75 FR 57702 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 of the Gulf...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-22

.... 010131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XZ13 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical... is reopening directed fishing for pollock in Statistical Area 630 of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This... specified for Statistical Area 630 of the GOA. [[Page 57703

77 FR 60649 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in the Herring Savings Areas of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-04

.... 111207737-2141-02] RIN 0648-XC277 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in the Herring Savings Areas of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine... INFORMATION: NMFS manages the groundfish fishery in the BSAI according to the Fishery Management Plan for...

75 FR 1723 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Chiniak Gully Research Area for Vessels...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-13

... and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Temporary rule. SUMMARY: NMFS is rescinding the trawl closure in the Chiniak Gully Research Area. This action is necessary to allow vessels using....0910091344-9056-02] RIN 0648-XT71 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Chiniak Gully Research...

Definition of Exclusion Zones Using Seismic Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartal, Y.; Villagran, M.; Ben Horin, Y.; Leonard, G.; Joswig, M.

- In verifying compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), there is a motivation to be effective, efficient and economical and to prevent abuse of the right to conduct an On-site Inspection (OSI) in the territory of a challenged State Party. In particular, it is in the interest of a State Party to avoid irrelevant search in specific areas. In this study we propose several techniques to determine `exclusion zones', which are defined as areas where an event could not have possibly occurred. All techniques are based on simple ideas of arrival time differences between seismic stations and thus are less prone to modeling errors compared to standard event location methods. The techniques proposed are: angular sector exclusion based on a tripartite micro array, half-space exclusion based on a station pair, and closed area exclusion based on circumferential networks.

75 FR 64958 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 of the Gulf...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XZ84 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical... is opening directed fishing for pollock in Statistical Area 630 of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) for 72... for Statistical Area 630 of the GOA. DATES: Effective 1200 hrs, Alaska local time (A.l.t.), October 15...

75 FR 14359 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 in the Gulf...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-25

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XV45 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical... is reopening directed fishing for pollock in Statistical Area 630 of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) for 72... (TAC) of pollock in Statistical Area 630 of the GOA. DATES: Effective 1200 hrs, Alaska local time (A.l...

75 FR 73981 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Big Skate in the Central Regulatory Area of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA066 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Big Skate in the... prohibiting retention of big skate in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is necessary because the 2010 total allowable catch (TAC) of big skate in the Central Regulatory Area of the...

78 FR 27863 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Big Skate in the Central Regulatory Area of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-13

.... 120918468-3111-02] RIN 0648-XC673 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Big Skate in the... prohibiting retention of big skate in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is necessary because the 2013 total allowable catch of big skate in the Central Regulatory Area of the GOA has...

77 FR 75399 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Big Skate in the Central Regulatory Area of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-20

.... 111207737-2141-02] RIN 0648-XC405 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Big Skate in the... prohibiting retention of big skate in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is necessary because the 2012 total allowable catch of big skate in the Central Regulatory Area of the GOA has...

Forest protected areas governance in Zimbabwe: Shift needed away from a long history of local community exclusion.

PubMed

Mutekwa, V T; Gambiza, J

2017-08-01

In this literature review based paper we explored the concept of exclusion of local communities from accessing resources in forest protected areas (FPAs) in Zimbabwe. We discussed the colonial and post-colonial forms, causes and mechanisms of exclusion and their social, economic and ecological outcomes. We examined the range of powers embodied in and exercised through various mechanisms, processes and social relations and their impact on local communities' access to FPA resources and associated benefits along the historical trajectory of forest governance in Zimbabwe. Results showed that the forms and extent of exclusion changed over time in tandem with the shifting political and economic landscape. During the colonial period, it was total exclusion whereby people were evicted from forest land as well as being denied access to basic resources for their livelihoods. Local communities' access to low value FPA resources improved during the post-colonial period but access to high value resources like commercial timber as well as sharing income benefits derived from FPA commercial activities remained a pipe dream. Regulation, legitimation, force and markets constituted the mixture of the power elements that FPA governing authorities used to exclude local communities. These powers remained intact despite attempts at collaborative governance in the 1990s. However, from the year 2000, local communities expressed their dissatisfaction with the centralised exclusionary governance system by invading the FPAs rendering them ungovernable. There is therefore a need for policy reform within the FPA sector to improve the current dire situation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exclusive breastfeeding in Vietnam: an attainable goal.

PubMed

Almroth, Stina; Arts, Maaike; Quang, Nguyen Dinh; Hoa, Pham Thi Thuy; Williams, Carol

2008-08-01

To explore community views on the feasibility of exclusive breastfeeding in Vietnam. A total of 118 interviews were conducted with mothers, grandmothers, fathers, health workers and 'oldest women' in rural and urban areas in the north and south of Vietnam. Special issues were further examined through 12 'strategic interviews'. Exclusive breastfeeding was rare because it was poorly understood and little appreciated, by health professionals as well as lay persons, as the best way to feed an infant during the first 6 months. Early fluid supplementation was the rule and most infants received water and milk in addition to breast milk. While a majority of the women worked, they had found ways to manage their work so that it did not need to interfere with exclusive breastfeeding. Family members expressed a readiness to support exclusive breastfeeding when it was explained to them. Exclusive breastfeeding in Vietnam, while currently uncommon, is an attainable goal. Establishing exclusive breastfeeding as the norm in the general population would make it easier for HIV-infected women, for whom replacement feeding is not acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, to breastfeed exclusively.

37 CFR 404.7 - Exclusive, co-exclusive and partially exclusive licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... period, the Federal agency has determined that; (A) The public will be served by the granting of the... practical application or otherwise promote the invention's utilization by the public. (B) Exclusive, co... promote the invention's utilization by the public; and (C) The proposed scope of exclusivity is not...

Measuring social exclusion in healthcare settings: a scoping review.

PubMed

O'Donnell, Patrick; O'Donovan, Diarmuid; Elmusharaf, Khalifa

2018-02-02

Social exclusion is a concept that has been widely debated in recent years; a particular focus of the discussion has been its significance in relation to health. The meanings of the phrase "social exclusion", and the closely associated term "social inclusion", are contested in the literature. Both of these concepts are important in relation to health and the area of primary healthcare in particular. Thus, several tools for the measurement of social exclusion or social inclusion status in health care settings have been developed. A scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted to examine tools developed since 2000 that measure social exclusion or social inclusion. We focused on those measurement tools developed for use with individual patients in healthcare settings. Efforts were made to obtain a copy of each of the original tools, and all relevant background literature. All tools retrieved were compared in tables, and the specific domains that were included in each measure were tabulated. Twenty-two measurement tools were included in the final scoping review. The majority of these had been specifically developed for the measurement of social inclusion or social exclusion, but a small number were created for the measurement of other closely aligned concepts. The majority of the tools included were constructed for engaging with patients in mental health settings. The tools varied greatly in their design, the scoring systems and the ways they were administered. The domains covered by these tools varied widely and some of the tools were quite narrow in the areas of focus. A review of the definitions of both social inclusion and social exclusion also revealed the variations among the explanations of these complex concepts. There are several definitions of both social inclusion and social exclusion in use and they differ greatly in scope. While there are many tools that have been developed for measuring these concepts in healthcare settings, these

Social exclusion and people with intellectual disabilities: a rural-urban comparison.

PubMed

Nicholson, L; Cooper, S-A

2013-04-01

Research suggests that social exclusion is a problem both for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and for people living in rural areas. This may give rise to a double disadvantage for people with ID living in rural areas. Conversely, aspects of rural life such as community spirit and social support may protect against social exclusion in this population. This study was designed to compare a number of measures of social exclusion in adults with ID living in rural and urban areas, with the aim of identifying whether a double disadvantage exists. Adults with ID were recruited from a rural and an urban area in Scotland. Participants participated in a face-to-face interview and their medical notes were accessed. Social exclusion was investigated using a number of measures comprising: daytime opportunities and physical access to community facilities (using part of the British Institute of Learning Disabilities questionnaire), recent contact with others and the quality of personal relationships (using a modified Interview Measure of Social Relationships questionnaire) and area deprivation by postcode (using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation). The data were analysed using a series of binary logistic regression models that adjusted for variables including age, gender, level of ID, mental illhealth and common physical co-morbidities. A representative sample of adults with ID from rural (n = 39) and urban (n = 633) areas participated. Participants from rural areas were significantly more likely to have any regular daytime opportunity [odds ratio (OR) = 10.8, 95% CI = 2.3-51.5] including employment (OR = 22.1, 95% CI = 5.7-85.5) and attending resource centres (OR = 6.7, 95% CI = 2.6-17.2) than were participants from urban areas. They were also more likely to have been on holiday (OR = 17.8, 95% CI = 4.9-60.1); however, were less likely to use community facilities on a regular basis. Participants from urban and rural areas had a similar number of contacts with

[Atopic dermatitis and prolonged exclusive breast-feeding].

PubMed

Amri, M; Elhani, I; Doussari, S; Amir, A

2012-04-01

We sought to compare the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding throughout at least the first 6 months of life in patients presenting atopic dermatitis (AD) with a control group, and to check for a correlation between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the severity of AD. We conducted a case-control study with prospective inclusion over a period of 3 years. The study group consisted of 114 patients aged less than 15 years, from an urban area, presenting AD but with no personal or family history of atopy. Each patient was compared with two controls from the same town, matched for age and gender, with no personal or family history of atopy, and free of AD. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software package, version 15.0. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months of life in the patient group was significantly lower than in the control group (P=0.0413). On the other hand, AD was significantly less severe in patients exclusively breastfed for longer than 9 months (P=0.0079). The correlations recorded in our study do not allow us to draw any definite conclusions about a protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding with regard to AD. However, other benefits of extended exclusive breastfeeding justify supporting breastfeeding in a community with an existing sociocultural predisposition for this feeding method. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Guidelines for exclusive.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

The objective of this research was to develop guidelines for the use of exclusive/permissive left-turn signal phasing. This was achieved by collecting data on traffic and roadway conditions for exclusive, exclusive/permissive, and permissive left-tur...

Search for exclusive or semi-exclusive γγ production and observation of exclusive and semi-exclusive e +e - production in pp collisions at $$ \\sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.

A search for exclusive or semi-exclusive photon pair production, pp to p(*) + photon pair + p(*) (where p(*) stands for a diffractively-dissociated proton), and the observation of exclusive and semi-exclusive electron pair production, pp to p(*) + ee + p(*), in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, are presented. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC at low instantaneous luminosities. Candidate photon pair or electron pair events are selected by requiring the presence of two photons or a positron andmore » an electron, each with transverse energy ET > 5.5 GeV and pseudorapidity abs(eta) < 2.5, and no other particles in the region abs(eta) < 5.2. No exclusive or semi-exclusive diphoton candidates are found in the data. An upper limit on the cross section for the reaction pp to p(*) + photon pair + p(*), within the above kinematic selections, is set at 1.18 pb at 95% confidence level. Seventeen exclusive or semi-exclusive dielectron candidates are observed, with an estimated background of 0.85 +/- 0.28 (stat.) events, in agreement with the QED-based prediction of 16.3 +/- 1.3 (syst.) events.« less

Exclusive breast-feeding is rarely practised in rural and urban Morogoro, Tanzania.

PubMed

Shirima, R; Greiner, T; Kylberg, E; Gebre-Medhin, M

2001-04-01

To investigate and compare feeding practices among infants of less than 7 months of age in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania. Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers and focus group discussions with extension workers and community leaders. Eleven villages in a rural district and 10 wards in an urban district in the Morogoro region, Tanzania, west of Dar es Salaam. Probability samples of mothers with infants of less than 7 months of age from each area). Exclusive breast-feeding was rarely practised in either the rural or urban areas investigated. However, the urban mothers initiated breast-feeding earlier, discarded colostrum less frequently, breast-fed exclusively for a longer period, gave breast milk as the first feed more often and delayed the introduction of solid foods for longer than their rural counterparts. The rural mothers, on the other hand, breast-fed their previous infants slightly longer than the urban mothers. The better performance of urban mothers could be partly due to sustained breast-feeding support in hospital settings and other campaigns which may not have reached the rural areas. In both the rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast-feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in the case of the urban areas, to protect extended breast-feeding.

Exclusions for resolving urban badger damage problems: outcomes and consequences.

PubMed

Ward, Alastair I; Finney, Jason K; Beatham, Sarah E; Delahay, Richard J; Robertson, Peter A; Cowan, David P

2016-01-01

Increasing urbanisation and growth of many wild animal populations can result in a greater frequency of human-wildlife conflicts. However, traditional lethal methods of wildlife control are becoming less favoured than non-lethal approaches, particularly when problems involve charismatic species in urban areas. Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles ) excavate subterranean burrow systems (setts), which can become large and complex. Larger setts within which breeding takes place and that are in constant use are known as main setts. Smaller, less frequently occupied setts may also exist within the social group's range. When setts are excavated in urban environments they can undermine built structures and can limit or prevent safe use of the area by people. The most common approach to resolving these problems in the UK is to exclude badgers from the problem sett, but exclusions suffer a variable success rate. We studied 32 lawful cases of badger exclusions using one-way gates throughout England to evaluate conditions under which attempts to exclude badgers from their setts in urban environments were successful. We aimed to identify ways of modifying practices to improve the chances of success. Twenty of the 32 exclusion attempts were successful, but success was significantly less likely if a main sett was to be excluded in comparison with another type of sett and if vegetation was not completely removed from the sett surface prior to exclusion attempts. We recommend that during exclusions all vegetation is removed from the site, regardless of what type of sett is involved, and that successful exclusion of badgers from a main sett might require substantially more effort than other types of sett.

Intervention to promote exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of life in a high HIV prevalence area.

PubMed

Bland, Ruth M; Little, Kirsty E; Coovadia, Hoosen M; Coutsoudis, Anna; Rollins, Nigel C; Newell, Marie-Louise

2008-04-23

We report on a nonrandomized intervention cohort study to increase exclusive breast-feeding rates for 6 months after delivery in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Lay counselors visited women to support exclusive breast-feeding: four times antenatally, four times in the first 2 weeks postpartum and then fortnightly to 6 months. Daily feeding practices were collected at weekly intervals by separate field workers. Cumulative exclusive breast-feeding rates from birth were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and association with maternal and infant variables was quantified in a Cox regression analysis. One thousand, two hundred and nineteen infants of HIV-negative and 1217 infants of HIV-positive women were followed postnatally. Median duration of exclusive breast-feeding was 177 (R = 1-180; interquartile range: 150-180) and 175 days (R = 1-180; interquartile range: 137-180) in HIV-negative and HIV-positive women, respectively. Using 24-h recall, exclusive breast-feeding rates at 3 and 5 months were 83.1 and 76.5%, respectively, in HIV-negative women and 72.5 and 66.7%, respectively, in HIV-positive women. Using the most stringent cumulative data, 45% of HIV-negative and 40% of HIV-positive women adhered to exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months. Counseling visits were strongly associated with adherence to cumulative exclusive breast-feeding at 4 months, those who had received the scheduled number of visits were more than twice as likely to still be exclusively breast-feeding than those who had not (HIV-negative women: adjusted odds ratio: 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.56-2.74, P < 0.0001; HIV-positive women: adjusted odds ratio: 2.86, 95% CI 2.13-3.83, P < 0.0001). It is feasible to promote and sustain exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, with home support from well trained lay counselors.

GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paskevich, Valerie F.; Wong, Florence L.; O'Malley, John J.; Stevenson, Andrew J.; Gutmacher, Christina E.

2011-01-01

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed a Proclamation establishing the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the United States extending its territory 200 nautical miles from the coasts of the United States, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and other U.S. territories and possessions. The charter of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) places the primary responsibility for mapping the territories of the United States within the USGS. Upon declaration of the EEZ, the territory of the United States was enlarged by more than 13 million square kilometers, all of which are under water. The USGS EEZ-SCAN program to systematically map the EEZ began in 1984 and continued through 1991. This digital publication contains all the GLORIA sidescan imagery of the deep-water (greater than 200 meters) portion of the EEZ mapped during those 8 years of data collection. For each EEZ area, we describe the data collection surveys and provide downloads of the GLORIA data and metadata.

Social exclusion in finite populations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Kun; Cong, Rui; Wu, Te; Wang, Long

2015-04-01

Social exclusion, keeping free riders from benefit sharing, plays an important role in sustaining cooperation in our world. Here we propose two different exclusion regimes, namely, peer exclusion and pool exclusion, to investigate the evolution of social exclusion in finite populations. In the peer exclusion regime, each excluder expels all the defectors independently, and thus bears the total cost on his own, while in the pool exclusion regime, excluders spontaneously form an institution to carry out rejection of the free riders, and each excluder shares the cost equally. In a public goods game containing only excluders and defectors, it is found that peer excluders outperform pool excluders if the exclusion costs are small, and the situation is converse once the exclusion costs exceed some critical points, which holds true for all the selection intensities and different update rules. Moreover, excluders can dominate the whole population under a suitable parameters range in the presence of second-order free riders (cooperators), showing that exclusion has prominent advantages over common costly punishment. More importantly, our finding indicates that the group exclusion mechanism helps the cooperative union to survive under unfavorable conditions. Our results may give some insights into better understanding the prevalence of such a strategy in the real world and its significance in sustaining cooperation.

47 CFR 76.103 - Parties entitled to syndicated exclusivity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... (b) Distributors of syndicated programming shall be entitled to exercise exclusive rights pursuant to § 76.101 for a period of one year from the initial broadcast syndication licensing of such programming... rights in areas in which the programming has already been licensed. ...

Moral judgments and emotions in contexts of peer exclusion and victimization.

PubMed

Killen, Melanie; Malti, Tina

2015-01-01

Morality is at the core of social development. How individuals treat one another, develop a sense of obligation toward others regarding equality and equity, and understand the emotions experienced by victims and victimizers, are essential ingredients for healthy development, and for creating a just and civil society. In this chapter, we review research on two forms of social exclusion, intergroup exclusion and interpersonal victimization, from a moral development perspective, identifying distinctions as well as areas of overlap and intersections. Intergroup exclusion (defined as exclusion based on group membership, such as gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality) is most often analyzed at the group level in contrast to interpersonal victimization (defined as the repeated infliction of physical and psychological harm on another) which is most often analyzed at the individual level. In this chapter, we assert that research needs to examine both group-level and individual-level factors for intergroup and interpersonal exclusion and that moral development provides an important framework for investigating these phenomena. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

78 FR 73454 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Central...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-06

... in the Gulf of Alaska exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish.... 120918468-3111-02] RIN 0648-XC976 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska Management Area AGENCY: National Marine...

78 FR 55228 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-10

... in the Gulf of Alaska exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish.... 120918468-3111-02] RIN 0648-XC856 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska Management Area AGENCY: National Marine...

Immediate and delayed neuroendocrine responses to social exclusion in males and females.

PubMed

Radke, S; Seidel, E M; Boubela, R N; Thaler, H; Metzler, H; Kryspin-Exner, I; Moser, E; Habel, U; Derntl, B

2018-07-01

Social exclusion is a complex phenomenon, with wide-ranging immediate and delayed effects on well-being, hormone levels, brain activation and motivational behavior. Building upon previous work, the current fMRI study investigated affective, endocrine and neural responses to social exclusion in a more naturalistic Cyberball task in 40 males and 40 females. As expected, social exclusion elicited well-documented affective and neural responses, i.e., increased anger and distress, as well as increased exclusion-related activation of the anterior insula, the posterior-medial frontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cortisol and testosterone decreased over the course of the experiment, whereas progesterone showed no changes. Hormone levels were not correlated with subjective affect, but they were related to exclusion-induced neural responses. Exclusion-related activation in frontal areas was associated with decreases in cortisol and increases in testosterone until recovery. Given that results were largely independent of sex, the current findings have important implications regarding between-sex vs. within-sex variations and the conceptualization of state vs. trait neuroendocrine functions in social neuroscience. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Social Exclusion and People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Rural-Urban Comparison

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicholson, L.; Cooper, S.-A.

2013-01-01

Background: Research suggests that social exclusion is a problem both for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and for people living in rural areas. This may give rise to a double disadvantage for people with ID living in rural areas. Conversely, aspects of rural life such as community spirit and social support may protect against social…

Theta signal as the neural signature of social exclusion.

PubMed

Cristofori, Irene; Moretti, Laura; Harquel, Sylvain; Posada, Andres; Deiana, Gianluca; Isnard, Jean; Mauguière, François; Sirigu, Angela

2013-10-01

The feeling of being excluded from a social interaction triggers social pain, a sensation as intense as actual physical pain. Little is known about the neurophysiological underpinnings of social pain. We addressed this issue using intracranial electroencephalography in 15 patients performing a ball game where inclusion and exclusion blocks were alternated. Time-frequency analyses showed an increase in power of theta-band oscillations during exclusion in the anterior insula (AI) and posterior insula, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC), and the fusiform "face area" (FFA). Interestingly, the AI showed an initial fast response to exclusion but the signal rapidly faded out. Activity in the sACC gradually increased and remained significant thereafter. This suggests that the AI may signal social pain by detecting emotional distress caused by the exclusion, whereas the sACC may be linked to the learning aspects of social pain. Theta activity in the FFA was time-locked to the observation of a player poised to exclude the participant, suggesting that the FFA encodes the social value of faces. Taken together, our findings suggest that theta activity represents the neural signature of social pain. The time course of this signal varies across regions important for processing emotional features linked to social information.

42 CFR 1002.213 - Appeals of exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Appeals of exclusions. 1002.213 Section 1002.213... AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-STATE-INITIATED EXCLUSIONS FROM MEDICAID Permissive Exclusions § 1002.213 Appeals of exclusions. Before imposing an exclusion under § 1002.210, the State agency must give the...

75 FR 43118 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Gulf of Alaska License Limitation Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-23

.... 0912021424-0287-02] RIN 0648-AY42 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Gulf of Alaska License... the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area (BSAI) and... license, including poor economic conditions in groundfish fisheries, [[Page 43120

Seed rain dynamics following disturbance exclusion in a secondary tropical dry forest in Morelos, Mexico.

PubMed

Ceccon, Eliane; Hernández, Patricia

2009-01-01

In most of the legally protected areas in Mexico local inhabitants use natural resources, such as fire wood or cattle grazing. These frequent but low-intensity disturbances have consequences at various levels of the tropical ecosystems and strongly impact forest structure and its regeneration capacity. Despite their importance, the effects of these perturbations in many aspects of tropical forest ecology and in the forest's capacity to recover after disturbance exclusion remain poorly understood. Understanding the impact of these processes on tropical forests is necessary for rehabilitating these forests and enhancing their productivity. In this study, we evaluate the impact of twelve years of exclusion (E) of cattle grazing and fire wood extraction in the composition and dynamics of seed rain, and compare this assessment to a similar analysis in an area where these perturbations continued (without exclusion, WE). We found a strong seasonality in seed rain (96% of seeds fell in the dry season) in both areas. There were no significant differences between E and WE sites in relation to overall seed density, species richness and diversity. However, the distribution along the year of seed species density was significantly different among the E and WE sites. The Jaccard's similarity index between E and WE sites was relatively low (0.57). Barochory was the most common dispersal mode observed among the 23 species in terms of seed species density (48%), followed by anemochory (39%) and zoochory (13%). In relation to seed density, anemochory was the most frequent dispersal mode (88%). Most species in the zone were categorized as small seeds (92%), and there were no significant differences in the distribution of seed size between E and WE. The spatial pattern of dispersal of the four species with the highest relative importance value index, in both areas, was aggregated. Twelve years of disturbance exclusion were not enough to fully restore the seed rain of the area; some

77 FR 34853 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod for American Fisheries Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... in the BSAI exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC064 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod for... Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

Prevalence and factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding in Rajavithi Hospital.

PubMed

Plewma, Phawinee

2013-03-01

The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding after 2,4, and 6 months in Rajavithi Hospital. The present study evaluated the factors associated with discontinuing breast-feeding before the first two months of life in order to target early nursing interventions to encourage and support continued breast-feeding and increase the exclusive breast-feeding rate. From September 2010 to May 2011, mothers were interviewed prior to hospital discharge from the maternity ward and follow-up phone calls were made after 2,4 and 6 months postpartum. The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding after 2, 4 and 6 months was 57.9% (252 out of 435), 32.0% (139 out of 435) and 4.8% (21 out of435) respectively. At 2 months postpartum, multivariate analysis was carried out to identify whether maternal obesity and breast-feeding intervals of more than 3 hours had a statistically significant association with cessation of breast-feeding. The most common reason for cessation of exclusive breast-feeding by mothers was their return to work. The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding at 2, 4, and 6 months was 57.9%, 32.0% and 4.8%, respectively. Maternal obesity, and maternal breast-feeding for intervals of more than 3 hours prior to hospital discharge were risk factors of early breast-feeding cessation at 2 months postpartum. This is an area on which we would target nursing interventions to prevent early unintended weaning.

Managing Conflict between Bats and Humans: The Response of Soprano Pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) to Exclusion from Roosts in Houses.

PubMed

Stone, Emma; Zeale, Matt R K; Newson, Stuart E; Browne, William J; Harris, Stephen; Jones, Gareth

2015-01-01

Conflict can arise when bats roost in human dwellings and householders are affected adversely by their presence. In the United Kingdom, the exclusion of bats from roosts can be licensed under exceptional circumstances to alleviate conflict, but the fate of excluded bats and the impact on their survival and reproduction is not well understood. Using radio-tracking, we investigated the effects of exclusion on the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus, a species that commonly roosts in buildings in Europe. Exclusions were performed under licence at five roosts in England in spring, when females were in the early stages of pregnancy. Following exclusion, all bats found alternative roosts and colonies congregated in nearby known roosts that had been used by radio-tagged bats prior to exclusion. We found no difference in roosting behaviour before and after exclusion. Both the frequency of roost switching and the type of roosts used by bats remained unchanged. We also found no change in foraging behaviour. Bats foraged in the same areas, travelled similar distances to reach foraging areas and showed similar patterns of habitat selection before and after exclusion. Population modelling suggested that any reduction in survival following exclusion could have a negative impact on population growth, whereas a reduction in productivity would have less effect. While the number of soprano pipistrelle exclusions currently licensed each year is likely to have little effect on local populations, the cumulative impacts of licensing the destruction of large numbers of roosts may be of concern.

Exclusion and Education in South Africa: An Education Law Perspective of Emerging Alternative Understandings of Exclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beckmann, Johan

2016-01-01

The new democratic dispensation in South Africa (1994) was accompanied by law and policy aimed at preventing unfair exclusion from educational opportunities and promoting equal access to educational opportunities. However, feelings of unfair exclusion remain and new understandings of exclusion are emerging. This paper examines the new policy and…

RELIGIOUS EXCLUSIVITY AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING.

PubMed

Gegelashvili, M; Meca, A; Schwartz, S J

2015-01-01

In the present study we sought to clarify links between religious exclusivity, as form of intergroup favoritism, and indices of psychosocial functioning. The study of in group favoritism has generally been invoked within Social Identity Theory and related perspectives. However, there is a lack of literature regarding religious exclusivity from the standpoint of social identity. In particular, the ways in which religious exclusivity is linked with other dimensions of religious belief and practice, and with psychosocial functioning, among individuals from different religious backgrounds are not well understood. A sample of 8545 emerging-adult students from 30 U.S. universities completed special measures. Measure of religious exclusivity was developed and validated for this group. The results suggest that exclusivity appears as predictor for impaired psychosocial functioning, low self-esteem and low psychosocial well-being for individuals from organized faiths, as well as for those identifying as agnostic, atheist, or spiritual/nonreligious. These findings are discussed in terms of Social Identity Theory and Terror Management Theory (TMT).

