and is identical to one of the four sections of a full scale prototype. The EDU has completed testing at Hamilton Sundstrand. The overall test objective was to determine the thermal performance of the EDU. The first set of tests simulated how each of the four sections of the prototype would perform by varying the chamber pressure, evaporant flow rate, coolant flow rate and coolant temperature. A second set of tests was conducted with an outlet steam header in place to verify that the outlet steam orifices prevent freeze-up in the <span class="hlt">core</span> while also allowing the desired thermal turn-down ratio. This paper discusses the EDU tests and results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUSM.P33A..06A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUSM.P33A..06A"><span>Layering of sustained vortices in rotating stratified <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aubert, O.; Le Bars, M.; Le Gal, P.</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>The ocean is a natural stratified <span class="hlt">fluid</span> layer where large structures are influenced by the rotation of the planet through the Coriolis force. In particular, the ocean Meddies are long-lived anticyclonic pancake vortices of Mediterranean origin evolving in the Atlantic Ocean: they have a saltier and warmer <span class="hlt">core</span> than the sourrounding oceanic water, their diameters go up to 100 km and they can survive for 2 to 3 years in the ocean. Their extensive study using seismic images revealed finestructures surrounding their <span class="hlt">core</span> (Biescas et al., 2008; Ruddick et al., 2009) corresponding to layers of constant density which thickness is about 40 m and horizontal extent is more than 10 km. These layers can have different origins: salt fingers from a double-diffusive instabilities of salt and heat (Ruddick & Gargett, 2003), viscous overturning motions from a double-diffusive instabilities of salt and momentum (McIntyre, 1970) or global modes of the quasi-geostrophic instability (Nguyen et al., 2011)? As observed by Griffiths & Linden (1981), sustained laboratory anticyclonic vortices created via a continuous injection of isodense <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in a rotating and linearly stratified layer of salty water are quickly surrounded by layers of constant density. In the continuity of their experiments, we systematically investigated the double-diffusive instability of McIntyre by varying the Coriolis parameter f and the buoyancy frequency N of the background both in experiments and in numerical simulations, and studied the influence of the Schmidt number in numerical simulations. Following McIntyre's approach, typical length and time scales of the instability are well described by a linear stability analysis based on a gaussian model that fits both laboratory and oceanic vortices. The instability appears to be favoured by high Rossby numbers and ratios f/N. We then apply these results to ocean Meddies and conclude about their stability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28159011','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28159011"><span><span class="hlt">Fluids</span> and sepsis: changing the paradigm of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> therapy: a case report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hariyanto, Hori; Yahya, Corry Quando; Widiastuti, Monika; Wibowo, Primartanto; Tampubolon, Oloan Eduard</p> <p>2017-02-04</p> <p>Over the past 16 years, sepsis management has been guided by large-volume <span class="hlt">fluid</span> administration to achieve certain hemodynamic optimization as advocated in the Rivers protocol. However, the safety of such practice has been questioned because large-volume <span class="hlt">fluid</span> administration is associated with <span class="hlt">fluid</span> overload and carries the worst outcome in patients with sepsis. Researchers in multiple studies have declared that using less <span class="hlt">fluid</span> leads to increased survival, but they did not describe how to administer <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a timely and appropriate manner. An 86-year-old previously healthy Sundanese man was admitted to the intensive care unit at our institution with septic shock, acute kidney injury, and respiratory distress. Standard care was implemented during his initial care in the high-care unit; nevertheless, his condition worsened, and he was transferred to the intensive care unit. We describe the timing of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> administration and elaborate on the amount of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> needed using a conservative <span class="hlt">fluid</span> regimen in a continuum of resuscitated sepsis. Because <span class="hlt">fluid</span> depletion in septic shock is caused by capillary leak and pathologic vasoplegia, continuation of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> administration will drive intravascular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> into the interstitial space, thereby producing marked tissue edema and disrupting vital oxygenation. Thus, <span class="hlt">fluids</span> have the power to heal or kill. Therefore, management of patients with sepsis should entail early vasopressors with adequate <span class="hlt">fluid</span> resuscitation followed by a conservative <span class="hlt">fluid</span> regimen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/al1087.photos.046809p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/al1087.photos.046809p/"><span>34. DESPATCH <span class="hlt">CORE</span> OVENS, GREY IRON FOUNDRY <span class="hlt">CORE</span> ROOM, BAKES ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>34. DESPATCH <span class="hlt">CORE</span> OVENS, GREY IRON FOUNDRY <span class="hlt">CORE</span> ROOM, BAKES <span class="hlt">CORES</span> THAT ARE NOT MADE ON HEATED OR COLD BOX <span class="hlt">CORE</span> MACHINES, TO SET BINDING AGENTS MIXED WITH THE SAND CREATING <span class="hlt">CORES</span> HARD ENOUGH TO WITHSTAND THE FLOW OF MOLTEN IRON INSIDE A MOLD. - Stockham Pipe & Fittings Company, Grey Iron Foundry, 4000 Tenth Avenue North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Litho.118..313R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Litho.118..313R"><span>Trace-element patterns of fibrous and monocrystalline diamonds: Insights into mantle <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rege, S.; Griffin, W. L.; Pearson, N. J.; Araujo, D.; Zedgenizov, D.; O'Reilly, S. Y.</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>During their growth diamonds may trap micron-scale inclusions of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from which they grew, and these "time capsules" provide insights into the metasomatic processes that have modified the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. LAM-ICPMS analysis of trace elements in > 500 fibrous and monocrystalline diamonds worldwide has been used to understand the nature of these <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Analyses of fibrous diamonds define two general types of pattern, a "fibrous-high" (FH) one with high contents of LREE, Ba and K, and a "fibrous-low" (FL) pattern characterized by depletion in LREE/MREE, Ba and K, negative anomalies in Sr and Y, and subchondritic Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta. Both types may be found in fibrous diamonds from single deposits, and in three Yakutian pipes some diamonds show abrupt transitions from inclusion-rich <span class="hlt">cores</span> with FH patterns to clearer rims with FL patterns. Most monocrystalline diamonds show FL-type patterns, but some have patterns that resemble those of FH fibrous diamonds. Peridotitic and eclogitic monocrystalline diamonds may show either patterns with relatively flat REE, or patterns with more strongly depleted LREE. Kimberlites that contain peridotitic diamonds with "high" patterns also contain eclogitic diamonds with "high" patterns. Strong similarities in the patterns of these two groups of diamonds may suggest high <span class="hlt">fluid</span>/rock ratios. Many diamonds of the "superdeep" paragenesis have trace-element patterns similar to those of other monocrystalline diamonds. This may be evidence that the trace-element compositions of deep-seated <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are generally similar to those that form diamonds in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The element fractionations observed between the FH and FL patterns are consistent with the immiscible separation of a silicic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from a carbonatite-silicate <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, leaving a residual carbonatitic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> strongly enriched in LREE, Ba and alkalies. This model would suggest that most monocrystalline diamonds crystallized from the more</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874010','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874010"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> sampling tool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Johnston, Roger G.; Garcia, Anthony R. E.; Martinez, Ronald K.</p> <p>2001-09-25</p> <p>The invention includes a rotatable tool for collecting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> through the wall of a container. The tool includes a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collection section with a cylindrical shank having an end portion for drilling a hole in the container wall when the tool is rotated, and a threaded portion for tapping the hole in the container wall. A passageway in the shank in communication with at least one radial inlet hole in the drilling end and an opening at the end of the shank is adapted to receive <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from the container. The tool also includes a cylindrical chamber affixed to the end of the shank opposite to the drilling portion thereof for receiving and storing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> passing through the passageway. The tool also includes a flexible, deformable gasket that provides a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-tight chamber to confine kerf generated during the drilling and tapping of the hole. The invention also includes a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> extractor section for extracting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> samples from the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collecting section.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016HESS...20...39T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016HESS...20...39T"><span>Accelerated gravity testing of aquitard <span class="hlt">core</span> permeability and implications at formation and regional scale</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Timms, W. A.; Crane, R.; Anderson, D. J.; Bouzalakos, S.; Whelan, M.; McGeeney, D.; Rahman, P. F.; Acworth, R. I.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Evaluating the possibility of leakage through low-permeability geological strata is critically important for sustainable water supplies, the extraction of fuels from coal and other strata, and the confinement of waste within the earth. The current work demonstrates that relatively rapid and realistic vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) measurements of aquitard <span class="hlt">cores</span> using accelerated gravity can constrain and compliment larger-scale assessments of hydraulic connectivity. Steady-state <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity through a low-K porous sample is linearly related to accelerated gravity (g level) in a centrifuge permeameter (CP) unless consolidation or geochemical reactions occur. A CP module was custom designed to fit a standard 2 m diameter geotechnical centrifuge (550 g maximum) with a capacity for sample dimensions up to 100 mm diameter and 200 mm length, and a total stress of ˜ 2 MPa at the base of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. Formation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were used as influent to limit any shrink-swell phenomena, which may alter the permeability. Kv results from CP testing of minimally disturbed <span class="hlt">cores</span> from three sites within a clayey-silt formation varied from 10-10 to 10-7 m s-1 (number of samples, n = 18). Additional tests were focussed on the Cattle Lane (CL) site, where Kv within the 99 % confidence interval (n = 9) was 1.1 × 10<Superscript>-9</Superscript> to 2.0 × 10<Superscript>-9</Superscript> m s<Superscript>-1</Superscript>. These Kv results were very similar to an independent in situ Kv method based on pore pressure propagation though the sequence. However, there was less certainty at two other <span class="hlt">core</span> sites due to limited and variable Kv data. Blind standard 1 g column tests underestimated Kv compared to CP and in situ Kv data, possibly due to deionised water interactions with clay, and were more time-consuming than CP tests. Our Kv results were compared with the set-up of a flow model for the region, and considered in the context of heterogeneity and preferential flow paths at site and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMMR22A..08O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMMR22A..08O"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> Formation Process and Light Elements in the Planetary <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ohtani, E.; Sakairi, T.; Watanabe, K.; Kamada, S.; Sakamaki, T.; Hirao, N.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Si, O, and S are major candidates for light elements in the planetary <span class="hlt">core</span>. In the early stage of the planetary formation, the <span class="hlt">core</span> formation started by percolation of the metallic liquid though silicate matrix because Fe-S-O and Fe-S-Si eutectic temperatures are significantly lower than the solidus of the silicates. Therefore, in the early stage of accretion of the planets, the eutectic liquid with S enrichment was formed and separated into the <span class="hlt">core</span> by percolation. The major light element in the <span class="hlt">core</span> at this stage will be sulfur. The internal pressure and temperature increased with the growth of the planets, and the metal component depleted in S was molten. The metallic melt contained both Si and O at high pressure in the deep magma ocean in the later stage. Thus, the <span class="hlt">core</span> contains S, Si, and O in this stage of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation. Partitioning experiments between solid and liquid metals indicate that S is partitioned into the liquid metal, whereas O is weakly into the liquid. Partitioning of Si changes with the metallic iron phases, i.e., fcc iron-alloy coexisting with the metallic liquid below 30 GPa is depleted in Si. Whereas hcp-Fe alloy above 30 GPa coexisting with the liquid favors Si. This contrast of Si partitioning provides remarkable difference in compositions of the solid inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and liquid outer <span class="hlt">core</span> among different terrestrial planets. Our melting experiments of the Fe-S-Si and Fe-O-S systems at high pressure indicate the <span class="hlt">core</span>-adiabats in small planets, Mercury and Mars, are greater than the slope of the solidus and liquidus curves of these systems. Thus, in these planets, the <span class="hlt">core</span> crystallized at the top of the liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> and 'snowing <span class="hlt">core</span>' formation occurred during crystallization. The solid inner <span class="hlt">core</span> is depleted in both Si and S whereas the liquid outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is relatively enriched in Si and S in these planets. On the other hand, the <span class="hlt">core</span> adiabats in large planets, Earth and Venus, are smaller than the solidus and liquidus curves of the systems. The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS23F..04F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMOS23F..04F"><span>Detachment Faulting, Serpentinization, <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> and Life: Preliminary Results of IODP Expedition 357 (Atlantis Massif, MAR 30°N)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fruh-Green, G. L.; Orcutt, B.; Green, S.; Cotterill, C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We present an overview of IODP Expedition 357, which successfully used two seabed rock drills to <span class="hlt">core</span> 17 shallow holes at 9 sites across Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30°N). A major goal of this expedition is to investigate serpentinization processes and microbial activity in the shallow subsurface of highly altered ultramafic and mafic sequences that have been uplifted to the seafloor along a major detachment fault zone. More than 57 m of <span class="hlt">core</span> were recovered, with borehole penetration ranging from 1.3 to 16.4 meters below seafloor, and <span class="hlt">core</span> recovery as high as 75% of total penetration. The <span class="hlt">cores</span> show highly heterogeneous rock type, bulk rock chemistry and alteration that reflect multiple phases of magmatism and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction within the detachment fault zone. In <span class="hlt">cores</span> along an E-W transect of the southern wall, recovered mantle peridotites are locally intruded by gabbroic and doleritic dikes and veins. The proportion of mafic rocks are volumetrically less than the amount of mafic rocks recovered previously in the central dome at IODP Site U1309, suggesting a lower degree of melt infiltration into mantle peridotite at the ridge-transform intersection. New technologies were developed and successfully applied for the first time: (1) an in-situ sensor package and water sampling system on each seabed drill measured real-time variations in dissolved methane, oxygen, pH, oxidation reduction potential, temperature, and conductivity during drilling and took water samples after drilling; (2) a borehole plug system to seal the boreholes was successfully deployed at two sites to allow access for future sampling; and (3) delivery of chemical tracers into the drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span> for contamination testing. We will provide an overview of the drilling strategy and preliminary results of Expedition 357, and highlight the role of serpentinization in sustaining microbial communities in a region of active serpentinization and low temperature hydrothermal alteration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29498830','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29498830"><span>Block Copolymer Micelles for Photonic <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> and Crystals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Poutanen, Mikko; Guidetti, Giulia; Gröschel, Tina I; Borisov, Oleg V; Vignolini, Silvia; Ikkala, Olli; Gröschel, Andre H</p> <p>2018-04-24</p> <p>Block copolymer micelles (BCMs) are self-assembled nanoparticles in solution with a collapsed <span class="hlt">core</span> and a brush-like stabilizing corona typically in the size range of tens of nanometers. Despite being widely studied in various fields of science and technology, their ability to form structural colors at visible wavelength has not received attention, mainly due to the stringent length requirements of photonic lattices. Here, we describe the precision assembly of BCMs with superstretched corona, yet with narrow size distribution to qualify as building blocks for tunable and reversible micellar photonic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (MPFs) and micellar photonic crystals (MPCs). The BCMs form free-flowing MPFs with an average interparticle distance of 150-300 nm as defined by electrosteric repulsion arising from the highly charged and stretched corona. Under quiescent conditions, millimeter-sized MPCs with classical FCC lattice grow within the photonic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-medium upon refinement of the positional order of the BCMs. We discuss the generic properties of MPCs with special emphasis on surprisingly narrow reflected wavelengths with full width at half-maximum (fwhm) as small as 1 nm. We expect this concept to open a generic and facile way for self-assembled tunable micellar photonic structures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A%26A...611A..65B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A%26A...611A..65B"><span>How <span class="hlt">cores</span> grow by pebble accretion. I. Direct <span class="hlt">core</span> growth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brouwers, M. G.; Vazan, A.; Ormel, C. W.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Context. Planet formation by pebble accretion is an alternative to planetesimal-driven <span class="hlt">core</span> accretion. In this scenario, planets grow by the accretion of cm- to m-sized pebbles instead of km-sized planetesimals. One of the main differences with planetesimal-driven <span class="hlt">core</span> accretion is the increased thermal ablation experienced by pebbles. This can provide early enrichment to the planet's envelope, which influences its subsequent evolution and changes the process of <span class="hlt">core</span> growth. Aims: We aim to predict <span class="hlt">core</span> masses and envelope compositions of planets that form by pebble accretion and compare mass deposition of pebbles to planetesimals. Specifically, we calculate the <span class="hlt">core</span> mass where pebbles completely evaporate and are absorbed before reaching the <span class="hlt">core</span>, which signifies the end of direct <span class="hlt">core</span> growth. Methods: We model the early growth of a protoplanet by calculating the structure of its envelope, taking into account the fate of impacting pebbles or planetesimals. The region where high-Z material can exist in vapor form is determined by the temperature-dependent vapor pressure. We include enrichment effects by locally modifying the mean molecular weight of the envelope. Results: In the pebble case, three phases of <span class="hlt">core</span> growth can be identified. In the first phase (Mcore < 0.23-0.39 M⊕), pebbles impact the <span class="hlt">core</span> without significant ablation. During the second phase (Mcore < 0.5M⊕), ablation becomes increasingly severe. A layer of high-Z vapor starts to form around the <span class="hlt">core</span> that absorbs a small fraction of the ablated mass. The rest of the material either rains out to the <span class="hlt">core</span> or instead mixes outwards, slowing <span class="hlt">core</span> growth. In the third phase (Mcore > 0.5M⊕), the high-Z inner region expands outwards, absorbing an increasing fraction of the ablated material as vapor. Rainout ends before the <span class="hlt">core</span> mass reaches 0.6 M⊕, terminating direct <span class="hlt">core</span> growth. In the case of icy H2O pebbles, this happens before 0.1 M⊕. Conclusions: Our results indicate that pebble accretion can</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJP..132..173T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJP..132..173T"><span>Electro-osmotic flow of couple stress <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a micro-channel propagated by peristalsis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tripathi, Dharmendra; Yadav, Ashu; Anwar Bég, O.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>A mathematical model is developed for electro-osmotic peristaltic pumping of a non-Newtonian liquid in a deformable micro-channel. Stokes' couple stress <span class="hlt">fluid</span> model is employed to represent realistic working liquids. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electric potential distribution is implemented owing to the presence of an electrical double layer (EDL) in the micro-channel. Using long wavelength, lubrication theory and Debye-Huckel approximations, the linearized transformed dimensionless boundary value problem is solved analytically. The influence of electro-osmotic parameter (inversely proportional to Debye length), maximum electro-osmotic velocity (a function of external applied electrical field) and couple stress parameter on axial velocity, volumetric flow rate, pressure gradient, local wall shear stress and stream function distributions is evaluated in detail with the aid of graphs. The Newtonian <span class="hlt">fluid</span> case is retrieved as a special case with vanishing couple stress effects. With increasing the couple stress parameter there is a significant increase in the axial pressure gradient whereas the <span class="hlt">core</span> axial velocity is reduced. An increase in the electro-osmotic parameter both induces flow acceleration in the <span class="hlt">core</span> region (around the channel centreline) and it also enhances the axial pressure gradient substantially. The study is relevant in the simulation of novel smart bio-inspired space pumps, chromatography and medical micro-scale devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........97Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........97Y"><span>Study on Controls of <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> in Nanochannel via Hybrid Surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ye, Ziran</p> <p></p> <p>This thesis contributes to the investigation of controls of nanofluidic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> by utilizing hybrid surface patterns in nanochannel. Nanofluidics is a <span class="hlt">core</span> and interdisciplinary research field which manipulates, controls and analyzes <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in nanoscale and develop potential bio/chemical applications. This thesis studies the surface-induced phenomena in nanofluidics, we use surface decoration on nanochannel walls to investigate the influences on <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motion and further explore the fundamental physical principle of this behavior. To begin with, we designed and fabricated the nanofluidic mixer for the first time, which comprised hybrid surface patterns with different wettabilities on both top and bottom walls of nanochannel. Although microfluidic mixers have been intensively investigated, nanofluidic mixer has never been reported. Without any inside geometric structure of nanochannel, the mixing phenomenon can be achieved by the surface patterns and the mixing length can be significantly shortened comparing with micromixer. We attribute this achievement to the chaotic flows of two <span class="hlt">fluids</span> induced by the patterned surface. The surface-related phenomena may not be so prominent on large scale, however, it is pronounced when the scale shrinks down to nanometer due to the large surface-to-volume ratio in nanochannel. In the second part of this work, based on the technology of nanofabrication and similar principle, we built up another novel method to control the speed of capillary flow in nanochannel in a quantitative manner. Surface patterns were fabricated on the nanochannel walls to slow down the capillary flow. The flow speed can be precisely controlled by modifying hydrophobicity ratio. Under the extreme surface-to-volume ratio in nanochannel, the significant surface effect on the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> effectively reduced the speed of capillary flow without any external energy source and equipment. Such approach may be adopted for a wide variety of nanofluidicsbased biochemical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21033013','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21033013"><span>Neonatal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Murat, Isabelle; Humblot, Alexis; Girault, Laure; Piana, Federica</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>Perioperative <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management in paediatrics has been the subject of many controversies in recent years, but <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management in the neonatal period has not been considered in most reviews and guidelines. The literature regarding neonatal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management mainly appears in the paediatric textbooks and few recent data are available, except for resuscitation and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> loading during shock and major surgery. In the context of anaesthesia, many neonates requiring surgery within the first month of life have organ malformation and/or dysfunction. This article aims at reviewing basic physiological considerations important for neonatal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management and mainly focusses on <span class="hlt">fluid</span> maintenance and replacement during surgery.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780050288&hterms=basic+mechanics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dbasic%2Bmechanics','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780050288&hterms=basic+mechanics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dbasic%2Bmechanics"><span>A split band-Cholesky equation solving strategy for finite element analysis of transient field problems. [in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cooke, C. H.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>The paper describes the split-Cholesky strategy for banded matrices arising from the large systems of equations in certain <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics problems. The basic idea is that for a banded matrix the computation can be carried out in pieces, with only a small portion of the matrix residing in <span class="hlt">core</span>. Mesh considerations are discussed by demonstrating the manner in which the assembly of finite element equations proceeds for linear trial functions on a triangular mesh. The FORTRAN code which implements the out-of-<span class="hlt">core</span> decomposition strategy for banded symmetric positive definite matrices (mass matrices) of a coupled initial value problem is given.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/al1054.photos.046337p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/al1054.photos.046337p/"><span>23. <span class="hlt">CORE</span> WORKER OPERATING A COREBLOWER THAT PNEUMATICALLY FILLED <span class="hlt">CORE</span> ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>23. <span class="hlt">CORE</span> WORKER OPERATING A <span class="hlt">CORE</span>-BLOWER THAT PNEUMATICALLY FILLED <span class="hlt">CORE</span> BOXES WITH RESIGN IMPREGNATED SAND AND CREATED A <span class="hlt">CORE</span> THAT THEN REQUIRED BAKING, CA. 1950. - Stockham Pipe & Fittings Company, 4000 Tenth Avenue North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29884975','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29884975"><span>One-pot synthesis of monodisperse CoFe2O4@Ag <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles and their characterization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hara, Shuta; Aisu, Jumpei; Kato, Masahiro; Aono, Takashige; Sugawa, Kosuke; Takase, Kouichi; Otsuki, Joe; Shimizu, Shigeru; Ikake, Hiroki</p> <p>2018-06-08</p> <p>In recent years, monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles with a <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell structure are expected for their wide applications including magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, recoverable catalysts, and biological analysis. However, their synthesis method needs numerous processes such as solvent substitution, exchange of protective agents, and centrifugation. A simple and rapid method for the synthesis of monodispersed <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles makes it possible to accelerate their further applications. This paper describes a simple and rapid one-pot synthesis of <span class="hlt">core</span> (CoFe 2 O 4 )-shell (Ag) nanoparticles with high monodispersity. The synthesized nanoparticles showed plasmonic light absorption owing to the Ag shell. Moreover, the magnetic property of the nanoparticles had a soft magnetic behavior at room temperature and a hard magnetic behavior at 5 K. In addition, the nanoparticles showed high monodispersity with a low polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.083 in hexane.