[Changes in the food and beverage consumption pattern in Argentina, 1996-2013].

PubMed

Zapata, María Elisa; Rovirosa, Alicia; Carmuega, Esteban

2016-01-01

The dietary pattern of the population has shifted in recent years as a result of cultural changes and modifications in food accessibility. In order to describe the changes in food and beverage consumption patterns in the last two decades in Argentina, the National Survey of Household Expenditure [Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares] was analyzed for the periods 1996-1997, 2004-2005 and 2012-2013. The average apparent consumption of food and beverages in grams or milliliters of net weight per adult equivalent was estimated for each period. The variation in the amount of food and beverages available for consumption between 1996 and 2013 shows that the structure of the dietary pattern has changed, appearing to indicate shifts in the ways of buying, preparing and consuming foods related to greater convenience and accessibility and less time spent on food preparation.

Large-Scale Assessment of Change in Student Achievement: Dutch Primary School Students' Results on Written Division in 1997 and 2004 as an Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, Marja; Robitzsch, Alexander; Treffers, Adri; Koller, Olaf

2009-01-01

This article discusses large-scale assessment of change in student achievement and takes the study by Hickendorff, Heiser, Van Putten, and Verhelst (2009) as an example. This study compared the achievement of students in the Netherlands in 1997 and 2004 on written division problems. Based on this comparison, they claim that there is a performance…

Trends in antibiotic utilization in eight Latin American countries, 1997-2007.

PubMed

Wirtz, Veronika J; Dreser, Anahí; Gonzales, Ralph

2010-03-01

To describe the trends in antibiotic utilization in eight Latin American countries between 1997-2007 We analyzed retail sales data of oral and injectable antibiotics (World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code J01) between 1997 and 2007 for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Antibiotics were aggregated and utilization was calculated for all antibiotics (J01); for macrolides, lincosamindes, and streptogramins (J01 F); and for quinolones (J01 M). The kilogram sales of each antibiotic were converted into defined daily dose per 1 000 inhabitants per day (DID) according to the WHO ATC classification system. We calculated the absolute change in DID and relative change expressed in percent of DID variation, using 1997 as a reference Total antibiotic utilization has increased in Peru, Venezuela, Uruguay, and Brazil, with the largest relative increases observed in Peru (5.58 DID, +70.6%) and Venezuela (4.81 DID, +43.0%). For Mexico (-2.43 DID; -15.5%) and Colombia (-4.10; -33.7%), utilization decreased. Argentina and Chile showed major reductions in antibiotic utilization during the middle of this period. In all countries, quinolone use increased, particularly sharply in Venezuela (1.86 DID, +282%). The increase in macrolide, lincosaminde, and streptogramin use was greatest in Peru (0.76 DID, +82.1%), followed by Brazil, Argentina, and Chile Analyzing antibiotic utilization in Latin America presents a series of challenges. Creating policy-relevant evidence based on antimicrobial consumption patterns is needed in order to foster policies aimed at improving appropriate use of antibiotics in the region.

Compositional Trends in Acid Fluids of Copahue Volcano, Argentina: Evidence for a failed eruption in 2004?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kading, T. J.; Brophy, M.; Varekamp, J. C.

2008-12-01

The concentrations and fluxes of major, minor, and trace elements in the crater lake, volcanic spring, and acidified watershed of Copahue Volcano, Neuquen province, Argentina, have been monitored over the last decade. The 2000 Copahue eruption resulted in enhanced S/Cl, increased concentrations and fluxes of rock forming elements (especially Mg and Na) with strongly raised Mg/Cl and Mg/K values. The degree of LREE enrichment decreased and a pronounced Eu anomaly developed in the fluids (Eu/Eu*> rock values). These patterns are explained as the result of hot acid fluid attack on newly intruded magma, with early dissolution of olivine (Mg spike) and plagioclase (Na spike, Eu anomaly). Similar compositional changes were observed in water samples taken in November, 2004, but no eruption occurred. These may be the signals of a small magmatic intrusion into the hydrothermal system, which failed to continue into an eruption. The compositional changes of Copahue volcanic fluids over the last decade will be discussed in the context of chemical signals of an actual and a suspected 'failed eruption'.

[Regionalization of perinatal health care in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina].

PubMed

Simioni, Alberto Tomás; Llanos, Oraldo; Romero, Mariana; Ramos, Silvina; Brizuela, Vanessa; Abalos, Edgardo

2017-05-25

Improve the performance of the regionalization policy in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, as a strategy to improve perinatal health care by analyzing implementation processes and building consensus among decision makers and stakeholders around an action plan. Implementation research was conducted using mixed methodology. A needs assessment established tracer indicators to measure adherence to the components of the policy. Actors were studied to identify the barriers and facilitators of implementation. Training was provided on the development of consensus- and evidence-based policies, through workshops in which policy briefs were prepared and through a deliberative dialogue. There were improvements in the number of births in appropriate hospitals and in the number of births in maternity hospitals with Essential Obstetric and Neonatal Care (CONE). Barriers were identified in the referral systems and in communication on policy, which resulted in an initial agreement on the need for guidelines and specific technical training on the transfer of babies and mothers. The participation of health workers in identifying barriers and strategies to overcome them, and the use of tools to report this to management, permit the adoption of consensus- and evidence-based strategies to improve policy implementation.

Ethnoastronomy in the Multicultural Context of the Agricultural Colonies in Northern Santa Fe Province, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mudrik, Armando

In this paper, we present a study about cultural astronomy among European colonists and their Argentinean descendants, in the context of a complex interaction between criollos, aboriginals and European colonists from different origins and religions, who settled in the northern area of the Argentinean province of Santa Fe, which is part of the southern Gran Chaco. These colonists arrived among waves of immigration occurring in Argentina in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Through ethnographic field research among these immigrants and their descendants, we carried out a survey of their astronomical representations and practices, and the connections of these with their social life and farming tasks. Through this we gained an insight as to how the astronomical ideas of immigrants, criollos and aboriginal groups influenced each other, generating a variety of new relations with the celestial realm.

The volcanic acidification of glacial Lake Caviahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varekamp, Johan C.

2008-12-01

Lake Caviahue (northern Patagonia, Argentina) is a large glacial lake acidified by volcanic fluids from Copahue volcano. The lake and the feeding rivers were sampled annually from 1997 till early 2006, including the eruptive period of 2000. Lake Caviahue waters evolved over time, with the most concentrated waters in 2000 during the eruptive period, followed by gradual dilution that was interrupted by renewed acidification in 2003-2004. Inversion of the lake water data and application of a dynamic non-steady state model for the lake provides our best quantitative estimates for the variation in element fluxes over the 9-year period. The model flux results agree well with most of the measured fluxes. The Copahue hydrothermal system had gently declining element fluxes between 1997 and mid-1999, although the lake was still becoming more concentrated. About 2-3 months before the 2000 eruption, element fluxes increased strongly, but the hydrothermal fluxes almost shutoff directly after the main eruptive events. The fluxes of several elements recovered post-2001, with an increase in element fluxes in 2003-2004; the lake became more dilute between 2004 and 2006. The intrusion of new magma into the hydrothermal system just prior to the 2000 eruption led to enhanced water rock interaction, with higher concentrations of the rock forming elements in the fluids, and the hot spring flow rate increased as a result of the higher pressure in the reservoir. The fluids became saturated in alunite and jarosite, and they were already saturated with anhydrite. Precipitation of these minerals possibly led to a decreased permeability of the hydrothermal reservoir, leading to the strongly reduced element fluxes just after the eruption. In addition, K, Al and S were retained in the newly precipitated minerals as well, further diminishing their export. The acidification in 2003-2004 may have resulted from a new small intrusion of magma or resulted from seismic activity that created new

Epidemiological and molecular characterization of rubella virus isolated in São Paulo, Brazil during 1997-2004.

PubMed

Figueiredo, C A; Oliveira, M I; Curti, S P; Afonso, A M S; Frugis Yu, A L; Araújo, J; Oliveira, D B; Durigon, E L

2012-11-01

Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In 2003, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adopted a resolution calling for the elimination of rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the Americas by the year 2010. Brazil will have implemented the recommended PAHO strategy for elimination and interruption of endemic rubella virus transmission. The characterization of genotypes during the final stages of rubella elimination is important for determining whether new rubella isolates represent endemic transmission or importations. Samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and throat swabs) collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of rubella infection in 1997-2004 were isolated in cell culture and genotyped. Twenty-eight sequences were analyzed and two genotypes were identified: 1a and 1G. The information reported in this paper will contribute to understanding the molecular epidemiology of RV in São Paulo, Brazil. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Postsecondary Transition under IDEA 2004: A Legal Update

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prince, Angela M. T.; Katsiyannis, Antonis; Farmer, Jennie

2013-01-01

Postsecondary transition planning for students with disabilities first entered the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990. The required provisions for transition planning were updated with the amendments to IDEA in 1997 and its reauthorization in 2004. Since IDEA 2004 took effect in July 2005, 11 court cases have been decided…

Georgia's forests, 2004

Treesearch

Richard A. Harper; Nathan D. McClure; Tony G. Johnson; J. Frank Green; James K. Johnson; David B. Dickinson; James L. Chamerlain; KaDonna C. Randolph; Sonja N. Oswalt

2009-01-01

Between 1997 and 2004, the Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program conducted the eighth inventory of Georgia forests. Forest land area remained stable at 24.8 million acres, and covered about two-thirds of the land area in Georgia. About 24.2 million acres of forest land was considered timberland and 92 percent of that was privately owned. Family forest...

Phoenix Rising: The Helen Sawyer Hogg Telescope Finds a New Home in Argentina.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrison, R. F.; Levato, O. H.

2004-12-01

For 26 years (1971-1997), the University of Toronto operated a very productive 60-cm optical telescope on Carnegie's Cerro Las Campanas in north-central Chile. Due to a series of cutbacks in subsidies through NSERC, Canada's research-funding agency, the doors were closed on 01 July 1997 (Canada Day). Following an agreement between astronomers at DDO (Canada) and CASLEO, Argentina, the telescope and dome were relocated on Cerro Burek in Parque Nacional El Leoncita, Argentina, just on the other side of the Andes from Ovalle, Chile. The new building is 3 meters higher and has a dozen ventilating windows. The result is unexpectedly superior seeing. The average point spread function is 0.7 arcseconds. During construction of the building and rebuilding of the telescope, all decisions were made with the intention of operating the telescope remotely, initially from the warmroom of the CASLEO 2.15 meter telescope and ultimately from Toronto and San Juan.

Injury episodes and circumstances: National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2007.

PubMed

Chen, Li Hui; Warner, Margaret; Fingerhut, Lois; Makuc, Diane

2009-09-01

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) provides estimates of nonfatal, medically attended injuries and poisonings occurring in the United States. The objectives of this report are to 1) document changes in the injury and poisoning section of NHIS from 1997 through 2007; 2) provide guidance on summarizing data across the 11-year study period; and 3) present detailed national estimates of nonfatal injury and poisoning episodes for the time period. NHIS samples the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States living in households. NHIS data from the years 1997-2007 were used in this report. Some questions related to injury and poisoning episodes were modified in 2000 and 2004. During the period 1997-2004, many NHIS injury and poisoning questions were improved as a result of cognitive interviewing, data analysis, and feedback from interviewers and data users. Revisions to the NHIS injury and poisoning section pose some difficulties for trend analysis. However, some questions remained the same during the 11-year period, despite the questionnaire revisions. The injury and poisoning section has not been revised since 2004 and, where possible, analyses should be limited to 2004 and beyond. For analyses that require a longer time period, this report provides information on changes to questions and statistics that illustrate the effect of these changes on injury estimates. in 2007, the medically attended injury and poisoning episode rate among the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population was 115.7 per 1,000 population. Despite differences in some questions during the period 1997-2007, NHIS data for these years show falls as the leading cause of injury and the home as the leading place that injury occurred.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding leptospirosis among residents of riverside settlements of Santa Fe, Argentina.

PubMed

Ricardo, Tamara; Bergero, Laura C; Bulgarella, Esteban P; Previtali, M Andrea

2018-05-01

Leptospirosis is a global and re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spirochetes that are shed into the environment by infected animals. Humans can get infected via contact with animal hosts or contaminated environment. In Argentina, the highest annual incidences were reported in the province of Santa Fe, where epidemic outbreaks occurred during flooding events. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding leptospirosis among residents of riverside slum settlements from Santa Fe after a major flood. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 113 residents of 3 riverside settlements from Santa Fe. The influence of knowledge and attitudes regarding leptospirosis on the likelihood that an individual will use preventive practices were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. The majority of respondents (83.2%) had previously heard about leptospirosis; however specific knowledge about leptospirosis was limited. The results of the modeling efforts, show that the likelihood of using preventive practices was associated with having greater knowledge score, but not with more positive attitudes. We also found that females were more likely to use safer practices than males. Even though the majority of respondents had heard about leptospirosis, a high percentage of them had limited knowledge regarding the severity of the disease and its prevalence in the region. Our results suggest that public health interventions in these riverside communities should focus on educating the public on the multiple dimensions of leptospirosis in order to attain greater adherence to preventive practices instead of intending to change the perceptions or attitudes towards the disease, which did not have a significant influence. The key challenge lies in identifying effective strategies to reach the high risk group for leptospirosis here that is male fishermen, who spend most of the time in precarious campsites on the river islands.

[Description of a staphylococcal alimentary poisoning outbreak in Las Rosas, Santa Fe Province, Argentina].

PubMed

Brizzio, Aníbal A; Tedeschi, Fabián A; Zalazar, Fabián E

2011-01-01

On February 2008, a suspected foodborne outbreak was reported in Las Rosas (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). The formal procedures indicated that an undetermined number of individuals had experienced food poisoning following consumption of vegetable cannelloni bought at a local shop. The manufacturer establishment was audited. Samples from the suspected food, as well as environmental samples and swabs from food handlers were obtained and involved subjects were interviewed. Remnants of ingested food were also obtained. Routine microbiological procedures of the foodborne outbreak revealed the presence of coagulase positive S. aureus subspecies aureus in samples from ingested and raw food, and from manipulators. Indicator microorganisms did not show significant levels and no other foodborne pathogen was isolated. Presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin-producing genes was subsequently investigated, and a positive result for enterotoxin B was shown in S. aureus strains isolated from a food handler as well as from food linked to the outbreak Moreover, these isolates showed 100% similarity by SmaI-PFGE. Timely notification together with coordinated sanitary measures and the availability of appropriate laboratory tools allowed to interrupt the chain of disease transmission by identifying risk and protective factors.

Real price and affordability as challenges for effective tobacco control policies: an analysis for Argentina.

PubMed

Rodríguez-Iglesias, Germán; González-Rozada, Martín; Champagne, Beatriz Marcet; Schoj, Verónica

2015-02-01

To describe the evolution of cigarettes' real price and affordability during the last decade in Argentina. To analyze the real price of cigarettes, the weighted average monthly price of a pack of 20 cigarettes was divided by the consumer price index (CPI) from 2004 to 2014. The relative income price (RIP) was evaluated for the same period, defining RIP as the percentage of the income required to buy 100 packs of 20-per-pack cigarettes. The RIP was calculated for first-quartile, median, and third-quartile income groups. The lower the RIP, the higher the affordability. The nominal price of a pack of 20 cigarettes sold in Argentina increased from AR$ 2.24 in March 2004 to AR$ 14.36 in June 2014 (nominal price increase of about 19.7% per year). The real price fell from AR$ 2.24 in March 2004 to AR$ 2.11 in June 2014 (real price drop of about 0.6% per year). Between June 2004 and June 2014, the RIP decreased about 39% for the 3rd quartile income group (from 31.3% to 19.2%), about 42% for the median (from 55.7% to 32.0%), and about 50% for the 1st quartile (from 104.4% to 51.8%). In Argentina, inflation and rising income were greater than growth in cigarette prices. Cigarette affordability increased for each income group, with the highest shifts occurring among the poorest and most vulnerable income earners. The increased affordability of cigarettes might reduce the impact of implemented tobacco control policies.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Argentina.

PubMed

Paddock, Christopher D; Fernandez, Susana; Echenique, Gustavo A; Sumner, John W; Reeves, Will K; Zaki, Sherif R; Remondegui, Carlos E

2008-04-01

We describe the first molecular confirmation of Rickettsia rickettsii, the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), from a tick vector, Amblyomma cajennense, and from a cluster of fatal spotted fever cases in Argentina. Questing A. cajennense ticks were collected at or near sites of presumed or confirmed cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis in Jujuy Province and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction assays for spotted fever group rickettsiae. DNA of R. rickettsii was amplified from a pool of A. cajennense ticks and from tissues of one of four patients who died during 2003-2004 after illnesses characterized by high fever, severe headache, myalgias, and petechial rash. The diagnosis of spotted fever rickettsiosis was confirmed in the other patients by indirect immunofluorescence antibody and immunohistochemical staining techniques. These findings show the existence of RMSF in Argentina and emphasize the need for clinicians throughout the Americas to consider RMSF in patients with febrile rash illnesses.

Hydrologic Data from the Study of Acidic Contamination in the Miami Wash-Pinal Creek Area, Arizona, Water Years 1997-2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Konieczki, A.D.; Brown, J.G.; Parker, J.T.C.

2008-01-01

Since 1984, hydrologic data have been collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey study of the occurrence and movement of acidic contamination in the aquifer and streams of the Pinal Creek drainage basin near Globe, Arizona. Ground-water data from that study are presented for water years 1997 through 2004 and include location, construction information, site plans, water levels, chemical and physical field measurements, and selected chemical analyses of water samples for 31 project wells. Hydrographs of depth to ground water are also included. Surface-water data for four sites are also presented and include selected chemical analyses of water samples. Monthly precipitation data and long-term precipitation statistics are presented for two sites. Chemical analyses of samples collected from the stream and shallow ground water in the perennial reach of Pinal Creek are also included.

A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical spider genus Xiruana Brescovit 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae).

PubMed

Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M; Brescovit, Antonio D

2015-06-29

The genus Xiruana Brescovit, 1997 is currently composed of four South American species: X. gracilipes (Keyserling) from Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina, X. affinis (Mello-Leitão) from Brazil, X. hirsuta (Mello-Leitão) from Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay, and X. tetraseta (Mello-Leitão) from Venezuela, Brazil and Paraguay. Of these, the last three are redescribed in this paper, including the first description of the females of X. hirsuta and X. tetraseta. Additionally, we describe thirteen new species: Xiruana pocone n. sp. from Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina; X. bifida n. sp. from Brazil and Paraguay; X. aymara n. sp. from Bolivia; X. cocha n. sp. from Peru; X. fiebrigi n. sp. from Paraguay, and X. ajuricaba n. sp., X. tribarrense n. sp., X. guaia n. sp., X. jaboticabal n. sp., X. minacu n. sp., X. tapirape n. sp., X. lusitania n. sp., X. silarae n. sp., all endemic to Brazil. The known geographical distribution of all species here presented is mapped.

Raman spectroscopic study of the mineral qingheiite Na2(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3, a pegmatite phosphate mineral from Santa Ana pegmatite, Argentina.

PubMed

Frost, Ray L; Xi, Yunfei; Scholz, Ricardo; López, Andrés; Moreira, Caio; de Lena, Jorge Carvalho

2013-10-01

The pegmatite mineral qingheiite Na2(Mn(2+),Mg,Fe(2+))2(Al,Fe(3+))(PO4)3 has been studied by a combination of SEM and EMP, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The studied sample was collected from the Santa Ana pegmatite, Argentina. The mineral occurs as a primary mineral in lithium bearing pegmatite, in association with beausite and lithiophilite. The Raman spectrum is characterized by a very sharp intense Raman band at 980 cm(-1) assigned to the PO4(3-) symmetric stretching mode. Multiple Raman bands are observed in the PO4(3-) antisymmetric stretching region, providing evidence for the existence of more than one phosphate unit in the structure of qingheiite and evidence for the reduction in symmetry of the phosphate units. This concept is affirmed by the number of bands in the ν4 and ν2 bending regions. No intensity was observed in the OH stretching region in the Raman spectrum but significant intensity is found in the infrared spectrum. Infrared bands are observed at 2917, 3195, 3414 and 3498 cm(-1) are assigned to water stretching vibrations. It is suggested that some water is coordinating the metal cations in the structure of qingheiite. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Argentina.

PubMed

1986-06-01

This discussion of Argentina covers geography, the people, history and political conditions, government, economy, foreign relations, and relations between the US and Argentina. In 1985, the population of Argentina was estimated to be 30.6 million with an estimated annual growth rate of 1.5%. The infant mortality rate is 34.1/1000, and life expectancy is 70.2 years. Argentina, which shares land borders with Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, is bounded by the Atlantic and the Antarctic Oceans. Descendants of Italian and Spanish immigrants predominate in Argentina, but many trace their origins to British and West and East European ancestors. In recent years, there has been a substantial influx of immigrants from neighboring Latin American countries. The native Indian population, estimated to be 50,000, is concentrated in the peripheral provinces of the north, northwest, and south. What is now Argentina was discovered in 1516 by the Spanish navigator Juan de Solia. The formal declaration of independence from Spain was made on July 9, 1816. In the late 19th century, 2 forces worked to create the modern Argentine nation: the introduction of modern agricultural techniques and the integration of Argentina into the world economy. Argentina has impressive human and natural resources, but political conflict and uneven economic performance since World War II have impeded full realization of its considerable potential. Yet, it is one of the wealthiest countries in Latin America. Among the reasons for the military coup of March 1976 was the deteriorating economy, caused by declining production and rampant inflation. Under the leadership of the Minister of the Economy, the military government focused attention on those immediate problems, and, in 1978, embarked on a new development strategy focusing on the establishment of a free market economy. There was little improvement in the economy, and a new economic plan was introduced in 1985 which has capped inflation by

Saturated and trans fatty acids content in unpackaged traditional bakery products in Santa Fe city, Argentina: nutrition labeling relevance.

PubMed

Negro, Emilse; González, Marcela Aída; Bernal, Claudio Adrián; Williner, María Rosa

2017-08-01

Studies have reported the relationship between the excessive intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans fatty acids (t-FA) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Since 2006, the MERCOSUR countries require that the mandatory nutrition labeling should include information not only about the content of SFA but also about the content of t-FA. This does not apply to fractionated products at the point of retail, such as bakery products. This paper aimed to determine the total fat content and the fatty acid profile in unpackaged traditional bakery products (breads, biscuits and pastries) in Santa Fe, Argentina. Except for French bread, the contribution of t-FA and SFA to the total FA consumption from baked products was high. On the other hand, due to the high variability detected in the FA composition of bakery products between bakeries, it would be necessary to implement regulations making nutrition labeling mandatory in these products.

[Permanence of the piamontese culture on food practices in third generation descendants in Piamonte (Province of Santa Fe, Argentina)].

PubMed

Andreatta, María M; Muñoz, Sonia E; Navarro, Alicia

2004-01-01

This paper describes the influence of the piemontese culture on food practices of students living in Piamonte, Santa Fe, Argentina. Food practices of 96 students with Piamontese ancestry (PA) (n = 57) and without Piamontese ancestry (No-PA) (n = 39) were studied along 2002 using a self-administered questionnare. Data were analysed by Chi square test, Fisher's exact test, multiple correspondance analysis and logistic regression. Consumption of bagna cauda (p < 0.05) and polenta (p < 0.1) were higher among PA. Differences on the elaboration of polenta and pasta were found: PA add them cheese (p < 0.05) and cream (p < 0.05) whereas no-PA make use of meat (p < 0.05) and tomato sauce (p < 0.05), respectively. The frequency of consumption of traditional Piamontese meals and the role of the mother in the purchase, the elaboration and the serving of the food were similar on both groups. In conclusion, food practices of Piamontese's descendants recall the food culture of their ancestry with some reasonable adaptations to the local context.

Tobacco industry targeting youth in Argentina.

PubMed

Braun, S; Mejia, R; Ling, P M; Pérez-Stable, E J

2008-04-01

Argentina has one of the highest cigarette smoking rates among both men and women in the Americas and no legislated restrictions on tobacco industry advertising. The tobacco industry has traditionally expanded markets by targeting adolescents and young adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether and how the tobacco industry promotes cigarettes to adolescents in Argentina. We conducted a systematic search of tobacco industry documents available through the internet dated between 1995 and 2004 using standard search terms to identify marketing strategies in Argentina. A selected review of the four leading newspapers and nine magazines with reported high readership among adolescents was completed. The selected print media were searched for tobacco images and these were classified as advertisements if associated with a commercial product or as a story if not. The tobacco industry used market segmentation as a strategy to target Argentinean consumers. British American Tobacco (BAT) undertook a young adult psychographic study and classified them as "progressives", "Jurassics" or "conservatives" and "crudos" or "spoiled brats". BAT marketed Lucky Strike to the "progressives" using Hollywood movies as a vehicle. The tobacco industry also targeted their national brands to the conservatives and linked these brands with "nationalistic values" in advertising campaigns. Philip Morris promoted Marlboro by sponsoring activities directed at young people and they launched the 10 cigarettes packet as a starter vehicle. The tobacco industry used psychographic segmentation of the population and developed advertising strategies focused on youth. Tobacco control researchers and advocates must be able to address these strategies in counter-marketing interventions.

Compression behavior of Fe-Si-H alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tagawa, S.; Ohta, K.; Hirose, K.; Ohishi, Y.

2015-12-01

Although the light elements in the Earth's core are still enigmatic, hydrogen has recently been receiving much attention. Planetary formation theory suggested that a large amount of water, much more than is in the oceans, could have been brought to the Earth during its accretion. Hydrogen is a strong siderophile element and could be incorporated into the core as a consequence of a reaction between water and molten iron in a magma ocean [Okuchi, 1997 Science]. Nevertheless, the effect of hydrogen on the property of iron is not well known so far. Here, we have experimentally examined the compression behavior of hcp Fe0.88Si0.12Hx (6.5 wt.% Si) at two different hydrogen concentrations (x = 0.7 and 0.9). Fe0.88Si0.12 foil was loaded into a diamond-anvil cell, and then liquid hydrogen was introduced to a sample chamber below 20 K. Hydrogenation occurred upon thermal annealing below 1500 K at 25-62 GPa, and hcp Fe0.88Si0.12Hx was obtained as a single phase. Unlike the Fe-H alloy, hydrogen did not fully occupy the octahedral sites even under hydrogen-saturated conditions. Two compression curves, one from 25 to 136 GPa, and the other from 62 to 128 GPa, were obtained at room temperature. While the effect of hydrogen on the compressibility of iron has been controversial in earlier experimental studies [Hirao et al., 2004 GRL; Pépin et al., 2014 PRL], our data indicate that the compressibility of Fe0.88Si0.12Hx alloy does not change with changing hydrogen content from x = 0 to 0.9. Such compression behavior observed is consistent with the recent ab initio calculations for hcp Fe-H alloys by Caracas[2015 GRL]. The extrapolation of present data to the outer core pressure and temperature range, assuming thermal expansivity is the same as that for iron and there is no density difference between solid and liquid, shows that the density of Fe0.88Si0.12H0.3 matches the PREM in the whole outer core within 1%.

Author Productivity and Publication Trends in Autism-Specific Journals from 1997 to 2004

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de la Cruz, Berenice; Cannella-Malone, Helen I.; Edrisinha, Chaturi; Sigafoos, Jeff; Robinson, Dan; Son, Seung-Hyun

2006-01-01

The 20 most productive authors (in terms of number of articles authored) were identified across three major autism-specific journals ("Autism: An International Journal of Research and Practice, Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities," and the "Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders") published between 1997…

Viral diagnostic criteria for Feline immunodeficiency virus and Feline leukemia virus infections in domestic cats from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PubMed

Galdo Novo, Sabrina; Bucafusco, Danilo; Diaz, Leandro M; Bratanich, Ana Cristina

A cross-sectional study was carried out on cats attending the Small Animal Hospital at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Blood samples from 255 cats with symptoms compatible with FIV or FeLV infection, collected between 2009 and 2013 were analyzed by serology (immunochromatography, IA) and by hemi-nested PCR (n-PCR). The IA and n-PCR assays showed similar percentages of positivity for FIV while the n-PCR test was more sensitive for FeLV. Differences between the diagnostic tests and their choice according to the age of the animal are discussed. The clinical histories of ninety of the 255 cats showed blood profiles similar to others previously reported and revealed a higher risk of infection in male adult cats with outdoor access. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Tobacco industry targeting youth in Argentina

PubMed Central

Braun, S; Mejia, R; Ling, P M; Pérez-Stable, E J

2013-01-01

Background/aim Argentina has one of the highest cigarette smoking rates among both men and women in the Americas and no legislated restrictions on tobacco industry advertising. The tobacco industry has traditionally expanded markets by targeting adolescents and young adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether and how the tobacco industry promotes cigarettes to adolescents in Argentina. Methods We conducted a systematic search of tobacco industry documents available through the internet dated between 1995 and 2004 using standard search terms to identify marketing strategies in Argentina. A selected review of the four leading newspapers and nine magazines with reported high readership among adolescents was completed. The selected print media were searched for tobacco images and these were classified as advertisements if associated with a commercial product or as a story if not. Results The tobacco industry used market segmentation as a strategy to target Argentinean consumers. British American Tobacco (BAT) undertook a young adult psychographic study and classified them as “progressives”, “Jurassics” or “conservatives” and “crudos” or “spoiled brats”. BAT marketed Lucky Strike to the “progressives” using Hollywood movies as a vehicle. The tobacco industry also targeted their national brands to the conservatives and linked these brands with “nationalistic values” in advertising campaigns. Philip Morris promoted Marlboro by sponsoring activities directed at young people and they launched the 10 cigarettes packet as a starter vehicle. Conclusions The tobacco industry used psychographic segmentation of the population and developed advertising strategies focused on youth. Tobacco control researchers and advocates must be able to address these strategies in counter-marketing interventions. PMID:18299308

[Governance of PHC development in Rosario, Argentina].

PubMed

Báscolo, Ernesto; Yavich, Natalia

2010-01-01

Describing the development of PHC policy as promoted by Rosario Municipality (Argentina). A case-study was carried out during 2007 and 2008. Data was collected from secondary and primary sources (interviews, organisational census and observations). PHC development stages were identified by recognising the social norms which produced institutional change and transformation in municipal health services structure and health care and management models. The prevailing modes of governance in each stage were reconognised and characterised (clan, hierarchy and/or incentives). Four stages were identified between 1990 and 2008: 1990-1995/hierarchical mode: primary health care level organisation autonomied from hospitals. 1995-2000/ clan mode: developing of participatory managerial boards and community participation. 2000-2004/ clan mode: maturation of the "PHC movement" in competition with hospitals. 2004-2008/ clan-hierarchical mode: "movement's" crisis and constructions of norms tending towards enhancing an integrated network. Strengthening and empowering first-level health-care produced innovation favouring: the consolidation of a "PHC movement" having strong social commitment and improved services performance. The clan governance mode (regulating collective action via voluntary adhesion to shared values) was crucial for developing PHC between 1995 and 2004. Later on, the movement's fragmentation and the challenges of integrating the health system required developing hierarchical regulation mechanisms to complement the governance clan mode regulation.

Arsenic concentration in water and bovine milk in Cordoba, Argentina. Preliminary results.

PubMed

Pérez-Carrera, Alejo; Fernández-Cirelli, Alicia

2005-02-01

The Chaco Pampean Plain of central Argentina constitutes one of the largest regions of high arsenic (As) groundwaters known, covering around 1 x 10(6) km2 (Smedley & Kinniburg, 2002; Farías et al. 2004). The high-As groundwaters are from Quaternary deposits of loess (mainly silt) with intermixed rhyolitic or dacitic volcanic ash (Nicolli et al. 1989, Smedley et al. 1998,2002). Early in the last century an endemic disease due to contamination of drinking water with arsenic was recognised. This disease is called HACRE (Hidroarsenicismo Crónico Regional Endémico, Chronic Endemic Regional Hydroarsenism) and is connected with a particular type of skin cancer (Astolfi et al. 1981). One of the most affected region is the province of Cordoba, where Nicolli et al. (1989) reported As concentrations that exceed the maximun level permitted for drinking water of 50 microg/l for 82% of the groundwater samples (n=60) of a study area comprising approximately 10000 km2. The southeast of Cordoba is an important milk production zone in Argentina, where dairy product consumption is up to 192 equivalent milk l/inhabitant/year. As a secretion of the mammary gland, milk can carry numerous xenobiotic substances, which constitute a technological risk factor for dairy products and above all for the health of the consumer (Licata et al. 2004). Nevertheless no studies on the incidence of high-As livestock drinking water in livestock health and its transfer to milk have been performed in Argentina. The aim of the present study was the determination of arsenic content in livestock drinking water and milk from dairy farms located in an area of high-As groundwaters, to analyse the relation between As uptake through water and its transfer to milk.

Natural occurrence of entomophthoroid fungi of aphid pests on Medicago sativa L. in Argentina.

PubMed

Manfrino, Romina G; Zumoffen, Leticia; Salto, César E; Lastra, Claudia C López

2014-01-01

Four species of entomophthoroid fungi, Pandora neoaphidis (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), Entomophthora planchoniana (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) and Neozygites fresenii (Neozygitales: Neozygitaceae) were found to infect Aphis craccivora, Therioaphis trifolii, and Acyrthosiphon pisum and unidentified species of Acyrthosiphon on lucerne in Argentina. Samples were collected from five sites (Ceres, Rafaela, Sarmiento, Monte Vera and Bernardo de Irigoyen) in the province of Santa Fe. In this study, Zoophthora radicans was the most important pathogen and was recorded mainly on Acyrthosiphon sp. Zoophthora radicans was successfully isolated and maintained in pure cultures. This study is the first report of entomophthoroid fungi infecting lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) aphids in Argentina. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Abortion surveillance--United States, 2004.

PubMed

Strauss, Lilo T; Gamble, Sonya B; Parker, Wilda Y; Cook, Douglas A; Zane, Suzanne B; Hamdan, Saeed

2007-11-23

CDC began abortion surveillance in 1969 to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions. This report summarizes and describes data voluntarily reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained in the United States in 2004. For each year since 1969, CDC has compiled abortion data by state or area of occurrence. During 1973-1997, data were received from or estimated for 52 reporting areas in the United States: 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City. In 1998 and 1999, CDC compiled abortion data from 48 reporting areas. Alaska, California, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma did not report, and data for these states were not estimated. During 2000-2002, Oklahoma again reported these data, increasing the number of reporting areas to 49; for 2003 and 2004, Alaska again reported and West Virginia did not, maintaining the number of reporting areas at 49. A total of 839,226 legal induced abortions were reported to CDC for 2004 from 49 reporting areas, representing a 1.1% decline from the 848,163 legal induced abortions reported by 49 reporting areas for 2003. The abortion ratio, defined as the number of abortions per 1,000 live births, was 238 in 2004, a decrease from the 241 in 2003. The abortion rate was 16 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years for 2004, the same since 2000. For the same 47 reporting areas, the abortion rate remained relatively constant during 1998-2004. In 2003 (the most recent years for which data are available), 10 women died as a result of complications from known legal induced abortion. No death was associated with known illegal abortion. The highest percentages of reported abortions were for women who were known to be unmarried (80%), white (53%), and aged <25 years (50%). Of all abortions for which gestational age was reported, 61% were performed at < or =8 weeks' gestation and 88% at <13 weeks. From 1992 (when detailed data regarding early abortions were first collected) through 2004, steady

Variations of the Geomagnetic Field During the Holocene-Pleistocene: Relative Paleointensity Records From South-Western Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gogorza, C. S.

2008-05-01

I present a review of the research carried out by the Group of Geomagnetism at Universidad Nacional del Centro (Argentina) on paleointensity records from bottom sediments from three lakes: Escondido (Gogorza et al., 2004), Moreno (Gogorza et al., 2006) and El Trébol (Gogorza et al., 2007; Irurzun et al., 2008) (South-Western Argentina, 41° S, 71° 30'W). Based on these studies, we construct a first relative (RPI) stack for South-Western Argentina covering the last 21,000 14C years BP. The degree of down-core homogeneity of magnetic mineral content as well as magnetic mineral concentration and grain sizes vary between all lakes and are quantified by high-resolution rock magnetic measurements. Rock magnetic studies suggest that the main carriers of magnetization are ferrimagnetic minerals, predominantly pseudo-single domain magnetite The remanent magnetization at 20 mT (NRM20mT) was normalized using the anhysteric remanent magnetization at 20mT (ARM20mT), the saturation of the isothermal remanent at 20 mT (SIRM20mT) and the low field magnetic susceptibility {k}. Coherence function analysis indicates that the normalised records are free of environmental influences. Our paleointensity (NRM20mT/ ARM20mT) versus age curve shows a good agreement with published records from other parts of the world suggesting that, in suitable sediments, paleointensity of the geomagnetic field can give a globally coherent, dominantly dipolar signal. References Gogorza, C.S.G., Irurzun, M.A., Chaparro, M.A.E., Lirio, J.M., Nuñez, H., Bercoff, P.G., Sinito, A.M. Relative Paleointensity of the Geomagnetic Field over the last 21,000 years bp from Sediment Cores, Lake El Trébol, (Patagonia, Argentina). Earth, Planets and Space. V58(10), 1323-1332. 2006. Gogorza, C.S.G., Sinito, A.M., Lirio, J.M., Nuñez, H., Chaparro, M.A.E., Bertorello, H.R. Paleointensity Studies on Holocene-Pleistocene Sediments from Lake Escondido, Argentina. Physical of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Elsevier, ISSN

Cost-Effectiveness of Chagas Disease Vector Control Strategies in Northwestern Argentina

PubMed Central

Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.; Spillmann, Cynthia; Zaidenberg, Mario; Kitron, Uriel; Gürtler, Ricardo E.

2009-01-01

Background Control and prevention of Chagas disease rely mostly on residual spraying of insecticides. In Argentina, vector control shifted from a vertical to a fully horizontal strategy based on community participation between 1992 and 2004. The effects of such strategy on Triatoma infestans, the main domestic vector, and on disease transmission have not been assessed. Methods and Findings Based on retrospective (1993–2004) records from the Argentinean Ministry of Health for the Moreno Department, Northwestern Argentina, we performed a cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis and compared the observed CE of the fully horizontal vector control strategy with the expected CE for a vertical or a mixed (i.e., vertical attack phase followed by horizontal surveillance) strategy. Total direct costs (in 2004 US$) of the horizontal and mixed strategies were, respectively, 3.3 and 1.7 times lower than the costs of the vertical strategy, due to reductions in personnel costs. The estimated CE ratios for the vertical, mixed and horizontal strategies were US$132, US$82 and US$45 per averted human case, respectively. When per diems were excluded from the costs (i.e., simulating the decentralization of control activities), the CE of vertical, mixed and horizontal strategies was reduced to US$60, US$42 and US$32 per averted case, respectively. Conclusions and Significance The mixed strategy would have averted between 1.6 and 4.0 times more human cases than the fully horizontal strategy, and would have been the most cost-effective option to interrupt parasite transmission in the Department. In rural and dispersed areas where waning vertical vector programs cannot accomplish full insecticide coverage, alternative strategies need to be developed. If properly implemented, community participation represents not only the most appealing but also the most cost-effective alternative to accomplish such objectives. PMID:19156190

Trends in disability of instrumental activities of daily living among older Chinese adults, 1997-2006: population based study.

PubMed

Liang, Yajun; Welmer, Anna-Karin; Möller, Jette; Qiu, Chengxuan

2017-08-28

Data on trends for disability in instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) are sparse in older Chinese adults. To assess trends in prevalence and incidence of IADL disability among older Chinese adults and to explore contributing factors. Population based study. 15 provinces and municipalities in China. Participants (age ≥60) were from four waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, conducted in 1997 (n=1533), 2000 (n=1581), 2004 (n=2028) and 2006 (n=2256), and from two cohorts constructed within the national survey: cohort 1997-2004 (n=712) and cohort 2000-2006 (n=823). IADL disability was defined as inability to perform one or more of the following: shopping, cooking, using transportation, financing and telephoning. Data were analysed with logistic regression and generalised estimating equation models. The prevalence of IADL disability significantly decreased from 1997 to 2006 in the total sample and in all of the subgroups by age, sex, living region and IADL items (all p trend <0.05). The incidence of IADL disability remained stable from cohort 1997-2004 to cohort 2000-2006 in the total sample and in all of the subgroups (all p>0.10). The recovery rate from IADL disability significantly increased over time in those aged 60-69 years (p=0.03). Living in a rural area or access to local clinics for healthcare was less disabling over time (p trend <0.02). The prevalence of IADL disability decreased among older Chinese adults during 1997-2006, whereas the incidence remained stable. The declining prevalence of IADL disability might be partly due to the decreased duration of IADL disability, and to improvements in living conditions and healthcare facilities over time. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Cure by age and stage at diagnosis for colorectal cancer patients in North West England, 1997-2004: a population-based study.

PubMed

Shack, L G; Shah, A; Lambert, P C; Rachet, B

2012-12-01

Stage and age at diagnosis are important prognostic factors for patients with colorectal cancer. However, the proportion cured by stage and age is unknown in England. This population-based study includes 29,563 adult patients who were diagnosed and registered with colorectal cancer during 1997-2004 and followed till 2007 in North West England. Multiple imputation was used to provide more reliable estimates of stage at diagnosis, when these data were missing. Cure mixture models were used to estimate the proportion 'cured' and the median survival of the uncured by age and stage. For both colon and rectal cancer the proportion of patients cured and median survival time of the uncured decreased with advancing stage and increasing age. Patients aged under 65 years had the highest proportion cured and longest median survival of the uncured. Cure of colorectal cancer patients is dependent on stage and age at diagnosis with younger patients or those with less advanced disease having a better prognosis. Further efforts are required, in order to reduce the proportion of patients presenting with stage III and IV disease and ultimately increase the chance of cure. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[From local studies to a regional perspective: pooled analysis of secondary data in a collaborative project on vulnerabilities associated with drug use in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay (1998-2004)].

PubMed

Ralón, Gonzalo; Rossi, Diana; Vila, Marcelo; Latorre, Laura; Bastos, Francisco Inácio; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira

2012-12-01

This paper develops the methodological principles of pooled analysis design, using it to study situations of vulnerability among drug users at a regional level. Data from thirteen cross-sectional studies carried out in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay between 1998 and 2004 were integrated. A critical review of the concept of data matrix which identifies four structural components, allowed us to: define the units of analysis spanning the different original populations; identify a core of common variables (social and demographic characteristics, drug use, sexual practices, serology of blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases) with their respective values; examine the indicators, dimensions and procedures used to measure the variables; and establish their compatibility with a thematic and comparative analysis of data collection tools. The main result was a new data matrix with 3,534 cases. Multidisciplinary collaboration between teams and institutions from the three countries made it possible to maximize the available sources in order to analyze characteristics of the local contexts and of the overall regional.

Thirteen-year trends in child and adolescent fundamental movement skills: 1997-2010.

PubMed

Hardy, Louise L; Barnett, Lisa; Espinel, Paola; Okely, Anthony D

2013-10-01

The objective of this study is to describe 13-yr trends in children's fundamental movement skill (FMS) competency. Secondary analysis of representative, cross-sectional, Australian school-based surveys was conducted in 1997, 2004, and 2010 (n = 13,752 children age 9-15 yr). Five FMS (sprint run, vertical jump, catch, kick, and overarm throw) were assessed using process-oriented criteria at each survey and children's skills classified as competent or not competent. Covariates included sex, age, cardiorespiratory endurance (20-m shuttle run test), body mass index (kg·m), and socioeconomic status (residential postcode). At each survey, the children's FMS competency was low, with prevalence rarely above 50%. Between 1997 and 2004, there were significant increases in all students' competency in the sprint run, vertical jump, and catch. For boys, competency increased in the kick (primary) and the overarm throw (high school), but among high school girls, overarm throw competency decreased. Between 2004 and 2010, competency increased in the catch (all students), and in all girls, competency increased in the kick, whereas competency in the vertical jump decreased. Overall, students' FMS competency was low especially in the kick and overarm throw in girls. The observed increase in FMS competency in 2004 was attributed to changes in practice and policy to support the teaching of FMS in schools. In 2010, competency remained low, with improvements in only the catch (all) and kick (girls) and declines in vertical jump. Potentially, the current delivery of FMS programs requires stronger positioning within the school curriculum. Strategies to improve children's physical activity should consider ensuring children are taught FMS to competency level, to enjoy being physically active.

Polio eradication initiative in Afghanistan, 1997-2013.

PubMed

Simpson, Diane M; Sadr-Azodi, Nahad; Mashal, Taufiq; Sabawoon, Wrishmeen; Pardis, Ajmal; Quddus, Arshad; Garrigos, Carmen; Guirguis, Sherine; Zahoor Zaidi, Syed Sohail; Shaukat, Shahzad; Sharif, Salmaan; Asghar, Humayan; Hadler, Stephen C

2014-11-01

This article reviews the epidemiology of polio, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, and the implementation of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) in Afghanistan from 1997 thru 2013. Published reports and unpublished national data on polio cases, AFP surveillance, and SIAs were analyzed. Recommendations from independent advisory groups and Afghan government informed the conclusions. From 1997 thru 2013, the annual number of confirmed polio cases fluctuated from a low of 4 in 2004 to a high of 80 in 2011. Wild poliovirus types 2 and 3 were last reported in 1997 and 2010, respectively. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 emerged in 2009. AFP surveillance quality in children aged <15 years improved over time, achieving rates>8 per 100,000 population. Since 2001, at least 6 SIAs have been conducted annually. Afghanistan has made progress moving closer to eliminating polio. The program struggles to reach all children because of management and accountability problems in the field, inaccessible populations, and inadequate social mobilization. Consequently, too many children are missed during SIAs. Afghanistan adopted a national emergency action plan in 2012 to address these issues, but national elimination will require consistent and complete implementation of proven strategies. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004

PubMed Central

Dermout, Sylvia; van de Wiel, Harry; Heintz, Peter; Jansen, Kees; Ankum, Willem

2010-01-01

BACKGROUND Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004. METHODS A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study. RESULTS More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure. PMID:19945960

Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004.

PubMed

Dermout, Sylvia; van de Wiel, Harry; Heintz, Peter; Jansen, Kees; Ankum, Willem

2010-02-01

Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004. A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study. More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress. Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.

Paleozoogeographic, biostratigraphic, and systematic aspects of the Genus Sclerocalyptus Ameghino, 1891 (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) of Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zurita, Alfredo; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo J.; Carlini, Alfredo A.

2005-10-01

Using species of the genus SclerocalyptusAmeghino, 1891, found in Argentina and considered valid, the authors recognize: (1) four species for the Ensenadan stage (Late Pliocene-Middle Pleistocene): S. pseudornatus (Ameghino), restricted to Buenos Aires province; S. ornatus (Owen), recorded at Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santa Fe provinces; S. perfectus (Gervais and Ameghino) in Buenos Aires and Santiago del Estero provinces; and S. cordubensis (Ameghino), endemic to west-central Córdoba province; (2) a single species for the Bonaerian stage (Middle-Late Pleistocene), S. migoyanus, restricted to the Buenos Aires province; and (3) Lujanian taxa (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) represented by Sclerocalyptus cf. S. heusseri (Ameghino), distributed in Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Tucumán, Corrientes, and Santa Fe provinces, and S. evidens (Ameghino) in Salta province. From a paleoenvironmental standpoint, the Sclerocalyptus species show adaptations to arid-semiarid and cold environments, such as strong development of the fronto-nasal sinuses, a characteristic that probably appeared during the Sanadresian-Ensenadan. Sclerocalyptus is not frequent in those areas in which relatively more humid and warm climates than those inferred for the Pampean region and central northern Argentina (e.g. Mesopotamia, west of Uruguay, south of Brazil) prevailed during the Quaternary.

Argentina: 1862-Present.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sater, William F.

1981-01-01

Presents an annotated bibliography of materials on the history of Argentina from 1862 to the 1980s. The bibliography is intended for use by college level history instructors as they develop curriculum on Argentina and as they seek to provide students with informative, stimulating, and accessible reading. The bilbiography relies heavily on journal…

Molecular phylogeography of the Chagas' disease vector Triatoma infestans in Argentina

PubMed Central

Pérez de Rosas, A R; Segura, E L; García, B A

2011-01-01

Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas' disease in South America between latitudes 10°S and 46°S. A multilocus microsatellite data set of 836 individuals from 27 populations of T. infestans, from all its range of distribution in Argentina, was analyzed. Our results favor the hypothesis of two independent migration events of colonization in Argentina and secondary contacts. The majority of the populations of the western provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja, San Juan and the west of Cordoba province, had almost no shared ancestry with the rest of the populations analyzed. Probably those populations, belonging to localities close to the Andean region, could have been established by the dispersal line of T. infestans that would have arrived to Argentina through the Andes, whereas most of the rest of the populations analyzed may have derived from the dispersal line of T. infestans in non-Andean lowlands. Among them, those from the provinces of Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero and Santa Fe shared different percentages of ancestry and presented lower degree of genetic differentiation. The migratory movement linked to regional economies and possibly associated with passive dispersal, would allow a higher genetic exchange among these populations of T. infestans. This study, using microsatellite markers, provides a new approach for evaluating the validity of the different hypotheses concerning the evolutionary history of this species. Two major lineages of T. infestans, an Andean and non-Andean, are suggested. PMID:21224874

Transport and spin transfer torques in Fe/MgO/Fe tunnel barriers.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heiliger, Christian

2008-03-01

The prediction of very high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios in crystalline Fe/MgO/Fe [1,2] tunnel junctions has been verified by a number of experiments [3,4]. The high TMR can be understood in terms of the electronic structure of the system. In MgO the δ1 states at the Brillouin zone center decay the most slowly and dominate the tunnelling current. For coherent interfaces, which are achievable due to the small lattice mismatch between Fe and MgO, these δ1 states at the Brillouin zone center are half-metallic in the Fe layers. The dominance of the δ1 states and their half-metallicity cause the high tunnelling magnetoresistance measured in Fe/MgO/Fe tunnel junctions [5]. For the spin transfer torque, we calculate the linear response for small currents and voltages. Our calculations show that the half metallicity of the Fe δ1 states leads to a strong localization of the spin transfer torque to the interface. As a result, the linear current dependence of the torque in the plane of the two magnetizations is independent of the free layer thickness for more than three monolayers of Fe. For perfect samples we also find a linear current dependence of the out-of-plane component. However, this linear piece oscillates rapidly with thickness and averages to zero in the presence of structural imperfections like thickness fluctuation, in agreement with experiment [6]. In this talk I discuss the bias dependence of the TMR and spin transfer torque effects mentioned above and the influence on them of the following factors: the interface structure Fe/MgO, the barrier thickness, and the structure of the leads [7]. This work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. [1] W. Butler, X.-G. Zhang, T. Schulthess, J. MacLaren, Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 054416. [2] J. Mathon, A. Umerski, Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 220403. [3] S. Yuasa, T. Nagahama, A. Fukushima, Y. Suzuki, K. Ando, Nature Materials 3 (2004) 868. [4] S.S.P. Parkin, C. Kaiser, A

Impact of Changes in Land Use in Hydro-physical Properties of Argiudolls of the Center of Santa Fe, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marano, R. P.; Imhoff, S.; Micheloud, H.; Carnevale, I.

2012-04-01

In Santa Fe province (Argentina) the substitution of agricultural-grass rotations for continuous crop under no-till has become very important because vegetal residues reduces soil degradation caused by rain-drop impact. However, in Santa Fe the sequence wheat-soya seems to produce insufficient quantity of straw to avoid that problem. The objective of this research was to evaluate some soil properties to verify the changes induced by the no-till system. Evaluations were carried out in four Argiudolls, each one under a special management condition and slope grade, i.e. Place 1: plane relief (0,08%), continuous agriculture of wheat-soya under no-till (CANT1) and traditional tillage (CAT1); Place 2 plane relief (0,08%), cattle production over natural grass (CNG2) and bare soil (CBS2); Place 3 smoothly wavy relief (0,55%), continuous agriculture of wheat-soya under no-till (CANT3); Place 4 wavy relief (1,2%), continuous agriculture of wheat-soya-corn under no-till (CANT4). Rain simulators of small (RSS) and medium (RSM) size were used to determine regional values of the curve number (CN), runoff (R) and infiltration (I) rates for steady state. Tension infiltrometers (TI) with four tensions (5, 3, 1.5 and 0 cm) and double-rings (DRI) were used to compare the infiltration. Soil samples were extracted with shovel to measure aggregates stability (AS) and with cylinders to determine the soil penetration resistance (PR) curve. Important deviations of the CN were found when they were corrected by the antecedent moisture (AMC) regarding to those indicated by the SCS; there was an overestimation of R when soil moisture was low and an underestimate with high water contents. The DRI does not represent the process of the rain infiltration for the central region of Santa Fe. On the contrary, with the use of RSM or RSS an appropriate characterization is achieved, especially with RSS that has as advantage its handling easiness and versatility of the intensities to apply. Alternatively

The effect of the 1997 Texas motorcycle helmet law on motorcycle crash fatalities.