Exclusive Breastfeeding Rate and Complementary Feeding Indicators in China: A National Representative Survey in 2013.

PubMed

Duan, Yifan; Yang, Zhenyu; Lai, Jianqiang; Yu, Dongmei; Chang, Suying; Pang, Xuehong; Jiang, Shan; Zhang, Huanmei; Bi, Ye; Wang, Jie; Scherpbier, Robert W; Zhao, Liyun; Yin, Shian

2018-02-22

Appropriate infant and young child feeding could reduce morbidity and mortality and could improve cognitive development of children. However, nationwide data on exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding status in China are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess current exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding status in China. A national representative survey (Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey) of children aged under 6 years was done in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling was used to select study participants. World Health Organization (WHO) infant and young child feeding indicators were firstly used to assess exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice nationwide. In total, 14,458 children aged under two years (0 to <730 days) were studied from 55 counties in 30 provinces in China. The crude exclusive breastfeeding rate under 6 months was 20.7% (908/4381) and the weighted exclusive breastfeeding rate was 18.6%. The crude prevalence of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet were 52.5% (5286/10,071), 69.8% (7027/10,071), and 27.4% (2764/10,071) among children aged 6-23 months, respectively. The weighted rate was 53.7%, 69.1%, and 25.1%, respectively. Residential area, household income and maternal education were positively associated with the three complementary feeding indicators. The exclusive breastfeeding rate under 6 months was low and complementary feeding practice was not optimal in China. Residential area, household income and maternal education might be used to target infants and young children to improve complementary feeding practice.

Exclusive Breastfeeding Rate and Complementary Feeding Indicators in China: A National Representative Survey in 2013

PubMed Central

Duan, Yifan; Yang, Zhenyu; Lai, Jianqiang; Yu, Dongmei; Chang, Suying; Pang, Xuehong; Jiang, Shan; Zhang, Huanmei; Bi, Ye; Wang, Jie; Scherpbier, Robert W.; Zhao, Liyun; Yin, Shian

2018-01-01

Appropriate infant and young child feeding could reduce morbidity and mortality and could improve cognitive development of children. However, nationwide data on exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding status in China are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess current exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding status in China. A national representative survey (Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey) of children aged under 6 years was done in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling was used to select study participants. World Health Organization (WHO) infant and young child feeding indicators were firstly used to assess exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice nationwide. In total, 14,458 children aged under two years (0 to <730 days) were studied from 55 counties in 30 provinces in China. The crude exclusive breastfeeding rate under 6 months was 20.7% (908/4381) and the weighted exclusive breastfeeding rate was 18.6%. The crude prevalence of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet were 52.5% (5286/10,071), 69.8% (7027/10,071), and 27.4% (2764/10,071) among children aged 6–23 months, respectively. The weighted rate was 53.7%, 69.1%, and 25.1%, respectively. Residential area, household income and maternal education were positively associated with the three complementary feeding indicators. The exclusive breastfeeding rate under 6 months was low and complementary feeding practice was not optimal in China. Residential area, household income and maternal education might be used to target infants and young children to improve complementary feeding practice. PMID:29470415

Exclusion of solar UV radiation improves photosynthetic performance and yield of wheat varieties.

PubMed

Kataria, Sunita; Guruprasad, K N

2015-12-01

Field studies were conducted to determine the potential for alterations in photosynthetic performance and grain yield of four wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties of India- Vidisha, Purna, Swarna and Naveen Chandausi by ambient ultraviolet radiation (UV). The plants were grown in specially designed UV exclusion chambers, wrapped with filters that excluded UV-B (<315 nm), UV-A/B (<400 nm) or transmitted ambient UV or lacked filters. The results indicated that solar UV exclusion increased the leaf mass per area ratio, leaf weight ratio and chlorophylls per unit area of flag leaves in all the four varieties of wheat. Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transients from the flag leaves of UV excluded wheat plants gave a higher fluorescence yield. Exclusion of solar UV significantly enhanced photosynthetic performance as a consequence of increased efficiency of PS II, performance index (PIABS) and rate of photosynthesis in the flag leaves of wheat varieties along with a remarkable increase in carbonic anhydrase, Rubisco and nitrate reductase activities. This additional fixation of carbon and nitrogen by exclusion of UV was channelized towards the improvement in grain yield of wheat varieties as there was a decrease in the UV-B absorbing substances and an increase in soluble protein content in flag leaves of all the four varieties of wheat. The magnitude of response for UV exclusion for all the measured parameters was higher in two varieties of wheat Vidisha and Purna as compared to Swarna and Naveen Chandausi. Cumulative stress response index (CSRI) for each variety was developed from the cumulative sum of physiological and yield parameters such as leaf mass area ratio of flag leaf, total chlorophyll content, performance index at absorption basis, rate of photosynthesis and grain yield. All the varieties had a negative CSRI, demonstrating a negative impact of ambient UV radiation. Naveen Chandausi and Swarna are less sensitive to ambient UV radiation; Vidisha is more

Aluminum exclusion and aluminum tolerance in woody plants.

PubMed

Brunner, Ivano; Sperisen, Christoph

2013-01-01

The aluminum (Al) cation Al(3) (+) is highly rhizotoxic and is a major stress factor to plants on acid soils, which cover large areas of tropical and boreal regions. Many woody plant species are native to acid soils and are well adapted to high Al(3) (+) conditions. In tropical regions, both woody Al accumulator and non-Al accumulator plants occur, whereas in boreal regions woody plants are non-Al accumulators. The mechanisms of these adaptations can be divided into those that facilitate the exclusion of Al(3) (+) from root cells (exclusion mechanisms) and those that enable plants to tolerate Al(3) (+) once it has entered the root and shoot symplast (internal tolerance mechanisms). The biochemical and molecular basis of these mechanisms have been intensively studied in several crop plants and the model plant Arabidopsis. In this review, we examine the current understanding of Al(3) (+) exclusion and tolerance mechanisms from woody plants. In addition, we discuss the ecology of woody non-Al accumulator and Al accumulator plants, and present examples of Al(3) (+) adaptations in woody plant populations. This paper complements previous reviews focusing on crop plants and provides insights into evolutionary processes operating in plant communities that are widespread on acid soils.

36 CFR 907.10 - Categorical exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and environmental assessments. (c) Changes to the list of categorical exclusion. (1) The PADC List of... ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY § 907.10 Categorical exclusion. The CEQ Regulations provide for the categorical exclusion... human environment. Therefore, neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement...

36 CFR 907.10 - Categorical exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Categorical exclusion. 907.10 Section 907.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY § 907.10 Categorical exclusion. The CEQ Regulations provide for the categorical exclusion...

42 CFR 1002.203 - Mandatory exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mandatory exclusion. 1002.203 Section 1002.203 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-STATE-INITIATED EXCLUSIONS FROM MEDICAID Mandatory Exclusion § 1002.203...

Nano-fabricated size exclusion chromatograph

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Svehla, D.; Feldman, S.; Feldman, J.; Grunthaner, F.; Shakkottai, P.; Castillo, L. del; White, V.

2002-01-01

This paper describes the development of a nano-fabricated size exclusion chromatograph (nSEC) based on the principle that molecules traveling through amicrocolumn containing nano-fabricated features will have characteristic elution times that directly correlate to molecular weight. Compared to conventional size exclusion chromatography, the nSEC offers greater control over the size exclusion process; mass fabrication; integration of the separation column with associated valves, pumps, and detectors; and dramatic reductions in instrument mass and power requirements.

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

PubMed

Kramer, Michael S; Kakuma, Ritsuko

2012-08-15

Although the health benefits of breastfeeding are widely acknowledged, opinions and recommendations are strongly divided on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Since 2001, the World Health Organization has recommended exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Much of the recent debate in developed countries has centred on the micronutrient adequacy, as well as the existence and magnitude of health benefits, of this practice. To assess the effects on child health, growth, and development, and on maternal health, of exclusive breastfeeding for six months versus exclusive breastfeeding for three to four months with mixed breastfeeding (introduction of complementary liquid or solid foods with continued breastfeeding) thereafter through six months. We searched The Cochrane Library (2011, Issue 6), MEDLINE (1 January 2007 to 14 June 2011), EMBASE (1 January 2007 to 14 June 2011), CINAHL (1 January 2007 to 14 June 2011), BIOSIS (1 January 2007 to 14 June 2011), African Index Medicus (searched 15 June 2011), Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) (searched 15 June 2011), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences) (searched 15 June 2011). We also contacted experts in the field.The search for the first version of the review in 2000 yielded a total of 2668 unique citations. Contacts with experts in the field yielded additional published and unpublished studies. The updated literature review in December 2006 yielded 835 additional unique citations. We selected all internally-controlled clinical trials and observational studies comparing child or maternal health outcomes with exclusive breastfeeding for six or more months versus exclusive breastfeeding for at least three to four months with continued mixed breastfeeding until at least six months. Studies were stratified according to study design (controlled trials versus observational studies), provenance (developing versus developed countries), and timing of compared feeding groups

78 FR 57537 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Shortraker Rockfish in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-19

... exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and.... 121018563-3418-02] RIN 0648-XC876 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Shortraker Rockfish in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service...

78 FR 42891 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Rougheye Rockfish in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-18

... manages the groundfish fishery in the BSAI exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management.... 121018563-3148-02] RIN 0648-XC761 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Rougheye Rockfish in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

27 CFR 10.51 - Exclusion, in general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion, in general. 10.51 Section 10.51 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS COMMERCIAL BRIBERY Exclusion § 10.51 Exclusion, in general. (a) Exclusion...

Exclusion of agricultural lands in spatial conservation prioritization strategies: consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem service representation

PubMed Central

Durán, América P.; Duffy, James P.; Gaston, Kevin J.

2014-01-01

Agroecosystems have traditionally been considered incompatible with biological conservation goals, and often been excluded from spatial conservation prioritization strategies. The consequences for the representativeness of identified priority areas have been little explored. Here, we evaluate these for biodiversity and carbon storage representation when agricultural land areas are excluded from a spatial prioritization strategy for South America. Comparing different prioritization approaches, we also assess how the spatial overlap of priority areas changes. The exclusion of agricultural lands was detrimental to biodiversity representation, indicating that priority areas for agricultural production overlap with areas of relatively high occurrence of species. By contrast, exclusion of agricultural lands benefits representation of carbon storage within priority areas, as lands of high value for agriculture and carbon storage overlap little. When agricultural lands were included and equally weighted with biodiversity and carbon storage, a balanced representation resulted. Our findings suggest that with appropriate management, South American agroecosystems can significantly contribute to biodiversity conservation. PMID:25143040

76 FR 59924 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Skates in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-28

... manages the groundfish fishery in the GOA exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan.... 101126521-0640-2] RIN 0648-XA731 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Skates in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National...

Exclusive and Semi-Exclusive Reactions at a Higher Energy CEBAF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carl Carlson

More energy at CEBAF provides more opportunity for studies of hadron and nuclear properties. Many of the experiments that could be done are extensions of things already done at lower energies. Others represent new initiatives that could not work or could not theoretically be interpreted at lower energies. The author concentrates on the new initiatives, but do not wish our thinking to neglect what can be learned from continuations of lower energy work. The author begins with a list of some things that should be continued into a new energy regime. (1) Baryon and meson spectroscopy of higher mass states.more » With 4 GeV incoming electron energy, strange mesons are limited to 1.8 GeV in mass and charm is not producible. (2) Exclusive reactions, including meson and baryon form factors and reactions on few nucleon systems. The latter includes deuteron photodisintegration, the A and B form factors of the deuteron, and the deuteron tensor polarization T{sub 20}. (And we should not forget T{sub 20} in inclusive scattering.) (3) Hadrons in the nuclear medium, with such topics as color transparency, electroproduction of {rho} mesons, virtual Compton scattering off nuclei, and backward hadrons from e-d reactions. The very last must be especially important, since it gives the logo used in the advertizing for this conference. In addition, there are new initiatives that this talk will call attention to, in particular: (1) semi-exclusive meson production; (2) duality in semi-exclusive reactions; and (3) new views of exclusive reactions and perturbative QCD (leading to ''off-forward parton distributions'').« less

Formation of Land Use Order in Hamamatsu City under the Original Criteria of the Farm Land Exclusion from the Agricultural Promotion Area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arita, Hiroyuki; Miyazawa, Shingo

While zoning has been practiced to prevent sprawling development and to preserve collective farmland under the Agriculture Promotion Act, The Agricultural Promotion Area (APA) has been reduced in area by the action of the Farm Land Exclusion from the APA (EAPA) aiming at urban-uses. Since the EAPA has a great impact on the regional land use, appropriate criteria application techniques ought to be formulated at the transaction level. However, most local governments seem to have no strategic measure so far. Hamamatsu city, meanwhile, has introduced a unique standard upon which approval of the EAPA aptitude is based in 2003. Since the number of EAPA registration was relatively large in Hamamatsu city owing to the zone bordering on the line of land which a building has erected the officials' willingness to establish an objective standard was high. In this research, we verified the effect of the criteria application over the land use ordering, and made proposals for improvement of the present state through the examination of the EAPA criterion application of Hamamatsu city.

36 CFR 51.77 - Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services? 51.77 Section 51.77 Parks, Forests... Contract Provisions § 51.77 Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide... certain types of visitor services in a park area. The Director may limit the number of concession...

36 CFR 51.77 - Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services? 51.77 Section 51.77 Parks, Forests... Contract Provisions § 51.77 Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide... certain types of visitor services in a park area. The Director may limit the number of concession...

36 CFR 51.77 - Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services? 51.77 Section 51.77 Parks, Forests... Contract Provisions § 51.77 Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide... certain types of visitor services in a park area. The Director may limit the number of concession...

36 CFR 51.77 - Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services? 51.77 Section 51.77 Parks, Forests... Contract Provisions § 51.77 Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide... certain types of visitor services in a park area. The Director may limit the number of concession...

36 CFR 51.77 - Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide visitor services? 51.77 Section 51.77 Parks, Forests... Contract Provisions § 51.77 Will a concession contract provide a concessioner an exclusive right to provide... certain types of visitor services in a park area. The Director may limit the number of concession...

27 CFR 6.151 - Exclusion, in general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion, in general. 6.151 Section 6.151 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Exclusion § 6.151 Exclusion, in general. (a) Exclusion, in whole or in part occurs: (1) When a practice...

27 CFR 6.151 - Exclusion, in general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusion, in general. 6.151 Section 6.151 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Exclusion § 6.151 Exclusion, in general. (a) Exclusion, in whole or in part occurs: (1) When a practice...

48 CFR 19.1006 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusions. 19.1006 Section 19.1006 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Small Business Competitiveness Demonstration Program 19.1006 Exclusions...

75 FR 8547 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

... and Aleutian Islands (BSAI) exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for.... 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XU59 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

75 FR 64957 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

... manages the groundfish fishery in the BSAI exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management.... 0910131363-0087-01] RIN 0648-XZ85 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

77 FR 44172 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Squid in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-27

... manages the groundfish fishery in the BSAI exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC119 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Squid in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National...

75 FR 14498 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-26

... the groundfish fishery in the BSAI exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XV52 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

75 FR 53606 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

... the groundfish fishery in the BSAI exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XY62 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

75 FR 4491 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-28

... groundfish fishery in the BSAI exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for.... 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XU11 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

40 CFR 68.126 - Exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exclusion. 68.126 Section 68.126 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Regulated Substances for Accidental Release Prevention § 68.126 Exclusion...

75 FR 80798 - Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of Inventions...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... Partially-Exclusive Licensing of Inventions Concerning an Inactivated Dengue Virus Vaccine and a Method and Kit for Detection of Dengue Virus AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... which issued July 3, 2001, entitled ``Inactivated Dengue Virus Vaccine,'' and U.S. Patent 6,190,859...

Ungulate exclusion, conifer thinning and mule deer forage in northeastern New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kramer, David W.; Sorensen, Grant E.; Taylor, Chase A.; Cox, Robert D.; Gipson, Philip S.; Cain, James W.

2015-01-01

The southwestern United States has experienced expansion of conifer species (Juniperus spp. and Pinus ponderosa) into areas of semi-arid grassland over the past century. The expansion of conifers can limit palatable forage and reduce grass and forb communities. Conifer species are sometimes thinned through hydraulic mulching or selective cutting. We assessed the effects of these treatments on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) habitat in northeastern New Mexico to determine if conifer thinning improved cover of preferred forage species for mule deer in areas with and without ungulates. We measured plant cover and occurrence of preferred forage species in the summers of 2011 and 2012. An ongoing regional drought probably reduced vegetation response, with preferred forage species and herbaceous cover responding to conifer thinning or ungulate exclusion immediately following treatment, but not the following year. In 2011, areas that received thinning treatments had a higher abundance of preferred forage when compared to sites with no treatment. Grass coverage exhibited an immediate response in 2011, with ungulate exclosures containing 8% more coverage than areas without exclosures. The results suggest that conifer thinning and ungulate exclusion may elicit a positive response, however in the presence of drought; the positive effects are only short-term.

76 FR 33172 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Alaska Plaice in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

... fishery in the (BSAI) exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA483 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Alaska Plaice in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

Softening the Blow of Social Exclusion: The Responsive Theory of Social Exclusion

PubMed Central

Freedman, Gili; Williams, Kipling D.; Beer, Jennifer S.

2016-01-01

Social exclusion is an interactive process between multiple people, yet previous research has focused almost solely on the negative impacts on targets. What advice is there for people on the other side (i.e., sources) who want to minimize its negative impact and preserve their own reputation? To provide an impetus for research on the interactive nature of exclusion, we propose the Responsive Theory of Social Exclusion. Our theory postulates that targets and sources’ needs are better maintained if sources use clear, explicit verbal communication. We propose that sources have three options: explicit rejection (clearly stating no), ostracism (ignoring), and ambiguous rejection (being unclear). Drawing on psychology, sociology, communications, and business research, we propose that when sources use explicit rejection, targets’ feelings will be less hurt, their needs will be better protected, and sources will experience less backlash and emotional toil than if sources use ambiguous rejection or ostracism. Finally, we propose how the language of rejections may impact both parties. PMID:27777566

Softening the Blow of Social Exclusion: The Responsive Theory of Social Exclusion.

PubMed

Freedman, Gili; Williams, Kipling D; Beer, Jennifer S

2016-01-01

Social exclusion is an interactive process between multiple people, yet previous research has focused almost solely on the negative impacts on targets. What advice is there for people on the other side (i.e., sources) who want to minimize its negative impact and preserve their own reputation? To provide an impetus for research on the interactive nature of exclusion, we propose the Responsive Theory of Social Exclusion. Our theory postulates that targets and sources' needs are better maintained if sources use clear, explicit verbal communication. We propose that sources have three options: explicit rejection (clearly stating no), ostracism (ignoring), and ambiguous rejection (being unclear). Drawing on psychology, sociology, communications, and business research, we propose that when sources use explicit rejection, targets' feelings will be less hurt, their needs will be better protected, and sources will experience less backlash and emotional toil than if sources use ambiguous rejection or ostracism. Finally, we propose how the language of rejections may impact both parties.

40 CFR 113.5 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Exclusions. 113.5 Section 113.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS LIABILITY LIMITS FOR SMALL ONSHORE STORAGE FACILITIES Oil Storage Facilities § 113.5 Exclusions. This subpart does not apply...

40 CFR 113.5 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Exclusions. 113.5 Section 113.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS LIABILITY LIMITS FOR SMALL ONSHORE STORAGE FACILITIES Oil Storage Facilities § 113.5 Exclusions. This subpart does not apply...

Impact of pediatric exclusivity on drug labeling and demonstrations of efficacy.

PubMed

Wharton, Gerold T; Murphy, M Dianne; Avant, Debbie; Goldsmith, John V; Chai, Grace; Rodriguez, William J; Eisenstein, Eric L

2014-08-01

Besides vaccines and otitis media medicines, most products prescribed for children have not been studied in the pediatric population. To remedy this, Congress enacted legislation in 1997, known as pediatric exclusivity (PE), which provides 6 months of additional market protection to drug sponsors in exchange for studying their products in children. We reviewed requests for pediatric studies and subsequent labeling for drugs granted PE from 1998 through 2012. Regression analysis estimates the probability of demonstrating efficacy in PE trials. Variables include therapeutic group, year of exclusivity, product sales, initiation process, and small disease population. From 1998 through 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration issued 401 pediatric study requests. For 189 drugs, studies were completed and granted exclusivity. A total of 173 drugs (92%) received new pediatric labeling, with 108 (57%) receiving a new or expanded pediatric indication. Three drugs had non-efficacy trials. Efficacy was not established for 78 drugs. Oncology, cardiovascular, and endocrine drugs were less likely to demonstrate efficacy (P < .01) compared with gastrointestinal and pain/anesthesia drugs. Drugs studied later in the program were less likely to demonstrate efficacy (P < .05). Sales, initiation process, and small disease population were not significant predictors. Most drugs (173; 92%) granted exclusivity added pediatric information to their labeling as a result of PE, with 108 (57%) receiving a new or expanded pediatric indication. Therapeutic area and year of exclusivity influenced the likelihood of obtaining a pediatric indication. Positive and negative outcomes continue to inform the construct of future pediatric trials. Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Exclusion of agricultural lands in spatial conservation prioritization strategies: consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem service representation.

PubMed

Durán, América P; Duffy, James P; Gaston, Kevin J

2014-10-07

Agroecosystems have traditionally been considered incompatible with biological conservation goals, and often been excluded from spatial conservation prioritization strategies. The consequences for the representativeness of identified priority areas have been little explored. Here, we evaluate these for biodiversity and carbon storage representation when agricultural land areas are excluded from a spatial prioritization strategy for South America. Comparing different prioritization approaches, we also assess how the spatial overlap of priority areas changes. The exclusion of agricultural lands was detrimental to biodiversity representation, indicating that priority areas for agricultural production overlap with areas of relatively high occurrence of species. By contrast, exclusion of agricultural lands benefits representation of carbon storage within priority areas, as lands of high value for agriculture and carbon storage overlap little. When agricultural lands were included and equally weighted with biodiversity and carbon storage, a balanced representation resulted. Our findings suggest that with appropriate management, South American agroecosystems can significantly contribute to biodiversity conservation. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Timely initiation of breastfeeding is associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia.

PubMed

Paramashanti, Bunga Astria; Hadi, Hamam; Gunawan, I Made Alit

2016-12-01

Exclusive breastfeeding has been proven to be essential for optimal health, and for reducing infections and mortality in children. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage both in Indonesia and in globalremains low. This study evaluated the relationship between the timely initiation of breastfeeding and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study used Riskesdas 2013 data. Participants were 7,667 mothers whose children were aged 6-23 months in Indonesia, and were selected based on the completeness of the variables. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chisquare tests, and a multiple logistic regression that considered the sampling weight. STATA 13.0 was used for the analyses, and the significance level was set at p<0.05. Timely initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of parturition (OR=3.66, 95% CI: 2.14-3.64), timely initiation of breastfeeding at or after 1 hour following parturition (OR=2.79, 95% CI: 3.00-4.46), and neonatal illness (OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.91) were significantly associated with an exclusive breastfeeding history among children aged 6-23 months. Other factors, such as the mother's age, mother's educational level, child's birth weight, household economic status, and residential area were not associated with an exclusive breastfeeding history. Timely initiation of breastfeeding and the prevention of neonatal illness should be the main interventions to improve exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia.

Mainstreaming nutrition into maternal and child health programmes: scaling up of exclusive breastfeeding.

PubMed

Bhandari, Nita; Kabir, A K M Iqbal; Salam, Mohammed Abdus

2008-04-01

Interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding have been estimated to have the potential to prevent 13% of all under-5 deaths in developing countries and are the single most important preventive intervention against child mortality. According to World Health Organization and United Nations Children Funds (UNICEF), only 39% infants are exclusively breastfed for less than 4 months. This review examines programme efforts to scale up exclusive breastfeeding in different countries and draws lesson for successful scale-up. Opportunities and challenges in scaling up of exclusive breastfeeding into Maternal and Child Health programmes are identified. The key processes required for exclusive breastfeeding scale-up are: (1) an evidence-based policy and science-driven technical guidelines; and (2) an implementation strategy and plan for achieving high exclusive breastfeeding rates in all strata of society, on a sustainable basis. Factors related to success include political will, strong advocacy, enabling policies, well-defined short- and long-term programme strategy, sustained financial support, clear definition of roles of multiple stakeholders and emphasis on delivery at the community level. Effective use of antenatal, birth and post-natal contacts at homes and through community mobilization efforts is emphasized. Formative research to ensure appropriate intervention design and delivery is critical particularly in areas with high HIV prevalence. Strong communication strategy and support, quality trainers and training contributed significantly to programme success. Monitoring and evaluation with feedback systems that allow for periodic programme corrections and continued innovation are central to very high coverage. Legal framework must make it possible for mothers to exclusively breastfeed for at least 4 months. Sustained programme efforts are critical to achieve high coverage and this requires strong national- and state-level leadership.

76 FR 22386 - Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-21

... Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning the Method and Apparatus for Stereo Imaging AGENCY... ``Method and Apparatus for Stereo Imaging,'' filed on March 11, 2011. The United States Government, as...: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the generation of macro scale extremely high...

78 FR 77107 - Notice of Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-20

..., or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning Preoperative Recommendations Engine..., entitled ``Preoperative Recommendations Engine,'' filed on January 14, 2013. The United States Government.... Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: Command Judge Advocate, MCMR-JA, 504 Scott Street...

78 FR 73454 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-06

.... 120918468-3111-02] RIN 0648-XC975 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska Management Area AGENCY: National Marine... the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska management area (GOA). This action is necessary to...

33 CFR 2.30 - Exclusive Economic Zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exclusive Economic Zone. 2.30... JURISDICTION Jurisdictional Terms § 2.30 Exclusive Economic Zone. (a) With respect to the United States... States exercises sovereignty, exclusive economic zone means the zone seaward of and adjacent to the...

42 CFR 1002.211 - Effect of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effect of exclusion. 1002.211 Section 1002.211 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-STATE-INITIATED EXCLUSIONS FROM MEDICAID Permissive Exclusions § 1002.211 Effect...

33 CFR 2.30 - Exclusive Economic Zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Exclusive Economic Zone. 2.30... JURISDICTION Jurisdictional Terms § 2.30 Exclusive Economic Zone. (a) With respect to the United States... States exercises sovereignty, exclusive economic zone means the zone seaward of and adjacent to the...

33 CFR 2.30 - Exclusive Economic Zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Exclusive Economic Zone. 2.30... JURISDICTION Jurisdictional Terms § 2.30 Exclusive Economic Zone. (a) With respect to the United States... States exercises sovereignty, exclusive economic zone means the zone seaward of and adjacent to the...

33 CFR 2.30 - Exclusive Economic Zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Exclusive Economic Zone. 2.30... JURISDICTION Jurisdictional Terms § 2.30 Exclusive Economic Zone. (a) With respect to the United States... States exercises sovereignty, exclusive economic zone means the zone seaward of and adjacent to the...