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NRL....13..176H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NRL....13..176H"><span>One-pot synthesis of monodisperse CoFe2O4@Ag <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles and their characterization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hara, Shuta; Aisu, Jumpei; Kato, Masahiro; Aono, Takashige; Sugawa, Kosuke; Takase, Kouichi; Otsuki, Joe; Shimizu, Shigeru; Ikake, Hiroki</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>In recent years, monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles with a <span class="hlt">core</span>/shell structure are expected for their wide applications including magnetic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, recoverable catalysts, and biological analysis. However, their synthesis method needs numerous processes such as solvent substitution, exchange of protective agents, and centrifugation. A simple and rapid method for the synthesis of monodispersed <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell nanoparticles makes it possible to accelerate their further applications. This paper describes a simple and rapid one-pot synthesis of <span class="hlt">core</span> (CoFe2O4)-shell (Ag) nanoparticles with high monodispersity. The synthesized nanoparticles showed plasmonic light absorption owing to the Ag shell. Moreover, the magnetic property of the nanoparticles had a soft magnetic behavior at room temperature and a hard magnetic behavior at 5 K. In addition, the nanoparticles showed high monodispersity with a low polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.083 in hexane.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFDB27003B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFDB27003B"><span>Stanley Corrsin Award Talk: <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mechanics of Fungi and Slime</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brenner, Michael</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>There are interesting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics problems everywhere, even in the most lowly and hidden corners of forest floors. Here I discuss some questions we have been working on in recent years involving fungi and slime. A critical issue for the ecology of fungi and slime is nutrient availability: nutrient sources are highly heterogeneous, and strategies are necessary to find food when it runs out. In the fungal phylum Ascomycota, spore dispersal is the primary mechanism for finding new food sources. The defining feature of this phylum is the ascus, a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> filled sac from which spores are ejected, through a build up in osmotic pressure. We outline the (largely <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanical) design constraints on this ejection strategy, and demonstrate how it provides strong constraints for the diverse morphologies of spores and asci found in nature. The <span class="hlt">core</span> of the argument revisits a classical problem in elastohydrodynamic lubrication from a different perspective. A completely different strategy for finding new nutrient is found by slime molds and fungi that stretch out - as a single organism- over enormous areas (up to hectares) over forest floors. As a model problem we study the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, which forages with a large network of connected tubes on the forest floors. Localized regions in the network find nutrient sources and then pump the nutrients throughout the entire organism. We discuss <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanical mechanisms for coordinating this transport, which generalize peristalsis to pumping in a heterogeneous network. We give a preliminary discussion to how physarum can detect a nutrient source and pump the nutrient throughout the organism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150021479','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150021479"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Shifts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Stenger, M.; Hargens, A.; Dulchavsky, S.; Ebert, D.; Lee, S.; Lauriie, S.; Garcia, K.; Sargsyan, A.; Martin, D.; Ribeiro, L.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20150021479'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20150021479_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20150021479_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20150021479_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20150021479_hide"></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>NASA is focusing on long-duration missions on the International Space Station (ISS) and future exploration-class missions beyond low-Earth orbit. Visual acuity changes observed after short-duration missions were largely transient, but more than 50% of ISS astronauts experienced more profound, chronic changes with objective structural and functional findings such as papilledema and choroidal folds. Globe flattening, optic nerve sheath dilation, and optic nerve tortuosity also are apparent. This pattern is referred to as the visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome. VIIP signs and symptoms, as well as postflight lumbar puncture data, suggest that elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) may be associated with the spaceflight-induced cephalad <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts, but this hypothesis has not been tested. The purpose of this study is to characterize <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution and compartmentalization associated with long-duration spaceflight, and to correlate these findings with vision changes and other elements of the VIIP syndrome. We also seek to determine whether the magnitude of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts during spaceflight, as well as the VIIP-related effects of those shifts, is predicted by the crewmember's preflight conditions and responses to acute hemodynamic manipulations (such as head-down tilt). Lastly, we will evaluate the patterns of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution in ISS astronauts during acute reversal of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts through application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) interventions to characterize and explain general and individual responses. METHODS: We will examine a variety of physiologic variables in 10 long-duration ISS crewmembers using the test conditions and timeline presented in the Figure below. Measures include: (1) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compartmentalization (total body water by D2O, extracellular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by NaBr, intracellular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by calculation, plasma volume by CO rebreathe, interstitial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by calculation); (2) forehead/eyelids, tibia, calcaneus tissue thickness (by</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SMaS...26e4007C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SMaS...26e4007C"><span>Ultraviolet light-responsive photorheological <span class="hlt">fluids</span>: as a new class of smart <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cho, Min-Young; Kim, Ji-Sik; Choi, Hyoung Jin; Choi, Seung-Bok; Kim, Gi-Woo</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>We present a comprehensive introduction to the photorheological (PR) <span class="hlt">fluids</span> whose rheological behavior can be changed by ultraviolet (UV) light with a wavelength of 365 nm. When the PR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was exposed to UV light, the viscosity of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> decreased, while the viscosity recovered to its initial value when UV light was turned off, indicating that the viscosity of these types of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> can be reversible and tunable by UV light. Contrary to conventional smart <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, such as electrorheological and magnetorheological <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, PR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> does not suffer from a phase splitting problem because it exists in a single-phase solution. Additionally, the PR <span class="hlt">fluid</span> does not require any contact component, such as electrodes, and electric wires that are essential components for conventional smart <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. In this work, the PR <span class="hlt">fluids</span> were synthesized by doping lecithin/sodium deoxycholate reverse micelles with a photo-chromic spiropyran compound. It is demonstrated that the viscosity changes of PR <span class="hlt">fluids</span> can be induced by UV light, and their rheological properties are examined in detail. In addition, an example of tailoring rheological properties using photoluminescence was introduced for improved response time. One of the potential applications, such as microfluidic flow control using the PR <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, is also briefly presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870151','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870151"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> transport container</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>DeRoos, Bradley G.; Downing, Jr., John P.; Neal, Michael P.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>An improved <span class="hlt">fluid</span> container for the transport, collection, and dispensing of a sample <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that maintains the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> integrity relative to the conditions of the location at which it is taken. More specifically, the invention is a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sample transport container that utilizes a fitment for both penetrating and sealing a storage container under controlled conditions. Additionally, the invention allows for the periodic withdrawal of portions of the sample <span class="hlt">fluid</span> without contamination or intermixing from the environment surrounding the sample container.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29589054','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29589054"><span>Maintenance <span class="hlt">fluid</span> therapy and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> creep impose more significant <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, sodium, and chloride burdens than resuscitation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in critically ill patients: a retrospective study in a tertiary mixed ICU population.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Van Regenmortel, Niels; Verbrugghe, Walter; Roelant, Ella; Van den Wyngaert, Tim; Jorens, Philippe G</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Research on intravenous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> therapy and its side effects, volume, sodium, and chloride overload, has focused almost exclusively on the resuscitation setting. We aimed to quantify all <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sources in the ICU and assess <span class="hlt">fluid</span> creep, the hidden and unintentional volume administered as a vehicle for medication or electrolytes. We precisely recorded the volume, sodium, and chloride burdens imposed by every <span class="hlt">fluid</span> source administered to 14,654 patients during the cumulative 103,098 days they resided in our 45-bed tertiary ICU and simulated the impact of important strategic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> choices on patients' chloride burdens. In septic patients, we assessed the impact of the different <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sources on cumulative <span class="hlt">fluid</span> balance, an established marker of morbidity. Maintenance and replacement <span class="hlt">fluids</span> accounted for 24.7% of the mean daily total <span class="hlt">fluid</span> volume, thereby far exceeding resuscitation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (6.5%) and were the most important sources of sodium and chloride. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> creep represented a striking 32.6% of the mean daily total <span class="hlt">fluid</span> volume [median 645 mL (IQR 308-1039 mL)]. Chloride levels can be more effectively reduced by adopting a hypotonic maintenance strategy [a daily difference in chloride burden of 30.8 mmol (95% CI 30.5-31.1)] than a balanced resuscitation strategy [daily difference 3.0 mmol (95% CI 2.9-3.1)]. In septic patients, non-resuscitation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> had a larger absolute impact on cumulative <span class="hlt">fluid</span> balance than did resuscitation <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Inadvertent daily volume, sodium, and chloride loading should be avoided when prescribing maintenance <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in view of the vast amounts of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> creep. This is especially important when adopting an isotonic maintenance strategy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...95c2028E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...95c2028E"><span>Impact of Reservoir <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Saturation on Seismic Parameters: Endrod Gas Field, Hungary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>El Sayed, Abdel Moktader A.; El Sayed, Nahla A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Outlining the reservoir <span class="hlt">fluid</span> types and saturation is the main object of the present research work. 37 <span class="hlt">core</span> samples were collected from three different gas bearing zones in the Endrod gas field in Hungary. These samples are belonging to the Miocene and the Upper - Lower Pliocene. These samples were prepared and laboratory measurements were conducted. Compression and shear wave velocity were measured using the Sonic Viewer-170-OYO. The sonic velocities were measured at the frequencies of 63 and 33 kHz for compressional and shear wave respectively. All samples were subjected to complete petrophysical investigations. Sonic velocities and mechanical parameters such as young’s modulus, rigidity, and bulk modulus were measured when samples were saturated by 100%-75%-0% brine water. Several plots have been performed to show the relationship between seismic parameters and saturation percentages. Robust relationships were obtained, showing the impact of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturation on seismic parameters. Seismic velocity, Poisson’s ratio, bulk modulus and rigidity prove to be applicable during hydrocarbon exploration or production stages. Relationships among the measured seismic parameters in gas/water fully and partially saturated samples are useful to outline the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> type and saturation percentage especially in gas/water transitional zones.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.3893L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.3893L"><span>Direct laboratory observation of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution and its influence on acoustic properties of patchy saturated rocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lebedev, M.; Clennell, B.; Pervukhina, M.; Shulakova, V.; Mueller, T.; Gurevich, B.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Porous rocks in hydrocarbon reservoirs are often saturated with a mixture of two or more <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Interpretation of exploration seismograms requires understanding of the relationship between distribution of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> patches and acoustic properties of rocks. The sizes of patches as well as their distribution affect significantly the seismic response. If the size of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> patch is smaller than the diffusion wavelength then pressure equilibration is achieved and the bulk modulus of the rock saturated with a mixture is defined by the Gassmann equations (Gassmann, 1951) with the saturation-weighted average of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> bulk modulus given by Wood's law (Wood, 1955, Mavko et al., 1998). If the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> patch size is much larger than the diffusion wavelength then there is no pressure communication between different patches. In this case, <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-flow effects can be neglected and the overall rock may be considered equivalent to an elastic composite material consisting of homogeneous parts whose properties are given by Gassmann theory with Hill's equation for the bulk modulus (Hill, 1963, Mavko et al., 1998). At intermediate values of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> saturation the velocity-saturation relationship is significantly affected by the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> patch distribution. In order to get an improved understanding of factors influencing the patch distribution and the resulting seismic wave response we performed simultaneous measurements of P-wave velocities and rock sample CT imaging. The CT imaging allows us to map the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution inside rock sample during saturation (water imbibition). We compare the experimental results with theoretical predictions. In this paper we will present results of simultaneous measurements of longitudinal wave velocities and imaging mapping of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution inside rock sample during sample saturation. We will report results of two kinds of experiments: "dynamic" and "quasi static" saturation. In both experiments Casino <span class="hlt">Cores</span> Otway Basin sandstone, Australia <span class="hlt">core</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017WRR....53.1908L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017WRR....53.1908L"><span>Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt <span class="hlt">cores</span> induced by reactive transport of CO2-rich brine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Luhmann, Andrew J.; Tutolo, Benjamin M.; Bagley, Brian C.; Mildner, David F. R.; Seyfried, William E.; Saar, Martin O.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Four reactive flow-through laboratory experiments (two each at 0.1 mL/min and 0.01 mL/min flow rates) at 150°C and 150 bar (15 MPa) are conducted on intact basalt <span class="hlt">cores</span> to assess changes in porosity, permeability, and surface area caused by CO2-rich <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interaction. Permeability decreases slightly during the lower flow rate experiments and increases during the higher flow rate experiments. At the higher flow rate, <span class="hlt">core</span> permeability increases by more than one order of magnitude in one experiment and less than a factor of two in the other due to differences in preexisting flow path structure. X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) scans of pre- and post-experiment <span class="hlt">cores</span> identify both mineral dissolution and secondary mineralization, with a net decrease in XRCT porosity of ˜0.7%-0.8% for the larger pores in all four <span class="hlt">cores</span>. (Ultra) small-angle neutron scattering ((U)SANS) data sets indicate an increase in both (U)SANS porosity and specific surface area (SSA) over the ˜1 nm to 10 µm scale range in post-experiment basalt samples, with differences due to flow rate and reaction time. Net porosity increases from summing porosity changes from XRCT and (U)SANS analyses are consistent with <span class="hlt">core</span> mass decreases. (U)SANS data suggest an overall preservation of the pore structure with no change in mineral surface roughness from reaction, and the pore structure is unique in comparison to previously published basalt analyses. Together, these data sets illustrate changes in physical parameters that arise due to <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-basalt interaction in relatively low pH environments with elevated CO2 concentration, with significant implications for flow, transport, and reaction through geologic formations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V31B4738I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V31B4738I"><span>Refining the Subseafloor Circulation Model of the Middle Valley Hydrothermal System Using <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Geochemistry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Inderbitzen, K. E.; Wheat, C. G.; Baker, P. A.; Fisher, A. T.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Currently, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulation patterns and the evolution of rock/<span class="hlt">fluid</span> compositions as circulation occurs in subseafloor hydrothermal systems are poorly constrained. Sedimented spreading centers provide a unique opportunity to study subsurface flow because sediment acts as an insulating blanket that traps heat from the cooling magma body and limits: (a) potential flow paths for seawater to recharge the aquifer in permeable upper basaltic basement and (b) points of altered <span class="hlt">fluid</span> egress. This also allows for a range of thermal and geochemical gradients to exist near the sediment-water interface. Models of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulation patterns in this type of hydrologic setting have been generated (eg. Stein and Fisher, 2001); however <span class="hlt">fluid</span> chemistry datasets have not previously been used to test the model's viability. We address this issue by integrating the existing circulation model with <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compositional data collected from sediment pore waters and high temperature hydrothermal vents located in Middle Valley on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Middle Valley hosts a variety of hydrologic regimes: including areas of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> recharge (Site 855), active venting (Site 858/1036; Dead Dog vent field), recent venting (Site 856/1035; Bent Hill Massive Sulfide deposit) and a section of heavily sedimented basement located between recharge and discharge sites (Site 857). We will present new results based on thermal and geochemical data from the area of active venting (Sites 858 and 1036), that was collected during Ocean Drilling Program Legs 139 and 169 and a subsequent heat flow/gravity <span class="hlt">coring</span> effort. These results illuminate fine scale controls on secondary recharge and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow within the sediment section at Site 858/1036. The current status of high temperature vents in this area (based on observations made in July, 2014) will also be outlined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090041685','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090041685"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span>-Cutoff Tool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gheen, Darrell</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>A tool makes a cut perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of a <span class="hlt">core</span> hole at a predetermined depth to free the <span class="hlt">core</span> at that depth. The tool does not damage the surrounding material from which the <span class="hlt">core</span> was cut, and it operates within the <span class="hlt">core</span>-hole kerf. <span class="hlt">Coring</span> usually begins with use of a hole saw or a hollow cylindrical abrasive cutting tool to make an annular hole that leaves the <span class="hlt">core</span> (sometimes called the plug ) in place. In this approach to <span class="hlt">coring</span> as practiced heretofore, the <span class="hlt">core</span> is removed forcibly in a manner chosen to shear the <span class="hlt">core</span>, preferably at or near the greatest depth of the <span class="hlt">core</span> hole. Unfortunately, such forcible removal often damages both the <span class="hlt">core</span> and the surrounding material (see Figure 1). In an alternative prior approach, especially applicable to toxic or fragile material, a <span class="hlt">core</span> is formed and freed by means of milling operations that generate much material waste. In contrast, the present tool eliminates the damage associated with the hole-saw approach and reduces the extent of milling operations (and, hence, reduces the waste) associated with the milling approach. The present tool (see Figure 2) includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve and resembles the hollow cylindrical tool used to cut the <span class="hlt">core</span> hole. The sleeves are thin enough that this tool fits within the kerf of the <span class="hlt">core</span> hole. The inner sleeve is attached to a shaft that, in turn, can be attached to a drill motor or handle for turning the tool. This tool also includes a cutting wire attached to the distal ends of both sleeves. The cutting wire is long enough that with sufficient relative rotation of the inner and outer sleeves, the wire can cut all the way to the center of the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The tool is inserted in the kerf until its distal end is seated at the full depth. The inner sleeve is then turned. During turning, frictional drag on the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> pulls the cutting wire into contact with the <span class="hlt">core</span>. The cutting force of the wire against the <span class="hlt">core</span> increases with the tension in the wire and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JPhCS.547a2030C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JPhCS.547a2030C"><span>Numerical evaluation of gas <span class="hlt">core</span> length in free surface vortices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cristofano, L.; Nobili, M.; Caruso, G.</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>The formation and evolution of free surface vortices represent an important topic in many hydraulic intakes, since strong whirlpools introduce swirl flow at the intake, and could cause entrainment of floating matters and gas. In particular, gas entrainment phenomena are an important safety issue for Sodium cooled Fast Reactors, because the introduction of gas bubbles within the <span class="hlt">core</span> causes dangerous reactivity fluctuation. In this paper, a numerical evaluation of the gas <span class="hlt">core</span> length in free surface vortices is presented, according to two different approaches. In the first one, a prediction method, developed by the Japanese researcher Sakai and his team, has been applied. This method is based on the Burgers vortex model, and it is able to estimate the gas <span class="hlt">core</span> length of a free surface vortex starting from two parameters calculated with single-phase CFD simulations. The two parameters are the circulation and the downward velocity gradient. The other approach consists in performing a two-phase CFD simulation of a free surface vortex, in order to numerically reproduce the gas- liquid interface deformation. Mapped convergent mesh is used to reduce numerical error and a VOF (Volume Of <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>) method was selected to track the gas-liquid interface. Two different turbulence models have been tested and analyzed. Experimental measurements of free surface vortices gas <span class="hlt">core</span> length have been executed, using optical methods, and numerical results have been compared with experimental measurements. The computational domain and the boundary conditions of the CFD simulations were set consistently with the experimental test conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JPCM...21P0301L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JPCM...21P0301L"><span>PREFACE: Ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> Ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Levin, Yan; Kornyshev, Alexei; Barbosa, Marcia C.</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>In spite of its apparent simplicity Coulomb law, when applied to many body systems, leads to an amazingly rich mathematical structure. The simple idea that two similarly charged objects always repel, is not necessarily true in a colloidal suspension or a dusty plasma. Neither can one simply predict the direction of the electrophoretic motion of a polyion from only knowing its chemical charge. Strong Coulomb correlations in ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> result in instabilities very similar to the gas--liquid phase separation observed in atomic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. It is fair to say that bulk behavior of simple aqueous monovalent electrolytes is now very well understood. Unfortunately this is not the case for multivalent electrolytes or molten salts. In these systems cation-anion association leads to strong non-linear effects which manifest themselves in formations of tightly bound ionic clusters. In spite of the tremendous effort invested over the years, our understanding of these systems remains qualitative. In this special issue we have collected articles from some of the biggest experts working on ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. The papers are both experimental and theoretical. They range from simple electrolytes in the bulk and near interfaces, to polyelectrolytes, colloids, and molten salts. The special issue, covers a wide spectrum of the ongoing research on ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. All readers should find something of interest here.