PubMed

Bavon, Al; Standerfer, Christina

2010-01-01

This study seeks to determine the effect of the Texas motorcycle helmet law on fatalities since the repeal of the universal helmet law in 1997. Texas monthly motorcycle accident data between 1994 and 2004 were obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and supplemented with motorcycle registration data from the Texas Department of Transportation. An ARIMA model was used to estimate the impact of the law. A sharp increase in fatality rates occurred immediately following the implementation of the law in September 1997. Deaths increased by 30%, fatality rates per motorcycle registrations increased by 15.2%, and fatality rates per vehicle miles traveled increased by 25% after repeal. Helmet use decreased from 77% in 1996 to 63% in 1997 and 36% in 1998 and thereafter. The parameter estimates of the ARIMA model (0,0,0) (0,1,1) show that the change in the law led to statistically significant increases of 2.3 fatalities and 1.18 fatality rate per 100 billion vehicle miles traveled. The repeal of the universal helmet law in Texas in 1997 has had a significant adverse effect on motorcyclist fatalities in Texas.

Diel changes in metal concentrations in a geogenically acidic river: Rio Agrio, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parker, Stephen R.; Gammons, Christopher H.; Pedrozo, Fernando L.; Wood, Scott A.

2008-12-01

Rio Agrio in Patagonia, Argentina is a geogenically acidic stream that derives its low-pH waters from condensation of acidic gases near its headwaters on the flanks of the active Copahue Volcano. This study reports the results of three diel (24-h) water samplings in three different pH regimes (3.2, 4.4 and 6.3) along the river. Changes in the concentration and speciation of Fe dominated the diel chemical changes at all three sites, although the timing and intensity of these cycles were different in each reach. At the two acidic sampling sites, total dissolved Fe and dissolved Fe(III) concentrations decreased during the day and increased at night, whereas dissolved Fe(II) showed the reverse pattern. These cycles are explained by Fe(III) photoreduction, as well as enhanced rates of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) during the warm afternoon hours. A strong correlation was observed between Fe(III) and As at the furthest upstream (pH 3.2) site, most likely due to co-precipitation of As with HFO. At the downstream (pH 6.3) location, Fe(II) concentrations increased at night, as did concentrations of rare earth elements and dissolved Al. Photoreduction does not appear to be an important process at pH 6.3, although it may be indirectly responsible for the observed diel cycle of Fe(II) due to advection of photochemically produced Fe(II) from acidic upstream waters. The results of this study of a naturally-acidic river are very similar to diel trends recently obtained from mining-impacted streams receiving acid rock drainage. The results are also used to explore the link between geochemistry and microbiology in acidic eco-systems. For example, Fe(III) photoreduction produces chemical potential energy (in the form of metastable Fe 2+) that helps support the bacterial community in this unique extreme environment.

Argentina: Background and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-05

Comercio Internacional, Y Culto, Comunicado de la Cancillería Argentina, September 11, 2008. 43 A. Rebossio, "Fernández Acusa al FBI de Desestablizar...Argentina," El País (Madrid), September 13, 2008. 44 “Argentina Slams Witness in Cash Suitcase Scandal,” Associated Press Newswires, November 4, 2008

Emplacement, petrological and magnetic susceptibility characteristics of diverse magmatic epidote-bearing granitoid rocks in Brazil, Argentina and Chile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sial, A. N.; Toselli, A. J.; Saavedra, J.; Parada, M. A.; Ferreira, V. P.

1999-03-01

Magmatic epidote (mEp)-bearing granitoids from five Neoproterozoic tectonostratigraphic terranes in Northeastern (NE) Brazil, Early Palaeozoic calc-alkalic granitoids in Northwestern (NW) Argentina and from three batholiths in Chile have been studied. The elongated shape of some of these plutons suggests that magmas filled fractures and that dyking was probably the major mechanism of emplacement. Textures reveal that, in many cases, epidote underwent partial dissolution by host magma and, in these cases, may have survived dissolution by relatively rapid upward transport by the host magma. In plutons where such a mechanism is not evident, unevenly distributed epidote at outcrop scale is armoured by biotite or near-solidus K-feldspar aggregates, which probably grew much faster than epidote dissolution, preventing complete resorption of epidote by the melt. Al-in-hornblende barometry indicates that, in most cases, amphibole crystallized at P≥5 kbar. Kyanite-bearing thermal aureoles surrounding plutons that intruded low-grade metamorphic rocks in NE Brazil support pluton emplacement at intermediate to high pressure. mEp show overall chemical variation from 20 to 30 mol% (mole percent) pistacite (Ps) and can be grouped into two compositional ranges: Ps 20-24 and Ps 27-30. The highest Ps contents are in epidotes of plutons in which hornblende solidified under P<5 kbar. The percentage of corrosion of individual epidote crystals included in plagioclase in high-K calc-alkalic granitoids in NE Brazil, emplaced at 5-7 kbar pressure, yielded estimates of magma transport rate from 70 to 350 m year -1. Most of these plutons lack Fe-Ti oxide minerals and Fe +3 is mostly associated with the epidote structure. Consequently, magnetic susceptibility (MS) in the Neoproterozoic granitoids in NE Brazil, as well as Early Palaeozoic plutons in Argentina and Late Palaeozoic plutons in Chile, is usually low (<0.50×10 -3 SI), which is typical behavior of plutons which crystallized under

[Feeding of two amphibian species (Anura: Hylidae) during the low temperatures season and its relationship with energy storage in Santa Fe, Argentina].

PubMed

Antoniazzi, Carolina Elizabet; López, Javier Alejandro; Duré, Marta; Falico, Diego Alejandro

2013-06-01

Feeding of two amphibian species (Anura: Hylidae) during the low temperatures season and its relationship with energy storage in Santa Fe, Argentina. In environments with thermal and pluvial seasonality such as those of the Middle Paraná River floodplain (Province of Santa Fe, Argentina), most amphibian species reproduce during the warm season and drastically diminish their activity during winter. Even though, a few species remain active during the cold season, such as Hypsiboas pulchellus that has its reproductive peak during the autumn-winter period (and the consequent energy demand). The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the feeding and development of fat bodies during the low temperature season for H. pulchellus and Dendropsophus nanus. We analyzed entire gastrointestinal tract contents of both species (H. pulchellus = 110 specimens; D. nanus = 114 specimens) and applied an index (IRI%) that combines prey abundance, volume and frequency to describe frogs diets; we used fat bodies weights as indicators of stored energy reserves. We compared diet between species with a niche overlap index (Ojk: 0-1) and used null models to ascribe statistical significance to evaluate overlap; and we analyzed variation in empty guts proportions through months and between species. Also, using ANCOVAs we explored differences in fat bodies, number and volume of prey consumed along months, between species and sexes. The most important preys in H. pulchellus diet during the cold season were Araneae (IRI% = 34.96), Chironomidae (IRI% = 33.08), Tipulidae (IRI% = 11.44) and Gryllidae (IR1% = 7.31); while for D. nanus, Chironomidae (IR1% = 48.14), Tipulidae (IRI% = 18.41), Psychodidae (IRI% = 7.44) and Araneae (IRI% = 7.34). Diet overlap between species was elevated (Ojk=0.78) and higher than expected by chance (mean simulated indices: Ojk = 0.04; p[observed > or = expected]<0.01; p[observed < or = expected] = 1). In H. pulchellus there was a monthly variation in number

Medical revolution in Argentina.

PubMed

Ballarin, V L; Isoardi, R A

2010-01-01

The paper discusses the major Argentineans contributors, medical physicists and scientists, in medical imaging and the development of medical imaging in Argentina. The following are presented: history of medical imaging in Argentina: the pioneers; medical imaging and medical revolution; nuclear medicine imaging; ultrasound imaging; and mathematics, physics, and electronics in medical image research: a multidisciplinary endeavor.

Global Precipitation during the 1997-98 El Nino and Initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Adler, Robert; Huffman, George; Nelkin, Eric; Bolvin, David

1999-01-01

The 1997-99 ENSO (El nino Southern Oscillation) cycle was very powerful, but also well observed. The best satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a global analysis of precipitation anomalies accompanying the 1997-98 El Nino and initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina. For the period April 1997 to March 1998 the central to eastern Pacific, southeastern and western U.S., Argentina, eastern Africa, South China, eastern Russia, and North Atlantic were all more than two standard deviations wetter than normal. During the same year the Maritime Continent, eastern Indian Ocean, subtropical North Pacific, northeastern South America, and much of the mid- latitude southern oceans were more than two standard deviations drier than normal. An analysis of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent led the formation of the El Nino SST (Sea Surface Temperature), while in the central Pacific, precipitation anomalies lagged the El Nino SST by a season. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997 precipitation indices captured precursor changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. Differences were found between observed and modeled [NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis] precipitation anomalies for 1997 and 98. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared to the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the Maritime Continent and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific, was less pronounced for the model compared to the observations. One degree daily estimates of rainfall show clearly the MaddenJulian Oscillation and related westerly wind burst events over the Maritime Continent, which are key

Update on the diagnostic radiologist employment market: findings through 2004.

PubMed

Saket, Daniel D; Nwanze, Chukwuemeka C; Maynard, C Douglas; Sunshine, Jonathan H; Forman, Howard P

2005-12-01

The objective of this article is to summarize the latest information concerning the diagnostic radiologist employment market. Three sources of data are presented and compared with previous data: vacancies in academic radiology departments as of July; the ratio of job listings to job seekers at a major placement service; and the number of positions advertised in Radiology and the American Journal of Roentgenology. Vacancies in academic radiology departments averaged 3.9 in 2004, down 29%, and decreased for all subspecialties as compared with 2001, but the number of vacancies remained very similar to that for 2003. Job listings per job seeker were 1.1 in 2004, stable over the past 2 years but at the lowest level since 1997. The overall number of positions advertised declined by 14% in 2003 compared with 2002 and by an additional 17% in 2004, reaching the lowest level since 1998. In 2004, 45.3% of positions advertised were academic. Comparing 2003-2004 with 2001-2002, all geographic regions exhibited absolute declines in advertisements except the Northeast, which showed a 1.5% increase. Absolute increases occurred for musculoskeletal and emergency radiology positions. Statistically significant proportional decreases occurred for general radiology, vascular/interventional radiology, and pediatric radiology. Three separate data sources confirm a substantial and broad-based multiyear decline in the strength of the demand for diagnostic radiologists, with some shifting in relative demand for subspecialties. It is not clear if the decrease continued in 2004 or if 2004 demand was similar to that of 2003. Data are relative and do not indicate the employment market is weak in absolute terms.

The Ochodaeidae of Argentina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)

PubMed Central

Paulsen, M.J.; Ocampo, Federico C.

2012-01-01

Abstract The Ochodaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of Argentina are revised. Previously, two species of Ochodaeinae were known from the country, both in the genus Parochodaeus Nikolajev: Parochodaeus campsognathus (Arrow) and Parochodaeus cornutus (Ohaus). An additional 7 species of Parochodaeus from Argentina are described here as new. In addition, Gauchodaeus patagonicus, new genus and new species in the subfamilyChaetocanthinae, is described. This is the first record of the subfamily Chaetocanthinae in South America. Redescriptions, diagnoses, and maps are provided for each species. We also provide a key to genera and a key to species of Parochodaeus of Argentina. With this work, the number of ochodaeid species known from Argentina is increased from 2 to 10. PMID:22451781

Relative Paleointensity of the Geomagnetic Field 12-20 kyr. From Sediment Cores, Lake Moreno (Patagonia, Argentina)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gogorza, C. S.; Irurzun, M. A.; Chaparro, M. A.; Lirio, J. M.; Nunez, H.; Sinito, A. M.

2007-05-01

Four cores labeled Lmor1, Lmor2, Lmor3, Lmor98-1, Lmor98-2 from the bottom sediments of Lake Moreno (south-western Argentina) have been used to estimate regional geomagnetic paleointensity. Lake Moreno is on the east side of the Andean Cordillera Patagónica; it is located in the Llao Llao area, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina (41° S, 71° 30'W). The following measurements were performed: Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM), magnetic susceptibility at low and high frequency (specific, X and volumetric, k), Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) reaching the Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM), Back Field, Anhysteric Remanent Magnetization with a direct field of 0.1mT and an alternating field between 2.5 and 100mT (ARM100mT). Associated parameters were calculated: S-ratio, Remanent Coercitive Field (BCR, anhysteric volumetric susceptibility (kanh), SIRM/k, ARM100mT/k, and SIRM/ ARM100mT. The rock magnetic studies indicate that the magnetic mineralogy of the clay-rich sediments is dominated by pseudo- single domain magnetite in a narrow range of grain size (between 1 and 4μm) and concentration (between 0.05 and 0.1%), thereby meeting established criteria for relative paleointensity studies. The remanent magnetization at 20mT (NRM20mT) has been normalized using the anhysteric remanent magnetization at 20mT (ARM20mT), the saturation of the isothermal remanent magnetization at 20mT (SIRM20mT) and k. A comparison of these results with relative paleointensity records obtained in previous works, Lake Escondido (Gogorza et al., 2004) and Lake El Trébol (Gogorza et al., 2006) allows obtaining detailed information about the disagreement observed in the period 12-20 kyr between both records. References Gogorza, C.S.G., J.M. Lirio, H. Nunez, M.A.E. Chaparro, H.R. Bertorello, A.M. Sinito. Paleointensity studies on Holocene-Pleistocene sediments from Lake Escondido, Argentina, Phys. Earth and Planet. Inter. 145: 219-238, 2004. Gogorza, C.S.G., M.A. Irurzun

VizieR Online Data Catalog: ubvyH{beta} photometry in NGC 1817 & 1807 (Balaguer-Nunez+ 2004)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balaguer-Nunez, L.; Jordi, C.; Galadi-Enriquez, D.; Masana, E.

2004-07-01

The catalogue of accurate uvby-H{beta} and J2000 coordinates for 7842 stars in an area of 65'x40' around NGC 1817. We mark the selection of probable members of NGC 1817, combining this photometric study with the previous astrometric analysis (Balaguer-Nunez et al. 2004, Cat. ). Also given is the cross-identification of stars in common with the astrometry (Balaguer-Nunez et al. 2004, Cat. ), WEBDA (http://obswww.unige.ch/WEBDA), Hipparcos (ESA, 1997, Cat. ), Tycho-2 (Hog et al., 2000, Cat. ) and USNO-A2 (Monet et al., 1998, Cat. ) catalogues. (2 data files).

A new analysis of the effects of the Asian crisis of 1997 on emergent markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mariani, M. C.; Liu, Y.

2007-07-01

This work is devoted to the study of the Asian crisis of 1997, and its consequences on emerging markets. We have done so by means of a phase transition model. We have analyzed the crashes on leading indices of Hong Kong (HSI), Turkey (XU100), Mexico (MMX), Brazil (BOVESPA) and Argentina (MERVAL). We were able to obtain optimum values for the critical date, corresponding to the most probable date of the crash. The estimation of the critical date was excellent except for the MERVAL index; this improvement is due to a previous analysis of the parameters involved. We only used data from before the true crash date in order to obtain the predicted critical date. This article's conclusions are largely obtained via ad hoc empirical methods.

Capillariidae eggs found in the urine of a free ranging maned wolf from Argentina.

PubMed

Beldomenico, Pablo Martín; Hunzicker, Daniel; Lopez Taverna, Julio; Rejf, Paula K

2002-06-01

The first finding of a Capillariid in the urinary tract of a free ranging maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is described. The individual was an adult male attacked by dogs in the locality of Cayastacito (Santa Fe, Argentina, 31 degrees 05' S, 60 degrees 34' W). Eggs found in urine measured 64.6-66.9 micrometer (mean 65.4 micrometer) x 26.9-31 micrometer (mean 29 micrometer). Further studies are needed to determine whether this finding corresponds to a new Capillariid species, related to C. brachyurus, or it is an already described species that has been introduced by domestic dogs.

Tempo, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sayler, Michael, Ed.

1997-01-01

The three issues of this 1997 publication on gifted and talented students focus on the themes of teaching gifted students in the regular classroom, atypical gifted students, and the 1997 annual conference of the Texas Association for the Gifted and Talented. Major articles include the following: "Meeting the Needs of Gifted Learners in the Regular…

Occupational skin diseases from 1997 to 2004 at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway (UNN): an investigation into the course and treatment of occupational skin disease 10-15 years after first consultations with a dermatologist.

PubMed

Braun, Rosemarie; Dotterud, Lars Kåre

2016-01-01

Objectives We investigate the impact of occupational skin disease consultations among outpatients at the Dermatological Department, University Hospital, Northern Norway. Study design From 1997 until 2004, 386 patients with occupational skin disease were examined and given advice on skin care, skin disease treatment, skin protection in further work, and on the legal rights of patients with this disease. Ten to fifteen years later, we wanted to look at these patients in terms of their work situation, the current status of their disease, the help they received from the labour offices, and their subjective quality of life. Material and methods In the autumn of 2011 until the spring of 2012, a number of the patients examined in the period from 1997 to 2004 were selected and sent a questionnaire, which they were asked to answer and return, regarding their work situation and the progress and current status of their occupational disease. Results A total of 153 (77%) patients answered the questionnaire; 71% of these patients were still in work, and further 15% had old-age retired, 13% were working until then; 16% had retired early because of disability; 54% had changed jobs because of their occupational skin disease; 86% of the patients indicated that the skin disease had improved since our previous investigation. Conclusions Our investigation into patients with occupational skin disease documented that the majority of patients who had received professional dermatological consultation and intervention offers were still in the labour market and had good control of their skin disease 10-15 years later. We discovered that 71% of the patients were still employed. 13% had remained in work until they became old age pensioners. Only 16% dropped out of work because of disability. These high percentages may indicate that our intervention has contributed positively to patients' work conditions and the course of their skin disease.

Occupational skin diseases from 1997 to 2004 at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway (UNN): an investigation into the course and treatment of occupational skin disease 10-15 years after first consultations with a dermatologist.

PubMed

Braun, Rosemarie; Dotterud, Lars Kåre

2016-01-01

We investigate the impact of occupational skin disease consultations among outpatients at the Dermatological Department, University Hospital, Northern Norway. From 1997 until 2004, 386 patients with occupational skin disease were examined and given advice on skin care, skin disease treatment, skin protection in further work, and on the legal rights of patients with this disease. Ten to fifteen years later, we wanted to look at these patients in terms of their work situation, the current status of their disease, the help they received from the labour offices, and their subjective quality of life. In the autumn of 2011 until the spring of 2012, a number of the patients examined in the period from 1997 to 2004 were selected and sent a questionnaire, which they were asked to answer and return, regarding their work situation and the progress and current status of their occupational disease. A total of 153 (77%) patients answered the questionnaire; 71% of these patients were still in work, and further 15% had old-age retired, 13% were working until then; 16% had retired early because of disability; 54% had changed jobs because of their occupational skin disease; 86% of the patients indicated that the skin disease had improved since our previous investigation. Our investigation into patients with occupational skin disease documented that the majority of patients who had received professional dermatological consultation and intervention offers were still in the labour market and had good control of their skin disease 10-15 years later. We discovered that 71% of the patients were still employed. 13% had remained in work until they became old age pensioners. Only 16% dropped out of work because of disability. These high percentages may indicate that our intervention has contributed positively to patients' work conditions and the course of their skin disease.

1997 economic census : transportation 1997 commodity flow survey : United States

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey is part of the 1997 Economic Census. The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the Nation's economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, an...

[Changes in structure and function of the family of the adolescent in the last decade (1997-2007)].

PubMed

Pérez Milena, Alejandro; Martínez Fernández, María Luz; Mesa Gallardo, Inmaculada; Pérez Milena, Rafael; Leal Helmling, Francisco Javier; Jiménez Pulido, Idoia

2009-09-01

To find out the structure and functioning of the family of the adolescent and its changes in the last decade. Cross-sectional descriptive study using questionnaires. Pupils in obligatory secondary education and high-school in one rural (Granada) and one urban (Jaén) area. Self-administered questionnaire (years 1997-2001-2004-2007) in which details of age, sex, family structure and family-Apgar test were recorded. A total of 1356 adolescents participated, 1271 questionnaires valid (259, 386, 246 and 380 respectively per year). Ages 12-18 years, equality of sexes. The nuclear family structure was predominant (78-84%), followed by single parent family in (7-11%), extended (6-7%) and reconstituted (2%). The family function was mainly normal (70-76%), with 30% dysfunction (slight dysfunction 18-21% and severe dysfunction 5-10%). The structure and family function does not vary by sex or the year of study, it is influenced by age: adolescents 16 years with a higher percentage of family dysfunction in 1997/2001 than the rest of ages, declining in the years 2004/2007 (P <0.05 chi(2)), similar to other ages. While the nuclear family in 1997 had a greater number of adolescents with normal family function (P <0.05 chi(2)), in the remaining years there were no significant differences between different family structures. The perception of family function in adolescents has changed and now does not depend on sex, age and structure. Family care during adolescence should focus on promoting positive family dynamics, regardless of family structure.

Boll weevil invasion process in Argentina

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, is the most destructive cotton pest in the Western Hemisphere. In 1993, the pest was reported in Argentina, and in 1994 boll weevils were captured in cotton fields in the Formosa Province on the border between Argentina and Paraguay. The pest ha...

Dactylogyrid monogeneans parasitising Cyphocharax voga (Hensel) (Teleostei: Curimatidae) from the Pampas region, Argentina: new and previously described species.

PubMed

Rossin, María Alejandra; Timi, Juan Tomás

2016-09-01

Most studies on dactylogyrid monogeneans in Argentina have been carried out during 1980s and 1990s. Many of these species have been later synonymised and other remain under a confusing taxonomic status, particularly those parasitising Cyphocharax voga (Hensel) (Teleostei: Curimatidae). In order to clarify the identity of dactylogyrids, new material was collected from fishes in Lake Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. A total of four species was found in the gills of C. voga. Two known species, Curvianchoratus singularis (Suriano, 1980) Suriano, 1986 and Palombitrema triangulum (Suriano, 1981) Suriano, 1997, are redescribed and their generic and specific status discussed, and two new species are described. Urocleidoides surianoae n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners by having an anterior medial projection in the ventral bar and a laminar ligament connecting the base of the male copulatory organ and accessory piece. Annulotrematoides bonaerensis n. sp. differs from its congeners principally by having a ventral bar with an anterior medial projection. The diversity of dactylogyrids harboured by C. voga indicates the need of further studies in the Pampas region, which will provide interesting and valuable sources of evidence for future zoogeographical and evolutionary research on dactylogyrids in the Neotropics.

Occupational skin diseases from 1997 to 2004 at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway (UNN): an investigation into the course and treatment of occupational skin disease 10–15 years after first consultations with a dermatologist

PubMed Central

Braun, Rosemarie; Dotterud, Lars Kåre

2016-01-01

Objectives We investigate the impact of occupational skin disease consultations among outpatients at the Dermatological Department, University Hospital, Northern Norway. Study design From 1997 until 2004, 386 patients with occupational skin disease were examined and given advice on skin care, skin disease treatment, skin protection in further work, and on the legal rights of patients with this disease. Ten to fifteen years later, we wanted to look at these patients in terms of their work situation, the current status of their disease, the help they received from the labour offices, and their subjective quality of life. Material and methods In the autumn of 2011 until the spring of 2012, a number of the patients examined in the period from 1997 to 2004 were selected and sent a questionnaire, which they were asked to answer and return, regarding their work situation and the progress and current status of their occupational disease. Results A total of 153 (77%) patients answered the questionnaire; 71% of these patients were still in work, and further 15% had old-age retired, 13% were working until then; 16% had retired early because of disability; 54% had changed jobs because of their occupational skin disease; 86% of the patients indicated that the skin disease had improved since our previous investigation. Conclusions Our investigation into patients with occupational skin disease documented that the majority of patients who had received professional dermatological consultation and intervention offers were still in the labour market and had good control of their skin disease 10–15 years later. We discovered that 71% of the patients were still employed. 13% had remained in work until they became old age pensioners. Only 16% dropped out of work because of disability. These high percentages may indicate that our intervention has contributed positively to patients’ work conditions and the course of their skin disease. PMID:27172061

The Stenopodainae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) of Argentina

PubMed Central

Diez, Fernando; Coscarón, María del Carmen

2014-01-01

Abstract In Argentina, 10 genera and 33 species of Stenopodainae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) have been recorded. Diagnoses of the genera, subgenera and species are given, and an illustrated key to genera is provided. Six species are new records for Argentina and an additional seven species represent new records for provinces. PMID:25493054

English in Argentina: A Sociolinguistic Profile.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nielsen, Paul Maersk

2003-01-01

Provides insight into the dimensions and dynamics of English in Argentina by drawing a sociolinguistic profile of this language in a South American setting. Begins with an overview of the languages and cultures represented in Argentina and the historical presence, contact, and availability of English from the eighteenth century on. (VWL)

Phylodynamics of vampire bat-transmitted rabies in Argentina

PubMed Central

DOHMEN, F. GURY; BELTRAN, F.; NOVARO, L.; RUSSO, S.; FREIRE, M. C.; VELASCO-VILLA, A.; MBAYED, V. A.; CISTERNA, D. M.

2016-01-01

Common vampire bat populations distributed from Mexico to Argentina are important rabies reservoir hosts in Latin America. The aim of this work was to analyse the population structure of the rabies virus (RABV) variants associated with vampire bats in the Americas and to study their phylodynamic pattern within Argentina. The phylogenetic analysis based on all available vampire bat-related N gene sequences showed both a geographical and a temporal structure. The two largest groups of RABV variants from Argentina were isolated from northwestern Argentina and from the central western zone of northeastern Argentina, corresponding to livestock areas with different climatic, topographic and biogeographical conditions, which determined their dissemination and evolutionary patterns. In addition, multiple introductions of the infection into Argentina, possibly from Brazil, were detected. The phylodynamic analysis suggests that RABV transmission dynamics is characterized by initial epizootic waves followed by local enzootic cycles with variable persistence. Anthropogenic interventions in the ecosystem should be assessed taking into account not only the environmental impact but also the potential risk of disease spreading through dissemination of current RABV lineages or the emergence of novel ones associated with vampire bats. PMID:24661865

[Prevalence of associated microorganisms in genital discharge, Argentina].

PubMed

Di Bartolomeo, Susana; Rodriguez Fermepin, Marcelo; Sauka, Diego H; Alberto de Torres, Ramón

2002-10-01

There was a significant increase in the number of women demanding gynecological care in public hospital of the Great Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 1997 and 1998. It was necessary to update the prevalence of associated microorganisms in order to review the laboratory support and adjust prevention and control guidelines. Samples from vaginal and endocervical discharge, from total cases: 84 adolescents (15 to 19 years) and 784 adults (20-60 years) attended in 1997-1998, were studied. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp, and bacterial vaginosis, were diagnosed applying direct detection methods and specific culture isolation. Chlamydia trachomatis (antigen detection), Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis (culture) were also studied in part of the population. Patient care increased steadily from 1997 and there was an increase of 2.1 times from the first semester to the last one in 1998. Bacterial vaginosis was the most prevalent disease in the adult group, with 23.8%; followed by Candida spp 17.8%; S. agalactiae 5.6%; T.vaginalis 2.4%. In 50.3% of total adult cases neither bacterial vaginosis or presence of any sought microorganisms, was detected. In the adolescents group the most frequent detection was Candida spp with a 29.7%; bacterial vaginosis in 17.8%; followed by S. agalactiae 3.6%, T.vaginalis 2.4%. Also in this group on an important number of cases, 46.4%, none bacterial vaginosis or the presence of the sought microorganism were found. In some of the adult group, C. trachomatis (7/400) 1.76%, U. urealyticum (209/340) 61.4% and M. hominis (45/272) 16.5% were detected. Bacterial vaginosis and Candida spp prevalence is important in both groups. The absence of N. gonorrhoeae and lower prevalence of T. vaginalis and C. trachomatis is remarkable. A high prevalence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis were also detected, but the actual pathogenic role in adult women is still under discussion. The significant

Outcomes of external cephalic version and breech presentation at term, an audit of deliveries at a Sydney tertiary obstetric hospital, 1997-2004.

PubMed

Nassar, Natasha; Roberts, Christine L; Cameron, Carolyn A; Peat, Brian

2006-01-01

Probabilistic information on outcomes of breech presentation is important for clinical decision-making. We aim to quantify adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of breech presentation at term. We conducted an audit of 1,070 women with a term, singleton breech presentation who were classified as eligible or ineligible for external cephalic version or diagnosed in labor at a tertiary obstetric hospital in Australia, 1997-2004. Maternal, delivery and perinatal outcomes were assessed and frequency of events quantified. Five hundred and sixty (52%) women were eligible and 170 (16%) were ineligible for external cephalic version, 211 (20%) women were diagnosed in labor and 134 (12%) were unclassifiable. Seventy-one percent of eligible women had an external cephalic version, with a 39% success rate. Adverse outcomes of breech presentation at term were rare: immediate delivery for prelabor rupture of membranes (1.3%), nuchal cord (9.3%), cord prolapse (0.4%), and fetal death (0.3%); and did not differ by clinical classification. Women who had an external cephalic version had a reduced risk of onset-of-labor within 24 h (RR 0.25; 95%CI 0.08, 0.82) compared with women eligible for but who did not have an external cephalic version. Women diagnosed with breech in labor had the highest rates of emergency cesarean section (64%), cord prolapse (1.4%) and poorest infant outcomes. Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of breech presentation at term are rare and there was no increased risk of complications after external cephalic version. Findings provide important data to quantify the frequency of adverse outcomes that will help facilitate informed decision-making and ensure optimal management of breech presentation.

Compression of Fe-Si-H alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tagawa, S.; Ohta, K.; Hirose, K.

2014-12-01

The light elements in the Earth's core have not been fully identified yet, but hydrogen is now collecting more attention in part because recent planet formation theory suggests that large amount of water should have been brought to the Earth during its formation (giant-impact stage). Nevertheless, the effect of hydrogen on the property of iron alloys is little known so far. The earlier experimental study by Hirao et al. [2004 GRL] examined the compression behavior of dhcp FeHx (x ≈ 1) and found that it becomes much stiffer than pure iron above 50 GPa, where magnetization disappears. Here we examined the solubility of hydrogen into iron-rich Fe-Si alloys and the compression behavior of dhcp Fe-Si-H alloy at room temperature. Fe+6.5wt.%Si or Fe+9wt.%Si foil was loaded into a diamond-anvil cell (DAC), and then liquid hydrogen was introduced at temperatures below 20 K. X-ray diffraction measurements at SPring-8 revealed the formation of a dhcp phase with or without thermal annealing by laser above 8.4 GPa. The concentration of hydrogen in such dhcp lattice was calculated following the formula reported by Fukai [1992]; y = 0.5 and 0.2 for Fe-6.5wt.%Si-H or Fe-9wt.%Si-H alloys, respectively when y is defined as Fe(1-x)SixHy. Unlike Fe-H alloy, hydrogen didn't fully occupy the octahedral sites even under hydrogen-saturated conditions in the case of Fe-Si-H system. Anomaly was observed in obtained pressure-volume curve around 44 Å3 of unit-cell volume for both Fe-6.5wt.%Si-H and Fe-9wt.%Si-H alloys, which may be related to the spin transition in the dhcp phase. They became slightly stiffer at higher pressures, but their compressibility was still similar to that of pure iron.

The increasing use of theory in social gerontology: 1990-2004.

PubMed

Alley, Dawn E; Putney, Norella M; Rice, Melissa; Bengtson, Vern L

2010-09-01

To determine how often theory is used in published research in social gerontology, compare theory use over a 10-year period (1990-1994 to 2000-2004), and identify the theories most frequently used in social gerontology research. Systematic review of articles published in eight leading journals from 2000 to 2004 (N = 1,046) and comparison with a review conducted 10 years earlier. Theory was mentioned in 39% of articles published from 2000 to 2004, representing a 12% increase in the use of theory over 10 years. This increase was driven by theories outside the core sociology of aging theories identified by Bengtson, V. L., Burgess, E. O., and Parrott, T. M. (1997). Theory, explanation, and a third generation of theoretical development in social gerontology. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 52B, S72-S88. The five most frequently used theories included the life course perspective, life-span developmental theories, role theory, exchange theory, and person-environment theory/ecological theories of aging. Commonly used models included stress process/stress and coping models, successful aging models, the Andersen behavioral model of health services use, models of control/self-efficacy/mastery, and disablement process models. Theory use in social gerontology increased between 1990 and 2004, with a shift toward theories that cross disciplines. However, the majority of research in social gerontology continues to be atheoretical. Models are widely used as a supplement to or substitute for theory. Many of these models are currently being debated and elaborated, and over time, they may emerge as important theoretical contributions to social gerontology.

The health crisis in Argentina.

PubMed

Escudero, José Carlos

2003-01-01

The health crisis in Argentina is part of the larger crisis that has resulted from a collapse in the country's economic and political systems. After a brief review of the country's history over the last century, from international success story to economic failure, the author explains the health crisis in particular and the social crisis in general in terms of failed neoliberal policies imposed on Argentina by the United States and International Monetary Fund through the mediation of the country's political class.

Size of nesting female Broad-snouted Caimans (Caiman latirostris Daudin 1802).

PubMed

Leiva, P M L; Simoncini, M S; Portelinha, T C G; Larriera, A; Piña, C I

2018-03-12

The southern distribution of the Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris Daudin 1802) in Argentina occurs in Santa Fe Province, where its population has been under management by "Proyecto Yacaré" since 1990. From 1997 to 2016, we captured 77 nesting female Broad-snouted Caimans in Santa Fe Province. Our results suggest that previously defined size classes for Broad-snouted Caiman do not adequately describe the reproductively mature female segment of the population. Here we propose to change size ranges for general size classes for Broad-snouted Caiman. In addition, we have observed that reintroduced reproductive females by Proyecto Yacaré represent about 32% of captured females. These results indicate that reintroduced females by the management program are surviving and reproducing in the wild at least up to 20 years.

77 FR 21968 - Honey From Argentina: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-12

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-357-813] Honey From Argentina... Argentina. See Notice of Countervailing Duty Order: Honey From Argentina, 66 FR 63673 (December 10, 2001... review of the countervailing duty order on honey from Argentina for the period January 1, 2011, through...

76 FR 16609 - Honey From Argentina: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-357-813] Honey From Argentina... administrative review of the countervailing duty order on honey from Argentina for the period January 1, 2010... order on honey from Argentina. See Notice of Countervailing Duty Order: Honey From Argentina, 66 FR...

Salmonelloses in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, 2002 to 2004

PubMed Central

Wagner, Vanessa Rech; Silveira, Josete Baialardi; Tondo, Eduardo Cesar

2013-01-01

Salmonella has been identified as the main aetiological agent responsible for foodborne diseases in several countries worldwide, including Brazil. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, previews studies analysed official foodborne illnesses data, identifying Salmonella as the main bacterial agent of foodborne diseases during the period of 1997 to 2001. The present study aimed to analyse the official epidemiological data on salmonelloses occurred in the State of RS, during the period of 2002 to 2004. Even though data on recent salmonelloses were available, only data concerning the period comprising in 2002 to 2004 were analysed because the official worksheet records presented more consistent information about the salmonellosis outbreaks. Results indicated that, among the 624 foodborne outbreaks officially investigated, 202 (32.37%) were confirmed as salmonellosis. Among them 23,725 people were involved, 4,148 became sick, 1,878 were hospitalized and one person died. The season with the highest incidence of salmonelloses was spring, and the most affected age group was composed of people aged between 20 to 49 years old (56.66%). Animal origin foods - especially eggs and meat products - were very often involved with the outbreaks, however homemade mayonnaise was identified as the main food vehicle for salmonelloses (53.51%). The majority of the cases occurred inside private homes (55.81%) and food services (12.1%), and the main factors contributing to the occurrence of the outbreaks were the consumption of products without sanitary inspection (26.7%) and exposure of food at room temperature for more than two hours (18.58%). Similarly to what was previously reported for the period of 1997 to 2001, Salmonella spp. was the most prevalent foodborne disease agent in the State of RS during the years of 2002 to 2004. PMID:24516439

Salmonelloses in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, 2002 to 2004.

PubMed

Wagner, Vanessa Rech; Silveira, Josete Baialardi; Tondo, Eduardo Cesar

2013-01-01

Salmonella has been identified as the main aetiological agent responsible for foodborne diseases in several countries worldwide, including Brazil. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, previews studies analysed official foodborne illnesses data, identifying Salmonella as the main bacterial agent of foodborne diseases during the period of 1997 to 2001. The present study aimed to analyse the official epidemiological data on salmonelloses occurred in the State of RS, during the period of 2002 to 2004. Even though data on recent salmonelloses were available, only data concerning the period comprising in 2002 to 2004 were analysed because the official worksheet records presented more consistent information about the salmonellosis outbreaks. Results indicated that, among the 624 foodborne outbreaks officially investigated, 202 (32.37%) were confirmed as salmonellosis. Among them 23,725 people were involved, 4,148 became sick, 1,878 were hospitalized and one person died. The season with the highest incidence of salmonelloses was spring, and the most affected age group was composed of people aged between 20 to 49 years old (56.66%). Animal origin foods--especially eggs and meat products--were very often involved with the outbreaks, however homemade mayonnaise was identified as the main food vehicle for salmonelloses (53.51%). The majority of the cases occurred inside private homes (55.81%) and food services (12.1%), and the main factors contributing to the occurrence of the outbreaks were the consumption of products without sanitary inspection (26.7%) and exposure of food at room temperature for more than two hours (18.58%). Similarly to what was previously reported for the period of 1997 to 2001, Salmonella spp. was the most prevalent foodborne disease agent in the State of RS during the years of 2002 to 2004.

First report of an HIV-1 triple recombinant of subtypes B, C and F in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PubMed

Pando, María A; Eyzaguirre, Lindsay M; Segura, Marcela; Bautista, Christian T; Marone, Rubén; Ceballos, Ana; Montano, Silvia M; Sánchez, José L; Weissenbacher, Mercedes; Avila, María M; Carr, Jean K

2006-09-07

We describe the genetic diversity of currently transmitted strains of HIV-1 in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 2000 and 2004. Nearly full-length sequence analysis of 10 samples showed that 6 were subtype B, 3 were BF recombinant and 1 was a triple recombinant of subtypes B, C and F. The 3 BF recombinants were 3 different unique recombinant forms. Full genome analysis of one strain that was subtype F when sequenced in pol was found to be a triple recombinant. Gag and pol were predominantly subtype F, while gp120 was subtype B; there were regions of subtype C interspersed throughout. The young man infected with this strain reported multiple sexual partners and sero-converted between May and November of 2004. This study reported for the first time the full genome analysis of a triple recombinant between subtypes B, C and F, that combines in one virus the three most common subtypes in South America.

First isolation and molecular characterization of Suid herpesvirus type 1 from a domestic dog in Argentina

PubMed Central

Serena, Maria Soledad; Metz, Germán Ernesto; Lozada, Maria Ines; Aspitia, Carolina Gabriela; Nicolino, Edgardo Héctor; Pidone, Claudio Luis; Fossaroli, Melisa; Balsalobre, Agustin; Quiroga, Maria Alejandra; Echeverria, Maria Gabriela

2018-01-01

Since Aujeszky`s disease (pseudorabies), which is caused by Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SuHV-1), was first notified in Argentina in 1978, many SuHV-1 strains have been isolated from swine. However, this disease can affect other vertebrates, such as dogs (secondary hosts), and lead to fatal neurological disease. The objective of the current work is to report the first isolation and molecular characterization of SuHV-1 from a dead domestic dog from Santa Fe Province (Argentina), which had had nervous signs compatible with pseudorabies. Samples of brain and trigeminal ganglia from this dog were obtained and fixed in formol for histopathology, and virology studies were conducted after cell disruption. Supernatants of both samples were inoculated onto RK13 cells and, after 72 h, DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform. Purified DNA was cut with a restriction enzyme and subjected to agarose gel and an aliquot was used to amplify the gD and gC genes by PCR. The gC sequence was compared with other public sequences. The strain isolated from the dog was similar to other Argentinean swine strains. PMID:29721443

Effects of the 2004 El Nino on Tropospheric Ozone and Water Vapor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chandra, S.; Ziemke, J. R.; Schoeberl, M. R.; Froidevaux, L.; Read, W. G.; Levelt, P. F.; Bhartia, P. K.

2007-01-01

The global effects of the 2004 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and H2O based on Aura OM1 and MLS measurements are analyzed. Although it was a weak El Nino from a historical perspective, it produced significant changes in these parameters in tropical latitudes. Tropospheric ozone increased by 10-20% over most of the western Pacific region and decreased by about the same amount over the eastern Pacific region. H2O in the upper troposphere showed similar changes but with opposite sign. These zonal changes in tropospheric ozone and H2O are caused by the eastward shift in the Walker circulation in the tropical pacific region during El Nino. For the 2004 El Nino, biomass burning did not have a significant effect on the ozone budget in the troposphere unlike the 1997 El Nino. Zonally averaged tropospheric column ozone did not change significantly either globally or over the tropical and subtropical latitudes.

[Health education in schools in Argentina: an art contest as a motivating activity].

PubMed

Darnaud, Raquel; Dato, María Isabel

2009-02-01

The purpose of this study was to plan health education efforts that integrate the health and education sectors. From March to November 2004, an art contest was held for 7th-9th grade students in 109 schools in 11 of Argentina's provinces. The contest allowed improvements in knowledge to be measured and adjustments to be made to the curriculum. The students created works of art featuring tuberculosis. To evaluate knowledge acquired, two provinces were chosen at random. Student knowledge had increased from 67.2% to 96.4%. The administrators and teachers testified to the usefulness of the materials developed. These results show that when the efforts of health and education sectors are coordinated and the appropriate materials are leveraged, the efforts of educators can be substantially bolstered.

Arsenic in Water Resources of the Southern Pampa Plains, Argentina

PubMed Central

Paoloni, Juan D.; Sequeira, Mario E.; Espósito, Martín E.; Fiorentino, Carmen E.; Blanco, María del C.

2009-01-01

Confronted with the need for accessible sources of good quality water and in view of the fact that the threat to public health posed by arsenic occurs mainly through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water, the presence and distribution of arsenic was evaluated in the southern Pampa Plains of Bahía Blanca district in Argentina. The findings show variable concentrations of arsenic in a complex distribution pattern. Complementary information is provided on the behavior of the groundwater resource and its salinity in terms of dissolved ions. Groundwater is the most severely affected, 97% of the samples exceeding the guideline value for arsenic in drinking water as recommended by the WHO (Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 2004). and showing maximum concentrations of up to 0.30 mg/L. Informing those responsible for preventive medicine and alerting the community at large will facilitate measures to mitigate exposure and ensure the safety of drinking water. PMID:19936127

Iron-bearing minerals of a rupestrian painting from the Manantial Solís site, Cardiel Lake, Patagonia, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duarte Cavalcante, Luis Carlos; Ferraro, Lorena; Hugon, Paulette; Soares Meneses Lage, Maria Conceição; Fabris, José Domingos

2017-11-01

The archaeological site Manantial Solís is located on shores of the Cardiel Lake, Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina. The main characteristic of this site is the occurrence of 251 rupestrian paintings, namely abstract figures, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs, painted in different hues of red, but also in yellow, orange, pink, violet and white; these paintings are often formed by overlapping pictorial motifs. The basaltic rock-wall supporting these graphisms has been naturally degraded and, as a consequence, covered with saline efflorescence. The chemical and mineralogical analyses of a micro-sample from a red rupestrian painting were made in the laboratory by (i) energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence; (ii) CHN elemental analysis and (iii) 57Fe transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy at 298 K and 110 K, in an effort to identify the main iron-bearing minerals composing the painting pigments. The stratigraphy of the paint layer was investigated on a polished cross-section. From the Mössbauer spectra of this red painting, two sextets assignable to hematite ( α Fe2O3) were identified. The Fe3+ central doublet is assumed to be due to superparamagnetic phases, more likely as iron (oxyhydr)oxides (likely including some goethite, α FeOOH) in very small particles and paramagnetic iron in the crystalline structure of aluminosilicates. The Fe2+ doublet was interpreted as being due to the basalt rock support of this prehistoric painting.

Spatial spread of dengue in a non-endemic tropical city in northern Argentina.

PubMed

Gil, José F; Palacios, Maximiliano; Krolewiecki, Alejandro J; Cortada, Pedro; Flores, Rosana; Jaime, Cesar; Arias, Luis; Villalpando, Carlos; Alberti DÁmato, Anahí M; Nasser, Julio R; Aparicio, Juan P

2016-06-01

After more than eighty years dengue reemerged in Argentina in 1997. Since then, the largest epidemic in terms of geographical extent, magnitude and mortality, was recorded in 2009. In this report we analyzed the DEN-1 epidemic spread in Orán, a mid-size city in a non-endemic tropical area in Northern Argentina, and its correlation with demographic and socioeconomic factors. Cases were diagnosed by ELISA between January and June 2009. We applied a space-time and spatial scan statistic under a Poisson model. Possible association between dengue incidence and socio-economic variables was studied with the Spearman correlation test. The epidemic started from an imported case from Bolivia and space-time analysis detected two clusters: one on February and other in April (in the south and the northeast of the city respectively) with risk ratios of 25.24 and 4.07 (p<0.01). Subsequent cases spread widely around the city without significant space-temporal clustering. Maximum values of the entomological indices were observed in January, at the beginning of the epidemic (B=21.96; LH=8.39). No statistically significant association between socioeconomic variables and dengue incidence was found but positive correlation between population size and the number of cases (p<0.05) was detected. Two mechanisms may explain the observed pattern of epidemic spread in this non-endemic tropical city: a) Short range dispersal of mosquitoes and people generates clusters of cases and b) long-distance (within the city) human movement contributes to a quasi-random distribution of cases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Occurrence of Meloidogyne spp. in Argentina

PubMed Central

Doucet, M. E.; Pinochet, J.

1992-01-01

A record of 84 plant species in 32 families that are hosts to the root-knot nematode species found in Argentina is presented. The genus Meloidogyne appears to be widely distributed in the country, with Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica the most frequently detected species. Other species found in Argentina include M. arenaria, M. cruciani, M. decalineata, M. hapla, and M. ottersoni. The present survey is supplemented with existing published information. PMID:19283059

Stereo Pair: Patagonia, Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-06-29

This view of northern Patagonia, near El Cain, Argentina shows complexly eroded volcanic terrain, with basalt mesas, sinkholes, landslide debris, playas, and relatively few integrated drainage channels.

Projected Impact of a Sodium Consumption Reduction Initiative in Argentina: An Analysis from the CVD Policy Model – Argentina

PubMed Central

Konfino, Jonatan; Mekonnen, Tekeshe A.; Coxson, Pamela G.; Ferrante, Daniel; Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten

2013-01-01

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in adults in Argentina. Sodium reduction policies targeting processed foods were implemented in 2011 in Argentina, but the impact has not been evaluated. The aims of this study are to use Argentina-specific data on sodium excretion and project the impact of Argentina’s sodium reduction policies under two scenarios - the 2-year intervention currently being undertaken or a more persistent 10 year sodium reduction strategy. Methods We used Argentina-specific data on sodium excretion by sex and projected the impact of the current strategy on sodium consumption and blood pressure decrease. We assessed the projected impact of sodium reduction policies on CVD using the Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Policy Model, adapted to Argentina, modeling two alternative policy scenarios over the next decade. Results Our study finds that the initiative to reduce sodium consumption currently in place in Argentina will have substantial impact on CVD over the next 10 years. Under the current proposed policy of 2-year sodium reduction, the mean sodium consumption is projected to decrease by 319–387 mg/day. This decrease is expected to translate into an absolute reduction of systolic blood pressure from 0.93 mmHg to 1.81 mmHg. This would avert about 19,000 all-cause mortality, 13,000 total myocardial infarctions, and 10,000 total strokes over the next decade. A more persistent sodium reduction strategy would yield even greater CVD benefits. Conclusion The impact of the Argentinean initiative would be effective in substantially reducing mortality and morbidity from CVD. This paper provides evidence-based support to continue implementing strategies to reduce sodium consumption at a population level. PMID:24040085

A new Batillipedidae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from Argentina.

PubMed

Menechella, Agustín G; Bulnes, Verónica N; Cazzaniga, Néstor J

2015-10-16

A new species of marine tardigrade, Batillipes acuticauda sp. n., has been found in midlittoral sand sediments collected at Monte Hermoso beach (Buenos Aires province, Argentina). The new species differs from all other members of Batillipedidae by its combination of caudal apparatus, lateral processes and toe patterns. It is the first description of an arthrotardigrade from Argentina.

77 FR 28423 - Final Rule To Implement the 1997 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-14

...The EPA is revising the rules for implementing the 1997 8-hour ozone national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) to address certain limited portions of the rules vacated by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. This final rule assigns Clean Air Act (CAA or Act) classifications and associated state planning and control requirements to selected ozone nonattainment areas. This final rule also addresses three vacated provisions of the 1997 8-hour NAAQS--Phase 1 Implementation Rule (April 30, 2004) that provided exemptions from the anti-backsliding requirements relating to nonattainment area New Source Review (NSR), CAA section 185 penalty fees, and contingency measures, as these three requirements applied for the 1-hour standard. This rule also reinstates the 1-hour contingency measures as applicable requirements that must be retained until the area attains the 1997 8- hour ozone standard. Finally, this rule deletes an obsolete provision that stayed the EPA's authority to revoke the 1-hour ozone standard pending the Agency's issuance of a final rule that revises or reinstates its revocation authority and considers and addresses certain other issues. That rule has now been issued.

Avian Influenza (H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Humans in Asia in 2004 Exhibit Increased Virulence in Mammals

PubMed Central

Maines, Taronna R.; Lu, Xui Hua; Erb, Steven M.; Edwards, Lindsay; Guarner, Jeannette; Greer, Patricia W.; Nguyen, Doan C.; Szretter, Kristy J.; Chen, Li-Mei; Thawatsupha, Pranee; Chittaganpitch, Malinee; Waicharoen, Sunthareeya; Nguyen, Diep T.; Nguyen, Tung; Nguyen, Hanh H. T.; Kim, Jae-Hong; Hoang, Long T.; Kang, Chun; Phuong, Lien S.; Lim, Wilina; Zaki, Sherif; Donis, Ruben O.; Cox, Nancy J.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.

2005-01-01

The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses across Asia in 2003 and 2004 devastated domestic poultry populations and resulted in the largest and most lethal H5N1 virus outbreak in humans to date. To better understand the potential of H5N1 viruses isolated during this epizootic event to cause disease in mammals, we used the mouse and ferret models to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses representing multiple genetic and geographical groups and compared them to earlier H5N1 strains isolated from humans. Four of five human isolates tested were highly lethal for both mice and ferrets and exhibited a substantially greater level of virulence in ferrets than other H5N1 viruses isolated from humans since 1997. One human isolate and all four avian isolates tested were found to be of low virulence in either animal. The highly virulent viruses replicated to high titers in the mouse and ferret respiratory tracts and spread to multiple organs, including the brain. Rapid disease progression and high lethality rates in ferrets distinguished the highly virulent 2004 H5N1 viruses from the 1997 H5N1 viruses. A pair of viruses isolated from the same patient differed by eight amino acids, including a Lys/Glu disparity at 627 of PB2, previously identified as an H5N1 virulence factor in mice. The virus possessing Glu at 627 of PB2 exhibited only a modest decrease in virulence in mice and was highly virulent in ferrets, indicating that for this virus pair, the K627E PB2 difference did not have a prevailing effect on virulence in mice or ferrets. Our results demonstrate the general equivalence of mouse and ferret models for assessment of the virulence of 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses. However, the apparent enhancement of virulence of these viruses in humans in 2004 was better reflected in the ferret. PMID:16140756

Stereo Pair, Patagonia, Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-06-22

This view of northern Patagonia, at Los Menucos, Argentina shows remnants of relatively young volcanoes built upon an eroded plain of much older and contorted volcanic, granitic, and sedimentary rocks.

[Alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy in Argentina: prevalence and risk factors].