33 CFR 2.30 - Exclusive Economic Zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Exclusive Economic Zone. 2.30... JURISDICTION Jurisdictional Terms § 2.30 Exclusive Economic Zone. (a) With respect to the United States... States exercises sovereignty, exclusive economic zone means the zone seaward of and adjacent to the...

76 FR 3119 - Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-19

... Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning a Urinary Field Sampling Kit for the Determination.... Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/458,797, entitled ``Urinary Field Sampling Kit for the... INFORMATION: The invention relates to a urinary field sampling kit and method of its use for collecting and...

42 CFR 1003.108 - Penalty, assessment, and exclusion not exclusive.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES CIVIL MONEY PENALTIES, ASSESSMENTS AND EXCLUSIONS § 1003.108... this part are in addition to any other penalties prescribed by law. [59 FR 32126, June 22, 1994] ...

Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

PubMed Central

Alzaheb, Riyadh A

2017-01-01

Background: Breast milk contains all the nutrients infants need for their first 6 months of life. However, only a minority of Saudi Arabian mothers exclusively breastfeed, so the influencing factors must be examined to encourage more to do so. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and its associated factors in Tabuk, North West Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 589 mothers of healthy infants aged between 6 and 24 months were interviewed while attending Well-Baby Clinics within 5 primary health care centers. Interviews deployed a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic information and detailed data concerning breastfeeding practices. A logistic regression analysis was then performed on the data to identify the factors independently associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice for infants at 6 months. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 31.4% of mothers for the first 6 months of their infant’s life. The logistic regressions indicated that exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months was less likely to be practiced by working mothers, Saudi nationals, and for babies born via cesarean delivery or at low birth weights. Conversely, the mother’s awareness of the recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration was positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: Programs promoting 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding should target high-risk groups. Two factors identified by this study are modifiable: working mothers and mothers’ awareness of the exclusive breastfeeding duration recommendation. Strategies to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates should therefore focus on workplace facilities and increasing awareness of the exclusive breastfeeding recommendation. PMID:28469519

Cooperation induced by random sequential exclusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Kun; Cong, Rui; Wang, Long

2016-06-01

Social exclusion is a common and powerful tool to penalize deviators in human societies, and thus to effectively elevate collaborative efforts. Current models on the evolution of exclusion behaviors mostly assume that each peer excluder independently makes the decision to expel the defectors, but has no idea what others in the group would do or how the actual punishment effect will be. Thus, a more realistic model, random sequential exclusion, is proposed. In this mechanism, each excluder has to pay an extra scheduling cost and then all the excluders are arranged in a random order to implement the exclusion actions. If one free rider has already been excluded by an excluder, the remaining excluders will not participate in expelling this defector. We find that this mechanism can help stabilize cooperation under more unfavorable conditions than the normal peer exclusion can do, either in well-mixed population or on social networks. However, too large a scheduling cost may undermine the advantage of this mechanism. Our work validates the fact that collaborative practice among punishers plays an important role in further boosting cooperation.

Functional Intersection Area -- Oregon Department of Transportation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This discussion paper addresses the concepts involved in defining the functional area of an intersection. The elements which comprise the upstream functional area are identified; dimensions of the upstream area exclusive of queue storage, are given f...

10 CFR 851.2 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exclusions. 851.2 Section 851.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKER SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM General Provisions § 851.2 Exclusions. (a) This part does not apply to work at a DOE site: (1) Regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration; or (2...

10 CFR 830.2 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Exclusions. 830.2 Section 830.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT § 830.2 Exclusions. This part does not apply to: (a) Activities that are... 1974, as amended; and (e) Activities related to the launch approval and actual launch of nuclear energy...

10 CFR 830.2 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Exclusions. 830.2 Section 830.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT § 830.2 Exclusions. This part does not apply to: (a) Activities that are... 1974, as amended; and (e) Activities related to the launch approval and actual launch of nuclear energy...

10 CFR 830.2 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Exclusions. 830.2 Section 830.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT § 830.2 Exclusions. This part does not apply to: (a) Activities that are... 1974, as amended; and (e) Activities related to the launch approval and actual launch of nuclear energy...

Evaluating Alternatives to Exclusive "He."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Todd-Mancillas, William R.

A study was conducted to determine the effects on reading comprehension of the use of the exclusive pronoun "he" and more or less contrived alternatives. Subjects, 358 students enrolled in an introduction to human communication at a large northeastern university, read three different forms of the same essay. One essay form exclusively used "he,"…

10 CFR 830.2 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exclusions. 830.2 Section 830.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT § 830.2 Exclusions. This part does not apply to: (a) Activities that are... 1974, as amended; and (e) Activities related to the launch approval and actual launch of nuclear energy...

10 CFR 830.2 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Exclusions. 830.2 Section 830.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT § 830.2 Exclusions. This part does not apply to: (a) Activities that are... 1974, as amended; and (e) Activities related to the launch approval and actual launch of nuclear energy...

28 CFR 301.319 - Exclusiveness of remedy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Exclusiveness of remedy. 301.319 Section... COMPENSATION Compensation for Work-Related Physical Impairment or Death § 301.319 Exclusiveness of remedy... Accident Compensation procedure was declared by the U.S. Supreme Court to be the exclusive remedy in the...

21 CFR 1404.945 - Excluded or exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Excluded or exclusion. 1404.945 Section 1404.945 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 1404.945 Excluded or exclusion. Excluded or exclusion means— (a) That a person or...

77 FR 13566 - Notice of Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-07

... invention set forth in ``Radiation Detector System for Locating and Identifying Special Nuclear Material in..., or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning a Radiation Detector System for Locating and Identifying Special Nuclear Material in Moving Vehicles AGENCY: Defense Threat Reduction Agency...

Relationships of Quality Characteristics with Size Exclusion HPLC Chromatogram of Protein Extract in Soft-White Winter Wheats.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This study investigated relationships between molecular weight distributions of unreduced grain proteins and grain, flour, and end-use quality characteristics of soft white winter wheats grown in Oregon. Absorbance area and area % values of protein fractions separated by size exclusion HPLC (SE-HPL...

Competitions between prosocial exclusions and punishments in finite populations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Linjie; Chen, Xiaojie; Szolnoki, Attila

2017-04-01

Prosocial punishment has been proved to be a powerful mean to promote cooperation. Recent studies have found that social exclusion, which indeed can be regarded as a kind of punishment, can also support cooperation. However, if prosocial punishment and exclusion are both present, it is still unclear which strategy is more advantageous to curb free-riders. Here we first study the direct competition between different types of punishment and exclusion. We find that pool (peer) exclusion can always outperform pool (peer) punishment both in the optional and in the compulsory public goods game, no matter whether second-order sanctioning is considered or not. Furthermore, peer exclusion does better than pool exclusion both in the optional and in the compulsory game, but the situation is reversed in the presence of second-order exclusion. Finally, we extend the competition among all possible sanctioning strategies and find that peer exclusion can outperform all other strategies in the absence of second-order exclusion and punishment, while pool exclusion prevails when second-order sanctioning is possible. Our results demonstrate that exclusion is a more powerful strategy than punishment for the resolution of social dilemmas.

Empathy for social exclusion involves the sensory-discriminative component of pain: a within-subject fMRI study

PubMed Central

Novembre, Giovanni; Zanon, Marco

2015-01-01

Recent research has shown that experiencing events that represent a significant threat to social bonds activates a network of brain areas associated with the sensory-discriminative aspects of pain. In the present study, we investigated whether the same brain areas are involved when witnessing social exclusion threats experienced by others. Using a within-subject design, we show that an ecologically valid experience of social exclusion recruits areas coding the somatosensory components of physical pain (posterior insular cortex and secondary somatosensory cortex). Furthermore, we show that this pattern of activation not only holds for directly experienced social pain, but also during empathy for social pain. Finally, we report that subgenual cingulate cortex is the only brain area conjointly active during empathy for physical and social pain. This supports recent theories that affective processing and homeostatic regulation are at the core of empathic responses. PMID:24563529

Reversing the negative psychological sequelae of exclusion: inclusion is ameliorative but not protective against the aversive consequences of exclusion.

PubMed

Tang, Helen H Y; Richardson, Rick

2013-02-01

Social exclusion can have devastating personal, social, and clinical consequences, but several recent studies have identified factors that can reduce its aversive impact (e.g., distraction from rumination, control over a noise). In this study, we continued to explore possible strategies for reducing the aversive experiences of being excluded. Three experiments investigated whether an experience of inclusion reduced the impact of exclusion. Specifically, participants engaged in two rounds of a computer ball toss game (Cyberball) in which they were either included or excluded. Participants were told either that they played the two games with the same two sources (Experiment 1), with a different pair of sources (Experiment 2), or with people and then computer controlled sources (Experiment 3). We measured the impact of exclusion and inclusion on the psychological states of belonging, control, self esteem, meaningful existence, hurt feelings, anger, and affect. Across all three experiments, if inclusion occurred after exclusion then it was found to have an ameliorative benefit. However, if inclusion occurred before exclusion there was no protective benefit. Finally, we compared the ratings following one versus two experiences of exclusion, with no additive impact found. Taken together, the results indicate that inclusion can reduce the impact of exclusion, but only if it occurs after exclusion. Further, inclusion is ameliorative even when it is by a different group or a computer program. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.

75 FR 20828 - Availability for Non-Exclusive, Exclusive, or Partially Exclusive Licensing of U.S. Patent...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-21

... Partially Exclusive Licensing of U.S. Patent Application Concerning a Chimeric Ebola and Marburg Virus Glycoproteins Virus Like Particle Vaccine To Protect Against Diverse Ebola and Marburg Viruses AGENCY... Ebola and Marburg Virus Glycoproteins Virus Like Particle Vaccine To Protect Against Diverse Ebola and...

76 FR 63910 - Notice of Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-14

..., or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning Method for Estimating Core Body... Serial No. 61/572,677, entitled ``Method for Estimating Core Body Temperature from Heart Rate,'' filed on... core temperature from heart rate. The invention further relates to a method of determining impending...

Social Exclusion/Inclusion: Foucault's Analytics of Exclusion, the Political Ecology of Social Inclusion and the Legitimation of Inclusive Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Michael A.; Besley, Tina A. C.

2014-01-01

This article offers a broad philosophical and historical background to the dyad of social exclusion/inclusion by examining the analytics and politics of exclusion first by reference to Michel Foucault who studies the modern history of exclusion and makes it central to his approach in understanding the development of modern institutions of emerging…

Strategies to Reduce Exclusion among Populations Living in Urban Slum Settlements in Bangladesh

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

The health and rights of populations living in informal or slum settlements are key development issues of the twenty-first century. As of 2007, the majority of the world's population lives in urban areas. More than one billion of these people, or one in three city-dwellers, live in inadequate housing with no or a few basic resources. In Bangladesh, urban slum settlements tend to be located in low-lying, flood-prone, poorly-drained areas, having limited formal garbage disposal and minimal access to safe water and sanitation. These areas are severely crowded, with 4–5 people living in houses of just over 100 sq feet. These conditions of high density of population and poor sanitation exacerbate the spread of diseases. People living in these areas experience social, economic and political exclusion, which bars them from society's basic resources. This paper overviews policies and actions that impact the level of exclusion of people living in urban slum settlements in Bangladesh, with a focus on improving the health and rights of the urban poor. Despite some strategies adopted to ensure better access to water and health, overall, the country does not have a comprehensive policy for urban slum residents, and the situation remains bleak. PMID:19761090

Strategies to reduce exclusion among populations living in urban slum settlements in Bangladesh.

PubMed

Rashid, Sabina Faiz

2009-08-01

The health and rights of populations living in informal or slum settlements are key development issues of the twenty-first century. As of 2007, the majority of the world's population lives in urban areas. More than one billion of these people, or one in three city-dwellers, live in inadequate housing with no or a few basic resources. In Bangladesh, urban slum settlements tend to be located in low-lying, flood-prone, poorly-drained areas, having limited formal garbage disposal and minimal access to safe water and sanitation. These areas are severely crowded, with 4-5 people living in houses of just over 100 sq feet. These conditions of high density of population and poor sanitation exacerbate the spread of diseases. People living in these areas experience social, economic and political exclusion, which bars them from society's basic resources. This paper overviews policies and actions that impact the level of exclusion of people living in urban slum settlements in Bangladesh, with a focus on improving the health and rights of the urban poor. Despite some strategies adopted to ensure better access to water and health, overall, the country does not have a comprehensive policy for urban slum residents, and the situation remains bleak.

47 CFR 22.717 - Procedure for mutually exclusive applications in the Rural Radiotelephone Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... channel in the same area, or the technical proposals are otherwise in conflict. See § 22.567. (b) A... exclusive applications of any type in either service to be “cut off” (excluded from a same-day filing group...

Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) Of Transport Disadvantage Variables on Social Exclusion in a Rural Context

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larasati, Ophilia; Puspita Dirgahayani, Eng., Dr.

2018-05-01

Transport services are essential to support daily life. A lack of transport supply leads to the existence of transport disadvantaged (TDA) groups who are vulnerable to social exclusion, which happens when a particular group or individual is having difficulties to access certain activities that are considered normal in society. To tackle this phenomenon, the understanding of the influence of TDA variables on social exclusion is needed. The aim of this study is to analyze the influences of TDA variables on social exclusion in a rural context, with Cibeureum Village (Bandung Barat Regency) and Bunikasih Village (Subang Regency) as the study case. Both case studies provide different characteristics of accessibility. Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is chosen as the method to analyze the influences of TDA variables on social exclusion. The PLS-SEM model is developed according to the social exclusion variable and four TDA variables, i.e., accessibility, individual characteristics, private vehicle existence, and travel behavior. IPMA is done after the PLS-SEM model is evaluated. The study reveals that among four of the TDA variables, accessibility has the most influence on social exclusion, hence interventions related to improving accessibility are needed to tackle social exclusion. More specifically, the provision of alternative modes is needed in both study areas, while in Bunikasih Village the cost of travel is also an important variable to consider.

Formation of new stimulus equivalence classes by exclusion.

PubMed

Plazas, Elberto A; Villamil, Carlos-Wilcen

2018-03-01

This study presents three experiments that aimed to show the formation of stimulus equivalence relations among stimuli that had been previously related only by exclusion. In Experiment 1, participants were trained on baseline conditional discriminations to establish two 3-member equivalence classes. Then, they were exposed to exclusion trials, without feedback, in which undefined stimuli had to be matched by rejecting the defined baseline stimuli. Finally, participants responded to test trials evaluating the emergence of symmetry and transitivity among the undefined stimuli from the exclusion trials. For half of the participants, the stimuli related by exclusion were introduced as S- stimuli in the baseline trials, whereas for the other half they were not. Further, half of the participants were assessed for emergent relations with stimuli from all the classes, whereas the other half was assessed for emergent relations with only the stimuli related by exclusion. In Experiment 2, the S- comparisons in the emergent relations test trials with stimuli only related by exclusion were stimuli from a null class. In Experiment 3, the number of exclusion trials was doubled. Across experiments, most participants showed emergence of equivalence relations among the stimuli related by exclusion. Some conditions of stimulus control associated with exclusion learning and the emergence of equivalence relations are discussed. © 2018 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

77 FR 8223 - Notice of Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

..., or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning a Computer Controlled System for Laser... provides a computer controlled system for laser energy delivery to the retina. Information is received from... Application Serial No. 13/130,380, entitled ``Computer Controlled System for Laser Energy Delivery to the...

75 FR 4793 - Availability for Non-Exclusive, Exclusive, or Partially Exclusive Licensing of U.S. Provisional...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-29

... Partially Exclusive Licensing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Concerning Blast Wave Sensor AGENCY... ``Blast Wave Sensor,'' filed January 4, 2010. The United States Government, as represented by the... wave sensors and their use to detect blast induced pressure changes, and, in particular, a blast wave...

Improved self-exclusion program: preliminary results.

PubMed

Tremblay, Nicole; Boutin, Claude; Ladouceur, Robert

2008-12-01

The gambling industry has offered self-exclusion programs for quite a long time. Such measures are designed to limit access to gaming opportunities and provide problem gamblers with the help they need to cease or limit their gambling behaviour. However, few studies have empirically evaluated these programs. This study has three objectives: (1) to observe the participation in an improved self-exclusion program that includes an initial voluntary evaluation, phone support, and a mandatory meeting, (2) to evaluate satisfaction and usefulness of this service as perceived by self-excluders, (3) to measure the preliminary impact of this improved program. One hundred sixteen self-excluders completed a questionnaire about their satisfaction and their perception of the usefulness during the mandatory meeting. Among those participants, 39 attended an initial meeting. Comparisons between data collected at the initial meeting and data taken at the final meeting were made for those 39 participants. Data showed that gamblers chose the improved self-exclusion program 75% of the time; 25% preferred to sign a regular self-exclusion contract. Among those who chose the improved service, 40% wanted an initial voluntary evaluation and 37% of these individuals actually attended that meeting. Seventy percent of gamblers came to the mandatory meeting, which was a required condition to end their self-exclusion. The majority of participants were satisfied with the improved self-exclusion service and perceived it as useful. Major improvements were observed between the final and the initial evaluation on time and money spent, consequences of gambling, DSM-IV score, and psychological distress. The applicability of an improved self-exclusion program is discussed and, as shown in our study, the inclusion of a final mandatory meeting might not be so repulsive for self-excluders. Future research directives are also proposed.

Teenage pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding rates.

PubMed

Puapompong, Pawin; Raungrongmorakot, Kasem; Manolerdtewan, Wichian; Ketsuwan, Sukwadee; Wongin, Sinutchanan

2014-09-01

Teenage pregnancy is an important health issue globally and in Thailand Younger age mothers decide on the breastfeeding practices ofthe first 6-month. To find the rates of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding practices of teenage mothers and compare them with the rates of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding practices in mothers who are 20 years of age or more. Three thousand five hundred sixty three normal, postpartum women, who delivered without complications at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center in the Nakhon Nayok Province between 2010 and2013 were included in this study. At the second daypostpartum, the data of latch scores and the data of the practice of exclusive breastfeeding were collected Telephone follow-ups on the seventh, fourteenth, and forty-fifth postpartum days and at the second, fourth, and sixth month postpartum month were collected and used for exclusive breastfeeding data following discharge. Demographic data included the maternal age, parity, gestational age, marital status, occupation, religion, route ofdelivery, estimated blood loss, body mass index, nipple length, and the childs birth weight. The collected data was analyzed by the t-test, Chi-square, and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The percentage of teenage pregnancies was at 14.8% (527 cases). On postpartum day 2, the percentage of latch scores of 8 or less was 66.4%. At the seventh, fourteenth, and forty-fifth day and at the second, fourth, and sixth months postpartum, the exclusive breastfeeding rates were 88.5, 78.5, 57.6, 43.1, 32.9, and27.0%, respectively. Comparison of the 6-month exclusive breastfeeding rates between teenage mothers and mothers 20 years ofage or older were not statistically significant (p<0.05). The 6-month exclusive breastfeeding rate of teenage mothers was at 27.0% and had no significant differences from the rates of mothers 20 years of age or more.

77 FR 54838 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

.... 111207737-2141-02] RIN 0648-XC205 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska Management Area AGENCY: National Marine... Alaska management area. This action is necessary to allow the 2012 total allowable catch of Pacific cod...

Six-Month Market Exclusivity Extensions To Promote Research Offer Substantial Returns For Many Drug Makers.

PubMed

Kesselheim, Aaron S; Rome, Benjamin N; Sarpatwari, Ameet; Avorn, Jerry

2017-02-01

To incentivize pharmaceutical manufacturers to invest in areas of unmet medical need, policy makers frequently propose extending the market exclusivity period of desired drugs. Some such proposals are modeled after the pediatric exclusivity patent extension program, which since 1997 has provided six additional months of market exclusivity for drugs studied in children. The most recent proposal would encourage rare disease research by providing six months of extended exclusivity for any existing drug that is granted subsequent FDA approval for a new rare disease indication. Yet the economic impact of such proposals is rarely addressed. We found that for the thirteen FDA-approved drugs that gained supplemental approval for a rare disease indication from 2005 through 2010, the median projected cost of clinical trials leading to approval was $29.8 million. If the exclusivity extension had been in place, the median discounted financial gain to manufacturers would have been $94.6 million. Median net returns would have been $82.4 million, with higher returns for drugs with higher annual sales. Extending market exclusivity would provide substantial compensation to many manufacturers, particularly for top-selling products, far in excess of the cost of conducting these trials. Alternative strategies to incentivize the study of approved drugs for rare diseases may offer similar benefits at a lower cost. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

47 CFR 22.509 - Procedures for mutually exclusive applications in the Paging and Radiotelephone Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... facilities on the same channel in the same area, or the technical proposals are otherwise in conflict. See... all later-filed mutually exclusive applications of any type in either service to be “cut off...

47 CFR 76.107 - Exclusivity contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Exclusivity contracts. 76.107 Section 76.107 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout...

47 CFR 76.107 - Exclusivity contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Exclusivity contracts. 76.107 Section 76.107 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout...

47 CFR 76.107 - Exclusivity contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Exclusivity contracts. 76.107 Section 76.107 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout...

47 CFR 76.107 - Exclusivity contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusivity contracts. 76.107 Section 76.107 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout...

47 CFR 76.107 - Exclusivity contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exclusivity contracts. 76.107 Section 76.107 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout...

76 FR 63910 - Notice of Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-14

..., or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning a Device and Method for Inducing Brain... Application Serial No. 61/521,446, entitled ``A Device and Method for Inducing Brain Injury in Animal Test... and method for inducing brain injury in animal test subjects through inflicting pressure-wave or...

Women in the Army - Review of the Combat Exclusion Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-24

regarding the assignment of women to reflect how women Soldiers are serving and what women Soldiers are contributing to military operations today . In...The sub-unit will be closed to women.12 Today , the requirement to reassess the Army’s combat exclusion policy and the DOD law has never been more...direct combat operations were most likely and those area where it was unlikely. However, on the nonlinear battlefields of today with the asymmetric

The impact of perinatal depression on exclusive breastfeeding: a cohort study.

PubMed

Rahman, Atif; Hafeez, Assad; Bilal, Rakshanda; Sikander, Siham; Malik, Abid; Minhas, Fareed; Tomenson, Barbara; Creed, Francis

2016-07-01

Perinatal depression is associated with infant undernutrition. We hypothesised that perinatal depression was associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and reduced quantity of breast milk in rural Pakistan. We used a prospective cohort design to study a population-based sample of 132 depressed and 147 non-depressed women from the third trimester of pregnancy to 6 months post-natal. Current major depressive episode was measured in the third trimester and 6 months post-natal using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Diagnosis. In a convenience sample of 24 depressed and 31 non-depressed exclusively breastfeeding mothers, breast milk quantity was assessed (mL kg(-1) infant weight per 24 h) at 4 months using the dose-to-mother deuterium dilution method. We administered also the Perception of Insufficient Milk questionnaire at 6 months post-natal. Depression was associated with fewer days of exclusive breastfeeding (91.8 (SD = 47.1) vs. 108.7 days (SD = 54.3) (95% CI: 3.4 to 30.3 P = 0.014). Women with persistent depression ceased exclusive breastfeed earliest. There was no difference in the quantity of breast milk produced by depressed and non-depressed mothers: 89.3 (SD = 38.1) vs. 83.9 (29.0) ml/kg infant wt/24 hours, P = 0.57. Depressed mothers were significantly more likely to report insufficient milk: PIM scores were 34.4 (SD = 14.3) for depressed and 39.7 (SD = 10.4) for non-depressed women (P = 0.004). In Cox regression PIM score mediated the association between depression and early cessation of breastfeeding. In this area of rural Pakistan, perinatal depression is associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and this is associated with mothers' perceptions of insufficiency of breast milk but not reduced milk production. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

78 FR 59715 - Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), Alaska OCS Region, Chukchi Sea Planning Area, Proposed Oil and Gas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-27

... . An interested party nominating areas for inclusion in the sale must provide a detailed explanation of... for Exclusion Areas, and Other Comments Interested parties who are requesting area(s) for inclusion in..., Anchorage, Alaska 99503-5823. Requests for proposed exclusion areas or general proposed inclusion areas...

47 CFR 73.132 - Territorial exclusivity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Territorial exclusivity. 73.132 Section 73.132 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES AM Broadcast Stations § 73.132 Territorial exclusivity. No licensee of an AM broadcast station shall have any...

47 CFR 73.132 - Territorial exclusivity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Territorial exclusivity. 73.132 Section 73.132 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES AM Broadcast Stations § 73.132 Territorial exclusivity. No licensee of an AM broadcast station shall have any...

47 CFR 73.132 - Territorial exclusivity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Territorial exclusivity. 73.132 Section 73.132 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES AM Broadcast Stations § 73.132 Territorial exclusivity. No licensee of an AM broadcast station shall have any...

47 CFR 73.132 - Territorial exclusivity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Territorial exclusivity. 73.132 Section 73.132 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES AM Broadcast Stations § 73.132 Territorial exclusivity. No licensee of an AM broadcast station shall have any...

47 CFR 73.132 - Territorial exclusivity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Territorial exclusivity. 73.132 Section 73.132 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES AM Broadcast Stations § 73.132 Territorial exclusivity. No licensee of an AM broadcast station shall have any...

27 CFR 8.52 - Practices which result in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Practices which result in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.52 Practices which result in exclusion. The practices specified in this section result in exclusion under section 105(a) of the Act. The...

27 CFR 8.52 - Practices which result in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Practices which result in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.52 Practices which result in exclusion. The practices specified in this section result in exclusion under section 105(a) of the Act. The...

27 CFR 8.52 - Practices which result in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Practices which result in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.52 Practices which result in exclusion. The practices specified in this section result in exclusion under section 105(a) of the Act. The...

27 CFR 8.52 - Practices which result in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Practices which result in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.52 Practices which result in exclusion. The practices specified in this section result in exclusion under section 105(a) of the Act. The...

27 CFR 8.52 - Practices which result in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Practices which result in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.52 Practices which result in exclusion. The practices specified in this section result in exclusion under section 105(a) of the Act. The...

27 CFR 8.53 - Practice not resulting in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Practice not resulting in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.53 Practice not resulting in exclusion. The practice specified in this section is deemed not to result in exclusion under section 105(a) of...

27 CFR 8.53 - Practice not resulting in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Practice not resulting in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.53 Practice not resulting in exclusion. The practice specified in this section is deemed not to result in exclusion under section 105(a) of...

27 CFR 8.53 - Practice not resulting in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Practice not resulting in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.53 Practice not resulting in exclusion. The practice specified in this section is deemed not to result in exclusion under section 105(a) of...

27 CFR 8.53 - Practice not resulting in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Practice not resulting in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.53 Practice not resulting in exclusion. The practice specified in this section is deemed not to result in exclusion under section 105(a) of...

27 CFR 8.53 - Practice not resulting in exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Practice not resulting in..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Exclusion § 8.53 Practice not resulting in exclusion. The practice specified in this section is deemed not to result in exclusion under section 105(a) of...

75 FR 38940 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Greenland Turbot in the Aleutian Islands...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-07

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XX17 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Greenland Turbot in the Aleutian Islands Subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National... Islands subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to...