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712627D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1712627D"><span>Experimental investigations and geochemical modelling of site-specific <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions in underground storage of CO2/H2/CH4 mixtures: the H2STORE project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>De Lucia, Marco; Pilz, Peter</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p> work packages hosted at the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) focus on the <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-rock interactions triggered by CO2, H2 and their mixtures. Laboratory experiments expose <span class="hlt">core</span> samples to hydrogen and CO2/hydrogen mixtures under site-specific conditions (temperatures up to 200 °C and pressure up to 300 bar). The resulting qualitative and, whereas possible, quantitative data are expected to ameliorate the precision of predictive geochemical and reactive transport modelling, which is also performed within the project. The combination of experiments, chemical and mineralogical analyses and models is needed to improve the knowledge about: (1) solubility model and mixing rule for multicomponent gas mixtures in high saline formation <span class="hlt">fluids</span>: no data are namely available in literature for H2-charged gas mixtures in the conditions expected in the potential sites; (2) chemical reactivity of different mineral assemblages and formation <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in a broad spectrum of P-T conditions and composition of the stored gas mixtures; (3) thermodynamics and kinetics of relevant reactions involving mineral dissolution or precipitation. The resulting amelioration of site characterization and the overall enhancement in understanding the potential processes will benefit the operational reliability, the ecological tolerance, and the economic efficiency of future energy storing plants, crucial aspects for public acceptance and for industrial investors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.3818W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.3818W"><span>Down- and up-conversion luminescent carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span>: inkjet printing and gel glass fabrication</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Fu; Xie, Zheng; Zhang, Bing; Liu, Yun; Yang, Wendong; Liu, Chun-Yan</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Room temperature liquid-like nanoparticles have emerged as an exciting new research and development area, because their properties could be tailored over a broad range by manipulating geometric and chemical characteristics of the inorganic <span class="hlt">core</span> and organic canopy. However, related applications are rarely reported due to the multi-step synthesis process and potential toxicity of cadmium based nanomaterials. In this study, we prepared inexpensive and eco-friendly carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by the direct thermal decomposition method. The carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> can be excited from UV to near infrared light, and can be prepared as highly concentrated luminescent ink or incorporated into sol-gel derived organically modified silicate glass, suggesting that it has great application potential in the field of printable electronics, solid state lighting and so on.Room temperature liquid-like nanoparticles have emerged as an exciting new research and development area, because their properties could be tailored over a broad range by manipulating geometric and chemical characteristics of the inorganic <span class="hlt">core</span> and organic canopy. However, related applications are rarely reported due to the multi-step synthesis process and potential toxicity of cadmium based nanomaterials. In this study, we prepared inexpensive and eco-friendly carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by the direct thermal decomposition method. The carbon dot <span class="hlt">fluid</span> can be excited from UV to near infrared light, and can be prepared as highly concentrated luminescent ink or incorporated into sol-gel derived organically modified silicate glass, suggesting that it has great application potential in the field of printable electronics, solid state lighting and so on. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Details of FTIR, XRD and DLS of CDF, optical properties of CDF, TEM images of other obtained products, luminescent spectra of CDF at different temperatures, and the optical photographs of CDF inks and silica glasses with different concentrations</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1080313','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1080313"><span>Spinning <span class="hlt">fluids</span> reactor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Miller, Jan D; Hupka, Jan; Aranowski, Robert</p> <p>2012-11-20</p> <p>A spinning <span class="hlt">fluids</span> reactor, includes a reactor body (24) having a circular cross-section and a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contactor screen (26) within the reactor body (24). The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contactor screen (26) having a plurality of apertures and a circular cross-section concentric with the reactor body (24) for a length thus forming an inner volume (28) bound by the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contactor screen (26) and an outer volume (30) bound by the reactor body (24) and the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> contactor screen (26). A primary inlet (20) can be operatively connected to the reactor body (24) and can be configured to produce flow-through first spinning flow of a first <span class="hlt">fluid</span> within the inner volume (28). A secondary inlet (22) can similarly be operatively connected to the reactor body (24) and can be configured to produce a second flow of a second <span class="hlt">fluid</span> within the outer volume (30) which is optionally spinning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI33B0405Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI33B0405Y"><span>Temporal Change of Seismic Earth's Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span> Phases: Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span> Differential Rotation Or Temporal Change of Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span> Surface?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yao, J.; Tian, D.; Sun, L.; Wen, L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Since Song and Richards [1996] first reported seismic evidence for temporal change of PKIKP wave (a compressional wave refracted in the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>) and proposed inner <span class="hlt">core</span> differential rotation as its explanation, it has generated enormous interests in the scientific community and the public, and has motivated many studies on the implications of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> differential rotation. However, since Wen [2006] reported seismic evidence for temporal change of PKiKP wave (a compressional wave reflected from the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> boundary) that requires temporal change of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> surface, both interpretations for the temporal change of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> phases have existed, i.e., inner <span class="hlt">core</span> rotation and temporal change of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> surface. In this study, we discuss the issue of the interpretation of the observed temporal changes of those inner <span class="hlt">core</span> phases and conclude that inner <span class="hlt">core</span> differential rotation is not only not required but also in contradiction with three lines of seismic evidence from global repeating earthquakes. Firstly, inner <span class="hlt">core</span> differential rotation provides an implausible explanation for a disappearing inner <span class="hlt">core</span> scatterer between a doublet in South Sandwich Islands (SSI), which is located to be beneath northern Brazil based on PKIKP and PKiKP coda waves of the earlier event of the doublet. Secondly, temporal change of PKIKP and its coda waves among a cluster in SSI is inconsistent with the interpretation of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> differential rotation, with one set of the data requiring inner <span class="hlt">core</span> rotation and the other requiring non-rotation. Thirdly, it's not reasonable to invoke inner <span class="hlt">core</span> differential rotation to explain travel time change of PKiKP waves in a very small time scale (several months), which is observed for repeating earthquakes in Middle America subduction zone. On the other hand, temporal change of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> surface could provide a consistent explanation for all the observed temporal changes of PKIKP and PKiKP and their coda waves. We conclude that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035383','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035383"><span>Postimpact heat conduction and compaction-driven <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure based on downhole vitrinite reflectance data, ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep <span class="hlt">core</span> holes and Cape Charles test holes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Malinconico, M.L.; Sanford, W.E.; Wright, Horton W.J.J.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Vitrinite reflectance data from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville deep <span class="hlt">cores</span> in the centralcrater moat of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure and the Cape Charles test holes on the central uplift show patterns of postimpact maximum-temperature distribution that result from a combination of conductive and advective heat flow. Within the crater-fill sediment-clast breccia sequence at Eyreville, an isoreflectance (-0.44% Ro) section (525-1096 m depth) is higher than modeled background coastal-plain maturity and shows a pattern typical of advective <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. Below an intervening granite slab, a short interval of sediment-clast breccia (1371-1397 m) shows a sharp increase in reflectance (0.47%-0.91% Ro) caused by conductive heat from the underlying suevite (1397-1474 m). Refl ectance data in the uppermost suevite range from 1.2% to 2.1% Ro. However, heat conduction alone is not sufficient to affect the temperature of sediments more than 100 m above the suevite. Thermal modeling of the Eyreville suevite as a 390 ??C cooling sill-like hot rock layer supplemented by compaction- driven vertical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow (0.046 m/a) of cooling suevitic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and deeper basement brines (120 ??C) upward through the sediment breccias closely reproduces the measured reflectance data. This scenario would also replace any marine water trapped in the crater fill with more saline brine, similar to that currently in the crater, and it would produce temperatures sufficient to kill microbes in sediment breccias within 450 m above the synimsuevite. A similar downhole maturity pattern is present in the sediment-clast breccia over the central uplift. High-reflectance (5%-9%) black shale and siltstone clasts in the suevite and sediment-clast breccia record a pre-impact (Paleozoic?) metamorphic event. Previously published maturity data in the annular trough indicate no thermal effect there from impact-related processes. ?? 2009 The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ITNS...64..844A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ITNS...64..844A"><span>Measurement and Analysis of Structural Integrity of Reactor <span class="hlt">Core</span> Support Structure in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Plant</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ansari, Saleem A.; Haroon, Muhammad; Rashid, Atif; Kazmi, Zafar</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Extensive calculation and measurements of flow-induced vibrations (FIV) of reactor internals were made in a PWR plant to assess the structural integrity of reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> support structure against coolant flow. The work was done to meet the requirements of the Fukushima Response Action Plan (FRAP) for enhancement of reactor safety, and the regulatory guide RG-1.20. For the <span class="hlt">core</span> surveillance measurements the Reactor Internals Vibration Monitoring System (IVMS) has been developed based on detailed neutron noise analysis of the flux signals from the four ex-<span class="hlt">core</span> neutron detectors. The natural frequencies, displacement and mode shapes of the reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel (CB) motion were determined with the help of IVMS. The random pressure fluctuations in reactor coolant flow due to turbulence force have been identified as the predominant cause of beam-mode deflection of CB. The dynamic FIV calculations were also made to supplement the <span class="hlt">core</span> surveillance measurements. The calculational package employed the computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics, mode shape analysis, calculation of power spectral densities of flow & pressure fields and the structural response to random flow excitation forces. The dynamic loads and stiffness of the Hold-Down Spring that keeps the <span class="hlt">core</span> structure in position against upward coolant thrust were also determined by noise measurements. Also, the boron concentration in primary coolant at any time of the <span class="hlt">core</span> cycle has been determined with the IVMS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3426814','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3426814"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Blennow, Kaj; Zetterberg, Henrik; Fagan, Anne M.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Research progress has provided detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). This knowledge has been translated into new drug candidates with putative disease-modifying effects, which are now being tested in clinical trials. The promise of effective therapy has created a great need for biomarkers able to detect AD in the predementia phase, because drugs will probably be effective only if neurodegeneration is not too advanced. In this chapter, cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (CSF) and plasma biomarkers are reviewed. The <span class="hlt">core</span> CSF biomarkers total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and the 42 amino acid form of β-amyloid (Aβ42) reflect AD pathology, and have high diagnostic accuracy to diagnose AD with dementia and prodromal AD in mild cognitive impairment cases. The rationale for the use of CSF biomarkers to identify and monitor the mechanism of action of new drug candidates is also outlined in this chapter. PMID:22951438</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943655','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943655"><span>The role of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> temperature and form on endurance performance in the heat.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tan, P M S; Lee, J K W</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>Exercising in the heat often results in an excessive increase in body <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature, which can be detrimental to health and endurance performance. Research in recent years has shifted toward the optimum temperature at which drinks should be ingested. The ingestion of cold drinks can reduce body <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature before exercise but less so during exercise. Temperature of drinks does not seem to have an effect on the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption. Manipulating the specific heat capacity of a solution can further induce a greater heat sink. Ingestion of ice slurry exploits the additional energy required to convert the solution from ice to water (enthalpy of fusion). Body <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature is occasionally observed to be higher at the point of exhaustion with the ingestion of ice slurry. There is growing evidence to suggest that ingesting ice slurry is an effective and practical strategy to prevent excessive rise of body <span class="hlt">core</span> temperature and improve endurance performance. This information is especially important when only a fixed amount of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is allowed to be carried, often seen in some ultra-endurance events and military operations. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of ice slurry in various exercise and environmental conditions. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910016066','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910016066"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-loop reaction system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lurie, Boris J. (Inventor); Schier, J. Alan (Inventor); Iskenderian, Theodore C. (Inventor)</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>An improved <span class="hlt">fluid</span> actuating system for imparting motion to a body such as a spacecraft is disclosed. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> actuating system consists of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mass that may be controllably accelerated through at least one <span class="hlt">fluid</span> path whereby an opposite acceleration is experienced by the spacecraft. For full control of the spacecraft's orientation, the system would include a plurality of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> paths. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> paths may be circular or irregular, and the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> paths may be located on the interior or exterior of the spacecraft.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P43D2912W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P43D2912W"><span>Detection of Organic Matter in Greenland Ice <span class="hlt">Cores</span> by Deep-UV Fluorescence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Willis, M.; Malaska, M.; Wanger, G.; Bhartia, R.; Eshelman, E.; Abbey, W.; Priscu, J. C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Greenland Ice Sheet is an Earthly analog for icy ocean worlds in the outer Solar System. Future missions to such worlds including Europa, Enceladus, and Titan may potentially include spectroscopic instrumentation to examine the surface/subsurface. The primary goal of our research is to test deep UV/Raman systems for in the situ detection and localization of organics in ice. As part of this effort we used a deep-UV fluorescence instrument able to detect naturally fluorescent biological materials such as aromatic molecules found in proteins and whole cells. We correlated these data with more traditional downstream analyses of organic material in natural ices. Supraglacial ice <span class="hlt">cores</span> (2-4 m) were collected from several sites on the southwest outlet of the Greenland Ice Sheet using a 14-cm <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-free mechanical <span class="hlt">coring</span> system. Repeat spectral mapping data were initially collected longitudinally on uncut <span class="hlt">core</span> sections. <span class="hlt">Cores</span> were then cut into 2 cm thick sections along the longitudinal axis, slowly melted and analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and bacterial density. These data reveal a spatial correlation between organic matter concentration, cell density, and the deep UV fluorescence maps. Our results provide a profile of the organics embedded within the ice from the top surface into the glacial subsurface, and the TOC:TDN data from the clean interior of the <span class="hlt">cores</span> are indicative of a biological origin. This work provides a background dataset for future work to characterize organic carbon in the Greenland Ice Sheet and validation of novel instrumentation for in situ data collection on icy bodies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140003756','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140003756"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Shifts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Stenger, Michael; Hargens, A.; Dulchavsky, S.; Ebert, D.; Lee, S.; Sargsyan, A.; Martin, D.; Lui, J.; Macias, B.; Arbeille, P.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20140003756'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140003756_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140003756_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140003756_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140003756_hide"></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>NASA is focusing on long-duration missions on the International Space Station (ISS) and future exploration-class missions beyond low Earth orbit. Visual acuity changes observed after short-duration missions were largely transient, but more than 30% of ISS astronauts experience more profound, chronic changes with objective structural and functional findings such as papilledema and choroidal folds. Globe flattening, optic nerve sheath dilation, and optic nerve tortuosity also are apparent. This pattern is referred to as the visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome. VIIP signs and symptoms, as well as postflight lumbar puncture data, suggest that elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) may be associated with the space flight-induced cephalad <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts, but this hypothesis has not been tested. The purpose of this study is to characterize <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution and compartmentalization associated with long-duration space flight, and to correlate these findings with vision changes and other elements of the VIIP syndrome. We also seek to determine whether the magnitude of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts during space flight, as well as the VIIP-related effects of those shifts, is predicted by the crewmember's pre-flight condition and responses to acute hemodynamic manipulations (such as head-down tilt). Lastly, we will evaluate the patterns of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution in ISS astronauts during acute reversal of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts through application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) interventions to characterize and explain general and individual responses. We will examine a variety of physiologic variables in 10 long-duration ISS crewmembers using the test conditions and timeline presented in the Figure below. Measures include: (1) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compartmentalization (total body water by D2O, extracellular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by NaBr, intracellular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by calculation, plasma volume by CO rebreathe, interstitial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by calculation); (2) forehead/eyelids, tibia, calcaneus tissue thickness (by ultrasound</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........57C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........57C"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Enhanced Deformation and Metamorphism in Exhumed Lower Crust from the Northern Madison Range, Southwestern Montana, USA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Condit, Cailey Brown</p> <p></p> <p>Deep crustal processes during collisional orogenesis exert first-order controls on the development, scale and behavior of an orogenic belt. The presence or absence of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> play important roles in these processes by enhancing deformation, catalyzing chemical reactions, and facilitating wholesale alteration of lithologic properties. However, the scales over which these <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-related interactions occur and the specific feedbacks among them remain poorly constrained. The late Paleoproterozoic Big Sky orogen, expressed as high-grade deep crust exposed in the Laramide basement-<span class="hlt">cored</span> uplifts of SW Montana, USA, offers an exceptional natural laboratory to address some of these questions. New data are presented from field and structural analysis, petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology in the Northern Madison Range, a key locality for constraining the hinterland-foreland transition of the orogen. Combined with other regional data, the age of high-grade metamorphism youngs by 80-40 Myr across an 100 km transect suggesting propagation of the orogenic <span class="hlt">core</span> towards its foreland over time. In the southeastern part of the Northern Madison Range, two domains separated by a km-scale ductile shear zone, were transformed by hydrous <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at significantly different spatial scales. The Gallatin Peak terrane was widely metamorphosed, metasomatized, and penetratively deformed in the presence of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at upper amphibolite facies during the Big Sky orogeny. Together, these data suggest that this area was pervasively hydrated and deformed over scales of several kilometers during thermotectonism at 30-25 km paleodepths. In the Moon Lake block, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow at similar crustal depths and temperatures played a more localized but equally important role. Discrete flow along brittle fractures in metagabbronorite dikes led to nucleation of cm-scale ductile shear zones and metasomatic alteration. A model for shear zone evolution is presented that requires feedbacks between mechanical and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17174069','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17174069"><span>CT findings of a unicameral calcaneal bone cyst containing a <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> level.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gallagher, Thomas A; Lim-Dunham, Jennifer E; Vade, Aruna</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>Calcaneal unicameral bone cysts often contain <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, but rarely contain <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> levels. We present a case focusing on the CT findings of a large calcaneal bone cyst with a <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> level and a review of the literature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988PhRvB..37.5677H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988PhRvB..37.5677H"><span>Transport coefficients of Lennard-Jones <span class="hlt">fluids</span>: A molecular-dynamics and effective-hard-sphere treatment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Heyes, David M.</p> <p>1988-04-01</p> <p>This study evaluates the shear viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, and thermal conductivity of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> over essentially the entire <span class="hlt">fluid</span> range by molecular-dynamics (MD) computer simulation. The Green-Kubo (GK) method is mainly used. In addition, for shear viscosity, homogeneous shear nonequilibrium MD (NEMD) is also employed and compared with experimental data on argon along isotherms. Reasonable agreement between GK, NEMD, and experiment is found. Hard-sphere MD modified Chapman-Enskog expressions for these transport coefficients are tested with use of a temperature-dependent effective hard-sphere diameter. Excellent agreement is found for shear viscosity. The thermal conductivity and, more so, self-diffusion coefficient is less successful in this respect. This behavior is attributed to the attractive part to the LJ potential and its soft repulsive <span class="hlt">core</span>. Expressions for the constant-volume and -pressure activation energies for these transport coefficients are derived solely in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the LJ <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. Also similar expressions for the activation volumes are given, which should have a wider range of applications than just for the LJ system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SMaS...26h5014B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SMaS...26h5014B"><span>Design and dynamic modeling of electrorheological <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-based variable-stiffness fin for robotic fish</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bazaz Behbahani, Sanaz; Tan, Xiaobo</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Fish actively control their stiffness in different swimming conditions. Inspired by such an adaptive behavior, in this paper we study the design, prototyping, and dynamic modeling of compact, tunable-stiffness fins for robotic fish, where electrorheological (ER) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> serves as the enabling element. A multi-layer composite fin with an ER <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">core</span> is prototyped and utilized to investigate the influence of electrical field on its performance. Hamilton's principle is used to derive the dynamic equations of motion of the flexible fin, and Lighthill's large-amplitude elongated-body theory is adopted to estimate the hydrodynamic force when the fin undergoes base-actuated rotation. The dynamic equations are then discretized using the finite element method, to obtain an approximate numerical solution. Experiments are conducted on the prototyped flexible ER <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-filled beam for parameter identification and validation of the proposed model, and for examining the effectiveness of electrically controlled stiffness tuning. In particular, it is found that the natural frequency is increased by almost 40% when the applied electric field changes from 0 to 1.5× {10}6 {{V}} {{{m}}}-1.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSV...394..575K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSV...394..575K"><span>Damping of a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-conveying pipe surrounded by a viscous annulus <span class="hlt">fluid</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kjolsing, Eric J.; Todd, Michael D.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>To further the development of a downhole vibration based energy harvester, this study explores how <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity affects damping in a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-conveying pipe stemming from a viscous annulus <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. A linearized equation of motion is formed which employs a hydrodynamic forcing function to model the annulus <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The system is solved in the frequency domain through the use of the spectral element method. The three independent variables investigated are the conveyed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity, the rotational stiffness of the boundary (using elastic springs), and the annulus <span class="hlt">fluid</span> viscosity. It was found that, due to the hydrodynamic functions frequency-dependence, increasing the conveyed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity increases the systems damping ratio. It was also noted that stiffer systems saw the damping ratio increase at a slower rate when compared to flexible systems as the conveyed <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity was increased. The results indicate that overestimating the stiffness of a system can lead to underestimated damping ratios and that this error is made worse if the produced <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity or annulus <span class="hlt">fluid</span> viscosity is underestimated. A numeric example was provided to graphically illustrate these errors. Approved for publication, LA-UR-15-28006.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDD14001H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDD14001H"><span>Atomistic Modeling of the <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Solid Interface in Simple <span class="hlt">Fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hadjiconstantinou, Nicolas; Wang, Gerald</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluids</span> can exhibit pronounced structuring effects near a solid boundary, typically manifested in a layered structure that has been extensively shown to directly affect transport across the interface. We present and discuss several results from molecular-mechanical modeling and molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations aimed at characterizing the structure of the first <span class="hlt">fluid</span> layer directly adjacent to the solid. We identify a new dimensionless group - termed the Wall number - which characterizes the degree of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> layering, by comparing the competing effects of wall-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> interaction and thermal energy. We find that in the layering regime, several key features of the first layer layer - including its distance from the solid, its width, and its areal density - can be described using mean-field-energy arguments, as well as asymptotic analysis of the Nernst-Planck equation. For dense <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, the areal density and the width of the first layer can be related to the bulk <span class="hlt">fluid</span> density using a simple scaling relation. MD simulations show that these results are broadly applicable and robust to the presence of a second confining solid boundary, different choices of wall structure and thermalization, strengths of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid interaction, and wall geometries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990MinDe..25..281C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990MinDe..25..281C"><span>Regional <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and metal mobility in the Dalradian metamorphic belt, Southern Grampian Highlands, Scotland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Craw, D.