PubMed

López, Mariana B; Filippetti, Vanessa Arán; Cremonte, Mariana

2015-05-01

Describe alcohol consumption by Argentine women before and during pregnancy and identify the factors associated with consumption- and pregnancy-related changes. Cross-sectional observational study. Women were interviewed after giving birth and receiving care at two perinatal health care centers in Santa Fe, Argentina. Sociodemographic information, data on their alcohol use, and other information were obtained from the participants. A descriptive analysis of consumption prevalence rates was made and the factors associated with patterns of alcohol use were identified by means of repeated measure analysis. Of the 614 participants, 75.2% had had at least one alcoholic drink (standard unit) during pregnancy and 83.3% had done so in the previous year; 15.1% admitted having at least one episode of binge drinking (five or more drinks) during pregnancy and 27.6% in the year prior to pregnancy. Only 30.6% of the women said they had made any change in consumption during the previous year; of those, 55.6% reduced their consumption and 41.8% stopped drinking. Women who consumed the most alcohol before and during pregnancy reported higher consumption by their partners, smoked, and had more permissive attitudes about alcohol use during pregnancy. A specific prevention plan is required in Argentina to reduce alcohol use in pregnant women, adjusted to local patterns of use, with interventions that include couples, and focused on the youngest women, those who use tobacco, and those who have more permissive attitudes about alcohol use.

Energetics and kinetics of the prebiotic synthesis of simple organic acids and amino acids with the FeS-H2S/FeS2 redox couple as reductant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schoonen, M. A.; Xu, Y.; Bebie, J.

1999-01-01

The thermodynamics of the FeS-H2S/FeS2 redox couple and a select number of reactions critical to the synthesis of simple carboxylic acids and amino acids have been evaluated as a function of temperature. This thermodynamic evaluation shows that the reducing power of the FeS-H2S/FeS2 redox couple decreases drastically with temperature. By contrast the equilibria describing the reduction of CO2 and the formation of simple carboxylic acids and amino acids require an increasingly higher reducing power with temperature. Given these two opposite trends, the thermodynamic driving force for CO2 reduction and amino acid formation with the FeS-H2S/FeS2 redox couple as reductant diminishes with increasing temperature. An evaluation of the mechanism of CO2 reduction by the FeS-H2S/FeS2 couple suggests that the electron transfer from pyrrhotite to CO2 is hindered by a high activation energy, even though the overall reaction is thermodynamically favorable. By comparison the electron transfer from pyrrhotite to either CS2, CO, or HCOOH are far more facile. This theoretical analysis explains the results of experimental work by Keefe et al. (1995), Heinen and Lauwers (1996) and Huber and Wachtershauser (1997). The implication is that a reaction sequence involving the reduction of CO2 with the FeS-H2S/FeS2 couple as reductant is unlikely to initiate a proposed prebiotic carbon fixation cycle (Wachtershauser, 1988b; 1990b, 1990a, 1992, 1993).

Habitat use by Swainson's Hawks on their austral winter grounds in Argentina

USGS Publications Warehouse

Canavelli, Sonia B.; Bechard, Marc J.; Woodbridge, B.; Kochert, Michael N.; Maceda, Juan J.; Zaccagnini, Maria E.

2003-01-01

We examined the use of agricultural habitats by Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni)in La Pampa and Santa Fe provinces, Argentina. We found an association of foraging Swainson's Hawks with permanent pastures such as fallow, natural, and alfalfa fields. The hawks also used plowed fields for sunning, resting, and preening. Fields planted with annual crops and pastures were used very little, except when they were cut for hay, plowed, and harvested, or when low crop height and cover allowed the hawks to land in fields. The availability of abundant, yet widely-spaced and transient food-sources, such as insect outbreaks, appeared to be the principal factor influencing habitat use by the hawks. Their reliance on agricultural habitats makes Swainson's Hawks highly vulnerable to pesticide contamination and has contributed to the occurrence of significant mortality events on their wintering grounds.

Litigation in Argentina: challenging the tobacco industry.

PubMed

Flores, M L; Barnoya, J; Mejia, R; Alderete, E; Pérez-Stable, E J

2006-04-01

To evaluate the processes and outcomes of tobacco litigation in Argentina and to analyse the strategies of the tobacco industry to oppose litigation using tobacco industry documents. A systematic search of tobacco industry documents on the internet dating from 1978 to 2002. Law library searches using Argentinean official and unofficial reports systems were combined with computerised online searches. There have been at least 15 failed litigation cases in Argentina and the tobacco industry presented a concerted defence in every claim regardless of cost. We categorised 11 cases as product liability and nicotine addiction, two as health care reimbursement, and two as criminal law and secondhand smoke. Industry strategies included hiring legal consultants from prestigious international and Argentinean law firms and developing litigation prevention programmes. Industry monitored legal academic meetings, controlled the development of new product liability legislation, obtained favourable opinions from experts, and closely observed the development of litigation in Argentina. The strategies used by the industry have been successful in preventing recovery for tobacco injuries through litigation. Argentinean health advocates and lawyers need to be aware of the roles and strategies of the tobacco industry in order to develop effective litigation in Argentina.

20 years of mass balances on the Piloto glacier, Las Cuevas river basin, Mendoza, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leiva, J. C.; Cabrera, G. A.; Lenzano, L. E.

2007-10-01

Climatic changes of the 20th century have altered the water cycle in the Andean basins of central Argentina. The most visible change is seen in the mountain glaciers, with loss of part of their mass due to decreasing thickness and a substantial recession in the last 100 years. This paper briefly describes the results of glacier mass balance research since 1979 in the Piloto Glacier at the Cajón del Rubio, in the headwaters of Las Cuevas River, presenting new results for the period 1997-2003. Very large interannual variability of net annual specific balance is evident, due largely to variations in winter snow accumulation, with a maximum net annual value of + 151 cm w.e. and a minimum value of - 230 cm w.e. Wet El Niño years are normally associated with positive net annual balances, while dry La Niña years generally result in negative balances. Within the 24-year period, 67% of the years show negative net annual specific balances, with a cumulative mass balance loss of - 10.50 m water equivalent (w.e.). Except for exceptions normally related to El Niño events, a general decreasing trend of winter snow accumulation is evident in the record, particularly after 1992, which has a strong effect in the overall negative mass balance values. The glacier contribution to Las Cuevas River runoff is analysed based on the Punta de Vacas River gauge station for a hypothetical year without snow precipitation (YWSP), when the snowmelt component is zero. Extremely dry years similar to a YWSP have occurred in 1968-1969, 1969-1970 and 1996-1997. The Punta de Vacas gauge station is located 62 km downstream from Piloto Glacier, and the basin contains 3.0% of uncovered glacier ice and 3.7% of debris-covered ice. The total glacier contribution to Las Cuevas River discharge is calculated as 82 ± 8% during extremely dry years. If glacier wastage continues at the present trend as observed during the last 2 decades, it will severely affect the water resources in the arid central Andes of

Chemical and electronic studies of CoFeB / MgO / CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Read, J.; Cha, J.; Huang, P.; Egelhoff, W.; Muller, D.; Buhrman, R.

2008-03-01

MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), particularly the CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB system, exhibit large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) which makes them viable for MRAM [1] and sensor applications. Careful engineering of the MgO tunnel barriers, CoFeB electrodes, and their interfaces is essential for optimizing device performance [2,3], which motivates investigation of the chemical and electronic properties of high quality MTJs. We correlate scanning tunneling (STS), x-ray photoelectron (XPS) [4], and electron energy loss (EELS) [5] spectroscopies with current-in-plane tunneling (CIPT) measurements to gain insight on the electronic structure and chemistry of MgO MTJ structures. The measurements reveal that quite high TMR (>200%) can be obtained when there is substantial boron in the tunnel barrier, showing that proper doping of the MgO layer plays a significant role in the performance of such MTJs. We will discuss the impact of materials properties upon transport measurements and provide suggestions for greater control over MTJ device characteristics. [1] Parkin, Nat. Mater. 3, 862 (2004). [2] Nagamine, APL 89, 162507 (2006). [3] Lee, APL 90, 212507 (2007). [4] Read, APL 90, 132503 (2007). [5] Cha, APL 91, 062516 (2007).

Prospect for Development of Open Access in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miguel, Sandra; Bongiovani, Paola C.; Gomez, Nancy D.; Bueno-de-la-Fuente, Gema

2013-01-01

This perspective article presents an overview of the Open Access movement in Argentina, from a global and regional (Latin American) context. The article describes the evolution and current state of initiatives by examining two principal approaches to Open Access in Argentina: "golden" and "green roads". The article will then…

Characterisation of the antiferromagnetic transition of Cu2FeSnS4, the synthetic analogue of stannite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caneschi, A.; Cipriani, C.; di Benedetto, F.; Sessoli, R.

2003-04-01

Magnetisation measurements between 260 and 1.9K were performed on the synthetic analogue of stannite, Cu_2FeSnS_4, tetragonal Ioverline{4}2m. Fe(II) ions, in the high spin S=2 configuration for tetrahedral coordination, are responsible for the high temperature paramagnetism. In agreement with Bernardini et al. (2000), an antiferromagnetic transition was observed, lowering temperature below 8K. Refined measurements evidenced a T_N=6.1K for the Néel temperature. In spite of a small difference, observed in the behaviour between the zero-field cooled and the field cooled curves, which suggests the possible presence of a spin-glass phase, the AC measurements did not provide evidence of dependence of the magnetic susceptibility on frequency, as expected in spin-glass systems. On the basis of the experimental data, in agreement with the existent literature (Fries et al., 1997), a collinear antiferromagnetic structure should be preferred. The Fe ions, in fact, are distributed in two sublattices obtained by magnetic differentiation of the symmetry equivalent (0,0,0) and (frac{1}{2}frac{1}{2}frac{1}{2}) Fe positions (wyckoff: 2a). The low value for the Nèel temperature, as compared e.g. to the room-temperature antiferromagnet chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2), very close in composition and structure to stannite, is to be related to the increased distance between the Fe ions (˜6.6Å). This weak interaction is not detected in natural samples, where diamagnetic Zn(II) replace paramagnetic Fe(II), thus increasing the mean Fe-Fe distance. Fries, T., Shapira, Y., Palacio, F., Moròn, M.C., McIntyre, G.J., Kershaw, R., Wold, A. and McNiff, E.J. Jr. (1997): Mangetic ordering of the antiferromagnet Cu_2MnSnS_4 from magnetisation and neutron-scattering measurements. Phys. Rev. B, 6(9), 5424-5431 Bernardini, G.P., Borrini, D., Caneschi, A. Di Benedetto, F., Gatteschi, D., Ristori, S. and Romanelli, M. (2000): EPR and SQUID magnetometry study of Cu_2FeSnS_4 (stannite) and Cu_2ZnSnS_4 (kesterite

Probing the Hydrogen Sublattice of FeHx with High-Pressure Neutron Diffraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murphy, C. A.; Guthrie, M.; Boehler, R.; Somayazulu, M.; Fei, Y.; Molaison, J.; dos Santos, A. M.

2013-12-01

will present the details of our DAC preparations and results of our in-situ structural refinements of dhcp-FeHx up to ~50 GPa. Together with previous investigations of the thermoelastic and electronic properties of FeHx [2; 6], we will discuss implications for the composition of Earth's iron-rich core. References: 1. N. Hirao et al. (2004), Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06616, doi:10.1029/2003GL019380. 2. W.L. Mao et al. (2004), Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L15618, doi:10.1029/2004GL020541. 3. V.E. Antonov et al. (2002), J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 14, 6427-6445, doi:10.1088/0953-8984/14/25/311. 4. M. Guthrie et al. (2013), ACA Transactions, 44, in press. 5. R. Boehler et al. (2013), High Press. Res., in press, doi:10.1080/08957959.2013.823197. 6. Y. Shibazaki et al. (2012), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 313-314, 79-85, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.002.

Recent Additions for 1997

EPA Science Inventory

December 15, 1997

Minutes of the Stakeholder Meetings on the Report of the JSA Shrimp Virus Work Group

November 21, 1997

Nuclear safeguards in Brazil and Argentina: 25 years of ABACC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kassenova, Togzhan

2017-11-01

As possessors of advanced nuclear technology, Brazil and Argentina bear special responsibility for helping the international community and neighbors in their region feel confident that their nuclear programs are peaceful, secure, and safe. Over the past 25 years, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) has played an indispensable role in strengthening such confidence by implementing nuclear safeguards in the two countries. Today, ABACC carries out safeguards inspections at a total of 76 nuclear facilities in Brazil and Argentina. This article describes how Brazil and Argentina view trends in the global nonproliferation regime and international nuclear safeguards, and explains how these trends relate to unique challenges and opportunities facing Brazil, Argentina, and ABACC.

International Reports on Literacy Research: Argentina, Mexico, France

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malloy, Jacquelynn A., Comp.; Mallozzi, Christine, Comp.

2007-01-01

This is a compilation of reports on international literacy research. The report includes 3 separate reports on Argentina, Mexico, and France. In the first report, Melina Porto reports on a new implementation of a teacher-education program currently underway in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, under the leadership of teacher-researcher…

Radiological and hyperfine characterization of soils from the Northeastern region of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montes, M. L.; Mercader, R. C.; Taylor, M. A.; Runco, J.; Imbellone, P.; Rivas, P. C.; Desimoni, J.

2011-11-01

The activity concentrations of both natural (238U and 232Th chains and 40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides down along the soil profile have been determined in soil samples collected from inland and coastal areas of the La Plata River, located in the Northeastern region of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. These studies were complemented with 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy characterization, pH, texture and organic carbon content measurements. From Mössbauer results, the sample compositions differ from one area to the other. Spectra from both soil samples are dominated by the Fe3+ paramagnetic signal. For soil samples from the coastal area, the α-Fe2O3 contribution is lower, Fe3O4 was not detected, and the relative areas of each spectral contribution are nearly constant with depth. For samples from the inland area, the Fe3+ paramagnetic fraction increases up to 82%, mainly at the expense of the magnetically ordered phase. The main observed activity originates from the decay of 40K (540-750 Bq/kg), followed by 238U (60-92 Bq/kg) and 232Th (37-46 Bq/kg) chains. The activity of 235U was in all the cases lower than the detection limit (LD = 0.02 Bq/kg). The only determined anthropogenic nuclide was 137Cs, arising from the fallout of the Southern Hemisphere nuclear weapon tests. Three of the observed differences in the depth distributions can be described by the dispersion-convection model. A correlation between the natural nuclide activities and the Mössbauer relative fractions was found, whereas no correlation was found between the 137Cs profile and the relative fraction of Fe3O4 or with other iron species.

The Increasing Use of Theory in Social Gerontology: 1990–2004

PubMed Central

Putney, Norella M.; Rice, Melissa; Bengtson, Vern L.

2010-01-01

Objectives. To determine how often theory is used in published research in social gerontology, compare theory use over a 10-year period (1990–1994 to 2000–2004), and identify the theories most frequently used in social gerontology research. Methods. Systematic review of articles published in eight leading journals from 2000 to 2004 (N = 1,046) and comparison with a review conducted 10 years earlier. Results. Theory was mentioned in 39% of articles published from 2000 to 2004, representing a 12% increase in the use of theory over 10 years. This increase was driven by theories outside the core sociology of aging theories identified by Bengtson, V. L., Burgess, E. O., and Parrott, T. M. (1997). Theory, explanation, and a third generation of theoretical development in social gerontology. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 52B, S72–S88. The five most frequently used theories included the life course perspective, life-span developmental theories, role theory, exchange theory, and person–environment theory/ecological theories of aging. Commonly used models included stress process/stress and coping models, successful aging models, the Andersen behavioral model of health services use, models of control/self-efficacy/mastery, and disablement process models. Discussion. Theory use in social gerontology increased between 1990 and 2004, with a shift toward theories that cross disciplines. However, the majority of research in social gerontology continues to be atheoretical. Models are widely used as a supplement to or substitute for theory. Many of these models are currently being debated and elaborated, and over time, they may emerge as important theoretical contributions to social gerontology. PMID:20675614

Litigation in Argentina: challenging the tobacco industry

PubMed Central

Flores, M L; Barnoya, J; Mejia, R; Alderete, E; Pérez‐Stable, E J

2006-01-01

Objective To evaluate the processes and outcomes of tobacco litigation in Argentina and to analyse the strategies of the tobacco industry to oppose litigation using tobacco industry documents. Methods A systematic search of tobacco industry documents on the internet dating from 1978 to 2002. Law library searches using Argentinean official and unofficial reports systems were combined with computerised online searches. Results There have been at least 15 failed litigation cases in Argentina and the tobacco industry presented a concerted defence in every claim regardless of cost. We categorised 11 cases as product liability and nicotine addiction, two as health care reimbursement, and two as criminal law and secondhand smoke. Industry strategies included hiring legal consultants from prestigious international and Argentinean law firms and developing litigation prevention programmes. Industry monitored legal academic meetings, controlled the development of new product liability legislation, obtained favourable opinions from experts, and closely observed the development of litigation in Argentina. Conclusion The strategies used by the industry have been successful in preventing recovery for tobacco injuries through litigation. Argentinean health advocates and lawyers need to be aware of the roles and strategies of the tobacco industry in order to develop effective litigation in Argentina. PMID:16565455

Distribution and abundance of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie, 1997-2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krieger, K.A.; Bur, M.T.; Ciborowski, J.J.H.; Barton, D.R.; Schloesser, D.W.

2007-01-01

Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia limbata and H. rigida) recolonized sediments of the western basin of Lake Erie in the 1990s following decades of pollution abatement. We predicted that Hexageniawould also disperse eastward or expand from existing localized populations and colonize large regions of the other basins. We sampled zoobenthos in parts of the western and central basins yearly from 1997–2005, along the north shore of the eastern basin in 2001–2002, and throughout the lake in 2004. In the island area of the western basin, Hexagenia was present at densities ≤1,278 nymphs/m2and exhibited higher densities in odd years than even years. By contrast, Hexagenia became more widespread in the central basin from 1997–2000 at densities ≤48 nymphs/m2 but was mostly absent from 2001–2005. Nymphs were found along an eastern basin transect at densities ≤382/m2 in 2001 and 2002. During the 2004 lake-wide survey, Hexagenia was found at 63 of 89 stations situated throughout the western basin (≤1,636 nymphs/m2, mean = 195 nymphs/m2, SE = 32, N = 89) but at only 7 of 112 central basin stations, all near the western edge of the basin (≤708 nymphs/m2), and was not found in the eastern basin. Hexagenia was found at 2 of 62 stations (≤91 nymphs/m2) in harbors, marinas, and tributaries along the south shore of the central basin in 2005. Oxygen depletion at the sediment-water interface and cool temperatures in the hypolimnion are probably the primary factors preventing successful establishment throughout much of the central basin. Hexagenia can be a useful indicator of lake quality where its distribution and abundance are limited by anthropogenic causes.

Fe-dominated samarskite - a new member of the samarskite 'group'?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nicolescu, S.; Davis, F. E.; Cornell, D.; Eckert, J., Jr.; Bojar, H.; Walter, F.; Luzik, E.

2013-12-01

Davis and Nicolescu (2011) alluded to the fact that Fe-dominated samarskite from the pegmatite at the Spinelli prospect in Glastonbury, CT is a potential new member of the samarskite mineral 'group'. Further work on untreated material from the same occurrence confirms Fe dominance at the A site, and based on 29 microprobe and four LA-ICP-MS analyses the following empirical formula is obtained: (Fe3+0.384[Y0.239Dy0.026Gd0.018Sm0.012Nd0.007Er0.006Tb0.005Yb0.005Ho0.003Ce0.003Pr0.001Tm0.001]Σ0.326U0.090Mn0.052Th0.047Ti0.033Ca0.009Pb0.006Mg0.003Al0.003Si0.001Sc0.001)0.956(Nb0.814Ta0.149Sn0.026W0.019)1.007O4. The corresponding simplified formula is (Fe3+,Y,U,REE)(Nb,Ta)O4. Due to its UO2 and ThO2 content (9.12 and 4.67 wt. %, respectively) and age of ~ 260 Ma, Spinelli prospect samarskite is completely metamict. Literature data (Simmons et al., 2006 and references therein) suggest that annealing metamict samarskite in a slightly reducing atmosphere of 95 % Ar - 5 % H2 for 12 hrs. at 1100° C will result in recrystallized samarskite. Repeated experiments conducted on powdered Spinelli prospect material under these conditions, at gas flow rates of 100 cm3/min. and 200 cm3/min., resulted in sintered material composed of an ill-defined mixture of fergusonite, columbite, possible samarskite and an unidentified phase. Moreover, in each of the 1100° C annealing experiments a black radioactive sublimate was deposited at the cold end of the annealing apparatus, suggesting significant changes in the chemistry of the annealed material. Annealing the powdered metamict phase for 21 hrs. at 650° C (Tomašić et al., 2004) in a 95 % Ar - 5 % H2 atmosphere at a flow rate of 100 cm3/min. resulted in a mineral phase yielding broad X-ray diffraction peaks, especially at elevated diffraction angles. Because of the broad diffraction peaks and one ambiguous peak impossible to index, attempts to calculate the unit cell parameters of the annealed phase were unsuccessful for either monoclinic

Update on women in physics in Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brudny, Vera; Lagorio, Cecilia; Frechero, Marisa; Tamarit, Francisco

2013-03-01

Data collected 10 years ago in Argentina concluded that women in physics were underrepresented in many instances and that a "crystal ceiling" was firmly in place. We have collected updated data for several indicators and compared them with those obtained 10 years ago. Although there is not a clear conclusion to be drawn from this comparison, we try to explain the results within the framework of the changes in scientific policies in Argentina.

Combinations of Earth Orientation Measurements: SPACE2004, COMB2004, and POLE2004

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gross, Richard R.

2005-01-01

Independent Earth orientation measurements taken by the space-geodetic techniques of lunar and satellite laser ranging, very long baseline interferometry, and the global positioning system have been combined using a Kalman filter. The resulting combined Earth orientation series, SPACE2004, consists of values and uncertainties for Universal Time, polar motion, and their rates that span from September 28, 1976, to January 22, 2005, at daily intervals and is available in versions whose epochs are given at either midnight or noon. The space-geodetic measurements used to generate SPACE2004 have then been combined with optical astrometric measurements to form two additional combined Earth orientation series: (1) COMB2004, consisting of values and uncertainties for Universal Time, polar motion, and their rates that span from January 20, 1962, to January 22, 2005, at daily intervals and which is also available in versions whose epochs are given at either midnight or noon, and (2) POLE2004, consisting of values and uncertainties for polar motion and its rate that span from January 20, 1900, to January 20, 2005, at 30.4375-day intervals.

Explaining Ethnic Disparities in Preterm Birth in Argentina and Ecuador

PubMed Central

Wehby, George L.; Pawluk, Mariela; Nyarko, Kwame A.; López-Camelo, Jorge S.

2017-01-01

Background Little is understood about racial/ethnic disparities in infant health in South America. We quantified the extent to which the disparity in preterm birth rate (PTB; < 37 gestational weeks) between infants of Native only ancestry and those of European only ancestry in Argentina and Ecuador are explained by household socioeconomic, demographic, healthcare use, and geographic location indicators. Methods The samples included 5199 infants born between 2000 and 2011 from Argentina and 1579 infants born between 2001 and 2011 from Ecuador. An Oaxaca-Blinder type decomposition model adapted to binary outcomes was estimated to explain the disparity in PTB risk across groups of variables and specific variables. Results Maternal use of prenatal care services significantly explained the PTB disparity, by nearly 57% and 30% in Argentina and Ecuador, respectively. Household socioeconomic status explained an additional 26% of the PTB disparity in Argentina. Conclusions Differences in maternal use of prenatal care may partly explain ethnic disparities in PTB in Argentina and Ecuador. Improving access to prenatal care may reduce ethnic disparities in PTB risk in these countries. PMID:27875924

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a... 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. The SIP revision also meets the requirements of Clean Air...

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a...

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a... 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. The SIP revision also meets the requirements of Clean Air...

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a... 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. The SIP revision also meets the requirements of Clean Air...

Tobacco industry successfully prevented tobacco control legislation in Argentina

PubMed Central

Sebrie, E; Barnoya, J; Perez-Stable, E; Glantz, S

2005-01-01

Objective: To evaluate how transnational tobacco companies, working through their local affiliates, influenced tobacco control policymaking in Argentina between 1966 and 2005. Methods: Analysis of internal tobacco industry documents, local newspapers and magazines, internet resources, bills from the Argentinean National Congress Library, and interviews with key individuals in Argentina. Results: Transnational tobacco companies (Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Lorillard, and RJ Reynolds International) have been actively influencing public health policymaking in Argentina since the early 1970s. As in other countries, in 1977 the tobacco industry created a weak voluntary self regulating code to avoid strong legislated restrictions on advertising. In addition to direct lobbying by the tobacco companies, these efforts involved use of third party allies, public relations campaigns, and scientific and medical consultants. During the 1980s and 1990s efforts to pass comprehensive tobacco control legislation intensified, but the organised tobacco industry prevented its enactment. There has been no national activity to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke. Conclusions: The tobacco industry, working through its local subsidiaries, has subverted meaningful tobacco control legislation in Argentina using the same strategies as in the USA and other countries. As a result, tobacco control in Argentina remains governed by a national law that is weak and restricted in its scope. PMID:16183967

Argentina set for privatization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chynoweth, E.

Buyers are lining up for Argentina's two big state-controlled petrochemical groups, Buenos Aires-based Petroquimica General Mosconi (PGM) and Petroquimica Bahia Blance (PBB). However, feedstock supply contracts with government-owned oil group Yacientos Petroliferos Fiscales (YPG) and gas group Gas del Estado hold the key to both sales. Shell Compania Argentina Petroleo SA (CAPSA), Perez Companc, and Global Petroleum have already bought PGM tender documentation. Shell says it will bid for PGM if the feedstock contract with YPF is acceptable. In addition to price and volume, Shell says the length is critical; it wants a 15-year deal, but would settle for 11.more » YPF initially sought a five-year contract. PGM, which produces 300,000 m.t./year of aromatics, plus oxo alcohols, methanol, and methyl tert-butyl ether, has sales of $150 million/year.« less

Toxicity assessment in marine sediment for the Terra Nova environmental effects monitoring program (1997-2010)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whiteway, Sandra A.; Paine, Michael D.; Wells, Trudy A.; DeBlois, Elisabeth M.; Kilgour, Bruce W.; Tracy, Ellen; Crowley, Roger D.; Williams, Urban P.; Janes, G. Gregory

2014-12-01

This paper discusses toxicity test results on sediments from the Terra Nova offshore oil development. The Terra Nova Field is located on the Grand Banks approximately 350 km southeast of Newfoundland (Canada). The amphipod (Rhepoxynius abronius) survival and solid phase luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri, or Microtox) assays were conducted on sediment samples collected from approximately 50 stations per program year around Terra Nova during baseline (1997), prior to drilling, and in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 after drilling began. The frequency of toxic responses in the amphipod toxicity test was low. Of the ten stations that were toxic in environmental effects monitoring (EEM) years, only one (station 30(FE)) was toxic in more than one year and could be directly attributed to Terra Nova project activities. In contrast, 65 (18%) of 364 EEM samples were toxic to Microtox. Microtox toxicity in EEM years was not related to distance from Terra Nova drill centres or concentrations of >C10-C21 hydrocarbons or barium, the primary constituents of the synthetic-based drill muds used at Terra Nova. Of the variables tested, fines and strontium levels showed the strongest (positive) correlations with toxicity. Neither fines nor strontium levels were affected by drill cuttings discharge at Terra Nova, except at station 30(FE) (and that station was not toxic to Microtox). Benthic macro-invertebrate abundance, richness and diversity were greater in toxic than in non-toxic sediments. Therefore, Microtox responses indicating toxicity were associated with positive biological responses in the field. This result may have been an indirect function of the increased abundance of most invertebrate taxa in less sandy sediments with higher gravel content, where fines and strontium levels and, consequently, toxicity to Microtox were high; or chemical substances released by biodegradation of organic matter, where invertebrates are abundant, may be toxic to Microtox. Given

Educational Technology in Argentina.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ronchi, Robert

1980-01-01

This description of the status of educational technology and trends in the development of the field in Argentina is based on article documents, reports, and a survey of projects operating in that country. Sixteen references are listed. (Author/CHC)

New Polymorph of Fe3O4 Stable at Core-Mantle Boundary Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greenberg, E.; Prakapenka, V. B.

2017-12-01

Magnetite Fe3O4 (and its high-pressure polymorphs) is one of the most studied iron bearing minerals. One reason for the interest in magnetite is that it contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+, which is especially important for understanding the physical and chemical properties of Earth's deep interior. Early studies on magnetite debated the nature of the structural phase transition at 35 GPa [1-4]. This high-pressure structure was shown to be of the CaTi2O4-type [5], but with Fe3+ occupying multiple sites. Furthermore, at pressures above 65 GPa a second structural transition to a Pmma space group was shown to take place [5], similar to that in Fe3-xTixO4 solid solution [6]. Other studies have focused on the P-T stability of Fe3O4. Early studies by Lazor et al. [7] predicted that Fe3O4 might disproportionate into FeO and h-Fe2O3 at 50 GPa. Other studies suggested that the high-pressure phase should be stable up to 100 GPa [3]. A more recent experimental study by Ricolleau and Fei [8] revealed that Fe3O4 is stable at least up to 103 GPa. Thus far, structural studies of Fe3O4 have been limited to pressures below 105 GPa. We have studied Fe3O4 up to pressures of 175 GPa and temperatures above 4000K, using diamond anvil cells in combination with synchrotron x-ray diffraction and an online pulsed laser-heating system to study the stability of Fe3O4 at relevant pressure-temperature conditions. Our results show that Fe3O4 is stable up to at least 176 GPa and 4200 K. We have discovered a new polymorph of Fe3O4 at these high P-T conditions. This new phase is stable in the pressure range of at least 100Fe3O4, EOS, structure and its properties across lower mantle - core conditions will be discussed in terms of impact on composition and evolution of Earth's deep interior. [1] Fei et al. American Mineralogist 84, 203 (1999). [2] Haavik et al. American Mineralogist 85, 514 (2000). [3] Dubrovinsky et al. Journal of

Announcing the Venus Transit 2004 (VT-2004) Programme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2004-02-01

Rare Celestial Event to be Observed by Millions Summary On June 8, 2004, Venus - the Earth's sister planet - will pass in front of the Sun. This event, a 'transit', is extremely rare - the last one occurred in 1882, 122 years ago. Easily observable in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia, it is likely to attract the attention of millions of people on these continents and, indeed, all over the world. On this important occasion, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) has joined forces with the European Association for Astronomy Education (EAAE), the Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides (IMCCE) and the Observatoire de Paris in France, as well as the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic to establish the Venus Transit 2004 (VT-2004) public education programme. It is supported by the European Commission in the framework of the European Science and Technology Week and takes advantage of this extraordinary celestial event to expose the public - in a well-considered, interactive and exciting way - to a number of fundamental issues at the crucial interface between society and basic science. VT-2004 has several components, including an instructive and comprehensive website (www.vt-2004.org). It is directed towards the wide public in general and the media, school students and their teachers, as well as amateur astronomers in particular. It invites all interested persons to participate actively in the intercontinental VT-2004 Observing Campaign (that reenacts historical Venus Transit observations) and the VT-2004 Video Contest. During the VT-2004 Final Event in November, the winners of the Video Contest will be chosen by an international jury. This meeting will also serve to discuss the project and its impact. The outcome of this rare celestial event and the overall experience from this unique public education project will clearly be of very wide interest, not just in the field of astronomy.

Geochemistry of seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids at EPR 9°50'N: Time series data from 2004-2016

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scheuermann, P.; Pester, N. J.; Tutolo, B. M.; Simmons, S. F.; Seyfried, W. E., Jr.

2017-12-01

Hydrothermal fluids were collected from vent sites along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9°50'N in 2004, 2008 and 2016 in isobaric gas-tight titanium samplers. These dates bracket the seafloor eruption that occurred at EPR 9°50'N between 2005 and 2006. The reported data focus on P vent and Bio9, as these vents were active during all three sampling periods. The concentration of aqueous volatiles reached maxima at both vents in 2008. At P vent, CO2, H2, and H2S were 124 mM/kg, 0.55 mM/kg and 12.2 mM/kg, respectively. The concentrations at Bio9 in 2008 were, 106 mM/kg CO2, 1.1 mM/kg H2, and 12.6 mM/kg H2S. Fe and Mn concentrations were the highest at both vent sites in 2004, and then decreased in 2008 and again in 2016. The range at P vent was 1.5-6.3 mM/kg Fe and 315-1212 uM/kg Mn, while at Bio9 the concentrations were 1.6-3.7 mM/kg Fe and 301-650 uM/kg Mn. The trends in CO2, H2, and H2S at P vent (2008 and 2016) and Bio9 (all years) are consistent with changes in subsurface pressure and temperature as a result of the eruption that alter the conditions at which dissolved components partition between vapor and liquid phases in the NaCl-H2O system. The trend in Fe and Mn concentrations is surprising and highlights the complex partitioning behavior of these elements in systems in which the concentrations are controlled by fluid-mineral equilibria as well as phase separation. Between 2004 and 2008, fluids at P vent transitioned from single-phase (535 mM/kg Cl) to a low-density vapor (370 mM/kg). Upon phase separation, the concentrations of H2S and H2 increased, while Fe and Mn concentrations decreased considerably. These changes highlight the importance of phase separation on controlling mass transfer from the crust to overlying ocean. In contrast to the other aqueous volatiles, CH4 concentrations in 2008 (47 µM) were lower or equal to concentrations in 2004 or 2016, 50-100 µM. CH4 is decoupled from the effects of phase separation, and is likely extracted from fluid

The Beagle Channel Dispute between Argentina and Chile: An Historical Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-22

DTICr--1’ ’-’CTE~l THETSIS APPROVAL. TITLE OF THESIS: The Beagle Channel Dispute Between Argentina and Chile : An istorical Analysis " AME OF...85, subject: Security Review of Student Papers. 1. The enclosed thesis entitled "The Beagle Channel Dispute Between Argentina and Chile : An Historical...Title of Thesis: The Beagle Channel Dispute Between Argentina and Chile : An Historical Analysis David Robert Struthers, Master of Science in Strategic

78 FR 48145 - Lemon Juice From Argentina: Continuation of Suspended Antidumping Duty Investigation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-818] Lemon Juice From Argentina... investigation on lemon juice from Argentina would likely lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping, and... suspended antidumping duty investigation on lemon juice from Argentina (``suspended investigation...

Occurrence of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in flat oysters Ostrea puelchana farmed in San Antonio Bay (Argentina).

PubMed

Kroeck, Marina A; Montes, Jaime

2005-02-28

Culture of native flat oysters Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny in San Antonio Bay (San Matías Gulf, Argentina) began in 1995. After elevated mortality (33%) occurred in September 1996, 18 mo after immersion, histopathological analysis and evaluation of parasitic prevalence was carried out. In October 1997, after 31 mo of cultivation, cumulative mortality was 80%, and in December of the same year, when individuals reached marketable size, mortality was 95% and culture was discontinued. The present study describes the haemocytic parasitism that affected O. puelchana, and suggests that a Bonamia sp. was the etiological agent. This parasite should be considered as a different species from Bonamia sp. detected in Australia and New Zealand until more studies are made to determine the correct taxonomy. This work constitutes the first record of this haemocyte parasite in flat oysters from the Argentinean coast.

78 FR 46610 - Lemon Juice From Argentina and Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... Argentina and Mexico Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five-year reviews... determines that termination of the suspended antidumping duty investigation on lemon juice from Mexico would...), entitled Lemon Juice from Argentina and Mexico: Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1105-1106 (Review). By order of...

78 FR 47006 - Lemon Juice From Argentina and Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-02

... Argentina and Mexico Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five-year reviews... determines that termination of the suspended antidumping duty investigation on lemon juice from Mexico would...), entitled Lemon Juice from Argentina and Mexico: Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1105-1106 (Review). By order of...

77 FR 4763 - Honey From Argentina: Notice of Initiation of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812] Honey From Argentina: Notice... Argentina. See Notice of Antidumping Duty Order: Honey From Argentina, 66 FR 63672 (December 10, 2001...: Background On December 10, 2001, the Department published the antidumping duty order on honey from Argentina...

75 FR 23674 - Honey from Argentina: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review and Determination...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-04

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration A-357-812 Honey from Argentina: Final... review of the antidumping duty order on honey from Argentina. See Honey from Argentina: Preliminary... preliminary results of the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on honey from Argentina for the...

Life cycle assessment of corn-based ethanol production in Argentina.

PubMed

Pieragostini, Carla; Aguirre, Pío; Mussati, Miguel C

2014-02-15

The promotion of biofuels as energy for transportation in the world is mainly driven by the perspective of oil depletion, the concerns about energy security and global warming. In Argentina, the legislation has imposed the use of biofuels in blend with fossil fuels (5 to 10%) in the transport sector. The aim of this paper is to assess the environmental impact of corn-based ethanol production in the province of Santa Fe in Argentina based on the life cycle assessment methodology. The studied system includes from raw materials production to anhydrous ethanol production using dry milling technology. The system is divided into two subsystems: agricultural system and refinery system. The treatment of stillage is considered as well as the use of co-products (distiller's dried grains with solubles), but the use and/or application of the produced biofuel is not analyzed: a cradle-to-gate analysis is presented. As functional unit, 1MJ of anhydrous ethanol at biorefinery is chosen. Two life cycle impact assessment methods are selected to perform the study: Eco-indicator 99 and ReCiPe. SimaPro is the life cycle assessment software used. The influence of the perspectives on the model is analyzed by sensitivity analysis for both methods. The two selected methods identify the same relevant processes. The use of fertilizers and resources, seeds production, harvesting process, corn drying, and phosphorus fertilizers and acetamide-anillide-compounds production are the most relevant processes in agricultural system. For refinery system, corn production, supplied heat and burned natural gas result in the higher contributions. The use of distiller's dried grains with solubles has an important positive environmental impact. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fe Isotope Fractionation During Fe(III) Reduction to Fe(II)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, E. A.; Greene, S.; Hardin, E. E.; Hodierne, C. E.; Rosenberg, A.; John, S.

2014-12-01

The redox chemistry of Fe(III) and Fe(II) is tied to a variety of earth processes, including biological, chemical, or photochemical reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Each process may fractionate Fe isotopes, but the magnitudes of the kinetic isotope effects have not been greatly explored in laboratory conditions. Here, we present the isotopic fractionation of Fe during reduction experiments under a variety of experimental conditions including photochemical reduction of Fe(III) bound to EDTA or glucaric acid, and chemical reduction of Fe-EDTA by sodium dithionite, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, Mn(II), and ascorbic acid. A variety of temperatures and pHs were tested. In all experiments, Fe(III) bound to an organic ligand was reduced in the presence of ferrozine. Ferrozine binds with Fe(II), forming a purple complex which allows us to measure the extent of reaction. The absorbance of the experimental solutions was measured over time to determine the Fe(II)-ferrozine concentration and thus the reduction rate. After about 5% of the Fe(III) was reduced, Fe(III)-EDTA and Fe(II)-ferrozine were separated using a C-18 column to which Fe(II)-ferrozine binds. The Fe(II) was eluted and purified through anion exchange chromatography for analysis of δ56Fe by MC-ICPMS. Preliminary results show that temperature and pH both affect reduction rate. All chemical reductants tested reduce Fe(III) at a greater rate as temperature increases. The photochemical reductant EDTA reduces Fe(III) at a greater rate under more acidic conditions. Comparison of the two photochemical reductants shows that glucaric acid reduces Fe(III) significantly faster than EDTA. For chemical reduction, the magnitude of isotopic fractionation depends on the reductant used. Temperature and pH also affect the isotopic fractionation of Fe. Experiments using chemical reductants show that an increase in temperature at low temperatures produces lighter 56Fe ratios, while at high temperatures some reductants produce heavier

Magmatic conditions and processes in the storage zone of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens dacite: Chapter 31 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rutherford, Malcom J.; Devine, Joseph D.; Sherrod, David R.; Scott, William E.; Stauffer, Peter H.

2008-01-01

O2 values of NNO +1 log unit. Magnetite compositions suggest that the 2004-6 magma was formed by mingling of magmas less than 5-8 weeks before eruption and that the magma last equilibrated within this temperature range. The amphibole phenocryst zoning involves approximately equal amounts of a pressure-sensitive Al-Tschermak molecular substitution and a temperature-sensitive edenite substitution in one cycle of growth. Hydrothermal experiments done on the natural dacite show that crystallization of the Fe- and Al-rich amphibole end member requires pressures of 200-300 MPa at temperatures of 900°C, conditions approaching the upper temperature limit of amphibole stability. The dacitic magma crystallizes the An68 plagioclase when the pressure drops to 200 MPa at 900°C. The magma must cool at this depth to produce a complete An68-An40 plagioclase zone and a Mg-rich layer on the amphiboles before the magma is cycled back to a high pressure, when a new layer of Fe-rich amphibole is acquired. The amphibole crystallizing in the dacite experiments at less than 200 MPa is lower in aluminum than any compositions in the natural cyclically zoned phenocrysts. The outer rim on some 2004-6 amphibole phenocrysts appears to have formed in the 100-200 MPa range, as do some phenocrysts in the May 1980 dacite pumice. Plagioclase rims of An35 in the 2004-6 magmas indicate that phenocryst growth continued until the pressure decreased to 130 MPa and that ascent was slow until this depth. Magma then entered the conduit for a relatively rapid ascent to the surface as indicated by the very thin (less than 5 μm) decompression-induced rims on the amphibole phenocrysts.

A current view of oncology in Argentina

PubMed Central

Huñis, Adrián Pablo

2016-01-01

Since 2010, with the creation of the National Cancer Institute, the Argentine Republic has been tackling the battle against cancer as a genuine public health problem. Today in Argentina, there is a “cancer policy” whose pillars are prevention, education, assistance, and research. In this article, we provide information about the incidence and mortality of the tumours most common in adults and children, and details of some epidemiological aspects and advances Argentina has achieved in the battle against cancer in the past decade. PMID:26913073

Pro-Market Educational Governance: Is Argentina a Black Swan?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beech, Jason; Barrenechea, Ignacio

2011-01-01

In this article we explore ways in which pro-market discourses have been interpreted in policy initiatives in Argentina since the 1970s. Our argument is that even though pro-market discourses have guided reforms in many aspects of public policies in Argentina, the arena of education has overall been resistant to taking them up. The first part of…

A short history of the beginnings of hospital information systems in Argentina.

PubMed

Yácubsohn, V

2012-01-01

To describe the development of early health information systems in Argentina and their impact on the development of professional societies in the discipline The first hospital information systems and health surveillance systems in Argentina are described and related to the rise of professional organizations for health informatics. The early health information systems in Argentina are related to precursor developments in medical informatics. Argentina saw a number of hospital information systems developed starting in 1977, which had an important influence on the practice and experience in medical informatics in the country, and the participation of Argentine professionals in national, regional, and international activities in the field.

The Abundances of the Fe Group Elements in Three Early B Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peters, G. J.; Adelman, S. J.

2005-12-01

The photospheric abundances of V, Cr, and Fe have been determined for three sharp-lined early B stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud using FUV spectra obtained from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and the Kurucz LTE model atmosphere/spectrum synthesis codes ATLAS9/SYNTHE. The program stars include NGC1818/D1, NGC2004/B15, and NGC2004/B30 (star designations are from Robertson 1974, A&AS, 15, 261). The calculations were carried through with model parameters close to those adopted by Korn et al. (2000, A&A, 353, 655). Values of Teff, log g, ξ T, and v sin I are 25000/4.0/0/30, 20000/3.1/6/25, and 23500/3.3/14/30 for NGC1818/D1, NGC2004/B15, and NGC2004/B30, respectively. The abundances quoted below are in sequence for the latter stars. The vanadium abundances, [V/H], determined from V III λ λ 1150,1152 (UV 2), are -0.6, -0.9, and -0.9 dex. Cr was determined from Cr III λ λ 1118,1136. Values of -0.5, -0.8, and -0.7 dex were found. Uncertainties in the V and Cr abundances are ˜0.3 dex. The Fe abundance is primarily from 7 lines of Fe III (UV 1) in the region λ λ 1122-32. Values are -0.8±0.3, ˜-1.1, and -0.4±0.3. Since there is no evidence for N enhancement in the program stars ([N/H] ˜ -0.9, -1.0, and -0.6 from the N III doublet at 1183,1184 Å) the photospheric abundances have probably not been altered by mixing of processed material from the star's interior and the derived abundances represent pristine values for the two young clusters in the LMC. It should be noted that the N and Fe abundances derived for NGC1818/D1 are about 0.5 dex lower than those determined by Korn et al. from much weaker optical lines. We will discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy. The generally low abundances for the Fe group elements in these young cluster B stars imply that supernova activity has been minimal in the regions of the LMC in which the stars were formed. GJP appreciates support from NASA grant NAG5-13212.

Effects of Fe-Enrichment on the Equation of State and Stability of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Perovskite and Post-Perovskite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorfman, S. M.; Holl, C. M.; Meng, Y.; Prakapenka, V.; Duffy, T. S.

2010-12-01

Fe-enrichment in the deep lower mantle has been proposed as an explanation for seismic anomalies such as large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) and ultralow velocity zones (ULVZs). In order to resolve the effect of Fe on the stability and equation of state of the lower mantle’s dominant constituent, (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite, we have studied Fe-rich natural orthopyroxenes, (Mg0.61Fe0.37Ca0.02)SiO3 and (Mg0.25Fe0.70Ca0.05)SiO3 (compositions determined by microprobe analysis), at lower mantle P-T conditions. Pyroxene starting materials were mixed with Au (pressure calibrant and laser absorber) and loaded with NaCl or Ne (pressure medium and thermal insulator) in a symmetric diamond anvil cell. X-ray diffraction experiments at pressures up to 122 GPa with in-situ laser heating were performed at the GSECARS (13-ID-D) and HPCAT (16-ID-B) sectors of the Advanced Photon Source. Heating samples to 2000 K produced single-phase orthorhombic GdFeO3-type perovskite at 63 GPa for the Mg# 61 composition and at 72 GPa for the Mg# 25 composition. At lower pressures (56 GPa for Mg# 61, 67 GPa for Mg# 25), heating both compositions resulted in a mixture of perovskite, SiO2 and (Mg,Fe)O. These measurements provide new constraints on the dependence of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite stability on pressure and composition. Upon further compression to 93 GPa and higher pressures with laser heating, Mg# 25 perovskite transformed to a two-phase mixture of perovskite and post-perovskite. This is consistent with previous findings that Fe substitution destabilizes (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite relative to (Mg,Fe)SiO3 post-perovskite (Mao et al. 2004, Caracas and Cohen 2005). The bulk modulus at 80 GPa (K80) is ~550 GPa for both Fe-rich perovskites, comparable to values measured for MgSiO3 perovskite (Lundin et al. 2008). However, the volume of Fe-rich perovskites increases linearly with Fe-content. The (Mg0.25Fe0.70Ca0.05)SiO3 perovskite is 3% greater at 80 GPa than V80 for the Mg end

Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Acquisition Date: February 28, 1985 The Sierra de Velasco Mountains dominate this image in northern Argentina. The Catamarca province is in the northern part of the image, and the La Rioja province is to the south. The streams are fed by runoff from the snow in the Andes Mountains to the north. These intermittent streams can dry up rapidly. The larger urban area near the bottom of the image is La Rioja, the capital of the province of La Rioja. Credit: NASA/GSFC/Landsat/USGS To learn more about Landsat and to see the orginal high res file go to: landsat.usgs.gov/gallery_view.php?category=greenflag&...

Mathematics Education in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Varsavsky, Cristina; Anaya, Marta

2009-01-01

This article gives an overview of the state of mathematics education in Argentina across all levels, in the regional and world contexts. Statistics are drawn from Mercosur and UNESCO data bases, World Education Indicators and various national time-series government reports. Mathematics results in national testing programmes, Programme for…

Adsorption and desorption of glyphosate in Mollisols and Ultisols soils of Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomez Ortiz, Ana Maria; Okada, Elena; Costa, Jose Luis; Bedmar, Francisco

2017-04-01

Glyphosate is the most used pesticide in Argentina. About 200 million liters of its commercial product are annually applied, representing nearly 60% of the total amount of the commercialized pesticides. This massive use is attributed to the widespread adoption of no-till management combined with genetically modified crops that are glyphosate resistant (e.g. soybean, maize, cotton). In this way, the use of glyphosate has created great concern regarding the potential negative impacts it may have in the environment. The adsorption-desorption process of glyphosate was studied in three Argentinean soils (two Mollisols and one Ultisol) with contrasting properties: organic carbon (1.3-3.4%), clay (14.7-78.5%), pH (5.4-6.3), P Bray (7.6-29.6 mg/kg), total Fe (0.81-8.4%), and Al3+ (0.11-0.69 meq/100 g). Glyphosate adsorption isotherms were modeled using the Freundlich equation to estimate the adsorption coefficient (Kf). In general, glyphosate adsorption was high and the Kf values varied from 115.6 to 1612 (R2 = 0.94-0.99). The main factors controlling adsorption were clay content, total Fe, Al3+, P Bray and soil pH. Decreased hysteresis desorption was found in one of the Mollisols soils with the lowest contents of Al3+, Fe, and clay, as well as high pH and P Bray. In that soil, 12.2% of glyphosate was desorbed after three washing steps indicating a higher potential environmental risk. Results of this study contribute to the knowledge about glyphosate retention in soils and allows the identification of behavior patterns of this extensively applied herbicide in different edaphic scenarios. This is of major importance for the development of decision making tools and criteria to reduce the potential negative impacts on soil and groundwater resources.

Wasmannia Forel(Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Argentina: systematics and distribution

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The ant genus Wasmannia is endemic to the Neotropics, with 10 species occurring within the presumptive native range for the genus from Mexico to Argentina. Only the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata is widely distributed being present from central-eastern Argentina to Bermuda, and has become i...

1997 Economic Census : transportation : 1997 Commodity Flow Survey : exports

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

The Commodity Flow Survey comprises one section of the 1997 Economic Census. The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the Nation's economy. It provides essential information for government, business, ind...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Idaho

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Alaska

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Georgia

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Delaware

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Connecticut

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Iowa

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Alabama

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Illinois

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Indiana

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Florida

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Hawaii

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Arkansas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Colorado

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Arizona

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : California

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

Gifted Education in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irueste, Paula

2017-01-01

In this article, we review the advancement of gifted education in Argentina which has been scarce and discontinuous, particularly, in the public sphere. About the primary conception of giftedness and/or talent, we mention the obsolete struggle between those who only consider a high intellectual coefficient (IQ) versus a more comprehensive…

Career Placement and Graduate Transfer Report, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Community Coll. of Rhode Island, Warwick.

This report provides data on career and transfer outcomes of 1997 graduates from the Community College of Rhode Island (CCRI). A brief preface explains that surveys were distributed to 1,551 graduates from 1997, with a total response rate of 84.8 percent (n=1,315). Results from the survey indicate that, with small exception, 1997 graduates are…

Educational Decentralization Policies in Argentina and Brazil: Exploring the New Trends.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Derqui, Jorge M. Gorostiaga

2001-01-01

Analyzes educational decentralization trends and policies in Argentina and Brazil during 1990s, includes case studies. Discusses historical background and rationales behind "provinicialization" in Argentina and "municipalization" in Brazil; identifies commonalities, including centralization of curriculum and evaluation…

Alcohol use disorders and antiretroviral therapy among prisoners in Argentina

PubMed Central

Alpert, Michael; Wickersham, Jeffrey A.; Vázquez, Mariana; Altice, Frederick L.