7 CFR 205.671 - Exclusion from organic sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Exclusion from organic sale. 205.671 Section 205.671... PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM Administrative Inspection and Testing, Reporting, and Exclusion from Sale § 205.671 Exclusion from organic sale. When residue testing detects prohibited substances at levels that...

46 CFR 16.109 - Public Interest Exclusion (PIE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Public Interest Exclusion (PIE). 16.109 Section 16.109 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN CHEMICAL TESTING General § 16.109 Public Interest Exclusion (PIE). Service agents are subject to Public Interest Exclusion...

20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

20 CFR 416.1230 - Exclusion of life insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusion of life insurance. 416.1230 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1230 Exclusion of life insurance. (a) General. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any), life insurance owned by the individual (and...

20 CFR 416.1230 - Exclusion of life insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion of life insurance. 416.1230 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1230 Exclusion of life insurance. (a) General. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any), life insurance owned by the individual (and...

20 CFR 416.1230 - Exclusion of life insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exclusion of life insurance. 416.1230 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1230 Exclusion of life insurance. (a) General. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any), life insurance owned by the individual (and...

20 CFR 416.1230 - Exclusion of life insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of life insurance. 416.1230 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1230 Exclusion of life insurance. (a) General. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any), life insurance owned by the individual (and...

20 CFR 416.1230 - Exclusion of life insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exclusion of life insurance. 416.1230 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1230 Exclusion of life insurance. (a) General. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any), life insurance owned by the individual (and...

75 FR 55690 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific cod in the Bering...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-14

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XZ01 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries... Sea and Aleutian Islands management area. These actions are necessary to allow the 2010 total...

78 FR 41718 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Kamchatka Flounder in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-11

.... 121018563-3148-02] RIN 0648-XC750 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Kamchatka Flounder in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to prevent exceeding the 2013 Kamchatka flounder initial...

78 FR 52458 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Arrowtooth Flounder in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

.... 121018563-3148-02] RIN 0648-XC816 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Arrowtooth Flounder in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to prevent exceeding the 2013 arrowtooth...

Social exclusion: the interplay of group goals and individual characteristics.

PubMed

Richardson, Cameron B; Hitti, Aline; Mulvey, Kelly Lynn; Killen, Melanie

2014-08-01

Past research has shown that adolescents justify social exclusion based on concerns for group functioning, and yet, to date, no study has evaluated whether group functioning justifications shift or remain stable across different exclusion contexts. In this study, we systematically manipulated exclusion context (i.e., competitive or noncompetitive soccer groups) and individual characteristics of the target of exclusion to test the nature of the interaction between these factors during exclusion judgments. Adolescents' (N = 201; 61% Female) exclusion judgments differed across contexts only when an individual's ability was under consideration. Intergroup (i.e., gender, nationality) and interpersonal (i.e., aggression, shyness) characteristics overwhelmed contextual considerations. Results indicate the complexity of factors weighed by adolescents when making exclusion judgments, and suggest the need for extension of the present findings to understand more fully the interaction between the context of exclusion and individual characteristics in exclusion judgments.

Justice Experiences and Feelings of Exclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Umlauft, Sören; Dalbert, Claudia

2017-01-01

To explain feelings of social exclusion, sociological factors, such as occupation, income and education, come to mind. Feelings of social exclusion, however, may be the result of psychological processes and in particular of (in)justice experiences. Based on just-world research, we hypothesized that (1) the more young people feel treated justly by…

IET. Exclusion guard house (TAN621) and unit substation (TAN622). Elevations ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

IET. Exclusion guard house (TAN-621) and unit substation (TAN-622). Elevations and floor plan. Also show concrete pad for substation. Ralph M. Parsons 902-4-ANP-621-622-A&S 411. Date: February 1954. Approved by INEEL Classification Office for public release. INEEL index code no. 035-0621-60-693-106968 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Determinants of Market Exclusivity for Prescription Drugs in the United States.

PubMed

Kesselheim, Aaron S; Sinha, Michael S; Avorn, Jerry

2017-11-01

The high prices of brand-name prescription drugs are a growing source of controversy in the United States. Manufacturers of brand-name drugs can command high prices because they are protected from generic competition by two types of government-granted monopoly rights. The first are patents on the drugs that generally define the basic period of brand-name-only sales. The second is awarded at the time of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and usually defines the minimum time until a generic can be sold. The initial patents last for 20 years and may be extended to account for time spent in clinical trials and regulatory review; other laws prevent approval of other manufacturers' versions of new drugs for about 6 to 7 years, and for new biologics for 12 years. Overall, most new drugs receive about 12 to 16 years of market exclusivity from both kinds of monopoly protection combined. We reviewed the peer-reviewed medical and health policy literature to identify studies that described the different types of patent protection and regulatory exclusivities that shield brand-name prescription drugs from competition and thus help to sustain high drug prices. We also identified potential policy reforms intended to modify exclusivity periods to address public health needs by balancing drug affordability and industry revenue. The goal of policy in this area should be to ensure that drug market exclusivity periods provide for fair return on investment but do not indefinitely block availability of lower-cost generic drugs.

75 FR 39183 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XX39 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in...: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf...) of Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES: Effective 1200 hrs, Alaska...

77 FR 39649 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

.... 111207737-2141-02] RIN 0648-XC086 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch...: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf...) of Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES: Effective 1200 hrs, Alaska...

78 FR 39631 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

.... 120918468-3111-02] RIN 0648-XC739 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch...: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf... Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES: Effective 1200 hours, Alaska local...

76 FR 39791 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

.... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA542 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch...: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf...) of Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES: Effective 1200 hrs, Alaska...

20 CFR 416.1234 - Exclusion of Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusion of Indian lands. 416.1234 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1234 Exclusion of Indian lands. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any) who is of Indian descent from a federally recognized Indian...

20 CFR 416.1234 - Exclusion of Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of Indian lands. 416.1234 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1234 Exclusion of Indian lands. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any) who is of Indian descent from a federally recognized Indian...

20 CFR 416.1234 - Exclusion of Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exclusion of Indian lands. 416.1234 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1234 Exclusion of Indian lands. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any) who is of Indian descent from a federally recognized Indian...

20 CFR 416.1234 - Exclusion of Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion of Indian lands. 416.1234 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1234 Exclusion of Indian lands. In determining the resources of an individual (and spouse, if any) who is of Indian descent from a federally recognized Indian...

20 CFR 416.1212 - Exclusion of the home.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusion of the home. 416.1212 Section 416..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1212 Exclusion of the home. (a) Defined. A home is... individual resides, the land on which the shelter is located and related outbuildings. (b) Home not counted...

20 CFR 416.1212 - Exclusion of the home.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exclusion of the home. 416.1212 Section 416..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1212 Exclusion of the home. (a) Defined. A home is... individual resides, the land on which the shelter is located and related outbuildings. (b) Home not counted...

20 CFR 416.1212 - Exclusion of the home.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of the home. 416.1212 Section 416..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1212 Exclusion of the home. (a) Defined. A home is... individual resides, the land on which the shelter is located and related outbuildings. (b) Home not counted...

20 CFR 416.1212 - Exclusion of the home.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exclusion of the home. 416.1212 Section 416..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1212 Exclusion of the home. (a) Defined. A home is... individual resides, the land on which the shelter is located and related outbuildings. (b) Home not counted...

20 CFR 416.1212 - Exclusion of the home.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion of the home. 416.1212 Section 416..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1212 Exclusion of the home. (a) Defined. A home is... individual resides, the land on which the shelter is located and related outbuildings. (b) Home not counted...

Social and Occupational Activation of People at Risk of Social Exclusion in Poland against the Background of the EU Cohesion Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sikora, Jan

2017-01-01

The subject of the article is social and occupational activation of persons at risk of social exclusion. The phenomenon of social exclusion is an important socio-economic problem today and an important area for the implementation of the priorities of EU cohesion policy. This policy sets out the indicators to be achieved by 2020. Among the specific…

24 CFR 901.110 - PHA request for exclusion or modification of an indicator or component.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HOUSING, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC HOUSING MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM § 901... right to request the exclusion or modification of any indicator or component in its management... its PHMAP certification submission to the State/Area Office along with supporting documentary...

75 FR 55288 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Northern Rockfish in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XY87 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Northern Rockfish in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... Islands Management Area (BSAI). This action is necessary to fully use the 2010 total allowable catch (TAC...

78 FR 9327 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-08

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC481 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries... in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area. This action is necessary to allow the A...

77 FR 48916 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Arrowtooth Flounder in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-15

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC129 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Arrowtooth Flounder in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to allow the fisheries to continue operating. It is intended...

77 FR 61300 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Atka Mackerel in the Bering...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-09

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC278 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... Amendment 80 cooperatives in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is...

77 FR 44501 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Arrowtooth Flounder in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-30

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC129 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Arrowtooth Flounder in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to allow the fisheries to continue operating. It is intended...

76 FR 59923 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; “Other Rockfish” in the Aleutian Islands...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-28

.... 101126521-0640-2] RIN 0648-XA734 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; ``Other Rockfish'' in the Aleutian Islands Subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National... subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is necessary because...

76 FR 12293 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA260 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries... in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area. This action is necessary to allow the A...

Model of reversible vesicular transport with exclusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bressloff, Paul C.; Karamched, Bhargav R.

2016-08-01

A major question in neurobiology concerns the mechanics behind the motor-driven transport and delivery of vesicles to synaptic targets along the axon of a neuron. Experimental evidence suggests that the distribution of vesicles along the axon is relatively uniform and that vesicular delivery to synapses is reversible. A recent modeling study has made explicit the crucial role that reversibility in vesicular delivery to synapses plays in achieving uniformity in vesicle distribution, so called synaptic democracy (Bressloff et al 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 168101). In this paper we generalize the previous model by accounting for exclusion effects (hard-core repulsion) that may occur between molecular motor-cargo complexes (particles) moving along the same microtubule track. The resulting model takes the form of an exclusion process with four internal states, which distinguish between motile and stationary particles, and whether or not a particle is carrying vesicles. By applying a mean field approximation and an adiabatic approximation we reduce the system of ODEs describing the evolution of occupation numbers of the sites on a 1D lattice to a system of hydrodynamic equations in the continuum limit. We find that reversibility in vesicular delivery allows for synaptic democracy even in the presence of exclusion effects, although exclusion does exacerbate nonuniform distributions of vesicles in an axon when compared with a model without exclusion. We also uncover the relationship between our model and other models of exclusion processes with internal states.

75 FR 3874 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Participating in the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-25

.... 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XT95 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Participating in the Amendment 80 Limited Access Fishery in Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area... management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to prevent exceeding the 2010 Pacific cod total allowable...

Salt exclusion in silane-laced epoxy coatings.

PubMed

Wang, Peng; Schaefer, Dale W

2010-01-05

The corrosion protection mechanism of a one-step silane-laced epoxy coating system was investigated using neutron reflectivity. Pure epoxy and silane-laced epoxy films were examined at equilibrium with saturated NaCl water solution. The results demonstrate that the addition of silane introduces a salt-exclusion effect to epoxy coating. Specifically, the addition of silane densifies the epoxy network, which leads to exclusion of hydrated salt ions by a size effect. The effect is particularly significant at the metal-coating interface. Exclusion of ions improves the corrosion resistance, particularly for metals susceptible to pitting.

14 CFR 93.351 - General requirements for operating in the East River and/or Hudson River Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRAFFIC RULES New York Class B Airspace Hudson River and East River Exclusion Special Flight Rules Area... River or Hudson River as depicted on the New York VFR Terminal Area Chart (TAC) and/or New York Helicopter Route Chart. (d) Have a current New York TAC chart and/or New York Helicopter Route Chart in the...

76 FR 2889 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive and Co-Exclusive Patent License; NanoDynamics Life Sciences...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-18

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Navy Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive and Co-Exclusive Patent License; NanoDynamics Life Sciences, Inc. AGENCY: Department of the Navy, DOD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of the Navy hereby gives notice of its intent to grant to NanoDynamics Life...

76 FR 71913 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; “Other Flatfish” in the Bering Sea Subarea...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-21

... the Bering Sea Subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine... Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to prevent exceeding the... exclusive economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and...

The Combat-Exclusion Policy for Military Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Dorothy; Schneider, Carl J.

1986-01-01

Reviews the history and meaning of the combat exclusion policy for United States servicewomen. Noting that combat duty is often essential to career advancement in the military, this article describes several cases of discrimination resulting from the effects of the combat exclusion. (JDH)

Exclusive Reactions Involving Pions and Nucleons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Norbury, John W.; Blattnig, Steve R.; Tripathi, R. K.

2002-01-01

The HZETRN code requires inclusive cross sections as input. One of the methods used to calculate these cross sections requires knowledge of all exclusive processes contributing to the inclusive reaction. Conservation laws are used to determine all possible exclusive reactions involving strong interactions between pions and nucleons. Inclusive particle masses are subsequently determined and are needed in cross-section calculations for inclusive pion production.

Social Support and Exclusive Breast feeding among Canadian Women.

PubMed

Laugen, Chris M; Islam, Nazrul; Janssen, Patricia A

2016-09-01

The World Health Organization recommendation for exclusive breast feeding for 6 months has been endorsed by Health Canada, the Canadian Pediatric Society, Dietitians of Canada, and the Breastfeeding Committee for Canada as of 2012. This study examines whether social support is associated with exclusive breast feeding up to 6 months among Canadian mothers. We utilised data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and limited our sample to mothers who gave birth in the 5 years prior to the 2009-2010 survey (n = 2133). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between exclusive breast feeding and four dimensions of social support: (i) tangible, (ii) affectionate, (iii) positive social interaction, and (iv) emotional and informational, based on the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. Absolute and relative differences in the probability of breast feeding exclusively and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. In adjusted models, differences in the probability of exclusive breast feeding for 6 months were not different among women with high vs. low social support. The association between social support and breastfeeding exclusively was modified by education level, with significantly higher probability of breast feeding exclusively among women with lower education and high vs. low levels of tangible and affectionate support. Among women with education below a high school level, high tangible and affectionate support significantly increased probability of exclusive breast feeding for 6 months in this study. Efforts to encourage exclusive breast feeding need to address social support for mothers, especially those with lower education. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Baby-Friendly hospital practices and meeting exclusive breastfeeding intention

PubMed Central

Perrine, Cria G.; Scanlon, Kelley S.; Li, Ruowei; Odom, Erika; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.

2015-01-01

Objective To describe mothers’ exclusive breastfeeding intentions and whether Baby-Friendly hospital practices are associated with achieving these intentions. Methods In the 2005–2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II, women completed a prenatal questionnaire and approximately monthly questionnaires through 12 months. Mothers met their prenatal exclusive breastfeeding intention if their duration after the hospital stay (excluding hospital supplementation) equaled or exceeded their intention. Primary predictor variables included 6 Baby-Friendly hospital practices: breastfeeding within one hour of birth, giving only breast milk, rooming in, breastfeeding on demand, no pacifiers, and information on breastfeeding support. Results Among women who prenatally intended to exclusively breastfeed (n=1457), more than 85% intended to do so for 3 months or more. However, only 32.4% of mothers achieved their intended exclusive breastfeeding duration. Mothers who were married and multiparous were more likely to achieve their exclusive breastfeeding intention, while mothers who were obese, smoked, or had longer intended exclusive breastfeeding duration were less likely to meet their intention. Beginning breastfeeding within one hour of birth and not being given supplemental feedings or pacifiers were associated with achieving exclusive breastfeeding intention. After adjustment for all other hospital practices only not receiving supplemental feedings remained significant (aOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.8, 3.1). Conclusion The majority of mothers who intend to exclusively breastfeed are not meeting their intended duration. Increased Baby-Friendly hospital practices, particularly giving only breast milk in the hospital, may help more mothers achieve their exclusive breastfeeding intentions. PMID:22665406

20 CFR 416.1238 - Exclusion of certain housing assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of certain housing assistance. 416.1238 Section 416.1238 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1238 Exclusion of certain housing...

21 CFR 1316.04 - Exclusion from inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion from inspection. 1316.04 Section 1316.04 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS, PRACTICES, AND PROCEDURES Administrative Inspections § 1316.04 Exclusion from inspection. (a) Unless the...

[Allergic colitis in exclusively breast-fed infants].

PubMed

Sierra Salinas, C; Blasco Alonso, J; Olivares Sánchez, L; Barco Gálvez, A; del Río Mapelli, L

2006-02-01

Eosinophilic colitis is induced by antigens present in cow's milk proteins in formula or human milk. In the last few years, an increasing number of cases have been diagnosed in exclusively breast-fed infants. We performed a retrospective study of 13 infants diagnosed with allergic colitis in our unit between January 1997 and January 2004. All the infants had been exclusively breast-fed. In all patients, initial symptoms were digestive (12 with mucus and bloody stools). Onset of symptoms occurred at 0-3 months in 77 %. Laboratory data of the allergic compound were negative. The main locations were the descending and sigmoid colon (75 %). Biopsy demonstrated acute inflammation, with neutrophil infiltration and an increase in eosinophils. In all patients, initial treatment consisted of exclusion of cow's milk proteins from the mother's diet. Ten of the 13 patients showed no improvement, requiring exclusive administration of protein-free hydrolyzate. In 3 infants, breastfeeding was maintained (breastfeeding without cow's milk proteins plus hydrolyzate). Diagnosis of eosinophilic colitis is based on exclusion of other causes of specific colitis and typical endoscopic and ultrastructural findings. Moreover, a satisfactory response to dietary treatment must be demonstrated. This diagnosis should be considered in breast-fed infants with rectal bleeding without involvement of general health status.

78 FR 25878 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

.... 121018563-3148-02] RIN 0648-XC654 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... Bering Sea and Aleutian Island management area (BSAI) by vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

75 FR 3873 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-25

.... 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XT97 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... and the Bering Sea subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI) for vessels...

75 FR 6129 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-08

.... 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XU22 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... and the Bering Sea subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI) by vessels...

77 FR 39441 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-03

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC083 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI) by vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

78 FR 29248 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Alaska Plaice in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-20

.... 121018563-3418-02] RIN 0648-XC687 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Alaska Plaice in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...: NMFS is prohibiting retention of Alaska plaice in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area...

75 FR 69597 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA038 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...: NMFS is prohibiting retention of Pacific cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area...

77 FR 26212 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-03

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC013 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... Bering Sea and Aleutian Island management area (BSAI) by vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

78 FR 35771 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

.... 121018563-3148-02] RIN 0648-XC724 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI) by vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

76 FR 33171 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Alaska Plaice in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA482 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Alaska Plaice in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... management area (BSAI). This action is necessary to prevent exceeding the 2011 Alaska plaice total allowable...

76 FR 65975 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA783 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... district (BS/EAI) of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Island management area (BSAI) by vessels participating in...

The Relationship Between Exclusions from Gambling Arcades and Accessibility: Evidence from a Newly Introduced Exclusion Program in Hesse, Germany.

PubMed

Strohäker, Tanja; Becker, Tilman

2018-02-28

An exclusion system for gambling arcades has been introduced recently in the state of Hesse. The aim of this paper is to identify significant predictors that are useful in explaining the variation of exclusions between different Hessian communities. Next to socio-demographic factors, we control for three different accessibility variables in two models: the number of electronic gambling machines (EGMs) in model I, and the number of locations and density of gambling machines at a location in model II. We disentangle the association between EGMs and exclusions of model I into a location and a clustering effect. Considering the socio-demographic variables, the explanatory power of our cross-sectional models is rather low. Only the age group of the 30-39 years old and those who are not in a partnership (in model I) yield significant results. As self-exclusion systems reduce availability for the group of vulnerable players, this analysis provides evidence for the assumption that the two groups-pathological gamblers and vulnerable players-seem to have little overlap concerning sociodemographic characteristics. The accessibility variables, on the other hand, turn out to be significantly associated with the number of exclusions. All three of them are statistically significant and their association is positive. The results of model II show that the location effect is more pronounced then the clustering effect of EGMs, i.e. the effect of an additional single-licensed arcade on the number of exclusions is stronger than the increase in the number of license at one location.

75 FR 7403 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-19

.... 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XU36 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook-and-Line Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National... using hook-and-line gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is...

31 CFR 598.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 598.503 Section 598.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598.503 Exclusion from licenses. The...

31 CFR 598.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 598.503 Section 598.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598.503 Exclusion from licenses. The...

31 CFR 598.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 598.503 Section 598.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598.503 Exclusion from licenses. The...

31 CFR 598.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 598.503 Section 598.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598.503 Exclusion from licenses. The...

31 CFR 598.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 598.503 Section 598.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598.503 Exclusion from licenses. The...

Vertical intensity modulation for improved radiographic penetration and reduced exclusion zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bendahan, J.; Langeveld, W. G. J.; Bharadwaj, V.; Amann, J.; Limborg, C.; Nosochkov, Y.

2016-09-01

In the present work, a method to direct the X-ray beam in real time to the desired locations in the cargo to increase penetration and reduce exclusion zone is presented. Cargo scanners employ high energy X-rays to produce radiographic images of the cargo. Most new scanners employ dual-energy to produce, in addition to attenuation maps, atomic number information in order to facilitate the detection of contraband. The electron beam producing the bremsstrahlung X-ray beam is usually directed approximately to the center of the container, concentrating the highest X-ray intensity to that area. Other parts of the container are exposed to lower radiation levels due to the large drop-off of the bremsstrahlung radiation intensity as a function of angle, especially for high energies (>6 MV). This results in lower penetration in these areas, requiring higher power sources that increase the dose and exclusion zone. The capability to modulate the X-ray source intensity on a pulse-by-pulse basis to deliver only as much radiation as required to the cargo has been reported previously. This method is, however, controlled by the most attenuating part of the inspected slice, resulting in excessive radiation to other areas of the cargo. A method to direct a dual-energy beam has been developed to provide a more precisely controlled level of required radiation to highly attenuating areas. The present method is based on steering the dual-energy electron beam using magnetic components on a pulse-to-pulse basis to a fixed location on the X-ray production target, but incident at different angles so as to direct the maximum intensity of the produced bremsstrahlung to the desired locations. The details of the technique and subsystem and simulation results are presented.

Work outside the home is the primary barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in rural Viet Nam: insights from mothers who exclusively breastfed and worked.

PubMed

Dearden, Kirk A; Quan, Le Nga; Do, Mai; Marsh, David R; Pachón, Helena; Schroeder, Dirk G; Lang, Tran Thi

2002-12-01

This study assessed barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in rural Viet Nam and identified how a few mothers were able to exclusively breastfeed despite barriers. A cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative assessment was carried out among 120 mothers of infants less than six months old in northern Viet Nam. Only 24% of the mothers exclusively breastfed. Adjusting for infant's age and who attended delivery, the risk of not exclusively breastfeeding was 14.0 times greater for women who had returned to work than for women who had not. Exclusively breastfeeding mothers (n = 4) who worked differed from other mothers in important ways. They all felt they had enough milk, all knew the appropriate time to introduce foods and liquids, and most were supported in their breastfeeding decisions by commune health workers and family members. This research suggests strategies that can be implemented now to increase exclusive breastfeeding in rural work environments. These include improving knowledge about the introduction of water and semi-solids, addressing perceptions of milk insufficiency, securing support from others, and presenting mothers with options for exclusively breastfeeding, even when they work outside the home.

40 CFR 152.83 - Definition of exclusive use study.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Data Submitters' Rights § 152.83 Definition of exclusive use study. A study is an exclusive use... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definition of exclusive use study. 152.83 Section 152.83 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE...

42 CFR 1001.102 - Length of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Length of exclusion. 1001.102 Section 1001.102 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS Mandatory Exclusions § 1001.102 Length...

42 CFR 1001.102 - Length of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Length of exclusion. 1001.102 Section 1001.102 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS Mandatory Exclusions § 1001.102 Length...

42 CFR 1001.102 - Length of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Length of exclusion. 1001.102 Section 1001.102 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS Mandatory Exclusions § 1001.102 Length...

42 CFR 1001.102 - Length of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Length of exclusion. 1001.102 Section 1001.102 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS Mandatory Exclusions § 1001.102 Length...

42 CFR 1001.102 - Length of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Length of exclusion. 1001.102 Section 1001.102 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS Mandatory Exclusions § 1001.102 Length...

Disciplinary Exclusion: The Influence of School Ethos

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hatton, Lucy Ann

2013-01-01

Disciplinary exclusion is a strategy used by some schools in response to challenging behaviour. While some studies have explored interventions that can be implemented to reduce the exclusion of "at risk" pupils, others have considered how the underlying school ethos influences how challenging behaviour is understood and managed. The…

41 CFR 105-1.101-50 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Exclusions. 105-1.101-50 Section 105-1.101-50 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations... Exclusions. (a) Certain GSA property management and related policies and procedures which come within the...

31 CFR 510.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 510.503 Section 510.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE..., Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.503 Exclusion from licenses. The Office of Foreign...

31 CFR 510.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 510.503 Section 510.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE..., Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.503 Exclusion from licenses. The Office of Foreign...

31 CFR 510.503 - Exclusion from licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Exclusion from licenses. 510.503 Section 510.503 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE..., Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.503 Exclusion from licenses. The Office of Foreign...

42 CFR 1001.1801 - Waivers of exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS Waivers and Effect of Exclusion § 1001... health care program that an exclusion from that program be waived with respect to an individual or entity...

Social Judgments and Emotion Attributions about Exclusion in Switzerland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malti, Tina; Killen, Melanie; Gasser, Luciano

2012-01-01

Adolescents' social judgments and emotion attributions about exclusion in three contexts, nationality, gender, and personality, were measured in a sample of 12- and 15-year-old Swiss and non-Swiss adolescents (N = 247). Overall, adolescents judged exclusion based on nationality as less acceptable than exclusion based on gender or personality.…

Wiring economy and volume exclusion determine neuronal placement in the Drosophila brain.

PubMed

Rivera-Alba, Marta; Vitaladevuni, Shiv N; Mishchenko, Yuriy; Mischenko, Yuriy; Lu, Zhiyuan; Takemura, Shin-Ya; Scheffer, Lou; Meinertzhagen, Ian A; Chklovskii, Dmitri B; de Polavieja, Gonzalo G

2011-12-06

Wiring economy has successfully explained the individual placement of neurons in simple nervous systems like that of Caenorhabditis elegans [1-3] and the locations of coarser structures like cortical areas in complex vertebrate brains [4]. However, it remains unclear whether wiring economy can explain the placement of individual neurons in brains larger than that of C. elegans. Indeed, given the greater number of neuronal interconnections in larger brains, simply minimizing the length of connections results in unrealistic configurations, with multiple neurons occupying the same position in space. Avoiding such configurations, or volume exclusion, repels neurons from each other, thus counteracting wiring economy. Here we test whether wiring economy together with volume exclusion can explain the placement of neurons in a module of the Drosophila melanogaster brain known as lamina cartridge [5-13]. We used newly developed techniques for semiautomated reconstruction from serial electron microscopy (EM) [14] to obtain the shapes of neurons, the location of synapses, and the resultant synaptic connectivity. We show that wiring length minimization and volume exclusion together can explain the structure of the lamina microcircuit. Therefore, even in brains larger than that of C. elegans, at least for some circuits, optimization can play an important role in individual neuron placement. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Satellite Power System (SPS) mapping of exclusion areas for rectenna sites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blackburn, J. B., Jr.; Bavinger, B. A.