</p> <p>1990-10-01</p> <p>A prominent set of veins was formed during post-metamorphic deformation of the Caledonian Dalradian metamorphic belt. These veins are concentrated in dilational zones in fold hinges, but apophyses follow schistosity and fold axial surface fractures. The veins are most common in the <span class="hlt">cores</span> of regional structures, especially the Dalradian Downbend and consist of quartz, calcite, chlorite and metallic sulphides and oxides. Metals, including gold, have been concentrated in the veins. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> which formed the veins was low salinity (1 5 wt% NaCl and KCl) CO2-bearing (3 16 wt% CO2) water of metamorphic origin. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> varies slightly in composition within and between samples, but is essentially uniform in composition over several hundred km2. Vein formation occurred at about 350±50 °C and 200 300 MPa pressure. Further quartz mineralization occurred in some dilational zones at lower temperatures (160 180 °C). This later mineralization was accompanied by CO2 immiscibility. Dilution and oxidation of the metamorphic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> occurred due to mixing with meteoric water as the rocks passed through the brittle-ductile transition. A similar metamorphic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is thought to have been responsible for gold mineralization in the nearby Tyndrum Fault at a later stage in the Dalradian uplift.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11415112','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11415112"><span>Low-temperature behavior of <span class="hlt">core</span>-softened models: water and silica behavior.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jagla, E A</p> <p>2001-06-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">core</span>-softened model of a glass forming <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is numerically studied in the limit of very low temperatures. The model shows two qualitatively different behaviors depending on the strength of the attraction between particles. For no or low attraction, the changes of density as a function of pressure are smooth, although hysteretic due to mechanical metastabilities. For larger attraction, sudden changes of density upon compressing and decompressing occur. This global mechanical instability is correlated to the existence of a thermodynamic first-order amorphous-amorphous transition. The two different behaviors obtained correspond qualitatively to the different phenomenology observed in silica and water.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140017004','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140017004"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Shifts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Stenger, M. B.; Hargens, A.; Dulchavsky, S.; Ebert, D.; Lee, S.; Laurie, S.; Garcia, K.; Sargsyan, A.; Martin, D.; Lui, J.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20140017004'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140017004_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140017004_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140017004_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140017004_hide"></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>INTRODUCTION: Mechanisms responsible for the ocular structural and functional changes that characterize the visual impairment and intracranial pressure (ICP) syndrome (VIIP) are unclear, but hypothesized to be secondary to the cephalad <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shift experienced in spaceflight. This study will relate the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution and compartmentalization associated with long-duration spaceflight with VIIP symptoms. We also seek to determine whether the magnitude of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts during spaceflight, as well as the VIIP-related effects of those shifts, can be predicted preflight with acute hemodynamic manipulations, and also if lower body negative pressure (LBNP) can reverse the VIIP effects. METHODS: Physiologic variables will be examined pre-, in- and post-flight in 10 International Space Station crewmembers including: <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compartmentalization (D2O and NaBr dilution); interstitial tissue thickness (ultrasound); vascular dimensions and dynamics (ultrasound and MRI (including cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pulsatility)); ocular measures (optical coherence tomography, intraocular pressure, ultrasound); and ICP measures (tympanic membrane displacement, otoacoustic emissions). Pre- and post-flight measures will be assessed while upright, supine and during 15 deg head-down tilt (HDT). In-flight measures will occur early and late during 6 or 12 month missions. LBNP will be evaluated as a countermeasure during HDT and during spaceflight. RESULTS: The first two crewmembers are in the preflight testing phase. Preliminary results characterize the acute <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts experienced from upright, to supine and HDT postures (increased stroke volume, jugular dimensions and measures of ICP) which are reversed with 25 millimeters Hg LBNP. DISCUSSION: Initial results indicate that acute cephalad <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts may be related to VIIP symptoms, but also may be reversible by LBNP. The effect of a chronic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shift has yet to be evaluated. Learning Objectives: Current spaceflight VIIP research is described</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI33B0415O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI33B0415O"><span>Influence of precipitating light elements on stable stratification below the <span class="hlt">core</span>/mantle boundary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>O'Rourke, J. G.; Stevenson, D. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Stable stratification below the <span class="hlt">core</span>/mantle boundary is often invoked to explain anomalously low seismic velocities in this region. Diffusion of light elements like oxygen or, more slowly, silicon could create a stabilizing chemical gradient in the outermost <span class="hlt">core</span>. Heat flow less than that conducted along the adiabatic gradient may also produce thermal stratification. However, reconciling either origin with the apparent longevity (>3.45 billion years) of Earth's magnetic field remains difficult. Sub-isentropic heat flow would not drive a dynamo by thermal convection before the nucleation of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>, which likely occurred less than one billion years ago and did not instantly change the heat flow. Moreover, an oxygen-enriched layer below the <span class="hlt">core</span>/mantle boundary—the source of thermal buoyancy—could establish double-diffusive convection where motion in the bulk <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is suppressed below a slowly advancing interface. Here we present new models that explain both stable stratification and a long-lived dynamo by considering ongoing precipitation of magnesium oxide and/or silicon dioxide from the <span class="hlt">core</span>. Lithophile elements may partition into iron alloys under extreme pressure and temperature during Earth's formation, especially after giant impacts. Modest <span class="hlt">core</span>/mantle heat flow then drives compositional convection—regardless of thermal conductivity—since their solubility is strongly temperature-dependent. Our models begin with bulk abundances for the mantle and <span class="hlt">core</span> determined by the redox conditions during accretion. We then track equilibration between the <span class="hlt">core</span> and a primordial basal magma ocean followed by downward diffusion of light elements. Precipitation begins at a depth that is most sensitive to temperature and oxygen abundance and then creates feedbacks with the radial thermal and chemical profiles. Successful models feature a stable layer with low seismic velocity (which mandates multi-component evolution since a single light element typically</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoJI.207..228W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoJI.207..228W"><span>Decadal variability in <span class="hlt">core</span> surface flows deduced from geomagnetic observatory monthly means</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Whaler, K. A.; Olsen, N.; Finlay, C. C.</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Monthly means of the magnetic field measurements at ground observatories are a key data source for studying temporal changes of the <span class="hlt">core</span> magnetic field. However, when they are calculated in the usual way, contributions of external (magnetospheric and ionospheric) origin may remain, which make them less favourable for studying the field generated by dynamo action in the <span class="hlt">core</span>. We remove external field predictions, including a new way of characterizing the magnetospheric ring current, from the data and then calculate revised monthly means using robust methods. The geomagnetic secular variation (SV) is calculated as the first annual differences of these monthly means, which also removes the static crustal field. SV time-series based on revised monthly means are much less scattered than those calculated from ordinary monthly means, and their variances and correlations between components are smaller. On the annual to decadal timescale, the SV is generated primarily by advection in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span>. We demonstrate the utility of the revised monthly means by calculating models of the <span class="hlt">core</span> surface advective flow between 1997 and 2013 directly from the SV data. One set of models assumes flow that is constant over three months; such models exhibit large and rapid temporal variations. For models of this type, less complex flows achieve the same fit to the SV derived from revised monthly means than those from ordinary monthly means. However, those obtained from ordinary monthly means are able to follow excursions in SV that are likely to be external field contamination rather than <span class="hlt">core</span> signals. Having established that we can find models that fit the data adequately, we then assess how much temporal variability is required. Previous studies have suggested that the flow is consistent with torsional oscillations (TO), solid body-like oscillations of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> on concentric cylinders with axes aligned along the Earth's rotation axis. TO have been proposed to explain decadal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9441E..06C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9441E..06C"><span>Manipulation of metal-dielectric <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell particles in optical fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chvátal, Lukáš; Šiler, Martin; Zemánek, Pavel</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Metal-dielectric <span class="hlt">core</span>-shell particles represent promising tools in nanoplasmonics. In combination with optical tweezers they can be manipulated in a contactless way through <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and their plasmonic properties can be used to probe or modify the local environment. We perform a numerical parametric study to find the particle geometry and material parameters under which such particle can be stably confined in optical tweezers. We use the theory based on Mie scattering in the focal field of an ideal water immersion objective of numerical aperture NA=1.2. For very thin metal layers we find that strong trapping on the optical axis can be achieved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.H51L..04C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.H51L..04C"><span>Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Characterization of Drill <span class="hlt">Core</span> and Cutting Mineralogy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Calvin, W. M.; Kratt, C.; Kruse, F. A.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Water geochemistry can vary with depth and location within a geothermal reservoir, owing to natural factors such as changing rock type, gas content, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> source and temperature. The interaction of these variable <span class="hlt">fluids</span> with the host rock will cause well known changes in alteration mineral assemblages that are commonly factored into the exploration of hydrothermal systems for economic metals, but are less utilized with regard to mapping borehole geology for geothermal energy production. Chemistry of geothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and rock alteration products can impact production factors such as pipeline corrosion and scaling and early studies explored the use of both silica and chlorites as geothermometers. Infrared spectroscopy is particularly good at identifying a wide variety of alteration minerals, especially in discrimination among clay minerals, with no sample preparation. The technique has been extensively used in the remote identification of materials, but is not commonly used on drill <span class="hlt">core</span> or chips. We have performed several promising pilot studies that suggest the power of the technique to sample continuously and provide mineral logs akin to geophysical ones. We have surveyed a variety of samples, including drill chip boards, boxed <span class="hlt">core</span>, and drill cuttings from envelopes, sample bottles and chip trays. This work has demonstrated that <span class="hlt">core</span> and drill chips can be rapidly surveyed, acquiring spectra every few to tens of cm of section, or the vertical resolution of the chip tray (typically 10 feet). Depending on the sample type we can acquire spectral data over thousands of feet depth at high vertical resolution in a fraction of the time that is needed for traditional analytical methods such as XRD or TEM with better accuracy than traditional geologic drill or chip logging that uses visual inspection alone. We have successfully identified layered silicates such as illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite chlorite and prehnite, zeolites, opal, calcite, jarosite and iron oxides</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1814901B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1814901B"><span>Observation of the Earth liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> resonance by extensometers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bán, Dóra; Mentes, Gyula</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The axis of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> of the Earth and the rotation axis of the mantle do not coincide therefore restoring forces are set up at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary which try to realign the two axes causing a resonance effect. In celestial reference system it is called the "Free <span class="hlt">Core</span> Nutation" (FCN), which can be characterized by a period of 432 days while in the Earth reference system it is called the "Nearly Diurnal Free Wobble" (NDFW). The frequency of this phenomenon is near to the diurnal tidal frequencies, especially to P1 and K1 waves. Due to its resonance effect this phenomenon can be detected also by quartz tube extensometers suitable for Earth tides recording. In this study data series measured in several extensometric stations were used to reveal the presence of the FCN resonance. In the Pannonian Basin there are five observatories where extensometric measurements were carried out in different lengths of time. Four stations in Hungary: Sopronbánfalva Geodynamical Observatory (2000-2014), Budapest Mátyáshegy Gravity and Geodynamic Observatory (2005-2012), Pécs uranium mine (1991-1999), Bakonya, near to Pécs (2004-2005) and in Slovakia: Vyhne Earth Tide Observatory (2001-2013). Identical instrumentation in different observatories provides the opportunity to compare measurements with various topography, geology and environmental parameters. The results are also compared to values inferred from extensometric measurements in other stations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1177080','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1177080"><span>Selective evaporation of focusing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> hydrodynamic print head.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Keicher, David M.; Cook, Adam W.</p> <p></p> <p>The work performed in this project has demonstrated the feasibility to use hydrodynamic focusing of two <span class="hlt">fluid</span> steams to create a novel micro printing technology for electronics and other high performance applications. Initial efforts focused solely on selective evaporation of the sheath <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from print stream provided insight in developing a unique print head geometry allowing excess sheath <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to be separated from the print flow stream for recycling/reuse. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> flow models suggest that more than 81 percent of the sheath <span class="hlt">fluid</span> can be removed without affecting the print stream. Further development and optimization is required to demonstrate this capabilitymore » in operation. Print results using two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> hydrodynamic focusing yielded a 30 micrometers wide by 0.5 micrometers tall line that suggests that the cross-section of the printed feature from the print head was approximately 2 micrometers in diameter. Printing results also demonstrated that complete removal of the sheath <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is not necessary for all material systems. The two-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> printing technology could enable printing of insulated conductors and clad optical interconnects. Further development of this concept should be pursued.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..493..342Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..493..342Z"><span>Thermodynamic properties of diamond and wurtzite model <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from computer simulation and thermodynamic perturbation theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhou, S.; Solana, J. R.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Monte Carlo NVT simulations have been performed to obtain the thermodynamic and structural properties and perturbation coefficients up to third order in the inverse temperature expansion of the Helmholtz free energy of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> with potential models proposed in the literature for diamond and wurtzite lattices. These data are used to analyze performance of a coupling parameter series expansion (CPSE). The main findings are summarized as follows, (1) The CPSE provides accurate predictions of the first three coefficient in the inverse temperature expansion of Helmholtz free energy for the potential models considered and the thermodynamic properties of these <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are predicted more accurately when the CPSE is truncated at second or third order. (2) The Barker-Henderson (BH) recipe is appropriate for determining the effective hard sphere diameter for strongly repulsive potential <span class="hlt">cores</span>, but its performance worsens with increasing the softness of the potential <span class="hlt">core</span>. (3) For some thermodynamic properties the first-order CPSE works better for the diamond potential, whose tail is dominated by repulsive interactions, than for the potential, whose tail is dominated by attractive interactions. However, the first-order CPSE provides unsatisfactory results for the excess internal energy and constant-volume excess heat capacity for the two potential models.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27.2804E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27.2804E"><span>Preparation of Geophysical <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Flow Experiments With The Rotating Spherical Gap Flow Model In Space</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Egbers, C.</p> <p></p> <p>The'GeoFlow' is an ESA experiment planned for the <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Science Laboratory on ISS under the scientific coordination (PI) of the Department of Aerodynamics and <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mechanics (LAS) at the Brandenburg Technical University (BTU) of Cottbus, Germany. The objective of the experiment is to study thermal convection in the gap between two concentric rotating (full) spheres. A central symmetric force field simi- lar to the gravity field acting on planets can be produced by applying a high voltage between inner and outer sphere using the dielectrophoretic effect (rotating capacitor). To counter the unidirectional gravity under terrestrial conditions, this experiment re- quires a microgravity environment. The parameters of the experiment are chosen in analogy to the thermal convective motions in the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> of the Earth. In analogy to geophysical motions in the Earth`s liquid <span class="hlt">core</span> the experiment can rotate as solid body as well as differential (inner to outer). Thermal convection is produced by heat- ing the inner sphere and cooling the outer ones. Furtheron, the variation of radius ratio between inner and outer sphere is foreseen as a parameter variation. The flows to be investigated will strongly depend on the gap width and on the Prandtl number.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS53C1225T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS53C1225T"><span>Microbial diversity in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments <span class="hlt">core</span> preserved in the original pressure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Takahashi, Y.; Hata, T.; Nishida, H.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In normal <span class="hlt">coring</span> of deep marine sediments, the sampled <span class="hlt">cores</span> are exposed to the pressure of the atmosphere, which results in dissociation of gas-hydrates and might change microbial diversity. In this study, we analyzed microbial composition in methane hydrate-bearing sediment <span class="hlt">core</span> sampled and preserved by Hybrid-PCS (Pressure <span class="hlt">Coring</span> System). We sliced <span class="hlt">core</span> into three layers; (i) outside layer, which were most affected by drilling <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, (ii) middle layer, and (iii) inner layer, which were expected to be most preserved as the original state. From each layer, we directly extracted DNA, and amplified V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. We determined at least 5000 of nucleotide sequences of the partial 16S rDNA from each layer by Miseq (Illumina). In the all layers, facultative anaerobes, which can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolize energy aerobically or anaerobically, were detected as majority. However, the genera which are often detected anaerobic environment is abundant in the inner layer compared to the outside layer, indicating that condition of drilling and preservation affect the microbial composition in the deep marine sediment <span class="hlt">core</span>. This study was conducted as a part of the activity of the Research Consortium for Methane Hydrate Resources in Japan [MH21 consortium], and supported by JOGMEC (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation). The sample was provided by AIST (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AN....326..905W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AN....326..905W"><span>Convective radiation <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-dynamics: formation and early evolution of ultra low-mass objects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wuchterl, G.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>The formation process of ultra low-mass objects is some kind of extension of the star formation process. The physical changes towards lower mass are discussed by investigating the collapse of cloud <span class="hlt">cores</span> that are modelled as Bonnor-Ebert spheres. Their collapse is followed by solving the equations of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics with radiation and a model of time-dependent convection that has been calibrated to the Sun. For a sequence of cloud-<span class="hlt">cores</span> with 1 to 0.01 solar masses, evolutionary tracks and isochrones are shown in the mass-radius diagram, the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram and the effective temperature-surface gravity or Kiel diagram. The collapse and the early hydrostatic evolution to ages of few Ma are briefly discussed and compared to observations of objects in Upper Scorpius and the low-mass components of GG Tau.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70001002','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70001002"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion geothermometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Cunningham, C.G.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusions trapped within crystals either during growth or at a later time provide many clues to the histories of rocks and ores. Estimates of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-inclusion homogenization temperature and density can be obtained using a petrographic microscope with thin sections, and they can be refined using heating and freezing stages. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion studies, used in conjunction with paragenetic studies, can provide direct data on the time and space variations of parameters such as temperature, pressure, density, and composition of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in geologic environments. Changes in these parameters directly affect the fugacity, composition, and pH of <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, thus directly influencing localization of ore metals. ?? 1977 Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuttgart.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017tfm..book.....F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017tfm..book.....F"><span>Theoretical <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mechanics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fitzpatrick, Richard</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>'Theoretical <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Mechanics' has been written to aid physics students who wish to pursue a course of self-study in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics. It is a comprehensive, completely self-contained text with equations of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics derived from first principles, and any required advanced mathematics is either fully explained in the text, or in an appendix. It is accompanied by about 180 exercises with completely worked out solutions. It also includes extensive sections on the application of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics to topics of importance in astrophysics and geophysics. These topics include the equilibrium of rotating, self-gravitating, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> masses; tidal bores; terrestrial ocean tides; and the Eddington solar model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI32A..08Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMDI32A..08Y"><span>Sensitivity of the Geomagnetic Octupole to a Stably Stratified Layer in the Earth's <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yan, C.; Stanley, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The presence of a stably stratified layer at the top of the <span class="hlt">core</span> has long been proposed for Earth, based on evidence from seismology and geomagnetic secular variation. Geodynamo modeling offers a unique window to inspect the properties and dynamics in Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>. For example, numerical simulations have shown that magnetic field morphology is sensitive to the presence of stably stratified layers in a planet's <span class="hlt">core</span>. Here we use the mMoSST numerical dynamo model to investigate the effects of a thin stably stratified layer at the top of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> in Earth on the resulting large-scale geomagnetic field morphology. We find that the existence of a stable layer has significant influence on the octupolar component of the magnetic field in our models, whereas the quadrupole doesn't show an obvious trend. This suggests that observations of the geomagnetic field can be applied to provide information of the properties of this plausible stable layer, such as how thick and how stable this layer could be. Furthermore, we have examined whether the dominant thermal signature from mantle tomography at the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB) (a degree & order 2 spherical harmonic) can influence our results. We found that this heat flux pattern at the CMB has no outstanding effects on the quadrupole and octupole magnetic field components. Our studies suggest that if there is a stably stratified layer at the top of the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>, it must be limited in terms of stability and thickness, in order to be compatible with the observed paleomagnetic record.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1343007-core-formation-core-composition-from-coupled-geochemical-geophysical-constraints','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1343007-core-formation-core-composition-from-coupled-geochemical-geophysical-constraints"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> formation and <span class="hlt">core</span> composition from coupled geochemical and geophysical constraints</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Badro, James; Brodholt, John P.; Piet, Helene; ...