2013-01-01

Purpose While Argentina has significantly improved access to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for both the general population and prisoners, the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among HIV-infected prisoners and their relationship to accessing ART in Argentina is currently unknown. This study aims to characterize the substance abuse patterns of HIV-infected prisoners in Argentina and to assess the independent correlates of receipt of pre-incarceration ART. Design/methodology/approach An anonymous, cross-sectional survey of 100 HIV-infected federal prisoners was conducted in the Buenos Aires municipality from July–December 2010. AUDs were assessed using the AUDIT scale. Findings A majority (63 per cent) of participants met criteria for AUDs, 45 per cent of subjects were diagnosed with HIV in prison and one-quarter had initiated ART during the current incarceration. In addition, over one-third (35 per cent) of participants did not receive ART during the pre-incarceration period despite receiving it upon incarceration. This correlated significantly with the presence of having an AUD (AOR 0.20, 95 per cent CI 0.06–0.74, p = 0.016). Practical implications AUDs are prevalent among HIV-infected prisoners in Argentina and are significantly related to negative secondary HIV prevention and treatment outcomes. While Argentina has provided an exemplary model of HIV-related health care reform within its prisons, future efforts to provide screening and treatment for AUDs are needed to improve the health of the nation’s incarcerated population. Originality/value This paper is the first to describe pre-incarceration drug and alcohol use disorders and issues related to access to ART among prisoners in Argentina. PMID:24772187

Argentina's YPF hones in on privatization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This paper reports on Argentina's push to privatize and attract more foreign investment to its petroleum sector which continues to gather momentum. The Argentine government plans by year end 1992 to sell unprofitable assets of Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales, then sell as much as 50% of the state oil company through an international stock offering. If privatization proceeds as expected, YPF Pres. Jose Estenssoro the, the company's stock will be offered to private investors early in 1993. The company was founded in 1922. By March 1992, Argentina also will begin selling all assets of state owned Gas del Estado (GDE) throughmore » an international bidding process expected to take about 18 months.« less

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Missouri

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Oregon

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Oklahoma

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Maine

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Montana

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Vermont

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Minnesota

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Kansas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Nebraska

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Massachusetts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Wyoming

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Utah

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Tennessee

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Mississippi

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Wisconsin

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Michigan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Texas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Nevada

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Pennsylvania

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Ohio

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Kentucky

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Louisiana

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Washington

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

High δ56Fe values in Samoan basalts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konter, J. G.; Pietruszka, A. J.; Hanan, B. B.; Finlayson, V.

2014-12-01

Fe isotope fractionation spans ~0-0.4 permil in igneous systems, which cannot all be attributed to variable source compositions since peridotites barely overlap these compositions. Other processes may fractionate Fe isotopes such as variations in the degree of partial melting, magmatic differentiation, fluid addition related to the final stages of melt evolution, and kinetic fractionation related to diffusion. An important observation in igneous systems is the trend of increasing Fe isotope values against an index of magmatic fractionation (e.g. SiO2; [1]). The data strongly curve from δ56Fe >0.3 permil for SiO2 >70 wt% down to values around 0.09 permil from ~65 wt% down to 40 wt% SiO2 of basalts. However, ocean island basalts (OIBs) have a slightly larger δ56Fe variability than mid ocean ridge basalts (MORBs; [e.g. 2]). We present Fe isotope data on samples from the Samoan Islands (OIB) that have unusually high δ56Fe values for their SiO2 content. We rule out alteration by using fresh samples, and further test for the effects of magmatic processes on the δ56Fe values. In order to model the largest possible fractionation, unusually small degrees of melting with extreme fractionation factors are modeled with fractional crystallization of olivine alone, but such processing fails to fractionate the Fe isotopes to the observed values. Moreover, Samoan lavas likely also fractionated clinopyroxene, and its lower fractionation factor would limit the final δ56Fe value of the melt. We therefore suggest the mantle source of Samoan lavas must have had unusually high δ56Fe. However, there is no clear correlation with the highly radiogenic isotope signatures that reflect the unique source compositions of Samoa. Instead, increasing melt extraction correlates with lower δ56Fe values in peridotites assumed to be driven by the preference for the melt phase by heavy Fe3+, while high values may be related to metasomatism [3]. The latter would be in line with metasomatized

Changing Teacher Preparation in Art Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henry, Carole; Lazzari, Mary

2007-01-01

Within art education, Day (1997) and others (for example; Beudert, 2006; Galbraith, 2001; Galbraith & Grauer, 2004; Hutchens, 1997; Sabol, 2004; Thurber, 2004; Zimmerman, 1997, 2004) have called for increased research into teacher preparation in order to understand current practice, to recognize what is working well, and to determine directions…

View of Argentina-Paraguay border area of South America

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-30

SL3-33-167 (July-September 1973) --- A vertical view of the Argentina-Paraguay border area of South America as photographed from Earth orbit by one of the six lenses of the Itek-furnished S190-A Multispectral Photographic Facility Experiment aboard the Skylab space station. This picture was taken with type 2443 infrared color film. The Parana River flows from east to west across the picture. This part of the Rio Parana is located between the towns of Posadas, Argentina, and Resistencia, Argentina. The major body of water in the large swamp area is Laguna Ibera. Note the several fires burning in this area. The largest land mass (Argentina) is south of the river. Paraguay is north of the river. Isla Apipe Grande is near the center of the photograph. The S190-A experiment is part of the Skylab Earth Resources Experiments Package. Federal agencies participating with NASA on the EREP project are the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Interior, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Corps of Engineers. All EREP photography is available to the public through the Department of Interior?s Earth Resources Observations Systems Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57198. Photo credit: NASA

The Influence of Positivism in the Nineteenth Century Astronomy in Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santilli, Haydée; Cornejo, Jorge Norberto

2013-06-01

In this paper we analyze the influence of positivism in Argentina astronomical culture in the nineteenth century. We did the analysis from two dimensions, scientific knowledge development and science teaching. Because Argentina was a very young country at that time, it was of singular importance, not only the development of scientific knowledge itself, but also the training of human resources for the transfer of such knowledge. In this regard, the influence of astronomy, in its role of modernizing discipline related to positivist ideal, was particularly noticeable in the training of teachers of primary schools. Domingo F. Sarmiento represents a turning point for the astronomy development in Argentina; his thought was strongly influenced by the Comtean positivism. Sarmiento believed that Copernican astronomy was one of the critical scientific disciplines to the formation of a "modern" citizen. Astronomy in Argentina was influenced by two epistemological streams: French and German positivism; however the first one was the most important. We shall show the relevant influence of the socio-historical context over the scientific development. We shall also see that science was a fundamental social actor in Argentina history.

77 FR 45334 - Honey From Argentina: Preliminary Rescission of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-31

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812] Honey From Argentina... antidumping duty order on honey from Argentina for the period of December 1, 2010, through November 30, 2011... on honey from Argentina was published on December 10, 2001.\\1\\ On January 3, 2012, the Department...

77 FR 65670 - Honey From Argentina: Final Rescission of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-30

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812] Honey From Argentina: Final... order on honey from Argentina for the period of December 1, 2010, through November 30, 2011.\\1\\ We...\\ See Honey from Argentina: Preliminary Rescission of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review, 77 FR 45334...

English Teaching in Argentina.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arazi, Blanca

2002-01-01

Examines the teaching of English in Argentina, a country that has had a myriad of English language teaching activities at all levels for many decades--mostly in British English. Looks at English in binational centers, in schools, and at the university level; methodological approach; language assessment; teacher training; and the current economic…

A Peculiar New Pampatheriidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Pleistocene of Argentina and Comments on Pampatheriidae Diversity

PubMed Central

Scillato-Yané, Gustavo Juan; Soibelzon, Esteban

2015-01-01

Pampatheriidae are a group of cingulates native to South American that are known from the middle Miocene to the lower Holocene. Two genera have been recognized between the lower Pleistocene and the lower Holocene: Pampatherium Gervais and Ameghino (Ensenadan, Bonaerian and Lujanian, lower Pleistocene–lower Holocene) and Holmesina Simpson (Blancan, Irvingtonian, upper Pliocene–lower Holocene). They have been mainly differentiated by their osteoderm morphology and cranio-dental characters. These taxa had a wide latitudinal distribution, extending from the southern part of South America (Península Valdés, Argentina) to North America (Florida, USA). In this contribution, we describe a new genus and species of Pampatheriidae for the lower and middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province and for the upper Pleistocene of Santa Fe Province (Argentina).The new taxon is represented by disarticulated osteoderms, one skull element, two thoracic vertebrae and a right femur and patella. It has extremely complex osteoderm ornamentations and particular morphological characters of the cranial element and femur that are not found in any other species of the family. This new taxon, recorded in the lower–middle Pleistocene (Ensenadan Stage/Age) and in the upper Pleistocene–early Holocene (Lujanian Stage/Age), is incorporated to the Pleistocene mammal assemblage of South America. Finally, the Pampatheriidae diversity is greater during the Lujanian Stage/Age than the Ensenadan Stage/Age. PMID:26083486

Intercultural Citizenship Education in an EFL Online Project in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porto, Melina

2014-01-01

In this article, I describe an online intercultural citizenship experience in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom in Argentina. An action research project on the Malvinas/Falklands war fought between Argentina and the UK in 1982 was carried out in 2012. Through a comparative methodology involving Argentine and English foreign language…

World Perspective Case Descriptions on Educational Programs for Adults: Argentina.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hernandez, Isabel

This document consists of two case studies of adult education in Argentina: (1) Adult Education--Governmental and Nongovernmental Action in Latin America and (2) Education and the Elderly Population in Argentina. Each study begins with a "face sheet" on which is recorded basic information about the entity studied and the case study…

76 FR 80870 - Notice of Determination of Pest-Free Areas in Mendoza Province, Argentina

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... ;D=APHIS-2010-0032. The first commenter acknowledged Argentina's history of successful Medfly control...] Notice of Determination of Pest-Free Areas in Mendoza Province, Argentina AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health... Southern and Central Oases in the southern half of Mendoza Province in Argentina as pest-free areas for...

Ferromagnetic resonance investigation in as-prepared NiFe/FeMn/NiFe trilayer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yuan, S. J.; Xu, K.; Yu, L. M.

2007-06-01

NiFe/FeMn/NiFe trilayer prepared by dc magnetron sputtering was systematically investigated by ferromagnetic resonance technique (FMR) at room temperature. For NiFe/FeMn/NiFe trilayer, there are two distinct resonance peaks both in in-plane and out-of-plane FMR spectra, which are attributed to the two NiFe layers, respectively. The isotropic in-plane resonance field shift is negative for the bottom NiFe layer, while positive for the top NiFe layer. And, such phenomena result from the negative interfacial perpendicular anisotropy at the bottom NiFe/FeMn interface and positive interfacial perpendicular anisotropy at the top FeMn/NiFe interface. The linewidth of the bottom NiFe layer is larger than that ofmore » the top NiFe layer, which might be related to the greater exchange coupling at the bottom NiFe/FeMn interface.« less

Discourses and Policies on Educational Quality in Argentina, 1990-2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorostiaga, Jorge M.; Ferreira, Adrian

2012-01-01

This article analyses the relationships between different notions of education quality and policies on primary and secondary schools implemented in Argentina during the last two decades. The authors focus on three moments: (1) the emergence of the discussion about quality (at the end of the 1980s) in Latin America and in Argentina; (2) the…

Argentina: Social Sectors in Crisis. A World Bank Country Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

World Bank, Washington, DC.

Based on the findings of a two month visit to Argentina by a World Bank Mission in November/December of 1988, this report summarizes current economic, education, and social policies in Argentina. The four major areas targeted are the social sectors, education, health care, and housing. The analysis identifies critical problems in the organization…

Water Supply at Los Alamos during 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

M. N. Maes; S. G. McLin; W. D. Purtymun

1998-12-01

Production of potable municipal water supplies during 1997 totaled about 1,285.9 million gallons from wells in the Guaje, Pajarito, and Otowi well fields. There was no water used from the spring gallery in Water Canyon or from Guaje Reservoir during 1997. About 2.4 million gallons of water from Los Alamos Reservoir was used to irrigate public parks and recreational lands. The total water usage in 1997 was about 1,288.3 million gallons, or about 135 gallons per day per person living in Los Alamos County. Groundwater pumpage was down about 82.2 million gallons in 1997 compared with the pumpage in 1996.more » Four new replacement wells were drilled and cased in Guaje Canyon between October 1997 and March 1998. These wells are currently being developed and aquifer tests are being performed. A special report summarizing the geological, geophysical, and well construction logs will be issued in the near future for these new wells.« less

77 FR 28570 - Honey From Argentina: Extension of Time Limit for the Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-15

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812] Honey From Argentina... administrative review for the 2009-2010 period of review (POR) of honey from Argentina. See Honey From Argentina... producers/exporters of honey from Argentina during the POR.\\1\\ \\1\\ See Preliminary Results for a detailed...

Private Education: Funding and (De)regulation in Argentina. Occasional Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morduchowicz, Alejandro

The importance of private schools in Argentina is in contrast with the little attention they have been given in research on the country's education system. This paper has two aims: (1) to provide a brief summary of the outstanding milestones of educational privatization in Argentina; and (2) to review some of the most significant features of the…

Chytridiomycosis in two species of Telmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Argentina.

PubMed

Barrionuevo, Sebastián; Mangione, Susana

2006-12-14

Dead specimens of Telmatobius atacamensis and T. pisanoi were found in 2 localities in northwestern Argentina. The diagnosis was positive for chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Zoosporangia were identified in different stages: immature, mature with zoospores, empty and collapsed. This is the second report of chytridiomycosis in Argentina but the first one involving highly endangered species.

[FeFe]- and [NiFe]-hydrogenase diversity, mechanism, and maturation.

PubMed

Peters, John W; Schut, Gerrit J; Boyd, Eric S; Mulder, David W; Shepard, Eric M; Broderick, Joan B; King, Paul W; Adams, Michael W W

2015-06-01

The [FeFe]- and [NiFe]-hydrogenases catalyze the formal interconversion between hydrogen and protons and electrons, possess characteristic non-protein ligands at their catalytic sites and thus share common mechanistic features. Despite the similarities between these two types of hydrogenases, they clearly have distinct evolutionary origins and likely emerged from different selective pressures. [FeFe]-hydrogenases are widely distributed in fermentative anaerobic microorganisms and likely evolved under selective pressure to couple hydrogen production to the recycling of electron carriers that accumulate during anaerobic metabolism. In contrast, many [NiFe]-hydrogenases catalyze hydrogen oxidation as part of energy metabolism and were likely key enzymes in early life and arguably represent the predecessors of modern respiratory metabolism. Although the reversible combination of protons and electrons to generate hydrogen gas is the simplest of chemical reactions, the [FeFe]- and [NiFe]-hydrogenases have distinct mechanisms and differ in the fundamental chemistry associated with proton transfer and control of electron flow that also help to define catalytic bias. A unifying feature of these enzymes is that hydrogen activation itself has been restricted to one solution involving diatomic ligands (carbon monoxide and cyanide) bound to an Fe ion. On the other hand, and quite remarkably, the biosynthetic mechanisms to produce these ligands are exclusive to each type of enzyme. Furthermore, these mechanisms represent two independent solutions to the formation of complex bioinorganic active sites for catalyzing the simplest of chemical reactions, reversible hydrogen oxidation. As such, the [FeFe]- and [NiFe]-hydrogenases are arguably the most profound case of convergent evolution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fe/S proteins: Analysis, structure, function, biogenesis and diseases. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gender, age, social disadvantage and quitting smoking in Argentina and Uruguay.

PubMed

Niedzin, Mirosław; Gaszyńska, Ewelina; Krakowiak, Jan; Saran, Tomasz; Szatko, Franciszek; Kaleta, Dorota

2018-03-14

Cessation of tobacco use has the potential to provide the greatest immediate benefits for tobacco control. Understanding the social determinants of smoking cessation is an essential requirement for increasing smoking cessation at the population level. The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-economic dimensions associated with cessation success among adults in Argentina and Uruguay. Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), a cross-sectional, population-based, nationally representative survey conducted in Argentina (n=5,383) and Uruguay (n=4,833) was utilized. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses with results being presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were applied to study differences among those respondents who sustained smoking abstinence (≥1 year) and those who continued smoking. The GATS study revealed that social gradients in tobacco quitting exist in Argentina and Uruguay. Being aged 25-34, particularly men in Uruguay, women in Argentina, low educated men in Argentina and having a lower asset index were associated with reduced odds for quitting. Factors that are driving differences in smoking cessation between diverse social groups in Latin America countries need to be considered when implementing relevant interventions to ensure tobacco control strategies work effectively for all population segments.

Three-dimensional magnetotelluric imaging of the 1997 Kagoshima earthquake doublet, Southwest Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asamori, K.; Makuuchi, A.; Umeda, K.

2013-12-01

The 1997 Kagoshima earthquake doublet struck on unrecognized active faults lacking clear surface expression where very few large earthquakes have occurred. Two shallow moderate earthquakes occurred in the northwestern part of Kagoshima province, on March 26 (Mw 6.1) and May 13 (Mw 6.0) in 1997, both followed by intensive aftershock sequences. Aftershock distribution of the 1997 earthquake doublet reflects complicated rupture process attributed to the geological (rheological) conditions and coupling of hydraulic pressure as well as tectonic shear stress. For advanced understanding of dynamic interactions between fluids and faulting, it is imperative to obtain three-dimensional (3-D) images of the electrical resistivity structure around the seismogenic faults. In this study, we conduct magnetotelluric (MT) soundings in and around the source region of the 1997 Kagoshima earthquake sequence and perform a 3-D inversion of wideband MT data above a depth of 30 km. MT stations were deployed around the aftershock area of the 1997 Kagoshima earthquake. All of 42 MT sites were set up in the land area. The data were collected using five component (three magnetic and two telluric components) wide-band MT instruments (Phoenix MTU-5 system) in February, 2013. The data were acquired in the frequency range from 0.000343 to 320 Hz. The recording duration ranged from 2 to 8 days. As the cultural noises severely affect the measurements, the time series analysis focused on the nocturnal data when there were fewer noise. A simultaneous remote reference measurement was carried out at the Sawauchi site (1300 km northeast of the study area). Using the remote reference technique (Gamble et al., 1979), we were able to reduce the unfavorable cultural noises. The observed apparent resistivity and phase data were inverted simultaneously using the 3-D inversion code of Sasaki (2004). In this inversion, the 3-D blocks were set up in the crust and upper mantle. These block size in the horizontal

Trends in Benthic macroinvertebrate community Biomass and Energy Budgets in Lake Sevan, 1928-2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stapanian, Martin A.; Jenderedjian, K.; Hakobyan, S.

2012-01-01

Water levels of Lake Sevan (Armenia) were artificially lowered by nearly 20 m between 1949 and 1997. Lowered water levels, combined with increased eutrophication, were associated with seasonally anoxic conditions (lasting 1–4 months) near the bottom of the profundal zone each year during 1976–2004. In addition, the extents of the macrophyte zone and of certain substrate types were severely reduced following drawdown. Maximal depth of occurrence decreased by 2–44 m for at least for 50 species of benthic macroinvertebrates between 1982 and 2004 compared to 1937–1961. Species richness of benthic macroinvertebrates declined from 25 to three species at depths where seasonal anoxia occurred. Total biomass increased by a factor of 10 from the period 1928–1948 to 1976–1979 then declined by a factor of 3 to 4 between 1987 and 2004. Energy flow through detritivores was more than tripled during 1976–2004 compared to 1928–1971, a result of increased plankton primary production. In contrast, energy flow through herbivorous benthic macroinvertebrates decreased by a factor of nearly 5, due to reduced areal coverage of macrophytes. Energy flow through filter feeders did not change over the time period examined, but energy flow through the entire zoobenthos community was nearly tripled. The biomasses of Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and total zoobenthos showed a delayed response to changes in primary production of 7–9, 2, and 2–4 years, respectively. These patterns may provide a basis to predict results of restoration efforts based on the abundance of the zoobenthos in future years as the level of the lake is restored and water quality improves.

Ground surface deformation patterns, magma supply, and magma storage at Okmok volcano, Alaska, from InSAR analysis: 1. Intereruption deformation, 1997–2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lu, Zhong; Dzurisin, Daniel; Biggs, Juliet; Wicks, Charles; McNutt, Steve

2010-01-01

Starting soon after the 1997 eruption at Okmok volcano and continuing until the start of the 2008 eruption, magma accumulated in a storage zone centered ~3.5 km beneath the caldera floor at a rate that varied with time. A Mogi-type point pressure source or finite sphere with a radius of 1 km provides an adequate fit to the deformation field portrayed in time-sequential interferometric synthetic aperture radar images. From the end of the 1997 eruption through summer 2004, magma storage increased by 3.2–4.5 × 107 m3, which corresponds to 75–85% of the magma volume erupted in 1997. Thereafter, the average magma supply rate decreased such that by 10 July 2008, 2 days before the start of the 2008 eruption, magma storage had increased by 3.7–5.2 × 107 m3 or 85–100% of the 1997 eruption volume. We propose that the supply rate decreased in response to the diminishing pressure gradient between the shallow storage zone and a deeper magma source region. Eventually the effects of continuing magma supply and vesiculation of stored magma caused a critical pressure threshold to be exceeded, triggering the 2008 eruption. A similar pattern of initially rapid inflation followed by oscillatory but generally slowing inflation was observed prior to the 1997 eruption. In both cases, withdrawal of magma during the eruptions depressurized the shallow storage zone, causing significant volcano-wide subsidence and initiating a new intereruption deformation cycle.

Argentina: Its Physical-Cultural Backgrounds and Implications for United States Foreign Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vent, Herbert J.

1974-01-01

This article provides a short history of political events in Argentina and a look at the people, geography, and economy of the country in order to consider current relations between Argentina and the United States. (JH)

Thermal Barrier Coating Workshop, 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brindley, William J. (Compiler)

1998-01-01

This document contains papers from the 1997 Thermal Barrier Coatings Workshop, sponsored by the TBC Interagency Coordination Committee. The Workshop was held in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, May 19-21, 1997. The papers cover the topics of heat transfer and conductivity of thermal barrier coatings, failure mechanisms and characterization of the coatings as well as characterization of coating deposition methods. Speakers included research, development and user groups in academia, industry and government.

Regional climate change scenarios applied to viticultural zoning in Mendoza, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cabré, María Fernanda; Quénol, Hervé; Nuñez, Mario

2016-09-01

Due to the importance of the winemaking sector in Mendoza, Argentina, the assessment of future scenarios for viticulture is of foremost relevance. In this context, it is important to understand how temperature increase and precipitation changes will impact on grapes, because of changes in grapevine phenology and suitability wine-growing regions must be understood as an indicator of climate change. The general objective is to classify the suitable areas of viticulture in Argentina for the current and future climate using the MM5 regional climate change simulations. The spatial distribution of annual mean temperature, annual rainfall, and some bioclimatic indices has been analyzed for the present (1970-1989) and future (2080-2099) climate under SRES A2 emission scenario. In general, according to projected average growing season temperature and Winkler index classification, the regional model estimates (i) a reduction of cool areas, (ii) a westward and southward displacement of intermediate and warm suitability areas, and (iii) the arise of new suitability regions (hot and very hot areas) over Argentina. In addition, an increase of annual accumulated precipitation is projected over the center-west of Argentina. Similar pattern of change is modeled for growing season, but with lower intensity. Furthermore, the evaluation of projected seasonal precipitation shows a little precipitation increase over Cuyo and center of Argentina in summer and a little precipitation decrease over Cuyo and northern Patagonia in winter. Results show that Argentina has a great potential for expansion into new suitable vineyard areas by the end of twenty-first century, particularly due to projected displacement to higher latitudes for most present suitability winegrowing regions. Even though main conclusions are based on one global-regional model downscaling, this approach provides valuable information for implementing proper and diverse adaptation measures in the Argentinean viticultural

Regional climate change scenarios applied to viticultural zoning in Mendoza, Argentina.

PubMed

Cabré, María Fernanda; Quénol, Hervé; Nuñez, Mario

2016-09-01

Due to the importance of the winemaking sector in Mendoza, Argentina, the assessment of future scenarios for viticulture is of foremost relevance. In this context, it is important to understand how temperature increase and precipitation changes will impact on grapes, because of changes in grapevine phenology and suitability wine-growing regions must be understood as an indicator of climate change. The general objective is to classify the suitable areas of viticulture in Argentina for the current and future climate using the MM5 regional climate change simulations. The spatial distribution of annual mean temperature, annual rainfall, and some bioclimatic indices has been analyzed for the present (1970-1989) and future (2080-2099) climate under SRES A2 emission scenario. In general, according to projected average growing season temperature and Winkler index classification, the regional model estimates (i) a reduction of cool areas, (ii) a westward and southward displacement of intermediate and warm suitability areas, and (iii) the arise of new suitability regions (hot and very hot areas) over Argentina. In addition, an increase of annual accumulated precipitation is projected over the center-west of Argentina. Similar pattern of change is modeled for growing season, but with lower intensity. Furthermore, the evaluation of projected seasonal precipitation shows a little precipitation increase over Cuyo and center of Argentina in summer and a little precipitation decrease over Cuyo and northern Patagonia in winter. Results show that Argentina has a great potential for expansion into new suitable vineyard areas by the end of twenty-first century, particularly due to projected displacement to higher latitudes for most present suitability winegrowing regions. Even though main conclusions are based on one global-regional model downscaling, this approach provides valuable information for implementing proper and diverse adaptation measures in the Argentinean viticultural

SRTM Anaglyph: Corral de Piedra, Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-26

This anaglyph, from NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, shows the eastern flank of the Andes Mountains, southeast of San Martin de Los Andes, Argentina. 3D glasses are necessary to view this image.

76 FR 5332 - Honey From Argentina: Notice of Initiation of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-31

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812] Honey From Argentina: Notice... received a request for a new shipper review of the antidumping duty order on honey from Argentina. See Notice of Antidumping Duty Order: Honey From Argentina, 66 FR 63672 (December 10, 2001) (Order). In...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : New Hampshire

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Rhode Island

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : New York

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : South Carolina

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : South Dakota

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : North Dakota

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : West Virginia

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : North Carolina

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

Adolescent Health Issues: State Actions 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kendell, Nicole

Many adolescents need basic health care and other services that address risky behaviors such as sexual activity, violence, alcohol and drug abuse, and the consequences of these behaviors. This publication summarizes laws and resolutions on adolescent health issues passed in 1997 state and territory legislative sessions. No 1997 legislative session…

PREFACE: XIX Latin American Symposium on Solid State Physics (SLAFES XIX)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serquis, Adriana; Balseiro, Carlos; Bolcatto, Pablo

2009-07-01

This volume contains selected papers which have been presented at the XIX Latin American Symposium on Solid State Physics (SLAFES XIX) held at Puerto Iguazú, Argentina, from 5--10 October 2008. The conference, covering all areas of Solid State Physics, is one of the most important and traditional meetings in Physics in our region. The Latin American Symposium on Solid State Physics is a forum where researchers and students from Latin America as well as leading scientists from other parts of the world get together to exchange information, strengthen collaborations and identify new challenges in Solid State Physics. This successful series of meetings has been organised in eight different countries, the last three held in Mérida, Venezuela (2002), La Habana, Cuba (2004) and Puebla, México (2006). Following the trends of previous events, SLAFES XIX included seven plenary talks, eighteen invited talks and contributions, and 28 oral and 255 poster presentations, covering mostly the latest experimental and theoretical advances in Nanophysics, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Spintronics, Magnetism, New Materials, Superconductivity, Surfaces and Interfaces, Low-Dimensional Systems, Materials Preparation and Characterization, Theory and Computing Simulations of Materials among other topics. The group of scientists participating had come from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, France, Spain, Switzerland and the USA We are indebted to all participants for their enthusiasm and contributions and to the members of the International Advisory Commitees. We also wish to thank to the rest of the Organizing Committee: Gustavo Lozano, Ana María Llois, Laura Steren and Edith Goldberg and very specially to Javier Schmidt, Gustavo Ruano, Marcelo Romero, Lucila Cristina and Juan Carlos Moreno for their invaluable assistance during the event. Finally we gratefully aknowledge the financial support the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET

[The health system of Argentina].

PubMed

Belló, Mariana; Becerril-Montekio, Victor M

2011-01-01

This paper describes the health system of Argentina.This system has three sectors: public, social security and private.The public sector includes the national and provincial ministries as well as the network of public hospitals and primary health care units which provide care to the poor and uninsured population. This sector is financed with taxes and payments made by social security beneficiaries that use public health care facilities. The social security sector or Obras Sociales (OS) covers all workers of the formal economy and their families. Most OS operate through contracts with private providers and are financed with payroll contributions of employers and employees. Finally, the private sector includes all those private providers offering services to individuals, OS beneficiaries and all those with private health insurance.This sector also includes private insurance agencies called Prepaid Medicine Enterprises, financed mostly through premiums paid by families and/or employers.This paper also discusses some of the recent innovations implemented in Argentina, including the program Remediar.

76 FR 51934 - Determination of Pest-Free Areas in Mendoza Province, Argentina; Request for Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-19

... acknowledged Argentina's history of successful Medfly control efforts, but stated that APHIS should not relax...] Determination of Pest-Free Areas in Mendoza Province, Argentina; Request for Comments AGENCY: Animal and Plant... received a request from the Government of Argentina to recognize additional areas as pest- free areas for...

Argentina spectral-agronomic multitemporal data set

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmer, D.; Kinzler, C.; Tomppkins, M. A.; Badhwar, G. D.

1983-01-01

A multitemporal LANDSAT spectral data set was created. The data set is over five 5 nm-by-6 nm areas over Argentina and contains by field, the spectral data, vegetation type and cloud cover information.

Communicator, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bortolussi, Vicki, Ed.

1997-01-01

The CAG "Communicator" focus is on serving gifted students in California. This document consists of the four issues of "communicator" issued during 1997. Featured articles include: (1) "The Gifted Student At Risk. It Can't Be True" (Judy Roseberry); (2) "Tech Net-Technology and At-Risk Students" (Judy Lieb); (3) "Reviving Ophelia: Saving the…

Offspring, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hockey, Amy, Ed.; Mangigian, Lisa, Ed.; Crombez, Mary Margaret, Ed.

1997-01-01

The two issues of this magazine for parents, teachers, and others involved in cooperative nursery schools are designed to provide a forum for views on dealing with young children, express a variety of ideas, promote to cooperative philosophy, and to enhance the relationships of those involved in cooperative nursery schools. The Spring 1997 issue…

Element fluxes from Copahue Volcano, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varekamp, J. C.

2003-12-01

Copahue volcano in Argentina has an active volcano-magmatic hydrothermal system that emits fluids with pH=0.3 that feed a river system. River flux measurements and analytical data provide element flux data from 1997 to 2003, which includes the eruptive period of July to December 2000. The fluids have up to 6.5 percent sulfate, 1 percent Cl and ppm levels of B, As, Cu, Zn and Pb. The hydrothermal system acts as a perfect scrubber for magmatic gases during the periods of passive degassing, although the dissolved magmatic gases are modified through water rock interaction and mineral precipitation. The magmatic SO2 disproportionates into sulfate and liquid elemental sulfur at about 300 C; the sulfate is discharged with the fluids, whereas the liquid sulfur is temporarily retained in the reservoir but ejected during phreatic and hydrothermal eruptions. The intrusion and chemical attack of new magma in the hydrothermal reservoir in early 2000 was indicated by strongly increased Mg concentrations and Mg fluxes, and higher Mg/Cl and Mg/K values. The hydrothermal discharge has acidified a large glacial lake (0.5 km3) to pH=2 and the lake effluents acidify the exiting river. Even more than 100 km downstream, the effects of acid pulses from the lake are evident from red coated boulders and fish die-offs. The river-bound sulfate fluxes from the system range from 70 to 200 kilotonnes/year. The equivalent SO2 output of the whole volcanic system ranges from 150 to 500 tonnes/day, which includes the fraction of native sulfur that formed inside the mountain but does not include the release of SO2 into the atmosphere during the eruptions. Trace element fluxes of the river will be scaled up and compared with global element fluxes from meteoric river waters (subterranean volcanic weathering versus watershed weathering).

Time trends and factors in body mass index and obesity among children in China: 1997-2011.

PubMed

Wang, H; Xue, H; Du, S; Zhang, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, B

2017-06-01

Research on the shift in children's body mass index (BMI) distribution is limited and conditional mean models used in the previous research have limitations in capturing cross-distribution variations in effects. The objectives are to analyze the shift in Chinese children's BMI distribution and to test the associations between BMI distribution and other factors. We analyzed data collected from children 7 to 17 years old from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011, from 2814 participants with 6799 observations. Longitudinal quantile regression (QR) was used to explore the effect of several factors on BMI trends in 2015. The BMI curves shift to the right in boys and girls, with the distributions becoming wider, indicating a higher proportion of children have become overweight. The 5th, 15th, 50th, 85th and 95th BMI percentile curves all shifted upward from 1997 to 2011, and the higher percentiles had greater increases. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased in boys and girls between 1997 and 2011, from 6.5 to 15.5% in boys and from 4.6 to 10.4% in girls. Energy intake and parents' BMI levels had a positive association with children's BMI. Per capita income was positively associated with changes in BMI only at the upper percentiles of the BMI distributions in boys. Increased physical activity (PA) was associated with decreased BMI in girls. Children in China are becoming increasingly overweight. Energy intake, parental BMI, PA and early menarche age in girls are associated with elevated BMI in children.

1997 Toxic Hazards Research Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-05-01

TYPE AND DATES COVERED I May 1998 Interim Report - October 1996-September 1997 4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 1997 Toxic Hazards Research... 4 3 TRICHLOROETHYLENE (TCE) CARCINOGENICITY PROJECT ......................... 7 3.1 SYNTHESIS AND...EXPERIMENTAL ERROR AND INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY .................. 20 J.Z. Byczkowski and J.C. Lipscomb 4 HALON REPLACEMENT TOXICITY PROJECT

Phenotypic, Molecular and Symbiotic Characterization of the Rhizobial Symbionts of Desmanthus paspalaceus (Lindm.) Burkart That Grow in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina

PubMed Central

Fornasero, Laura Viviana; Del Papa, María Florencia; López, José Luis; Albicoro, Francisco Javier; Zabala, Juan Marcelo; Toniutti, María Antonieta; Pensiero, José Francisco; Lagares, Antonio

2014-01-01

Desmanthus paspalaceus (Lindm.) Burkart belongs to the D. virgatus complex, subfamily Mimosoidae. The known potential as livestock fodder of several of these legumes prompted us to undertake a phenotypic, molecular, and symbiotic characterization of the D. paspalaceus symbionts in the Santa Fe province, Argentina. The rhizobia collected—containing isolates with different abiotic-stress tolerances—showed a remarkable genetic diversity by PCR fingerprinting, with 11 different amplification profiles present among 20 isolates. In selected isolates 16S-rDNA sequencing detected mesorhizobia (60%) and rhizobia (40%) within the collection, in contrast to the genus of the original inoculant strain CB3126—previously isolated from Leucaena leucocephala—that we typified here through its 16S rDNA as Sinorhizobium terangae. The results revealed the establishment by diverse bacterial genera -rhizobia, sinorhizobia, and mesorhizobia- of full N2-fixing symbiotic associations with D. paspalaceus. This diversity was paralleled by the presence of at least two different nodC allelic variants. The identical nodC alleles of the Mesorhizobia sp. 10.L.4.2 and 10.L.5.3 notably failed to group within any of the currently described rhizo-/brady-/azorhizobial nodC clades. Interestingly, the nodC from S. terangae CB3126 clustered close to homologs from common bean nodulating rhizobia, but not with the nodC from S. terangae WSM1721 that nodulates Acacia. No previous data were available on nod-gene phylogeny for Desmanthus symbionts. A field assay indicated that inoculation of D. paspalaceus with the local Rhizobium sp. 10L.11.4 produced higher aerial-plant dry weights compared to S. teranga CB3126–inoculated plants. Neither the mesorhizobia 10.L.4.2 or 10.L.5.3 nor the rhizobium 10L.11.4 induced root nodules in L. leucocephala or P. vulgaris. The results show that some of the local isolates have remarkable tolerances to several abiotic stresses including acidity, salt, and temperature

QUBIC in Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García, B.; Harari, D.; Etchegoyen, A.; Medina, M. C.; Romero, G. E.; Qubic Collaboration

2017-10-01

QUBIC (QU Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) is an experimental cosmology project to measure the modes in the polarization of the cosmic background radiation (CBR), the fossil relic that reveals the properties at the Universe 380,000 years after the Planck Era. Discovery of the CBR in 1964 and measurement of tiny temperature anisotropies in 1992 were major breakthroughs in our understanding of the Universe. The next challenge is to measure the polarization of the CBR accurately enough to detect modes that would reveal the existence of primordial gravitational waves produced in the first stages of the Planck Era and probe inflation theory, that assumes an accelerated expansion during the first seconds. The mode signal is however extremely weak and its measurement requires complex instruments. The QUBIC collaboration has developed the concept of interferometric bolometry, that brings together the sensitivity of bolometric detectors with the control of systematic effects provided by interferometry. QUBIC is an international collaboration involving several universities and laboratories in France, Italy, United Kingdom and USA. Recently, Argentina has suggested Alto Chorrillo (Salta), as candidate site for the installation of the experiment, next to the LLAMA site. Here we describe the scientific objectives and the main features of the experiment and we detail the process through which the international collaboration decided to install in Argentina its first module as well as the challenges for our country in this project.

The Influence of Positivism in the Nineteenth Century Astronomy in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santilli, Haydee; Cornejo, Jorge Norberto

2013-01-01

In this paper we analyze the influence of positivism in Argentina astronomical culture in the nineteenth century. We did the analysis from two dimensions, scientific knowledge development and science teaching. Because Argentina was a very young country at that time, it was of singular importance, not only the development of scientific knowledge…

Comparison of Ab initio Low-Energy Models for LaFePO, LaFeAsO, BaFe2As2, LiFeAs, FeSe, and FeTe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamura, Kazuma; Miyake, Takashi; Arita, Ryotaro; Imada, Masatoshi

2010-03-01

We present effective low-energy models for LaFePO and LaFeAsO (1111 family), BaFe2As2 (122), LiFeAs (111), and FeSe and FeTe (11) [1], based on ab initio downfolding scheme, a constrained random-phase-approximation method combined with maximally localized Wannier functions. Comparison among the effective models, derived for 5 Fe-3d bands, provides a basis for interpreting physics/chemistry; material dependences of electron correlations, a multiband character entangled by the 3d orbitals, and the geometrical frustration depending on hybridizations between iron and pnictogen/chalcogen orbitals. We found that LaFePO in the 1111 family resides in the weak correlation regime, while LaFeAsO and 111/122 compounds are the intermediate region and FeSe and FeTe in the 11 family are located in the strong correlation regime. A principal parameter relevant to the physics is clarified to be the pnictogen/chalcogen height from the iron layer. Implications in low-energy properties including magnetism and superconductivity are discussed. [1] T. Miyake, K. Nakamura, R. Arita, and M. Imada, arXiv:0911.3705.

Argentina; A country profile

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This paper reports that like so many other countries, Argentina is in the throes of privatization and restructuring of its economic programs. This has had a direct effect on the LPG industry. Argentina is a country with many natural resources. However, natural gas and crude, while present, are not in abundance. Imports of these and their associated products are needed to satisfy the growing need of the population from time to time. This is especially true with LPGs. Production of the fuel averages about 1 million tons, not enough to satisfy internal needs in the winter but enough to permitmore » some exports in the summer to nearby Brazil. The Country's Congress approved a plan to sell-off or lease parts of the natural gas distribution network and other businesses of Gas del Estado. Subsequent new legislation has called for ten new natural gas distribution zones. Included in the sell-off is the company's propane distribution division. What is left of Gas del Estado and YPF will become a corporation in the true sense of the word. Stocks in YPF are to be sold to the public.« less

Summing Up the Unique Venus Transit 2004 (VT-2004) Programme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2004-11-01

On June 8, 2004, Venus - the Earth's sister planet - passed in front of the Sun. This rare event - the last one occurred in 1882 - attracted the attention of millions of people all over the world. In a few days' time, on November 5-7, 2004, about 150 educators, media representatives, as well as amateur and professional astronomers will gather in Paris (France) at the international conference "The Venus Transit Experience" to discuss the outcome of the related Venus Transit 2004 (VT-2004) public education programme. This unique project was set up by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), together with the European Association for Astronomy Education (EAAE), the Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides (IMCCE) and the Observatoire de Paris in France, as well as the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. It was also supported by the European Commission in the framework of the European Science and Technology Week, cf. ESO PR 03/04. The VT-2004 programme successfully exposed the broad public to a number of fundamental issues at the crucial interface between society and basic science. It ensured the most comprehensive real-time coverage of the event via an extremely dynamic Central Display that was updated a short intervals. Thanks to the prior establishment of hundreds of mirror sites, the VT-2004 website was easily accessible all through the transit, even though it experienced about 55 million webhits during a period of 8 hours. The VT-2004 programme established a wide international network of individuals (including school teachers and their students, amateur astronomers, interested laypeople, etc.) and educational institutions (astronomical observatories, planetaria, science centres, etc.), as well as 25 National Nodes with their own websites about the Venus Transit in as many local languages. It collected a large number of photos and drawings. It also included an international Video Contest, inviting all

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and prevalence of group B Streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in Misiones, Argentina

PubMed Central

Quiroga, M.; Pegels, E.; Oviedo, P.; Pereyra, E.; Vergara, M.

2008-01-01

This study was performed to determine the susceptibility patterns and the colonization rate of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in a population of pregnant women. From January 2004 to December 2006, vaginal-rectal swabs were obtained from 1105 women attending Dr. Ramón Madariaga Hospital, in Posadas, Misiones, Argentina. The carriage rate of GBS among pregnant women was 7.6%. A total of 62 GBS strains were randomly selected for in vitro susceptibility testing to penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, vancomycin, rifampicin, trimethoprim- sulfametoxazol, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, clindamycin and erythromycin, and determination of resistance phenotypes. No resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, and vancomycin was found. Of the isolates examined 96.8%, 98.3%, 46.8%, and 29.0% were susceptible to rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfametoxazol and tetracycline, respectively. Rank order of susceptibility for the quinolones was: gatifloxacin (98.4%) > levofloxacin (93.5%) > ciprofloxacin (64.5%). The rate of resistance to erythromycin (9.7%) was higher than that of other reports from Argentina. High-level resistance to gentamicin was not detected in any of the isolates. Based on our finding of 50% of GBS isolates with MIC to gentamicin equal o lower than 8 μg/ml, a concentration used in one of the selective media recommended for GBS isolation, we suggested, at least in our population, the use of nalidixic acid and colistin in selective media with the aim to improve the sensitivity of screening cultures for GBS carriage in women. PMID:24031210

Silent Circulation of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Prior to an Encephalitis Outbreak in Cordoba, Argentina (2005)

PubMed Central

Díaz, Luis Adrian; Albrieu Llinás, Guillermo; Vázquez, Ana; Tenorio, Antonio; Contigiani, Marta Silvia

2012-01-01

St. Louis encephalitis virus is a complex zoonoses. In 2005, 47 laboratory-confirmed and probable clinical cases of SLEV infection were reported in Córdoba, Argentina. Although the causes of 2005 outbreak remain unknown, they might be related not only to virological factors, but also to ecological and environmental conditions. We hypothesized that one of the factors for SLE reemergence in Córdoba, Argentina, was the introduction of a new SLEV genotype (SLEV genotype III), with no previous activity in the area. In order to evaluate this hypothesis we carried out a molecular characterization of SLEV detections from mosquitoes collected between 2001 and 2004 in Córdoba city. A total of 315 mosquito pools (11,002 individuals) including 12 mosquitoes species were analyzed. Overall, 20 pools (8 mosquitoes species) were positive for SLEV. During this study, genotypes II, V and VII were detected. No mosquito pool infected with genotype III was detected before the 2005 outbreak. Genotype V was found every year and in the 8 sampled sites. Genotypes II and VII showed limited temporal and spatial activities. We cannot dismiss the association of genotype II and V as etiological agents during the outbreak. However, the silent circulation of other SLEV strains in Córdoba city before the 2005 outbreak suggests that the introduction of genotype III was an important factor associated to this event. Not mutually exclusive, other factors such as changes in avian hosts and mosquitoes vectors communities, driven by climatic and environmental modifications, should also be taken into consideration in further studies. PMID:22303490

Alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-08-01

This report presents estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes that occurred during 1997. Several comparisons of alcohol involvement for the period 1982-1997 are presented to illustrate changes and trends. The data are abstracted from...

NREL technical assistance to Argentina

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lilienthal, P.

1997-12-01

This paper describes assistance to Argentina from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory which has touched on four programs: tariff analysis for rural concessions programs; wind/diesel hybrid retrofits in Patagonia; small hybrid systems designs for rural schools; an assessment of wind resources. The paper expands briefly on the first two points.

75 FR 12734 - Honey from Argentina: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-17

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-357-813] Honey from Argentina... opportunity to request an administrative review of the countervailing duty order on honey from Argentina. See... Administrative Review, 74 FR 62743 (December 1, 2009). On December 31, 2009, the American Honey Producers...

A new species of Tullbergia (Collembola, Tullbergiidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina

PubMed Central

Palacios-Vargas, José G.; Martínez, Ana E. Salazar

2014-01-01

Abstract A new species of Tullbergia from Argentina is described and illustrated; it is differentiated from Tullbergia paranensis by the number of vesicles of postantennal organ, pseudocelli shape and its formulae and the number of dorsal sensilla on Ant. IV. In addition a key for the identification of the members of the family from Argentina is included. PMID:25061344

Research on English Language Teaching and Learning in Argentina (2007-2013)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porto, Melina; Montemayor-Borsinger, Ann; López-Barrios, Mario

2016-01-01

In this article we review research on English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching and learning published in Argentina between 2007 and 2013. This is the first review of a Latin American country in this series. Argentina has a century-long tradition of training EFL teachers but a comparatively shorter though fruitful history of foreign language…

Environmental Variables Associated with Hantavirus Reservoirs and Other Small Rodent Species in Two National Parks in the Paraná Delta, Argentina: Implications for Disease Prevention.

PubMed

Vadell, María Victoria; Gómez Villafañe, Isabel Elisa

2016-06-01

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe zoonotic disease caused by hantaviruses hosted in various rodents species. In Argentina, its transmission to humans has been associated to exposure during activities such as farming, recreation, and tourism which are carried out in wild and rural areas. The aim of this study was to analyze the macro- and micro-habitat use and spatio-temporal variation of small sylvan rodents in Pre Delta and Islas de Santa Fe national parks, located in an HPS-endemic area of Argentina. Rodent communities were studied at six sites: two islands, a riparian forest, an inland forest, a marsh, and the margins of a pond. A total of 453 individuals of five species were captured with a trapping effort of 9471 trap-nights. Maximum species richness was found at the marsh and the pond margin sites. Abundance of rodents was influenced by flooding events. Two hantavirus reservoirs, Oligoryzomys flavescens and Akodon azarae, were identified in the area. O. flavescens was captured in every habitat, but it was dominant in Islas de Santa Fe National Park where its abundance was strongly influenced by flooding. A. azarae was captured in every habitat except on the islands. A. azarae behaved as a generalist species at a micro-habitat scale in every habitat of Pre Delta National Park except for the marsh where it selected patches with low vegetation height. Based on these results, several disease prevention measures, including the use of rodent-proof containers for food, and keeping the grass short in the camp site, are proposed in order to reduce the risk to visitors and residents of contracting HPS.

An evolutionary approach to mania studying Sardinian immigrants to Argentina.

PubMed

Carta, Mauro G; Perra, Alessandra; Atzeni, Michela; D'Oca, Silvia; Moro, Maria F; Kurotschka, Peter K; Moro, Daniela; Sancassiani, Federica; Minerba, Luigi; Brasesco, Maria V; Mausel, Gustavo; Nardi, Antonio E; Tondo, Leonardo

2017-01-01

To ascertain lifetime prevalence of positivity to a screening questionnaire for bipolar disorders (BD) in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and residents of Sardinia and assess whether such positivity affects quality of life (QoL) in either group. Our hypothesis is that screen positivity for BD may be more frequent in immigrants. Observational study. Subjects were randomly selected from the membership lists of associations of Sardinian immigrants in Argentina. A study carried out in Sardinia using the same methodology was used for comparison. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire was used to screen for mania/hypomania and the Short-Form Health Survey-12 to measure QoL. A higher prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes was found in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina (p < 0.0001; odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.87-4.77). Positivity at screening was associated with a lower QoL both in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and in residents of Sardinia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a higher lifetime prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes in a general-population sample of individuals who migrated to a foreign country. Our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that hyperactive/novelty-seeking features may represent an adaptive substrate in certain conditions of social change.

Proxy-based reconstruction of erythemal UV doses over Estonia for 1955 2004

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eerme, K.; Veismann, U.; Lätt, S.

2006-08-01

A proxy-based reconstruction of the erythemally-weighted UV doses for 1955-2004 has been performed for the Tartu-Tõravere Meteorological Station (58°16' N, 26°28' E, 70 m a.s.l.) site. The pyrheliometer-measured daily sum of direct irradiance on partly cloudy and clear days, and the pyranometer-measured daily sum of global irradiance on overcast days were used as the cloudiness influence related proxies. The TOMS ozone data have been used for detecting the daily deviations from the climatic value (averaged annual cycle). In 1998-2004, the biases between the measured and reconstructed daily doses in 55.5% of the cases were within ±10% and in 83.5% of the cases within ±20%, on average. In the summer half-year these amounts were 62% and 88%, respectively. In most years the results for longer intervals did not differ significantly, if no correction was made for the daily deviations of total ozone from its climatic value. The annual and summer half-yearly erythemal doses (contributing, on average, 89% of the annual value) agreed within ±2%, except for the years after major volcanic eruptions and one extremely fine weather year (2002). Using the daily relative sunshine duration as a proxy without detailed correction for atmospheric turbidity results in biases of 2-4% in the summer half-yearly dose in the years after major volcanic eruptions and a few other years of high atmospheric turbidity. The year-to-year variations of the summer half-yearly erythemal dose in 1955-2004 were found to be within 92-111% relative to their average value. Exclusion of eight extreme years reduces this range for the remaining to 95-105.5%. Due to the quasi-periodic alternation of wet and dry periods, the interval of cloudy summers 1976-1993 regularly manifests summer half-yearly erythemal dose values lower than the 1955-2004 average. Since 1996/1997 midwinters have been darker than on average.

The Indigenous World, 1997-98 = El Mundo Indigena, 1997-98.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erni, Christian, Ed.

This annual publication (published separately in English and Spanish) examines political, legal, social, environmental, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world during 1997-98. Part I highlights news events and ongoing situations in specific countries in nine world regions. In the Arctic and North America, these…

[Juvenile form of Sandhoff disease: first case reported in Argentina].

PubMed

Mugnaini, Julia; Pereyra, Marcela; Dodelson de Kremer, Raquel; Gamboni, Beatriz; Argaraña, Carlos E; Oller Ramírez, Ana M

2017-10-01

Sandhoff disease is a neurodegenerative, lysosomal and autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the HEXB gene. Three forms are recognized: infantile, juvenile and adult. Previously, an endogamous population in Córdoba, Argentina, was identified with a high incidence of Sandhoff disease, all reported cases were of the infantile type. In this work, we describe a child with the juvenile form of Sandhoff disease, the first case reported in Argentina. The patient is a 7-year-old boy presenting with ataxia, speech disturbances and global developmental delay, symptoms starting at the age of 2 years. Diagnosis was based on the hexosaminidase deficiency. Sequencing of genomic DNA revealed compound heterozygosity for two HEXB gene mutations: c.796T>G (p.Y266D) and c.1615C>T (p.R539C), both already reported. Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.

In-situ determination of the oxidation state of iron in Fe-bearing silicate melts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courtial, P.; Wilke, M.; Potuzak, M.; Dingwell, D. B.

2005-12-01

Terrestrial lavas commonly contain up to 10 wt% of iron. Furthermore, rocks returned from the Moon indicate lunar lava containing up to 25 wt% of iron and planetary scientists estimated that the martian mantle has about 18 wt% of iron. An experimental challenge in dealing with Fe-bearing silicate melts is that the oxidation state, controlling the proportions of ferric and ferrous iron, is a function of composition, oxygen fugacity and temperature and may vary significantly. Further complications concerning iron originate from its potential to be either four-, six- or even five-fold coordinated in both valence states. Therefore, the oxidation state of iron was determined in air for various Fe-bearing silicate melts. Investigated samples were Na-disilicate (NS), one atmosphere anorthite-diopside eutectic (AD) and haplogranitic (HPG8) melts containing up to 20, 20 and 10 wt% of iron, respectively. XANES spectra at the Fe K-edge were collected for all the melts at beamline A1, HASYLAB, Hamburg, using a Si(111) 4-crystal monochromator. Spectra were collected for temperatures up to 1573 K using a Pt-Rh loop as heating device. The Fe oxidation state was determined from the centroid position of the pre-edge feature using the calibration of Wilke et al. (2004). XANES results suggest that oxidation state of iron does not change within error for NS melts with addition of Fe, while AD and HPG8 melts become more oxidised with increasing iron content. Furthermore, NS melts are well more oxidised than AD and HPG8 melts that exhibit relatively similar oxidation states for identical iron contents. The oxidation state of iron for NS melts appears to be slightly temperature-dependent within the temperature range investigated (1073-1573 K). However, this trend is stronger for AD and HPG8 melts. Assuming that glass reflects a picture of the homogeneous equilibria of the melt, the present in-situ Fe-oxidation states determined for these melts were compared to those obtained on quenched

Climate Assessment for 1997.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bell, Gerald D.; Halpert, Michael S.