1978-01-01

The areas of the United States that were not available as potential sites for receiving antennas that are an integral part of the Satellite Power System concept are presented. Thirty-six variables with the potential to exclude the rectenna were mapped and coded in a computer. Some of these variables exclude a rectenna from locating within the area of its spatial influence, and other variables potentially exclude the rectenna. These maps of variables were assembled from existing data and were mapped on a grid system.

Exclusive processes and the fundamental structure of hadrons

DOE PAGES

Brodsky, Stanley J.

2015-01-20

I review the historical development of QCD predictions for exclusive hadronic processes, beginning with constituent counting rules and the quark interchange mechanism, phenomena which gave early validation for the quark structure of hadrons. The subsequent development of pQCD factorization theorems for hard exclusive amplitudes and the development of evolution equations for the hadron distribution amplitudes provided a rigorous framework for calculating hadronic form factors and hard scattering exclusive scattering processes at high momentum transfer. I also give a brief introduction to the field of "light-front holography" and the insights it brings to quark confinement, the behavior of the QCD couplingmore » in the nonperturbative domain, as well as hadron spectroscopy and the dynamics of exclusive processes.« less

Exclusive processes and the fundamental structure of hadrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brodsky, Stanley J.

I review the historical development of QCD predictions for exclusive hadronic processes, beginning with constituent counting rules and the quark interchange mechanism, phenomena which gave early validation for the quark structure of hadrons. The subsequent development of pQCD factorization theorems for hard exclusive amplitudes and the development of evolution equations for the hadron distribution amplitudes provided a rigorous framework for calculating hadronic form factors and hard scattering exclusive scattering processes at high momentum transfer. I also give a brief introduction to the field of "light-front holography" and the insights it brings to quark confinement, the behavior of the QCD couplingmore » in the nonperturbative domain, as well as hadron spectroscopy and the dynamics of exclusive processes.« less

An evaluation of post-campaign knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding in Uganda.

PubMed

Gupta, Neeru; Katende, Charles; Bessinger, Ruth

2004-12-01

Despite the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for the health of mothers and children, its practice has markedly declined throughout the developing world. Mass media-communication programmes could play an important role in reversing this trend. This study evaluated the extent to which exposure to behaviour change communication (BCC) messages in the media determined recent improvements in exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices in areas targeted by the Delivery of Improved Services for Health (DISH) Project of Uganda. Data were drawn from the 1999 DISH Evaluation Survey. The survey collected information from representative samples of women and men of reproductive age. Multiple logistic regressions were used for assessing the independent influences of BCC exposure on breastfeeding knowledge and practices, controlling for several confounding factors. The results indicated that the exposure to BCC messages was strongly associated with women's knowledge of six months as the ideal duration for exclusive breastfeeding. Positive influences on knowledge of men were also found. Media effects on women's current practice of exclusively breastfeeding their infants up to six months were less conclusive, possibly because of the short interval between the launch of the BCC campaign and survey implementation. While there was some evidence of bias of self-reported exposure, results of exploratory analysis of the indirect effects of communication campaigns suggest that impacts may be compounded as overall awareness is increased at the community level eventually leading to improved knowledge among individuals.

Details on Exclusive Use Data Protection for Minor Use Registrations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document provides information about issues related to exclusive use data protection for minor use registrations, including extension of the exclusive use period and establishing a new exclusive use period.

21 CFR 316.34 - FDA recognition of exclusive approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false FDA recognition of exclusive approval. 316.34... (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE ORPHAN DRUGS Orphan-drug Exclusive Approval § 316.34 FDA recognition of exclusive approval. (a) FDA will send the sponsor (or, the permanent-resident agent, if applicable) timely...

21 CFR 316.34 - FDA recognition of exclusive approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false FDA recognition of exclusive approval. 316.34... (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE ORPHAN DRUGS Orphan-drug Exclusive Approval § 316.34 FDA recognition of exclusive approval. (a) FDA will send the sponsor (or, the permanent-resident agent, if applicable) timely...

21 CFR 316.34 - FDA recognition of exclusive approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false FDA recognition of exclusive approval. 316.34... (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE ORPHAN DRUGS Orphan-drug Exclusive Approval § 316.34 FDA recognition of exclusive approval. (a) FDA will send the sponsor (or, the permanent-resident agent, if applicable) timely...

21 CFR 316.34 - FDA recognition of exclusive approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false FDA recognition of exclusive approval. 316.34... (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE ORPHAN DRUGS Orphan-drug Exclusive Approval § 316.34 FDA recognition of exclusive approval. (a) FDA will send the sponsor (or, the permanent-resident agent, if applicable) timely...

21 CFR 316.34 - FDA recognition of exclusive approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false FDA recognition of exclusive approval. 316.34... (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE ORPHAN DRUGS Orphan-drug Exclusive Approval § 316.34 FDA recognition of exclusive approval. (a) FDA will send the sponsor (or, the permanent-resident agent, if applicable) timely...

7 CFR 1b.3 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Categorical exclusions. 1b.3 Section 1b.3 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 1b.3 Categorical exclusions... individual or cumulative effect on the human environment and are excluded from the preparation of...

Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in the Ayeyarwaddy Region in Myanmar: Qualitative findings from mothers, grandmothers, and husbands.

PubMed

Thet, May Me; Khaing, Ei Ei; Diamond-Smith, Nadia; Sudhinaraset, May; Oo, Sandar; Aung, Tin

2016-01-01

Myanmar has low rates of exclusive breastfeeding despite many decades of efforts to increase this practice. The purpose of this study is to examine the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and how different household members participate in decision-making. We conducted semi-structured interviews with mothers with an infant 6-12 months (24), and a subset of their husbands (10) and their mothers/mothers-in-laws (grandmothers) (10) in rural and urban areas of Laputta, Myanmar. Respondents had high levels of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, but low adherence. One of the primary barriers to exclusive breastfeeding was that mothers, husbands, and grandmothers believed that exclusive breastfeeding was not sufficient for babies and solid foods and water were necessary. Water and mashed up rice were commonly introduced before 6 months of age. Mothers also faced barriers to exclusive breastfeeding due to the need to return to work outside the home and health related problems. Other family members provide support for mothers in their breastfeeding, however, most respondents stated that decisions about breastfeeding and child feeding were made by the mother herself. Mothers in this part of Myanmar know about exclusive breastfeeding, but need more knowledge about its importance and benefits to encourage them to practice it. More information for other family members could improve adherence to exclusive breastfeeding, as family members often provide food to children and support to breastfeeding mothers. Support for mothers to be able to continue breastfeeding once they return to work and in the face of health problems is also important. Finally, additional information about the types of foods that infants need once they cease breastfeeding could improve infant and child health. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The infection of questing Dermacentor reticulatus ticks with Babesia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the Chernobyl exclusion zone.

PubMed

Karbowiak, Grzegorz; Vichová, Bronislavá; Slivinska, Kateryna; Werszko, Joanna; Didyk, Julia; Peťko, Branislav; Stanko, Michal; Akimov, Igor

2014-08-29

Tick occurrence was studied in the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ) during the August-October 2009-2012. Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected using the flagging method and then screened for infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia canis by a PCR method incorporating specific primers and sequence analysis. The prevalence of infection with B. canis canis and A. phagocytophilum was found to be 3.41% and 25.36%, respectively. The results present the first evidence of B. canis canis and A. phagocytophilum in questing D. reticulatus ticks from the Chernobyl exclusion zone. They also reveal the presence of tick-borne disease foci in areas with no human activity, and confirm that they can be maintained in areas after a nuclear disaster with radioactive contamination. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 1.72-4 - Exclusion ratio.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... consideration is given for a particular contract which provides for two or more annuity elements, an exclusion... aggregate of the expected returns under all the annuity elements provided thereunder. However, where the... elements are acquired for a single consideration, see paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.72-6. (3) The exclusion ratio...

26 CFR 1.72-4 - Exclusion ratio.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... consideration is given for a particular contract which provides for two or more annuity elements, an exclusion... aggregate of the expected returns under all the annuity elements provided thereunder. However, where the... elements are acquired for a single consideration, see paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.72-6. (3) The exclusion ratio...

26 CFR 1.72-4 - Exclusion ratio.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... consideration is given for a particular contract which provides for two or more annuity elements, an exclusion... aggregate of the expected returns under all the annuity elements provided thereunder. However, where the... elements are acquired for a single consideration, see paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.72-6. (3) The exclusion ratio...

26 CFR 1.72-4 - Exclusion ratio.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... consideration is given for a particular contract which provides for two or more annuity elements, an exclusion... aggregate of the expected returns under all the annuity elements provided thereunder. However, where the... elements are acquired for a single consideration, see paragraph (b)(1) of § 1.72-6. (3) The exclusion ratio...

Exclusion from School and Recognition of Difference

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCluskey, Gillean; Riddell, Sheila; Weedon, Elisabet; Fordyce, Mariela

2016-01-01

There has been an overall decrease in exclusion rates and numbers in recent years across the UK. This change has often been heralded as evidence that national inclusion policies are "working" and that schools themselves are becoming increasingly inclusive. This article examines findings from a recent study on school exclusion in Wales,…

42 CFR 438.808 - Exclusion of entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusion of entities. 438.808 Section 438.808... Exclusion of entities. (a) General rule. FFP is available in payments under MCO contracts only if the State excludes from the contracts any entities described in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Entities that must...

42 CFR 438.808 - Exclusion of entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exclusion of entities. 438.808 Section 438.808... Exclusion of entities. (a) General rule. FFP is available in payments under MCO contracts only if the State excludes from the contracts any entities described in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Entities that must...

29 CFR 780.309 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.309 Section 780.309 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.309 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(1) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 780.317 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.317 Section 780.317 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.317 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(2) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 780.317 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.317 Section 780.317 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.317 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(2) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 780.317 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.317 Section 780.317 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.317 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(2) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 780.309 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.309 Section 780.309 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.309 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(1) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 780.309 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.309 Section 780.309 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.309 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(1) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 780.317 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.317 Section 780.317 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.317 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(2) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 780.309 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.309 Section 780.309 Labor...) Statutory Provisions § 780.309 Man-day exclusion. Section 3(e)(1) specifically excludes from the employer's man-day total (as defined in section 3(u)) employees who qualify for exemption under section 13(a)(6...

29 CFR 18.615 - Exclusion of witnesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Witnesses § 18.615 Exclusion of witnesses. At the... authorize exclusion of a party who is a natural person, or an officer or employee of a party which is not a natural person designated as its representative by its attorney, or a person whose presence is shown by a...

29 CFR 18.615 - Exclusion of witnesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Witnesses § 18.615 Exclusion of witnesses. At the... authorize exclusion of a party who is a natural person, or an officer or employee of a party which is not a natural person designated as its representative by its attorney, or a person whose presence is shown by a...

29 CFR 18.615 - Exclusion of witnesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Witnesses § 18.615 Exclusion of witnesses. At the... authorize exclusion of a party who is a natural person, or an officer or employee of a party which is not a natural person designated as its representative by its attorney, or a person whose presence is shown by a...

29 CFR 18.615 - Exclusion of witnesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Witnesses § 18.615 Exclusion of witnesses. At the... authorize exclusion of a party who is a natural person, or an officer or employee of a party which is not a natural person designated as its representative by its attorney, or a person whose presence is shown by a...

29 CFR 18.615 - Exclusion of witnesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Witnesses § 18.615 Exclusion of witnesses. At the... authorize exclusion of a party who is a natural person, or an officer or employee of a party which is not a natural person designated as its representative by its attorney, or a person whose presence is shown by a...

An assessment of exclusive.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-01-01

More than 70% of motorists returning a questionnaire distributed for the study favored the exclusive/permissive signal, while about 17% said the signal reduced delays, and 30% said it created a hazard. Intersections with one or more right-turn-on-red...

Peer Exclusion During the Pubertal Transition: The Role of Social Competence.

PubMed

Carter, Rona; Halawah, Amira; Trinh, Sarah L

2018-01-01

For some youth, early puberty is accompanied by peer exclusion. Yet early developers may experience less peer exclusion if they have social competence, which would bolster their ability to develop and maintain positive relationships with their peers. Accordingly, the present study tests whether pubertal timing and tempo predicts decrements in children's social competence and whether decrements in social competence account for associations between puberty (timing and tempo) and peer exclusion over time. Longitudinal data were drawn from 1364 families (48% female; 76% White; M = 9.32 years, SD = .48, at Wave 3) who participated in Waves 3-5 (i.e., grades 4-6) of Phase III of the NICHD-SECCYD. The results from latent growth curve models indicated that earlier pubertal timing and more rapid pubertal tempo among girls were associated with high initial levels of peer exclusion. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that early developers' susceptibility to peer exclusion was associated with their initial level of social competence. In boys, pubertal timing and tempo were not directly associated with peer exclusion; instead, indirect effects of pubertal timing on peer exclusion (intercept, slope) occurred through initial levels of social competence. On average, early developers' who had low levels of social competence also had high initial levels of peer exclusion but experienced decrements in peer exclusion over time. The association between the intercepts for puberty and peer exclusion and the slopes for social competence and peer exclusion were stronger for boys than girls. Overall, our findings suggest that early developers' susceptibility to and experiences of peer exclusion are associated with their development of social competence.

75 FR 53874 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pelagic Shelf Rockfish for Vessels...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-02

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XY71 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pelagic Shelf Rockfish for Vessels Participating in the Rockfish Entry Level Fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the... for pelagic shelf rockfish for vessels participating in the rockfish entry level fishery in the...

78 FR 61398 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-117] Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of intent to grant exclusive... Aeronautics and Space Administration. The prospective exclusive license will comply with the terms and...

20 CFR 416.1233 - Exclusion of certain underpayments from resources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of certain underpayments from resources. 416.1233 Section 416.1233 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1233 Exclusion of certain...

Family support and exclusive breastfeeding among Yogyakarta mothers in employment.

PubMed

Ratnasari, Dewi; Paramashanti, Bunga Astria; Hadi, Hamam; Yugistyowati, Anafrin; Astiti, Dewi; Nurhayati, Eka

2017-06-01

Exclusive breastfeeding provides many benefits to both infants and mothers. Despite the introduction of laws aimed at protecting the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding remains low, particularly for working mothers. This crosssectional study recruited working mothers employed in medium and large companies in Bantul District, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study participants were 158 working mothers whose children were aged 6- 12 months, and they were selected using the probability proportional to size technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression. Adequate family support for breastfeeding (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.25-6.53) and a high paternal education level (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.11- 6.48) were significantly associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers. However, the infant's sex and age, parity, and the mother's age and education level were unassociated with exclusive breastfeeding. Family support and a high paternal education level are crucial in enabling working mothers to practice exclusive breastfeeding. Interventions that promote exclusive breastfeeding should focus on involving the husband and other family members in health care programs related to breastfeeding.

Children's judgements and emotions about social exclusion based on weight.

PubMed

Nguyen, Christine; Malti, Tina

2014-09-01

This study examined children's judgements and emotions associated with weight-based social exclusion using an ethnically diverse sample of one hundred and seventeen 9- and 13-year-old children. Children were interviewed about three scenarios depicting weight-based exclusion in athletic, academic, and social contexts. Children's judgements of exclusion, emotions attributed to the excluder and excluded targets, and justifications for judgements and emotions were examined. Overall, children judged weight-based exclusion to be wrong for moral reasons. However, they viewed weight-based exclusion in athletic contexts as less wrong compared with academic contexts, and they used more social-conventional reasoning to justify judgements and emotions attributed to excluders in athletic contexts compared with academic and social contexts. Children also expected excluded targets to feel negative emotions, whereas a range of positive and negative emotions was attributed to excluders. In addition, older children were more accepting of weight-based exclusion in athletic contexts than in academic and social contexts. We discuss the results in relation to the development of children's understanding of, and emotions associated with, exclusion based on weight. © 2014 The British Psychological Society.

Testing the exclusivity effect in location memory.

PubMed

Clark, Daniel P A; Dunn, Andrew K; Baguley, Thom

2013-01-01

There is growing literature exploring the possibility of parallel retrieval of location memories, although this literature focuses primarily on the speed of retrieval with little attention to the accuracy of location memory recall. Baguley, Lansdale, Lines, and Parkin (2006) found that when a person has two or more memories for an object's location, their recall accuracy suggests that only one representation can be retrieved at a time (exclusivity). This finding is counterintuitive given evidence of non-exclusive recall in the wider memory literature. The current experiment explored the exclusivity effect further and aimed to promote an alternative outcome (i.e., independence or superadditivity) by encouraging the participants to combine multiple representations of space at encoding or retrieval. This was encouraged by using anchor (points of reference) labels that could be combined to form a single strongly associated combination. It was hypothesised that the ability to combine the anchor labels would allow the two representations to be retrieved concurrently, generating higher levels of recall accuracy. The results demonstrate further support for the exclusivity hypothesis, showing no significant improvement in recall accuracy when there are multiple representations of a target object's location as compared to a single representation.

Rationality alters the rank between peer punishment and social exclusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sui, Xiukai; Wu, Bin; Wang, Long

2018-02-01

Peer punishment and social exclusion are two ways to punish free-riders. Previous work usually focuses on how their presence, either peer punishment or social exclusion, shapes the evolution of cooperation. Little attention has been given to which of these two strategies is favored by natural selection when they are both present. Here we investigate how rationality alters the ranking of these two strategies. Under weak rationality, for compulsory public goods games, peer punishment has an evolutionary advantage over social exclusion if the efficiency of punishment or the cost of exclusion is high. Furthermore, this rank is preserved for voluntary public goods games where loners are involved. Under strong rationality, however, peer punishment cannot prevail over social exclusion for both compulsory and voluntary public goods games. This indicates that rationality greatly alters the rank between peer punishment and social exclusion. Moreover, we find that this ranking is sensitive to the rationality. Our work thus gives an insight into how different types of punishment evolve.

50 CFR Figure 17 to Part 679 - Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA) 17 Figure 17 to part 679 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE...

50 CFR Figure 17 to Part 679 - Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA) 17 Figure 17 to part 679 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE...

50 CFR Figure 17 to Part 679 - Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA) 17 Figure 17 to part 679 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE...

50 CFR Figure 17 to Part 679 - Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Northern Bering Sea Research Area and Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area (HCA) 17 Figure 17 to part 679 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OF THE EXCLUSIVE...

Social exclusion impairs distractor suppression but not target enhancement in selective attention.

PubMed

Xu, Mengsi; Li, Zhiai; Diao, Liuting; Fan, Lingxia; Zhang, Lijie; Yuan, Shuge; Yang, Dong

2017-11-01

Social exclusion has been thought to weaken one's ability to exert inhibitory control. Existing studies have primarily focused on the relationship between exclusion and behavioral inhibition, and have reported that exclusion impairs behavioral inhibition. However, whether exclusion also affects selective attention, another important aspect of inhibitory control, remains unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore whether social exclusion impairs selective attention, and to specifically examine its effect on two hypothesized mechanisms of selective attention: target enhancement and distractor suppression. The Cyberball game was used to manipulate social exclusion. Participants then performed a visual search task while event-related potentials were recorded. In the visual search task, target and salient distractor were either both presented laterally or one was presented on the vertical midline and the other laterally. Results showed that social exclusion differentially affected target and distractor processing. While exclusion impaired distractor suppression, reflected as smaller distractor-positivity (Pd) amplitudes for the exclusion group compared to the inclusion group, it did not affect target enhancement, reflected as similar target-negativity (Nt) amplitudes for both the exclusion and inclusion groups. Together, these results extend our understanding of the relationship between exclusion and inhibitory control, and suggest that social exclusion affects selective attention in a more complex manner than previously thought. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

75 FR 53873 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Vessels...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-02

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XY70 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Vessels Participating in the Rockfish Entry Level Fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the... for Pacific ocean perch for vessels participating in the rockfish entry level fishery in the Central...

75 FR 53875 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Northern Rockfish for Vessels Participating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-02

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XY72 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Northern Rockfish for Vessels Participating in the Rockfish Entry Level Fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of... northern rockfish for vessels participating in the rockfish entry level fishery in the Central Regulatory...

Exclusive Breastfeeding Experiences among Mexican American Women.

PubMed

Wambach, Karen; Domian, Elaine Williams; Page-Goertz, Sallie; Wurtz, Heather; Hoffman, Kelli

2016-02-01

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hispanic breastfeeding mothers begin early formula supplementation at higher rates than other ethnic groups, which can lead to shorter breastfeeding duration and decreased exclusive breastfeeding. Acculturation, the process of adopting beliefs and behaviors of another culture, appears to influence breastfeeding practices of Hispanic women in the United States. Little is known about Mexican American mothers' formula use and exclusive breastfeeding within the context of acculturation. Our study identified perceived benefits and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and levels of acculturation among Mexican American women living in a Midwestern city. We used a qualitative descriptive design integrating Pender's Health Promotion Model concepts. Individual interviews were conducted in English or Spanish (N = 21). The revised Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans was used to examine acculturation levels. Acculturation scores indicated that the majority (66%) of the sample was "very Mexican oriented." Most women exclusively breastfed, with a few using early supplementation for "insufficient milk production." Three themes emerged: (1) It is natural that a woman give life and also provide the best food for her baby; (2) Breastfeeding is ultimately a woman's decision but is influenced by tradition, guidance, and encouragement; and (3) Breast milk is superior but life circumstances can challenge one's ability to breastfeed. Strong familial/cultural traditions supported and normalized breastfeeding. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding were similar to breastfeeding women in general, in the United States. Findings support the need for culturally competent and individualized lactation care. © The Author(s) 2015.

Social Exclusion in Childhood: A Developmental Intergroup Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Killen, Melanie; Mulvey, Kelly Lynn; Hitti, Aline

2013-01-01

"Interpersonal" rejection and "intergroup" exclusion in childhood reflect different, but complementary, aspects of child development. Interpersonal rejection focuses on individual differences in personality traits, such as wariness and being fearful, to explain bully-victim relationships. In contrast, intergroup exclusion focuses on how in-group…

The exclusion problem in seasonally forced epidemiological systems.

PubMed

Greenman, J V; Adams, B

2015-02-21

The pathogen exclusion problem is the problem of finding control measures that will exclude a pathogen from an ecological system or, if the system is already disease-free, maintain it in that state. To solve this problem we work within a holistic control theory framework which is consistent with conventional theory for simple systems (where there is no external forcing and constant controls) and seamlessly generalises to complex systems that are subject to multiple component seasonal forcing and targeted variable controls. We develop, customise and integrate a range of numerical and algebraic procedures that provide a coherent methodology powerful enough to solve the exclusion problem in the general case. An important aspect of our solution procedure is its two-stage structure which reveals the epidemiological consequences of the controls used for exclusion. This information augments technical and economic considerations in the design of an acceptable exclusion strategy. Our methodology is used in two examples to show how time-varying controls can exploit the interference and reinforcement created by the external and internal lag structure and encourage the system to 'take over' some of the exclusion effort. On-off control switching, resonant amplification, optimality and controllability are important issues that emerge in the discussion. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the healthy newborn.

PubMed

Mazo-Tomé, Pedro Luis Del; Suárez-Rodríguez, Marta

2018-01-01

The best nourishment for infants during the first 6 months of life is exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended along with other food to complement the diet until the child is 2 years old, as long as the mother and the child are willing to continue with it. The objectives of this study were to determine he exclusive breastfeeding rate in full term newborns at hospital discharge and 15 days later and to analyze the factors that positively affect the exclusive breastfeeding. A prospective study was conducted in which a sample of postpartum women with full term newborns was recruited during hospital admission. Different variables were compiled and two interviews were made to determine the kind of feeding they were giving their children and if it was maintained at 15 days of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding rate at hospital discharge is much lower than recommended. It significantly decreases at 15 days of birth, increasing artificial feeding. It seems that having a vaginal birth, no complications giving birth, providing early breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room are predisposing factors necessary to establish a good breastfeeding at hospital discharge. Despite the efforts of professionals, the percentage of newborns with exclusive breastfeeding at birth is not enough for the current recommendations. Copyright: © 2018 Permanyer.

42 CFR 1002.210 - Permissive exclusions; general authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Permissive exclusions; general authority. 1002.210 Section 1002.210 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... § 1002.210 Permissive exclusions; general authority. The State agency must have administrative procedures...

Participation of pregnant women in a community-based nutrition program in Mumbai's informal settlements: Effect on exclusive breastfeeding practices

PubMed Central

Waingankar, Anagha; Shah More, Neena; Pantvaidya, Shanti; Fernandez, Armida; Jayaraman, Anuja

2018-01-01

Background In urban Maharashtra, India, approximately half of mothers exclusively breastfeed. For children residing in informal settlements of Mumbai, this study examines factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding, and whether exclusive breastfeeding, in a community-based nutrition program to prevent and treat wasting among children under age three, is associated with enrolment during the mother’s pregnancy. Methods The nutrition program conducted a cross-sectional endline survey (October-December 2015) of caregivers in intervention areas. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding for infants under six months of age were explored using multi-level logistic regressions. Additionally, program surveillance data collected during home-based counselling visits documented breastfeeding practices for children under six months of age. Using the surveillance data (January 2014-March 2016), exclusive breastfeeding status was regressed adjusting for child, maternal and socioeconomic characteristics, and whether the child was enrolled in the program in utero or after birth. Results The community-based endline survey included 888 mothers of infants. Mothers who received the nutrition program home visits or attended group counselling sessions were more likely to exclusively breastfeed (adjusted odds ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.16, 2.41). Having a normal weight-for-height z-score (adjusted odds ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.00, 2.45) was associated positively with exclusive breastfeeding. As expected, being an older infant aged three to five months (adjusted odds ratio 0.34, 95% CI 0.25, 0.48) and receiving a prelacteal feed after birth (adjusted odds ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.41, 0.80) were associated with lower odds of exclusively breastfeeding. Surveillance data (N = 3420) indicate that infants enrolled in utero have significantly higher odds of being exclusively breastfed (adjusted odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.30, 1.84) than infants enrolled after birth. Conclusions Prenatal enrolment in

Participation of pregnant women in a community-based nutrition program in Mumbai's informal settlements: Effect on exclusive breastfeeding practices.

PubMed

Chanani, Sheila; Waingankar, Anagha; Shah More, Neena; Pantvaidya, Shanti; Fernandez, Armida; Jayaraman, Anuja

2018-01-01

In urban Maharashtra, India, approximately half of mothers exclusively breastfeed. For children residing in informal settlements of Mumbai, this study examines factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding, and whether exclusive breastfeeding, in a community-based nutrition program to prevent and treat wasting among children under age three, is associated with enrolment during the mother's pregnancy. The nutrition program conducted a cross-sectional endline survey (October-December 2015) of caregivers in intervention areas. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding for infants under six months of age were explored using multi-level logistic regressions. Additionally, program surveillance data collected during home-based counselling visits documented breastfeeding practices for children under six months of age. Using the surveillance data (January 2014-March 2016), exclusive breastfeeding status was regressed adjusting for child, maternal and socioeconomic characteristics, and whether the child was enrolled in the program in utero or after birth. The community-based endline survey included 888 mothers of infants. Mothers who received the nutrition program home visits or attended group counselling sessions were more likely to exclusively breastfeed (adjusted odds ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.16, 2.41). Having a normal weight-for-height z-score (adjusted odds ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.00, 2.45) was associated positively with exclusive breastfeeding. As expected, being an older infant aged three to five months (adjusted odds ratio 0.34, 95% CI 0.25, 0.48) and receiving a prelacteal feed after birth (adjusted odds ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.41, 0.80) were associated with lower odds of exclusively breastfeeding. Surveillance data (N = 3420) indicate that infants enrolled in utero have significantly higher odds of being exclusively breastfed (adjusted odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.30, 1.84) than infants enrolled after birth. Prenatal enrolment in community-based programs working on

9 CFR 354.246 - Exclusion of diseased persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exclusion of diseased persons. 354.246 Section 354.246 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... Sanitary Conditions and Precautions Against Contamination of Products § 354.246 Exclusion of diseased...