</p> <p>2015-09-21</p> <p>The formation of Earth’s <span class="hlt">core</span> left behind geophysical and geochemical signatures in both the <span class="hlt">core</span> and mantle that remain to this day. Seismology requires that the <span class="hlt">core</span> be lighter than pure iron and therefore must contain light elements, and the geochemistry of mantle-derived rocks reveals extensive siderophile element depletion and fractionation. Both features are inherited from metal–silicate differentiation in primitive Earth and depend upon the nature of physiochemical conditions that prevailed during <span class="hlt">core</span> formation. To date, <span class="hlt">core</span> formation models have only attempted to address the evolution of <span class="hlt">core</span> and mantle compositional signatures separately, rather than seeking a joint solution. Heremore » we combine experimental petrology, geochemistry, mineral physics and seismology to constrain a range of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation conditions that satisfy both constraints. We find that <span class="hlt">core</span> formation occurred in a hot (liquidus) yet moderately deep magma ocean not exceeding 1,800 km depth, under redox conditions more oxidized than present-day Earth. This new scenario, at odds with the current belief that <span class="hlt">core</span> formation occurred under reducing conditions, proposes that Earth’s magma ocean started oxidized and has become reduced through time, by oxygen incorporation into the <span class="hlt">core</span>. As a result, this <span class="hlt">core</span> formation model produces a <span class="hlt">core</span> that contains 2.7–5% oxygen along with 2–3.6% silicon, with densities and velocities in accord with radial seismic models, and leaves behind a silicate mantle that matches the observed mantle abundances of nickel, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343007','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343007"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> formation and <span class="hlt">core</span> composition from coupled geochemical and geophysical constraints</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Badro, James; Brodholt, John P.; Piet, Helene</p> <p></p> <p>The formation of Earth’s <span class="hlt">core</span> left behind geophysical and geochemical signatures in both the <span class="hlt">core</span> and mantle that remain to this day. Seismology requires that the <span class="hlt">core</span> be lighter than pure iron and therefore must contain light elements, and the geochemistry of mantle-derived rocks reveals extensive siderophile element depletion and fractionation. Both features are inherited from metal–silicate differentiation in primitive Earth and depend upon the nature of physiochemical conditions that prevailed during <span class="hlt">core</span> formation. To date, <span class="hlt">core</span> formation models have only attempted to address the evolution of <span class="hlt">core</span> and mantle compositional signatures separately, rather than seeking a joint solution. Heremore » we combine experimental petrology, geochemistry, mineral physics and seismology to constrain a range of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation conditions that satisfy both constraints. We find that <span class="hlt">core</span> formation occurred in a hot (liquidus) yet moderately deep magma ocean not exceeding 1,800 km depth, under redox conditions more oxidized than present-day Earth. This new scenario, at odds with the current belief that <span class="hlt">core</span> formation occurred under reducing conditions, proposes that Earth’s magma ocean started oxidized and has become reduced through time, by oxygen incorporation into the <span class="hlt">core</span>. As a result, this <span class="hlt">core</span> formation model produces a <span class="hlt">core</span> that contains 2.7–5% oxygen along with 2–3.6% silicon, with densities and velocities in accord with radial seismic models, and leaves behind a silicate mantle that matches the observed mantle abundances of nickel, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/90388','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/90388"><span>An experimental and theoretical study to relate uncommon rock/<span class="hlt">fluid</span> properties to oil recovery. Final report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Watson, R.</p> <p></p> <p>Waterflooding is the most commonly used secondary oil recovery technique. One of the requirements for understanding waterflood performance is a good knowledge of the basic properties of the reservoir rocks. This study is aimed at correlating rock-pore characteristics to oil recovery from various reservoir rock types and incorporating these properties into empirical models for Predicting oil recovery. For that reason, this report deals with the analyses and interpretation of experimental data collected from <span class="hlt">core</span> floods and correlated against measurements of absolute permeability, porosity. wettability index, mercury porosimetry properties and irreducible water saturation. The results of the radial-<span class="hlt">core</span> the radial-<span class="hlt">core</span> andmore » linear-<span class="hlt">core</span> flow investigations and the other associated experimental analyses are presented and incorporated into empirical models to improve the predictions of oil recovery resulting from waterflooding, for sandstone and limestone reservoirs. For the radial-<span class="hlt">core</span> case, the standardized regression model selected, based on a subset of the variables, predicted oil recovery by waterflooding with a standard deviation of 7%. For the linear-<span class="hlt">core</span> case, separate models are developed using common, uncommon and combination of both types of rock properties. It was observed that residual oil saturation and oil recovery are better predicted with the inclusion of both common and uncommon rock/<span class="hlt">fluid</span> properties into the predictive models.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29260191','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29260191"><span>Effect of Age-Related Human Lens Sutures Growth on Its <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Dynamics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Ho-Ting D; Howse, Louisa A; Vaghefi, Ehsan</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Age-related nuclear cataract is the opacification of the clear ocular lens due to oxidative damage as we age, and is the leading cause of blindness in the world. A lack of antioxidant supply to the <span class="hlt">core</span> of ever-growing ocular lens could contribute to the cause of this condition. In this project, a computational model was developed to study the sutural <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inflow of the aging human lens. Three different SOLIDWORKS computational <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics models of the human lens (7 years old; 28 years old; 46 years old) were created, based on available literature data. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics of the lens sutures were modelled using the Stokes flow equations, combined with realistic physiological boundary conditions and embedded in COMSOL Multiphysics. The flow rate, volume, and flow rate per volume of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> entering the aging lens were examined, and all increased over the 40 years modelled. However, while the volume of the lens grew by ∼300% and the flow rate increased by ∼400%, the flow rate per volume increased only by very moderate ∼38%. Here, sutural information from humans of 7 to 46 years of age was obtained. In this modelled age range, an increase of flow rate per volume was observed, albeit at very slow rate. We hypothesize that with even further increasing age (60+ years old), the lens volume growth would outpace its flow rate increases, which would eventually lead to malnutrition of the lens nucleus and onset of cataracts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/862938','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/862938"><span>Modular assembly for supporting, straining, and directing flow to a <span class="hlt">core</span> in a nuclear reactor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Pennell, William E.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>A reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> support arrangement for supporting, straining, and providing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow to the <span class="hlt">core</span> and periphery of a nuclear reactor during normal operation. A plurality of removable inlet modular units are contained within permanent liners in the lower supporting plate of the reactor vessel lower internals. During normal operation (1) each inlet modular unit directs main coolant flow to a plurality of <span class="hlt">core</span> assemblies, the latter being removably supported in receptacles in the upper portion of the modular unit and (2) each inlet modular unit may direct bypass flow to a low pressure annular region of the reactor vessel. Each inlet modular unit may include special <span class="hlt">fluid</span> seals interposed between mating surfaces of the inlet modular units and the <span class="hlt">core</span> assemblies and between the inlet modular units and the liners, to minimize leakage and achieve an hydraulic balance. Utilizing the hydraulic balance, the modular units are held in the liners and the assemblies are held in the modular unit receptacles by their own respective weight. Included as part of the permanent liners below the horizontal support plate are generally hexagonal axial debris barriers. The axial debris barriers collectively form a bottom boundary of a secondary high pressure plenum, the upper boundary of which is the bottom surface of the horizontal support plate. Peripheral liners include radial debris barriers which collectively form a barrier against debris entry radially. During normal operation primary coolant inlet openings in the liner, below the axial debris barriers, pass a large amount of coolant into the inlet modular units, and secondary coolant inlet openings in the portion of the liners within the secondary plenum pass a small amount of coolant into the inlet modular units. The secondary coolant inlet openings also provide alternative coolant inlet flow paths in the unlikely event of blockage of the primary inlet openings. The primary inlet openings have characteristics which limit the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMOS23A1531A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMOS23A1531A"><span>Integrated NMR <span class="hlt">Core</span> and Log Investigations With Respect to ODP LEG 204</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arnold, J.; Pechnig, R.; Clauser, C.; Anferova, S.; Blümich, B.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p> a comparison of data from <span class="hlt">core</span> scanning and NMR logging. Future integration of conventional wireline data and electrical borehole wall images (RAB/FMS) will provide a detailed characterization of the sediments in terms of lithology, petrophysics and, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3979204','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3979204"><span>Design and evaluation of hydrophobic coated buoyant <span class="hlt">core</span> as floating drug delivery system for sustained release of cisapride</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jacob, Shery; Nair, Anroop B; Patil, Pandurang N</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>An inert hydrophobic buoyant coated–<span class="hlt">core</span> was developed as floating drug delivery system (FDDS) for sustained release of cisapride using direct compression technology. <span class="hlt">Core</span> contained low density, porous ethyl cellulose, which was coated with an impermeable, insoluble hydrophobic coating polymer such as rosin. It was further seal coated with low viscosity hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC E15) to minimize moisture permeation and better adhesion with an outer drug layer. It was found that stable buoyant <span class="hlt">core</span> was sufficient to float the tablet more than 8 h without the aid of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. Sustained release of cisapride was achieved with HPMC K4M in the outer drug layer. The floating lag time required for these novel FDDS was found to be zero, however it is likely that the porosity or density of the <span class="hlt">core</span> is critical for floatability of these tablets. The in vitro release pattern of these tablets in simulated gastric <span class="hlt">fluid</span> showed the constant and controlled release for prolonged time. It can be concluded that the hydrophobic coated buoyant <span class="hlt">core</span> could be used as FDDS for gastroretentive delivery system of cisapride or other suitable drugs. PMID:24825997</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013633','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013633"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Shifts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Stenger, M. B.; Hargens, A. R.; Dulchavsky, S. A.; Arbeille, P.; Danielson, R. W.; Ebert, D. J.; Garcia, K. M.; Johnston, S. L.; Laurie, S. S.; Lee, S. M. C.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20160013633'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20160013633_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20160013633_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20160013633_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20160013633_hide"></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Introduction. NASA's Human Research Program is focused on addressing health risks associated with long-duration missions on the International Space Station (ISS) and future exploration-class missions beyond low Earth orbit. Visual acuity changes observed after short-duration missions were largely transient, but now more than 50 percent of ISS astronauts have experienced more profound, chronic changes with objective structural findings such as optic disc edema, globe flattening and choroidal folds. These structural and functional changes are referred to as the visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome. Development of VIIP symptoms may be related to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) secondary to spaceflight-induced cephalad <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts, but this hypothesis has not been tested. The purpose of this study is to characterize <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distribution and compartmentalization associated with long-duration spaceflight and to determine if a relation exists with vision changes and other elements of the VIIP syndrome. We also seek to determine whether the magnitude of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> shifts during spaceflight, as well as any VIIP-related effects of those shifts, are predicted by the crewmember's pre-flight status and responses to acute hemodynamic manipulations, specifically posture changes and lower body negative pressure. Methods. We will examine a variety of physiologic variables in 10 long-duration ISS crewmembers using the test conditions and timeline presented in the figure below. Measures include: (1) <span class="hlt">fluid</span> compartmentalization (total body water by D2O, extracellular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by NaBr, intracellular <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by calculation, plasma volume by CO rebreathe, interstitial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> by calculation); (2) forehead/eyelids, tibia, and calcaneus tissue thickness (by ultrasound); (3) vascular dimensions by ultrasound (jugular veins, cerebral and carotid arteries, vertebral arteries and veins, portal vein); (4) vascular dynamics by MRI (head/neck blood flow, cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060023344','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060023344"><span>Flight Development for Cryogenic <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Management in Support of Exploration Missions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chato, David J.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes the results of the "Experimentation for the Maturation of Deep Space Cryogenic Refueling Technology" study. The purposes of this study were to identify cryogenic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> management technologies requiring low gravity flight experiments to bring to technology readiness level (TRL) 5-6; to study many possible flight experiment options; and to develop near-term low-cost flight experiment concepts to mature <span class="hlt">core</span> technologies of refueling. A total of twenty-five white papers were prepared in the course of this study. Each white paper is briefly summarized and relevant references cited. A total of 90 references are cited.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JPhA...38.5405K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JPhA...38.5405K"><span>Ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> with r-6 pair interactions have power-law electrostatic screening</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kjellander, Roland; Forsberg, Björn</p> <p>2005-06-01</p> <p>The decay behaviour of radial distribution functions for large distances r is investigated for classical Coulomb <span class="hlt">fluids</span> where the ions interact with an r-6 potential (e.g. a dispersion interaction) in addition to the Coulombic and the short-range repulsive potentials (e.g. a hard <span class="hlt">core</span>). The pair distributions and the density-density (NN), charge-density (QN) and charge-charge (QQ) correlation functions are investigated analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the NN correlation function ultimately decays like r-6 for large r, just as it does for <span class="hlt">fluids</span> of electroneutral particles interacting with an r-6 potential. The prefactor is proportional to the squared compressibility in both cases. The QN correlations decay in general like r-8 and the QQ correlations like r-10 in the ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The average charge density around an ion decays generally like r-8 and the average electrostatic potential like r-6. This behaviour is in stark contrast to the decay behaviour for classical Coulomb <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the absence of the r-6 potential, where all these functions decay exponentially for large r. The power-law decays are, however, the same as for quantum Coulomb <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. This indicates that the inclusion of the dispersion interaction as an effective r-6 interaction potential in classical systems yields the same decay behaviour for the pair correlations as in quantum ionic systems. An exceptional case is the completely symmetric binary electrolyte for which only the NN correlation has a power-law decay but not the QQ correlations. These features are shown by an analysis of the bridge function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1111932P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1111932P"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> segregation mechanism and compositional evolution of terretrial planets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Petford, N.; Rushmer, T.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>A singular event in the formation of the earth and terrestrial planets was the separation iron-rich melt from mantle silicate to form planetary <span class="hlt">cores</span>. On Earth, and by implication other rocky planets, this process induced profound internal chemical fractionation, with siderophile elements (Ni, Co, Au, Pt, W, Re) following Fe into the <span class="hlt">core</span>, leaving the silicate crust and mantle with strong depletions of these elements relative to primitive planetary material. Recent measurements of radiogenic 182W anomalies in the silicate Earth, Mars and differentiated meteorites imply that planetesimals segregated metallic <span class="hlt">cores</span> within a few Myr of the origin of the solar system. Various models have been put forward to explain the physical nature of the segregation mechanism (Fe-diapirs, ‘raining' through a magma ocean), and more recently melt flow via fractures. In this contribution we present the initial results of a numerical study into Fe segregation in a deforming silicate matrix that captures the temperature-dependent effect of liquid metal viscosity on the transport rate. Flow is driven by pressure gradients associated with impact deformation in a growing planetesimal and the fracture geometry is constrained by experimental data on naturally deformed H6 chondrite. Early results suggest that under dynamic conditions, fracture-driven melt flow can in principle be extremely rapid, leading to a significant draining of the Fe-liquid metal and siderophile trace element component on a timescale of hours to days. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> transport in planetesimals where deformation is the driving force provides an attractive and simple way of segregating Fe from host silicate as both precursor and primary agent of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation. The potential for flow of metal-rich melt to induce local magnetic anomalies will also be addressed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4261991','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4261991"><span><span class="hlt">FLUID</span> SELECTING APPARATUS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Stinson, W.J.</p> <p>1958-09-16</p> <p>A valve designed to selectively sample <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from a number of sources is described. The valve comprises a rotatable operating lever connected through a bellows seal to a rotatable assembly containing a needle valve, bearings, and a rotational lock. The needle valve is connected through a flexible tube to the sample <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet. By rotating the lever the needle valve is placed over . one of several <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sources and locked in position so that the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is traasferred through the flexible tubing and outlet to a remote sampling system. The <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from the nonselected sources are exhausted to a waste line. This valve constitutes a simple, dependable means of selecting a sample from one of several scurces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1334871-versatility-rheoreversible-stimuli-responsive-hydraulic-fracturing-fluids-enhanced-geothermal-systems-effect-reservoir-ph','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1334871-versatility-rheoreversible-stimuli-responsive-hydraulic-fracturing-fluids-enhanced-geothermal-systems-effect-reservoir-ph"><span>On the Versatility of Rheoreversible, Stimuli-responsive Hydraulic-Fracturing <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> for Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Effect of Reservoir pH</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Fernandez, Carlos A.; Shao, Hongbo; Bonneville, Alain</p> <p></p> <p>Abstract The primary challenge for the feasibility of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) is to cost-effectively create high-permeability reservoirs inside deep crystalline bedrock. Although fracturing <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are commonly used for oil/gas, standard fracturing methods are not developed or proven for EGS temperatures and pressures. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of currently used fracturing methods are only recently being determined. These authors recently reported an environmentally benign, CO2-activated, rheoreversible fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that enhances permeability through fracturing due to in situ volume expansion and gel formation. The potential of this novel fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is evaluated in this work towards its application at geothermal sitesmore » under different pH conditions. Laboratory-scale fracturing experiments using Coso Geothermal rock <span class="hlt">cores</span> under different pH environments were performed followed by X-ray microtomography characterization. The results demonstrate that CO2-reactive aqueous solutions of environmentally amenable polyallylamine (PAA) consistently and reproducibly creates/propagates fracture networks through highly impermeable crystalline rock from Coso EGS sites at considerably lower effective stress as compared to conventional fracturing <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. In addition, permeability was significantly enhanced in a wide range of formation-water pH values. This effective, and environmentally-friendly fracturing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> technology represents a potential alternative to conventional fracturing <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176099','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176099"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> cooled electrical assembly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Rinehart, Lawrence E.; Romero, Guillermo L.</p> <p>2007-02-06</p> <p>A heat producing, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cooled assembly that includes a housing made of liquid-impermeable material, which defines a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet and a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet and an opening. Also included is an electrical package having a set of semiconductor electrical devices supported on a substrate and the second major surface is a heat sink adapted to express heat generated from the electrical apparatus and wherein the second major surface defines a rim that is fit to the opening. Further, the housing is constructed so that as <span class="hlt">fluid</span> travels from the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet to the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet it is constrained to flow past the opening thereby placing the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> in contact with the heat sink.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMNG14A..08L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMNG14A..08L"><span>Laboratory experiments on liquid fragmentation during Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span> formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Landeau, M.; Deguen, R.; Olson, P.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Buoyancy-driven fragmentation of one liquid in another immiscible liquid likely occurred on a massive scale during the formation of the Earth, when dense liquid metal blobs were released within deep molten silicate magma oceans. Another example of this phenomenon is the sudden release of petroleum into the ocean during the Deepwater Horizon disaster (Gulf of Mexico, 2010). We present experiments on the instability and fragmentation of blobs of a heavy liquid released into a lighter immiscible liquid. During the fragmentation process, we observe deformation of the released <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, formation of filamentary structures, capillary instability, and eventually drop formation. We find that, at low and intermediate Weber numbers (which measures the importance of inertia versus surface tension), the fragmentation regime mainly results from the competition between a Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the roll-up of a vortex ring. At sufficiently high Weber numbers (the relevant regime for <span class="hlt">core</span> formation), the fragmentation process becomes turbulent. The large-scale flow then behaves as a turbulent vortex ring or a turbulent thermal: it forms a coherent structure whose shape remains self-similar during the fall and which grows by turbulent entrainment of ambient <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. An integral model based on the entrainment assumption, and adapted to buoyant vortex rings with initial momentum, is consistent with our experimental data. This indicates that the concept of turbulent entrainment is valid for non-dispersed immiscible <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at large Weber and Reynolds numbers. Series of photographs, turbulent fragmentation regime, time intervals of about 0.2 s. Portions (red boxes) have been magnified (on the right).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V13B4768F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V13B4768F"><span>The Chemical Behavior of <span class="hlt">Fluids</span> Released during Deep Subduction Based on <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frezzotti, M. L.; Ferrando, S.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>We present a review of current research on <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions in (HP-) UHP metamorphic rocks that, combined with existing experimental research and thermodynamic models, allow us to investigate the chemical and physical properties of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> released during deep subduction, their solvent and element transport capacity, and the subsequent implications for the element recycling in the mantle wedge. An impressive number of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion studies indicate three main populations of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions in HP and UHP metamorphic rocks: i) aqueous and/or non-polar gaseous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions (FI), ii) multiphase solid inclusions (MSI), and iii) melt inclusions (MI). Chemical data from preserved <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions in rocks match with and implement "model" <span class="hlt">fluids</span> by experiments and thermodynamics, revealing a continuity behind the extreme variations of physico-chemical properties of subduction-zone <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. From fore-arc to sub-arc depths, <span class="hlt">fluids</span> released by progressive devolatilization reactions from slab lithologies change from relatively diluted chloride-bearing aqueous solutions (± N2), mainly influenced by halide ligands, to (alkali) aluminosilicate-rich aqueous <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, in which polymerization probably governs the solubility and transport of major (e.g., Si and Al) and trace elements (including C). <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion data implement the petrological models explaining deep volatile liberation in subduction zones, and their flux into the mantle wedge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvF...2i4201W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvF...2i4201W"><span>Molecular mechanics and structure of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid interface in simple <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Gerald J.; Hadjiconstantinou, Nicolas G.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Near a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid interface, the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> spatial density profile is highly nonuniform at the molecular scale. This nonuniformity can have profound effects on the dynamical behavior of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and has been shown to play an especially important role when modeling a wide variety of nanoscale heat and momentum transfer phenomena. We use molecular-mechanics arguments and molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations to develop a better understanding of the structure of the first <span class="hlt">fluid</span> layer directly adjacent to the solid in the layering regime, as delineated by a nondimensional number that compares the effects of wall-<span class="hlt">fluid</span> interaction to thermal energy. Using asymptotic analysis of the Nernst-Planck equation, we show that features of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> density profile close to the wall, such as the areal density of the first layer ΣFL (defined as the number of atoms in this layer per unit of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid interfacial area), can be expressed as polynomial functions of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> average density ρave. This is found to be in agreement with MD simulations, which also show that the width of the first layer hFL is a linear function of the average density and only a weak function of the temperature T . These results can be combined to show that, for system average densities corresponding to a dense <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (ρave≥0.7 ), the ratio C ≡ΣFLρavehFL, representing a density enhancement with respect to the bulk <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, depends only weakly on temperature and is essentially independent of density. Further MD simulations suggest that the above results, nominally valid for large systems (solid in contact with semi-infinite <span class="hlt">fluid</span>), also describe <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-solid interfaces under considerable nanoconfinement, provided ρave is appropriately defined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864287','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864287"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> force transducer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Jendrzejczyk, Joseph A.