1998-05-01

The global climate during 1997 was affected by both extremes of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with weak Pacific cold episode conditions prevailing during January and February, and one of the strongest Pacific warm episodes (El Niño) in the historical record prevailing during the remainder of the year. This warm episode contributed to major regional rainfall and temperature anomalies over large portions of the Tropics and extratropics, which were generally consistent with those observed during past warm episodes. In many regions, these anomalies were opposite to those observed during 1996 and early 1997 in association with Pacific cold episode conditions.Some of the most dramatic El Niño impacts during 1997 were observed in the Tropics, where anomalous convection was evident across the entire Pacific and throughout most major monsoon regions of the world. Tropical regions most affected by excessive El Niño-related rainfall during the year included 1) the eastern half of the tropical Pacific, where extremely heavy rainfall and strong convective activity covered the region from April through December; 2) equatorial eastern Africa, where excessive rainfall during OctoberDecember led to widespread flooding and massive property damage; 3) Chile, where a highly amplified and extended South Pacific jet stream brought increased storminess and above-normal rainfall during the winter and spring; 4) southeastern South America, where these same storms produced above-normal rainfall during JuneDecember; and 5) Ecuador and northern Peru, which began receiving excessive rainfall totals in November and December as deep tropical convection spread eastward across the extreme eastern Pacific.In contrast, El Niño-related rainfall deficits during 1997 included 1) Indonesia, where significantly below-normal rainfall from June through December resulted in extreme drought and contributed to uncontrolled wildfires; 2) New Guinea, where drought contributed to large-scale food

Epidemiological trends of deep venous thrombosis in HIV-infected subjects (1997-2013): A nationwide population-based study in Spain.

PubMed

Alvaro-Meca, Alejandro; Ryan, Pablo; Martínez-Larrull, Esther; Micheloud, Dariela; Berenguer, Juan; Resino, Salvador

2018-02-01

Chronic infections may be a triggering factor as well as a risk factor of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological trends of hospital admissions related to DVT in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients during the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological status. We performed a retrospective study using the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. We selected HIV-infected subjects over 15years old with a hospital admission and DVT diagnosis (ICD-9-CM codes: 453.4x and 453.8x) between 1997 and 2013. Patients were classified according to HCV serology. We estimated the incidence (events per 100,000 patient-years) in four calendar periods (1997-1999, 2000-2003, 2004-2007, and 2008-2013). Overall, the incidence of DVT-related hospitalizations had a significant upward trend in all HIV-infected patients (P<0.001), with significant differences between 1997-1999 and 2008-2013 [49.5 vs. 88.1 (P<0.001)]. Moreover, the incidence was higher in HIV-monoinfected patients than in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients during the entire follow-up (P<0.001). However, the incidence had a significant downward trend in HIV-monoinfected patients (P=0.002) and a significant upward trend in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (P<0.001). Specifically, the incidence of DVT-related hospitalizations in HIV-monoinfected patients significantly decreased from 1997-1999 to 2008-2013 [142.7 vs. 103.1 (P=0.006)], whereas in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, the incidence increased from 8.4 (1997-1999) to 70.7 (2008-2013) (P<0.001). Our findings suggest that DVT is an emerging health problem among HIV-infected patients, with increasing incidence during the first 17years after the introduction of cART, particularly in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Copyright © 2017 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shaded relief, color as height Patagonia, Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-02-20

This topographic image acquired by NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM from data collected on February 15, 2000, of Patagonia, Argentina shows a spectacular landscape formed by volcanoes, rivers, and wind.

Increasing Capacity for Environmental Engineering in Salta, Argentina

PubMed Central

Rajal, Verónica B.; Cid, Alicia G.; Cruz, Mercedes C.; Poma, Hugo R.; Cacciabue, Dolores Gutierrez; Romano, Neli; Moraga, Norma B.; Last, Jerold A.

2012-01-01

Background The Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the United States National Institutes of Health includes the International Training and Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (ITREOH) Program. The “International Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Public Health” Center, funded in 2002 is based at the University of California, Davis, and is part of the ITREOH group of Centers. It has major efforts focused at the public universities in Montevideo, Uruguay, and Salta, Argentina. Results Training and research efforts in Salta begun in 2005 in the College of Engineering. A donated used real-time PCR machine was the starting point and the initial FIC support was instrumental to face other problems including physical space, research projects and grants, trainees, training, networking, and distractions/opportunities in order to develop local capacities in Environmental Engineering using modern methodology. After six years of successful work, the Salta center has become a reference Center in the field, and is still growing and consolidating. Conclusions This program has had a significant impact locally and regionally. The model used in Argentina could be easily adapted to other fields or types of projects in Argentina and in other developing countries. PMID:22467330

Increasing capacity for environmental engineering in Salta, Argentina.

PubMed

Rajal, Verónica B; Cid, Alicia G; Cruz, Mercedes C; Poma, Hugo R; Cacciabue, Dolores Gutierrez; Romano, Neli; Moraga, Norma B; Last, Jerold A

2013-01-01

The Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the United States National Institutes of Health includes the International Training and Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (ITREOH) Program. The "International Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Public Health" Center, funded in 2002 is based at the University of California, Davis, and is part of the ITREOH group of Centers. It has major efforts focused at the public universities in Montevideo, Uruguay, and Salta, Argentina. Training and research efforts in Salta begun in 2005 in the College of Engineering. A donated used real-time PCR machine was the starting point and the initial FIC support was instrumental to face other problems including physical space, research projects and grants, trainees, training, networking, and distractions/opportunities in order to develop local capacities in Environmental Engineering using modern methodology. After 6 years of successful work, the Salta center has become a reference Center in the field, and is still growing and consolidating. This program has had a significant impact locally and regionally. The model used in Argentina could be easily adapted to other fields or types of projects in Argentina and in other developing countries. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

1997 Spacecraft Contamination and Coatings Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Philip T. (Compiler); Benner, Steve M. (Compiler)

1997-01-01

This volume contains the presentation charts of talks given at the "1997 Spacecraft Contamination and Coatings Workshop," held July 9-10, 1997, in Annapolis, Maryland. The workshop was attended by representatives from NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Defense, industry, and universities concerned with the the spacecraft contamination engineering and thermal control coatings. The workshop provided a forum for exchanging new developments in spacecraft contamination and coatings.

The role of FeS(aq) molecular clusters in microbial redox cycling and iron mineralization.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Druschel, G.; Oduro, H.; Sperling, J.; Johnson, C.

2008-12-01

Iron sulfide molecular clusters, FeS(aq), are a group of polynuclear Fe-S complexes varying in size between a few and a few hundred molecules that occur in many environments and are critical parts of cycling between soluble iron and iron sulfide minerals. These clusters react uniquely with voltammetric Au-amalgam electrodes, and the signal for these molecules has now been observed in many terrestrial and marine aquatic settings. FeS(aq) clusters form when aqueous sulfide and iron(II) interact, but the source of those ions can come from abiotic or microbial sulfate and iron reduction or from the abiotic non-oxidative dissolution of iron sulfide minerals. Formation of iron sulfide minerals, principally mackinawite as the first solid nanocrystalline phase in many settings, is necessarily preceeded by formation and evolution of these molecular clusters as mineralization proceeds, and the clusters have been suggested to additionally be part of the pyritization process (Rickard and Luther, 1997; Luther and Rickard, 2005). In several systems, we have also observed FeS(aq) clusters to be the link between Fe-S mineral dissolution and oxidation of iron and sulfide, with important implications for changes to the overall oxidation pathway. Microorganisms can clearly be involved in the formation of FeS(aq) through iron and sulfate reduction, but it is not clear to date if organisms can utilize these clusters either as metabolic components or as anabolic 'building blocks' for enzyme production. Cycling of iron in the Fe-S system linked to FeS(aq) would clearly be a critical part of understanding iron isotope dynamics preserved in iron sulfide minerals. We will review ongoing work towards understanding the role of FeS(aq) in iron cycling and isotope fractionation as well as the measurement and characterization of this key class of iron complexes using environmental voltammetry.

The effect of FeF2 on the magneto-optic response in FeF2/Fe/FeF2 sandwiches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pištora, J.; Lesňák, M.; Lišková, E.; Višňovský, Š.; Harward, I.; Maslankiewicz, P.; Balin, K.; Celinski, Z.; Mistrík, J.; Yamaguchi, T.; Lopusnik, R.; Vlček, J.

2010-04-01

The room temperature optical constants n and k of MBE grown FeF2 films are reported. Because of poor chemical stability, FeF2 had to be coated with a protective Au layer. Reflection spectral ellipsometry in the photon energy range between 1.3 and 5.2 eV was performed on structures with a typical profile Au(0.5 nm)/FeF2(120 nm)/Au(30 nm)/Ag(20 nm)/Fe(0.6 nm) grown on GaAs(0 0 1) substrate. The spectra of n and k in FeF2 were subsequently employed in the design of FeF2/Fe/FeF2 sandwiches considered as magneto-optic (MO) sensors for weak microwave currents. Their MO response was evaluated using reflection MO (Kerr) spectroscopy at polar magnetization. The present results may be of interest in MO studies of magnetic nanostructures with Fe/FeF2/Fe, including MO magnetometry and MO magnetic domain imaging.

76 FR 29192 - Honey From Argentina: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-20

... Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade...) published its preliminary results of the 2008-2009 administrative review of the antidumping duty order on honey from Argentina. See Honey From Argentina: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative...

Towards a New Cartography of Curriculum Reform: Reflections on Educational Decentralization in Argentina.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dussel, Ines; Tiramonti, Guillermina; Birgin, Alejandra

2000-01-01

States that educational reforms in Argentina have reshaped both school knowledge and institutional patterns of school administration. Analyzes the process of "curriculum reterritorialization" in Argentina, the contradictions and displacements it produces, and the hybrid products that result. Traces reterritorialization through four…

Acute intermittent porphyria in Argentina: an update.

PubMed

Cerbino, Gabriela Nora; Gerez, Esther Noemí; Varela, Laura Sabina; Melito, Viviana Alicia; Parera, Victoria Estela; Batlle, Alcira; Rossetti, María Victoria

2015-01-01

Porphyrias are a group of metabolic diseases that arise from deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway. A partial deficiency in hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) produces a hepatic disorder named Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP); the acute porphyria is more frequent in Argentina. In this paper we review the results obtained for 101 Argentinean AIP families and 6 AIP families from foreign neighbour countries studied at molecular level at Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP). Thirty-five different mutations were found, of which 14 were described for the first time in our population. The most prevalent type of mutations was the missense mutations (43%) followed by splice defects (26%) and small deletions (20%). An odd case of a double heterozygous presentation of AIP in a foreign family from Paraguay is discussed. Moreover, it can be noted that 38 new families were found carrying the most frequent mutation in Argentina (p.G111R), increasing to 55.66% the prevalence of this genetic change in our population and adding further support to our previous hypothesis of a founder effect for this mutation in Argentina. Identification of patients with an overt AIP is important because treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis, but more critical is the identification of asymptomatic relatives to avoid acute attacks which may progress to death.

Population structure in Argentina

PubMed Central

Motti, Josefina M. B.; Paz Sepulveda, Paula B.; Yee, Muh-ching; Cooke, Thomas; Santos, María R.; Ramallo, Virginia; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, Jose E.; Bailliet, Graciela; Bravi, Claudio M.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.

2018-01-01

We analyzed 391 samples from 12 Argentinian populations from the Center-West, East and North-West regions with the Illumina Human Exome Beadchip v1.0 (HumanExome-12v1-A). We did Principal Components analysis to infer patterns of populational divergence and migrations. We identified proportions and patterns of European, African and Native American ancestry and found a correlation between distance to Buenos Aires and proportion of Native American ancestry, where the highest proportion corresponds to the Northernmost populations, which is also the furthest from the Argentinian capital. Most of the European sources are from a South European origin, matching historical records, and we see two different Native American components, one that spreads all over Argentina and another specifically Andean. The highest percentages of African ancestry were in the Center West of Argentina, where the old trade routes took the slaves from Buenos Aires to Chile and Peru. Subcontinentaly, sources of this African component are represented by both West Africa and groups influenced by the Bantu expansion, the second slightly higher than the first, unlike North America and the Caribbean, where the main source is West Africa. This is reasonable, considering that a large proportion of the ships arriving at the Southern Hemisphere came from Mozambique, Loango and Angola. PMID:29715266

Population structure in Argentina.

PubMed

Muzzio, Marina; Motti, Josefina M B; Paz Sepulveda, Paula B; Yee, Muh-Ching; Cooke, Thomas; Santos, María R; Ramallo, Virginia; Alfaro, Emma L; Dipierri, Jose E; Bailliet, Graciela; Bravi, Claudio M; Bustamante, Carlos D; Kenny, Eimear E

2018-01-01

We analyzed 391 samples from 12 Argentinian populations from the Center-West, East and North-West regions with the Illumina Human Exome Beadchip v1.0 (HumanExome-12v1-A). We did Principal Components analysis to infer patterns of populational divergence and migrations. We identified proportions and patterns of European, African and Native American ancestry and found a correlation between distance to Buenos Aires and proportion of Native American ancestry, where the highest proportion corresponds to the Northernmost populations, which is also the furthest from the Argentinian capital. Most of the European sources are from a South European origin, matching historical records, and we see two different Native American components, one that spreads all over Argentina and another specifically Andean. The highest percentages of African ancestry were in the Center West of Argentina, where the old trade routes took the slaves from Buenos Aires to Chile and Peru. Subcontinentaly, sources of this African component are represented by both West Africa and groups influenced by the Bantu expansion, the second slightly higher than the first, unlike North America and the Caribbean, where the main source is West Africa. This is reasonable, considering that a large proportion of the ships arriving at the Southern Hemisphere came from Mozambique, Loango and Angola.

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 in blood donors from different geographical regions of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.

PubMed

Pérez, Celeste; Tous, Mónica; Gallego, Sandra; Zala, Norma; Rabinovich, Oscar; Garbiero, Susana; Martínez, María José; Cunha, Andrèa Mendonça Gusmão; Camino, Sofía; Cámara, Alicia; Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho; Larrondo, Milton; Francalancia, Verónica; Landreau, Fernando; Bartomioli, Miguel Angel

2004-04-01

Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) causes Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and lymphoproliferative disorders in both HIV-infected and uninfected patients. HHV-8 has a worldwide occurrence but infection rates vary according to a combination of geographic and behavioral risks. The main transmission route seems to be sexual, nevertheless, nasal secretions, saliva, blood, and organ graft have been proposed. HHV-8 was postulated as a new infectious agent for screening in blood donors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against HHV-8 antigens in blood donors of South America. Serum samples from 2,470 blood donors from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile corresponding to five geographic regions were studied by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Seroprevalence rate was 3.7% (92/2,470; 95% CI 2.9-4.5) in the entire blood donor population distributed as follows: Argentina, 4.0% (Buenos Aires city, 4.3%; Bahia Blanca, 2.4%; and Córdoba, 4.0%), Campinas (Brazil), 2.8%; and Santiago de Chile, 3.0%. There was no difference (P>0.05) between men and women or age related, except in Brazil where positive cases were 30-49-year-old males. The present study, which includes different geographical areas of multiple countries from South America, has not been done before. The results show similar prevalence rates among the studied zones corresponding to low-prevalence regions. South America is a large sub-continent with a wide spectrum of population and geographical characteristics, thus, more HHV-8 prevalence studies should be necessary to establish possible regional differences. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

[The demographic and occupational characteristics of Italian migrants to Argentina, 1880-1930].

PubMed

Cacopardo, M C; Moreno, J L

1984-09-01

"This essay studies...the demographic and socio-professional characteristics of the Italian emigrants in Argentina during the period 1880-1930. Besides a reconstruction of the demographic variables (age, sex, mortality, and fertility) in the historical series, the essay also depicts the professional profile of the Italians in Argentina...." (summary in ENG, FRE) excerpt

Psychotherapy in Argentina: a clinical case from an integrative perspective.

PubMed

Gómez, Beatriz

2007-08-01

The article describes psychotherapy practice in Argentina. It outlines the main features of training and regulation of clinical psychologists. A brief description of the main treatment approaches and the major current challenges is presented. Subsequently it delineates the probable treatment locations and options for a 30-year-old woman, Mrs. A, seeking psychological help in Argentina. The case is then considered from an integrative perspective starting with the intake process, which includes a comprehensive pretreatment assessment followed by the treatment plan. Its course is described as composed of four stages: (1) psychoeducational initial intervention, (2) psychotherapy for symptom alleviation, (3) marital treatment, and (4) psychoeducational final intervention. Posttreatment evaluation and possible outcome and prognosis are presented, as well as factors that might prevent improvement. The article ends with a hopeful view of the future role of psychotherapy in Argentina. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ricardo Dyrgalla (1910-1970), pioneer of rocket development in Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de León, Pablo

2009-12-01

One of the most important developers of liquid propellant rocket engines in Argentina was Polish-born Ricardo Dyrgalla. Dyrgalla immigrated to Argentina from the United Kingdom in 1946, where he had been studying German weapons development at the end of the Second World War. A trained pilot and aeronautical engineer, he understood the intricacies of rocket propulsion and was eager to find practical applications to his recently gained knowledge. Dyrgalla arrived in Argentina during Juan Perón's first presidency, a time when technicians from all over Europe were being recruited to work in various projects for the recently created Argentine Air Force. Shortly after immigrating, Dyrgalla proposed to develop an advanced air-launched weapon, the Tábano, based on a rocket engine of his design, the AN-1. After a successful development program, the Tábano was tested between 1949 and 1951; however, the project was canceled by the government shortly after. Today, the AN-1 rocket engine is recognized as the first liquid propellant rocket to be developed in South America. Besides the AN-1, Dyrgalla also developed several other rockets systems in Argentina, including the PROSON, a solid-propellant rocket launcher developed by the Argentine Institute of Science and Technology for the Armed Forces (CITEFA). In the late 1960s, Dyrgalla and his family relocated to Brazil due mostly to the lack of continuation of rocket development in Argentina. There, he worked for the Institute of Aerospace Technology (ITA) until his untimely death in 1970. Ricardo Dyrgalla deserves to be recognized among the world's rocket pioneers and his contribution to the science and engineering of rocketry deserves a special place in the history of South America's rocketry and space flight advocacy programs.

238U-234U-230Th disequilibrium in hydrogenous oceanic Fe-Mn crusts: Palaeoceanographic record or diagenetic alteration?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chabaux, F.; O'Nions, R. K.; Cohen, A.S.; Hein, J.R.

1997-01-01

A detailed TIMS study of (234Uexc/238U), (230Th/232Th), and Th/U ratios have been performed on the outermost margin of ten hydrogenous Fe-Mn crusts from the equatorial Pacific Ocean and west-central Indian Ocean. Th/U concentration ratios generally decrease from the crust's surface down to 0.5-1 mm depth and growth rates estimated by uranium and thorium isotope ratios are significantly different in Fe-Mn crusts from the Peru Basin and the west-central Indian Ocean. Fe-Mn crusts from the same geographical area define a single trend in plots of Ln (234Uexc/238U) vs. Ln(230Th/232Th) and Th/U ratios vs. age of the analysed fractions. Results suggest that (1) hydrogenous Fe-Mn crusts remain closed-systems after formation, and consequently (2) the discrepancy observed between the 230Th and 234U chronometers in Fe-Mn crusts, and the variations of the Th/U ratios through the margin of Fe-Mn crusts, are not due to redistribution of uranium and thorium isotopes after oxyhydroxide precipitation, but rather to temporal variations of both Th/U and initial thorium activity ratios recorded by the Fe-Mn layers. Implications of these observations for determination of Fe-Mn crust growth-rates are discussed. Variations of both Th/U and initial Th activity ratios in Fe-Mn crusts might be related to changes in particle input to seawater and/or changes in ocean circulation during the last 150 ka. Copyright ?? 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

TASH Newsletter, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TASH Newsletter, 1997

1997-01-01

Ten issues of the 1997 newsletter of TASH comprise this document. An issue typically contains news items, a column by the organization's executive director, reports from special interest groups, legislative testimony, conference information, and several major articles, such as the following: "Multicultural Perspectives: Excerpts from Opening…

READ Perspectives 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porter, Rosalie Pedalino, Ed.; Thomsen, Kerri Lynne, Ed.; Kimbrell, William, W., Ed.

1997-01-01

This document comprises the two 1997 issues of the journal. Articles include the following: "The Importance of Learning English: A National Survey of Hispanic Parents" (Michael La Velle); "The Languages of Immigrants" (Charles L. Glenn); "Follow-Up Study on the Bethlehem, PA School District's English Acquisition…

Energies and spin states of FeS(0/-), FeS2(0/-), Fe2S2(0/-), Fe3S4(0/-), and Fe4S4(0/-) clusters.

PubMed

Li, Yan-Ni; Wang, Shengguang; Wang, Tao; Gao, Rui; Geng, Chun-Yu; Li, Yong-Wang; Wang, Jianguo; Jiao, Haijun

2013-04-15

The structures and energies of the electronic ground states of the FeS(0/-), FeS2(0/-), Fe2S2(0/-), Fe3S4(0/-), and Fe4S4(0/-) neutral and anionic clusters have been computed systematically with nine computational methods in combination with seven basis sets. The computed adiabatic electronic affinities (AEA) have been compared with available experimental data. Most reasonable agreements between theory and experiment have been found for both hybrid B3LYP and B3PW91 functionals in conjugation with 6-311+G* and QZVP basis sets. Detailed comparisons between the available experimental and computed AEA data at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level identified the electronic ground state of (5)Δ for FeS, (4)Δ for FeS(-), (5)B2 for FeS2, (6)A1 for FeS2(-), (1)A1 for Fe2S2, (8)A' for Fe2S2(-), (5)A'' for Fe3S4, (6)A'' for Fe3S4(-), (1)A1 for Fe4S4, and (1)A2 for Fe4S4(-). In addition, Fe2S2, Fe3S4, Fe3S4(-), Fe4S4, and Fe4S4(-) are antiferromagnetic at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level. The magnetic properties are discussed on the basis of natural bond orbital analysis. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

SHA news in brief April 2004

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

William, Stuart

2004-05-01

Council meeting May 2004; SHA completes affiliation to BMI; Chair announces resignation; Speakers invited for SHA annual conference 9 October 2004; AGM and Lectures 22 May 2004; Annual picnic Woolsthorpe Manor Saturday 3 July 2004.

Certificated Personnel and Related Information, Fall 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wamboldt, Martina

Information on Colorado's certificated school personnel and related information was gathered from the state's public school districts and Boards of Cooperative Services during fall 1997. This information shows that the fall 1997 average salary for Colorado's 37,840.9 full-time-equivalent (FTE) public school teachers was $37,240, which represented…

The Privatization of Education in Argentina.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naradowski, Mariono; Andrada, Myrian

2001-01-01

Describes historical and current trends in Argentina's private and public primary- and secondary-school enrollment levels and policy reasons behind changes, including deregulation of private schools. Evaluates research analyzing impact of increased private-school enrollment; argues middle- and high-income students are opting out of public schools…

Financial and Political Crisis in Argentina: Walking a Wobbly Tightrope

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

Background At the core of the current economic crisis is Argentina’s currency, the peso , which until recently was pegged to the U.S. dollar. In...1991, then-president Carlos Menem artificially tied the peso to the dollar at one to one parity through a currency board in order to generate financial...limited monetary growth by only allowing as many pesos to circulate in Argentina’s economy as dollars held in the Argentine Central Bank’s reserves

Vaccines in Argentina: a regulatory view.

PubMed

Pérez, A C; Diez, R A

2003-07-28

In Argentina, vaccines for immuno-preventable diseases are regulated by the national regulatory agency, the Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (the National Administration of Drugs, Food and Medical Devices, or ANMAT) created in 1992 to ensure efficacy and safety of drugs, food and medical devices available in the country, according to Law 16,463 and Decree 150/92. ANMAT has licensed 84 out of 157 vaccines registered in Argentina. Since 1994, ANMAT evaluated, approved and inspected 20 clinical trials with vaccines (1.8% of the 1062 trials approved by the agency since that time). The National System of Pharmaco-vigilance has received 318 communications of eventual adverse post-vaccination events (0.3% of the total). In addition, ANMAT provides support to the National Immunisation Programme. The current procedure is to follow international guidelines in the field, to be prepared for new, rapidly changing scenarios.

Fe atom exchange between aqueous Fe2+ and magnetite.

PubMed

Gorski, Christopher A; Handler, Robert M; Beard, Brian L; Pasakarnis, Timothy; Johnson, Clark M; Scherer, Michelle M

2012-11-20

The reaction between magnetite and aqueous Fe(2+) has been extensively studied due to its role in contaminant reduction, trace-metal sequestration, and microbial respiration. Previous work has demonstrated that the reaction of Fe(2+) with magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) results in the structural incorporation of Fe(2+) and an increase in the bulk Fe(2+) content of magnetite. It is unclear, however, whether significant Fe atom exchange occurs between magnetite and aqueous Fe(2+), as has been observed for other Fe oxides. Here, we measured the extent of Fe atom exchange between aqueous Fe(2+) and magnetite by reacting isotopically "normal" magnetite with (57)Fe-enriched aqueous Fe(2+). The extent of Fe atom exchange between magnetite and aqueous Fe(2+) was significant (54-71%), and went well beyond the amount of Fe atoms found at the near surface. Mössbauer spectroscopy of magnetite reacted with (56)Fe(2+) indicate that no preferential exchange of octahedral or tetrahedral sites occurred. Exchange experiments conducted with Co-ferrite (Co(2+)Fe(2)(3+)O(4)) showed little impact of Co substitution on the rate or extent of atom exchange. Bulk electron conduction, as previously invoked to explain Fe atom exchange in goethite, is a possible mechanism, but if it is occurring, conduction does not appear to be the rate-limiting step. The lack of significant impact of Co substitution on the kinetics of Fe atom exchange, and the relatively high diffusion coefficients reported for magnetite suggest that for magnetite, unlike goethite, Fe atom diffusion is a plausible mechanism to explain the rapid rates of Fe atom exchange in magnetite.

Identification of water ice on the Centaur 1997 CU26.

PubMed

Brown, R H; Cruikshank, D P; Pendleton, Y; Veeder, G J

1998-05-29

Spectra of the Centaur 1997 CU26 were obtained at the Keck Observatory on 27 October 1997 (universal time). The data show strong absorptions at 1.52 and 2.03 micrometers attributable to water ice on the surface of 1997 CU26. The reflectance spectrum of 1997 CU26 is matched by the spectrum of a mixture of low-temperature, particulate water ice and spectrally featureless but otherwise red-colored material. Water ice dominates the spectrum of 1997 CU26, whereas methane or methane-like hydrocarbons apparently dominate the spectrum of the Kuiper belt object 1993 SC, perhaps indicating different origins, thermal histories, or both for these two objects.

NASA Spacecraft Eyes Severe Flooding in Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-04-05

NASA Terra spacecraft captured this view of severe flooding in La Plata, Argentina, on April 4, 2013. Torrential rains and record flash flooding has killed more than 50 and left thousands homeless, according to news reports.

ICUs worldwide: A brief description of intensive care development in Argentina

PubMed Central

Gallesio, Antonio O

2003-01-01

The present commentary reviews the development and present situation of critical care medicine in Argentina. Critical care has a long history in our country that began in 1958. Its development has not been uniform, and followed the political and economic troubles of the country, particularly those of its health system. Nevertheless, high quality care for critically ill patients, in both human and technological terms, has been achieved in Argentina. PMID:12617737

Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in the Marches region (Italy): 1997–2007

PubMed Central

D'Errico, Marcello M; Barbadoro, Pamela; Bacelli, Sonia; Esposto, Elisabetta; Moroni, Vania; Scaccia, Federica; Tantucci, Luana; Prospero, Emilia

2008-01-01

Background The last case of poliomyelitis due to transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus occurred in Italy in 1982, however, it is important to guarantee a high quality surveillance as there is a risk of importation of cases from areas where polio is endemic. Stopping poliovirus transmission is pursued through a combination of high infant immunization coverage and surveillance for wild poliovirus through reporting and laboratory testing of all cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) among children under fifteen years of age. The aim of this study was to describe and to evaluate 11 years of active surveillance in the Marches (Italy) in terms of: incidence, aetiology and clinical manifestation of AFP cases. Methods The active Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance has been carried out in the Marches region since February 1997 by the Chair of Hygiene which established a regional hospital network. Active surveillance involves 15 hospital centres. Results In the considered period, 0–15 years population varied between 187,051 in 1997 to 201,625 in 2007, so the number of AFP expected cases is 2 per year. From February 1997 to October 2007, 27 cases were found with rates of 1.0/100,000 in 1997; 2.0/100,000 in 1998; 1.0/100,000 in 1999; 0.5/100,000 in 2000; 2.5/100,000 in 2001; 1.0/100,000 in 2002; 0 in 2003; 0.5/100,000 in 2004; 1.5/100,000 in 2005; 2.0/100,000 in 2006; 1.5/100,000 in 2007. In 29.6% of cases two stool samples were collected in 14 days from the symptoms onset. The 60-days follow-up is available for 23 out of 27 cases reported. In 44.5% of cases the definite diagnosis was Guillain Barrè syndrome. Conclusion In general, the surveillance activity is satisfactory even if in presence of some criticalities in biological samples collection. The continuation of surveillance, in addition to the maintenance of current levels of performance, will tend to a further and more detailed sensitization of all workers involved, in order to obtain spontaneous and prompt

[Issues regarding the legal regulation of drugs in Argentina].

PubMed

Bignone, Inés M

2006-01-01

This work describes the main functions and attributions of the National Administration of Medicines, Food and Medical Technology (Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica, ANMAT) of Argentina in the control and supervision of pharmaceutical products. The four properties that a medicine must full-fill (efficacy, safety, quality and accessibility) are described, and the role of ANMAT with regard to each one is specified. Criteria employed in the classification of pharmaceutical products marketed in Argentina with the regulatory agency permission are specified, and a reference to pharmaceutical products not registered before the Agency is also included.

Argentina.

PubMed

1993-02-01

Background notes on Argentina provide a profile of the geography, selected demographic features, government and economic conditions. Descriptive text includes a discussion of the people, their history and political conditions, the government and officials, the state of the economy, their defense, foreign relations, and relations with the US. The 1992 estimated population was about 33 million of whom 97% are European (mostly Spanish and Italian). Religions represented are Roman Catholic (92%), Protestant (2%), Jewish (2%), and other (4%). Adult literacy is 95%. 36% are engaged in industry and commerce, 20% in services, 19% in agriculture, 6% in transport and communications, and 19% other. Per capita gross domestic product was $4,500. There are only 50,000 native Indians remaining in peripheral provinces. The population enjoys a high standard of living and a low growth rate. The country was shaped by dominant forces: modern agricultural techniques and the integration of the country into the world economy. Foreign investment aided the economic revolution. Conservative and radical rule has swung the country back and forth politically since 1916. Colonel Juan Domingo Peron led a successful military coup in 1943 and was elected in 1946. Policies were instituted to give a greater voice to the working class, and with the influences of his wife, women's groups. In 1955, he was ousted by the military, which failed to revive the economy and quiet increasing terrorism. After a number of difficult elections, Peron was reinstated as president in 1973. Extremists on the left and right threatened public order; the military as a consequence imprisoned persons indefinitely. Peron's wife succeeded him after his death, but was removed from office in the military coup of 1976. Basic human rights were violated during this period. By 1983, a fair election was held and support increased for a democratic system. In 1989, Carlos Saul Menem, a Peronist candidate, won and established

18 CFR 385.2004 - Original and copies of filings (Rule 2004).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Original and copies of... Requirements for Filings in Proceedings Before the Commission § 385.2004 Original and copies of filings (Rule 2004). Any person filing under this chapter must provide an original of the filing and fourteen exact...

STS-55 Earth observation of agricultural development in northern Argentina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-55 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of agricultural development in northern Argentina. This photograph is from a mapping strip of photographs acquired by the STS-55 crew. This mapping strip runs from the 'eyelash forests' of the Bolivian Andes, southeast across the Chaco Plains, and into the upper Parana River Basin of north-central Argentina. The formerly densely forested areas between the upper Rio Pilcomayo and the Rio Teuco of NW Argentina rest on deep, rich alluvial and loess deposits. These modern soils were carried into the region by rivers from the Andes and by dust storms from large playa areas of the Altiplano (high plains) of Peru and Boliva. In this scene, representative of the long mapping strip, the process of converting forests to agriculture is far advanced. The original road network, a series of grids laid out in the forest, has nearly coalesced into a farm and ranch landscape. Some few relict forests are still visible as distin

CDF Reports, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clevenger, Sydney Stephenson, Ed.

1997-01-01

These 13 issues of the Children's Defense Fund Report from 1997 discuss concerns related to child advocacy and provide information on problems in children's lives in the United States. Regular features include the editorial column "A Voice for Children," a status report on federal legislation related to children, descriptions of…

jsc2004e47548

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-24

JSC2004-E-47548 (24 October 2004) --- Astronaut Edward M. (Mike) Fincke, NASA International Space Station (ISS) science officer and flight engineer, shows his happiness with the successful landing in the Soyuz spacecraft with fellow crew members cosmonaut Gennady I. Padalka, Russia’s Federal Space Agency Expedition 9 commander, and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin. The crew landed approximately 85 kilometers northeast of Arkalyk in northern Kazakhstan on October 24, 2004. Photo Credit: "NASA/Bill Ingalls"

jsc2004e47550

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-24

JSC2004-E-47550 (24 October 2004) --- Astronaut Edward M. (Mike) Fincke, NASA International Space Station (ISS) science officer and flight engineer, shows his happiness with the successful landing in the Soyuz spacecraft with fellow crew members cosmonaut Gennady I. Padalka, Russia’s Federal Space Agency Expedition 9 commander, and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin. The crew landed approximately 85 kilometers northeast of Arkalyk in northern Kazakhstan on October 24, 2004. Photo Credit: "NASA/Bill Ingalls"

Controllable exchange bias in Fe/metamagnetic FeRh bilayers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suzuki, Ippei; Hamasaki, Yosuke; Itoh, Mitsuru

2014-10-27

We report the studies of tuning the exchange bias at ferromagnetic Fe/metamagnetic FeRh bilayer interfaces. Fe/FeRh(111) bilayers show exchange bias in the antiferromagnetic state of FeRh while no exchange bias occurs at Fe/FeRh(001) interface. The contrasting results are attributed to the spin configurations of FeRh at the interface, i.e., the uncompensated ferromagnetic spin configuration of FeRh appears exclusively for (111) orientation. The exchange bias disappears as the bilayers are warmed above the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition temperature. The direction of the exchange bias for Fe/FeRh(111) is also found to be perpendicular to the cooling-field direction, in contrast to the commonly observed directionmore » of exchange bias for ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interfaces. In view of these results, the exchange bias in Fe/FeRh bilayers with the (111) crystallographic orientation should be useful for the design of rapid writing technology for magnetic information devices.« less

Andes Altiplano, Northwest, Argentina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

This view of the Andean Altiplano in northwest Argentina (25.5S, 68.0W) is dominated by heavily eroded older and inactive volcano peaks. Snow is more apparent on the south faces of the slopes where the sunlight is less direct and therefore, cooler. The Altiplano is a high altitude cold desert like the Tibetan Plateau but smaller in area. It is the inland extension of the hyperarid Atacama Desert of the west coast of South America.

Argentina soybean yield model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Callis, S. L.; Sakamoto, C.

1984-01-01

A model based on multiple regression was developed to estimate soybean yields for the country of Argentina. A meteorological data set was obtained for the country by averaging data for stations within the soybean growing area. Predictor variables for the model were derived from monthly total precipitation and monthly average temperature. A trend variable was included for the years 1969 to 1978 since an increasing trend in yields due to technology was observed between these years.

Effectiveness of FeEDDHA, FeEDDHMA, and FeHBED in Preventing Iron-Deficiency Chlorosis in Soybean.

PubMed

Bin, Levi M; Weng, Liping; Bugter, Marcel H J

2016-11-09

The performance of FeHBED in preventing Fe deficiency chlorosis in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in comparison to FeEDDHA and FeEDDHMA was studied, as well as the importance of the ortho-ortho and ortho-para/rest isomers in defining the performance. To this end, chlorophyll production (SPAD), plant dry matter yield, and the mass fractions of important mineral elements in the plant were quantified in a greenhouse pot experiment. All three Fe chelates increased SPAD index and dry matter yield compared to the control. The effect of FeHBED on chlorophyll production was visible over a longer time span than that of FeEDDHA and FeEDDHMA. Additionally, FeHBED did not suppress Mn uptake as much as the other Fe chelates. Compared to the other Fe chelates, total Fe content in the young leaves was lower in the FeHBED treatment; however, total Fe content was not directly related to chlorophyll production and biomass yield. For each chelate, the ortho-ortho isomer was found to be more effective than the other isomers evaluated.

15 CFR 2004.3 - Organization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Organization. 2004.3 Section 2004.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Organization § 2004.3 Organization...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : United States : hazardous materials

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the mo...

Impact of influenza in the post-pandemic phase: Clinical features in hospitalized patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 and H3N2 viruses, during 2013 in Santa Fe, Argentina.

PubMed

Kusznierz, Gabriela; Carolina, Cudós; Manuel, Rudi Juan; Sergio, Lejona; Lucila, Ortellao; Julio, Befani; Mirta, Villani; Pedro, Morana; Graciana, Morera; Andrea, Uboldi; Elsa, Zerbini

2017-07-01

It is important to characterize the clinical and epidemiological pattern of the influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and compare it with influenza A (H3N2) virus, as surveyed in just a few studies, in order to contribute to the implementation and strengthening of influenza control and prevention strategies. The aims in this study were to describe influenza clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized patients, caused by influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A (H3N2) viruses during 2013, in Santa Fe, Argentina. A retrospective study was conducted over 2013 among hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza diagnosis. In contrast to patients with influenza A (H3N2) (20.5%), a higher proportion of hospitalizations associated with influenza H1N1pdm were reported among adults aged 35-65 years (42.8%). Of all patients, 73.6% had an underlying medical condition. Hospitalized patients with H1N1pdm were subject to 2.6 (95%CI, 1.0-6.8) times higher risk of severity, than those hospitalized with influenza A (H3N2). This results demonstrate the impact in the post-pandemic era of H1N1pdm virus, with increased risk of severe disease, in relation to H3N2 virus, both viruses co-circulating during 2013. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

77 FR 73021 - Lemon Juice From Argentina: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Review of the Suspended...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-818] Lemon Juice From Argentina... duty investigation on lemon juice from Argentina. The Department has conducted an expedited sunset... suspended antidumping duty investigation on lemon juice from Argentina, pursuant to section 751(c) of the...

On understanding proton transfer to the biocatalytic [Fe-Fe](H) sub-cluster in [Fe-Fe]H(2)ases: QM/MM MD simulations.

PubMed

Hong, G; Cornish, A J; Hegg, E L; Pachter, R

2011-05-01

Proton transfer to the [Fe-Fe](H) sub-cluster in the Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (DdH) and Clostridium pasteurianum (CpI) [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases was investigated by a combination of first principles and empirical molecular dynamics simulations. Pathways that can be inferred from the X-ray crystal structures of DdH and CpI, i.e., (Glu159→Ser198→Glu156→water460→Cys178→DTMA([Fe-Fe](H)) and (Glu282→Ser319→Glu279→water612→Cys299), respectively, were considered. Proton transfer from Cys178 to DTMA in the [Fe-Fe](H) sub-cluster in DdH was readily observed in our results, specifically when [Fe-Fe](H) was in the reduced state ([Fe(I)-Fe(I)]) or in the mixed valence state for the protonated distal iron Fe(d) ([Fe(I)-Fe(II)-H(-)](H)). A concerted mechanism is proposed, where proton transfer in DdH from Glu159 to Glu156 via Ser198 and Glu156 to Cys178 via water460 readily occurred, as well as from Glu282 to Glu279 via Ser319 and Glu279 to Cys299 via water612 in CpI. The theoretical prediction of the proton transfer characteristics is consistent with the assumed biocatalytic mechanism of the [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases in which the proton binds at Fe(d), providing confirmation that has not been explored so far. The computational results were qualitatively validated by the agreement with experimental hydrogen production activity data for mutated CpI enzymes, relative to the wild-type protein. Finally, the insight provided by the simulations, combined, in part, with experimental validation, are important for establishing an approach in future exploration of proton transfer to the active site in this class of enzymes, and possibly also for biomimetic analogs. Published by Elsevier B.V.

First Teacher, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durkin, Lisa Lyons, Ed.

1997-01-01

These six theme-oriented newsletter issues present specific curriculum planning ideas and activities for teachers of young children. The theme of the January-February 1997 issue is "The Arts of Winter." Topics in this issue include celebrating with music and movement, learning songs, classroom visitors and the arts, art in picture books,…

Fe Isotope Composition of Neoproterozoic Post-Glacial "Cap Dolostones"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Halverson, G. P.

2005-12-01

. (Goldschmidt abstract, 2005), but distinctly lower than altered dolostones (δ57Fe = 0.10 - 1.02‰) in a Jurassic, organic-rich mudstone (Matthews et al., GCA, 2004). It is difficult to conclude at this time whether or not the relatively low δ57Fe composition of the cap dolostones is consistent with the Beard et al. (Geology, 2003) hypothesis due to large uncertainties in the solution-mineral fractionation factors for carbonates, the potential effects of diagenesis and biological influences on dolomite precipitation, and the possibility that the Marinoan deep ocean was euxinic.

Michigan's forests 2004

Treesearch

Scott A. Pugh; Mark H. Hansen; Lawrence D. Pedersen; Douglas C. Heym; Brett J. Butler; Susan J. Crocker; Dacia Meneguzzo; Charles H. Perry; David E. Haugen; Christopher Woodall; Ed Jepsen

2009-01-01

The first annual inventory of Michigan's forests, completed in 2004, covers more than 19.3 million acres of forest land. The data in this report are based on visits to 10,355 forested plots from 2000 to 2004. In addition to detailed information on forest attributes, this report includes data on forest health, biomass, land-use change, and timber-product outputs....

Structure and magnetism in Co/X, Fe/Si, and Fe/(FeSi) multilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franklin, Michael Ray

Previous studies have shown that magnetic behavior in multilayers formed by repeating a bilayer unit comprised of a ferromagnetic layer and a non-magnetic spacer layer can be affected by small structural differences. For example, a macroscopic property such as giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is believed to depend significantly upon interfacial roughness. In this study, several complimentary structural probes were used to carefully characterize the structure of several sputtered multilayer systems-Co/Ag, Co/Cu, Co/Mo, Fe/Si, and Fe//[FeSi/]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were used to examine the long-range structural order of the multilayers perpendicular to the plane of the layers. Transmission electron diffraction (TED) studies were used to probe the long-range order parallel to the layer plane. X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) studies were used to determine the average local structural environment of the ferromagnetic atoms. For the Co/X systems, a simple correlation between crystal structure and saturation magnetization is discovered for the Co/Mo system. For the Fe/X systems, direct evidence of an Fe-silicide is found for the /[FeSi/] spacer layer but not for the Si spacer layer. Additionally, differences were observed in the magnetic behavior between the Fe in the nominally pure Fe layer and the Fe contained in the /[FeSi/] spacer layers.

Fractionation of Fe isotopes during Fe(II) oxidation by a marine photoferrotroph is controlled by the formation of organic Fe-complexes and colloidal Fe fractions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swanner, Elizabeth D.; Wu, Wenfang; Schoenberg, Ronny; Byrne, James; Michel, F. Marc; Pan, Yongxin; Kappler, Andreas

2015-09-01

Much interest exists in finding mineralogical, organic, morphological, or isotopic biosignatures for Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) that are retained in Fe-rich sediments, which could indicate the activity of these organisms in Fe-rich seawater, more common in the Precambrian Era. To date, the effort to establish a clear Fe isotopic signature in Fe minerals produced by Fe(II)-oxidizing metabolisms has been thwarted by the large kinetic fractionation incurred as freshly oxidized aqueous Fe(III) rapidly precipitates as Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide minerals at near neutral pH. The Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide minerals resulting from abiotic Fe(II) oxidation are isotopically heavy compared to the Fe(II) precursor and are not clearly distinguishable from minerals formed by FeOB isotopically. However, in marine hydrothermal systems and Fe(II)-rich springs the minerals formed are often isotopically lighter than expected considering the fraction of Fe(II) that has been oxidized and experimentally-determined fractionation factors. We measured the Fe isotopic composition of aqueous Fe (Feaq) and the final Fe mineral (Feppt) produced in batch experiment using the marine Fe(II)-oxidizing phototroph Rhodovulum iodosum. The δ56Feaq data are best described by a kinetic fractionation model, while the evolution of δ56Feppt appears to be controlled by a separate fractionation process. We propose that soluble Fe(III), and Fe(II) and Fe(III) extracted from the Feppt may act as intermediates between Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation. Based on 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and X-ray total scattering, we suggests these Fe phases, collectively Fe(II/III)interm, may consist of organic-ligand bound, sorbed, and/or colloidal Fe(II) and Fe(III) mineral phases that are isotopically lighter than the final Fe(III) mineral product. Similar intermediate phases, formed in response to organic carbon produced by FeOB and inorganic

Precipitation-fire linkages in Indonesia (1997-2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fanin, Thierry; van der Werf, Guido R.

2017-09-01

Over the past decades, fires have burned annually in Indonesia, yet the strength of the fire season is for a large part modulated by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The two most recent very strong El Niño years were 2015 and 1997. Both years involved high incidences of fire in Indonesia. At present, there is no consistent satellite data stream spanning the full 19-year record, thereby complicating a comparison between these two fire seasons. We have investigated how various fire and precipitation datasets can be merged to better compare the fire dynamics in 1997 and 2015 as well as in intermediary years. We combined nighttime active fire detections from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) World Fire Atlas (WFA) available from 1997 until 2012 and the nighttime subset of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor from 2001 until now. For the overlapping period, MODIS detected about 4 times more fires than ATSR, but this ratio varied spatially. Although the reasons behind this spatial variability remain unclear, the coefficient of determination for the overlapping period was high (R2 = 0. 97, based on monthly data) and allowed for a consistent time series. We then constructed a rainfall time series based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP, 1997-2015) and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Project (TRMM, 1998-2015). Relations between antecedent rainfall and fire activity were not uniform in Indonesia. In southern Sumatra and Kalimantan, we found that 120 days of rainfall accumulation had the highest coefficient of determination with annual fire intensity. In northern Sumatra, this period was only 30 days. Thresholds of 200 and 305 mm average rainfall accumulation before each active fire were identified to generate a high-incidence fire year in southern Sumatra and southern Kalimantan, respectively. The number of active fires detected in 1997 was 2.2 times higher than in 2015. Assuming the ratio between

Drug and alcohol testing results : 1997 annual report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

The Drug and Alcohol Testing Results 1997 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit drug and alcohol testing reported by transit systems in the United States during 1997. The report covers testing results for the following drug type...

[Published papers in biomedicine from Argentina. Data on clinical research].

PubMed

Kotsias, Basilio A

2011-01-01

The aim of this paper was to provide quantitative data about clinical investigation in Argentina. We searched MEDLINE which is the U.S. National Library of Medicine's bibliographic database that contains more than 18 million references to journal articles in life sciences; 5400 journals in 39 languages are listed. In 2009 almost 850,000 papers were cited in MEDLINE and Argentina provided 0.33% of them, 90% of these in English. The number of papers published in Spanish is diminishing every year and similar results are observed with the German, French and other languages. Using the tools provided by MEDLINE we searched for papers that could be classified as clinical. We restricted our search to the word "patients" in the text and "hospital" in the address provided by the authors. Along the last 10 years, from 2000 to 2009, about 16% of the papers published from Argentina contain the word "patient" and this percentage is reduced to half if we combine the word "patient" with the word "hospital" in the address. If we search for papers written in Spanish with these two restrictions the number is much lower. The number of articles from Argentina followed the upward trend in the total of articles cited in MEDLINE in the last 10 years. This local increase was due to basic investigation papers because the percentage of clinical articles was relatively constant during these years. In conclusion, these data provide a survey of an area with scanty quantitative information.

Tunnel Magneto Resistance of Fe/Insulator/Fe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aryee, Dennis; Seifu, Dereje

Tri-layer thin films of Fe/Insulator/Fe were synthesized using magnetron DC/ RF sputtering with MgO insulator and Bi2Te3 topological insulators as middle buffer layer. The multi-layered samples thus produced were studied using in-house built magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) instrument, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), torque magnetometer (TMM), AFM, MFM, and magneto-resistance (MR). This system, that is Fe/Insulator/Fe on MgO(100) substrate, is a well-known tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) structure often used in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices. TMR effect is a method by which MTJs are used in developing magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM), magnetic sensors, and novel logic devices. The main purpose behind this research is to measure the magnetic anisotropy of Fe/Insulator /Fe structure and correlate it to magneto-resistance. In this presentation, we will present results from MOKE, VSM, TMM, AFM, MFM, and MR studies of Fe/Insulator/Fe on MgO(100). We would like to acknowledge support by NSF-MRI-DMR-1337339.

Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains, United States, 1997-2001.

PubMed

Gupta, Amita; Nelson, Jennifer M; Barrett, Timothy J; Tauxe, Robert V; Rossiter, Shannon P; Friedman, Cindy R; Joyce, Kevin W; Smith, Kirk E; Jones, Timothy F; Hawkins, Marguerite A; Shiferaw, Belershacew; Beebe, James L; Vugia, Duc J; Rabatsky-Ehr, Terry; Benson, James A; Root, Timothy P; Angulo, Frederick J

2004-06-01

We summarize antimicrobial resistance surveillance data in human and chicken isolates of Campylobacter. Isolates were from a sentinel county study from 1989 through 1990 and from nine state health departments participating in National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for enteric bacteria (NARMS) from 1997 through 2001. None of the 297 C. jejuni or C. coli isolates tested from 1989 through 1990 was ciprofloxacin-resistant. From 1997 through 2001, a total of 1,553 human Campylobacter isolates were characterized: 1,471 (95%) were C. jejuni, 63 (4%) were C. coli, and 19 (1%) were other Campylobacter species. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was 13% (28 of 217) in 1997 and 19% (75 of 384) in 2001; erythromycin resistance was 2% (4 of 217) in 1997 and 2% (8 of 384) in 2001. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was isolated from 10% of 180 chicken products purchased from grocery stores in three states in 1999. Ciprofloxacin resistance has emerged among Campylobacter since 1990 and has increased in prevalence since 1997.

Management of Citrus Canker in Argentina, a Success Story.

PubMed

Canteros, B I; Gochez, A M; Moschini, R C

2017-10-01

Citrus canker is an important bacterial disease of citrus in several regions of the world. Strains of Xanthomonas citri type-A (Xc-A) group are the primary pathogen where citrus canker occurs. After Xc-A entered the Northeast of Argentina in 1974, the disease spread rapidly from 1977 to 1980 and then slowed down and remained moving at slow pace until 1990 when it became endemic. Citrus canker was detected in Northwest Argentina in 2002. This paper presents the main steps in the fight of the disease and the management strategies that have been used to control citrus canker at this time. We think the process might be usefull to other countries with the same situation. Results from more than 40 years of research in Northeast (NE) Argentina indicate that we are at the limit of favorable environment for the disease. The severity of citrus canker is greatly affected by the environment and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon which causes cyclic fluctuations on the disease intensity in the NE region. Weather-based logistic regression models adjusted to quantify disease levels in field conditions showed that the environmental effect was strongly modulated by the distance from a windbreak. Production of healthy fruits in citrus canker endemic areas is possible knowing the dynamics of the disease. A voluntary Integrated Plan to Reduce the Risk of Canker has been in place since 1994 and it allows growers to export unsymptomatic, uninfested fresh fruit to countries which are free of the disease and require healthy, pathogen free fruits. The experience from Argentina can be replicated in other countries after appropriate trials.

Management of Citrus Canker in Argentina, a Success Story

PubMed Central

Canteros, B. I.; Gochez, A. M.; Moschini, R. C.

2017-01-01

Citrus canker is an important bacterial disease of citrus in several regions of the world. Strains of Xanthomonas citri type-A (Xc-A) group are the primary pathogen where citrus canker occurs. After Xc-A entered the Northeast of Argentina in 1974, the disease spread rapidly from 1977 to 1980 and then slowed down and remained moving at slow pace until 1990 when it became endemic. Citrus canker was detected in Northwest Argentina in 2002. This paper presents the main steps in the fight of the disease and the management strategies that have been used to control citrus canker at this time. We think the process might be usefull to other countries with the same situation. Results from more than 40 years of research in Northeast (NE) Argentina indicate that we are at the limit of favorable environment for the disease. The severity of citrus canker is greatly affected by the environment and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon which causes cyclic fluctuations on the disease intensity in the NE region. Weather-based logistic regression models adjusted to quantify disease levels in field conditions showed that the environmental effect was strongly modulated by the distance from a windbreak. Production of healthy fruits in citrus canker endemic areas is possible knowing the dynamics of the disease. A voluntary Integrated Plan to Reduce the Risk of Canker has been in place since 1994 and it allows growers to export unsymptomatic, uninfested fresh fruit to countries which are free of the disease and require healthy, pathogen free fruits. The experience from Argentina can be replicated in other countries after appropriate trials. PMID:29018307

Argentina wheat yield model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Callis, S. L.; Sakamoto, C.