17 CFR 242.505 - Exclusion for news media.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion for news media. 242.505 Section 242.505 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED...-Analyst Certification § 242.505 Exclusion for news media. No provision of this Regulation AC shall apply...

17 CFR 242.505 - Exclusion for news media.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusion for news media. 242.505 Section 242.505 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED...-Analyst Certification § 242.505 Exclusion for news media. No provision of this Regulation AC shall apply...

17 CFR 242.505 - Exclusion for news media.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion for news media. 242.505 Section 242.505 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED...-Analyst Certification § 242.505 Exclusion for news media. No provision of this Regulation AC shall apply...

17 CFR 242.505 - Exclusion for news media.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exclusion for news media. 242.505 Section 242.505 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED...-Analyst Certification § 242.505 Exclusion for news media. No provision of this Regulation AC shall apply...

17 CFR 242.505 - Exclusion for news media.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exclusion for news media. 242.505 Section 242.505 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED...-Analyst Certification § 242.505 Exclusion for news media. No provision of this Regulation AC shall apply...

76 FR 23819 - Prospective Granting of an Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-28

... contemplating granting a worldwide exclusive license to AES Raptor, LLC, located in North Kansas City, Missouri. Under this exclusive license, only AES Raptor, LLC would be permitted to commercialize the technology...

76 FR 35480 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

... Exclusive License AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of intent to grant exclusive license. SUMMARY: This notice is issued in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 209(c)(1) and 37 CFR 404.7(a)(1)(i). NASA hereby gives notice of its intent to grant an exclusive patent and copyright license in...

12 CFR 367.5 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... also prohibited from conducting business with FDIC as agents or representatives of other contractors... bars to contracting are shown to exist, the existence of a cause for exclusion does not necessarily...

48 CFR 32.404 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Advance Payments for Non-Commercial Items 32.404 Exclusions. (a) This subpart... equivalent amount of the applicable foreign currency); and (ii) The advance payment is required by the laws...

48 CFR 32.404 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Advance Payments for Non-Commercial Items 32.404 Exclusions. (a) This subpart... equivalent amount of the applicable foreign currency); and (ii) The advance payment is required by the laws...

Young mothers, first time parenthood and exclusive breastfeeding in Kenya.

PubMed

Naanyu, Violet

2008-12-01

Breastfeeding behaviour is explored in Kenya using data collected in the town of Eldoret, Kenya. This paper specifically examines duration of exclusive breastfeeding among young mothers below 20 years of age as compared to older cohorts. Additionally, focus is laid on the effect of first time motherhood and breastfeeding difficulties on exclusive breastfeeding. Results show that Eldoret mothers are aware of benefits of breastfeeding; nevertheless, the mean duration for exclusive breastfeeding in this sample is 2.4 months. Higher durations of exclusive breastfeeding are associated with increasing age and first time motherhood. Predictably, breastfeeding difficulties bear a negative association with exclusive breastfeeding. While HIV is transmissible through breastfeeding, breast milk remains a vital source of nourishment for infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. More research on mothering should examine the changing socio-economic milieu and its influence on women's infant feeding decisions

Who Are the Children Most Vulnerable to Social Exclusion? The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem, Popularity, and Nonverbal Intelligence on Cognitive Performance Following Social Exclusion.

PubMed

Tobia, Valentina; Riva, Paolo; Caprin, Claudia

2017-05-01

Social exclusion has a profound emotional impact on children. However, there is still limited and partly conflicting experimental evidence for the possible effect of social exclusion on children's cognitive performance. In the present study, we tested the possibility that some children are more vulnerable than others to the negative effects of social exclusion on cognitive performance. We selected 4 potential candidates that could moderate the effects of social exclusion: relational self-esteem, peer ratings of popularity, rejection sensitivity and nonverbal intelligence. Individual differences in these 4 potential moderating factors were first assessed in a sample of 318 children (45.6 % females; mean age = 9.92 years). Then, in a subsequent experimental session, the participants were either socially included or excluded using a typical manipulation (i.e., the Cyberball paradigm). Following the manipulation, the children's cognitive performance was assessed using a logical reasoning test. The results showed that the children with lower scores for relational self-esteem (the bottom 37.46 % of the sample), lower popularity (43.49 %) or weaker nonverbal intelligence (37.80 %) performed worse on the logical reasoning test following social exclusion. Moreover, children with combined low self-esteem, popularity and nonverbal intelligence were the most affected by social exclusion. This study identified factors that make some children more vulnerable to the negative effects of social exclusion. Overall, the present work underscores the value of considering basic cognitive and relational individual differences when developing interventions aimed at preventing the negative effects of social exclusion among children.

Alcohol, poverty and social exclusion: Alcohol consumption among the homeless and those at risk of social exclusion in Madrid.

PubMed

Panadero, Sonia; Vázquez, José Juan; Martín, Rosa María

2016-06-14

The work analyzes different aspects related to alcohol consumption among homeless people and people at risk of social exclusion. The data was gathered from a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid (n = 188) and a sample of people at risk of social exclusion (n = 164) matched in sex, age, and origin (Spaniards vs. foreigners). The results showed that homeless people present a greater consumption of alcohol and have experienced more problems derived from its consumption than people at risk of social exclusion. Most of the homeless people who had alcohol-related problems had had them prior to their homelessness, and they stated they had poorer health and had experienced a greater number of homelessness episodes. Despite the relevance of problems related to alcohol among our sample, only a small percentage of the sample had participated in treatment programs for alcohol consumption.

Mineral resources of the Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dillon, William P.

1984-01-01

Potential mineral resources of the Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone (including the Gulf of Mexico and US Caribbean areas) include petroleum, sand and gravel, phosphorite, placer deposits of heavy mineral sands, ferromanganese nodules, and fresh water. Although major efforts have been made to search for petroleum, the oil and gas resources of the region are well known only in the western Gulf Shelf and more exploration is under way. Heavy-mineral placer deposits, which may be sources of titanium, gold, rare earths, etc. , have been sampled, but the extent and, therefore, economic value of the deposits have not been identified. Sand and gravel, phosphorite, and ferromanganese nodules all are represented by fairly well established deposits, and only modified market conditions would be necessary to cause detailed exploration and mining.

26 CFR 25.2503-2 - Exclusions from gifts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusions from gifts. 25.2503-2 Section 25... GIFT TAXES GIFT TAX; GIFTS MADE AFTER DECEMBER 31, 1954 Determination of Tax Liability § 25.2503-2 Exclusions from gifts. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section (involving gifts to a...

Biocrusts modulate warming and rainfall exclusion effects on soil respiration in a semi-arid grassland

PubMed Central

Escolar, Cristina; Maestre, Fernando T.; Rey, Ana

2015-01-01

Soil surface communities composed of cyanobacteria, algae, mosses, liverworts, fungi, bacteria and lichens (biocrusts) largely affect soil respiration in dryland ecosystems. Climate change is expected to have large effects on biocrusts and associated ecosystem processes. However, few studies so far have experimentally assessed how expected changes in temperature and rainfall will affect soil respiration in biocrust-dominated ecosystems. We evaluated the impacts of biocrust development, increased air temperature and decreased precipitation on soil respiration dynamics during dry (2009) and wet (2010) years, and investigated the relative importance of soil temperature and moisture as environmental drivers of soil respiration, in a semiarid grassland from central Spain. Soil respiration rates were significantly lower in the dry than during the wet year, regardless of biocrust cover. Warming increased soil respiration rates, but this response was only significant in biocrust-dominated areas (> 50% biocrust cover). Warming also increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10 values) of soil respiration in biocrust-dominated areas, particularly during the wet year. The combination of warming and rainfall exclusion had similar effects in low biocrust cover areas. Our results highlight the importance of biocrusts as a modulator of soil respiration responses to both warming and rainfall exclusion, and indicate that they must be explicitly considered when evaluating soil respiration responses to climate change in drylands. PMID:25914428

75 FR 41999 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Catcher Vessels...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-20

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XX65 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Catcher Vessels Participating in the Rockfish Entry Level Trawl Fishery in the Central Regulatory... entry level fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is necessary...

76 FR 54716 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Northern Rockfish, Pacific Ocean Perch, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

.... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA678 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Northern Rockfish, Pacific Ocean Perch, and Pelagic Shelf Rockfish for Vessels Participating in the Rockfish Entry Level... rockfish entry level fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is...

75 FR 58337 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Chinook Salmon Bycatch Management in the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-24

.... 090511911-0307-02] RIN 0648-AX89 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Chinook Salmon Bycatch... Economic Zone Off Alaska; Chinook Salmon Bycatch Management in the Bering Sea Pollock Fishery published on... salmon bycatch in the Bering Sea subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area (BSAI...

77 FR 41332 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-13

.... 111207737-2141-02] RIN 0648-XC109 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch...: NMFS is prohibiting retention of Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is necessary because the 2012 total allowable catch (TAC) of Pacific ocean...

Effect of antenatal counselling on exclusive breastfeeding.

PubMed

Ahmad, Muhammad Owais; Sughra, Ume; Kalsoom, Umay; Imran, Muhammad; Hadi, Usman

2012-01-01

The promotion and support of breastfeeding is a global priority. However, in reality most of the mothers are unable to practice exclusive breastfeeding. Most mothers discontinue breastfeeding because of lack of confidence in their ability to breastfeed, problem with infant suckling, breast pain, perception of insufficient milk, in addition to other unspecified difficulties. Some these problems can be solved if the women are counselled antenataly about the benefits of breastfeeding and prepared mentally for exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of the study was to determine whether the mothers with antenatal counselling on breastfeeding would improve their exclusive breast feeding and compare this with that of the mothers without antenatal counselling. It was a cross-sectional comparative study which took place at the Maternity ward of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Hundred mothers selected by consecutive non probability sampling divided in two groups. Group A: 50 mothers who were counselled on breastfeeding and Group B: 50 mothers who were not counselled on breastfeeding. Fifty mothers practicing breast feeding after antenatal counselling in the maternity ward of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi were recruited in the study. Another fifty mothers practicing breastfeeding without antenatal counselling were asked to take part in the study as a control group. Performa was completed and an informed consent was obtained. As compared to the not counselled group, the mothers who initiated breastfeeding immediately after birth were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.046) in the counselled group (84% and 96% respectively). Similarly the number of counselled mothers who practiced exclusive breastfeeding was statistically very highly significantly more (p < 0.001) than the not counselled group (68% and 16% respectively). Antenatal counselling helps in motivating the mothers for initiation of breastfeeding immediately after birth and practicing exclusive

7 CFR 1b.4 - Exclusion of agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exclusion of agencies. 1b.4 Section 1b.4 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 1b.4 Exclusion of agencies. (a... activities that have been found to have no individual or cumulative effect on the human environment. The USDA...

7 CFR 1b.4 - Exclusion of agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Exclusion of agencies. 1b.4 Section 1b.4 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT § 1b.4 Exclusion of agencies. (a... activities that have been found to have no individual or cumulative effect on the human environment. The USDA...

Schools as Agents of Social Exclusion and Inclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Razer, Michal; Friedman, Victor J.; Warshofsky, Boaz

2013-01-01

Although schools are usually regarded as important agents for social inclusion, research has shown that they may also function as agents of exclusion itself. The goal of this paper is to deepen our understanding of how schools function as agents of exclusion and how they can become more effective agents of inclusion. It is based on action research…

Career Guidance and Social Exclusion: A Cautionary Tale.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watts, A. G.

2001-01-01

Examines the relationship of career guidance to public-policy interventions designed to address social exclusion. Analyzes the nature and origin of the concept of social exclusion and reviews the roles of career guidance in response to it, particularly in relation to young people who have dropped out of formal education or are at high risk of…

Determinants of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding in Ankesha Guagusa Woreda, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Yeneabat, Tebikew; Belachew, Tefera; Haile, Muluneh

2014-08-09

Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) is the practice of feeding only breast milk (including expressed breast milk) during the first six months and no other liquids and solid foods except medications. The time to cessation of exclusive breast-feeding, however, is different in different countries depending on different factors. Studies showed the risk of diarrhea morbidity and mortality is higher among none exclusive breast-feeding infants, common during starting other foods. However, there is no study that evaluated the time to cessation of exclusive breast-feeding in the study area. The aim of this study was to show time to cessation of EBF and its predictors among mothers of index infants less than twelve months old. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from February 13 to March 3, 2012 using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This study included a total of 592 mothers of index infant using multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Cessation of exclusive breast-feeding occurred in 392 (69.63%) cases. Among these, 224 (57.1%) happened before six months, while 145 (37.0%) and 23 (5.9%) occurred at six months and after six months of age of the index infant respectively. The median time for infants to stay on exclusive breast-feeding was 6.36 months in rural and 5.13 months in urban, and this difference was statistically significant on a Log rank (Cox-mantel) test. Maternal and paternal occupation, place of residence, postnatal counseling on exclusive breast-feeding, mode of delivery, and birth order of the index infant were significant predictors of cessation of exclusive breast-feeding. Providing postnatal care counseling on EBF, routine follow-up and support of those mothers having infants stressing for working mothers can bring about implementation of national strategy on infant and young child feeding.

47 CFR 90.165 - Procedures for mutually exclusive applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... 90.165 Section 90.165 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND... Governing Facilities Used to Provide Commercial Mobile Radio Services § 90.165 Procedures for mutually exclusive applications. Mutually exclusive commercial mobile radio service applications are processed in...

19 CFR 10.452 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.452 Exclusions. A good will not be considered to be an originating good and a material...

Social exclusion of older persons: a scoping review and conceptual framework.

PubMed

Walsh, Kieran; Scharf, Thomas; Keating, Norah

2017-03-01

As a concept, social exclusion has considerable potential to explain and respond to disadvantage in later life. However, in the context of ageing populations, the construct remains ambiguous. A disjointed evidence-base, spread across disparate disciplines, compounds the challenge of developing a coherent understanding of exclusion in older age. This article addresses this research deficit by presenting the findings of a two-stage scoping review encompassing seven separate reviews of the international literature pertaining to old-age social exclusion. Stage one involved a review of conceptual frameworks on old-age exclusion, identifying conceptual understandings and key domains of later-life exclusion. Stage two involved scoping reviews on each domain (six in all). Stage one identified six conceptual frameworks on old-age exclusion and six common domains across these frameworks: neighbourhood and community; services, amenities and mobility; social relations; material and financial resources; socio-cultural aspects; and civic participation. International literature concentrated on the first four domains, but indicated a general lack of research knowledge and of theoretical development. Drawing on all seven scoping reviews and a knowledge synthesis, the article presents a new definition and conceptual framework relating to old-age exclusion.

Mutually Exclusive, Complementary, or . . .

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schloemer, Cathy G.

2016-01-01

Whether students are beginning their study of probability or are well into it, distinctions between complementary sets and mutually exclusive sets can be confusing. Cathy Schloemer writes in this article that for years she used typical classroom examples but was not happy with the student engagement or the level of understanding they produced.…

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

75 FR 38937 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Northern Rockfish and Pelagic Shelf Rockfish...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-07

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XX34 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Northern Rockfish and Pelagic Shelf Rockfish for Trawl Catcher Vessels Participating in the Entry Level Rockfish Fishery in the... participating in the entry level rockfish fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA...

76 FR 46207 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Catcher Vessels...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-02

.... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA612 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Catcher Vessels Participating in the Rockfish Entry Level Trawl Fishery in the Central Regulatory... rockfish entry level fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) for 48 hours. This...

76 FR 40838 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Catcher Vessels...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-12

.... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA558 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch for Catcher Vessels Participating in the Rockfish Entry Level Trawl Fishery in the Central Regulatory... rockfish entry level fishery in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) for 48 hours. This...

75 FR 42338 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-21

.... 0910131362-0087-02] RIN 0648-XX72 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in...: NMFS is prohibiting retention of Pacific ocean perch in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is necessary because the 2010 total allowable catch (TAC) of Pacific ocean...

Creating and sustaining disadvantage: the relevance of a social exclusion framework.

PubMed

Grenier, Amanda M; Guberman, Nancy

2009-03-01

Over the last decade, public home-care services for elderly people have been subject to increased rationing and changes in resource allocation. We argue that a social exclusion framework can be used to explain the impacts of current policy priorities and organisational practices. In this paper, we use the framework of social exclusion to highlight the disadvantages experienced by elderly people, particularly those who cannot afford to supplement public care with private services. We illustrate our argument by drawing on examples from previous studies with persons giving and receiving care in the province of Québec. Our focus is on seven forms of exclusion: symbolic, identity, socio-political, institutional, economic, exclusion from meaningful relations, and territorial exclusion. These illustrations suggest that policy-makers, practitioners and researchers must address the various ways in which current policy priorities can create and sustain various types of exclusion of elderly people. They also highlight the need to reconsider the current decisions made regarding the allocation of services for elderly people.

27 CFR 53.92 - Exclusions from sale price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Exclusions from sale price... Provisions Applicable to Manufacturers Taxes § 53.92 Exclusions from sale price. (a) Tax—(1) Tax not part of taxable sale price. The tax imposed by chapter 32 of the Code on the sale of an article is not part of the...

The Social Maladjustment Exclusion: Issues of Definition and Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skiba, Russell; Grizzle, Ken

1991-01-01

Review seeks to clarify issues of definition and assessment for school psychologists facing task of operationalizing and measuring social maladjustment exclusion in federal definition of serious emotional disturbance. For school psychologists in states with exclusion for social maladjustment, proactive recommendations are offered, emphasizing…

47 CFR 22.131 - Procedures for mutually exclusive applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Licensing Requirements and Procedures Applications and Notifications § 22... procedures in this section for processing mutually exclusive applications in the Public Mobile Services... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedures for mutually exclusive applications...

75 FR 31321 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Rock Sole, Flathead Sole, and “Other...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-03

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XW74 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Rock Sole, Flathead... participating in the Amendment 80 limited access fishery in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area... the trawl rock sole, flathead sole, and ``other flatfish'' fishery category by vessels participating...

76 FR 66195 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 679 [Docket No. 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA791 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National...

76 FR 4552 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 679 [Docket No. 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA176 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National...

75 FR 8840 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 679 [Docket No. 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XU65 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine...

77 FR 3638 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 679 [Docket No. 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA955 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National...

75 FR 59157 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 679 [Docket No. 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XZ27 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine...

78 FR 7280 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 679 [Docket No. 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC465 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Pot Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National...

75 FR 77535 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Steller Sea Lion Protection Measures for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-13

.... 101006495-0498-01] RIN 0648-BA31 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Steller Sea Lion Protection Measures for the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Groundfish Fisheries Off Alaska AGENCY: National... sea lion protection measures to insure that the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI...

48 CFR 252.229-7006 - Value added tax exclusion (United Kingdom).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Value added tax exclusion... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.229-7006 Value added tax exclusion (United Kingdom). As prescribed in 229.402-70(f), use the following clause: Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) (JUN 1997...

48 CFR 252.229-7006 - Value added tax exclusion (United Kingdom).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Value added tax exclusion... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.229-7006 Value added tax exclusion (United Kingdom). As prescribed in 229.402-70(f), use the following clause: Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) (JUN 1997...

Casino Self- and Forced Excluders' Gambling Behavior Before and After Exclusion.

PubMed

Kotter, Roxana; Kräplin, Anja; Bühringer, Gerhard

2018-06-01

Casino exclusion programs are intended to prevent or limit gambling-related harm. Although previous research showed that self-exclusion is associated with reduced gambling, it remains unknown whether self- and forced excluded subjects show different patterns of gambling behavior and if exclusion from casino gambling affects all gambling activities. The present study retrospectively investigated (1) the role of voluntariness of exclusion for the first time, and (2) general gambling behavior of excluded individuals before and after exclusion. A total of N = 215 casino excluders (self-excluders: n = 187, forced excluders: n = 28) completed an online survey or a face-to-face interview up to 8 years after enrollment. Self- and forced excluders showed similar rates of abstinence (self-excluders: 19.3%, forced excluders: 28.6%) and reduction (self-excluders: 67.4%, forced excluders: 60.7%), even though forced excluders reported a significantly greater initial gambling intensity compared to self-excluders (e.g., pre-exclusion gambling time; self-excluders: 3.2 days/week, forced excluders: 4.3 days/week). Overall, results indicated that 20.5% of excluders stopped all gambling activities and another 66.5% reduced their gambling. Those who continued gambling significantly reduced this behavior in every segment, except for gambling halls. Findings indicate that self- and forced exclusion are associated with similarly reduced gambling behavior, even in non-excluded segments. However, unchanged gambling in gambling halls emphasizes the importance to implement consistent exclusion programs over all gambling segments.

21 CFR 1404.1020 - Voluntary exclusion or voluntarily excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Voluntary exclusion or voluntarily excluded. 1404.1020 Section 1404.1020 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 1404.1020 Voluntary exclusion or voluntarily excluded...

Exclusive B Decays to Charmonium Final States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barrera, Barbara

We report on exclusive decays of B mesons into final states containing charmonium using data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage rings. The charmonium states considered here are J/{psi}, {psi}(2S), and {chi}{sub c1}. Branching fractions for several exclusive final states, a measurement of the decay amplitudes for the B{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi} K* decay, and measurements of the B{sup 0} and B{sup +} masses are presented. All of the results we present here are preliminary.

48 CFR 252.229-7006 - Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Value Added Tax Exclusion... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.229-7006 Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) As prescribed in 229.402-70(f), use the follow clause: Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) (DEC 2011) The...

48 CFR 252.229-7006 - Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Value Added Tax Exclusion... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.229-7006 Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) As prescribed in 229.402-70(f), use the follow clause: Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) (DEC 2011) The...

48 CFR 252.229-7006 - Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Value Added Tax Exclusion... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.229-7006 Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) As prescribed in 229.402-70(f), use the follow clause: Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom) (DEC 2011) The...

Seasonal sexual segregation in two Thalassarche albatross species: competitive exclusion, reproductive role specialization or foraging niche divergence?

PubMed

Phillips, R A; Silk, J R D; Phalan, B; Catry, P; Croxall, J P

2004-06-22

Sexual segregation by micro- or macrohabitat is common in birds, and usually attributed to size-mediated dominance and exclusion of females by larger males, trophic niche divergence or reproductive role specialization. Our study of black-browed albatrosses, Thalassarche melanophrys, and grey-headed albatrosses, T. chrysostoma, revealed an exceptional degree of sexual segregation during incubation, with largely mutually exclusive core foraging ranges for each sex in both species. Spatial segregation was not apparent during brood-guard or post-guard chick rearing, when adults are constrained to feed close to colonies, providing no evidence for dominance-related competitive exclusion at the macrohabitat level. A comprehensive morphometric comparison indicated considerable species and sexual dimorphism in wing area and wing loading that corresponded, both within and between species, to broad-scale habitat preferences relating to wind strength. We suggest that seasonal sexual segregation in these two species is attributable to niche divergence mediated by differences in flight performance. Such sexual segregation may also have implications for conservation in relation to sex-specific overlap with commercial fisheries.

45 CFR 1386.106 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 1386.106 Section 1386.106 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) OFFICE OF HUMAN... Requirements Hearing Procedures § 1386.106 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

45 CFR 213.26 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2013-10-01 2012-10-01 true Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 213.26 Section 213.26 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE... REQUIREMENTS Hearing Procedures § 213.26 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

45 CFR 213.26 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 213.26 Section 213.26 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE... REQUIREMENTS Hearing Procedures § 213.26 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

45 CFR 213.26 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2014-10-01 2012-10-01 true Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 213.26 Section 213.26 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE... REQUIREMENTS Hearing Procedures § 213.26 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

45 CFR 1386.106 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 1386.106 Section 1386.106 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) OFFICE OF HUMAN... Requirements Hearing Procedures § 1386.106 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

45 CFR 213.26 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 213.26 Section 213.26 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE... REQUIREMENTS Hearing Procedures § 213.26 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

45 CFR 1386.106 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 1386.106 Section 1386.106 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) OFFICE OF HUMAN... Requirements Hearing Procedures § 1386.106 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

34 CFR 101.13 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 101.13 Section 101.13 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS... Practice § 101.13 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or contumacious...

34 CFR 101.13 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 101.13 Section 101.13 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS... Practice § 101.13 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or contumacious...

34 CFR 101.13 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 101.13 Section 101.13 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS... Practice § 101.13 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or contumacious...

34 CFR 101.13 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 101.13 Section 101.13 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS... Practice § 101.13 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or contumacious...

45 CFR 1386.106 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 1386.106 Section 1386.106 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) OFFICE OF HUMAN... Requirements Hearing Procedures § 1386.106 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

45 CFR 213.26 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 213.26 Section 213.26 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE... REQUIREMENTS Hearing Procedures § 213.26 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

34 CFR 101.13 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 101.13 Section 101.13 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS... Practice § 101.13 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or contumacious...

45 CFR 1386.106 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. 1386.106 Section 1386.106 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) OFFICE OF HUMAN... Requirements Hearing Procedures § 1386.106 Exclusion from hearing for misconduct. Disrespectful, disorderly, or...

48 CFR 1328.203-7 - Exclusion of individual sureties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusion of individual sureties. 1328.203-7 Section 1328.203-7 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE... Exclusion of individual sureties. The designee authorized to exclude an individual from acting as a surety...

77 FR 38771 - Prospective Grant of Exclusive Patent License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology Prospective Grant of Exclusive Patent License AGENCY: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of prospective grant of exclusive patent license. SUMMARY: This is a notice in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 209(e...

Exclusive breastfeeding among Canadian Inuit: results from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey.

PubMed

McIsaac, Kathryn E; Lou, Wendy; Sellen, Daniel; Young, T Kue

2014-05-01

Very little population-based research has been conducted around the exclusive breastfeeding practices of Inuit Canadians. This research aims to assess the distribution of exclusive breastfeeding among Inuit Canadians and to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding as recommended. We use data from 188 infant-mother dyads who completed the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, a cross-sectional, population-based survey of Inuit children aged 3 to 5 years. A series of multinomial logistic regression models were run to identify factors associated with 4 exclusive breastfeeding durations (≤ 1 month, > 1-< 5.5 months, 5.5-6.5 months, and > 6.5 months). Of infants, 23% were exclusively breastfed as recommended (ie, between 5.5 and 6.5 months; 95% CI, 16.2-29.3). Many infants (61%) were exclusively breastfed for less than 5.5 months and 16% (95% CI, 10.9-22.0) were exclusively breastfed for more than 6.5 months. Families receiving income support were less likely to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding before 5.5 months (pOR1- < 5.5 months = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.85) relative to those not receiving income support, in adjusted models. No other measured factors were significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding duration. The majority of Inuit Canadian infants receive suboptimal exclusive breastfeeding. National, provincial, and community-specific interventions to protect, promote, and support exclusive breastfeeding should emphasize not only the benefits of exclusively breastfeeding to 6 months but also the importance of timely introduction of complementary foods into the infant's diet.