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>An electrical <span class="hlt">fluid</span> force transducer for measuring the magnitude and direction of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> forces caused by lateral <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow, includes a movable sleeve which is deflectable in response to the movement of <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and a rod fixed to the sleeve to translate forces applied to the sleeve to strain gauges attached to the rod, the strain gauges being connected in a bridge circuit arrangement enabling generation of a signal output indicative of the magnitude and direction of the force applied to the sleeve.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22518733-stochasticity-efficiency-simplified-models-core-collapse-supernova-explosions','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22518733-stochasticity-efficiency-simplified-models-core-collapse-supernova-explosions"><span>STOCHASTICITY AND EFFICIENCY IN SIMPLIFIED MODELS OF <span class="hlt">CORE</span>-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cardall, Christian Y.; Budiardja, Reuben D., E-mail: cardallcy@ornl.gov, E-mail: reubendb@utk.edu</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>We present an initial report on 160 simulations of a highly simplified model of the post-bounce <span class="hlt">core</span>-collapse supernova environment in three spatial dimensions (3D). We set different values of a parameter characterizing the impact of nuclear dissociation at the stalled shock in order to regulate the post-shock <span class="hlt">fluid</span> velocity, thereby determining the relative importance of convection and the stationary accretion shock instability (SASI). While our convection-dominated runs comport with the paradigmatic notion of a “critical neutrino luminosity” for explosion at a given mass accretion rate (albeit with a nontrivial spread in explosion times just above threshold), the outcomes of ourmore » SASI-dominated runs are much more stochastic: a sharp threshold critical luminosity is “smeared out” into a rising probability of explosion over a ∼20% range of luminosity. We also find that the SASI-dominated models are able to explode with 3–4 times less efficient neutrino heating, indicating that progenitor properties, and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and neutrino microphysics, conducive to the SASI would make the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism more robust.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JGR...10215021C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JGR...10215021C"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> flow and water-rock interaction in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Conrad, Mark E.; Thomas, Donald M.; Flexser, Steven; Vennemann, Torsten W.</p> <p>1997-07-01</p> <p>The East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii represents a major area of geothermal activity. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion and stable isotope analyses of secondary hydrothermal minerals in <span class="hlt">core</span> samples from three scientific observation holes (SOH) drilled into the rift zone indicate that the geothermal system is dominated by meteoric waters to depths of as much as 1500 m below sea level. Calculated δ18O and δD values for <span class="hlt">fluids</span> on the north side of the rift zone indicate that the deep meteoric <span class="hlt">fluids</span> may be derived from precipitation on the upper slopes of Mauna Loa Volcano. In the interior of the rift zone, recharge is dominated by seawater mixed with local meteoric water. Water/rock ratios in the rift area are approximately 2, but strongly 18O-enriched <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in the deeper parts of the SOH-2 and SOH-4 drill holes (on the north side of the rift) indicate that the <span class="hlt">fluids</span> underwent extensive interaction with rocks prior to reaching this part of the rift zone. Marine carbonates at the subaerial to submarine transition (between 1700 and 1780 m depth) in SOH-4 have not fully equilibrated with the <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, suggesting that the onset of hydrothermal activity in this area was relatively recent (<2000 years). This may represent increased volcanic activity along the rift after the end of the Ai La'au phase of eruptive activity at the Kilauea summit approximately 1000 years ago, or it may reflect progressive evolution of the hydrothermal system in response to southward migration of intrusive activity within the rift.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880002371','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880002371"><span>Space station integrated propulsion and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> system study: <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> systems configuration databook</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rose, L.; Bicknell, B.; Bergman, D.; Wilson, S.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>This databook contains <span class="hlt">fluid</span> system requirements and system descriptions for Space Station program elements including the United States and International modules, integrated <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems, attached payloads, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> servicers and vehicle accommodation facilities. Separate sections are devoted to each of the program elements and include a discussion of the overall system requirements, specific <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems requirements and systems descriptions. The systems descriptions contain configurations, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inventory data and component lists. In addition, a list of information sources is referenced at the end of each section.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20820694','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20820694"><span>Fullerol ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fernandes, Nikhil; Dallas, Panagiotis; Rodriguez, Robert; Bourlinos, Athanasios B; Georgakilas, Vasilios; Giannelis, Emmanuel P</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>We report for the first time an ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> based on hydroxylated fullerenes (fullerols). The ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was synthesized by neutralizing the fully protonated fullerol with an amine terminated polyethylene/polypropylene oxide oligomer (Jeffamine). The ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was compared to a control synthesized by mixing the partially protonated form (sodium form) of the fullerols with the same oligomeric amine in the same ratio as in the ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (20 wt% fullerol). In the fullerol <span class="hlt">fluid</span> the ionic bonding significantly perturbs the thermal transitions and melting/crystallization behavior of the amine. In contrast, both the normalized heat of fusion and crystallization of the amine in the control are similar to those of the neat amine consistent with a physical mixture of the fullerols/amine with minimal interactions. In addition to differences in thermal behavior, the fullerol ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> exhibits a complex viscoelastic behavior intermediate between the neat Jeffamine (liquid-like) and the control (solid-like).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Nanos...2.1653F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Nanos...2.1653F"><span>Fullerol ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fernandes, Nikhil; Dallas, Panagiotis; Rodriguez, Robert; Bourlinos, Athanasios B.; Georgakilas, Vasilios; Giannelis, Emmanuel P.</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>We report for the first time an ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> based on hydroxylated fullerenes (fullerols). The ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was synthesized by neutralizing the fully protonated fullerol with an amine terminated polyethylene/polypropylene oxide oligomer (Jeffamine®). The ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was compared to a control synthesized by mixing the partially protonated form (sodium form) of the fullerols with the same oligomeric amine in the same ratio as in the ionic <span class="hlt">fluids</span> (20 wt% fullerol). In the fullerol <span class="hlt">fluid</span> the ionic bonding significantly perturbs the thermal transitions and melting/crystallization behavior of the amine. In contrast, both the normalized heat of fusion and crystallization of the amine in the control are similar to those of the neat amine consistent with a physical mixture of the fullerols/amine with minimal interactions. In addition to differences in thermal behavior, the fullerol ionic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> exhibits a complex viscoelastic behavior intermediate between the neat Jeffamine® (liquid-like) and the control (solid-like).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H13E1432A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H13E1432A"><span>The Impact of Solid Surface Features on <span class="hlt">Fluid-Fluid</span> Interface Configuration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Araujo, J. B.; Brusseau, M. L. L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Pore-scale <span class="hlt">fluid</span> processes in geological media are critical for a broad range of applications such as radioactive waste disposal, carbon sequestration, soil moisture distribution, subsurface pollution, land stability, and oil and gas recovery. The continued improvement of high-resolution image acquisition and processing have provided a means to test the usefulness of theoretical models developed to simulate pore-scale <span class="hlt">fluid</span> processes, through the direct quantification of interfaces. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography is used in combination with advanced visualization tools to characterize <span class="hlt">fluid</span> distributions in natural geologic media. The studies revealed the presence of <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> interface associated with macroscopic features on the surfaces of the solids such as pits and crevices. These features and respective <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interfaces, which are not included in current theoretical or computational models, may have a significant impact on accurate simulation and understanding of multi-phase flow, energy, heat and mass transfer processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoJI.201.1657B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoJI.201.1657B"><span>Inner <span class="hlt">core</span> structure behind the PKP <span class="hlt">core</span> phase triplication</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blom, Nienke A.; Deuss, Arwen; Paulssen, Hanneke; Waszek, Lauren</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The structure of the Earth's inner <span class="hlt">core</span> is not well known between depths of ˜100-200 km beneath the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> boundary. This is a result of the PKP <span class="hlt">core</span> phase triplication and the existence of strong precursors to PKP phases, which hinder the measurement of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> compressional PKIKP waves at epicentral distances between roughly 143 and 148°. Consequently, interpretation of the detailed structure of deeper regions also remains difficult. To overcome these issues we stack seismograms in slowness and time, separating the PKP and PKIKP phases which arrive simultaneously but with different slowness. We apply this method to study the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>'s Western hemisphere beneath South and Central America using paths travelling in the quasi-polar direction between 140 and 150° epicentral distance, which enables us to measure PKiKP-PKIKP differential traveltimes up to greater epicentral distance than has previously been done. The resulting PKiKP-PKIKP differential traveltime residuals increase with epicentral distance, which indicates a marked increase in seismic velocity for polar paths at depths greater than 100 km compared to reference model AK135. Assuming a homogeneous outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, these findings can be explained by either (i) inner <span class="hlt">core</span> heterogeneity due to an increase in isotropic velocity or (ii) increase in anisotropy over the studied depth range. Although this study only samples a small region of the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and the current data cannot distinguish between the two alternatives, we prefer the latter interpretation in the light of previous work.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4418746','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4418746"><span>Sphingolipid Metabolism Correlates with Cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> Beta Amyloid Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fonteh, Alfred N.; Ormseth, Cora; Chiang, Jiarong; Cipolla, Matthew; Arakaki, Xianghong; Harrington, Michael G.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Sphingolipids are important in many brain functions but their role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not completely defined. A major limit is availability of fresh brain tissue with defined AD pathology. The discovery that cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (CSF) contains abundant nanoparticles that include synaptic vesicles and large dense <span class="hlt">core</span> vesicles offer an accessible sample to study these organelles, while the supernatant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> allows study of brain interstitial metabolism. Our objective was to characterize sphingolipids in nanoparticles representative of membrane vesicle metabolism, and in supernatant <span class="hlt">fluid</span> representative of interstitial metabolism from study participants with varying levels of cognitive dysfunction. We recently described the recruitment, diagnosis, and CSF collection from cognitively normal or impaired study participants. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we report that cognitively normal participants had measureable levels of sphingomyelin, ceramide, and dihydroceramide species, but that their distribution differed between nanoparticles and supernatant <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and further differed in those with cognitive impairment. In CSF from AD compared with cognitively normal participants: a) total sphingomyelin levels were lower in nanoparticles and supernatant <span class="hlt">fluid</span>; b) levels of ceramide species were lower in nanoparticles and higher in supernatant <span class="hlt">fluid</span>; c) three sphingomyelin species were reduced in the nanoparticle fraction. Moreover, three sphingomyelin species in the nanoparticle fraction were lower in mild cognitive impairment compared with cognitively normal participants. The activity of acid, but not neutral sphingomyelinase was significantly reduced in the CSF from AD participants. The reduction in acid sphingomylinase in CSF from AD participants was independent of depression and psychotropic medications. Acid sphingomyelinase activity positively correlated with amyloid β42 concentration in CSF from cognitively normal but not impaired</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042189','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100042189"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span>-Noise</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hultgren, Lennart S.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This presentation is a technical progress report and near-term outlook for NASA-internal and NASA-sponsored external work on <span class="hlt">core</span> (combustor and turbine) noise funded by the Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project. Sections of the presentation cover: the SFW system level noise metrics for the 2015, 2020, and 2025 timeframes; the emerging importance of <span class="hlt">core</span> noise and its relevance to the SFW Reduced-Noise-Aircraft Technical Challenge; the current research activities in the <span class="hlt">core</span>-noise area, with some additional details given about the development of a high-fidelity combustion-noise prediction capability; the need for a <span class="hlt">core</span>-noise diagnostic capability to generate benchmark data for validation of both high-fidelity work and improved models, as well as testing of future noise-reduction technologies; relevant existing <span class="hlt">core</span>-noise tests using real engines and auxiliary power units; and examples of possible scenarios for a future diagnostic facility. The NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program has the principal objective of overcoming today's national challenges in air transportation. The SFW Reduced-Noise-Aircraft Technical Challenge aims to enable concepts and technologies to dramatically reduce the perceived aircraft noise outside of airport boundaries. This reduction of aircraft noise is critical for enabling the anticipated large increase in future air traffic. Noise generated in the jet engine <span class="hlt">core</span>, by sources such as the compressor, combustor, and turbine, can be a significant contribution to the overall noise signature at low-power conditions, typical of approach flight. At high engine power during takeoff, jet and fan noise have traditionally dominated over <span class="hlt">core</span> noise. However, current design trends and expected technological advances in engine-cycle design as well as noise-reduction methods are likely to reduce non-<span class="hlt">core</span> noise even at engine-power points higher than approach. In addition, future low-emission combustor designs could increase</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMMR31B..07M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMMR31B..07M"><span>Sulfur- and Oyxgen(?)-Rich <span class="hlt">Cores</span> of Large Icy Satellites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McKinnon, W. B.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>S alone available to form a <span class="hlt">core</span> may have been considerable, and a picture emerges of large, relatively low-density <span class="hlt">cores</span> (a far greater proportion of "light alloying elements" than in the Earth's <span class="hlt">core</span>), and relatively iron-rich rock mantles. Ganymede, and possibly Europa, may even retain residual solid FeS in their rock mantles, depending on the tidal heating history of each. Large, dominantly <span class="hlt">fluid</span> <span class="hlt">cores</span> imply enhanced mantle tidal deformation and heating. Published models have claimed that the Galilean satellites are depleted in Fe compared to rock, and in the case of Ganymede, that it is either depleted or enhanced in Fe. Obviously Ganymede cannot be both, and detailed structural models show that the Galilean satellites can be explained in terms of solar composition, once one allows for abundant sulfur and hot (liquid) <span class="hlt">cores</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.B12B..03M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.B12B..03M"><span>Constraints on hydrocarbon and organic acid abundances in hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at the Von Damm vent field, Mid-Cayman Rise (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McDermott, J. M.; Seewald, J.; German, C. R.; Sylva, S. P.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The generation of organic compounds in vent <span class="hlt">fluids</span> has been of interest since the discovery of seafloor hydrothermal systems, due to implications for the sustenance of present-day microbial populations and their potential role in the origin of life on early Earth. Possible sources of organic compounds in hydrothermal systems include microbial production, thermogenic degradation of organic material, and abiotic synthesis. Abiotic organic synthesis reactions may occur during active circulation of seawater-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span> through the oceanic crust or within olivine-hosted <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions containing carbon-rich magmatic volatiles. H2-rich end-member <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at the Von Damm vent field on the Mid-Cayman Rise, where <span class="hlt">fluid</span> temperatures reach 226°C, provide an exciting opportunity to examine the extent of abiotic carbon transformations in a highly reducing system. Our results indicate multiple sources of carbon compounds in vent <span class="hlt">fluids</span> at Von Damm. An ultramafic-influenced hydrothermal system located on the Mount Dent oceanic <span class="hlt">core</span> complex at 2350 m depth, Von Damm vent <span class="hlt">fluids</span> contain H2, CH4, and C2+ hydrocarbons in high abundance relative to basalt-hosted vent fields, and in similar abundance to other ultramafic-hosted systems, such as Rainbow and Lost City. The CO2 content and isotopic composition in end-member <span class="hlt">fluids</span> are virtually identical to bottom seawater, suggesting that seawater DIC is unchanged during hydrothermal circulation of seawater-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Accordingly, end-member CH4 that is present in slightly greater abundance than CO2 cannot be generated from reduction of aqueous CO2 during hydrothermal circulation. We postulate that CH4 and C2+ hydrocarbons that are abundantly present in Von Damm vent <span class="hlt">fluids</span> reflect leaching of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from carbon- and H2-rich <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusions hosted in plutonic rocks. Geochemical modeling of carbon speciation in the Von Damm <span class="hlt">fluids</span> suggests that the relative abundances of CH4, C2+ hydrocarbons, and CO2 are consistent with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040171633&hterms=geodesy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dgeodesy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040171633&hterms=geodesy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dgeodesy"><span>Space Geodesy Monitoring Mass Transport in Global Geophysical <span class="hlt">Fluids</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chao, Benjamin F.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Mass transports occurring in the atmosphere-hydrosphere-cryosphere-solid Earth-<span class="hlt">core</span> system (the 'global geophysical <span class="hlt">fluids</span>') are important geophysical phenomena. They occur on all temporal and spatial scales. Examples include air mass and ocean circulations, oceanic and solid tides, hydrological water and idsnow redistribution, mantle processes such as post-glacial rebound, earthquakes and tectonic motions, and <span class="hlt">core</span> geodynamo activities. The temporal history and spatial pattern of such mass transport are often not amenable to direct observations. Space geodesy techniques, however, have proven to be an effective tool in monitorihg certain direct consequences of the mass transport, including Earth's rotation variations, gravitational field variations, and the geocenter motion. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in observing and understanding of these geodynamic effects. This paper will use several prominent examples to illustrate the triumphs in research over the past years under a 'Moore's law' in space geodesy. New space missions and projects promise to further advance our knowledge about the global mass transports. The latter contributes to our understanding of the geophysical processes that produce and regulate the mass transports, as well as of the solid Earth's response to such changes in terms of Earth's mechanical properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140016582','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140016582"><span>Generating Inviscid and Viscous <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Flow Simulations over an Aircraft Surface Using a <span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-Flow Mesh</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rodriguez, David L. (Inventor); Sturdza, Peter (Inventor)</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span>-flow simulation over a computer-generated aircraft surface is generated using inviscid and viscous simulations. A <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-flow mesh of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cells is obtained. At least one inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span> property for the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cells is determined using an inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span> simulation that does not simulate <span class="hlt">fluid</span> viscous effects. A set of intersecting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cells that intersects the aircraft surface are identified. One surface mesh polygon of the surface mesh is identified for each intersecting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cell. A boundary-layer prediction point for each identified surface mesh polygon is determined. At least one boundary-layer <span class="hlt">fluid</span> property for each boundary-layer prediction point is determined using the at least one inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span> property of the corresponding intersecting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cell and a boundary-layer simulation that simulates <span class="hlt">fluid</span> viscous effects. At least one updated <span class="hlt">fluid</span> property for at least one <span class="hlt">fluid</span> cell is determined using the at least one boundary-layer <span class="hlt">fluid</span> property and the inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span> simulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/94/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/94/"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> Research Center</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hicks, Joshua; Adrian, Betty</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Core</span> Research Center (CRC) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), located at the Denver Federal Center in Lakewood, Colo., currently houses rock <span class="hlt">core</span> from more than 8,500 boreholes representing about 1.7 million feet of rock <span class="hlt">core</span> from 35 States and cuttings from 54,000 boreholes representing 238 million feet of drilling in 28 States. Although most of the boreholes are located in the Rocky Mountain region, the geologic and geographic diversity of samples have helped the CRC become one of the largest and most heavily used public <span class="hlt">core</span> repositories in the United States. Many of the boreholes represented in the collection were drilled for energy and mineral exploration, and many of the <span class="hlt">cores</span> and cuttings were donated to the CRC by private companies in these industries. Some <span class="hlt">cores</span> and cuttings were collected by the USGS along with other government agencies. Approximately one-half of the <span class="hlt">cores</span> are slabbed and photographed. More than 18,000 thin sections and a large volume of analytical data from the <span class="hlt">cores</span> and cuttings are also accessible. A growing collection of digital images of the <span class="hlt">cores</span> are also becoming available on the CRC Web site Internet http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/crc/.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1339576-computationally-efficient-method-full-core-conjugate-heat-transfer-modeling-sodium-fast-reactors','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1339576-computationally-efficient-method-full-core-conjugate-heat-transfer-modeling-sodium-fast-reactors"><span>A computationally efficient method for full-<span class="hlt">core</span> conjugate heat transfer modeling of sodium fast reactors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Hu, Rui; Yu, Yiqi</p> <p>2016-09-08</p> <p>For efficient and accurate temperature predictions of sodium fast reactor structures, a 3-D full-<span class="hlt">core</span> conjugate heat transfer modeling capability is developed for an advanced system analysis tool, SAM. The hexagon lattice <span class="hlt">core</span> is modeled with 1-D parallel channels representing the subassembly flow, and 2-D duct walls and inter-assembly gaps. The six sides of the hexagon duct wall and near-wall coolant region are modeled separately to account for different temperatures and heat transfer between coolant flow and each side of the duct wall. The Jacobian Free Newton Krylov (JFNK) solution method is applied to solve the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and solid field simultaneouslymore » in a fully coupled fashion. The 3-D full-<span class="hlt">core</span> conjugate heat transfer modeling capability in SAM has been demonstrated by a verification test problem with 7 fuel assemblies in a hexagon lattice layout. In addition, the SAM simulation results are compared with RANS-based CFD simulations. Very good agreements have been achieved between the results of the two approaches.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFDR28010V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFDR28010V"><span>Reducing numerical costs for <span class="hlt">core</span> wide nuclear reactor CFD simulations by the Coarse-Grid-CFD</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Viellieber, Mathias; Class, Andreas G.</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>Traditionally complete nuclear reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> simulations are performed with subchannel analysis codes, that rely on experimental and empirical input. The Coarse-Grid-CFD (CGCFD) intends to replace the experimental or empirical input with CFD data. The reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> consists of repetitive flow patterns, allowing the general approach of creating a parametrized model for one segment and composing many of those to obtain the entire reactor simulation. The method is based on a detailed and well-resolved CFD simulation of one representative segment. From this simulation we extract so-called parametrized volumetric forces which close, an otherwise strongly under resolved, coarsely-meshed model of a complete reactor setup. While the formulation so far accounts for forces created internally in the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> others e.g. obstruction and flow deviation through spacers and wire wraps, still need to be accounted for if the geometric details are not represented in the coarse mesh. These are modelled with an Anisotropic Porosity Formulation (APF). This work focuses on the application of the CGCFD to a complete reactor <span class="hlt">core</span> setup and the accomplishment of the parametrization of the volumetric forces.