1984-01-01

Five models based on multiple regression were developed to estimate wheat yields for the five wheat growing provinces of Argentina. Meteorological data sets were obtained for each province by averaging data for stations within each province. Predictor variables for the models were derived from monthly total precipitation, average monthly mean temperature, and average monthly maximum temperature. Buenos Aires was the only province for which a trend variable was included because of increasing trend in yield due to technology from 1950 to 1963.

Argentina corn yield model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Callis, S. L.; Sakamoto, C.

1984-01-01

A model based on multiple regression was developed to estimate corn yields for the country of Argentina. A meteorological data set was obtained for the country by averaging data for stations within the corn-growing area. Predictor variables for the model were derived from monthly total precipitation, average monthly mean temperature, and average monthly maximum temperature. A trend variable was included for the years 1965 to 1980 since an increasing trend in yields due to technology was observed between these years.

Director's Discretionary Fund Report for Fiscal Year 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

This technical memorandum contains brief technical papers describing research and technology development programs sponsored by the Ames Research Center Director's Discretionary Fund during fiscal year 1997 (October 1996 through September 1997). Appendices provide administrative information for each of the sponsored research programs.

Acid fluids from Copahue Volcano, Argentina, and their environmental effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varekamp, J. C.; Kading, T.

2010-12-01

The acid hydrothermal system of Copahue volcano (province of Neuquen, Argentina) consists of a crater lake, acid hot springs (both with pH values of <1 to 2) and a severely acidified fluvial-lake system, with the voluminous Lake Caviahue (0.5 km3; pH 2.2 - 3). Annual measurements of river water fluxes and water compositions and vertical lake water profiles provide a 12 year record of geochemical evolution of the system. Copahue erupted in 2000, and the hydrothermal dissolved element fluxes peaked at that time. Since 2001, the K and Al fluxes have decreased notably as a result of alunite saturation within the hydrothermal system, whereas over the last few years redissolution of that alunite has led to increases in K and Al discharges. The fluxes of Mg and Fe have remained high over time, while the overall system has become more dilute since 2000. Once the distal downstream system reached pH values of 2.9-3.2, the mineral Schwertmannite started to precipitate through a bacterially mediated pathway. The precipitation front gradually moved upstream with ongoing dilution, and reached the exit of Lake Caviahue in 2009. The lake bottom waters were already saturated with the mineral at that time, and if this trend continues, the currently clear blue lake may turn into a bright yellow-brown mass of Schwertmannite over the next few years. Schwertmannite is common in acid mine drainage fluids but has not often been described from volcanic environments. It strongly adsorbs oxyanions (or structurally incorporates them) and the precipitates contain up to 6000 ppm P, 1100 ppm V and 1000 ppm As. The Schwertmannite appears to convert to goethite-like minerals over time, although the exact stoichiometry has been difficult to constrain (variable mixtures of FeOOH and Fe8O8(OH)6SO4 nH2O). The oxyanions appear to remain in the mineral mix during aging. If Lake Caviahue becomes a focus of Schwertmannite deposition, the precipitates will scavenge As, P and V from the watercolumn and

jsc2004e47551

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-24

JSC2004-E-47551 (24 October 2004) --- Astronaut Edward M. (Mike) Fincke, NASA International Space Station (ISS) science officer and flight engineer, is interviewed for the video phone by astronaut Peggy Whitson, Expedition 5 flight engineer, after the successful landing in the Soyuz spacecraft with fellow crew members cosmonaut Gennady I. Padalka, Russia’s Federal Space Agency Expedition 9 commander, and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin. The crew landed approximately 85 kilometers northeast of Arkalyk in northern Kazakhstan on October 24, 2004. Photo Credit: "NASA/Bill Ingalls"

State-Based Curriculum Work and Curriculum-Making: Norway's "Laereplanverket 1997"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sivesind, Kirsten; Westbury, Ian

2016-01-01

This case study of the development of the Norwegian compulsory school curriculum of 1997, "Laereplanverket 1997," parallels a study of the development of the "Illinois Learning Standards" of 1997. The pair of case studies is designed to explore the administration of state-based curriculum-making and, in particular, the use in…

First International Symposium, Uniportal VATS-International Course Uniportal VATS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PubMed

Bondulich, Gustavo J

2018-01-01

This is a report of the first three days Uniportal VATS International Meeting. The conference included oral presentations at the Universidad Catolica Argentina (UCA), on the first day. Live Surgery from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, China, and Clinica San Camilo. Bs As, Argentina on the second day and a Wet lab in Fundación Triada Mininvasiva, Fatima Pilar on the final day.

Georgia's forests, 1997

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson; Larry W. Thompson

2002-01-01

Since 1989, area of timberland in Georgia increased by less than 1 percent and in 1997 totaled 23.8 million acres. Nonindustrial private forest owners controlled 72 percent of the State's timberland. Volume of softwood growing stock declined 3 percent, whereas hardwood growing-stock volume increased 7 percent to 16.5 billion cubic feet. Net annual growth for...

Abortion surveillance--United States, 1997.

PubMed

Koonin, L M; Strauss, L T; Chrisman, C E; Parker, W Y

2000-12-08

In 1969, CDC began abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions, to monitor unintended pregnancy, and to assist efforts to identify and reduce preventable causes of morbidity and mortality associated with abortions. This report summarizes and reviews information reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained in the United States in 1997. For each year since 1969, CDC has compiled abortion data by state where the abortion occurred. The data are received from 52 reporting areas in the United States: 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City. In 1997, a total of 1,186,039 legal abortions were reported to CDC, representing a 3% decrease from the number reported for 1996. The abortion ratio was 306 legal induced abortions per 1,000 live births, and since 1995, the abortion rate has remained at 20 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years. The availability of information about characteristics of women who obtained an abortion in 1997 varied by state and by the number of states reporting each characteristic. The total number of legal induced abortions by state is reported by state of residence and state of occurrence; characteristics of women obtaining abortions in 1997 are reported by state of occurrence. Women who were undergoing an abortion were more likely to be young (i.e., aged < 25 years), white, and unmarried; approximately one half were obtaining an abortion for the first time. More than one half of all abortions for which gestational age was reported (55%) were performed at < or = 8 weeks of gestation, and 88% were performed before 13 weeks. Overall, 18% of abortions were performed at the earliest weeks of gestation (< or = 6 weeks), 18% at 7 weeks of gestation, and 20% at 8 weeks of gestation. From 1992 through 1997, increases have occurred in the percentage of abortions performed at the very early weeks of gestation. Few abortions were provided after 15 weeks of gestation--4% of

Especies del género Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) invadiendo ambientes naturales y seminaturales en Argentina

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Tamarix species (Tamaricaceae) invading natural and seminatural habitats in Argentina. The genus Tamarix includes species behaving as aggressive invaders in the USA, México and Australia. Previous studies report a variable number of species of this genus cultivated in Argentina as ornamentals,wind-b...

DNA fragmentation induced by Fe ions in human cells: shielding influence on spatially correlated damage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antonelli, F.; Belli, M.; Campa, A.; Chatterjee, A.; Dini, V.; Esposito, G.; Rydberg, B.; Simone, G.; Tabocchini, M. A.

2004-01-01

Outside the magnetic field of the Earth, high energy heavy ions constitute a relevant part of the biologically significant dose to astronauts during the very long travels through space. The typical pattern of energy deposition in the matter by heavy ions on the microscopic scale is believed to produce spatially correlated damage in the DNA which is critical for radiobiological effects. We have investigated the influence of a lucite shielding on the initial production of very small DNA fragments in human fibroblasts irradiated with 1 GeV/u iron (Fe) ions. We also used gamma rays as reference radiation. Our results show: (1) a lower effect per incident ion when the shielding is used; (2) an higher DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) induction by Fe ions than by gamma rays in the size range 1-23 kbp; (3) a non-random DNA DSB induction by Fe ions. c2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Human papillomavirus cervical infection and associated risk factors in a region of Argentina with a high incidence of cervical carcinoma.

PubMed Central

Tonon, S A; Picconi, M A; Zinovich, J B; Liotta, D J; Bos, P D; Galuppo, J A; Alonio, L V; Ferreras, J A; Teyssié, A R

1999-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infection among women residing in a region of northeastern Argentina with a high incidence of cervical cancer. METHODS: A case-control study of 330 women participating in a cervical cytological screening program conducted in Posadas city, Misiones, Argentina, from February 1997 to November 1998 was carried out. Standardized questionnaires were administered, and clinical examination including colposcopy was performed. Fresh endocervical specimens for HPV DNA detection by generic polymerase chain reaction were collected and the products typed by dot-blot hybridization. RESULTS: Human papillomavirus DNA was found in 61% of samples analyzed (185/301). Samples with normal cytology had a 43% infection rate (85/199), while those classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and invasive cervical carcinoma had an infection rate of 96% (53/55), 100% (29/29), and 100% (18/18), respectively. Human papillomavirus typing showed a 64% (118/185) prevalence of type 16 among all the infected population analyzed; type 16 was detected among 49% (42/85) of infected samples with normal cytology and in an average of 74% (74/100) with abnormal cytology. Sexual behavior, residence in southern Paraguay, and history of a previous sexually transmitted diseases were the main risk factors associated with high-grade cervical lesions. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated prevalence of HPV infection was detected in this population, which also has a high incidence of cervical cancer. The broad distribution of high-risk HPV type 16 in women with normal cytology and colposcopy suggests that viral infection is an important determinant of regional cancer incidence. PMID:10524669

A widening gap? The political and social organization of childcare in Argentina.

PubMed

Faur, Eleonor

2011-01-01

This article examines how social policies and programmes implemented in Argentina shape the political and social organization of childcare. The author seeks to analyse how welfare institutions are currently responding to emerging needs, and to what extent they facilitate the defamilialization of childcare for different social classes. Because Argentina lacks a truly unified ‘care policy’, four different kinds of facilities and programmes are examined: employment-based childcare services; pre-school schemes; social assistance care services; and poverty reduction strategies. It is argued that far from offering equal rights and services with a universalist cast, these ‘caring’ institutions reflect the ethos of the current welfare model in Argentina: a fragmented set of social policies based on different assumptions for different social groups, which in turn filter down to the social organization of childcare.

The Incredible Diversity of Fe-bearing Phases at Gusev Crater, Mars, According to the Mars Exploration Rover Moessbauer Spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, R. V.; Klingelhoefer, G.; Schroeder, C.; Rodionov, D. S.; Ming, D. W.; Yen, A.

2006-01-01

The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit landed on the plains of Gusev Crater on 4 January 2004. One primary scientific objective for the mission is to characterize the mineralogical and elemental composition of surface materials, searching for evidence of water and clues for assessing past and current climates and their suitability for life [1]. The role of the Moessbauer (MB) spectrometer on Spirit is to provide quantitative information about the distribution of Fe among its oxidation and coordination states, identification of Fe-bearing phases, and relative distribution of Fe among those phases. The speciation and distribution of Fe in Martian rock and soil constrains the primary rock types, redox conditions under which primary minerals crystallized, the extent of alteration and weathering, the type of alteration and weathering products, and the processes and environmental conditions for alteration and weathering. In this abstract, we discuss the incredible diversity of Fe-bearing phases detected by Spirit s MB instrument during its first 540 sols of exploration at Gusev crater [2,3].

Nuclear rapprochement in Argentina and Brazil: Workshop summary

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

James E. Doyle

1999-10-01

On October 21 and 22, 1998, the Center for International Security Affairs at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Center for Global Security and Cooperation at Science Applications International Corporation hosted the first of a series of work-shops on states that have chosen to roll back their pursuit of nuclear arms. The objective of the workshop series is to conduct a systematic evaluation of the roles played by U.S. nonproliferation policy in cases of nuclear rollback or restraint and to provide recommendations for future nonproliferation efforts based on lessons learned. Key attendees at the workshop included officials and former officialsmore » from the foreign ministries of Argentina and Brazil, and current and former officials from the U.S. Department of State, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), and the Department of Energy (DOE). Scholars and independent researchers who have examined nuclear policy in Argentina and Brazil also participated. This workshop report includes important background information that helps set the stage for assessing nuclear policies in Argentina and Brazil. It describes national perspectives and areas of consensus and debate among the participants, particularly on the questions of lessons learned and their salience to proliferation challenges in other states. It also summarizes key questions and propositions regarding the roles played in these cases by U.S. nonproliferation policy.« less

Assessment of the SWAT model to simulate a watershed with limited available data in the Pampas region, Argentina.

PubMed

Romagnoli, Martín; Portapila, Margarita; Rigalli, Alfredo; Maydana, Gisela; Burgués, Martín; García, Carlos M

2017-10-15

Argentina has been among the world leaders in the production and export of agricultural products since the 1990s. The Carcarañá River Lower Basin (CRLB), a cropland of the Pampas region supplied by extensive rainfall, is located in an area with few streamgauging and other hydrologic/water-quality stations. Therefore, limited hydrologic data are available resulting in limited water-resources assessment. This work explores the application of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to the CRLB in the Santa Fe province of the Pampas region. The analysis of field and remote-sensing data characterizing hydrology, water quality, soil types, land use/land cover, management practices, and crop yield, guarantee a comprehensive SWAT modeling approach. A combined manual and automated calibration and validation process incorporating sensitivity and uncertainty analysis is performed using information concerning interior watershed processes. Eleven N/P fertilizer rates are selected to simulate the impact of N fertilizer on crop yield, plant uptake, as well as runoff and leaching losses. Different indices (partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency, apparent crop recovery efficiency of applied nutrient, internal utilization efficiency, and physiological efficiency) are considered to assess nitrogen-use efficiency. The overall quality of the fit is satisfactory considering the input data limitations. This work provides, for the first time in Argentina, a reliable tool to simulate yield response to soil quality and water availability capable to meet defined environmental targets to support decision making on planning public policies and private activities on the Pampas region. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The New School Movement in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carli, Sandra

2006-01-01

This article aims to present some interpretations on the development of the new school movement in Argentina, with special focus on its relationship with the cultural modernization processes and with the political currents of the 1920s and 1930s, on its elements of continuity and differentiation with regard to the pedagogic tradition of normal…

Notes on Literacy, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Notes on Literacy, 1997

1997-01-01

The 1997 volume of "Notes on Literacy," numbers 1-4, includes the following articles: "Community Based Literacy, Burkina Faso"; "The Acquisition of a Second Writing System"; "Appropriate Methodology and Social Context"; "Literacy Megacourse Offered"; "Fitting in with Local Assumptions about…

Indiana crash facts 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

Indiana Crash Facts 1997...is the fifth annual publication : of Indiana Crash Facts. This year significant changes have been made : to the book, including the consolidation of the Alcohol Crash Facts and : the Crash Facts book into one publication. A...

Strong 3D and 1D magnetism in hexagonal Fe-chalcogenides FeS and FeSe vs. weak magnetism in hexagonal FeTe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parker, David S.

2017-06-13

We present a comparative theoretical study of the hexagonal forms of the Fe-chalcogenides FeS, FeSe and FeTe with their better known tetragonal forms. While the tetragonal forms exhibit only an incipient antiferromagnetism and experimentally show superconductivity when doped, the hexagonal forms of FeS and FeSe display a robust magnetism. We show that this strong magnetism arises from a van Hove singularity associated with the direct Fe-Fe c-axis chains in the generally more three-dimensional NiAs structure. We also find that hexagonal FeTe is much less magnetic than the other two hexagonal materials, so that unconventional magnetically-mediated superconductivity is possible, although amore » large T c value is unlikely.« less

The Remarkable 2003--2004 Winter and Other Recent Warm Winters in the Arctic Stratosphere Since the Late 1990s

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manney, Gloria L.; Kruger, Kirstin; Sabutis, Joseph L.; Sena, Sara Amina; Pawson, Steven

2005-01-01

The 2003-2004 Arctic winter was remarkable in the approximately 50-year record of meteorological analyses. A major warming beginning in early January 2004 led to nearly 2 months of vortex disruption with high-latitude easterlies in the middle to lower stratosphere. The upper stratospheric vortex broke up in late December, but began to recover by early January, and in February and March was the strongest since regular observations began in 1979. The lower stratospheric vortex broke up in late January. Comparison with 2 previous years, 1984-1985 and 1986-1987, with prolonged midwinter warming periods shows unique characteristics of the 2003-2004 warming period: The length of the vortex disruption, the strong and rapid recovery in the upper stratosphere, and the slow progression of the warming from upper to lower stratosphere. January 2004 zonal mean winds in the middle and lower stratosphere were over 2 standard deviations below average. Examination of past variability shows that the recent frequency of major stratospheric warmings (7 in the past 6 years) is unprecedented. Lower stratospheric temperatures were unusually high during 6 of the past 7 years, with 5 having much lower than usual potential for polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation and ozone loss (nearly none in 1998-1999, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004, and very little in 1997-1998 and 2000-2001). Middle and upper stratospheric temperatures, however, were unusually low during and after February. The pattern of 5 of the last 7 years with very low PSC potential would be expected to occur randomly once every 850 years. This cluster of warm winters, immediately following a period of unusually cold winters, may have important implications for possible changes in interannual variability and for determination and attribution of trends in stratospheric temperatures and ozone.

The Remarkable 2003-2004 Winter and Other Recent Warm Winters in the Arctic Stratosphere Since the Late 1990s

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manney, Gloria L.; Krueger, Kirstin; Sabutis, Joseph L.; Sena, Sara Amina; Pawson, Steven

2004-01-01

The 2003-2004 Arctic winter was remarkable in the 40-year record of meteorological analyses. A major warming beginning in early January 2004 led to nearly two months of vortex disruption with high-latitude easterlies in the middle to lower stratosphere. The upper stratospheric vortex broke up in late December, but began to recover by early January, and in February and March was the strongest since regular observations began in 1979. The lower stratospheric vortex broke up in late January. Comparison with two previous years, 1984-1985 and 1986-1987, with prolonged mid-winter warming periods shows unique characteristics of the 2003-2004 warming period: The length of the vortex disruption, the strong and rapid recovery in the upper stratosphere, and the slow progression of the warming from upper to lower stratosphere. January 2004 zonal mean winds in the middle and lower stratosphere were over two standard deviations below average. Examination of past variability shows that the recent frequency of major stratospheric warmings (seven in the past six years) is unprecedented. Lower stratospheric temperatures were unusually high during six of the past seven years, with five having much lower than usual potential for PSC formation and ozone loss (nearly none in 1998-1999, 2001-2002 and 2003-2004, and very little in 1997-1998 and 2000-2001). Middle and upper stratospheric temperatures, however, were unusually low during and after February. The pattern of five of the last seven years with very low PSC potential would be expected to occur randomly once every approximately 850 years. This cluster of warm winters, immediately following a period of unusually cold winters, may have important implications for possible changes in interannual variability and for determination and attribution of trends in stratospheric temperatures and ozone.

Trends in death rates among U.S. adults with and without diabetes between 1997 and 2006: findings from the National Health Interview Survey.

PubMed

Gregg, Edward W; Cheng, Yiling J; Saydah, Sharon; Cowie, Catherine; Garfield, Sanford; Geiss, Linda; Barker, Lawrence

2012-06-01

To determine whether all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates declined between 1997 and 2006, a period of continued advances in treatment approaches and risk factor control, among U.S. adults with and without diabetes. We compared 3-year death rates of four consecutive nationally representative samples (1997-1998, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004) of U.S. adults aged 18 years and older using data from the National Health Interview Surveys linked to National Death Index. Among diabetic adults, the CVD death rate declined by 40% (95% CI 23-54) and all-cause mortality declined by 23% (10-35) between the earliest and latest samples. There was no difference in the rates of decline in mortality between diabetic men and women. The excess CVD mortality rate associated with diabetes (i.e., compared with nondiabetic adults) decreased by 60% (from 5.8 to 2.3 CVD deaths per 1,000) while the excess all-cause mortality rate declined by 44% (from 10.8 to 6.1 deaths per 1,000). Death rates among both U.S. men and women with diabetes declined substantially between 1997 and 2006, reducing the absolute difference between adults with and without diabetes. These encouraging findings, however, suggest that diabetes prevalence is likely to rise in the future if diabetes incidence is not curtailed.

2004 SHOPP : State Highway Operation and Protection Program : 2004/05 through 2007/08.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-04-01

The 2004 SHOPP is a four-year program of projects for fiscal years 2004/05 through 2007/08, that have a purpose of collision reduction, bridge preservation, roadway preservation, roadside preservation, mobility or facilities related to the state high...

76 FR 74044 - Honey From Argentina: Final Results of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-30

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812] Honey From Argentina: Final...) published its preliminary results of the 2009-2010 new shipper review of the antidumping duty order on honey... Preliminary Results. \\1\\ See Honey From Argentina: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review...

Influence of FeEDDS, FeEDTA, FeDTPA, FeEDDHA, and FeSO4 on Marigold Growth and Nutrition, and Substrate and Runoff Chemistry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Objectives of the study were to determine effects of Fe source on plant growth, plant nutrition, substrate chemistry and runoff chemistry. Iron source (FS) treatments consisted of Fe-aminopolycarboxylic acid (APCA) complexones iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeEDTA), iron [S, S']-ethylenediam...

Work-related amputations in Michigan, 1997.

PubMed

Stanbury, Martha; Reilly, Mary Jo; Rosenman, Kenneth D

2003-10-01

Work-related amputations are of concern in Michigan and nationally. This study reports on 1 year of data on work-related amputations, which were treated in Michigan hospital emergency departments (ED) or as in-patients in Michigan. Michigan hospitals provided face sheets and discharge summaries of in-patient and ED visits for work-related amputations that occurred in 1997. Information was also obtained about worksite inspections associated with reported amputations from the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act (MIOSHA) program. Data from this study and from Michigan workers compensation were used to generate an estimate of the true numbers of work-related amputations in Michigan in 1997. Three hundred thirty-nine work-related amputations were identified by hospitals. Powered saws and power presses were the leading sources of injury. MIOSHA completed 30 enforcement inspections related to these amputations. Our best estimate of the total numbers of work-related amputations in 1997 for Michigan was 693, of which 562 resulted in hospitalization or ED treatment. In-patient and ED records provided information for identifying high risk groups and problem worksites in Michigan. Estimates generated from these data underscore that data on work-related amputations released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which reported 440 amputations in 1997, are a significant undercount--only 64%--of the true number of cases. Better integration of public health data into OSHA enforcement activity is needed. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

NREL photovoltaic program FY 1997 annual report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McConnell, R.D.; Hansen, A.; Smoller, S.

1998-06-01

This report summarizes the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R and D) activities under the NREL PV Program from October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997 (FY 1997). The NREL PV Program is part of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program Plan for 1996--2000. The FY 1997 budget authority for carrying out the NREL PV Program was $39.3 million in operating funds and $0.4 million in capital equipment funds. Subcontract activities represent a major part of the NREL PV Program, with $21.8 million (55% of PV funds) goingmore » to some 84 subcontractors. Cost sharing by industry added almost $8.8 million to the subcontract R and D activities with industry.« less

Trends in overweight and obesity in Lebanon: evidence from two national cross-sectional surveys (1997 and 2009)

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Even though the obesity epidemic continues to grow in various parts of the world, recent reports have highlighted disparities in obesity trends across countries. There is little empirical evidence on the development and growth of obesity in Lebanon and other countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Acknowledging the need for effective obesity preventive measures and for accurate assessment of trends in the obesity epidemic, this study aims at examining and analyzing secular trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity over a 12-year period in Lebanon. Methods Based on weight and height measurements obtained from two national cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1997 and 2009 on subjects 6 years of age and older, BMI was calculated and the prevalence of obesity was determined based on BMI for adults and BMI z-scores for children and adolescents, according to WHO criteria. Age -and sex- adjusted odds ratios for overweight and obesity were determined, with the 1997 year as the referent category. Annual rates of change in obesity prevalence per sex and age group were also calculated. Results The study samples included a total of 2004 subjects in the 1997 survey and 3636 in the 2009 survey. Compared to 1997, mean BMI values were significantly higher in 2009 among all age and sex groups, except for 6–9 year old children. Whereas the prevalence of overweight appeared stable over the study period in both 6–19 year old subjects (20.0% vs. 21.2%) and adults aged 20 years and above (37.0% vs. 36.8%), the prevalence of obesity increased significantly (7.3% vs. 10.9% in 6–19 year olds; 17.4% vs. 28.2% in adults), with the odds of obesity being 2 times higher in 2009 compared to 1997, in both age groups (OR = 1.96, 95% CI:1.29-2.97 and OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.67-2.43, respectively). The annual rates of change in obesity prevalence ranged between +4.1% in children and adolescents and +5.2% in adults. Conclusion The study’s findings highlight an

The future of the history of psychology in Argentina and Brazil.

PubMed

Klappenbach, Hugo; Jacó-Vilela, Ana Maria

2016-08-01

This article analyzes the development of the history of psychology in Argentina and Brazil, beginning with the emergence of the history of psychology at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper analyzes that such old historical reconstructions were written by the same authors or institutions that were introducing Psychology in the two countries. That is, the older historical productions in the field of psychology were Whig biased. An analysis of the last 30 years of history of psychology is also provided. The article describes institutional developments, including archives, journals, scientific meetings, and teaching of history of psychology in academic settings. Main groups devoted to history of psychology, both in Argentina and Brazil are described. Finally, it offers some thoughts on the future of history of psychology in the 2 countries. A comparative study between Argentina and Brazil allows to understand strengths and weakness related to institutionalization of History of Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Isolation of yellow fever virus from mosquitoes in Misiones province, Argentina.

PubMed

Goenaga, Silvina; Fabbri, Cintia; Dueñas, Juan Climaco Rondan; Gardenal, Cristina Noemí; Rossi, Gustavo Carlos; Calderon, Gladys; Morales, Maria Alejandra; Garcia, Jorge Braulio; Enria, Delia Alcira; Levis, Silvana

2012-11-01

Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to tropical regions of South America and Africa. From 2007 to 2009 an important epidemic/epizootic of YF was detected in different populations of howler monkeys (Alouatta species) in Misiones, a northeastern Argentinian province. Yellow fever virus (YFV) infection was researched and documented by laboratory tests in humans and in dead Alouatta carayá. The objective of that research was to investigate the circulation of YFV in mosquitoes, which could be implicated in the sylvatic transmission of YF in Argentina. The above-mentioned mosquitoes were captured in the same geographical region where the epizootic took place. A YFV strain was isolated in cell culture from pools of Sabethes albiprivus. This study is not only the first isolation of YFV from mosquitoes in Argentina, but it is also the first YFV isolation reported in the species Sabethes albiprivus, suggesting that this species might be playing a key role in sylvatic YF in Argentina.

Clinton delivers bare bones plan for 1997 budget

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carlowicz, Michael

1996-02-01

Congress and the White House have yet to finish negotiating and haggling over the U.S. federal budget for 1996, but the calendar and the law say that they ought to start thinking about 1997. On February 5, President Bill Clinton issued a preliminary budget plan for 1997 that reflected his fiscal priorities as they were last stated in January, before budget talks with congressional Republicans broke down. Required by law to propose a spending plan by the first Monday in February, Clinton delivered to Congress what he termed a "thematic document," one that gives a minimally detailed outline of how the federal government should spend the taxpayers' money in 1997.

Varicella Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Argentina, 2002

PubMed Central

Dayan, Gustavo H.; Panero, María S.; Debbag, Roberto; Urquiza, Ana; Molina, Marta; Prieto, Susana; del Carmen Perego, María; Scagliotti, Graciela; Galimberti, Diana; Carroli, Guillermo; Wolff, Cristina; Schmid, D. Scott; Loparev, Vladimir; Guris, Dalya; Seward, Jane

2004-01-01

There is limited data on immunity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in adults in different parts of Argentina, and it is not known which VZV strains are circulating in Argentina. The objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to evaluate seroprevalence of varicella among adults, assessing the accuracy of clinical history and determining the sociodemographic factors associated with seropositivity; and (ii) to determine the VZV strains circulating in Argentina. A cross-sectional serological survey enrolling 2,807 women aged 15 to 49 years attending public health-care settings in four cities in Argentina (i.e., Buenos Aires, Salta, Mendoza, and Rosario) and one rural area was conducted from August to November 2002. Specimens for identification of VZV strains were obtained from vesicular lesions from 13 pediatric patients with varicella from different areas of the country. PCR amplification was used for genotyping. The overall seroprevalence of varicella antibodies was 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 98.0 to 98.9), ranging from 97.2% in central Buenos Aires to 99.3% in southern Buenos Aires and Salta. Varicella seroprevalence increased with age. Crowding and length of residence in the same place were associated with seropositivity. The positive predictive value of varicella history for immunity to varicella was 99.4%; however, the negative predictive value was 2.5%. The European genotype was identified in all viral specimens. In Argentina, seroprevalence in women more than 15 years old was high regardless of the area of residence. Negative or uncertain varicella history was not a good predictor of immunity. VZV genotype was stable in all areas of the country. PMID:15583301

Education in acoustics in Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyara, Federico

2002-11-01

Over the last decades, education in acoustics (EA) in Argentina has experienced ups and downs due to economic and political issues interfering with long term projects. Unlike other countries, like Chile, where EA has reached maturity in spite of the acoustical industry having shown little development, Argentina has several well-established manufacturers of acoustic materials and equipment but no specific career with a major in acoustics. At the university level, acoustics is taught as a complementary--often elective--course for careers such as architecture, communication engineering, or music. In spite of this there are several research centers with programs covering environmental and community noise, effects of noise on man, acoustic signal processing, musical acoustics and acoustic emission, and several national and international meetings are held each year in which results are communicated and discussed. Several books on a variety of topics such as sound system, architectural acoustics, and noise control have been published as well. Another chapter in EA is technical and vocational education, ranging between secondary and postsecondary levels, with technical training on sound system operation or design. Over the last years there have been several attempts to implement master degrees in acoustics or audio engineering, with little or no success.

Child Support Report, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharman, Phil, Ed.

1997-01-01

This document consists of the twelve issues of "Child Support Report" newsletter published during 1997. Monthly issues typically explore problems related to child support enforcement, report on federal and state government child support enforcement initiatives, and summarize research related to child support. Editorials and information…

Orientation relationship of eutectoid FeAl and FeAl2.

PubMed

Scherf, A; Kauffmann, A; Kauffmann-Weiss, S; Scherer, T; Li, X; Stein, F; Heilmaier, M

2016-04-01

Fe-Al alloys in the aluminium range of 55-65 at.% exhibit a lamellar microstructure of B2-ordered FeAl and triclinic FeAl 2 , which is caused by a eutectoid decomposition of the high-temperature Fe 5 Al 8 phase, the so-called ∊ phase. The orientation relationship of FeAl and FeAl 2 has previously been studied by Bastin et al. [ J. Cryst. Growth (1978 ▸), 43 , 745] and Hirata et al. [ Philos. Mag. Lett. (2008 ▸), 88 , 491]. Since both results are based on different crystallographic data regarding FeAl 2 , the data are re-evaluated with respect to a recent re-determination of the FeAl 2 phase provided by Chumak et al. [ Acta Cryst. (2010 ▸), C 66 , i87]. It is found that both orientation relationships match subsequent to a rotation operation of 180° about a 〈112〉 crystallographic axis of FeAl or by applying the inversion symmetry of the FeAl 2 crystal structure as suggested by the Chumak data set. Experimental evidence for the validity of the previously determined orientation relationships was found in as-cast fully lamellar material (random texture) as well as directionally solidified material (∼〈110〉 FeAl || solidification direction) by means of orientation imaging microscopy and global texture measurements. In addition, a preferential interface between FeAl and FeAl 2 was identified by means of trace analyses using cross sectioning with a focused ion beam. On the basis of these habit planes the orientation relationship between the two phases can be described by ([Formula: see text]01) FeAl || (114)[Formula: see text] and [111] FeAl || [1[Formula: see text]0][Formula: see text]. There is no evidence for twinning within FeAl lamellae or alternating orientations of FeAl lamellae. Based on the determined orientation and interface data, an atomistic model of the structure relationship of Fe 5 Al 8 , FeAl and FeAl 2 in the vicinity of the eutectoid decomposition is derived. This model is analysed with respect to the strain which has to be

Growth, structure, and magnetic properties of {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} epitaxial films on MgO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Y.; Kim, Y.J.; Thevuthasan, S.

1997-04-01

Single-crystal epitaxial thin films of {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}(001) have been grown on MgO(001) using oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The structure and magnetic properties of these films have been characterized by a variety of techniques, including reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron/Auger electron diffraction (XPD/AED), vibrating sample magnetometry, and ferromagnetic resonance. Real-time RHEED reveals that the film growth occurs in a layer-by-layer fashion. The {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}(001) film surface exhibits a (1{times}1) LEED pattern. The growth of {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} films at 450 {degree}C is accompanied by significant Mg outdiffusion. AED ofmore » Mg KLL Auger emission reveals that Mg substitutionally incorporates in the {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} lattice, occupying the octahedral sites. Magnetic moments are {approximately}2300 G and {approximately}4500 G for {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} films grown at 250{degree}C and 450{degree}C, respectively. The high magnetic moment for the films grown at 450{degree}C could be attributed to the high degree of structural order of the films and Mg substitution at octahedral sites. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}« less

Houston Pre-Freshman Enrichment Program (Houston PREP). Final report, June 9, 1997--July 25, 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1997-10-01

The 1997 Houston Pre-Freshman Enrichment Program (PREP) was conducted at the campus of the University of Houston-Downtown from June 9 to July 25, 1997. Program participants were recruited from the Greater Houston Area. All participants were identified as high-achieving students with an interest in learning about the engineering and science professions. The goal of the program was to better prepare our pre-college youth prior to entering college as mathematics, science and engineering majors. The program participants were middle school and high school students from the Aldine, Alief, Channel View, Clear Creek, Cypress-Fairbanks, Fort Bend, Galena Park, Houston, Humble, Katy, Klein,more » North Forest, Pasadena, Private, and Spring Branch Independent School Districts. Of the 194 students starting the program, 165 students were from economically and socially disadvantage groups under-represented in the engineering and science professions, and 118 of the 194 were women. Our First Year group for 1997 composed of 96% minority and women students. Second and Third Year students combined were 96% minority or women. With financial support from the Center for Computational Sciences and Advanced Distributed Simulation, the Fourth Year Program was added to PREP this year. Twelve students completed the program (83% minority or women).« less

Accountability report - fiscal year 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-01

This document contains the US NRC`s accountability report for fiscal year 1997. Topics include uses of funds, financial condition, program performance, management accountability, and the audited financial statement.

Review of the Water Resources Information System of Argentina

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hutchison, N.E.

1987-01-01

A representative of the U.S. Geological Survey traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, in November 1986, to discuss water information systems and data bank implementation in the Argentine Government Center for Water Resources Information. Software has been written by Center personnel for a minicomputer to be used to manage inventory (index) data and water quality data. Additional hardware and software have been ordered to upgrade the existing computer. Four microcomputers, statistical and data base management software, and network hardware and software for linking the computers have also been ordered. The Center plans to develop a nationwide distributed data base for Argentina that will include the major regional offices as nodes. Needs for continued development of the water resources information system for Argentina were reviewed. Identified needs include: (1) conducting a requirements analysis to define the content of the data base and insure that all user requirements are met, (2) preparing a plan for the development, implementation, and operation of the data base, and (3) developing a conceptual design to inform all development personnel and users of the basic functionality planned for the system. A quality assurance and configuration management program to provide oversight to the development process was also discussed. (USGS)

MIL-100-Fe derived N-doped Fe/Fe3C@C electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Dakai; Han, Sancan; Wang, Jiacheng; Zhu, Yufang

2018-03-01

N-doped porous Fe/Fe3C@C electrocatalysts were prepared by the pyrolysis of the hexamethylenetetramine (HMT)-incorporated MIL-100-Fe at different temperatures (700-1000 °C) under N2 atmosphere. Rotary evaporation of MIL-100-Fe and HMT solution could make more N-enriched HMT molecules enter into the pores of MIL-100-Fe, thus improving nitrogen contents of the final pyrolyzed samples. All pyrolyzed samples show porous textures with middle specific surface areas. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrate the successful introduction of N atoms into carbon framework. Sample Fe-N2-800 prepared by annealing the precursors with the HMT/MIL-100-Fe weight ratio of 2 at 800 °C exhibits the best electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of onset potential and current density because of high graphitic N and pyridinic N content. The enwrapped Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles and Fe-Nx active sites in these samples could also boost the ORR activity synergistically. Moreover, sample Fe-N2-800 demonstrates a dominant four electron reduction process, as well as excellent long-term operation stability and methanol crossover resistance. Thus, the N-doped Fe/Fe3C@C composites derived from the HMT-incorporated MIL-100-Fe are promising electrocatalysts to replace Pt/C for ORR in practical applications.

Spectroscopic identification of SNe 2004ds and SN 2004dt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gal-Yam, Avishay

2004-08-01

A. Gal-Yam, D. Fox and S. Kulkarni, California Institute of Technology, report on red spectra (range 550-780 nm) obtained by Kulkarni and Fox on Aug. 13.5 UT at the 10-m Keck I telescope (+ LRIS). The spectrum of of SN 2004ds (IAUC #8386), shows a broad, well-developed P-Cyg H_alpha line and suggests that this is a type II supernova. The spectrum of SN 2004dt (IAUC #8386), shows the distinctive Si II 6100 absorption trough around 6100 Angstrom, indicating this is a young SN Ia.

Statistical modeling of the reactions Fe(+) + N2O → FeO(+) + N2 and FeO(+) + CO → Fe(+) + CO2.

PubMed

Ushakov, Vladimir G; Troe, Jürgen; Johnson, Ryan S; Guo, Hua; Ard, Shaun G; Melko, Joshua J; Shuman, Nicholas S; Viggiano, Albert A

2015-08-14

The rates of the reactions Fe(+) + N2O → FeO(+) + N2 and FeO(+) + CO → Fe(+) + CO2 are modeled by statistical rate theory accounting for energy- and angular momentum-specific rate constants for formation of the primary and secondary cationic adducts and their backward and forward reactions. The reactions are both suggested to proceed on sextet and quartet potential energy surfaces with efficient, but probably not complete, equilibration by spin-inversion of the populations of the sextet and quartet adducts. The influence of spin-inversion on the overall reaction rate is investigated. The differences of the two reaction rates mostly are due to different numbers of entrance states (atom + linear rotor or linear rotor + linear rotor, respectively). The reaction Fe(+) + N2O was studied either with (6)Fe(+) or with (4)Fe(+) reactants. Differences in the rate constants of (6)Fe(+) and (4)Fe(+) reacting with N2O are attributed to different contributions from electronically excited potential energy surfaces, such as they originate from the open-electronic shell reactants.

School Autonomy in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Evidence from Two School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Astiz, M. Fernanda

2006-01-01

This article provides empirical evidence of policy adoption, outcomes and consequences of decentralization and school autonomy initiatives enacted in Argentina during the 1990s. The study examines what school autonomy meant in Argentina and how it was adopted at the provincial and school levels. Using qualitative data on school districts of the…

Geochemical control of microbial Fe(III) reduction potential in wetlands: Comparison of the rhizosphere to non-rhizosphere soil

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weiss, J.V.; Emerson, D.; Megonigal, J.P.

2004-01-01

We compared the reactivity and microbial reduction potential of Fe(III) minerals in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil to test the hypothesis that rapid Fe(III) reduction rates in wetland soils are explained by rhizosphere processes. The rhizosphere was defined as the area immediately adjacent to a root encrusted with Fe(III)-oxides or Fe plaque, and non-rhizosphere soil was 0.5 cm from the root surface. The rhizosphere had a significantly higher percentage of poorly crystalline Fe (66??7%) than non-rhizosphere soil (23??7%); conversely, non-rhizosphere soil had a significantly higher proportion of crystalline Fe (50??7%) than the rhizosphere (18??7%, P<0.05 in all cases). The percentage of poorly crystalline Fe(III) was significantly correlated with the percentage of FeRB (r=0.76), reflecting the fact that poorly crystalline Fe(III) minerals are labile with respect to microbial reduction. Abiotic reductive dissolution consumed about 75% of the rhizosphere Fe(III)-oxide pool in 4 h compared to 23% of the soil Fe(III)-oxide pool. Similarly, microbial reduction consumed 75-80% of the rhizosphere pool in 10 days compared to 30-40% of the non-rhizosphere soil pool. Differences between the two pools persisted when samples were amended with an electron-shuttling compound (AQDS), an Fe(III)-reducing bacterium (Geobacter metallireducens), and organic carbon. Thus, Fe(III)-oxide mineralogy contributed strongly to differences in the Fe(III) reduction potential of the two pools. Higher amounts of poorly crystalline Fe(III) and possibly humic substances, and a higher Fe(III) reduction potential in the rhizosphere compared to the non-rhizosphere soil, suggested the rhizosphere is a site of unusually active microbial Fe cycling. The results were consistent with previous speculation that rapid Fe cycling in wetlands is due to the activity of wetland plant roots. ?? 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Community College of Rhode Island: Annual Report, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abood, Nancy V.; LeBlanc, William; Racca, Susanne M.

This 1997 annual report describes major initiatives and outcomes for students, programs, faculty and staff, and finances at Community College of Rhode Island (CCRI). Highlighted are some of the steps the college has taken to address its priorities in meeting modern challenges. A message from the president reviews four top priorities for 1997,…

Adding seismic broadband analysis to characterize Andean backarc seismicity in Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alvarado, P.; Giuliano, A.; Beck, S.; Zandt, G.

2007-05-01

Characterization of the highly seismically active Andean backarc is crucial for assessment of earthquake hazards in western Argentina. Moderate-to-large crustal earthquakes have caused several deaths, damage and drastic economic consequences in Argentinean history. We have studied the Andean backarc crust between 30°S and 36°S using seismic broadband data available from a previous ("the CHARGE") IRIS-PASSCAL experiment. We collected more than 12 terabytes of continuous seismic data from 22 broadband instruments deployed across Chile and Argentina during 1.5 years. Using free software we modeled full regional broadband waveforms and obtained seismic moment tensor inversions of crustal earthquakes testing for the best focal depth for each event. We also mapped differences in the Andean backarc crustal structure and found a clear correlation with different types of crustal seismicity (i.e. focal depths, focal mechanisms, magnitudes and frequencies of occurrence) and previously mapped terrane boundaries. We now plan to use the same methodology to study other regions in Argentina using near-real time broadband data available from the national seismic (INPRES) network and global seismic networks operating in the region. We will re-design the national seismic network to optimize short-period and broadband seismic station coverage for different network purposes. This work is an international effort that involves researchers and students from universities and national government agencies with the goal of providing more information about earthquake hazards in western Argentina.

Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1997.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva

1999-01-01

Discusses 1997 production and receipts and recent production for other years in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents 1997 production and receipt data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri, and shows...

Fe-vacancy and superconductivity in FeSe-based superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, C. H.; Chen, T. K.; Chang, C. C.; Lee, Y. C.; Wang, M. J.; Huang, K. C.; Wu, P. M.; Wu, M. K.

2018-06-01

This review summarizes recent advancements in FeSe and related systems. The FeSe and related superconductors are currently receiving considerable attention for the high Tcs observed and for many similar features to the high Tc cuprate superconductors. These similarities suggest that understanding the FeSe based compounds could potentially help our understanding of the cuprates. We shall first review the common features observed in the FeSe-based system. It was found that with a careful control of material synthesizing processes, numerous rich phases have been observed in the FeSe-based system. Detailed studies show that the Fe-vacancy ordered phases found in the FeSe based compounds, which are non-superconducting Mott insulators, are the parent compounds of the superconductors. Superconductivity emerges from the parent phases by disordering the Fe vacancy order, often by a simple annealing treatment. Recent high temperature X-ray diffraction experiments show that the degree of structural distortion associated with the disorder of Fe-vacancy is closely related to volume fraction of the superconductivity observed. These results suggest the strong lattice to spin coupling are important for the occurrence of superconductivity in FeSe based superconductors.

1997 Savannah River Site annual epidemiologic surveillance report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

This report provides a summary of epidemiologic surveillance data collected from Savannah River Site from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 1997. The data were collected by a coordinator at Savannah River Site and submitted to the Epidemiologic Surveillance Data Center located at Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, where quality control procedures and preliminary data analyses were carried out. The analyses were interpreted and the final report prepared by the DOE Office of Epidemiologic Studies. The information in this report provides highlights of the data analyses conducted on the 1997 data collected from Savannah River Site. The mainmore » sections of the report include: work force characteristics; absences due to injury or illness lasting 5 or more consecutive workdays; workplace illnesses, injuries, and deaths that were reportable to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (''OSHA-recordable'' events); and disabilities and deaths among current workers. The 199 7 report includes a section on time trends that provides comparative information on the health of the work force from 1994 through 1997.« less

SRTM Stereo Pair: Meseta de Somuncura, Patagonia, Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-27

The Meseta de Somuncura is a semi-arid basalt plateau in northern Patagonia. This view of the northwestern part of the plateau, near Los Menucos, Argentina, shows numerous depressions where the upper basalt layers are missing or collapsed.

Radiation effects on interface reactions of U/Fe, U/(Fe+Cr), and U/(Fe+Cr+Ni)

DOE PAGES

Shao, Lin; Chen, Di; Wei, Chaochen; ...

2014-10-01

We study the effects of radiation damage on interdiffusion and intermetallic phase formation at the interfaces of U/Fe, U/(Fe + Cr), and U/(Fe + Cr + Ni) diffusion couples. Magnetron sputtering is used to deposit thin films of Fe, Fe + Cr, or Fe + Cr + Ni on U substrates to form the diffusion couples. One set of samples are thermally annealed under high vacuum at 450 C or 550 C for one hour. A second set of samples are annealed identically but with concurrent 3.5 MeV Fe++ ion irradiation. The Fe++ ion penetration depth is sufficient to reachmore » the original interfaces. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis with high fidelity spectral simulations is used to obtain interdiffusion profiles, which are used to examine differences in U diffusion and intermetallic phase formation at the buried interfaces. For all three diffusion systems, Fe++ ion irradiations enhance U diffusion. Furthermore, the irradiations accelerate the formation of intermetallic phases. In U/Fe couples, for example, the unirradiated samples show typical interdiffusion governed by Fick’s laws, while the irradiated ones show step-like profiles influenced by Gibbs phase rules.« less

Isotopic fractionation associated with [NiFe]- and [FeFe]-hydrogenases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Hui; Gandhi, Hasand; Cornish, Adam J.

2016-01-30

Hydrogenases catalyze the reversible formation of H2 from electrons and protons with high efficiency. Understanding the relationships between H2 production, H2 uptake, and H2-H2O exchange can provide insight into the metabolism of microbial communities in which H2 is an essential component in energy cycling. In this manuscript, we used stable H isotopes (1H and 2H) to probe the isotope effects associated with three [FeFe]-hydrogenases and three [NiFe]-hydrogenases. All six hydrogenases displayed fractionation factors for H2 formation that were significantly less than 1, producing H2 that was severely depleted in 2H relative to the substrate, water. Consistent with differences in theirmore » active site structure, the fractionation factors for each class appear to cluster, with the three [NiFe]-hydrogenases (α = 0.27-0.40) generally having smaller values than the three [FeFe]-hydrogenases (α = 0.41-0.55). We also obtained isotopic fractionation factors associated with H2 uptake and H2-H2O exchange under conditions similar to those utilized for H2 production, providing us with a more complete picture of the three reactions catalyzed by hydrogenases. The fractionation factors determined in our studies can be used as signatures for different hydrogenases to probe their activity under different growth conditions and to ascertain which hydrogenases are most responsible for H2 production and/or uptake in complex microbial communities.« less

Intra-regional classification of grape seeds produced in Mendoza province (Argentina) by multi-elemental analysis and chemometrics tools.

PubMed

Canizo, Brenda V; Escudero, Leticia B; Pérez, María B; Pellerano, Roberto G; Wuilloud, Rodolfo G

2018-03-01

The feasibility of the application of chemometric techniques associated with multi-element analysis for the classification of grape seeds according to their provenance vineyard soil was investigated. Grape seed samples from different localities of Mendoza province (Argentina) were evaluated. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of twenty-nine elements (Ag, As, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, La, Lu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Rb, Sm, Te, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Zn and Zr). Once the analytical data were collected, supervised pattern recognition techniques such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) were applied to construct classification/discrimination rules. The results indicated that nonlinear methods, RF and SVM, perform best with up to 98% and 93% accuracy rate, respectively, and therefore are excellent tools for classification of grapes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of alternative tobacco products in multiethnic youth from Jujuy, Argentina.

PubMed

Alderete, Ethel; Kaplan, Celia Patricia; Gregorich, Steven E; Pérez-Stable, Eliseo J

2010-01-01

This study examines alternative tobacco use among Latin American youth. A self-administered survey in a random sample of 27 schools was administered in 2004 in Jujuy, Argentina (N = 3218). Prevalence of alternative tobacco product use was 24.1%; 15.3% of youth used hand-rolled cigarettes, 7.8% smoked cigars, 2.3% chewed tobacco leaf and 1.6% smoked pipe. Among youth who never smoked manufactured cigarettes, alternative product use was rare (2.9%), except for chewing tobacco (22%). In multivariate logistic regression boys were more likely than girls to smoke pipe (OR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.1-8.7); indigenous language was associated with smoking hand-rolled cigarettes (OR = 1.4; 95% CI-1.1-1.9) and pipe (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.5-3.4). Working in tobacco sales was a risk factor for chewing tobacco (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.7-4.9) and smoking hand-rolled cigarettes (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.8). Having friends who smoked was associated with chewing tobacco (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.0-3.2) and with smoking cigars (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.5-2.9). Current drinking and thrill-seeking orientation were associated with cigars and pipe smoking. Findings highlight the importance of surveillance of alternative tobacco products use and availability among youth and for addressing identified risk factors.

Reproductive seasonality, sex ratio and philopatry in Argentina's common vampire bats.

PubMed

Delpietro, H A; Russo, R G; Carter, G G; Lord, R D; Delpietro, G L

2017-04-01

Common vampire bats ( Desmodus rotundus ) are a key rabies vector in South America. Improved management of this species requires long-term, region-specific information. To investigate patterns of demography and dispersal, we analysed 13 642 captures of common vampire bats in Northern Argentina from the period 1969-2004. In contrast with findings from more tropical regions, we found reproductive seasonality with peak pregnancy in September and peak lactation in February. Curiously, sex ratios were consistently male-biased both in maternity roosts and at foraging sites. Males comprised 57% of 9509 adults caught at night, 57% of 1078 juveniles caught at night, 57% of 603 juveniles caught in roosts during the day, and 55% of 103 newborns and mature fetuses. Most observed roosts were in man-made structures. Movements of 1.5-54 km were most frequent in adult males, followed by young males, adult females and young females. At night, males visited maternity roosts, and non-pregnant, non-lactating females visited bachelor roosts. Males fed earlier in the night. Finally, we report new longevity records for free-ranging vampire bats: 16 and 17 years of age for a female and male, respectively. Our results are consistent with model predictions that sex-biased movements might play a key role in rabies transmission between vampire bat populations.

Reproductive seasonality, sex ratio and philopatry in Argentina's common vampire bats

PubMed Central

Delpietro, H. A.; Russo, R. G.; Lord, R. D.; Delpietro, G. L.