29 CFR 553.12 - Exclusion for employees of legislative branches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Employees of State or local legislative libraries do not come within this statutory exclusion. Also... not come within this exclusion. Section 7(o)—Compensatory Time and Compensatory Time Off ...

29 CFR 553.12 - Exclusion for employees of legislative branches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Employees of State or local legislative libraries do not come within this statutory exclusion. Also... not come within this exclusion. Section 7(o)—Compensatory Time and Compensatory Time Off ...

29 CFR 553.12 - Exclusion for employees of legislative branches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Employees of State or local legislative libraries do not come within this statutory exclusion. Also... not come within this exclusion. Section 7(o)—Compensatory Time and Compensatory Time Off ...

29 CFR 553.12 - Exclusion for employees of legislative branches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Employees of State or local legislative libraries do not come within this statutory exclusion. Also... not come within this exclusion. Section 7(o)—Compensatory Time and Compensatory Time Off ...

Does RAIM with Correct Exclusion Produce Unbiased Positions?

PubMed Central

Teunissen, Peter J. G.; Imparato, Davide; Tiberius, Christian C. J. M.

2017-01-01

As the navigation solution of exclusion-based RAIM follows from a combination of least-squares estimation and a statistically based exclusion-process, the computation of the integrity of the navigation solution has to take the propagated uncertainty of the combined estimation-testing procedure into account. In this contribution, we analyse, theoretically as well as empirically, the effect that this combination has on the first statistical moment, i.e., the mean, of the computed navigation solution. It will be shown, although statistical testing is intended to remove biases from the data, that biases will always remain under the alternative hypothesis, even when the correct alternative hypothesis is properly identified. The a posteriori exclusion of a biased satellite range from the position solution will therefore never remove the bias in the position solution completely. PMID:28672862

77 FR 34262 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-11

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC061 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

75 FR 69600 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Eastern Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA034 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

76 FR 43933 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-22

.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA589 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

76 FR 65972 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Eastern Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA782 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

75 FR 69601 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Central Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA035 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

77 FR 39440 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Central Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-03

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC085 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

75 FR 69601 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA036 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

78 FR 27181 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive Licenses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-09

... Star,'' an exclusive license to the strawberry variety named ``Sweet Sunrise,'' and an exclusive license to the strawberry variety named ``Charm.'' DATES: Comments must be received on or before June 10...

28 CFR 65.22 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE Purpose of Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance § 65.22 Exclusions. Excluded from the situations for which this... for general public safety projects; and, (b) A situation requiring the enforcement of laws associated...

28 CFR 65.22 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE Purpose of Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance § 65.22 Exclusions. Excluded from the situations for which this... for general public safety projects; and, (b) A situation requiring the enforcement of laws associated...

28 CFR 65.22 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE Purpose of Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance § 65.22 Exclusions. Excluded from the situations for which this... for general public safety projects; and, (b) A situation requiring the enforcement of laws associated...

28 CFR 65.22 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE Purpose of Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance § 65.22 Exclusions. Excluded from the situations for which this... for general public safety projects; and, (b) A situation requiring the enforcement of laws associated...

28 CFR 65.22 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE Purpose of Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance § 65.22 Exclusions. Excluded from the situations for which this... for general public safety projects; and, (b) A situation requiring the enforcement of laws associated...

48 CFR 37.202 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACTING SERVICE CONTRACTING Advisory and Assistance Services 37.202 Exclusions. The following activities...) Routine information technology services unless they are an integral part of a contract for the acquisition... research involving medical, biological, physical, social, psychological, or other phenomena. [60 FR 49722...

47 CFR 76.103 - Parties entitled to syndicated exclusivity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (b) Distributors of syndicated programming shall be entitled to exercise exclusive rights pursuant to § 76.101 for a period of one year from the initial broadcast syndication licensing of such programming... station licensees shall be entitled to exercise exclusivity rights pursuant to § 76.101 in accordance with...

The Effect of Reappraising Social Exclusion on Emotional Distress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kitchens, Michael B.; Gohm, Carol L.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether reappraisal, which is a strategy where the personal meaning of an event is reevaluated, would influence participants' emotional reactions to social exclusion feedback. It was expected that reappraising this event would reduce the emotional distress that accompanies social exclusion, but…

Liposome retention in size exclusion chromatography

PubMed Central

Ruysschaert, Tristan; Marque, Audrey; Duteyrat, Jean-Luc; Lesieur, Sylviane; Winterhalter, Mathias; Fournier, Didier

2005-01-01

Background Size exclusion chromatography is the method of choice for separating free from liposome-encapsulated molecules. However, if the column is not presaturated with lipids this type of chromatography causes a significant loss of lipid material. To date, the mechanism of lipid retention is poorly understood. It has been speculated that lipid binds to the column material or the entire liposome is entrapped inside the void. Results Here we show that intact liposomes and their contents are retained in the exclusion gel. Retention depends on the pore size, the smaller the pores, the higher the retention. Retained liposomes are not tightly fixed to the beads and are slowly released from the gels upon direct or inverted eluent flow, long washing steps or column repacking. Further addition of free liposomes leads to the elution of part of the gel-trapped liposomes, showing that the retention is transitory. Trapping reversibility should be related to a mechanism of partitioning of the liposomes between the stationary phase, water-swelled polymeric gel, and the mobile aqueous phase. Conclusion Retention of liposomes by size exclusion gels is a dynamic and reversible process, which should be accounted for to control lipid loss and sample contamination during chromatography. PMID:15885140

The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review.

PubMed

Kramer, Michael S; Kakuma, Ritsuko

2004-01-01

Although the health benefits of breastfeeding are acknowledged widely, opinions and recommendations are divided on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. We systematically reviewed available evidence concerning the effects on child health, growth, and development and on maternal health of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months vs. exclusive breastfeeding for 3-4 months followed by mixed breastfeeding (introduction of complementary liquid or solid foods with continued breastfeeding) to 6 months. Two independent literature searches were conducted, together comprising the following databases: MEDLINE (as of 1966), Index Medicus (prior to 1966), CINAHL, HealthSTAR, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE-Medicine, EMBASE-Psychology, Econlit, Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, African Index Medicus, Lilacs (Latin American and Carribean literature), EBM Reviews-Best Evidence, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. No language restrictions were imposed. The two searches yielded a total of 2,668 unique citations. Contacts with experts in the field yielded additional published and unpublished studies. Studies were stratified according to study design (controlled trials vs. observational studies) and provenance (developing vs. developed countries). The main outcome measures were weight and length gain, weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores, head circumference, iron status, gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious morbidity, atopic eczema, asthma, neuromotor development, duration of lactational amenorrhea, and maternal postpartum weight loss. Twenty independent studies meeting the selection criteria were identified by the literature search: 9 from developing countries (2 of which were controlled trials in Honduras) and 11 from developed countries (all observational studies). Neither the trials nor the observational studies suggest that infants who continue to be exclusively breastfed for 6 months

A weighted exact test for mutually exclusive mutations in cancer

PubMed Central

Leiserson, Mark D.M.; Reyna, Matthew A.; Raphael, Benjamin J.

2016-01-01

Motivation: The somatic mutations in the pathways that drive cancer development tend to be mutually exclusive across tumors, providing a signal for distinguishing driver mutations from a larger number of random passenger mutations. This mutual exclusivity signal can be confounded by high and highly variable mutation rates across a cohort of samples. Current statistical tests for exclusivity that incorporate both per-gene and per-sample mutational frequencies are computationally expensive and have limited precision. Results: We formulate a weighted exact test for assessing the significance of mutual exclusivity in an arbitrary number of mutational events. Our test conditions on the number of samples with a mutation as well as per-event, per-sample mutation probabilities. We provide a recursive formula to compute P-values for the weighted test exactly as well as a highly accurate and efficient saddlepoint approximation of the test. We use our test to approximate a commonly used permutation test for exclusivity that conditions on per-event, per-sample mutation frequencies. However, our test is more efficient and it recovers more significant results than the permutation test. We use our Weighted Exclusivity Test (WExT) software to analyze hundreds of colorectal and endometrial samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, which are two cancer types that often have extremely high mutation rates. On both cancer types, the weighted test identifies sets of mutually exclusive mutations in cancer genes with fewer false positives than earlier approaches. Availability and Implementation: See http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/projects/wext for software. Contact: braphael@cs.brown.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. PMID:27587696

Exclusivity strategies and opportunities in view of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act.

PubMed

Gaudry, Kate S

2011-01-01

Government-provided exclusivity periods provide pharmaceutical companies with incentives to invest in new drugs. Meanwhile, encouraging competition serves another worthy goal of improving the affordability of medications. Decades ago, the Hatch-Waxman Act set forth provisions attempting to balance these objectives in the context of small-molecule drugs. Recently, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act was enacted to meet similar aims in the context of biologic drugs. This article presents a detailed comparison of these two Acts. While the Acts share many global similarities (e.g., providing exclusivity terms and abbreviated approval processes), many differences are also apparent when analyzing details of the provisions. One area of great departure between the Acts is the requirements of how a generic or follow-on applicant must address patents covering a reference product. After describing these differences, the article presents predictions of how reference product sponsors will adapt their patent-prosecution strategies in view of the new Biologics Act.

48 CFR 28.203-7 - Exclusion of individual sureties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusion of individual... Exclusion of individual sureties. (a) An individual may be excluded from acting as a surety on bonds... of protecting the Government. (b) An individual may be excluded for any of the following causes: (1...

Relationships of Exclusion and Cohesion with Health: The Case of Bangladesh

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

The concept of social exclusion, applied widely in the European Union, has in recent years been gaining use in Bangladesh, mostly by international development agencies. Does this discourse of deprivation, developed in the welfare states of northern Europe, have salience in its application to deprivation in countries like Bangladesh where, for example, 31% of the rural population lives in chronic poverty? The concept of social exclusion has three principal components: a dynamic and relational perspective which requires the identification of who or what causes exclusion; an explicit recognition of multiple dimensions of deprivation; and a longitudinal perspective, recognizing that individuals and groups are dynamic intra- and intergenerationally. The Social Exclusion Knowledge Network of the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health expanded the concept to include health status as a contributor to and an outcome of exclusion and to show that actors beyond the state or public sector can critically impact exclusionary processes. In the Bangladesh application, the relevance of the modified model was explored to find that while there are negative associations between social exclusion and health status, much stronger documentation is needed of the relationship. The modification of including multiple sectors, such as private enterprise and civil society, in addition to the state, as having potential to impact exclusionary processes is fundamental to the application of the social exclusion model in Bangladesh. PMID:19761078

33 CFR 214.8 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SUPPLIES OF DRINKING WATER § 214.8 Exclusions. The authority does not require correcting the contamination, or repair of water systems so that clean drinking water supplies become available again. Reestablishing community water supplies remains the responsibility of local government and other Federal programs...

23 CFR 750.109 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exclusions. 750.109 Section 750.109 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT HIGHWAY BEAUTIFICATION National Standards for Regulation by States of Outdoor Advertising Adjacent to the Interstate System Under...

78 FR 57097 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Sharks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-17

.... 121018563-3418-02] RIN 0648-XC872 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Sharks in the Bering... prohibiting retention of sharks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is necessary because the 2013 total allowable catch (TAC) of sharks in the BSAI has been reached. DATES...

76 FR 59924 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Sharks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-28

.... 101126521-0640-2] RIN 0648-XA733 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Sharks in the Bering... prohibiting retention of sharks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is necessary because the 2011 total allowable catch (TAC) of sharks in the BSAI has been reached. DATES...

Density profiles of the exclusive queuing process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arita, Chikashi; Schadschneider, Andreas

2012-12-01

The exclusive queuing process (EQP) incorporates the exclusion principle into classic queuing models. It is characterized by, in addition to the entrance probability α and exit probability β, a third parameter: the hopping probability p. The EQP can be interpreted as an exclusion process of variable system length. Its phase diagram in the parameter space (α,β) is divided into a convergent phase and a divergent phase by a critical line which consists of a curved part and a straight part. Here we extend previous studies of this phase diagram. We identify subphases in the divergent phase, which can be distinguished by means of the shape of the density profile, and determine the velocity of the system length growth. This is done for EQPs with different update rules (parallel, backward sequential and continuous time). We also investigate the dynamics of the system length and the number of customers on the critical line. They are diffusive or subdiffusive with non-universal exponents that also depend on the update rules.

'Determined to breastfeed': A case study of exclusive breastfeeding using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

PubMed

Charlick, Samantha J; Fielder, Andrea; Pincombe, Jan; McKellar, Lois

2017-08-01

Given the significant benefits of breastfeeding, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Despite numerous strategies aimed at increasing the percentage of babies who are exclusively breastfed, Australia currently has one of the lowest six-month exclusive breastfeeding rates in the developed world. Notably, most research focuses on the early postnatal period (birth-two months) yet the largest decline in exclusive breastfeeding rates is observed between two and six months. This study aimed to understand what enabled a first-time mother to continue exclusively breastfeeding between two and six months in Australia. The qualitative approach known as interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to explore how the new mother understood her exclusive breastfeeding journey. Data was collected retrospectively through a face-to-face, semi-structured interview, then transcribed in full and analyzed using IPA's approach to data analysis. Three main themes were identified as self-determination to achieve exclusive breastfeeding, the influence of social norms in Australian culture, and the impact social supports have on maintaining exclusive breastfeeding. For this mother, her self-determination to exclusively breastfeed, along with positive social support, outweighed the impact of perceived social norms and negative pressure from significant others to stop exclusive breastfeeding. This qualitative reflection contributes to an understanding of the individual in the breastfeeding journey, uncovering nuances around exclusive breastfeeding that may be helpful in providing support for mothers and direction for further research. Copyright © 2017 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 828.203-7 - Exclusion of individual sureties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusion of individual... Exclusion of individual sureties. The DSPE may make the determinations referenced in FAR 28.203-7: (a) To exclude individuals from acting as surety on bonds; and (b) To accept bonds from individuals named on the...

29 CFR 793.20 - Exclusive engagement in exempt work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exclusive engagement in exempt work. 793.20 Section 793.20... AND TELEVISION STATION EMPLOYEES FROM OVERTIME PAY REQUIREMENTS UNDER SECTION 13(b)(9) OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT Workweek Application of Exemption § 793.20 Exclusive engagement in exempt work. An...

29 CFR 793.20 - Exclusive engagement in exempt work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Exclusive engagement in exempt work. 793.20 Section 793.20... AND TELEVISION STATION EMPLOYEES FROM OVERTIME PAY REQUIREMENTS UNDER SECTION 13(b)(9) OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT Workweek Application of Exemption § 793.20 Exclusive engagement in exempt work. An...

12 CFR 367.17 - Duration of suspensions and exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Duration of suspensions and exclusions. 367.17... GENERAL POLICY SUSPENSION AND EXCLUSION OF CONTRACTOR AND TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS § 367.17 Duration of... request an extension. (4) The time limitations for suspension in this section may be waived by the...

Inference by Exclusion in Goffin Cockatoos (Cacatua goffini)

PubMed Central

O’Hara, Mark; Auersperg, Alice M. I.; Bugnyar, Thomas; Huber, Ludwig

2015-01-01

Inference by exclusion, the ability to base choices on the systematic exclusion of alternatives, has been studied in many nonhuman species over the past decade. However, the majority of methodologies employed so far are hard to integrate into a comparative framework as they rarely use controls for the effect of neophilia. Here, we present an improved approach that takes neophilia into account, using an abstract two-choice task on a touch screen, which is equally feasible for a large variety of species. To test this approach we chose Goffin cockatoos (Cacatua goffini), a highly explorative Indonesian parrot species, which have recently been reported to have sophisticated cognitive skills in the technical domain. Our results indicate that Goffin cockatoos are able to solve such abstract two-choice tasks employing inference by exclusion but also highlight the importance of other response strategies. PMID:26244692

76 FR 10780 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-28

... economic zone according to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and Aleutian.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA252 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS...

Excluded and behaving unethically: social exclusion, physiological responses, and unethical behavior.

PubMed

Kouchaki, Maryam; Wareham, Justin

2015-03-01

Across 2 studies, we investigated the ethical consequences of physiological responses to social exclusion. In Study 1, participants who were socially excluded were more likely to engage in unethical behavior to make money and the level of physiological arousal experienced during exclusion--measured using galvanic skin response--mediated the effects of exclusion on unethical behavior. Likewise, in Study 2, results from a sample of supervisor-subordinate dyads revealed a positive relationship between experience of workplace ostracism and unethical behaviors as rated by the immediate supervisors. This relationship was mediated by employees' reports of experienced physiological arousal. Together, the results of these studies demonstrate that physiological arousal accompanies social exclusion and provides an explanatory mechanism for the increased unethical behavior in both samples. Theoretical implications of these findings for research on ethical behavior and social exclusion in the workplace are discussed. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.

47 CFR 2.1202 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Exclusions. 2.1202 Section 2.1202 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL... marketing or use. Form 740 information will be required to be submitted for computer circuit boards that are...

47 CFR 2.1202 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exclusions. 2.1202 Section 2.1202 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL... marketing or use. Form 740 information will be required to be submitted for computer circuit boards that are...

47 CFR 2.1202 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Exclusions. 2.1202 Section 2.1202 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL... marketing or use. Form 740 information will be required to be submitted for computer circuit boards that are...

47 CFR 2.1202 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Exclusions. 2.1202 Section 2.1202 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL... marketing or use. Form 740 information will be required to be submitted for computer circuit boards that are...

47 CFR 2.1202 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exclusions. 2.1202 Section 2.1202 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL... marketing or use. Form 740 information will be required to be submitted for computer circuit boards that are...

40 CFR 763.99 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT ASBESTOS Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools § 763.99 Exclusions. (a) A local education agency shall not be... that school. (4) The lead agency responsible for asbestos inspection in a State that has been granted a...

40 CFR 763.99 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT ASBESTOS Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools § 763.99 Exclusions. (a) A local education agency shall not be... that school. (4) The lead agency responsible for asbestos inspection in a State that has been granted a...

40 CFR 763.99 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT ASBESTOS Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools § 763.99 Exclusions. (a) A local education agency shall not be... that school. (4) The lead agency responsible for asbestos inspection in a State that has been granted a...

40 CFR 763.99 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT ASBESTOS Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools § 763.99 Exclusions. (a) A local education agency shall not be... that school. (4) The lead agency responsible for asbestos inspection in a State that has been granted a...

40 CFR 763.99 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT ASBESTOS Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools § 763.99 Exclusions. (a) A local education agency shall not be... that school. (4) The lead agency responsible for asbestos inspection in a State that has been granted a...

Overcoming Exclusion through Adult Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nash, Ian; Walshe, John

Strategies for overcoming exclusion through adult learning were identified through case studies of 19 initiatives in the following countries: Belgium; Mexico; the Netherlands; Norway; Portugal; and the United Kingdom. The study programs involved a diverse array of formal, nonformal, and informal public sector, community, and enterprise-based…

40 CFR 21.6 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GENERAL SMALL BUSINESS § 21.6 Exclusions. (a..., except for areawide management agencies designated and approved under section 208 of the Act, shall not... municipality conforming to regulations governing a user charge or capital cost system under section 204(b)(2...

Vertical Migration of Radionuclides in Soils on the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) Exclusion Zone (1987-2007)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jannik, G. T.; Ivanov, Y. A.; Kashparov, V. A.; Levchuk, S. E.; Bondarkov, M. D.; Maksymenko, A. M.; Farfan, E. B.; Marra, J. C.

2009-12-01

In 1986-1987, a set of experimental sites for studies of vertical migration of radionuclides released from the ChNPP was established in the ChNPP Exclusion Zone for various fallout plumes. The sites were selected considering local terrain and geo-chemical conditions, as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the fallout. The experimental sites included grasslands, and pre-Chernobyl cultivated meadows and croplands. Vertical migration of radionuclides in the ChNPP Exclusion Zone grasslands was evaluated. Parameters of 137Cs, 90Sr, and 239,240Pu transfer were calculated and the periods during which these radionuclides reach their ecological half-life in the upper 5 cm soil layer were estimated. Migration capabilities of these radionuclides in the grassland soils tend to decrease as follows: 90Sr >137Cs ≥ 239,240Pu. A significant retardation of the 137Cs vertical migration was shown in the grasslands long after the Chernobyl accident. During the 21st year after the fallout, average Tecol values for 137Cs (the period of time it takes in the environment for 137Cs to reach half the value of its original concentration in the upper 5 cm soil layer, regardless of physical decay) are as follows: 180 - 320 years for grassland containing automorphous mineral soils of a light granulometric composition; and 90 - 100 years for grassland containing hydromorphous organogenic soils. These values are significantly higher than those estimated for the period of 6-9 years after the fallout: 60 - 150 years and 11 - 20 years, respectively. The absolute 137Cs Tecol values are by factors of 3-7 higher than 137Cs radiological decay values long after the accident. Changes in the exposure dose resulting from the soil deposited 137Cs only depend on its radiological decay. This factor should necessarily be considered for development of predictive assessments, including dose exposures for the hypothetical population in case of their re-evacuation to the exclusion areas. The obtained

Contrasting Stories of Inclusion/Exclusion in the Chemistry Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomes, Maria de Fatima Cardoso; Mortimer, Eduardo F.; Kelly, Gregory J.

2011-01-01

This article reports on the construction process of inclusion/exclusion for high school chemistry students in two schools in Belo Horizonte, the capital of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We examined the interactional accomplishment of inclusion/exclusion of four students, two from a private school and two from a public school. The aim of this article…

7 CFR 520.5 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... trade representation and market development activities overseas. (b) ARS categorical exclusions. ARS... controlled in whole or in part by ARS; (2) Research programs or projects of limited size and magnitude or...

7 CFR 520.5 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... trade representation and market development activities overseas. (b) ARS categorical exclusions. ARS... controlled in whole or in part by ARS; (2) Research programs or projects of limited size and magnitude or...

7 CFR 520.5 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... trade representation and market development activities overseas. (b) ARS categorical exclusions. ARS... controlled in whole or in part by ARS; (2) Research programs or projects of limited size and magnitude or...

7 CFR 520.5 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... trade representation and market development activities overseas. (b) ARS categorical exclusions. ARS... controlled in whole or in part by ARS; (2) Research programs or projects of limited size and magnitude or...

7 CFR 520.5 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... trade representation and market development activities overseas. (b) ARS categorical exclusions. ARS... controlled in whole or in part by ARS; (2) Research programs or projects of limited size and magnitude or...

Uncertainties on exclusive diffractive Higgs boson and jet production at the LHC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dechambre, A.; CEA/IRFU/Service de physique des particules, CEA/Saclay; Kepka, O.

2011-03-01

Two theoretical descriptions of exclusive diffractive jets and Higgs production at the LHC were implemented into the FPMC generator: the Khoze, Martin, Ryskin model and the Cudell, Hernandez, Ivanov, Dechambre exclusive model. We then study the uncertainties. We compare their predictions to the CDF measurement and discuss the possibility of constraining the exclusive Higgs production at the LHC with early measurements of exclusive jets. We show that the present theoretical uncertainties can be reduced with such data by a factor of 5.

Whatever? The effect of social exclusion on adopting persuasive messages.

PubMed

Pfundmair, Michaela; Aydin, Nilüfer; Frey, Dieter

2017-01-01

The aversive state of social exclusion can result in a broad range of cognitive deficits. Being unable or unmotivated to process relevant information, we assumed that social exclusion would also affect the success of persuasive attempts. We hypothesized that socially excluded people would adopt attitudes regardless of persuasion quality. In three studies using different manipulations of social exclusion and persuasion, we showed that participants who were socially excluded adopted persuasive messages regardless of argument quality. In contrast, this undifferentiated response was not shown by socially included participants who were more persuaded by high- compared to low-quality arguments. In Study 3, we moreover revealed that this pattern could only be replicated in reliable situations-that is, when the communicator appeared credible. These findings support the assumption that social exclusion can lead to reduced processing of information.

Acting on social exclusion: neural correlates of punishment and forgiveness of excluders

PubMed Central

Crone, Eveline A.; Güroğlu, Berna

2015-01-01

This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of punishment and forgiveness of initiators of social exclusion (i.e. ‘excluders’). Participants divided money in a modified Dictator Game between themselves and people who previously either included or excluded them during a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball). Participants selectively punished the excluders by decreasing their outcomes; even when this required participants to give up monetary rewards. Punishment of excluders was associated with increased activation in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and bilateral anterior insula. Costly punishment was accompanied by higher activity in the pre-SMA compared with punishment that resulted in gains or was non-costly. Refraining from punishment (i.e. forgiveness) was associated with self-reported perspective-taking and increased activation in the bilateral temporoparietal junction, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings show that social exclusion can result in punishment as well as forgiveness of excluders and that separable neural networks implicated in social cognition and cognitive control are recruited when people choose either to punish or to forgive those who excluded them. PMID:24652858

42 CFR 1002.214 - Basis for reinstatement after State agency-initiated exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Basis for reinstatement after State agency-initiated exclusion. 1002.214 Section 1002.214 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE... MEDICAID Permissive Exclusions § 1002.214 Basis for reinstatement after State agency-initiated exclusion...

20 CFR 416.1239 - Exclusion of State or local relocation assistance payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of State or local relocation assistance payments. 416.1239 Section 416.1239 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1239 Exclusion of...

20 CFR 416.1235 - Exclusion of certain payments related to tax credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of certain payments related to tax credits. 416.1235 Section 416.1235 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1235 Exclusion of certain...

Development of neural systems for processing social exclusion from childhood to adolescence

PubMed Central

Bolling, Danielle Z.; Pitskel, Naomi B.; Deen, Ben; Crowley, Michael J.; Mayes, Linda C.; Pelphrey, Kevin A.

2015-01-01

Adolescence is a period of development in which peer relationships become especially important. A computer-based game (Cyberball) has been used to explore the effects of social exclusion in adolescents and adults. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study used Cyberball to extend prior work to the cross-sectional study of younger children and adolescents (7 to 17 years), identifying age-related changes in the neural correlates of social exclusion across the important transition from middle childhood into adolescence. Additionally, a control task illustrated the specificity of these age-related changes for social exclusion as distinct from expectancy violation more generally. During exclusion, activation in and functional connectivity between ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral anterior cingulate cortex increased with age. These effects were specific to social exclusion and did not exist for expectancy violation. Our results illustrate developmental changes from middle childhood through adolescence in both affective and regulatory brain regions during social exclusion. PMID:22010901

27 CFR 10.53 - Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] 10.53 Section 10.53 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] ...

27 CFR 10.53 - Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Practices not resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] 10.53 Section 10.53 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... resulting in exclusion. [Reserved] ...

26 CFR 31.3401(a)-2 - Exclusions from wages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusions from wages. 31.3401(a)-2 Section 31... Collection of Income Tax at Source § 31.3401(a)-2 Exclusions from wages. (a) In general. (1) The term “wages... specifically excepted from wages under section 3401(a). (2) The exception attaches to the remuneration for...

40 CFR 261.4 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... exclusion from the definition of solid waste. (18) Petrochemical recovered oil from an associated organic... for benzene (§ 261.24, waste code D018); and (ii) The oil generated by the organic chemical... petroleum refining process. An “associated organic chemical manufacturing facility” is a facility where the...

21 CFR 110.19 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusions. 110.19 Section 110.19 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE IN MANUFACTURING, PACKING, OR HOLDING HUMAN FOOD General...