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf"><span>43 CFR 3593.1 - <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>.... (d) When drilling on lands with potential for encountering high pressure oil, gas or geothermal... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...) EXPLORATION AND MINING OPERATIONS Bore Holes and Samples § 3593.1 <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf"><span>43 CFR 3593.1 - <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>.... (d) When drilling on lands with potential for encountering high pressure oil, gas or geothermal... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...) EXPLORATION AND MINING OPERATIONS Bore Holes and Samples § 3593.1 <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf"><span>43 CFR 3593.1 - <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>.... (d) When drilling on lands with potential for encountering high pressure oil, gas or geothermal... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...) EXPLORATION AND MINING OPERATIONS Bore Holes and Samples § 3593.1 <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title43-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title43-vol2-sec3593-1.pdf"><span>43 CFR 3593.1 - <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>.... (d) When drilling on lands with potential for encountering high pressure oil, gas or geothermal... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...) EXPLORATION AND MINING OPERATIONS Bore Holes and Samples § 3593.1 <span class="hlt">Core</span> or test hole <span class="hlt">cores</span>, samples, cuttings...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1214794H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1214794H"><span>The character and evolution of fault rocks from the Phase 3 SAFOD <span class="hlt">core</span> and potential weakening mechanisms along the San Andreas Fault</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holdsworth, Robert; van Diggelen, E. W. E.; Spiers, C. J.; de Bresser, H.; Smith, S. A. F.; Bowen, L.</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>In the region of the SAFOD borehole, the San Andreas Fault (SAF) separates two very different geological terranes referred to here as the Salinian and Great Valley blocks (SB, SVB). Whilst material was not collected from the SB-GVB terrane boundary, the <span class="hlt">cores</span> preserve a diverse range of fault rocks. Not all of these necessarily formed at the same depth, although the amount of exhumation is likely fairly limited. The distribution of deformation is asymmetric, with a broad (200m wide) intensely deformed region developed in the GVB located NE of the terrane boundary; this includes two narrow zones of active creep that have deformed the borehole casing. Microstructurally, low strain domains (most of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 1, significant parts of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 3) preserve clear protolith structures, with highly localised evidence for classic upper crustal cataclastic brittle faulting processes and associated <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow. The GVB in particular shows clear geological evidence for both <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pressure and differential stress cycling (variable modes of hydrofacture associated with faults) during seismicity. There is also evidence in all minor faults for the operation of solution-precipitation creep. High strain domains (much of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 2, parts of <span class="hlt">Core</span> 3) are characterised by the development of foliated cataclasites and gouge, with variable new growth of fine-grained, interconnected phyllosilicate networks (predominantly smectite-bearing mixed layer clays). Many of the gouges are characterised by the development of S-C fabrics and asymmetric folds. Reworking and reactivation is widespread manifested by: i) the preservation of one or more earlier generations of gouge preserved as clasts; and ii) by the development of later interconnected, polished and striated slip surfaces at low angles or sub-parallel to the foliation. These are coated with thin smectitic phyllosilicate films and are closely associated with the development of lozenge, arrow-head and triangular mineral veins (mostly calcite) precipitated</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/al1087.photos.046808p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/al1087.photos.046808p/"><span>33. BENCH <span class="hlt">CORE</span> STATION, GREY IRON FOUNDRY <span class="hlt">CORE</span> ROOM WHERE ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>33. BENCH <span class="hlt">CORE</span> STATION, GREY IRON FOUNDRY <span class="hlt">CORE</span> ROOM WHERE <span class="hlt">CORE</span> MOLDS WERE HAND FILLED AND OFTEN PNEUMATICALLY COMPRESSED WITH A HAND-HELD RAMMER BEFORE THEY WERE BAKED. - Stockham Pipe & Fittings Company, Grey Iron Foundry, 4000 Tenth Avenue North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996GApFD..82...35H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996GApFD..82...35H"><span>Influence of <span class="hlt">core</span> flows on the decade variations of the polar motion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hulot, G.; Le Huy, M.; Le Mouël, J.-L.</p> <p></p> <p>We address the possibility for the <span class="hlt">core</span> flows that generate the geomagnetic field to contribute significantly to the decade variations of the mean pole position (generally called the Markowitz wobble). This assumption is made plausible by the observation that the flow at the surface of the <span class="hlt">core</span>-estimated from the geomagnetic secular variation models-experiences important changes on this time scale. We discard the viscous and electromagnetic <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle couplings and consider only the pressure torque pf resulting from the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow overpressure acting on the non-spherical <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB) at the bottom of the mantle, and the gravity torque gf due to the density heterogeneity driving the <span class="hlt">core</span> flow. We show that forces within the <span class="hlt">core</span> balance each other on the time scale considered and, using global integrals over the <span class="hlt">core</span>, the mantle and the whole Earth, we write Euler's equation for the mantle in terms of two more useful torques Pgeo and . The "geostrophic torque", γ Pgeo incorporates γpf and part of γgf, while γ is another fraction of γgf. We recall how the geostrophic pressure pgeo, and thus γPgeo for a given topography, can be derived from the flow at the CMB and compute the motion of the mean pole from 1900 to 1990, assuming in a first approach that the unknown γ can be neglected. The amplitude of the computed pole motion is three to ten times less than the observed one and out of the phase with it. In order to estimate the possible contribution of γ we then use a second approach and consider the case in which the reference state for the Earth is assumed to be the classical axisymmetric ellipsoidal figure with an almost constant ellipticity within the <span class="hlt">core</span>. We show that (γPgeo + γ) is then equal to a pseudo-electromagnetic torque γL3, the torque exerted on the <span class="hlt">core</span> by the component of the Lorentz force along the axis of rotation (this torque exists even though the mantle is assumed insulating). This proves that, at least in this case and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910051924&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910051924&hterms=earths+outer+core&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dearths%2Bouter%2Bcore"><span>The effects of the solid inner <span class="hlt">core</span> and nonhydrostatic structure on the earth's forced nutations and earth tides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>De Vries, Dan; Wahr, John M.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>This paper computes the effects of the solid inner <span class="hlt">core</span> (IC) on the forced nutations and earth tides, and on certain of the earth's rotational normal modes. The theoretical results are extended to include the effects of a solid IC and of nonhydrostatic structure. The presence of the IC is responsible for a new, almost diurnal, prograde normal mode which involves a relative rotation between the IC and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outer <span class="hlt">core</span> about an equatorial axis. It is shown that the small size of the IC's effects on both nutations and tides is a consequence of the fact that the IC's moments of inertia are less than 1/1000 of the entire earth's.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PEPI..276..134W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PEPI..276..134W"><span>Experiments on fragmentation and thermo-chemical exchanges during planetary <span class="hlt">core</span> formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wacheul, Jean-Baptiste; Le Bars, Michael</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The initial thermo-chemical state of telluric planets was largely controlled by mixing following the collision of differentiated proto-planets. Up to now, most models of planet formation simply assume that the iron <span class="hlt">core</span> of the impactors immediately broke up to form an "iron rain" within a large-scale magma ocean, leading to the rapid equilibration of the whole metal with the whole mantle. Only recent studies have focused on resolving the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> mechanics of the problem, with the aim to define more relevant diffusion-advection models of thermal and chemical exchanges within and between the two <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Furthermore, the influence of the viscosity ratio on this dynamical process is generally neglected, whilst it is known to play a role in the breakup of the initial iron diapirs and in the shape of the resulting droplets. Here we report the results of analog laboratory experiments matching the dynamical regime of the geophysical configuration. High speed video recording allows us to describe and characterize the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> dynamics of the system, and temperature measurements allow us to quantify the diffusive exchanges integrated during the fall of the liquid metal. We find that the early representation of this flow as an iron rain is far from the experimental results. The equilibration coefficient at a given depth depends both on the initial size of the metal diapir and on the viscosity of the ambient <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, whereas the falling speed is only controlled by the initial size. Various scalings for the diffusive exchanges coming from the literature are tested. We find good agreement with the turbulent thermal model developed by Deguen et al. (2014).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872303','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872303"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> sampling tool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Garcia, Anthony R.; Johnston, Roger G.; Martinez, Ronald K.</p> <p>1999-05-25</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sampling tool for sampling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from a container. The tool has a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collecting portion which is drilled into the container wall, thereby affixing it to the wall. The tool may have a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> extracting section which withdraws <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collected by the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collecting section. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collecting section has a fluted shank with an end configured to drill a hole into a container wall. The shank has a threaded portion for tapping the borehole. The shank is threadably engaged to a cylindrical housing having an inner axial passageway sealed at one end by a septum. A flexible member having a cylindrical portion and a bulbous portion is provided. The housing can be slid into an inner axial passageway in the cylindrical portion and sealed to the flexible member. The bulbous portion has an outer lip defining an opening. The housing is clamped into the chuck of a drill, the lip of the bulbous section is pressed against a container wall until the shank touches the wall, and the user operates the drill. Wall shavings (kerf) are confined in a chamber formed in the bulbous section as it folds when the shank advances inside the container. After sufficient advancement of the shank, an o-ring makes a seal with the container wall.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6736857-core-drilling-apparatus','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6736857-core-drilling-apparatus"><span><span class="hlt">Core</span> drilling apparatus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gusman, M.T.; Konstantinov, L.P.; Malkin, B.D.</p> <p>1974-04-16</p> <p>Mounted on the exterior of a nonrotatable <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel is an end of a resilient tape, the other end of which extends inward into the barrel and is connected to a device for pulling the tape inward into the barrel. The apparatus also is provided with an arrangement which forms a sleeve from the tape as this is being pulled into the <span class="hlt">core</span> barrel. During the <span class="hlt">coring</span> operation, the tape is being pulled inward into the barrel and a sleeve is formed from the tape with the aid of the arrangement to encase and protect the <span class="hlt">core</span> from disturbance. Themore » <span class="hlt">coring</span> apparatus is intended for <span class="hlt">core</span> drilling in soft, unconsolidated, and fractured formations. (3 claims)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176139','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176139"><span>Variable flexure-based <span class="hlt">fluid</span> filter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Brown, Steve B.; Colston, Jr., Billy W.; Marshall, Graham; Wolcott, Duane</p> <p>2007-03-13</p> <p>An apparatus and method for filtering particles from a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> comprises a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet, a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet, a variable size passage between the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inlet and the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> outlet, and means for adjusting the size of the variable size passage for filtering the particles from the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. An inlet <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow stream is introduced to a fixture with a variable size passage. The size of the variable size passage is set so that the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> passes through the variable size passage but the particles do not pass through the variable size passage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130010408','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130010408"><span>Characterizing Facesheet/<span class="hlt">Core</span> Disbonding in Honeycomb <span class="hlt">Core</span> Sandwich Structure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rinker, Martin; Ratcliffe, James G.; Adams, Daniel O.; Krueger, Ronald</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Results are presented from an experimental investigation into facesheet <span class="hlt">core</span> disbonding in carbon fiber reinforced plastic/Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures using a Single Cantilever Beam test. Specimens with three, six and twelve-ply facesheets were tested. Specimens with different honeycomb <span class="hlt">cores</span> consisting of four different cell sizes were also tested, in addition to specimens with three different widths. Three different data reduction methods were employed for computing apparent fracture toughness values from the test data, namely an area method, a compliance calibration technique and a modified beam theory method. The compliance calibration and modified beam theory approaches yielded comparable apparent fracture toughness values, which were generally lower than those computed using the area method. Disbonding in the three-ply facesheet specimens took place at the facesheet/<span class="hlt">core</span> interface and yielded the lowest apparent fracture toughness values. Disbonding in the six and twelve-ply facesheet specimens took place within the <span class="hlt">core</span>, near to the facesheet/<span class="hlt">core</span> interface. Specimen width was not found to have a significant effect on apparent fracture toughness. The amount of scatter in the apparent fracture toughness data was found to increase with honeycomb <span class="hlt">core</span> cell size.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMMM..324..916S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMMM..324..916S"><span>Magnetic nanofibers with <span class="hlt">core</span> (Fe 3O 4 nanoparticle suspension)/sheath (poly ethylene terephthalate) structure fabricated by coaxial electrospinning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sung, Yun Kyung; Ahn, Byung Wook; Kang, Tae Jin</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>One-dimensional magnetic nanostructures have recently attracted much attention because of their intriguing properties that are not realized by their bulk or particle form. These nanostructures are potentially useful for the application to ultrahigh-density data storages, sensors and bulletproof vest. The magnetic particles in magnetic nanofibers of blend types cannot fully align along the external magnetic field because magnetic particles are arrested in solid polymer matrix. To improve the mobility of magnetic particles, we used magneto-rheological <span class="hlt">fluid</span> (MRF), which has the good mobility and dispersibility. Superparamagnetic <span class="hlt">core</span>/sheath composite nanofibers were obtained with MRF and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) solution via a coaxial electrospinning technique. Coaxial electrospinning is suited for fabricating <span class="hlt">core</span>/sheath nanofibers encapsulating MRF materials within a polymer sheath. The magnetic nanoparticles in MRF were dispersed within <span class="hlt">core</span> part of the nanofibers. The <span class="hlt">core</span>/sheath magnetic composite nanofibers exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and the magnetic nanoparticles in MRF well responded to an applied magnetic field. Also, the mechanical properties of the nanofiber were improved in the magnetic field. This study aimed to fabricate <span class="hlt">core</span>/sheath magnetic composite nanofibers using coaxial electrospinning and characterize the magnetic as well as mechanical properties of composite nanofibers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4592428','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4592428"><span>Automatic sequential <span class="hlt">fluid</span> handling with multilayer microfluidic sample isolated pumping</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liu, Jixiao; Fu, Hai; Yang, Tianhang; Li, Songjing</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>To sequentially handle <span class="hlt">fluids</span> is of great significance in quantitative biology, analytical chemistry, and bioassays. However, the technological options are limited when building such microfluidic sequential processing systems, and one of the encountered challenges is the need for reliable, efficient, and mass-production available microfluidic pumping methods. Herein, we present a bubble-free and pumping-control unified liquid handling method that is compatible with large-scale manufacture, termed multilayer microfluidic sample isolated pumping (mμSIP). The <span class="hlt">core</span> part of the mμSIP is the selective permeable membrane that isolates the fluidic layer from the pneumatic layer. The air diffusion from the fluidic channel network into the degassing pneumatic channel network leads to fluidic channel pressure variation, which further results in consistent bubble-free liquid pumping into the channels and the dead-end chambers. We characterize the mμSIP by comparing the fluidic actuation processes with different parameters and a flow rate range of 0.013 μl/s to 0.097 μl/s is observed in the experiments. As the proof of concept, we demonstrate an automatic sequential <span class="hlt">fluid</span> handling system aiming at digital assays and immunoassays, which further proves the unified pumping-control and suggests that the mμSIP is suitable for functional microfluidic assays with minimal operations. We believe that the mμSIP technology and demonstrated automatic sequential <span class="hlt">fluid</span> handling system would enrich the microfluidic toolbox and benefit further inventions. PMID:26487904</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DPS....4811703D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016DPS....4811703D"><span>Mercury's <span class="hlt">core</span> evolution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deproost, Marie-Hélène; Rivoldini, Attilio; Van Hoolst, Tim</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Remote sensing data of Mercury's surface by MESSENGER indicate that Mercury formed under reducing conditions. As a consequence, silicon is likely the main light element in the <span class="hlt">core</span> together with a possible small fraction of sulfur. Compared to sulfur, which does almost not partition into solid iron at Mercury's <span class="hlt">core</span> conditions and strongly decreases the melting temperature, silicon partitions almost equally well between solid and liquid iron and is not very effective at reducing the melting temperature of iron. Silicon as the major light element constituent instead of sulfur therefore implies a significantly higher <span class="hlt">core</span> liquidus temperature and a decrease in the vigor of compositional convection generated by the release of light elements upon inner <span class="hlt">core</span> formation.Due to the immiscibility in liquid Fe-Si-S at low pressure (below 15 GPa), the <span class="hlt">core</span> might also not be homogeneous and consist of an inner S-poor Fe-Si <span class="hlt">core</span> below a thinner Si-poor Fe-S layer. Here, we study the consequences of a silicon-rich <span class="hlt">core</span> and the effect of the blanketing Fe-S layer on the thermal evolution of Mercury's <span class="hlt">core</span> and on the generation of a magnetic field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H13P..06Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H13P..06Z"><span>Wettability Control on <span class="hlt">Fluid-Fluid</span> Displacements in Patterned Microfluidics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, B.; Trojer, M.; Cueto-Felgueroso, L.; Juanes, R.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Two-phase flow in porous media is important in many natural and industrial processes like geologic CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and water infiltration in soil. While it is well known that the wetting properties of porous media can vary drastically depending on the type of media and the pore <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, the effect of wettability on <span class="hlt">fluid</span> displacement continues to challenge our microscopic and macroscopic descriptions. Here we study this problem experimentally, starting with the classic experiment of two-phase flow in a capillary tube. We image the shape of the meniscus and measure the associated capillary pressure for a wide range of capillary numbers. We confirm that wettability exerts a fundamental control on meniscus deformation, and synthesize new observations on the dependence of the dynamic capillary pressure on wetting properties (contact angle) and flow conditions (viscosity contrast and capillary number). We compare our experiments to a macroscopic phase-field model of two-phase flow. We use the insights gained from the capillary tube experiments to explore the viscous fingering instability in the Hele-Shaw geometry in the partial-wetting regime. A key difference between a Hele-Shaw cell and a porous medium is the existence of micro-structures (i.e. pores and pore throats). To investigate how these micro-structrues impact <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> displacement, we conduct experiments on a planar microfluidic device patterned with vertical posts. We track the evolution of the <span class="hlt">fluid-fluid</span> interface and elucidate the impact of wetting on the cooperative nature of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> displacement during pore invasion events. We use the insights gained from the capillary tube and patterned microfluidics experiments to elucidate the effect of wetting properties on viscous fingering and capillary fingering in a Hele-Shaw cell filled with glass beads, where we observe a contact-angle-dependent stabilizing behavior for the emerging flow instabilities, as the system transitions from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154919','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154919"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> movement and <span class="hlt">fluid</span> social cognition: bodily movement influences essentialist thought.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Slepian, Michael L; Weisbuch, Max; Pauker, Kristin; Bastian, Brock; Ambady, Nalini</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Rigid social categorization can lead to negative social consequences such as stereotyping and prejudice. The authors hypothesized that bodily experiences of fluidity would promote fluidity in social-categorical thinking. Across a series of experiments, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> movements compared with nonfluid movements led to more <span class="hlt">fluid</span> lay theories of social categories, more fluidity in social categorization, and consequences of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> social-categorical thinking, decreased stereotype endorsement, and increased concern for social inequalities. The role of sensorimotor states in <span class="hlt">fluid</span> social cognition, with consequences for social judgment and behavior, is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960009405','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960009405"><span>Hydromagnetic conditions near the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Backus, George E.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>The main results of the grant were (1) finishing the manuscript of a proof of completeness of the Poincare modes in an incompressible nonviscous <span class="hlt">fluid</span> corotating with a rigid ellipsoidal boundary, (2) partial completion of a manuscript describing a definition of helicity that resolved questions in the literature about calculating the helicities of vector fields with complicated topologies, and (3) the beginning of a reexamination of the inverse problem of inferring properties of the geomagnetic field B just outside the <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle boundary (CMB) from measurements of elements of B at and above the earth's surface. This last work has led to a simple general formalism for linear and nonlinear inverse problems that appears to include all the inversion schemes so far considered for the uniqueness problem in geomagnetic inversion. The technique suggests some new methods for error estimation that form part of this report.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7946P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7946P"><span>Does serpentinite carbonation occur during recharge or discharge of hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluids</span>? A case of study from the Newfoundland margin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Picazo, Suzanne; Malvoisin, Benjamin; Baumgartner, Lukas P.; Bouvier, Anne-Sophie</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> circulation in extensional systems occurrs along the spreading axis of passive, hyper-extended margins and mid-ocean ridges. The most studied feature resulting from hydrothermal circulation is the sub-seafloor chimneys because of their accessibility. Here we focus on the less studied carbonation process of the associated serpentinites. Carbonation of partially to totally serpentinized peridotite i.e. peridotite/serpentinite replacement by carbonate is usually described as a process of veining or matrix formation but not direct replacement of serpentinite. Carbonates that crystallize in veins or as a matrix in a sedimentary setting is known in near-surface environments like Oman (Kelemen et al, 2011), however the processes and timing of carbonation are still not well understood. This study is examins in detail the onset of carbonation in the footwall of the detachment faults responsible for mantle exhumation in hyper-extended rifted margins. It is based on drilled samples from ODP Leg 210 Site 1277 in the Newfoundland margin. We observed calcite grains in the mesh <span class="hlt">core</span> replacing serpentine and we measured δ18O from <span class="hlt">core</span> to rim of the calcite grain using the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (SIMS, SwissSIMS facility, University of Lausanne). Ultimately δ18O measurements lead us to infer the temperature of calcite growth. We suplement the study with equilibrium thermodynamic modeling in an open system where <span class="hlt">fluid</span> can be transported either upwards or downwards. The model allows us determining the influence of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow direction, temperature, pressure and <span class="hlt">fluid</span>/rock ratio on the stability of carbonates and serpentine, and thus to discuss if carbonation occurs during recharge or discharge of the <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Kelemen, P. B., Matter, J., Streit, E. E., Rudge, J. F., Curry, W. B., & Blusztajn, J. (2011). Rates and mechanisms of mineral carbonation in peridotite: natural processes and recipes for enhanced, in situ CO2 capture and storage. Annual Review of</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930018610','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930018610"><span>Space Station <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management logistics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dominick, Sam M.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Viewgraphs and discussion on space station <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management logistics are presented. Topics covered include: <span class="hlt">fluid</span> management logistics - issues for Space Station Freedom evolution; current <span class="hlt">fluid</span> logistics approach; evolution of Space Station Freedom <span class="hlt">fluid</span> resupply; launch vehicle evolution; ELV logistics system approach; logistics carrier configuration; expendable <span class="hlt">fluid</span>/propellant carrier description; <span class="hlt">fluid</span> carrier design concept; logistics carrier orbital operations; carrier operations at space station; summary/status of orbital <span class="hlt">fluid</span> transfer techniques; Soviet progress tanker system; and Soviet propellant resupply system observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20860401','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20860401"><span>Metallic nanoshells with semiconductor <span class="hlt">cores</span>: optical characteristics modified by <span class="hlt">core</span> medium properties.