2017-01-01

Common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) are a key rabies vector in South America. Improved management of this species requires long-term, region-specific information. To investigate patterns of demography and dispersal, we analysed 13 642 captures of common vampire bats in Northern Argentina from the period 1969–2004. In contrast with findings from more tropical regions, we found reproductive seasonality with peak pregnancy in September and peak lactation in February. Curiously, sex ratios were consistently male-biased both in maternity roosts and at foraging sites. Males comprised 57% of 9509 adults caught at night, 57% of 1078 juveniles caught at night, 57% of 603 juveniles caught in roosts during the day, and 55% of 103 newborns and mature fetuses. Most observed roosts were in man-made structures. Movements of 1.5–54 km were most frequent in adult males, followed by young males, adult females and young females. At night, males visited maternity roosts, and non-pregnant, non-lactating females visited bachelor roosts. Males fed earlier in the night. Finally, we report new longevity records for free-ranging vampire bats: 16 and 17 years of age for a female and male, respectively. Our results are consistent with model predictions that sex-biased movements might play a key role in rabies transmission between vampire bat populations. PMID:28484615

The Politics of Access to Higher Education in Argentina and Brazil: A Comparative Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernandes Nogueira, Jaana Flavia

2013-01-01

Historically, higher education has played an important role in the development of societies. Indeed, this has been the case in both Argentina and Brazil. The overall goal of this dissertation is to examine the historical development and the current situation of higher education in Argentina and Brazil. In relation to history, it discusses the…

National Transportation Atlas Databases : 2004

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

The National Transportation Atlas Databases 2004 (NTAD2004) is a set of nationwide geographic databases of transportation facilities, transportation networks, and associated infrastructure. These datasets include spatial information for transportatio...

National proceedings: forest and conservation nursery associations—1997.

Treesearch

T.D. Landis; J.R. Thompson

1997-01-01

This proceedings is a compilation of 27 papers that were presented at the regional meetings of the forest and conservation nursery associations in the United States in 1997. The Northeastern Forest Nursery Association Conference was held in Bemidji, Minnesota, on August 11-14, 1997; and the Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association meeting was held in Boise,...

Neonatal mortality in Argentina. Situation analysis from 2005 to 2014.

PubMed

Finkelstein, Juliana Z; Duhau, Mariana; Fasola, María L; Escobar, Paola

2017-08-01

Neonatal mortality (NM) refers to deaths occurring between birth and 27 days of life. This component of infant mortality has shown the least reduction over the past 50 years. The objective of this study was to analyze the course and characteristics of NM in Argentina. This was a descriptive, ecological study of NM in Argentina conducted between 2005 and 2014 to analyze its course, causes, and the relevance of prematurity and a low birth weight. Records of the Health Statistics and Information Department of the Ministry of Health of Argentina were used. The neonatal mortality rate reduced by 19.2% (2005: 8.9‰; 2014: 7.2‰); the early component (between birth and 6 days of life), by 20% (2005: 6.5‰; 2014: 5.2‰); and the late component (between 7 and 27 days of life), by 13% (2005: 2.3‰; 2014: 2‰). Disorders originating in the perinatal period and congenital malformations were the cause of more than 95% of neonatal deaths in this period. The relative significance of disorders originating in the perinatal period reduced, but that of congenital malformations increased. Preterm and low birth weight live births had the greatest risk of neonatal death. A younger gestational age and a lower birth weight resulted in a lower reduction of specific neonatal mortality rate. In the past 10 years, NM has reduced significantly. Disorders originating in the perinatal period and congenital malformations were the cause of almost all deaths in this age group. NM was associated with a low birth weight and prematurity. Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría

National Transportation Atlas Databases : 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

The National Transportation Atlas Databases -- 1997 (NTAD97) is a set of national : geographic databases of transportation facilities. These databases include geospatial : information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, and re...

Radiative Rates for Forbidden Transitions in Doubly-Ionized Fe-Peak Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fivet, Vanessa; Quinet, P.; Bautista, M.

2012-05-01

Accurate and reliable atomic data for lowly-ionized Fe-peak species (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) are of paramount importance for the analysis of the high resolution astrophysical spectra currently available. The third spectra of several iron group elements have been observed in different galactic sources like Herbig-Haro objects in the Orion Nebula [1] and stars like Eta Carinae [2]. However, forbidden transitions between low-lying metastable levels of doubly-ionized iron-peak ions have been very little investigated so far and radiative rates for those lines remain sparse or inexistent. We are carrying out a systematic study of the electronic structure of doubly-ionized iron-peak elements. The magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transition probabilities are computed using the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) code of Cowan [3] and the central Thomas-Fermi-Dirac potential approximation implemented in AUTOSTRUCTURE [4]. This multi-platform approach allows for consistency checks and intercomparison and has proven very successful in the study of the complex Fe-peak species where many different effects contribute [5]. References [1] A. Mesa-Delgado et al., MNRAS 395 (2009) 855 [2] S. Johansson et al., A&A 361 (2000) 977 [3] R.D. Cowan, The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra, Berkeley: Univ. California Press (1981) [4] N.R. Badnell, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 (1997) 1 [5] M. Bautista et al., ApJ 718 (2010) L189

[First report of Echinococcus vogeli in a paca in Misiones province, Argentina].

PubMed

Vizcaychipi, Katherina A; Helou, Marcia; Dematteo, Karen; Macchiaroli, Natalia; Cucher, Marcela; Rosenzvit, Mara; D'Alessandro, Antonio

2013-01-01

We report the first finding of Echinococcus vogeli in a paca, Cuniculus paca, in the tropical forest of Misiones, in the north of Argentina. The presence of the bush dog, Speothos venaticus, E. vogelís only natural definitive host, was also reported. The polycystic hydatids, 2 to 3 cm in diameter, were only found in the liver of an adult paca. The size range of the hooks and the relative proportion blade/handle did not show significant differences with respect to the ones reported for E. vogeli. The size of E. granulosus hooks, measured for comparison purposes, was significantly smaller (p E. vogeli in Argentina. The probability of finding neotropical echinococcosis in humans reinforces the need to expand the search for E. vogeli in Argentina. Echinococcosis due to E. vogeli is very aggressive and may cause death in about a third of the human population affected.

Florida Educational Facilities, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Office of Educational Facilities.

This document contains information, photographs, and floor plans of many of Florida's new elementary through high school facilities occupied in 1997. Each entry lists the facility's type, building size, student capacity, and general structural information. Also provided is information on the facility's total construction cost; the architects and…

77 FR 77029 - Honey from Argentina; Final Results of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Changed Circumstances...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-31

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812, C-357-813] Honey from... Department) is revoking the antidumping duty and countervailing duty orders on honey from Argentina because... antidumping and countervailing duty orders on honey from Argentina.\\1\\ On July 24, 2012, the American Honey...

Rights questioned. Limitations of poverty-reduction policies in Argentina.

PubMed

Faur, Eleonor; Campos, Luis; Pautassi, Laura; Zimerman, Silvina

2009-01-01

This article analyses, from a human rights' approach, a group of social programmes implemented in Argentina from the year 2002, at the time of the biggest socioeconomic crisis that the country has suffered in the last decades. The main characteristics of the programmes are reviewed, and their anti-poverty strategy, along with design and implementation, are evaluated in relation to human rights. An assessment is also made of the existence of mechanisms for citizens to present claims. Finally, a set of recommendations are made to facilitate the adaptation of the programmes analysed to the duties the State of Argentina has as result of its adherence to international laws on human rights. The analytical methodology proposed by this article could be applied to other policy areas.

Argentina: Nationality, Demography and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-22

1978. 4. Palacio H. "Historia de la Argentina", Ed. Pefiatillo, Buenos Aires, 1973. 5. Randle, P.H. and others. " La Conciencia Territorial Ed. Oikos...Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis declared their sovereignty. In 1820, Cordoba and La Rioja separated; for a while, they formed the Cordoba of Tucuman...different centers of power in America: 1. One current from Peru came from the north and founded San Salvador de Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman, Catamarca, La Rioja

English in Argentina: Attitudes of MBA Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedrich, Patricia

2003-01-01

Addresses the issue of English in South America through the investigation of attitudes toward English by a group of MBA students in Argentina. A survey questionnaire was administered and its analysis and the relationship between attitudes and the sociopolitical environment are explored. Concludes with a cal for more conscientious inclusion of…

Sudden death syndrome of soybean in Argentina

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is one of the most common and widely spread root disease affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Argentina where it is an economically important crop. This disease was first discovered in this country in 1992 in the Pampas Region, and the following year in Northwest...

VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF DENGUE VIRUS IN Aedes aegypti COLLECTED IN PUERTO IGUAZÚ, MISIONES, ARGENTINA

PubMed Central

Espinosa, Manuel; Giamperetti, Sergio; Abril, Marcelo; Seijo, Alfredo

2014-01-01

A finding of vertical transmission of the DEN 3 virus in male specimens of Aedes aegypti, collected in the 2009 fall-winter period, in Puerto Iguazú city, Misiones, Argentina, using the RT-PCR technique in a 15-specimen pool is reported. This result is analyzed within the context of the epidemiological situation of Argentina's northeast border. PMID:24626420

[Prevalence of low visual acuity and ophthalmological disorders in six-year-old children from Santa Fe city].

PubMed

Verrone, Pablo J; Simi, Marcelo R

2008-08-01

Changes in children visual acuity that are not treated carry a high risk of irreversible consequences. To determine the prevalence of low visual acuity and to diagnose the ophthalmologic diseases that cause it in six-year-old children from Santa Fe City, Argentina. Observational, descriptive and transversal design. Visual acuity is defined as the eye's capacity to distinguish separate points and to recognize shapes. It was determined using the Snellen table for farsighted vision on 177 six-year-old children who attended four elementary schools in Santa Fe City. An ophthalmologic examination was performed on those who had low visual acuity and their mothers were interviewed to ascertain the pathological background of their children. The prevalence of low visual acuity was 10.7% (n= 19). The prevalence of amblyopia was 3.9%. Refraction errors were the only cause of low visual acuity. Astigmatism was predominantly frequent. The most frequent pathological backgrounds were: ocular infections, premature birth, history of malnutrition and maternal use of tobacco. The prevalence of low visual acuity found in this study is lower than the one informed in most other studies. This data require confirmation by further studies.

Ligand-controlled Fe mobilization catalyzed by adsorbed Fe(II) on Fe(hydr)oxides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Kyounglim; Biswakarma, Jagannath; Borowski, Susan C.; Hug, Stephan J.; Hering, Janet G.; Schenkeveld, Walter D. C.; Kraemer, Stephan M.

2017-04-01

Dissolution of Fe(hydr)oxides is a key process in biological iron acquisition. Due to the low solubility of iron oxides in environments with a circumneutral pH, organisms may exude organic compounds catalyzing iron mobilization by reductive and ligand controlled dissolution mechanisms. Recently, we have shown synergistic effects between reductive dissolution and ligand-controlled dissolution that may operate in biological iron acquisition. The synergistic effects were observed in Fe mobilization from single goethite suspensions as well as in suspensions containing calcareous soil[1],[2]. However, how the redox reaction accelerates Fe(hydr)oxide dissolution by ligands is not studied intensively. In our study, we hypothesized that electron transfer to structural Fe(III) labilizes the Fe(hydr)oxide structure, and that this can accelerate ligand controlled dissolution. Systematical batch dissolution experiments were carried out under anoxic conditions at environmentally relevant pH values in which various Fe(hydr)oxides (goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite) interacted with two different types of ligand (desferrioxamine B (DFOB) and N,N'-Di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid monohydrochloride (HBED)). Electron transfer to the structure was induced by adsorbing Fe(II) to the mineral surface at various Fe(II) concentrations. Our results show a distinct catalytic effect of adsorbed Fe(II) on ligand controlled dissolution, even at submicromolar Fe(II) concentrations. We observed the effect for a range of iron oxides, but it was strongest in lepidocrocite, most likely due to anisotropy in conductivity leading to higher near-surface concentration of reduced iron. Our results demonstrate that the catalytic effect of reductive processes on ligand controlled dissolution require a very low degree of reduction making this an efficient process for biological iron acquisition and a potentially important effect in natural iron cycling. References 1. Wang, Z. M

Mesa redonda: Argentina en proyectos globales de investigaciones espaciales y astronómicas. Astronomía óptica en Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Folatelli, G.

2016-08-01

This is a brief summary of the current status of observational astronomy in the optical range in Argentina, as seen by the author. This roundtable presentation aimed at setting off the discussion within the community about the issue of observational facilities and its posible solutions.

Leo Commercial Market Projects (1997)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-07-25

The Federal Aviation Administration's Associate Administrator for Commercial : Space Transportation (AST) has prepared projections of the low Earth orbit : (LEO) commercial payload and launch markets for the period between 1997 and : 2006. This asses...

The Partial Molar Volume and Compressibility of the FeO Component in Model Basalts (Mixed CaAl2Si2O8-CaMgSi2O6-CaFeSi2O6 Liquids) at 0 GPa: evidence of Fe2+ in 6-fold coordination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, X.; Lange, R. A.; Ai, Y.

2010-12-01

FeO is an important component in magmatic liquids and yet its partial molar volume at one bar is not as well known as that for Fe2O3 because of the difficulty of performing double-bob density measurements under reducing conditions. Moreover, there is growing evidence from spectroscopic studies that Fe2+ occurs in 4, 5, and 6-fold coordination in silicate melts, and it is expected that the partial molar volume and compressibility of the FeO component will vary accordingly. We have conducted both density and relaxed sound speed measurements on four liquids in the An-Di-Hd (CaAl2Si2O8-CaMgSi2O6-CaFeSi2O6) system: (1) Di-Hd (50:50), (2) An-Hd (50:50), (3) An-Di-Hd (33:33:33) and (4) Hd (100). Densities were measured between 1573 and 1838 K at one bar with the double-bob Archimedean method using molybdenum bobs and crucibles in a reducing gas (1%CO-99%Ar) environment. The sound speeds were measured under similar conditions with a frequency-sweep acoustic interferometer, and used to calculate isothermal compressibility. All the density data for the three multi-component (model basalt) liquids were combined with density data on SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-K2O-Na2O liquids (Lange, 1997) in a fit to a linear volume equation; the results lead to a partial molar volume (±1σ) for FeO =11.7 ± 0.3(±1σ) cm3/mol at 1723 K. This value is similar to that for crystalline FeO at 298 K (halite structure; 12.06 cm3/mol), which suggests an average Fe2+ coordination of ~6 in these model basalt compositions. In contrast, the fitted partial molar volume of FeO in pure hedenbergite liquid is 14.6 ± 0.3 at 1723 K, which is consistent with an average Fe2+ coordination of 4.3 derived from EXAFS spectroscopy (Rossano, 2000). Similarly, all the compressibility data for the three multi-component liquids were combined with compressibility data on SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO liquids (Ai and Lange, 2008) in a fit to an ideal mixing model for melt compressibility; the results lead to a partial molar

Tornado-associated fatalities--Arkansas, 1997.

PubMed

1997-05-16

On March 1, 1997, approximately nine tornadoes originating from two separate thunderstorms swept across Arkansas, from Hempstead County in the southwest to Clay County in the northeast (approximately 260 miles). The tornadoes caused 26 deaths and an estimated $115 million in property damage, reflecting damage to residences, nonresidential buildings, bridges, and roads and agriculture and timber losses. The strongest tornadoes touched down southwest of Little Rock in Clark, Saline, and Pulaski counties; the estimated widths of the tornado paths ranged from 1/2 to 1 mile, and wind speeds were > 200 miles per hour (National Weather Service [NWS], unpublished data, 1997). This report summarizes circumstances of the tornado-associated fatalities from information collected by the American Red Cross (ARC); 14 of the 26 fatalities occurred among persons who were in mobile homes.

[Detection of Chlamydia abortus in bovine reproductive losses in the province of La Pampa, Argentina].

PubMed

Rojas, María Del C; Fort, Marcelo; Bettermann, Simone; Entrocassi, Carolina; Costamagna, Sixto R; Sachse, Konrad; Rodríguez Fermepin, Marcelo

2018-01-16

Reproductive losses linked to an infectious etiology in bovine cattle are a major economic concern worldwide. In Argentina, more than 50% of abortion cases have unknown causes. Species belonging to Chlamydiaceae family are frequent etiologic agents of abortion around the world; however, there is yet no information on their prevalence in Argentina. The objective of this work was to identify Chlamydia spp., and particularly C. abortus in reproductive losses from bovine cattle in La Pampa, Argentina. Real time PCR targeting Chlamydiaceae-specific DNA fragments was performed on 251 samples obtained from bovine abortions and stillborns, and ArrayTube was used for species identification on positive samples. Chlamydiaceae DNA was detected in 12 samples of aborted fetuses (4.78%), 83.33% (10/12) accounting for abortions and 16.66% (2/12) for stillborns. C. abortus was detected by ArrayTube in 5 cases (1.99% of all samples, and 41.67% of Chlamydiaceae positive samples). This study shows the first detection of Chlamydiaceae and C. abortus DNA on reproductive losses of bovine cattle in Argentina, and the described prevalence value (4.78%) should be taken as baseline value due to the type of samples analyzed. Detection of genetic material from Chlamydiaceae not matching any of the studied species could be due to intraspecies variants or local species not yet described. Further research on Chlamydia infections in bovine cattle in Argentina is imperative to describe their range, to analyze their economic and zoonotic implications and to make recommendations about prevention and control measures. Copyright © 2017 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

``Loose spins'' in Fe/Cu/Fe(001) structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinrich, B.; Celinski, Z.; Liao, L. X.; From, M.; Cochran, J. F.

1994-05-01

Slonczewski recently proposed a model for the exchange coupling between ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonferromagnetic spacer based on the concept of ``loose spins.'' ``Loose spins'' contribute to the total exchange energy. We have studied the role of ``loose spins'' in bcc Fe/Cu/Fe(001) structures. bcc Fe/Cu/Fe(001) trilayers deposited at room temperature were investigated extensively in our previous studies. In our ``loose spin'' studies, the Fe was added inside the Cu interlayer. Several structures were atomically engineered in order to test the behavior of ``loose spins:'' One additional atomic layer of an (Fe+Cu) alloy were located in appropriate positions in a Cu spacer. The bilinear and biquadratic exchange coupling in the above structures was quantitatively studied with FMR in the temperature range 77-370 K and with MOKE at RT.

Argentina: Background and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-06

Deputies. Sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF); National Institute of Statistics and Census, INDEC (Argentina); World Bank (WB); and U.S...of the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC) that for many years was criticized for producing inaccurate inflation and other economic...percentage points since he came into office. 11 On August 18, 2016, Argentina’s Supreme Court suspended gas price increases for residential customers

The impact of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) program on radiation and tissue banking in Argentina.

PubMed

Kairiyama, Eulogia; Morales Pedraza, Jorge

2009-05-01

Tissue banking activities in Argentina started in 1993. The regulatory and controlling national authority on organ, tissue and cells for transplantation activity is the National Unique Coordinating Central Institute for Ablation and Implant (INCUCAI). Three tissue banks were established under the IAEA program and nine other banks participated actively in the implementation of this program. As result of the implementation of the IAEA program in Argentina and the work done by the established tissue banks, more and more hospitals are now using, in a routine manner, radiation sterilised tissues processed by these banks. During the period 1992-2005, more than 21 016 tissues were produced and irradiated in the tissue banks participating in the IAEA program. Within the framework of the training component of the IAEA program, Argentina has been selected to host the Regional Training Centre for Latin American. In this centre, tissue bank operators and medical personal from Latin American countries were trained. Since 1999, Argentina has organised four regular regional training courses and two virtual regional training courses. More than twenty (20) tissue bank operators and medical personnel from Argentina were trained under the IAEA program in the six courses organised in the country. In general, ninety (96) tissue bank operators and medical personnel from eight Latin-American countries were trained in the Buenos Aires regional training centre. From Argentina 16 students graduated in these courses.

United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative: 2010 Status Report on the International Space Weather Initiative

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gadimova, S.; Haubold, H. J.; Danov, D.; Georgieva, K.; Maeda, G.; Yumoto, K.; Davila, J. M.; Gopalswamy, N.

2011-11-01

The UNBSSI is a long-term effort for the development of astronomy and space science through regional and international cooperation in this field on a worldwide basis. A series of workshops on BSS was held from 1991 to 2004 (India 1991, Costa Rica and Colombia 1992, Nigeria 1993, Egypt 1994, Sri Lanka 1995, Germany 1996, Honduras 1997, Jordan 1999, France 2000, Mauritius 2001, Argentina 2002, and China 2004) Pursuant to resolutions of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) and its Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, since 2005, these workshops focused on the International Heliophysical Year 2007 (UAE 2005, India 2006, Japan 2007, Bulgaria 2008, Ro Korea 2009) Starting in 2010, the workshops focus on the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) as recommended in a three-year-work plan as part of the deliberations of UNCOPUOS (www.iswi-secretariat.org/). Workshops on the ISWI have been scheduled to be hosted by Egypt in 2010 for Western Asia, Nigeria in 2011 for Africa, and Ecuador in 2012 for Latin America and the Caribbean. Currently, fourteen IHY/ISWI instrument arrays with more than five hundred instruments are operational in ninety countries.

The Case of Public Schools in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adrogue, Cecilia; Orlicki, Maria Eugenia

2013-01-01

As Argentina presents problems of malnutrition, the federal in-school feeding program has become a key policy because it provides an important nutritional intervention during a relevant growth period. This paper estimates the effect of the program on academic performance--measured by standardized test scores--with a difference in difference model,…

Seasonal Forecasting of Fires across Southern Borneo, 1997-2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spessa, Allan; Field, Robert; Kaiser, Johannes; Langner, Andreas; Moore, Jonathan; Pappenberger, Florian; Siegert, Florian; Weber, Ulrich

2014-05-01

Wildfire is a fundamental Earth System process, affecting almost all biogeochemical cycles, and all vegetated biomes. Fires are naturally rare in humid tropical forests, and tropical trees are generally killed by even low-intensity fires. However, fire activity in the tropics has increased markedly over the past 15-20 years, especially in Indonesia, Amazonia, and more recently, central Africa also. Since fire is the prime tool for clearing land in the tropics, it not surprising that the increase in fire activity is strongly associated with increased levels of deforestation, which is driven mainly by world-wide demand for timber and agricultural commodities. The consequences of deforestation fires for biodiversity conservation and emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols are enormous. For example, carbon emissions from tropical biomass burning are around 20% of annual average global fossil fuel emissions. The destructive fires in Indonesia during the exceptionally strong El Niño-induced drought in late 1997 and early 1998 rank as some of the largest peak emissions events in recorded history. Past studies estimate about 1Gt of carbon was released to the atmosphere from the Indonesian fires in 1997 (which were mostly concentrated in carbon-rich forested peatlands). This amount is equivalent to about 14% of the average global annual fossil fuel emissions released during the 1990s. While not as large as the 1997-98 events, significant emissions from biomass burning have also been recorded in other (less severe) El Niño years across Indonesia, in particular, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2009-2010. Recent climate modelling studies indicate that the frequency of El Niño events may increase under future climate change, affecting many tropical countries, including Indonesia. An increased drought frequency plus a projected increase in population and land use pressures in Indonesia, imply there will be even more fires and emissions in future across the region. However, while

Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in two species of Tillandsia in relation to atmospheric emission sources in Argentina.

PubMed

Wannaz, Eduardo D; Carreras, Hebe A; Pérez, Carlos A; Pignata, María L

2006-05-15

The ability of Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz and Pav. f. capillaris and Tillandsia permutata A. Cast. to accumulate heavy metals was evaluated in relation to potential atmospheric emission sources in Argentina. The sampling areas (n=38) were chosen in the province of Córdoba, located in the center of Argentina, and categorized according to land use, anthropogenic activities and/or distance to potential heavy metal emission sources. In each sampling site, pools of 40-50 individuals of each species were made from plants collected along the four cardinal directions. The concentrations of V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Br of these samples were measured by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) analysis with Synchrotron Radiation. Each species was submitted to a cluster analysis in order to discriminate different groups of heavy metals as tracers of natural or anthropogenic sources. A Contamination Factor (CF) was calculated using the concentrations of the elements in each sample compared to their concentrations in the control samples. Finally, the rank coefficients of correlation between the CFs and the categorical variables characteristic of each site (land use and anthropogenic load) were analyzed. A positive correlation was found for T. capillaris between the CFs of V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and the urban-industrial category, whereas the CF values for Zn and Pb were positively correlated with the road category. In T. permutata there was a positive correlation between the CF of Zn and the urban-industrial category and the CF of Pb with the road category. We therefore conclude that T. capillaris is a more efficient metal accumulator in passive biomonitoring studies.

75 FR 36347 - Determination of Pest-Free Areas in Mendoza Province, Argentina; Request for Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-25

...] Determination of Pest-Free Areas in Mendoza Province, Argentina; Request for Comments AGENCY: Animal and Plant... received a request from the Government of Argentina to recognize additional areas as pest- free areas for... determined that these areas meet the criteria in our regulations for recognition as pest-free areas. We are...

1997 Kentucky traffic accident facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

KENTUCKYS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS report for 1997 is based on accident reports submitted to the Accident Unit housed : in the Kentucky State Police Information Services Branch, Records Section. As required by Kentucky Revised statutes 189.635, : ...

Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Texas: 1997 Update.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Liang Y.

This report provides an update of the costs of alcohol and drug abuse for 1997. The 1997 costs were estimated by multiplying the percent changes in various socioeconomic factors from 1989 to 1997 by the cost estimates. The adverse health and social consequences of substance abuse extensively increased costs to the state. The total economic costs…

FY 1997 Financial Reporting by The Defense Automated Printing Service.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-09-23

it •T o7’v ort FY 1997 FINANCIAL REPORTING BY THE DEFENSE AUTOMATED PRINTING SERVICE Report No. 98-201 September 23, 1998 Office of the Inspector...ACCOUNTING SERVICE DIRECTOR, DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY DIRECTOR, DEFENSE AUTOMATED PRINTING SERVICE SUBJECT: Audit Report on FY 1997 Financial Reporting by the...General for Auditing Office of the Inspector General, DoD Report No. 98-201 September 23, 1998 (Project No. 8FJ-2002.04) FY 1997 Financial Reporting by the

Proteomics in Argentina - limitations and future perspectives: A special emphasis on meat proteomics.

PubMed

Fadda, Silvina; Almeida, André M

2015-11-01

Argentina is one of the most relevant countries in Latin America, playing a major role in regional economics, culture and science. Over the last 80 years, Argentinean history has been characterized by several upward and downward phases that had major consequences on the development of science in the country and most recently on proteomics. In this article, we characterize the evolution of Proteomics sciences in Argentina over the last decade and a half. We describe the proteomics publication output of the country in the framework of the regional and international contexts, demonstrating that Argentina is solidly anchored in a regional context, showing results similar to other emergent and Latin American countries, albeit still far from the European, American or Australian realities. We also provide a case-study on the importance of Proteomics to a specific sector in the area of food science: the use of bacteria of technological interest, highlighting major achievements obtained by Argentinean proteomics scientists. Finally, we provide a general picture of the endeavors being undertaken by Argentinean Proteomics scientists and their international collaborators to promote the Proteomics-based research with the new generation of scientists and PhD students in both Argentina and other countries in the Southern cone. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

32 CFR 199.7 - Claims submission, review, and payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Claims submission, review, and payment. 199.7 Section 199.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... patient's treatment and progress. Accurate and timely completion of orders, notes, etc., enable different...

Fe hydroxyphosphate precipitation and Fe(II) oxidation kinetics upon aeration of Fe(II) and phosphate-containing synthetic and natural solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Grift, B.; Behrends, T.; Osté, L. A.; Schot, P. P.; Wassen, M. J.; Griffioen, J.

2016-08-01

Exfiltration of anoxic Fe-rich groundwater into surface water and the concomitant oxidative precipitation of Fe are important processes controlling the transport of phosphate (PO4) from agricultural areas to aquatic systems. Here, we explored the relationship between solution composition, reaction kinetics, and the characteristics of the produced Fe hydroxyphosphate precipitates in a series of aeration experiments with anoxic synthetic water and natural groundwater. A pH stat device was used to maintain constant pH and to record the H+ production during Fe(II) oxidation in the aeration experiments in which the initial aqueous P/Fe ratios ((P/Fe)ini), oxygen concentration and pH were varied. In general, Fe(II) oxidation proceeded slower in the presence of PO4 but the decrease of the PO4 concentration during Fe(II) oxidation due to the formation of Fe hydroxyphosphates caused additional deceleration of the reaction rate. The progress of the reaction could be described using a pseudo-second-order rate law with first-order dependencies on PO4 and Fe(II) concentrations. After PO4 depletion, the Fe(II) oxidation rates increased again and the kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order rate law. The first-order rate constants after PO4 depletion, however, were lower compared to the Fe(II) oxidation in a PO4-free solution. Hence, the initially formed Fe hydroxyphosphates also affect the kinetics of continuing Fe(II) oxidation after PO4 depletion. Presence of aqueous PO4 during oxidation of Fe(II) led to the formation of Fe hydroxyphosphates. The P/Fe ratios of the precipitates ((P/Fe)ppt) and the recorded ratio of H+ production over decrease in dissolved Fe(II) did not change detectably throughout the reaction despite a changing P/Fe ratio in the solution. When (P/Fe)ini was 0.9, precipitates with a (P/Fe)ppt ratio of about 0.6 were formed. In experiments with (P/Fe)ini ratios below 0.6, the (P/Fe)ppt decreased with decreasing (P/Fe)ini and pH value. Aeration experiments with

Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on intestinal parasites in Argentina during the period 1985-2014.

PubMed

Basualdo, Juan A; Grenóvero, María S; Bertucci, Evangelina; Molina, Nora B

2016-01-01

The study of scientific production is a good indicator of the progress in research and knowledge generation. Bibliometrics is a scientific discipline that uses a set of indicators to quantitatively express the bibliographic characteristics of scientific publications. The scientific literature on the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in Argentina is scattered in numerous sources, hindering access and visibility to the scientific community. Our purpose was to perform a quantitative, bibliometric study of the scientific literature on intestinal parasites in humans in Argentina published in the period 1985-2014. This bibliometric analysis showed an increase in the number of articles on intestinal parasites in humans in Argentina published over the past 30 years. Those articles showed a collaboration index similar to that of the literature, with a high index of institutionality for national institutions and a very low one for international collaboration. The original articles were published in scientific journals in the American Continent, Europe and Asia. The use of bibliometric indicators can provide a solid tool for the diagnosis and survey of the research on epidemiology of intestinal parasites and contributes to the dissemination and visibility of information on the scientific production developed in Argentina. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Trend in infant mortality rate in Argentina within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals.

PubMed

Finkelstein, Juliana Z; Duhau, Mariana; Speranza, Ana

2016-06-01

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an indicator of the health status of a population and of the quality of and access to health care services. In 2000, and within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals, Argentina committed to achieve by 2015 a reduction by two thirds of its 1990 infant mortality rate, and to identify and close inter-jurisdictional gaps. The objective of this article is to describe the trend in infant mortality rate in Argentina and interjurisdictional gaps, infant mortality magnitude and causes, in compliance with the Millennium Development Goals. A descriptive study on infant mortality was conducted in Argentina in 1990 and between 2000 and 2013, based on vital statistics data published by the Health Statistics and Information Department of the Ministry of Health of Argentina. The following reductions were confirmed: 57.8% in IMR, 52.6% in neonatal mortality rate and 63.8% in post-neonatal mortality rate. The inter-provincial Gini coefficient for IMR decreased by 27%. The population attributable risk decreased by 16.6% for IMR, 38.8% for neonatal mortality rate and 51.5% for post-neonatal mortality rate in 2013 versus 1990. A significant reduction in infant mortality and its components has been shown, but not enough to meet the Millennium Development Goals. The reduction in IMR gaps reached the set goal; however, inequalities still persist. Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.

Antimicrobial Resistance among Campylobacter Strains, United States, 1997–2001

PubMed Central

Nelson, Jennifer M.; Barrett, Timothy J.; Tauxe, Robert V.; Rossiter, Shannon P.; Friedman, Cindy R.; Joyce, Kevin W.; Smith, Kirk E.; Jones, Timothy F.; Hawkins, Marguerite A.; Shiferaw, Beletshachew; Beebe, James L.; Vugia, Duc J.; Rabatsky-Ehr, Terry; Benson, James A.; Root, Timothy P.; Angulo, Frederick J.

2004-01-01

We summarize antimicrobial resistance surveillance data in human and chicken isolates of Campylobacter. Isolates were from a sentinel county study from 1989 through 1990 and from nine state health departments participating in National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for enteric bacteria (NARMS) from 1997 through 2001. None of the 297 C. jejuni or C. coli isolates tested from 1989 through 1990 was ciprofloxacin-resistant. From 1997 through 2001, a total of 1,553 human Campylobacter isolates were characterized: 1,471 (95%) were C. jejuni, 63 (4%) were C. coli, and 19 (1%) were other Campylobacter species. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was 13% (28 of 217) in 1997 and 19% (75 of 384) in 2001; erythromycin resistance was 2% (4 of 217) in 1997 and 2% (8 of 384) in 2001. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was isolated from 10% of 180 chicken products purchased from grocery stores in three states in 1999. Ciprofloxacin resistance has emerged among Campylobacter since 1990 and has increased in prevalence since 1997. PMID:15207064

Astronomy Teaching in Argentina in the 19th Century. (Spanish Title: La Enseñanza de la Astronomía en la Argentina del Siglo XIX.) O Ensino de Astronomia na Argentina no Século XIX

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Norberto Cornejo, Jorge; Santilli, Haydée

2010-12-01

Sarmiento believed that Copernican astronomy was one of the critical scientific disciplines to the formation of a "modern" citizen. In this work, we shall study astronomical science from two points of view: from the scientific knowledge and the educational presentation of such knowledge. Our study will address in Argentina in 19th century, starting from the initiative of Bernardino Rivadavia in 1821, who founded an astronomic observatory at Buenos Aires, until the first activities of the observatories at Córdoba and La Plata. On both lines, scientific and educative, we shall analyze the influence of positivist ideas. We shall highlight epistemological differences between both observatories, Córdoba's based on French positivism and La Plata's based on German positivism. We shall also show the different attitude of both observatories towards education. We shall see the way in which positivist ideas had great relevance in the training of elementary school teachers. We shall also establish the relevant influence of the socio-historical context over the astronomical development, and show that astronomy was a fundamental social factor at Argentina history. Domingo F. Sarmiento consideraba que la astronomía copernicana era una de las disciplinas científicas fundamentales para la conformación de un ciudadano "moderno". En este trabajo estudiaremos la ciencia astronómica desde dos vertientes: la referida específicamente al conocimiento científico y aquella vinculada con la presentación educativa de dicho conocimiento. Nuestro estudio se desarrollará en Argentina durante el siglo XIX, desde la iniciativa de Bernardino Rivadavia en 1821, de establecer en Buenos Aires un observatorio astronómico, hasta las primeras actividades de los observatorios de Córdoba y de La Plata. En ambas vertientes, científica y educativa, analizaremos la influencia de las ideas positivistas. Resaltaremos las diferencias epistemológicas entre los dos observatorios, orientado el primero

Effect of a CoFeB layer on the anisotropic magnetoresistance of Ta/CoFeB/MgO/NiFe/MgO/CoFeB/Ta films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Minghua; Shi, Hui; Dong, Yuegang; Ding, Lei; Han, Gang; Zhang, Yao; Liu, Ye; Yu, Guanghua

2017-10-01

The anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and magnetic properties of NiFe films can be remarkably enhanced via CoFeB layer. In the case of an ultrathin NiFe film having a Ta/CoFeB/MgO/NiFe/MgO/CoFeB/Ta structure, the CoFeB/MgO layers suppressed the formation of magnetic dead layers and the interdiffusions and interface reactions between the NiFe and Ta layers. The AMR reached a maximum value of 3.56% at 450 °C. More importantly, a single NiFe (1 1 1) peak can be formed resulting in higher AMR values for films having CoFeB layer. This enhanced AMR also originated from the significant specular reflection of electrons owing to the crystalline MgO layer, together with the sharp interfaces with the NiFe layer. These factors together resulted in higher AMR and improved magnetic properties.

Preliminary spectrum of genetic variants in familial hypercholesterolemia in Argentina.

PubMed

Bañares, Virginia G; Corral, Pablo; Medeiros, Ana Margarida; Araujo, María Beatriz; Lozada, Alfredo; Bustamante, Juan; Cerretini, Roxana; López, Graciela; Bourbon, Mafalda; Schreier, Laura E

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and early cardiovascular disease. As cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in Argentina, early identification of patients with FH is of great public health importance. The aim of our study was to identify families with FH and to approximate to the characterization of the genetic spectrum mutations of FH in Argentina. Thirty-three not related index cases were selected with clinical diagnosis of FH. Genetic analysis was performed by sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and bioinformatics tools. Twenty genetic variants were identified among 24 cases (73%), 95% on the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene. The only variant on APOB was the R3527Q. Four were novel variants: c.-135C>A, c.170A>C p.(Asp57Ala), c.684G>C p.(Glu228Asp), and c.1895A>T p.(Asn632Ile); the bioinformatics' analysis revealed clear destabilizing effects for 2 of them. The exon 14 presented the highest number of variants (32%). Four variants were observed in more than 1 case and the c.2043C>A p.(Cys681*) was carried by 18% of index cases. Two true homozygotes, 3 compound heterozygotes, and 1 double heterozygote were identified. This study characterizes for the first time in Argentina genetic variants associated with FH and suggest that the allelic heterogeneity of the FH in the country could have 1 relative common low-density lipoprotein receptor mutation. This knowledge is important for the genotype-phenotype correlation and for optimizing both cholesterol-lowering therapies and mutational analysis protocols. In addition, these data contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of FH in Argentina. Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Population changes in bats from central Arizona: 1972 and 1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

O'Shea, T.J.; Vaughan, T.A.

1999-01-01

Prompted by concern about declining bat populations in the southwestern United States, we surveyed for changes in populations between 1972 and 1997 at a study area in central Arizona. We duplicated earlier searches of ancient Indian dwellings and crevices in surrounding cliffs for diurnally roosting bats during the time of year when maternity colonies should have been present, and repeated mist-netting to capture bats in flight along the cliffs at night. Antrozous pallidus was gone. A maternity colony of Myotis velifer no longer existed. Tadarida brasiliensis was rare in 1997 compared to 1972; aggregations of Myotis yumanensis seen in 1972 were missing in 1997. Breeding Corynorhinus townsendii were found in 1997, but were unknown at this location in 1972. Small numbers of Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis californicus, and Pipistrellus hesperus occupied the site in both 1972 and 1997. Additionally, museum records show that most of the bats we documented at this site also were present in 1931. Surrounding habitat did not appear substantially different between 1972 and 1997, and a reconstruction of possible impacts from bat biologists did not suggest that researchers caused the local extinctions we document. The most obvious change over 25 years was a dramatic increase in recreational use of the area. We believe that disturbances associated with recreationists resulted in the observed population changes, primarily through roost abandonment.

New records of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) found in phytotelmata in Northern Argentina.

PubMed

Stein, Marina; Alvarez, Carla N; Alonso, Ana C; Bangher, DÉbora N; Willener, Juana A; Campos, RaÚl E

2018-03-20

The geographical distributions of Culex (Carrollia) secundus, Cx. (Microculex) davisi, Cx. (Phytotelmatomyia) castroi, Cx. (Phy.) renatoi, Lutzia (Lutzia) allostigma, Sabethes (Peytonulus) undosus, Sa. (Sabethoides) glaucodaemon, Toxorhynchites (Lynchiella) bambusicola, Tx. (Lyn.) theobaldi, Wyeomyia (Dodecamyia) aphobema, Wy. (Miamyia) codiocampa and Wy. serratoria (subgenus uncertain) are extended, including new records for four provinces in Argentina and four new records for the country, increasing the number of species known to occur in Argentina from 242 to 246.

National History Day 1997 Supplement: Triumph & Tragedy in History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorn, Cathy

1996-01-01

Reports on the procedures, standards, and topics involved in the 1997 National History Day. National History Day is a year-long contest where students research primary sources and prepare papers, projects, performances, and media based on a historical theme. The 1997 theme is "Triumph and Tragedy in History." (MJP)

Executive Committee Report, April 2004

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarquis, Jerry L.; Holme, Thomas; Cooper, Melanie; White, Carol

2004-01-01

Anaheim executive committee report, April 2004 of American Chemical Society (ACS) is presented. It salutes the recipients of ACS awards at the CHED session and also covers the Spring 2004 ACS meeting abstracts, nominations for the division office and councilor's report.

Recognition of Culex Bidens Dyar and Culex Interfor Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae) as Separate Species

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

genitalia. ARGENTINA. Corrientes : locality not specified, 6 specimens. Jujuy: Ledesma, 1 specimen. Santa fe: Calchaqui’, 1 specimen; Humboldt, 2 specimens...close to surface of lateral plate. MATERIAL EXAHINED: 42 male genitalia. ARGENTINA. Chaco: locality not specified, 2 specimens. Corrientes

Contribution to the knowledge of pathogenic fungi of spiders in Argentina. Southernmost record in the world.

PubMed

Manfrino, Romina G; González, Alda; Barneche, Jorge; Tornesello Galván, Julieta; Hywell-Jones, Nigel; López Lastra, Claudia C

The aim of this study was to identify entomopathogenic fungi infecting spiders (Araneae) in a protected area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The Araneae species identified was Stenoterommata platensis. The pathogens identified were Lecanicillium aphanocladii Zare & W. Gams, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel Jones & Samson and Ophiocordyceps caloceroides (Berk & M.A. Curtis). This study constitutes the southernmost records in the world and contributes to expanding the knowledge of the biodiversity of pathogenic fungi of spiders in Argentina. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

A [4Fe-4S]-Fe(CO)(CN)-l-cysteine intermediate is the first organometallic precursor in [FeFe] hydrogenase H-cluster bioassembly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rao, Guodong; Tao, Lizhi; Suess, Daniel L. M.; Britt, R. David

2018-05-01

Biosynthesis of the [FeFe] hydrogenase active site (the 'H-cluster') requires the interplay of multiple proteins and small molecules. Among them, the radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme HydG, a tyrosine lyase, has been proposed to generate a complex that contains an Fe(CO)2(CN) moiety that is eventually incorporated into the H-cluster. Here we describe the characterization of an intermediate in the HydG reaction: a [4Fe-4S][(Cys)Fe(CO)(CN)] species, 'Complex A', in which a CO, a CN- and a cysteine (Cys) molecule bind to the unique 'dangler' Fe site of the auxiliary [5Fe-4S] cluster of HydG. The identification of this intermediate—the first organometallic precursor to the H-cluster—validates the previously hypothesized HydG reaction cycle and provides a basis for elucidating the biosynthetic origin of other moieties of the H-cluster.

Atom exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and structural Fe in clay minerals.

PubMed

Neumann, Anke; Wu, Lingling; Li, Weiqiang; Beard, Brian L; Johnson, Clark M; Rosso, Kevin M; Frierdich, Andrew J; Scherer, Michelle M

2015-03-03

Due to their stability toward reductive dissolution, Fe-bearing clay minerals are viewed as a renewable source of Fe redox activity in diverse environments. Recent findings of interfacial electron transfer between aqueous Fe(II) and structural Fe in clay minerals and electron conduction in octahedral sheets of nontronite, however, raise the question whether Fe interaction with clay minerals is more dynamic than previously thought. Here, we use an enriched isotope tracer approach to simultaneously trace Fe atom movement from the aqueous phase to the solid ((57)Fe) and from the solid into the aqueous phase ((56)Fe). Over 6 months, we observed a significant decrease in aqueous (57)Fe isotope fraction, with a fast initial decrease which slowed after 3 days and stabilized after about 50 days. For the aqueous (56)Fe isotope fraction, we observed a similar but opposite trend, indicating that Fe atom movement had occurred in both directions: from the aqueous phase into the solid and from the solid into aqueous phase. We calculated that 5-20% of structural Fe in clay minerals NAu-1, NAu-2, and SWa-1 exchanged with aqueous Fe(II), which significantly exceeds the Fe atom layer exposed directly to solution. Calculations based on electron-hopping rates in nontronite suggest that the bulk conduction mechanism previously demonstrated for hematite1 and suggested as an explanation for the significant Fe atom exchange observed in goethite2 may be a plausible mechanism for Fe atom exchange in Fe-bearing clay minerals. Our finding of 5-20% Fe atom exchange in clay minerals indicates that we need to rethink how Fe mobility affects the macroscopic properties of Fe-bearing phyllosilicates and its role in Fe biogeochemical cycling, as well as its use in a variety of engineered applications, such as landfill liners and nuclear repositories.

U.S. Emissions Inventory 1997

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

View the 1997 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory developed by the U.S. Government to meet U.S. commitments under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This version of the inventory covers the period from 1990 to 1995.

Australian Vocational Education and Training Statistics 1997 in Detail.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia).

This publication reflects the diversity of the Australian vocational education and training system at client, provider, and program levels. Following an introduction, section 2 presents a summary of data on: Australia by provider type; Australia, 1997 and 1996; states and territories, 1997; and activity in vocational programs. Section 3, arranged…

Family Dynamics and Personal Strengths among Dementia Caregivers in Argentina

PubMed Central

Elnasseh, Aaliah G.; Trujillo, Michael A.; Peralta, Silvina Victoria; Stolfi, Miriam E.; Morelli, Eliana; Perrin, Paul B.

2016-01-01

This study examined whether healthier family dynamics were associated with higher personal strengths of resilience, sense of coherence, and optimism among dementia caregivers in Argentina. Caregivers are usually required to assist individuals with dementia, and family members have typically fulfilled that role. Personal strengths such as resilience, sense of coherence, and optimism have been shown to protect caregivers from some of the negative experiences of providing care, though the family-related variables associated with these personal strengths are largely unknown. Hierarchical multiple regressions investigated the extent to which family dynamics variables are associated with each of the caregiver personal strengths after controlling for demographic and caregiver characteristics. A sample of 105 caregivers from Argentina completed a set of questionnaires during a neurologist visit. Family dynamics explained 32% of the variance in resilience and 39% of the variance in sense of coherence. Greater family empathy and decreased family problems were uniquely associated with higher resilience. Greater communication and decreased family problems were uniquely associated with higher sense of coherence. Optimism was not found to be significantly associated with family dynamics. These results suggest that caregiver intervention research focused on the family may help improve caregiver personal strengths in Argentina and other Latin American countries. PMID:27413574

Health care for older persons in Argentina: a country profile.

PubMed

Montero-Odasso, Manuel; Przygoda, Pablo; Redondo, Nélida; Adamson, Juan; Kaplan, Roberto

2004-10-01

Argentina is a large country situated at the southern end of the Americas. It is highly urbanized, and almost one-third of the population lives in the capital city and its surrounding area (Buenos Aires). The population is composed of heterogeneous groups, formed primarily by descendants of European immigration who constitute 85% of the inhabitants. In the last 30 years, Argentina has witnessed a growth in the elderly population from less than 7% to nearly 10% of the total population. Additionally, in Buenos Aires City, more than 17% are aged 65 or older. The healthcare systems for the elderly lack nationwide coverage. The Programa de Atención Médica Integral (PAMI) is the largest program for elderly care. It is a state-run program for disabled and senior citizens. PAMI serves 65% of the approximately 3.6 million older people in Argentina. The quality of PAMI healthcare delivery has decreased in the last 2 decades and has largely declined since the Argentinean economic crisis of late 2001. The rehabilitation and long-term care services are relatively underdeveloped, and fewer than 2% of senior citizens live in residential or nursing homes. Recently, the government has proposed a system of care built up from the primary care resources of the community.

Process and genes for expression and overexpression of active [FeFe] hydrogenases

DOEpatents

Seibert, Michael; King, Paul W; Ghirardi, Maria Lucia; Posewitz, Matthew C; Smolinski, Sharon L

2014-09-16

A process for expression of active [FeFe]-hydrogenase in a host organism that does not contain either the structural gene(s) for [FeFe]-hydrogenases and/or homologues for the maturation genes HydE, HydF and HyG, comprising: cloning the structural hydrogenase gene(s) and/or the maturation genes HydE, HydF and HydG from an organisms that contains these genes into expression plasmids; transferring the plasmids into an organism that lacks a native [FeFe]-hydrogenase or that has a disrupted [FeFe]-hydrogenase and culturing it aerobically; and inducing anaerobiosis to provide [FeFe] hydrogenase biosynthesis and H?2#191 production.

Connecting [NiFe]- and [FeFe]-Hydrogenases: Mixed-Valence Nickel-Iron Dithiolates With Rotated Structures

PubMed Central

Schilter, David; Rauchfuss, Thomas B.; Stein, Matthias

2012-01-01

A series of mixed-valence iron-nickel dithiolates is described that exhibits structures similar to those of mixed-valence diiron dithiolates. Interaction of tricarbonyl salt [(dppe)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)3]BF4 ([1]BF4, dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2, pdtH2 = HSCH2CH2CH2SH) with P-donor ligands (L) afforded the substituted derivatives [(dppe)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)2L]BF4 incorporating L = PHCy2 ([1a]BF4), PPh(NEt2)2 ([1b]BF4), P(NMe2)3 ([1c]BF4), P(i-Pr)3 ([1d]BF4) and PCy3 ([1e]BF4). The related precursor [(dcpe)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)3]BF4 ([2]BF4, dcpe = Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2) gave the more electron-rich family of compounds [(dcpe)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)2L]BF4 for L = PPh2(2-pyridyl) ([2a]BF4), PPh3 ([2b]BF4) and PCy3 ([2c]BF4). For bulky and strongly basic monophosphorus ligands, the salts feature distorted Fe coordination geometries: crystallographic analyses of [1e]BF4 and [2c]BF4 showed they adopt ‘rotated’ Fe(I) centers, in which PCy3 occupies a basal site and one CO ligand partially bridges the Ni and Fe centers. Like the undistorted mixed-valence derivatives, the new class of complexes are described as Ni(II)Fe(I) (S = ½) systems according to EPR spectroscopy, although with attenuated 31P hyperfine interactions. DFT calculations using the BP86, B3LYP, and PBE0 exchange-correlation functionals agree with the structural and spectroscopic data, suggesting that the spin for [1e]+ is localized in a Fe(I)-centered d(z2) orbital, orthogonal to the Fe-P bond. The PCy3 complexes, rare examples of species featuring ‘rotated’ Fe centers, both structurally and spectroscopically resemble mixed-valence diiron dithiolates. Also reproducing the NiS2Fe core of the [NiFe]-H2ase active site, the hybrid models incorporate key features of the two major classes of H2ase. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry experiments suggest that the highly basic phosphine ligands enable a second oxidation corresponding to the couple [(dxpe)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)2L]+/2+. The resulting unsaturated 32e− dications represent the closest approach to

Missouri's forest resources in 2004

Treesearch

W. Keith Moser; Mark H. Hansen; Thomas Treiman; Bruce Moltzan; Robert Lawrence; Gary J. Brand

2006-01-01

Reports the initial results of five annual panels (2000-2004) of the inventory of Missouri's forest resources and one panel (2004) of growth, removals, and mortality. Includes information on forest area, number of trees, volume, biomass, growth, removals, mortality, and forest health.

Indiana's forest resources in 2004

Treesearch

Christopher Woodall; Gary Brand; Joey Gallion

2006-01-01

Reports the initial results of five annual panels (2000-2004) of the inventory of Indiana's forest resources and one panel (2004) of growth, removals, and mortality. Includes information on forest area, number of trees, volume, biomass, growth, removals, mortality, and forest health.

Iowa's forest resources in 2004

Treesearch

Susan J. Crocker; W. Keith Moser; Gary J. Brand; Aron Flickinger

2006-01-01

Reports analysis of data for five annual panels (2000-2004) of inventory of Iowa's forest resources and one panel (1999 to 2004) of growth, removals, and mortality. Includes information on fores area, number of trees, volume, biomass growth, removals, mortality, and forest health.

Pathogenic Hantaviruses, Northeastern Argentina and Eastern Paraguay

PubMed Central

Martinez, Valeria P.; Bellomo, Carla; Maidana, Silvina; San Juan, Jorge; Tagliaferri, Paulina; Bargardi, Severino; Vazquez, Cynthia; Colucci, Norma; Estévez, Julio; Almiron, María

2007-01-01

We describe the first, to our knowledge, cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay. Andes and Juquitiba (JUQ) viruses were characterized. JUQV was also confirmed in 5 Oligoryzomys nigripes reservoir species from Misiones. A novel Akodon-borne genetic hantavirus lineage was detected in 1 rodent from the Biologic Reserve of Limoy. PMID:17953094

Assessing Argentina's response to H1N1 in austral winter 2009: from presidential lethargy to local ingenuity.