21 CFR 110.19 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusions. 110.19 Section 110.19 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE IN MANUFACTURING, PACKING, OR HOLDING HUMAN FOOD General...

43 CFR 20.302 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT Acceptance and Payment of Travel and Related Expenses § 20.302 Exclusions. (a) Where employee travel is for... employee and/or the employee's spouse's travel from a non-Federal source when proper consideration is given...

43 CFR 20.302 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT Acceptance and Payment of Travel and Related Expenses § 20.302 Exclusions. (a) Where employee travel is for... employee and/or the employee's spouse's travel from a non-Federal source when proper consideration is given...

14 CFR 15.103 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exclusions. 15.103 Section 15.103 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES... chart or map; (3) Was not accurately displayed on a visual display in the cockpit, or (4) Was obviously...

78 FR 42718 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

.... 121018563-3148-02] RIN 0648-XC757 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in the Western Aleutian... allowable catch (TAC) of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI...

Breast-feeding patterns and factors determining exclusive breast-feeding.

PubMed

Koosha, A; Hashemifesharaki, R; Mousavinasab, N

2008-12-01

Breast-feeding is a major determinant of infants' health and survival. The aim of this study was to examine breast-feeding patterns and the role of some factors on exclusive breast-feeding. The study was done at the Health Centre of Community Oriented Medical Education of Zanjan City, Iran. Mothers of 650 infants younger than one year of age were interviewed directly by healthcare providers. The necessary information was recorded on pre-structured questionnaires, and the feeding patterns of all infants were determined. The rate of breast-feeding was greater than 92 percent during the first year of life. Exclusive breast-feeding rate in the first five days of life was 82 percent, but it declined to 44 percent at the first month. The chance of exclusive breast-feeding was higher in infants who were on demand feeding (odds ratio [OR] 2.6), breastfed more than eight times per day (OR 2.23), and their birth weight ranged from 2.5 to 4 kg (OR 2.16). This chance was less among infants exposed to pacifiers (OR 2.62) and with the numbers of deliveries equal to or more than three (OR 2.25). The rates of breast-feeding initiation and its duration at six and 12 months were higher than the national goal. The rate of exclusive breast-feeding was nearly 44 percent. It seems necessary to elucidate the role of other factors, such as socioeconomic status, on exclusive breast-feeding.

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in rural Western Australia.

PubMed

Cox, Kylee; Giglia, Roslyn; Zhao, Yun; Binns, Colin W

2014-11-01

Breastfeeding is accepted as the best way of feeding infants, and health authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding to around 6 months of age, but despite the evidence of its benefits, few mothers meet this goal. Infants who are exclusively breastfed in the early postpartum period are more likely to continue breastfeeding at 6 and 12 months, reinforcing the role that Baby-Friendly hospital practices play in supporting exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the rate of breastfeeding initiation and identify the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at discharge from hospital for rural mothers. The prospective cohort study recruited 489 women from hospitals in regional Western Australia following the birth of their infant. Breastfeeding exclusivity at discharge was assessed based on mothers' self-reported infant feeding behavior during her hospital stay. The self-administered baseline questionnaire was completed by 427 mothers. Breastfeeding was initiated by 97.7% of the mothers in this cohort, with 82.7% exclusively breastfeeding at hospital discharge. The odds of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were more than 4 times higher for women whose infants did not require admission to the special care nursery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98-9.99). Demand feeding (aOR = 3.33; 95% CI, 1.59-6.95) and 24-hour rooming-in (aOR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.15-4.62) were also significant positive factors. The findings suggest that hospital practices are strong predictors of exclusive breastfeeding. Greater emphasis on Baby-Friendly hospital practices in the early postpartum period may help the establishment of exclusive breastfeeding, assisting rural mothers to reach established international breastfeeding recommendations. © The Author(s) 2014.

Association between History of Gestational Diabetes and Exclusive Breastfeeding at Hospital Discharge.

PubMed

Haile, Zelalem T; Oza-Frank, Reena; Azulay Chertok, Ilana R; Passen, Nina

2016-08-01

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended in the first 6 months of life, especially for infants born to women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Yet, women with a history of GDM face challenges with exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period, a critical period for setting up longer term breastfeeding success. Minimal research has been published on associated risk factors for not exclusively breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between GDM and exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis including 2038 women who participated in the population-based Infant Feeding Practices Study II between May 2005 and June 2007. Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence was 5.8%. The crude prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge was 62.2% among women with GDM compared to 75.4% of women without GDM (P < .01). After adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and anthropometric factors, the odds of exclusive breastfeeding were lower among women with GDM compared to women without diabetes (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.92). Furthermore, women who had gestational weight gain (GWG) below the Institute of Medicine guidelines had lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding compared to women who had normal GWG (odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.85). Women with GDM history and women with inadequate GWG may need additional education to promote exclusive breastfeeding during maternal hospital stay. It is important for health care providers to assess both factors when providing education on exclusive breastfeeding and to support these women's breastfeeding efforts in the early postpartum period to maximize potential for longer term breastfeeding success. © The Author(s) 2015.

Differential brain responses to social exclusion by one's own versus opposite-gender peers.

PubMed

Bolling, Danielle Z; Pelphrey, Kevin A; Vander Wyk, Brent C

2012-07-01

Human peer relations provide tangible benefits, including food and protection, as well as emotional benefits. While social exclusion poses a threat to all of these benefits, the psychological threat is particularly susceptible to modulation by the relation of the excluders to the excluded person. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the effects of manipulating the gender relation of participants to their excluders during an interactive ball-toss game. Ventral anterior cingulate cortex activation was higher during exclusion by same-gender peers, while right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation negatively correlated with self-reported distress in other-gender exclusion. Results imply that exclusion by one's own gender is fundamentally different from exclusion by the opposite gender, and suggest a regulatory role for ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in response to out-group exclusion. Individual differences in implicit gender attitudes modulated neural responses to exclusion. The importance of these findings to investigations of social cognition is discussed.

Sunlight exclusion from Muscat grape alters volatile profiles during berry development.

PubMed

Zhang, Haohao; Fan, Peige; Liu, Cuixia; Wu, Benhong; Li, Shaohua; Liang, Zhenchang

2014-12-01

The effects of sunlight exclusion on the volatile profiles of grapes during different stages of berry development were investigated by placing clusters of grapes in special boxes. Terpenes and aldehydes were the main volatile compounds in the ripe 'Jingxiangyu' berries. Sunlight exclusion was found to change volatile profiles at any stage. Sunlight exclusion from berries significantly inhibited the synthesis and accumulation of terpenes, which contribute to the characteristic aroma of Muscat grapes. However, sunlight exclusion during berry formation and veraison promoted the accumulation of aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones during the ripening stage. These results may provide important information regarding the metabolism of volatile compounds in grapes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhancement of growth, photosynthetic performance and yield by exclusion of ambient UV components in C3 and C4 plants.

PubMed

Kataria, Sunita; Guruprasad, K N; Ahuja, Sumedha; Singh, Bupinder

2013-10-05

A field experiment was conducted under tropical climate for assessing the effect of ambient UV-B and UV-A by exclusion of UV components on the growth, photosynthetic performance and yield of C3 (cotton, wheat) and C4 (amaranthus, sorghum) plants. The plants were grown in specially designed UV exclusion chambers, wrapped with filters that excluded UV-B (<315nm), UV-A+B (<400nm), transmitted all the UV (280-400nm) or without filters. All the four plant species responded to UV exclusion by a significant increase in plant height, leaf area, leaf biomass, total biomass accumulation and yield. Measurements of the chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, gas exchange parameters and the activity of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) by fixation of (14)CO2 indicated a direct relationship between enhanced rate of photosynthesis and yield of the plants. Quantum yield of electron transport was enhanced by the exclusion of UV indicating better utilization of PAR assimilation and enhancement in reducing power in all the four plant species. Exclusion of UV-B in particular significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and activity of Rubisco. Additional fixation of carbon due to exclusion of ambient UV-B was channeled towards yield as there was a decrease in the level of UV-B absorbing substances and an increase in soluble proteins in all the four plant species. The magnitude of the promotion in all the parameters studied was higher in dicots (cotton, amaranthus) compared to monocots (wheat, sorghum) after UV exclusion. The results indicated a suppressive action of ambient UV-B on growth and photosynthesis; dicots were more sensitive than monocots in this suppression while no great difference in sensitivity was found between C3 and C4 plants. Experiments indicated the suppressive action of ambient UV on carbon fixation and yield of C3 and C4 plants. Exclusion of solar UV-B will have agricultural benefits in both C3 and C4 plants

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF 90SR AND 137CS CONCENTRATIONS IN AN ECOSYSTEM OF THE 'RED FOREST' AREA IN THE CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farfan, E.; Jannik, T.; Caldwell, E.

2011-10-01

In the most highly contaminated region of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone: the 'Red Forest' site, the accumulation of the major dose-affecting radionuclides ({sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs) within the components of an ecological system encompassing 3,000 m{sup 2} were characterized. The sampled components included soils (top 0-10 cm depth), Molina caerulea (blue moor grass), Camponotus vagus (carpenter ants) and Pelobates fuscus (spade-footed toad). In a comparison among the components of this ecosystem, the {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs concentrations measured in 40 separate grids exhibited significant differences, while the frequency distribution of the values were close to a logarithmically normalmore » leptokurtic distribution with a significant right-side skew. While it is important to identify localized areas of high contamination or 'hot spots,' including these values in the arithmetic mean may overestimate the exposure risk. In component sample sets that exhibited logarithmically normal distribution, the geometrical mean more accurately characterizes a site. Ideally, risk assessment is most confidently achieved when the arithmetic and geometrical means are most similar, meaning the distribution approaches normal. Through bioaccumulation, the highest concentrations of {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs were measured in the blue moor grass and spade-footed toad. These components also possessed distribution parameters that shifted toward a normal distribution.« less

Inferential reasoning by exclusion in children (Homo sapiens).

PubMed

Hill, Andrew; Collier-Baker, Emma; Suddendorf, Thomas

2012-08-01

The cups task is the most widely adopted forced-choice paradigm for comparative studies of inferential reasoning by exclusion. In this task, subjects are presented with two cups, one of which has been surreptitiously baited. When the empty cup is shaken or its interior shown, it is possible to infer by exclusion that the alternative cup contains the reward. The present study extends the existing body of comparative work to include human children (Homo sapiens). Like chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) that were tested with the same equipment and near-identical procedures, children aged three to five made apparent inferences using both visual and auditory information, although the youngest children showed the least-developed ability in the auditory modality. However, unlike chimpanzees, children of all ages used causally irrelevant information in a control test designed to examine the possibility that their apparent auditory inferences were the product of contingency learning (the duplicate cups test). Nevertheless, the children's ability to reason by exclusion was corroborated by their performance on a novel verbal disjunctive syllogism test, and we found preliminary evidence consistent with the suggestion that children used their causal-logical understanding to reason by exclusion in the cups task, but subsequently treated the duplicate cups information as symbolic or communicative, rather than causal. Implications for future comparative research are discussed. 2012 APA, all rights reserved

78 FR 70072 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-22

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-132] Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of intent to grant exclusive... Volatiles From Soil Using Microwave Processes, to Space Resources Extraction Technology, Inc., having its...

40 CFR 503.6 - Exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. (i) Drinking water treatment sludge. This part does not... DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE General Provisions § 503.6 Exclusions. (a) Treatment processes. This part does... requirements for the use or disposal of sludge generated at an industrial facility during the treatment of...

Safety effects of exclusive and concurrent signal phasing for pedestrian crossing.

PubMed

Zhang, Yaohua; Mamun, Sha A; Ivan, John N; Ravishanker, Nalini; Haque, Khademul

2015-10-01

This paper describes the estimation of pedestrian crash count and vehicle interaction severity prediction models for a sample of signalized intersections in Connecticut with either concurrent or exclusive pedestrian phasing. With concurrent phasing, pedestrians cross at the same time as motor vehicle traffic in the same direction receives a green phase, while with exclusive phasing, pedestrians cross during their own phase when all motor vehicle traffic on all approaches is stopped. Pedestrians crossing at each intersection were observed and classified according to the severity of interactions with motor vehicles. Observation intersections were selected to represent both types of signal phasing while controlling for other physical characteristics. In the nonlinear mixed models for interaction severity, pedestrians crossing on the walk signal at an exclusive signal experienced lower interaction severity compared to those crossing on the green light with concurrent phasing; however, pedestrians crossing on a green light where an exclusive phase was available experienced higher interaction severity. Intersections with concurrent phasing have fewer total pedestrian crashes than those with exclusive phasing but more crashes at higher severity levels. It is recommended that exclusive pedestrian phasing only be used at locations where pedestrians are more likely to comply. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Exclusion in the Shark

PubMed Central

Malecek, Karolina; Lee, Victor; Feng, Wendy; Huang, Jing Li; Flajnik, Martin F; Ohta, Yuko; Hsu, Ellen

2008-01-01

The adaptive immune system depends on specific antigen receptors, immunoglobulins (Ig) in B lymphocytes and T cell receptors (TCR) in T lymphocytes. Adaptive responses to immune challenge are based on the expression of a single species of antigen receptor per cell; and in B cells, this is mediated in part by allelic exclusion at the Ig heavy (H) chain locus. How allelic exclusion is regulated is unclear; we considered that sharks, the oldest vertebrates possessing the Ig/TCR-based immune system, would yield insights not previously approachable and reveal the primordial basis of the regulation of allelic exclusion. Sharks have an IgH locus organization consisting of 15–200 independently rearranging miniloci (VH-D1-D2-JH-Cμ), a gene organization that is considered ancestral to the tetrapod and bony fish IgH locus. We found that rearrangement takes place only within a minilocus, and the recombining gene segments are assembled simultaneously and randomly. Only one or few H chain genes were fully rearranged in each shark B cell, whereas the other loci retained their germline configuration. In contrast, most IgH were partially rearranged in every thymocyte (developing T cell) examined, but no IgH transcripts were detected. The distinction between B and T cells in their IgH configurations and transcription reveals a heretofore unsuspected chromatin state permissive for rearrangement in precursor lymphocytes, and suggests that controlled limitation of B cell lineage-specific factors mediate regulated rearrangement and allelic exclusion. This regulation may be shared by higher vertebrates in which additional mechanistic and regulatory elements have evolved with their structurally complex IgH locus. PMID:18578572

47 CFR 101.51 - Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive....51 Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications. (a) In order to expedite action on... this section if: (1) The applications are entitled to comparative consideration pursuant to § 101.45...

47 CFR 101.51 - Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive....51 Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications. (a) In order to expedite action on... this section if: (1) The applications are entitled to comparative consideration pursuant to § 101.45...

47 CFR 101.51 - Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive....51 Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications. (a) In order to expedite action on... this section if: (1) The applications are entitled to comparative consideration pursuant to § 101.45...

47 CFR 101.51 - Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive....51 Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications. (a) In order to expedite action on... this section if: (1) The applications are entitled to comparative consideration pursuant to § 101.45...

47 CFR 101.51 - Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive....51 Comparative evaluation of mutually exclusive applications. (a) In order to expedite action on... this section if: (1) The applications are entitled to comparative consideration pursuant to § 101.45...

78 FR 19744 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-02

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-033] Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Intent to Grant Exclusive... the invention described and claimed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13/800,692 entitled...

78 FR 44163 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-085] Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Intent to Grant Exclusive... & Tracking) `Database in a Box' ''; NASA Case No. ARC-16507-1 entitled ``Quarterly Reporting Display Tool (Qu...

Impacts of electronic deer exclusion fencing and soils on plant species abundance, richness, and diversity following clearcutting in Pennsylvania

Treesearch

Jonathan Lyon; William E. Sharpe

1995-01-01

Electric deer exclusion fencing has become a widely used management tool to promote hardwood regeneration in high deer browsing intensity areas. To assess the impacts of deer browsing on hardwood regeneration and vegetation patterns on clearcuts, six clearcuts with paired electric fenced and unfenced treatments were investigated. Additional data were collected on 10...

Some aspects of social exclusion: do they influence suicide mortality?

PubMed

Yur'yev, Andriy; Värnik, Peeter; Sisask, Merike; Leppik, Lauri; Lumiste, Kaur; Värnik, Airi

2013-05-01

The current study is aimed to assess the relationship between the 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions of social exclusion and suicide mortality in Europe. Suicide rates for 26 countries were obtained from the WHO. Data on social expenditure were obtained from the OECD database. Employment rates and GDP were obtained from the Total Economy Database. Questions about citizens' attitudes towards different aspects of social exclusion were taken from the European Social Survey. Structural equation modelling was applied to research the theoretical structure of the variables. All variables are statistically significant in male and female models except of the relationships between 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions and female suicides; and the relationship between 'employment rates' and 'economic/employment' dimension. Suicide mortality rates among both males and females are influenced negatively by 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions. Among females, the influence of 'social/welfare' dimension is stronger compared to the 'economic/employment' dimension. The remaining influence of GDP is positive in both models. Both 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions of social exclusion significantly influence suicide mortality among males. The influence of 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions of social exclusion on female suicide mortality is controversial. Social exclusion might be considered as a risk factor for suicide mortality in Europe.

Social exclusion modulates priorities of attention allocation in cognitive control.

PubMed

Xu, Mengsi; Li, Zhiai; Diao, Liuting; Zhang, Lijie; Yuan, Jiajin; Ding, Cody; Yang, Dong

2016-08-11

Many studies have investigated how exclusion affects cognitive control and have reported inconsistent results. However, these studies usually treated cognitive control as a unitary concept, whereas it actually involved two main sub-processes: conflict detection and response implementation. Furthermore, existing studies have focused primarily on exclusion's effects on conscious cognitive control, while recent studies have shown the existence of unconscious cognitive control. Therefore, the present study investigated whether and how exclusion affects the sub-processes underlying conscious and unconscious cognitive control differently. The Cyberball game was used to manipulate social exclusion and participants subsequently performed a masked Go/No-Go task during which event-related potentials were measured. For conscious cognitive control, excluded participants showed a larger N2 but smaller P3 effects than included participants, suggesting that excluded people invest more attention in conscious conflict detection, but less in conscious inhibition of impulsive responses. However, for unconscious cognitive control, excluded participants showed a smaller N2 but larger P3 effects than included participants, suggesting that excluded people invest less attention in unconscious conflict detection, but more in unconscious inhibition of impulsive responses. Together, these results suggest that exclusion causes people to rebalance attention allocation priorities for cognitive control according to a more flexible and adaptive strategy.

University Ranking as Social Exclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amsler, Sarah S.; Bolsmann, Chris

2012-01-01

In this article we explore the dual role of global university rankings in the creation of a new, knowledge-identified, transnational capitalist class and in facilitating new forms of social exclusion. We examine how and why the practice of ranking universities has become widely defined by national and international organisations as an important…

Evidence of weak conscious experiences in the exclusion task

PubMed Central

Sandberg, Kristian; Del Pin, Simon H.; Bibby, Bo M.; Overgaard, Morten

2014-01-01

Exclusion tasks have been proposed as objective measures of unconscious perception as they do not depend upon subjective ratings. In exclusion tasks, participants have to complete a task without using a previously presented prime. Use of the prime is taken as evidence for unconscious processing in the absence of awareness, yet it may also simply indicate that participants have weak experiences but fail to realize that these affect the response or fail to counter the effect on the response. Here, we tested this claim by allowing participants to rate their experience of a masked prime on the perceptual awareness scale (PAS) after the exclusion task. Results showed that the prime was used almost as often when participants reported having seen a “weak glimpse” of the prime as when they claimed to have “no experience” of the prime, thus suggesting participants frequently have weak (possibly contentless) experiences of the stimulus when failing to exclude. This indicates that the criteria for report of awareness is lower (i.e., more liberal) than that for exclusion and that failure to exclude should not be taken as evidence of complete absence of awareness. PMID:25295024

Achieving Zero Permanent Exclusions from School, Social Justice and Economy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parsons, Carl

2010-01-01

Zero exclusion schools are possible. More realistically, clusters of schools, with support, coordination and brokering by the local authority (LA) or through local partnerships, can organise and sustain an inclusive educational community. Exclusion from school is a quiet mockery of "Every Child Matters." Even with the coalition…

The different behavioral intentions of collectivists and individualists in response to social exclusion.

PubMed

Pfundmair, Michaela; Graupmann, Verena; Frey, Dieter; Aydin, Nilüfer

2015-03-01

We investigated how participants with collectivistic and individualistic orientation cope with social exclusion on a behavioral level. In Studies 1 and 2, we found participants with more individualistic orientation to indicate more antisocial behavioral intentions in response to exclusion than in response to inclusion; however, participants with more collectivistic orientation did not differ in their behavioral intentions between exclusion and inclusion. In the third and fourth study, we replicated our findings across cultures: German and U.S. participants indicated more antisocial and avoiding behavioral intentions under exclusion than under inclusion, whereas Turkish and Indian participants did not differ in their behavioral intentions between exclusion and inclusion. In Studies 3 and 4, only German and U.S. participants were significantly affected by exclusion, showing more negative mood, which correlated with their behavioral intentions. In Study 4, the different behavioral intentions of collectivists and individualists were mediated by a different threat experience. The findings emphasize the role of self-construal and culture, as well as the self-threat inherent in exclusion. © 2015 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Prevalence and determinant factors of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Enderta woreda, Tigray, North Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Teka, Bahre; Assefa, Huruy; Haileslassie, Kiday

2015-01-01

In Ethiopia national breastfeeding practice is poor because of traditional and cultural beliefs, low educational levels, heavy workload of mothers, poor sanitary conditions, type of assistance at delivery, duration of stay at home, ethnicity, poor maternal knowledge, age, parity, antenatal service utilization and place of delivery. This study is aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice in mothers in Enderta woreda (district), Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling method was used to select 541 mothers with children less than 24 months of age in Enderta woreda. Data was collected by administered structured questionnaire. Bivariate and Multivariable logistic regression was used to check the associations and controlling confounding variables. A total of 530 mothers were included with a response rate 98%. The mean (± SD) age of the mothers was 26.9 (± 5.98) years. Majority of the mothers (70.2%) were practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Age of the mother (AOR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.97), age of the child (AOR 0.52 95% CI: 0.27, 0.99) and postnatal care (AOR; 2.68; 95% CI: 1.44, 4.98) were found statistically significant with exclusive breastfeeding. The prevalence rate of exclusive breastfeeding was high in Enderta woreda. The age of the mother, age of the child and receiving postnatal care were the determinant factors for exclusive breastfeeding in the study area.

Peer-Reviewed Publication of Clinical Trials Completed for Pediatric Exclusivity

PubMed Central

Benjamin, Daniel Kelly; Smith, Philip Brian; Murphy, M. Dianne; Roberts, Rosemary; Mathis, Lisa; Avant, Debbie; Califf, Robert M; Li, Jennifer S.

2009-01-01

Context Much of pediatric drug use is “off-label” because appropriate pediatric studies have not been conducted and the drugs have not been labeled by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in children. In 1997, Congress authorized FDA to grant extensions of marketing rights known as “pediatric exclusivity” if FDA-requested pediatric trials were conducted. As a result, there have been over 100 product labeling changes. The publication status of studies completed for pediatric exclusivity has not been evaluated. Objective To quantify the dissemination of results of studies conducted for pediatric exclusivity into the peer-review literature. Design Cohort study of all trials conducted for Pediatric Exclusivity, the subsequent labeling changes, and the publication of those studies in peer-reviewed journals. We categorized each study in the exclusivity application as ”successful” or “unsuccessful” based on FDA approval of the indication sought by the sponsor. We categorized any labeling changes resulting from the studies as ”positive” or “negative” for the drug under study. We then evaluated aspects of the studies and product label changes that were associated with subsequent publication in peer-reviewed medical journals. Main Outcome Measures Publication of the trial data in peer-reviewed journals. Results Between 1998 and 2004, 253 studies were submitted to FDA for pediatric exclusivity: 50% evaluated efficacy, 20% were multi-dose pharmacokinetic, 13% were single-dose pharmacokinetic, and 17% were safety studies. Labeling changes were positive for 127/253 (50%) of studies; only 112/253 (44%) were published. Efficacy studies and those with a favorable labeling change were more likely to be published. Of 100 studies resulting in important labeling changes, only 33 were published. Conclusions The pediatric exclusivity program has been successful in encouraging drug studies in children. However, the dissemination of these results in the

Exclusion Process with Slow Boundary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baldasso, Rangel; Menezes, Otávio; Neumann, Adriana; Souza, Rafael R.

2017-06-01

We study the hydrodynamic and the hydrostatic behavior of the simple symmetric exclusion process with slow boundary. The term slow boundary means that particles can be born or die at the boundary sites, at a rate proportional to N^{-θ }, where θ > 0 and N is the scaling parameter. In the bulk, the particles exchange rate is equal to 1. In the hydrostatic scenario, we obtain three different linear profiles, depending on the value of the parameter θ ; in the hydrodynamic scenario, we obtain that the time evolution of the spatial density of particles, in the diffusive scaling, is given by the weak solution of the heat equation, with boundary conditions that depend on θ . If θ \\in (0,1), we get Dirichlet boundary conditions, (which is the same behavior if θ =0, see Farfán in Hydrostatics, statical and dynamical large deviations of boundary driven gradient symmetric exclusion processes, 2008); if θ =1, we get Robin boundary conditions; and, if θ \\in (1,∞), we get Neumann boundary conditions.

Predictors of non-exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months among rural mothers in east Ethiopia: a community-based analytical cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged under six months is a simple and cost-effective feeding method that ensures better infant and child survival and boosts the achievement of child related Millennium Development Goals in the developing world. Identifying factors associated with good breastfeeding practice helps to increase its coverage and maximize its advantages through improved advocacy. The objective of this study was to identify the predictors of non-exclusive breastfeeding in the rural areas of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on mother/caregiver–child pairs in east Ethiopia from July to August 2011. Data on infant feeding practices were collected by trained interviewers who used a pretested and structured questionnaire. Odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was estimated for the predictors of non-exclusive breastfeeding using the multivariable logistic regression. Results The prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged under six months, was 28.3%. Non-exclusive breastfeeding was more likely to be practiced by mothers who were not married at the moment [AOR (95% CI) = 2.6 (1.1, 6.0)], mothers who had no access to health facility [AOR (95% CI) = 2.9 (1.9, 4.3)], and mothers whose knowledge about infant and young child feeding practices was low [AOR (95% CI) = 3.4 (2.4, 4.7)]. Conclusion Non–exclusive breastfeeding was more common among mothers with no marital relationships, poor access to health facilities, and inadequate knowledge about infant and young child feeding practices. Family support, education, and behavior change communication on infant feeding, especially on exclusive breastfeeding, at the community level may improve the knowledge, behavior, and practice of mothers on optimal infant and young child feeding practices. PMID:23919800

76 FR 38108 - Notice of Intent to Grant Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... Service Notice of Intent to Grant Exclusive License AGENCY: Agricultural Research Service, USDA. ACTION... Research Service, intends to grant to P & M Signs, Inc. of Mountainair, New Mexico, an exclusive license to the Federal Government's rights in U.S. Patent No. 6,586,504, ``Wood And Plastic Composite Material...

38 CFR 18b.15 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

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38 CFR 18b.15 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

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38 CFR 18b.15 - Exclusion from hearing for misconduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

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