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bardhan, Rizia; Grady, Nathaniel K; Ali, Tamer; Halas, Naomi J</p> <p>2010-10-26</p> <p>It is well-known that the geometry of a nanoshell controls the resonance frequencies of its plasmon modes; however, the properties of the <span class="hlt">core</span> material also strongly influence its optical properties. Here we report the synthesis of Au nanoshells with semiconductor <span class="hlt">cores</span> of cuprous oxide and examine their optical characteristics. This material system allows us to systematically examine the role of <span class="hlt">core</span> material on nanoshell optical properties, comparing Cu(2)O <span class="hlt">core</span> nanoshells (ε(c) ∼ 7) to lower <span class="hlt">core</span> dielectric constant SiO(2) <span class="hlt">core</span> nanoshells (ε(c) = 2) and higher dielectric constant mixed valency iron oxide nanoshells (ε(c) = 12). Increasing the <span class="hlt">core</span> dielectric constant increases nanoparticle absorption efficiency, reduces plasmon line width, and modifies plasmon energies. Modifying the <span class="hlt">core</span> medium provides an additional means of tailoring both the near- and far-field optical properties in this unique nanoparticle system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Stress+AND+academic+AND+levels+AND+learning&pg=5&id=EJ1006996','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Stress+AND+academic+AND+levels+AND+learning&pg=5&id=EJ1006996"><span>Academic Rigor: The <span class="hlt">Core</span> of the <span class="hlt">Core</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brunner, Judy</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Some educators see the Common <span class="hlt">Core</span> State Standards as reason for stress, most recognize the positive possibilities associated with them and are willing to make the professional commitment to implementing them so that academic rigor for all students will increase. But business leaders, parents, and the authors of the Common <span class="hlt">Core</span> are not the only…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MinDe..52..137L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MinDe..52..137L"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> inclusion characteristics and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology of the Qulong porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, Tibet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Yang; Selby, David; Feely, Martin; Costanzo, Alessandra; Li, Xian-Hua</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>The Qulong porphyry copper and molybdenum deposit is located at the southwest margin of the Lhasa Terrane and in the eastern region of the Gangdese magmatic belt. It represents China's largest porphyry copper system, with ˜2200 million tonnes of ore comprising 0.5 % Cu and 0.03 % Mo. The mineralization is associated with Miocene granodiorite, monzogranite and quartz-diorite units, which intruded into Jurassic volcanic units in a post-collisional (Indian-Asian) tectonic setting. Field observations and <span class="hlt">core</span> logging demonstrate the alteration and mineralization at Qulong are akin to typical porphyry copper systems in subduction settings, which comprise similar magmatic-hydrothermal, potassic, propylitic and phyllic alteration assemblages. Molybdenite Re-Os geochronology confirms the relative timeframe defined by field observations and <span class="hlt">core</span> logging and indicates that the bulk copper and molybdenum at Qulong were deposited within 350,000 years: between 16.10 ± 0.06 [0.08] (without and with decay constant uncertainty) and 15.88 ± 0.06 [0.08] Ma. This duration for mineralization is in direct contrast to a long-lived intrusive episode associated with mineralization based on previous zircon U-Pb data. Our <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion study indicates that the ore-forming <span class="hlt">fluid</span> was oxidized and contained Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mo, Cl and S. The magmatic-hydrothermal transition occurred at ˜425 °C under lithostatic pressure, while potassic, propylitic and phyllic alteration occurred at hydrostatic pressure with temperature progressively decreasing from 425 to 280 °C. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> inclusion data presented here suggests that there has been ˜2.3 km of erosion at Qulong after its formation, and this erosion may be related to regional uplift of the Lhasa Terrane.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940015888','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940015888"><span>Spiral <span class="hlt">fluid</span> separator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Robertson, Glen A. (Inventor)</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fluid</span> separator for separating particulate matter such as contaminates is provided which includes a series of spiral tubes of progressively decreasing cross sectional area connected in series. Each tube has an outlet on the outer curvature of the spiral. As <span class="hlt">fluid</span> spirals down a tube, centrifugal force acts to force the heavier particulate matter to the outer wall of the tube, where it exits through the outlet. The remaining, and now cleaner, <span class="hlt">fluid</span> reaches the next tube, which is smaller in cross sectional area, where the process is repeated. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> which comes out the final tube is diminished of particulate matter.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910013674','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910013674"><span>Obliquity histories of Earth and Mars: Influence of inertial and dissipative <span class="hlt">core</span>-mantle coupling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bills, Bruce G.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>For both the Earth and Mars, secular variations in the angular separation of the spin axis from the orbit normal are suspected of driving major climatic changes. There is considerable interest in determining the amplitude and timing of these obliquity variations. If the orientation of the orbital plane were inertially fixed, and the planet were to act as a rigid body in it response to precessional torques, the spin axis would simply precess around the orbit at a fixed obliquity and at a uniform angular rate. The precession rate parameter depends on the principal moments of inertia and rotation rate of the perturbed body, and on the gravitational masses and semiminor axes of the perturbing bodies. For Mars, the precession rate is not well known, but probably lies in the interval 8 to 10 arcsec/year. Gravitational interactions between the planets lead to secular motions of the orbit planes. In the rigid body case, the spin axis still attempts to precess about the instantaneous orbit normal, but now the obliquity varies. The hydrostatic figure of a planet represents a compromise between gravitation, which attempts to attain spherical symmetry, and rotation, which prefers cylindrical symmetry. Due to their higher mean densities the <span class="hlt">cores</span> of the Earth and Mars will be more nearly spherical than the outer layers of these planets. On short time scales it is appropriate to consider the <span class="hlt">core</span> to be an inviscid <span class="hlt">fluid</span> constrained to move with the ellipsoidal region bounded by the rigid mantle. The inertial coupling provided by this mechanism is effective whenever the ellipticicy of the container exceeds the ratio of precessional to rotational rates. If the mantle were actually rigid, this would be an extremely effective type of coupling. However, on sufficiently long time scales, the mantle will deform viscously and can accommodate the motions of the <span class="hlt">core</span> <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. A fundamentally different type of coupling is provided by electromagnetic or viscous torques. This type of coupling</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2910092','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2910092"><span>Human body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hu, Shen; Loo, Joseph A.; Wong, David T.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The focus of this article is to review the recent advances in proteome analysis of human body <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, including plasma/serum, urine, cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, nipple aspirate <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, tear <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and amniotic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, as well as its applications to human disease biomarker discovery. We aim to summarize the proteomics technologies currently used for global identification and quantification of body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteins, and elaborate the putative biomarkers discovered for a variety of human diseases through human body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome (HBFP) analysis. Some critical concerns and perspectives in this emerging field are also discussed. With the advances made in proteomics technologies, the impact of HBFP analysis in the search for clinically relevant disease biomarkers would be realized in the future. PMID:17083142</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17083142','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17083142"><span>Human body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hu, Shen; Loo, Joseph A; Wong, David T</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>The focus of this article is to review the recent advances in proteome analysis of human body <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, including plasma/serum, urine, cerebrospinal <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, synovial <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, nipple aspirate <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, tear <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, and amniotic <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, as well as its applications to human disease biomarker discovery. We aim to summarize the proteomics technologies currently used for global identification and quantification of body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteins, and elaborate the putative biomarkers discovered for a variety of human diseases through human body <span class="hlt">fluid</span> proteome (HBFP) analysis. Some critical concerns and perspectives in this emerging field are also discussed. With the advances made in proteomics technologies, the impact of HBFP analysis in the search for clinically relevant disease biomarkers would be realized in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMDI33A2607B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMDI33A2607B"><span>Inner <span class="hlt">Core</span> Structure Behind the PKP <span class="hlt">Core</span> Phase Triplication</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blom, N.; Paulssen, H.; Deuss, A. F.; Waszek, L.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Despite its small size, the Earth's inner <span class="hlt">core</span> plays an important role in the Earth's dynamics. Because it is slowly growing, its structure - and the variation thereof with depth - may reveal important clues about the history of the <span class="hlt">core</span>, its convection and the resulting geodynamo. Learning more about this structure has been a prime effort in the past decades, leading to discoveries about anisotropy, hemispheres and heterogeneity in the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> in general. In terms of detailed structure, mainly seismic body waves have contributed to these advances. However, at depths between ~100-200 km, the seismic structure is relatively poorly known. This is a result of the PKP <span class="hlt">core</span> phase triplication and the existence of strong precursors to PKP phases, whose simultaneous arrival hinders the measurement of inner <span class="hlt">core</span> waves PKIKP at epicentral distances between roughly 143-148°. As a consequence, the interpretation of deeper structure also remains difficult. To overcome these issues, we stack seismograms in slowness and time, separating PKP and PKIKP phases which arrive simultaneously, but with different slowness. We apply this method to study the inner <span class="hlt">core</span>'s Western hemisphere between South and Central America using paths travelling in the quasi-polar direction between epicentral distances of 140-150°. This enables us to measure PKiKP-PKIKP differential travel times up to greater epicentral distance than has previously been done. The resulting differential travel time residuals increase with epicentral distance, indicating a marked increase in seismic velocity with depth compared to reference model AK135 for the studied polar paths. Assuming a homogeneous outer <span class="hlt">core</span>, these findings can be explained by either (i) inner <span class="hlt">core</span> heterogeneity due to an increase in isotropic velocity, or (ii) increase in anisotropy over the studied depth range. Our current data set cannot distinguish between the two hypotheses, but in light of previous work we prefer the latter interpretation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V51E0412C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V51E0412C"><span>Trace elements in garnet reveal multiple <span class="hlt">fluid</span> pulses in eclogite, Ring Mountain, CA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cruz-Uribe, A. M.; Page, F. Z.; Lozier, E.; Feineman, M. D.; Zack, T.; Mertz-Kraus, R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Garnetite veins in a hornblende-eclogite block from Ring Mountain, CA, offer a unique opportunity to investigate the chemical composition of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interactions during mélange formation in subduction zones. Garnet occurs as matrix porphyroblasts (2-5 mm) and in 1-5 cm garnetite veins that are laterally continuous up to 10 m across the outcrop. Garnet at the vein edges is slightly larger (300-600 µm) than within the veins (5-50 µm), and records a protracted history of vein garnet growth. Major and trace element concentrations in garnet were determined using EPMA and LA-ICP-MS, respectively. Detailed rim-to-rim trace element traverses were performed using 12 µm spots at 15 µm spacing across one matrix garnet (2 mm) and three vein edge garnet grains (375-570 µm). Zoning in Mn, Ca, and rare earth elements (REE) reveal 5 distinct garnet growth zones. Zone 1, found only in matrix garnet <span class="hlt">cores</span>, is characterized by decreasing Mn and increasing Ca and is interpreted to reflect prograde zoning. Zones 2-5 are found in the mantles and rims of matrix garnet, and comprise the entirety of vein garnet. Garnet growth in Zones 2-5 is likely heavily influenced by internally- and externally-derived <span class="hlt">fluids</span>, based on texture and chemistry. One key <span class="hlt">fluid</span>-related texture of Zones 2-5 is oscillatory birefringence zoning, likely the result of incorporation of small amounts of water into the garnet structure (i.e., hydrogrossular). Zones 2 and 3 are characterized by progressive enrichment in heavy to middle REE from Zone 2 outward into Zone 3. We attribute this to diffusion-limited uptake of REE, wherein the heaviest REE are incorporated first, followed by progressively lighter REE. Zone 3 is also characterized by a high-Mn annulus that appears decoupled from the trace elements. Zone 4 is characterized by a sudden drop in Ca and enrichment in MREE, particularly Dy and Tb, possibly due to epidote breakdown. Zone 5 is characterized by strong enrichment in Mn+REE, with high-HREE and high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080012321','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080012321"><span>Sphere based <span class="hlt">fluid</span> systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Elleman, Daniel D. (Inventor); Wang, Taylor G. (Inventor)</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Systems are described for using multiple closely-packed spheres. In one system for passing <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, a multiplicity of spheres lie within a container, with all of the spheres having the same outside diameter and with the spheres being closely nested in one another to create multiple interstitial passages of a known size and configuration and smooth walls. The container has an inlet and outlet for passing <span class="hlt">fluid</span> through the interstitial passages formed between the nested spheres. The small interstitial passages can be used to filter out material, especially biological material such as cells in a <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, where the cells can be easily destroyed if passed across sharp edges. The outer surface of the spheres can contain a material that absorbs a constitutent in the flowing <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, such as a particular contamination gas, or can contain a catalyst to chemically react the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> passing therethrough, the use of multiple small spheres assuring a large area of contact of these surfaces of the spheres with the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. In a system for storing and releasing a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> such as hydrogen as a fuel, the spheres can include a hollow shell containing the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> to be stored, and located within a compressable container that can be compressed to break the shells and release the stored <span class="hlt">fluid</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6374361','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6374361"><span><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> sampling tool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Garcia, A.R.; Johnston, R.G.; Martinez, R.K.</p> <p>1999-05-25</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">fluid</span> sampling tool is described for sampling <span class="hlt">fluid</span> from a container. The tool has a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collecting portion which is drilled into the container wall, thereby affixing it to the wall. The tool may have a <span class="hlt">fluid</span> extracting section which withdraws <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collected by the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collecting section. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> collecting section has a fluted shank with an end configured to drill a hole into a container wall. The shank has a threaded portion for tapping the borehole. The shank is threadably engaged to a cylindrical housing having an inner axial passageway sealed at one end by a septum. A flexible member having a cylindrical portion and a bulbous portion is provided. The housing can be slid into an inner axial passageway in the cylindrical portion and sealed to the flexible member. The bulbous portion has an outer lip defining an opening. The housing is clamped into the chuck of a drill, the lip of the bulbous section is pressed against a container wall until the shank touches the wall, and the user operates the drill. Wall shavings (kerf) are confined in a chamber formed in the bulbous section as it folds when the shank advances inside the container. After sufficient advancement of the shank, an o-ring makes a seal with the container wall. 6 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090005965','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090005965"><span>cFE/CFS (<span class="hlt">Core</span> Flight Executive/<span class="hlt">Core</span> Flight System)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wildermann, Charles P.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This viewgraph presentation describes in detail the requirements and goals of the <span class="hlt">Core</span> Flight Executive (cFE) and the <span class="hlt">Core</span> Flight System (CFS). The <span class="hlt">Core</span> Flight Software System is a mission independent, platform-independent, Flight Software (FSW) environment integrating a reusable <span class="hlt">core</span> flight executive (cFE). The CFS goals include: 1) Reduce time to deploy high quality flight software; 2) Reduce project schedule and cost uncertainty; 3) Directly facilitate formalized software reuse; 4) Enable collaboration across organizations; 5) Simplify sustaining engineering (AKA. FSW maintenance); 6) Scale from small instruments to System of Systems; 7) Platform for advanced concepts and prototyping; and 7) Common standards and tools across the branch and NASA wide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=126411&keyword=viscosity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=126411&keyword=viscosity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>A <span class="hlt">FLUID</span> SORBENT RECYCLING DEVICE FOR INDUSTRIAL <span class="hlt">FLUID</span> USERS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>A roller compression Extractor® that extracts <span class="hlt">fluids</span> from reusable sorbent pads was evaluated as a method of waste reduction. The extraction device, evaluated for industrial <span class="hlt">fluid</span> users in New Jersey, was found to be effective in recycling unpleated sorbent pads, especially ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMDI12A..05S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMDI12A..05S"><span>Seismic Velocity Anomalies in the Outer <span class="hlt">Core</span>: The Final Frontier</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stevenson, D. J.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Variation in density along outer <span class="hlt">core</span> geoid surfaces must be very small (of order one part in a billion) since the resulting <span class="hlt">fluid</span> motions and buoyancy fluxes would otherwise be prohibitively large for any reasonable choice of outer <span class="hlt">core</span> viscosity. In any situation where seismic velocity variations are proportional to density variations (a generalized Birch's "law") this means that the resulting seismic travel time variations in the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> would be unobservable. The largest lateral variations in the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> are thus likely to arise from the distortion of geoid surfaces caused by density anomalies in the mantle or inner <span class="hlt">core</span>. However, these do not change on decadal timescales and would be very difficult to separate from the inner <span class="hlt">core</span> or mantle variations that cause them. Nonetheless, a recent study (Dai and Song, GRL, vol. 35, L16311, doi:10.1029/2008GL034895) provides evidence for time-variable outer <span class="hlt">core</span> seismic velocity at the level of ten parts per million. Assuming this is real, I argue that the best candidate explanation is that all or part of the outer <span class="hlt">core</span> is a two-phase medium consisting of a small mass fraction of small (ten or 100 micron-sized) particles of exsolving silicate material suspended in the convecting liquid. The seismic velocity of this two phase medium can vary at the desired level should the size distribution of particles vary from place to place (and with time) as one would expect in a convecting system, even though the mean density of the medium is invariant at the level of a part per billion, as required by dynamical considerations (thus invalidating Birch's "law"). The seismic velocity variation depends on the ratio of diffusion times to seismic periods, where the diffusion times are thermal or compositional for the particles or the particle spacing. This idea is not new (cf. Stevenson, JGR, 1983) but gains increased impetus from recent work on the nature of <span class="hlt">core</span> formation and the desirability of an additional energy source for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19307140','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19307140"><span>Spin echo SPI methods for quantitative analysis of <span class="hlt">fluids</span> in porous media.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Linqing; Han, Hui; Balcom, Bruce J</p> <p>2009-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Fluid</span> density imaging is highly desirable in a wide variety of porous media measurements. The SPRITE class of MRI methods has proven to be robust and general in their ability to generate density images in porous media, however the short encoding times required, with correspondingly high magnetic field gradient strengths and filter widths, and low flip angle RF pulses, yield sub-optimal S/N images, especially at low static field strength. This paper explores two implementations of pure phase encode spin echo 1D imaging, with application to a proposed new petroleum reservoir <span class="hlt">core</span> analysis measurement. In the first implementation of the pulse sequence, we modify the spin echo single point imaging (SE-SPI) technique to acquire the k-space origin data point, with a near zero evolution time, from the free induction decay (FID) following a 90 degrees excitation pulse. Subsequent k-space data points are acquired by separately phase encoding individual echoes in a multi-echo acquisition. T(2) attenuation of the echo train yields an image convolution which causes blurring. The T(2) blur effect is moderate for porous media with T(2) lifetime distributions longer than 5 ms. As a robust, high S/N, and fast 1D imaging method, this method will be highly complementary to SPRITE techniques for the quantitative analysis of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> content in porous media. In the second implementation of the SE-SPI pulse sequence, modification of the basic measurement permits fast determination of spatially resolved T(2) distributions in porous media through separately phase encoding each echo in a multi-echo CPMG pulse train. An individual T(2) weighted image may be acquired from each echo. The echo time (TE) of each T(2) weighted image may be reduced to 500 micros or less. These profiles can be fit to extract a T(2) distribution from each pixel employing a variety of standard inverse Laplace transform methods. <span class="hlt">Fluid</span> content 1D images are produced as an essential by product of determining the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022535','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022535"><span>Three-dimensional oxygen isotope imaging of convective <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flow around the Big Bonanza, Comstock lode mining district, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Criss, R.E.; Singleton, M.J.; Champion, D.E.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Oxygen isotope analyses of propylitized andesites from the Con Virginia and California mines allow construction of a detailed, three-dimensional image of the isotopic surfaces produced by the convective <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows that deposited the famous Big Bonanza orebody. On a set of intersecting maps and sections, the δ18O isopleths clearly show the intricate and conformable relationship of the orebody to a deep, ~500 m gyre of meteoric-hydrothermal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> that circulated along and above the Comstock fault, near the contact of the Davidson Granodiorite. The <span class="hlt">core</span> of this gyre (δ18O = 0 to 3.8‰) encompasses the bonanza and is almost totally surrounded by rocks having much lower δ18O values (–1.0 to –4.4‰). This deep gyre may represent a convective longitudinal roll superimposed on a large unicellular meteoric-hydrothermal system, producing a complex flow field with both radial and longitudinal components that is consistent with experimentally observed patterns of <span class="hlt">fluid</span> convection in permeable media.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6746529','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6746529"><span>Fiber optic <span class="hlt">fluid</span> detector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Angel, S.M.</p> <p>1987-02-27</p> <p>Particular gases or liquids are detected with a fiber optic element having a cladding or coating of a material which absorbs the <span class="hlt">fluid</span> or <span class="hlt">fluids</span> and which exhibits a change of an optical property, such as index of refraction, light transmissiveness or fluoresence emission, for example, in response to absorption of the <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> is sensed by directing light into the fiber optic element and detecting changes in the light, such as exit angle changes for example, that result from the changed optical property of the coating material. The <span class="hlt">fluid</span> detector may be used for such purposes as sensing toxic or explosive gases in the atmosphere, measuring ground water contamination or monitoring <span class="hlt">fluid</span> flows in industrial processes, among other uses. 10 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174735','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174735"><span>Fluorescent <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interface position sensor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Weiss, Jonathan D.</p> <p>2004-02-17</p> <p>A new <span class="hlt">fluid</span> interface position sensor has been developed, which is capable of optically determining the location of an interface between an upper <span class="hlt">fluid</span> and a lower <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, the upper <span class="hlt">fluid</span> having a larger refractive index than a lower <span class="hlt">fluid</span>. The sensor functions by measurement, of fluorescence excited by an optical pump beam which is confined within a fluorescent waveguide where that waveguide is in optical contact with the lower <span class="hlt">fluid</span>, but escapes from the fluorescent waveguide where that waveguide is in optical contact with the upper <span class="hlt">fluid</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GeoRL..28.4295B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GeoRL..28.4295B"><span>Synorogenic crustal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> infiltration in the Idaho-Montana Thrust Belt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bebout, Gray E.; Anastasio, David J.; Holl, James E.</p> <p></p> <p>Mississippian carbonates in the Sevier thrust belt in Idaho-Montana show shifts in δ18OV-SMOW, from marine carbonate values to as low as +11‰, which are best explained by exchange with externally-derived, low-δ18O <span class="hlt">fluids</span>. Late-stage, synkinematic calcite veins are depleted in 18O relative to the host-rocks and earlier-formed veins, many having δ18O of +5 to +10‰. These veins could have equilibrated with H2O with δ18O of -7.5 to +2.5‰, perhaps reflecting infiltration of the Sevier thrust wedge by nearshore meteoric waters to depths of ˜10 km. Calcite veins in the hangingwall and footwall of the Pioneer Metamorphic <span class="hlt">Core</span> Complex, produced during later Paleogene extension, have δ18O of -8.7 to +1.4‰ consistent with equilibration with meteoric waters with δ18O as low as -14‰. Transition from a Cretaceous crustal <span class="hlt">fluid</span> regime influenced by the nearby Western Interior Seaway to one influenced by lower-δ18O, more inland meteoric waters is consistent with seaway retreat during thrust wedge emergence and Paleogene uplift and subaerial volcanism.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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