PubMed

Stern, Alexandra Minna; Koreck, Maria Teresa; Markel, Howard

2011-01-01

Argentina experienced a heavy burden of novel H1N1 influenza in austral winter 2009. In early July 2009, Argentina reported more than 1,500 cases and was confronting the highest per capita H1N1 mortality rate in the world. By September 2009, more than 500 people had died of H1N1 in Argentina. Unlike sister countries Chile and Mexico, Argentina's national authorities did not respond by implementing mitigation measures such as public gathering bans and school closures or by issuing broad-based messages about personal hygiene and disease prevention. Around the globe, many observers expressed dismay at this inaction. For example, The Economist scolded the country's leadership for its halting response and seeming apathy to an escalating health crisis. Why did Argentina, a middle-income country with a developed and, in many respects, sophisticated system of health and education, fall short in enacting a national pandemic plan during the 2009 H1N1 outbreak? What can we learn from Argentina's experiences about obstacles and opportunities during a pandemic crisis? This article, based on extensive qualitative research, including document capture, media analysis, and oral history interviews, assesses Argentina's mixed response to H1N1 during austral winter 2009, and adds to a growing body of studies focused on how governments and health systems in the Americas performed during the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic. When the first cases of novel H1N1 influenza were identified by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in mid-April 2009, Argentina's national health ministry appeared to be prepared. Starting in 2002, primarily in response to the prospect of avian influenza, the health ministry had formulated a preparedness plan and, beginning in 2005, had conducted at least five pandemic simulation exercises. In April 2009, Argentina's health ministry activated its pandemic response plan, triggering the establishment of an executive-level situation room equipped with

NRVS and EPR Spectroscopy of 57Fe-enriched [FeFe] Hydrogenase Indicate Stepwise Assembly of the H-cluster†

PubMed Central

Kuchenreuther, Jon M.; Guo, Yisong; Wang, Hongxin; Myers, William K.; George, Simon J.; Boyke, Christine A.; Yoda, Yoshitaka; Alp, E. Ercan; Zhao, Jiyong; Britt, R. David; Swartz, James R.; Cramer, Stephen P.

2013-01-01

The [FeFe] hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum (CpI) harbors four Fe–S clusters that facilitate electron transfer to the H-cluster, a ligand-coordinated six-iron prosthetic group that catalyzes the redox interconversion of protons and H2. Here, we have used 57Fe nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) to study the iron centers in CpI, and we compare our data to that for a [4Fe–4S] ferredoxin as well as a model complex resembling the [2Fe]H catalytic domain of the H-cluster. In order to enrich the hydrogenase with 57Fe nuclei, we used cell-free methods to post-translationally mature the enzyme. Specifically, inactive CpI apoprotein with 56Fe-labeled Fe–S clusters was activated in vitro using 57Fe-enriched maturation proteins. This approach enabled us to selectively label the [2Fe]H subcluster with 57Fe, which NRVS confirms by detecting 57Fe–CO and 57Fe–CN normal modes from the H-cluster nonprotein ligands. The NRVS and iron quantification results also suggest that the hydrogenase contains a second 57Fe–S cluster. EPR spectroscopy indicates that this 57Fe-enriched metal center is not the [4Fe– 4S]H subcluster of the H-cluster. This finding demonstrates that the CpI hydrogenase retained an 56Fe-enriched [4Fe–4S]H cluster during in vitro maturation, providing unambiguous evidence for stepwise assembly of the H-cluster. In addition, this work represents the first NRVS characterization of [FeFe] hydrogenases. PMID:23249091

Nature of impurities in fertilizers containing EDDHMA/Fe(3+), EDDHSA/Fe(3+), and EDDCHA/Fe(3+) chelates.

PubMed

Alvarez-Fernández, Ana; Cremonini, Mauro A; Sierra, Miguel A; Placucci, Giuseppe; Lucena, Juan J

2002-01-16

Iron chelates derived from ethylenediaminedi(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDHA), ethylenediaminedi(o-hydroxy-p-methylphenylacetic) acid (EDDHMA), ethylenediaminedi(2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenylacetic) acid (EDDHSA), and ethylenediaminedi(5-carboxy-2-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDCHA) are remarkably efficient in correcting iron chlorosis in plants growing in alkaline soils. This work reports the determination of impurities in commercial samples of fertilizers containing EDDHMA/Fe(3+), EDDHSA/Fe(3+), and EDDCHA/Fe(3+). The active components (EDDHMA/Fe(3+), EDDHSA/Fe(3+), and EDDCHA/Fe(3+)) were separated easily from other compounds present in the fertilizers by HPLC. Comparison of the retention times and the UV-visible spectra of the peaks obtained from commercial EDDHSA/Fe(3+) and EDDCHA/Fe(3+) samples with those of standard solutions showed that unreacted starting materials (p-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively) were always present in the commercial products. 1D and 2D NMR experiments showed that commercial fertilizers based on EDDHMA/Fe(3+) contained impurities having structures tentatively assigned to iron chelates of two isomers of EDDHMA. These findings suggest that current production processes of iron chelates used in agriculture need to be improved.

Tourmaline orbicules in peraluminous monzogranites of Argentina: A study case of fluid-rock interaction between leucogranite and country-rock metasediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lira, Raúl; Poklepovic, María F.

2017-12-01

Tourmaline orbicules hosted in peraluminous granites are documented worldwide. Seven occurrences were identified in Argentina. Petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry mass balance and microthermometric studies were performed in orbicules formed at the cupola of a peraluminous A-type leucogranite (Los Riojanos pluton), as well as complementary investigation was achieved in other orbicules of similar geological setting. Mass balance computations in zoned orbicules consistently confirmed immobility of Si both in core and halo, immobility of K and little loss of Al during halo reactions. Elements gained and lost in the schorl-rich core are Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, Ba, Sr, Y and Zr, and Na, K, Rb and Nb, respectively; in the halo, K, Ba, Sr, Y, Zr and locally CaO, were gained, and Fe, Mg, Na, Al, Rb and Nb were lost. The schorl-rich core is enriched in LREE relative to the leucogranite host. A temperature-salinity plot from fluid inclusion data delineates a magmatic-meteoric mixing trend of diluting salinity with descending temperature. Computed δDH20 values from Los Riojanos orbicule schorl suggest magmatic and magmatic-meteoric mixed origins. In Los Riojanos, mass balance constraints suggest that Fe, Mg, Ba, Sr and metallic traces like Zn and V (±Pb) were most likely derived from country-rock schists and gneisses through fluid-rock exchange reactions. A late magmatic-, volatile-rich- fluid exsolution scenario for the formation of orbicules is envisaged. Schorl crystallization was likely delayed to the latest stages of leucogranite consolidation, not only favored by the high diffusivity of B2O3 preferentially partitioned into the exsolved aqueous-rich fluid, but also likely limited to the low availability of Fe and Mg from the scarce granitic biotite, and to the high F- content of the melt. The spatial confination of orbicules to the contact zone granite-metasediments suggests that orbicules were not formed until exsolved fluids reached the boundary with the

jsc2004e37689

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-08-18

JSC2004-E-37689 (18 August 2004) --- Astronaut Steven W. Lindsey, STS-121 commander, uses a climbing apparatus to lower himself from a simulated trouble-plagued shuttle in an emergency egress training session in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Lindsey is wearing a training version of the shuttle launch and entry suit. United Space Alliance (USA) crew trainer David Pogue assisted Lindsey.

tech-rev_2004.htm

Science.gov Websites

November December January 2004 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 Happy New Year! 2 Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Presidents' Day 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 March 2004 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2

English Language Education in Primary Schooling in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porto, Melina

2016-01-01

This article describes public primary English language education in Argentina. I begin with background information about the country and a brief historical overview of education in general, accompanied by a portrait of primary schooling in particular. This overview involves local, political and economic considerations but also international…

Melting relations in the Fe-rich portion of the system FeFeS at 30 kb pressure

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brett, R.; Bell, P.M.

1969-01-01

The melting relations of FeFeS mixtures covering the composition range from Fe to Fe67S33 have been determined at 30 kb pressure. The phase relations are similar to those at low pressure. The eutectic has a composition of Fe72.9S27.1 and a temperature of 990??C. Solubility of S in Fe at elevated temperatures at 30 kb is of the same order of magnitude as at low pressure. Sulfur may have significantly lowered the melting point of iron in the upper mantle during the period of coalescence of metal prior to core formation in the primitive earth. ?? 1969.

Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the USA from 1997 to 2010: a population-based observational study.

PubMed

Castelblanco, Rodrigo Lopez; Lee, MinJae; Hasbun, Rodrigo

2014-09-01

Bacterial meningitis continues to be a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality, but the epidemiological trends after adjunctive dexamethasone recommendations are unknown in the USA. We aimed to describe the changing patterns among the most common bacterial causes in the USA after conjugate vaccination and to assess the association between adjunctive dexamethasone and mortality. For this population-based observational study, we searched information available from hospital discharges about incidence and inpatient mortality for the most important causes of community and nosocomial bacterial meningitis based on International Classification of Diseases coding across all hospitals in the USA between 1997 and 2010 with the HealthCare Cost Utilization Project (HCUP) network database. We calculated incidences according to US Census Bureau data and used a negative binomial regression model to evaluate the significance of changes over time. We assessed mortality from pneumococcus for three periods 1997-2001 (baseline), 2002-04 (transition years), and 2005-08 (after corticosteroid recommendations were available). Streptococcus pneumoniae incidence fell from 0·8 per 100 000 people in 1997, to 0·3 per 100 000 people by the end of 2010 (RR 0·3737, 95% CI 0·1825-0·7656). Mortality from pneumococcal meningitis decreased between 2005 (0·049 per 100 000 people) and 2008 (0·024 per 100 000 people) compared with between 2002 (0·073 per 100 000 people) and 2004 (0·063 per 100 000 people; RR 0·5720, 95% CI 0·4303-0·7582). The incidence of Neisseria meningitidis infection decreased from 0·721 per 100 000 people in 1997, to 0·123 per 100 000 people in 2010 (RR 0·1386, 95% CI 0·048-0·4284), which has placed this pathogen close to common bacterial causes of nosocomial meningitis such as staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacteria and to Haemophilus influenzae. S pneumoniae continues to be the leading identifiable cause of bacterial meningitis in the USA

Mapping of available heavy metals in Catamarca (Argentina)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roca, N.; Pazos, M. S.; Bech, J.

2009-04-01

Copper, iron, manganese and zinc are four essential elements for plant growth. Mapping heavy metal migration and distribution in soils is a preliminary step in assessing heavy metal availability in soils. However, data of qualitative and quantitative trace elements composition of soils of Argentina are scarce. Despite the small amounts required by plants, agricultural soils are usually deficient in one or more micronutrients, therefore, their concentration in plant tissues falls below the levels that allow optimal growth. Soil nature plays a fundamental role in the availability of micronutrients and their behaviour at a soil-plant level. The aim of this study is to determine the plant availability and areas of deficiency in agricultural soils with risk of salinization. The presented maps have been elaborated on the basis of the information provided by the monochromatic aerial photographs, scale 1:7000 and projected using the topographic information of the National Topographic Maps. Soils were sampled according to the spatial variation of soil types and land use. Sampling points were geo-referenced. Soil samples were analyzed at the laboratory for complete physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics. The percentage of organic matter is the determining factor in the presence and distribution of the available metals in the soils of the studied area, being the top horizon the one of greatest accumulation. CuDTPA, FeDPTA and MnDPTA are mobile within the profile, whereas ZnDPTA remains adsorbed without vertical displacement. ZnDTPA is the only available metal which also shows differences due to soil salinity and textural classes. However, soil geochemical conditions imply low extractability and a certain difficulty for micronutrient absorption by plants.

Exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among older adult patients hospitalized for peptic ulcer disease in Argentina: A case-control study.

PubMed

Insúa, Jorge; Mavros, Panagiotis; Hunsche, Elke; Kong, Sheldon; Tibaudin-Agver, Osvaldo

2006-09-01

This study examined the association between exposure to nonselective NSAIDs and hospitalization for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) among older adults in Argentina. This was a case-control study based on the medical records of 5 hospitals in Buenos Aires. Cases were patients aged > or =50 years and hospitalized with PUD between 1997 and 2002 who were identified by mode of presentation (acute abdominal pain, vomiting, hematemesis, melena, shock, and asymptomatic anemia, or admission for an unknown reason and a discharge diagnosis related to upper gastrointestinal complications). Controls were hospitalized patients without PUD and were matched to cases (1:1) by age, sex, and admission date. NSAID exposure was defined as the use of NSAIDs during the year before admission. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between exposure to nonselective NSAIDs and hospitalizations for PUD, after adjusting for predictors. Subgroup analyses were conducted on patients with severe PUD, moderate PUD, and those whose PUD was confirmed by endoscopy. The study included 324 cases and 324 matched controls. The mean patient age was 74 years. The discharge diagnoses indicated severe PUD in 46.3% (150/324), moderate PUD in 49.4% (160/324), and mild PUD in 4.3% (14/324) of cases. NSAID exposure was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for PUD (odds ratio [OR], 5.20; 95% CI, 3.31-8.15). Risk was also increased for severe PUD (OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.29-7.87) and moderate PUD (OR, 6.08; 95% CI, 3.09-11.96). A history of upper gastrointestinal complications was independently associated with hospitalization for PUD (OR, 14.62; 95% CI, 6.70-31.91). Use of nonselective NSAIDs is a significant risk factor for PUD-related hospitalizations among older adults in Argentina. The magnitude of the risk ratio resembles that reported for developed countries.

Ayurveda in Argentina and other Latin American countries

PubMed Central

Berra, Jorge Luis; Molho, Rosana

2010-01-01

Over the past 20 years the Fundacion Salud de Ayurved Prema Argentina has spread the knowledge of Ayurveda throughout Latin America. The Fundacion is based in Buenos Aires in the Argentine Republic, where it now runs courses in two of the country’s major medical schools - at the School of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires, and the National University of Cordoba’s School of Medicine. Based on an MoU with Gujarat Ayurveda University, at Jamnagar, Gujarat, the Fundacion has been accredited as a Collaborating Center for teaching, assistance and research in the field of Ayurvedic Medicine in Argentina. This has led to successful missions to other countries in the region where the Fundacion and its associates have been able to start dialogues with governments, and in places hold sizeable courses. The knowledge of Ayurveda is now spreading throughout South and Central America and hardly a country remains untouched by it. PMID:21547054

Past, present, and future of neuropsychology in Argentina.

PubMed

Fernandez, Alberto Luis; Ferreres, Aldo; Morlett-Paredes, Alejandra; Rivera, Diego; Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos

2016-11-01

To describe the history, current situation, and future challenges of Argentinian neuropsychology. A brief historical description highlighting the most representative authors and publications is made. In addition, a survey was administered to a sample of 135 neuropsychologists practicing neuropsychology in Argentina. The survey explored the current neuropsychological practices among the respondents. Results show that most Argentinian neuropsychologists are: psychologists, women, and work in the clinical field in the country's major cities. Besides, the practice of neuropsychology is mostly unregulated with few training opportunities. Argentinian neuropsychology emerged from neurology in the early twentieth century and slowly progressed until the 1960s when the first organized research groups were created. Since then, a substantial and steady progress followed. However, more training opportunities and a better regulation of the discipline are needed. No similar studies have been conducted in the past, thus becoming one of the first to describe the development of neuropsychology in Argentina.

Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; 2003-2004 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwartz, Jesse D.M.; Contor, Craig C.; Hoverson, Eric

2005-10-01

Basin developed with the efforts to restore natural populations of spring and fall Chinook salmon, (Oncorhynchus tshawytsha) coho salmon and (O. kisutch) and enhance summer steelhead (O. mykiss). The need for restoration began with agricultural development in the early 1900's that extirpated salmon and reduced steelhead runs (BOR 1988). The most notable development was the construction and operation of Three-Mile Falls Dam (3MD) and other irrigation projects that dewatered the Umatilla River during salmon migrations. The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) developed the Umatilla Hatchery Master Plan to restore the historical fisheries in the basin. The plan was completed in 1990 and included the following objectives: (1) Establish hatchery and natural runs of Chinook and coho salmon. (2) Enhance existing summer steelhead populations through a hatchery program. (3) Provide sustainable tribal and non-tribal harvest of salmon and steelhead. (4) Maintain the genetic characteristics of salmonids in the Umatilla River Basin. (5) Produce almost 48,000 adult returns to Three-Mile Falls Dam. The goals were reviewed in 1999 and were changed to 31,500 adult salmon and steelhead returns (Table 2). We conduct core long-term monitoring activities each year as well as two and three-year projects that address special needs for adaptive management. Examples of these projects include adult passage evaluations (Contor et al. 1995, Contor et al. 1996, Contor et al. 1997, Contor et al. 1998), genetic monitoring (Currens & Schreck 1995, Narum et al. 2004), and habitat assessment surveys (Contor et al. 1995, Contor et al. 1996, Contor et al. 1997, Contor et al. 1998). Our project goal is to provide quality information to managers and researchers working to restore anadromous salmonids to the Umatilla River Basin. This is the only project that monitors the restoration of naturally producing salmon and steelhead in

Magnetostrictive GMR spin valves with composite FeGa/FeCo free layers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Luping; Institute of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072; Zhan, Qingfeng, E-mail: zhanqf@nimte.ac.cn, E-mail: runweili@nimte.ac.cn

2016-03-15

We have fabricated strain-sensitive spin valves on flexible substrates by utilizing the large magnetostrictive FeGa alloy to promote the strain sensitivity and the composite free layer of FeGa/FeCo to avoid the drastic reduction of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio. This kind of spin valve (SV-FeGa/FeCo) displays a MR ratio about 5.9%, which is comparable to that of the conventional spin valve (SV-FeCo) with a single FeCo free layer. Different from the previously reported works on magnetostrictive spin valves, the SV-FeGa/FeCo displays an asymmetric strain dependent GMR behavior. Upon increasing the lateral strain, the MR ratio for the ascending branch decreases moremore » quickly than that for the descending branch, which is ascribed to the formation of a spiraling spin structure around the FeGa/FeCo interface under the combined influences of both magnetic field and mechanical strain. A strain sensitivity of GF = 7.2 was achieved at a magnetic bias field of -30 Oe in flexible SV-FeGa/FeCo, which is significantly larger than that of SV-FeCo.« less

Concussions during the 1997 Canadian Football League season.

PubMed

Delaney, J S; Lacroix, V J; Leclerc, S; Johnston, K M

2000-01-01

To examine the incidence and characteristics of concussions for one season in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Retrospective survey. 289 players reporting to CFL training camp. Of these, 154 players had played in the CFL during the 1997 season. Based on self-reported symptoms, calculations were made to determine the number of concussions experienced during the previous season, the duration of symptoms, the time for return to play after concussion, and any associated risk factors for concussions. Of all the athletes who played during the 1997 season, 44.8% experienced symptoms of a concussion. Only 18.8% of these concussed players recognized they had suffered a concussion. 69.6% of all concussed players experienced more than one episode. Symptoms lasted at least 1 day in 25.8% of cases. The odds of experiencing a concussion increased 13% with each game played. A past history of a loss of consciousness while playing football and a recognized concussion while playing football were both associated with increased odds of experiencing a concussion during the 1997 season. Many players experienced a concussion during the 1997 CFL season, but the majority of these players may not have recognized that fact. Players need to be better informed about the symptoms and effects of concussions.

A WRKY Transcription Factor Regulates Fe Translocation under Fe Deficiency.

PubMed

Yan, Jing Ying; Li, Chun Xiao; Sun, Li; Ren, Jiang Yuan; Li, Gui Xin; Ding, Zhong Jie; Zheng, Shao Jian

2016-07-01

Iron (Fe) deficiency affects plant growth and development, leading to reduction of crop yields and quality. Although the regulation of Fe uptake under Fe deficiency has been well studied in the past decade, the regulatory mechanism of Fe translocation inside the plants remains unknown. Here, we show that a WRKY transcription factor WRKY46 is involved in response to Fe deficiency. Lack of WRKY46 (wrky46-1 and wrky46-2 loss-of-function mutants) significantly affects Fe translocation from root to shoot and thus causes obvious chlorosis on the new leaves under Fe deficiency. Gene expression analysis reveals that expression of a nodulin-like gene (VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER1-LIKE1 [VITL1]) is dramatically increased in wrky46-1 mutant. VITL1 expression is inhibited by Fe deficiency, while the expression of WRKY46 is induced in the root stele. Moreover, down-regulation of VITL1 expression can restore the chlorosis phenotype on wrky46-1 under Fe deficiency. Further yeast one-hybrid and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that WRKY46 is capable of binding to the specific W-boxes present in the VITL1 promoter. In summary, our results demonstrate that WRKY46 plays an important role in the control of root-to-shoot Fe translocation under Fe deficiency condition via direct regulation of VITL1 transcript levels. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

High Prevalence of Ceftazidime-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Increase of Imipenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in Korea: a KONSAR Program in 2004

PubMed Central

Lee, Kyungwon; Lim, Chang Hyun; Cho, Ji Hyun; Lee, Wee Gyo; Uh, Young; Kim, Hwi Jun; Yong, Dongeun

2006-01-01

A nationwide antimicrobial resistance surveillance has been conducted since 1997 in Korea. In this study, susceptibility test data generated in 2004 by KONSAR group hospitals were analyzed and compared to those at a commercial laboratory. In hospitals, the rank orders of organisms in 2004 were identical to those in 2003. The most prevalent species was Staphylococcus aureus (20.2%) in hospitals, but Escherichia coli (29.7%) in the commercial laboratory. The proportions of Enterococcus faecium to all isolates of Enterococcus faecalis plus E. faecium were 47.2% in hospitals and 24.9% in the commercial laboratory. The mean resistance rates of significant antimicrobial-organism combinations in hospitals were: oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (68%), oxacillin-resistant (penicillin-nonsusceptible) Streptococcus pneumoniae (68%), vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (25%), cefotaxime-resistant E. coli (14%), ceftazidime- and cefoxitin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (34% and 32%, respectively), and imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17% and 24%, respectively). In conclusion, oxacillin-resistant staphylococci, expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae, and imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa were prevalent in 2004. Increasing trends were observed for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, cefoxitin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa. Certain antimicrobial-organism combinations were also prevalent among the commercial laboratory-tested strains. PMID:17066507

Differential Fe I Line Shifts as Convective Signatures in R = 40000 Échelle Spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gullberg, D.

Stellar surface convection causes spectral lines to become asymmetric and wavelength shifted. At moderate spectral resolution, some convective signatures remain visible, in particular wavelength shifts between different classes of spectral lines. Spectra obtained from the Moon, the Hyades and Ursa Major open-cluster stars, several IAU radial-velocity standards and some other stars were observed during 1997. The observations were made at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence using the echelle spectrograph Elodie (R=40,000). Even if the resolution and noise would prevent measurements of asymmetries in the lines, the shift of the entire line is measurable. In solar-type stars, deep FeI lines have less convective shift than shallow ones. To search for such signatures, synthetic correlation masks with FeI lines were created for only deep and only shallow lines respectively, where the line-depth breakpoint was set at 60% of the continuum. The line wavelengths were taken from the best empirical FeI linelist available. 287 largely unblended lines were selected, divided as 137 deep and 150 shallow ones. The spectra were correlated with the synthetic FeI templates, yielding separate velocities for the deep and shallow line groups. The results show a distinct inversion in the convective signature for F stars, as well as for one G0 supergiant, as compared to the Sun. This is compatible with bisector analyses found elsewhere in the literature. The granulation boundary for main-sequence stars is believed to lie around F0, although we see a convective signature inversion beginning already for late F stars. Future work will include incrementing the number of lines used, using also FeII and other species. Selection of line subsets will be based on atomic parameters, e.g. the lower excitation level and log gf. With a careful selection of lines, even extraction of bisector shapes might become possible from modest-resolution spectra.

Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona--2004-05

USGS Publications Warehouse

Truini, Margot; Macy, J.P.

2006-01-01

. Continuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from 1976 to 2004 at Moenkopi Wash, 1996 to 2004 at Laguna Creek, 1993 to 2004 at Dinnebito Wash, 1994 to 2004 at Polacca Wash, and August 2004 to December 2004 at Pasture Canyon Spring. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. Since 1995, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. Since the first continuous record of surface-water discharge in 1997, there is no consistent trend in the median winter flow for Laguna Creek. In 2005, water samples were collected from 11 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 122 to 639 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 9 of the wells and from all the springs had less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. There are some long-term trends in the chemistry of water samples from 7 wells having more than 10 years of data and from 2 springs. Rough Rock PM5, Keams Canyon PM2, Second Mesa PM2, and Kayenta PM2 show an increasing trend in dissolved solids; Forest Lake NTUA1 and PWCC 2 show a decreasing trend in dissolved solids; and Kykostmovi PM2 shows a steady trend. Increasing trends in dissolved-solids and chloride concentrations were evident from the more than 11 years of data for 2 springs.

Yellow fever vaccine-associated adverse events following extensive immunization in Argentina.

PubMed

Biscayart, Cristián; Carrega, María Eugenia Pérez; Sagradini, Sandra; Gentile, Angela; Stecher, Daniel; Orduna, Tomás; Bentancourt, Silvia; Jiménez, Salvador García; Flynn, Luis Pedro; Arce, Gabriel Pirán; Uboldi, María Andrea; Bugna, Laura; Morales, María Alejandra; Digilio, Clara; Fabbri, Cintia; Enría, Delia; Diosque, Máximo; Vizzotti, Carla

2014-03-05

As a consequence of YF outbreaks that hit Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay in 2008-2009, a significant demand for YF vaccination was subsequently observed in Argentina, a country where the usual vaccine recommendations are restricted to provinces that border Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The goal of this paper is to describe the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) against YF in Argentina during the outbreak in the northeastern province of Misiones, which occurred from January 2008 to January 2009. During this time, a total of nine cases were reported, almost two million doses of vaccine were administered, and a total of 165 AEFI were reported from different provinces. Case study analyses were performed using two AEFI classifications. Forty-nine events were classified as related to the YF vaccine (24 serious and 1 fatal case), and 12 events were classified as inconclusive. As the use of the YF 17D vaccine can be a challenge to health systems of countries with different endemicity patterns, a careful clinical and epidemiological evaluation should be performed before its prescription to minimize serious adverse events. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tobacco point-of-sale advertising in Guatemala City, Guatemala and Buenos Aires, Argentina

PubMed Central

Mejia, Raul; Szeinman, Debora; Kummerfeldt, Carlos E

2010-01-01

Objectives To determine tobacco point of sale advertising prevalence in Guatemala City, Guatemala and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods Convenience stores (120 per city) were chosen from randomly selected blocks in low, middle and high socioeconomic neighbourhoods. To assess tobacco point of sale advertising we used a checklist developed in Canada that was translated into Spanish and validated in both countries studied. Analysis was conducted by neighbourhood and store type. Results All stores sold cigarettes and most had tobacco products in close proximity to confectionery. In Guatemala, 60% of stores had cigarette ads. High and middle socioeconomic status neighbourhood stores had more indoor cigarette ads, but these differences were determined by store type: gas stations and supermarkets were more prevalent in high socioeconomic status neighbourhoods and had more indoor cigarette ads. In poorer areas, however, more ads could be seen from outside the stores, more stores were located within 100 metres of schools and fewer stores had ‘No smoking’ or ‘No sales to minors’ signs. In Argentina, 80% of stores had cigarette ads and few differences were observed by neighbourhood socioeconomic status. Compared to Guatemala, ‘No sales to minors’ signs were more prevalent in Argentina. Conclusions Tobacco point of sale advertising is highly prevalent in these two cities of Guatemala and Argentina. An advertising ban should also include this type of advertising. PMID:20530136

Population-based surveillance of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in Australia, 1997-2011.

PubMed

Jones, Cheryl A; Raynes-Greenow, Camille; Isaacs, David

2014-08-15

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is uncommon, but mortality after disseminated disease and morbidity after encephalitis are high. For the last decade, increased dose and duration of acyclovir has been advised to prevent disease progression and recurrence. We sought to determine prospectively the epidemiologic, clinical, and secular trends of this condition in Australia. This was prospective national active surveillance for neonatal HSV disease through the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit from 1997 to 2011. Case notification triggered a questionnaire requesting de-identified data from the pediatric clinician. We identified 131 confirmed cases of neonatal HSV disease in 15 years from 261 notifications (95% response). The reported incidence (3.27 cases per 100 000 live births overall; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73-3.86) was stable. Overall mortality was 18.8% (95% CI, 12.1-25.5); the mortality rate was significantly lower in the latter part of the study period, 2005-2011, compared with 1997-2004 (P = .04). There were significantly more young mothers (<20 years of age) compared with Australian birth record data (18.5% vs 4.8%; P < .001). HSV-1 infection was more common than HSV-2 (62.7% vs 37.3%; P < .001), and the rate of HSV-1 infections increased significantly over the surveillance period (P < .05). From 2002, most infants received high-dose acyclovir. The time from symptom onset to initiation of therapy in survivors did not change over time. Mortality from neonatal HSV infection has fallen but remains high. HSV-1 is the major serotype causing neonatal disease in Australia. Young mothers represent an important target group for prevention. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Perspective view of shaded relief, color as height, Patagonia, Argentina

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-02-20

This perspective view acquired by NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM from data collected in the year 2000 shows Patagonia, Argentina, a spectacular landscape formed by volcanoes, rivers, and wind.

Continuous-wave EPR at 275 GHz: Application to high-spin Fe 3+ systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathies, G.; Blok, H.; Disselhorst, J. A. J. M.; Gast, P.; van der Meer, H.; Miedema, D. M.; Almeida, R. M.; Moura, J. J. G.; Hagen, W. R.; Groenen, E. J. J.

2011-05-01

The 275 GHz electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectrometer we reported on in 2004 has been equipped with a new probe head, which contains a cavity especially designed for operation in continuous-wave mode. The sensitivity and signal stability that is achieved with this new probe head is illustrated with 275 GHz continuous-wave spectra of a 1 mM frozen solution of the complex Fe(III)-ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and of 10 mM frozen solutions of the protein rubredoxin, which contains Fe 3+ in its active site, from three different organisms. The high quality of the spectra of the rubredoxins allows the determination of the zero-field-splitting parameters with an accuracy of 0.5 GHz. The success of our approach results partially from the enhanced absolute sensitivity, which can be reached using a single-mode cavity. At least as important is the signal stability that we were able to achieve with the new probe head.

Southern pulpwood production, 1997

Treesearch

Tony G. Johnson; Carolyn D. Steppleton

1999-01-01

In 1997, the South's production of pulpwood increased 11 percent to 75.9 million cords. Roundwood production increased to 54.2 million cords and accounted for 71 percent of the total pulpwood production. The use of wood residue increased to 21.7 million cords. Alabama leads the South in total production, number of mills, and pulping capacity. Currently, 103 mills...

Chemical profile of size-fractionated soils collected in a semiarid industrial area of Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morales Del Mastro, Anabella; Pereyra, Marcelo; Londonio, Agustín; Pereyra, Victoria; Rebagliati, Raúl Jiménez; Dawidowski, Laura; Gómez, Darío; Smichowski, Patricia

2014-12-01

A study was undertaken to assess the chemical profile of soil collected in Bahía Blanca (Argentina). In this industrial city, semiarid soils are affected by different industrial and agricultural activities, the presence of a saltpeter extraction facility, traffic and increasing urbanization. Sixteen soil samples (superficial and sub-superficial) were collected. Samples were sieved in two fractions (A < 37 μm, and 37 < B < 50 μm) before elemental analysis. Major, minor and trace elements namely, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Anions (Cl-, F-, SO42-) and cations (K+, Na+ and NH4+) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after an aqueous extraction. As expected, crustal elements namely, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg and Ti exhibited the highest concentrations. Mean elemental concentration ranged from <0.3 μg g-1 (Sb) to 14.6 ± 0.6% (Ca). Ions concentrations in the soluble fraction measured at mg g-1 levels were in the order Cl- > Na+ ≅ SO42- > K+ > NO3-. Three indicators, namely, (i) coefficient of variation, (ii) coefficient of divergence and (iii) ratio of elemental concentration with respect to Ca were used to assess chemical, spatial and inter-profile variability. Chloride > Ca > Na+ > Mo > SO42-, dominated the variability indicating that these are key chemical markers for future assessment of crustal contribution to airborne particles in the area. The ratios Xi/Ca allowed discriminating the soil of the semi-arid region surrounding Bahía Blanca. The chemical profiles obtained in this study, particularly those of topsoil, will be a key input to characterize soil resuspension and its contribution to airborne particulate matter in a forthcoming receptor model analysis.

1997 NASA/MSFC Summer Teacher Enrichment Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

This is a report on the follow-up activities conducted for the 1997 NASA Summer Teacher Enrichment Program (STEP), which was held at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for the seventh consecutive year. The program was conducted as a six-week session with 17 sixth through twelfth grade math and science teachers from a six-state region (Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi and Missouri). The program began on June 8, 1997, and ended on July 25, 1997. The long-term objectives of the program are to: increase the nation's scientific and technical talent pool with a special emphasis on underrepresented groups, improve the quality of pre-college math and science education, improve math and science literacy, and improve NASA's and pre-college education's understandings of each other's operating environments and needs. Short-term measurable objectives for the MSFC STEP are to: improve the teachers' content and pedagogy knowledge in science and/or mathematics, integrate applications from the teachers' STEP laboratory experiences into science and math curricula, increase the teachers' use of instructional technology, enhance the teachers' leadership skills by requiring them to present workshops and/or inservice programs for other teachers, require the support of the participating teacher(s) by the local school administration through a written commitment, and create networks and partnerships within the education community, both pre-college and college. The follow-up activities for the 1997 STEP included the following: academic-year questionnaire, site visits, academic-year workshop, verification of commitment of support, and additional NASA support.

[FeFe]-Hydrogenases: recent developments and future perspectives.

PubMed

Wittkamp, F; Senger, M; Stripp, S T; Apfel, U-P

2018-06-08

[FeFe]-Hydrogenases are the most efficient enzymes for catalytic hydrogen turnover. Their H2 production efficiency is hitherto unrivalled. However, functional details of the catalytic machinery and possible modes of application are discussed controversially. The incorporation of synthetically modified cofactors and utilization of semi-artificial enzymes only recently allowed us to shed light on key steps of the catalytic cycle. Herein, we summarize the essential findings regarding the redox chemistry of [FeFe]-hydrogenases and discuss their catalytic hydrogen turnover. We furthermore will give an outlook on potential research activities and exploit the utilization of synthetic cofactor mimics.

7 CFR 51.2004 - Reasonably well developed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reasonably well developed. 51.2004 Section 51.2004 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Definitions § 51.2004 Reasonably well developed. Reasonably well developed means that the kernel fills one...

7 CFR 51.2004 - Reasonably well developed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reasonably well developed. 51.2004 Section 51.2004 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Definitions § 51.2004 Reasonably well developed. Reasonably well developed means that the kernel fills one...

The orthorhombic to high-P monoclinic phase transition in Mg-Fe Pyroxenes: Can it produce a seismic discontinuity?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodland, Alan B.

The orthorhombic to high-P monoclinic phase transition in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 pyroxene with a mantle-relevant composition (XFs = 0.1) is expected to occur at ˜300 km depth [Woodland and Angel, 1997]. However, the divariant nature of the phase transition in the Mg-Fe system leaves the question open as to whether this transition occurs over a narrow enough pressure interval to cause a seismic discontinuity. New experimental results with binary Mg-Fe pyroxenes constrain the divariant loop to be 0.2 GPa wide at the composition of XFs = 0.4 and on the order of 0.15 GPa for a mantle-relevant composition. This implies that the phase transition will be complete over a depth interval of about 5-6 km in the mantle and it is concluded that the divariant loop of the orthorhombic to high-P monoclinic phase transition in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 pyroxene is indeed narrow enough to produce a “jump” in seismic velocities. The experimentally observed metastable behavior of orthopyroxene could further reduce the effective depth interval of this phase transition. The expected location of this phase transition coincides with a small magnitude seismic discontinuity, the “X-discontinuity”, occasionally observed in seismic profiles at ˜300 km depth, and thus provides a viable petrologic explanation for the origin of this discontinuity, if it truly exists.

The Role of Small Woodland Remnants on Ground Dwelling Insect Conservation in Chaco Serrano, Central Argentina

PubMed Central

Moreno, María Laura; Fernández, María Guadalupe; Molina, Silvia Itati; Valladares, Graciela

2013-01-01

Many terrestrial ecosystems are changing due to extensive land use and habitat fragmentation, posing a major threat to biodiversity. In this study, the effects of patch size, isolation, and edge/interior localization on the ground dwelling insect communities in the Chaco Serrano woodland remnants in central Argentina were examined. Sampling was carried out in December 2003 and March 2004 in nine remnants (0.57 to 1000 hectares) using pitfall traps. In total, 7071 individuals representing 12 orders and 79 families were recorded. The taxonomic composition of these communities was linked to remnant size. Insect abundance increased (as did their richness, albeit marginally) as remnant area decreased, with no significant effects of isolation or edge/interior localization on abundance, richness, or diversity. No differential area effects were observed when abundance and richness of predators, scavengers, and herbivores were compared. Thus, ground insect communities in fragmented Chaco Serrano seem to respond mainly to patch level, rather than to within-patch (edge effects) or landscape (isolation) level variables. These results suggest that small Chaco Serrano remnants, by supporting larger ground-dwelling insect assemblages, may play an important role from a conservation viewpoint. PMID:23902409

The role of small woodland remnants on ground dwelling insect conservation in Chaco Serrano, Central Argentina.

PubMed

Moreno, María Laura; Fernández, María Guadalupe; Molina, Silvia Itati; Valladares, Graciela

2013-01-01

Many terrestrial ecosystems are changing due to extensive land use and habitat fragmentation, posing a major threat to biodiversity. In this study, the effects of patch size, isolation, and edge/interior localization on the ground dwelling insect communities in the Chaco Serrano woodland remnants in central Argentina were examined. Sampling was carried out in December 2003 and March 2004 in nine remnants (0.57 to 1000 hectares) using pitfall traps. In total, 7071 individuals representing 12 orders and 79 families were recorded. The taxonomic composition of these communities was linked to remnant size. Insect abundance increased (as did their richness, albeit marginally) as remnant area decreased, with no significant effects of isolation or edge/interior localization on abundance, richness, or diversity. No differential area effects were observed when abundance and richness of predators, scavengers, and herbivores were compared. Thus, ground insect communities in fragmented Chaco Serrano seem to respond mainly to patch level, rather than to within-patch (edge effects) or landscape (isolation) level variables. These results suggest that small Chaco Serrano remnants, by supporting larger ground-dwelling insect assemblages, may play an important role from a conservation viewpoint.

Influence of Sporadic E layers on Mesospheric Na and Fe Layers over Arecibo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raizada, S.; Tepley, C. A.; Zhou, Q.; Sarkhel, S.; Mathews, J. D.; Aponte, N.; Kerr, R.

2014-12-01

Arecibo offers unique opportunity to investigate the structure of the mesospheric metal layers and their response to Sporadic E as observed by the incoherent scatter radar data. Previous studies have shown higher occurrences of sporadic activity in the neutral Fe layers as compared to Na at mid-latitudes. Other studies demonstrated that Sporadic Na (NaS) layers are more common at low and high latitudes as compared to FeS. It is important to note that case studies based on a few nights of observations are significant as they can shed more light on factors that are important on short term scales. These efforts can also help in evaluation of the role played by these factors in the climatological or global studies. In this study, we have used two adjacent nights of simultaneous Na and Fe data obtained using resonance lidars at Arecibo, while the co-located Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) provides information about Sporadic E (ES). On both the nights (17 and 18 March 2004) ES was observed with electron densities exceeding 3000 electrons/cc. Some interesting observations are worth noting: The Fe main layer (below 90 km) was stronger than the corresponding sporadic layer around 95 km. However, Na data displayed a weaker main layer below 90 km with stronger NaS activity. Hence, the ratio of densities determined within layers of 3 km thickness centered at 97 km and at 87 km are less than 1 for Fe and exceeds 1 in the case of Na. A correlation analysis between Na/Ne and Fe/Ne also displays dissimilarities in the 94-100 km altitude range. An onsite all-sky imager recorded similar wave activities on both the nights with both ripple and band type structures that were observed in the 557.7 nm airglow. We will discuss the dissimilar response of Na and Fe to Sporadic E activity in relation to neutralization lifetimes of their respective ions and their sensitivity to temperatures.

First record of Talaromyces udagawae in soil related to decomposing human remains in Argentina.

PubMed

Tranchida, María C; Centeno, Néstor D; Stenglein, Sebastián A; Cabello, Marta N

2016-01-01

The morphologic features of Talaromyces udagawae Stolk and Samson are here described and illustrated. This teleomorphic Ascomycota fungus was isolated from soil obtained in Buenos Aires province (Argentina) from beneath a human cadaver in an advanced state of decomposition. After washing and serial dilution of the soil along with moist-chamber techniques for fungal cultivation, T. udagawae formed very restricted colonies of bright yellow color on different growth media with 8-ascospored asci. The ascospores were ellipsoidal and ornamented. The anamorphic state was not observed. Molecular-genetic techniques identified the species. The present record is the first of the species in Argentina, pointing it as a tool to identify soils where cadaver decomposition occurs. Copyright © 2015 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

[Influenza telephone consultation target the general public--2003-2004, 2004-2005].

PubMed

Yamadera, Shizuko; Kobune, Fumio; Komatsu, Toshihiko; Suzuki, Kazuyoshi; Nakayama, Mikio; Hagiwara, Toshikatsu; Matsumoto, Miyako; Yamamoto, Kiichi; Renard, Junko; Oya, Akira

2007-07-01

The NPO Biomedical Science Association provided telephone consultation, including contacts by fax and email, targeting the general public within the framework of influenza control measures worked out by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW). We received 2,813 inquiries during the 2003-2004 flu season and 2,444 inquiries during the 2004-2005 season. By month, the highest number was in October-November, accounting for 42.6%. The preceding season showed a similar trend. By gender, 72.5% of those seeking advice were women. By area of residence, the highest number was living in metropolitan Tokyo, and the remainder lived in the prefectures of Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Nagano, Shizuoka, and Ibaraki in this order. We received no inquiries from the prefectures of Shimane or Saga. By occupation, housewives accounted for 1,114 inquiries (45.6%), followed by private companies with 447 inquiries (18.3%) and health-care providers with 227 inquiries (9.3%), similar to the 2003-2004 flu season. By subject, 1,545 inquiries concerned vaccines (62.2%) mainly, the pros and cons of vaccination, adverse reactions, and the number of inoculations required. Inquiries about pregnancy, infants and young children, and breast-feeding accounted for 19.2%. Inquiries on vaccine shortages during the 2004-2005 flu season (7), SARS (22), and bird flu (22) decreased compared to the previous season, while the number of consultations on antiviral agents increased (209). In discussing how information on influenza should be communicated to the public, we propose that "Influenza Q & A" provided by the Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center of the NIID, MHLW, should include information on influenza specifically addressing pregnant woman and breast-feeding or child-rearing mothers.

International Reports on Literacy Research: France and Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malloy, Jacquelynn A., Comp.; Botzakis, Stergios, Comp.

2006-01-01

This is a compilation of two separate reports on international literacy research from France and Argentina. In the reports from France, research correspondent Jacques Fijalkow detailed three research projects that included the following: (1) A description of adult literacy skills; (2) An investigation of how study-abroad students were integrated…

77 FR 58524 - Honey From Argentina; Final Results of Sunset Reviews and Revocation of Antidumping Duty and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-357-812, C-357-813] Honey From... duty and countervailing duty orders on honey from Argentina.\\1\\ Because no domestic interested party... the antidumping duty and countervailing duty orders on honey from Argentina. \\1\\ See Initiation of...

Reporting and Disclosing Intragovernmental Transactions for the FY 1997 DOD Consolidated Financial Statements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-09-21

This report discusses the reporting and disclosing of intragovernmental transactions on FY 1997 DoD Component and FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements . The...comply with the law, DoD prepared financial statements for the 16 reporting entities to be included in the FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements . The...Consolidated Financial Statement. The overall audit objective was to determine whether the FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements were presented

Senator Craig's Public Lands Management Imporvement Act of 1997

Treesearch

Joseph E. de Steiguer

1998-01-01

There are currently some 50 bills before the US Congress that deal with forestry. Among the most important of these is the one introduced on October 3, 1997, by Sen. Larry Craig (R-ID). This bill, S 1253, titled the Public Lands Management Improvement Act of 1997, would have far-reaching effects on the national forests and multiple-use public lands.

Characterization and determination of 28 elements in fly ashes collected in a thermal power plant in Argentina using different instrumental techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marrero, Julieta; Polla, Griselda; Jiménez Rebagliati, Raúl; Plá, Rita; Gómez, Darío; Smichowski, Patricia

2007-02-01

Different techniques were selected for comprehensive characterization of seven samples of fly ashes collected from the electrostatic precipitator of the San Nicolás thermal power plant (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Particle size was measured using laser based particle size analyzer. X-ray diffraction powder (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the mineral phase present in the matrix consisting basically of aluminosilicates and large amounts of amorphous material. The predominant crystalline phases were mullite and quartz. Major and minors elements (Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Si and Ti) were detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) content was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Different acid mixtures and digestion procedures were compared for subsequent ICP OES measurements of the dissolved samples. The digestion procedures used were: i) a mixture of FH + HNO 3 + HClO 4 (open system digestion); ii) a mixture of FH + HNO 3 (MW-assisted digestion); iii) a mixture of HF and aqua regia (MW-assisted digestion). Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was employed for the determination of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Ce, Cs, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, La, Lu, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U and Yb. The validation of the procedure was performed by the analysis of two certified materials namely, i) NIST 1633b, coal fly ash and ii) GBW07105, rock. Mean elements content spanned from 41870 μg g - 1 for Fe to 1.14 μg g - 1 for Lu. The study showed that Fe (41870 μg g - 1 ) ≫ V (1137 μg g - 1 ) > Ni (269 μg g - 1 ) > Mn (169 μg g - 1 ) are the main components. An enrichment, with respect to crustal average, in many elements was observed especially for As, V and Sb that deserve particular interest from the environmental and human health point of view.

First principles calculations of the magnetic and hyperfine properties of Fe/N/Fe and Fe/O/Fe multilayers in the ground state of cohesive energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

dos Santos, A. V.; Samudio Pérez, C. A.; Muenchen, D.; Anibele, T. P.

2015-01-01

The ground state properties of Fe/N/Fe and Fe/O/Fe multilayers were investigated using the first principles calculations. The calculations were performed using the Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (LAPW) method implemented in the Wien2k code. A supercell consisting of one layer of nitride (or oxide) between two layers of Fe in the bcc structure was used to model the structure of the multilayer. The research in new materials also stimulated theoretical and experimental studies of iron-based nitrides due to their variety of structural and magnetic properties for the potential applications as in high strength steels and for high corrosion resistance. It is obvious from many reports that magnetic iron nitrides such as γ-Fe4N and α-Fe16N2 have interesting magnetic properties, among these a high magnetisation saturation and a high density crimp. However, although Fe-N films and multilayers have many potential applications, they can be produced in many ways and are being extensively studied from the theoretical point of view there is no detailed knowledge of their electronic structure. Clearly, efforts to understand the influence of the nitrogen atoms on the entire electronic structure are needed as to correctly interpret the observed changes in the magnetic properties when going from Fe-N bulk compounds to multilayer structures. Nevertheless, the N atoms are not solely responsible for electronics alterations in solid compounds. Theoretical results showed that Fe4X bulk compounds, where X is a variable atom with increasing atomic number (Z), the nature of bonding between X and adjacent Fe atoms changes from more covalent to more ionic and the magnetic moments of Fe also increase for Z=7, i.e. N. This is an indicative that atoms with a Z number higher than 7, i.e., O, can produce several new alterations in the entire magnetic properties of Fe multilayers. This paper presents the first results of an ab-initio electronic structure calculations, performed for Fe-N and Fe

Review of US medical school finances, 1997-1998.

PubMed

Krakower, J Y; Williams, D J; Jones, R F

1999-09-01

Based on data from the Annual Medical School Questionnaire of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), to which 100% of schools responded, we found that revenue supporting programs and activities of the 125 accredited medical schools in the United States totaled $36997 million in 1997-1998. A large proportion of revenue (79%) was derived from 3 sources: practice plans ($12559 million; 33.9%), grants and contracts ($10916 million; 29.5%), and hospital support ($5741 million; 15.5%). An analysis of revenue trends revealed that medical schools, in aggregate, have continued to experience growth during the last 2 years. However, the aggregate numbers mask considerable variation among schools with regard to changes in financing. Between 1995-1996 and 1996-1997, 46 schools (37%) reported constant-dollar declines in the sum of practice plan and hospital revenue, and 50 schools (40%) reported a decline from 1996-1997 to 1997-1998. The financial data reviewed in this report demonstrate the continued dependence of medical schools on faculty-generated sources of revenue and confirm the perception that a growing number of medical schools are experiencing reductions in key sources of financial support. Current and projected reductions in teaching hospital revenue due to the implementation of the Balanced Budget Amendment are expected to erode further hospital support for medical school programs and activities.

Density Measurement of Liquid FeS Under High Pressure and High Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, T.; Young, C.; Chen, J.; Baldwin, K.

2005-05-01

Sulfur is considered one of the possible light elements in the core which might be responsible for the density deficit. We studied the liquid state of sulfur in iron due to sulfur¡¦s lack of amount in the mantle; easiness to alloy with iron; and the predicted 5% ~ 10% amount of this light element in the core (Ahrens, 1979; Sherman, 1997). Restricted by the modern development of the multianvil high pressure experimental equipments, the experiments are limited at a lower pressure range (<30GPa) comparing with the outer core pressure condition. Therefore, extrapolation of data derived at low pressure range to the condition of the outer core (130-330GPa) has to be applied and may produce results which are way far from the true numbers. However, at the point while the techniques are limited, studying the physical properties of the molten FeS at relatively low pressure still provides us a better picture of the physical behaviors of the liquid outer core comparing with data derived from solid state FeS experiments. The lack of melt density data at low pressure provides another motivation for us to study the physical properties of melt. The radiography (shadowgraphy) system on Beam Line X17B2, NSLS at the Brookhaven National Laboratory is an add-on system attached to the in situ x-ray beam line setup. It includes a YAG fluorescent screen, an optical mirror, focusing-magnification lenses, and a CCD camera and/or a video camera. Before the melting temperature, the radiograph system yields a maximum 1% difference in density comparing with the data collected by the traditional x-ray diffraction method. We have successfully examined liquid FeS samples by applying this technique at the NSLS. With a sapphire (Al2O3) sphere surrounded by FeS powder. The image of the sphere was clearly shown due to the absorption coefficient difference between these two materials. The density fitting method developed by our group has produced convincing data. The preliminary results of the

[Spanish verbal fluency. Normative data in Argentina].

PubMed

Butman, J; Allegri, R F; Harris, P; Drake, M

2000-01-01

Letter and category fluency tasks are used to assess semantic knowledge, retrieval ability, and executive functioning. The original normative data have been obtained mainly from English speaking populations; there are few papers on norms in other languages. The purpose of this study was to collect normative scores in Argentina and to evaluate the effects of sex, age, education and cognitive status on the letter and category fluency tasks, in 266 healthy Spanish-speaking participants (16 to 86 years). Mean education span was 12.8 +/- 4 years. In each subject a neuropsychological battery (Minimental State Exam, Signoret Memory Battery, Boston Naming Test and Trail Making Test) was carried out as well as category fluency (naming animals in one minute) and letter fluency (words beginning with letter "p" in one minute). The sample was arranged into a group of subjects with less than 45 years and further groups up to 10 more years, until 75 years (or more) with three different levels of education. Significant effects were found for age, education, and Minimental State Exam on performance of both fluencies. Mean performance scores are presented for each group to be used in Argentina.

Political Socialization via a Newspaper-in-Schools Program in Argentina: Effects of Variations in Teaching Methods.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaffee, Steven H.; And Others

A study examined the effects on political socialization of students in grades 5-6, based on teachers' use of local newspapers in classrooms throughout Argentina (except in Buenos Aires) during the 1995 school year. The newspaper program was sponsored by the Association of Dailies of the Interior Region of Argentina. Data were collected by…

A new species of Tribonium Saussure, 1862 from the Province of Misiones, Argentina (Blattaria, Blaberidae, Zetoborinae).

PubMed

Crespo, Francisco Antonio; Valverde, Alejandra Del Carmen; Iglesias, Mónica Sandra

2015-03-23

Tribonium rothi sp. n. is described from Argentina, whereas T. neospectrum and T. conspersum are recorded for the first time for that country, and their genitalia is redescribed. Femur and tibial spine armature are given and Tribonium is compared with Schistopeltis. A key to identify species of the genus Tribonium recorded in Argentina is provided.

Global Microlending in Education Reform: Enseñá Por Argentina and the Neoliberalization of the Grassroots

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedrich, Daniel S.

2010-01-01

This article examines the workings and underlying assumptions behind Enseñá por Argentina (Teach for Argentina), one specific program that takes part in the larger and expanding network of Teach for All, by thinking about the ways in which a global push for redefining teaching and teacher education encounters local characteristics and histories,…

Maximizing federal Medicaid dollars: nursing home provider tax adoption, 2000-2004.